Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7130 688097 458811 2026-07-14T18:55:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg|thumb|Ȯra Kwara]] {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->|name=Kwara|official_name=|type=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|image_skyline=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_flag=Kwara_State_Flag.jpg|image_seal=Emblem of Kwara State.png|seal_alt=Seal of Kwara State|nickname=[[List of Nigerian state nicknames|State of Harmony]]|image_map=Nigeria Kwara State map.png|map_alt=|map_caption=Location of the State of Kwara in Nigeria|coordinates={{coord|8|30|N|5|00|E|region:NG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[Geopolitical zones of Nigeria|Geopolitical Zone]]|subdivision_name1=[[North Central, Nigeria|North Central]]|parts_type=[[Local government areas of Nigeria|Number of LGAs]]|p1=[[Local Government Areas of Kwara|16]]|parts_style=para|established_title=[[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date created]]|established_date=27 May 1967|seat_type=[[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]]|seat=[[Ilorin]]|government_footnotes=|governing_body=Government of Kwara State|leader_party=[[All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)|APC]]|leader_title=[[List of Nigerian state governors|Governor]] <br /> ([[List of Governors of Kwara State|List]])|leader_name=[[Abdulrazaq Abdulrahman]]|leader_title1={{nowrap|Deputy Governor}}|leader_name1=Kayode Alabi|leader_title2=Legislature|leader_name2=[[Kwara State House of Assembly]]|leader_title3=[[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]]|leader_name3={{Nowrap|[[Kwara Central Senatorial District|C]]: [[Ibrahim Yahaya Oloriegbe]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|[[Kwara North Senatorial District|N]]: [[Suleiman Sadiq Umar]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|[[Kwara South Senatorial District|S]]: [[Lola Ashiru]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}|leader_title4=[[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]]|leader_name4=[[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kwara|List]]|unit_pref=Metric<!-- or US or UK -->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=36825|area_rank=[[List of Nigerian states by area|9th of 36]]|area_note=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|population_footnotes=|population_total=2,365,353<ref name="PHC Tables">{{Cite web|url=http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|title=2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION|website=population.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054745/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|archive-date=2017-10-10|url-status=dead|accessdate=2023-06-13|archivedate=2017-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054745/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/}}</ref>|population_as_of=2006 census|population_est=|pop_est_as_of=|population_rank=[[List of Nigerian states by population|30th of 36]]|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|demographics_type1=[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|GDP]]|demographics1_footnotes=|demographics1_title1=Year|demographics1_info1=2021|demographics1_title2=Total|demographics1_info2=$8.91&nbsp;billion<ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web |date=2022-10-13 |year=2022 |editor-last=Okeowo |editor-first=Gabriel |editor2-last=Fatoba |editor2-first=Iyanuoluwa |title=State of States 2022 Edition |url=https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Budgit.org |publisher=BudgIT |format=PDF |publication-date=2022-10-13 |accessdate=2023-06-13 |archivedate=2024-03-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328173232/https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf }}</ref><br />[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|35th of 36]]|demographics1_title3=Per capita|demographics1_info3=$2,401<ref name="C-GIDD GDP" /><br />[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|26th of 36]]|timezone1=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset1=+01|postal_code_type=postal code|postal_code=240001|area_code_type=|area_code=|iso_code=[[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-KW]]|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018)|blank_info_sec1=0.571<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|20th of 37]]|website=[http://www.kwarastate.gov.ng "Kwara State Government"]|footnotes=}} .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Onyeakagbu|first=Adaobi|title=See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c|work=Pulse.ng|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=11 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811220711/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c}}</ref><ref name="Creation">{{Cite web|title=This is how the 36 states were created|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|work=Pulse.ng|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>Kwara State (Yoruba: Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwárà), bụ steeti dị na Western Nigeria, nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Kogi State, na ugwu Niger steeti, na steeti Ekiti, Osun na Oyo na ndịda, ebe oke ọdịda anyanwụ ya mejupụtara.  akụkụ nke oke mba ụwa na Benin Republic.[1][2]  Isi obodo ya bụ obodo Ilorin na steeti ahụ nwere mpaghara ọchịchị ime obodo iri na isii. .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population 2006-2016|url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474|work=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=21 December 2021|archivedate=14 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214205233/https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fingesi|first=U. I.|title=Species richness and diversity of birds in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria|journal=World News of Natural Sciences|date=18 November 2018|url=http://www.worldnewsnaturalsciences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/WNOFNS-22-2019-1-11.pdf|accessdate=26 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ajayi|first=S.R.|title=Population status of Olive Baboon Papio anubis (LESSON, 1827) in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria|journal=Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment|date=June 2020|volume=12|issue=2|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343510440|accessdate=26 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Animal population grows at Kainji Lake National Park|url=https://guardian.ng/news/animal-population-grows-at-kainji-lake-national-park/|work=[[The Guardian, Nigeria|The Guardian]]|date=3 March 2017|accessdate=26 December 2021|archivedate=28 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228195540/https://guardian.ng/news/animal-population-grows-at-kainji-lake-national-park/}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Okosodo|first=Ehi Francis|title=Diversity and Abundance of Avian Species in Old Oyo National Park Southwest Nigeria|journal=Merit Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science|date=December 2016|volume=4|issue=11|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312126220|accessdate=26 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oyeleke|first=Olaide Omowumi|title=Assessment of management practices for ungulates in old Oyo National Park, Nigeria|journal=Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management|date=August 2015|volume=8|issue=5|doi=10.4314/ejesm.v8i5.8|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282452146|accessdate=26 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Halidu|first=Shafiu Kilishi|title=Ecology of Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus Patas) in Buffer Zone Ranges, Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria|journal=Journal of Bioresource Management|date=23 April 2021|volume=8|issue=2|pages=29–37|doi=10.35691/JBM.1202.0178|url=https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1285&context=jbm|accessdate=26 December 2021}}</ref>N'ime steeti iri atọ na isii nke Nigeria, Kwara bụ nke itoolu kachasị na mpaghara, mana nke isii pere mpe, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ruru ihe dị ka nde 3.2 dị ka ọ dị na 2016.[1] Geographically, Kwara steeti kewara n'etiti West Sudanian savanna na ọdịda anyanwụ, na Guinean ọhịa–savanna mosaic ecoregion na ndị ọzọ na steeti. Akụkụ dị mkpa na mpaghara steeti ahụ gụnyere osimiri, ebe Niger na-asọfe n'akụkụ oke ugwu banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Jeba, tupu ọ gaa n'ihu dịka oke, ebe osimiri Awun, Asa, Aluko na Oyun na-asọfe n'ime ime. N'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke steeti ahụ bụ ngalaba Borgu nke Kainji National Park, nnukwu ogige ntụrụndụ mba nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ isi awọ, kob, hippopotamus, elephant ọhịa Africa, nwa oliv, na anụ ọhịa roan, yana ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ikpeazụ fọdụrụnụ. Ọdụm ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka n'ụwa.[2][3][4] N'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ọdịda anyanwụ, obere akụkụ nke Old Oyo National Park nwere ugo okpueze, ugo mara mma, buffalo Africa, oribi, na enwe patas.[5][6] Ndị agbụrụ dị iche iche ebiwo na steeti Kwara ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọkachasị [[Ndi Yoruba|ndị Yoruba]] bi na steeti ahụ dum, mana enwere ndị Nupe dị nta n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndị Bariba (Baoton) na Busa (Bokobaru) n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, na obere ndị Fulani na [[Ilorin]], na-agafe steeti ahụ dị ka ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na-akwagharị akwagharị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwara {{!}} state, Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kwara|accessdate=2022-06-28|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> N'oge tupu ọchịchị ndị eze, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ógbè nke bụzi steeti Kwara bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Oyo, na akụkụ nke akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke alaeze Borgu nke ndị Bariba, Boko na Bissa, na alaeze Nupe (1531-1835) bi. N'etiti afọ 1800, ndị Fulani jihad weghaara akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ihe bụ ugbu a steeti Kwara ma tinye mpaghara ahụ n'okpuru Gwandu nke Sokoto Caliphate. N'afọ 1890 na 1900, njem ndị Britain weghaara mpaghara ahụ ma tinye ya na Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Northern Nigeria mechara sonye na British Nigeria na 1914, tupu ọ bụrụ na ọ nwere onwe ya dị ka Nigeria na 1960. Na mbụ, steeti Kwara nke oge a bụ akụkụ nke mpaghara Northern Region mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị ruo 1967, mgbe e kewara mpaghara ahụ ma mpaghara ahụ ghọrọ [[Ȯra Kwara|West Central State]]. N'afọ 1976, a gbanwere aha steeti ahụ ka ọ bụrụ steeti Kwara ma aha ahụ nọgidere ruo n'afọ ndị 1990, mgbe e kewara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ya iji mepụta akụkụ nke steeti Kogi ma tinye mpaghara Borgu dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ya n'ime ngalaba Borgu nke [[Ȯra Niger|steeti Niger]]. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere steeti Kwara na 27 Mee 1967, mgbe Gọọmentị Ndị Agha nke General [[Yakubu Gowon]] kewara mpaghara anọ ahụ mejupụtara Federation of Nigeria na steeti iri na abụọ.<ref name="kwasang.org.uk">{{Cite web|title=History of Kwara State – Kwara State Association of Nigeria|url=https://kwasang.org.uk/history-of-kwara-state/|accessdate=2021-12-31|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124032137/https://kwasang.org.uk/history-of-kwara-state/}}</ref> Mgbe e kere ya, steeti ahụ bụ mpaghara [[Ilorin]] na Kabba nke mpaghara Northern nke oge ahụ ma na mbụ a kpọrọ ya West Central State mana e mechara gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ "Kwara", aha mpaghara maka [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri Niger]], n'asụsụ Hausa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwara State – Local Governments, Facts & History|url=https://www.propertypro.ng/blog/kwara-state-facts-history/|date=2020-05-31|work=PropertyPro|author=Abiola Adekunle|accessdate=2021-03-08}}</ref> Steeti Kwara nwere ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe dị ka tourmaline, tantalite, na ọtụtụ ebe a na-etinye ihe onwunwa n'akụkụ ugwu. Cocoa na Kolanut na mpaghara ndịda [[Oke Ero|Oke -]] Ero, Ekiti na Isin LGA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwara State|url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/kwara-state/|date=2019-01-09|work=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-30|archivedate=2020-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528222359/https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/kwara-state/}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke isi obodo Kwara, Ilorin, na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ ma nwee mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ, nke dị n'etiti 990.3 mm na 1318mm. Obodo a nwere okpomọkụ dịgasị iche iche site na 330C ruo 370C, na ọnwa nke atọ n'afọ, Machị, bụ nke kachasị ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Olaniran|first=O. J.|title=Rainfall anomalies in Nigeria: The contemporary understanding|publisher=The Fifty-fifth Inaugural Lecture of University of Ilorin|year=2002}}</ref> Okpomọkụ kachasị ala na nke kachasị elu, yana iru mmiri nke isi obodo steeti, na-arị elu n'etiti afọ 1978 na 2017. Ifufe nke na-efe n'ógbè a mejupụtara ma ifufe South-East na North-East.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ajani, A.B. & Adeniyi, A.|date=2017|title=Trends analysis of agricultural productivity in Kwara State Nigeria|journal=Journal of Research and International Studies|volume=5|issue=1|pages=205–214}}</ref> == Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya == Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2006, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Kwarans bụ nde 2.37, dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Naijiria nke afọ 2006. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ a mejupụtara ihe dị ka 1.69% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mba ahụ dabere na mbata maka mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mmepe akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/Nigeria06CensusFigs.html|title=Nigeria 2006 Census Figures|work=Nigeria master web|accessdate=June 3, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821125730/http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/Nigeria06CensusFigs.html|archivedate=August 21, 2014}}</ref> Ndị isi agbụrụ bụ Yoruba, Nupe, Fulani na Baruba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Gemma|first=Wilson|title=Kwara: the making of a new state|publisher=Bookcraft|year=2012|pages=12–13}}</ref> == Asụsụ == Asụsụ nke Kwara State nke LGA depụtara:<ref name="e22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|accessdate=2020-01-10}}</ref><ref name="kwasang.org.uk"/> {| class="wikitable" !LGA !Asụsụ |- |[[Asa, Kwara State|Asa]] |Yoruba |- |Baruten |Baatonum |- |Edu |Akpụkpọ ahụ |- |Ekiti |Yoruba |- |Ifelodun |Yoruba |- |[[Ilorin East|Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ilorin]] |Yoruba |- |[[Ilorin South|Ndịda Ilorin]] |Yoruba |- |[[Ilorin West]] |Yoruba |- |Isin |Yoruba |- |Irepodun |Yoruba |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Busa language (Mande)|Bokobaru]] |- |Moro |Yoruba |- |Offa |Yoruba |- |[[Oke Ero]] |Yoruba |- |Ọ dị na ya |Yoruba |- |Pategi |Akpụkpọ ahụ |} Asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-asụ na Kwara State gụnyere [[Busa language (Mande)|Busa]], Boko, na Sorko. == Ụgbọ njem == == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cash Crops - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cash-crops|accessdate=2022-02-25|work=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Atulegwu|first=David|date=2020-09-08|title=List of Natural Mineral Resources Found in Kwara State|url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natural-mineral-resources-found-in-kwara-state/|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=Nigerian Infopedia|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026221924/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natural-mineral-resources-found-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> Gọọmentị Naịjirịa na-aghọwanye nsogbu ndị na-esite na adịghị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi, na steeti Kwara na-arụ ọrụ iji melite gburugburu ebe obibi na ịdị ọcha ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adedibu|first=Afolabi A.|date=1986-03-01|title=Solid waste management and a new environmental edict: a case study from Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240232|journal=Environmentalist|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=63–68|doi=10.1007/BF02240232|issn=1573-2991}}</ref> Na Septemba 22, 2020, gọvanọ steeti Kwara malitere mkpọsa 'Clean Kwara' iji kwụsị nsị na-emeghe ma kwalite ịdị ọcha na steeti ahụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Olesin|first=Abdullahi|date=2020-09-22|title=Nigeria: Abdulrazaq Launches Clean Kwara Campaign, to End Open Defecation|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202009220758.html|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref> Gọọmentị steeti na-arụ ọrụ iji dozie okporo ụzọ na ụzọ mmiri niile iji hụ na mmiri na-aga n'efu, na-etinye mgbalị iji hụ na ịdị ọcha nke mmiri, na-ewu ụlọ mposi ma na-eme ka [[Water sanitation|mmiri dị ọcha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmental Sanitation: Govt assures of a clean Kwara, to supply waste receptacle containers – RoyalFM 95.1MHz, Ilorin|url=http://royalfm.net/environmental-sanitation-govt-assures-of-a-clean-kwara-to-supply-waste-receptacle-containers/|accessdate=2020-09-22|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410183651/http://royalfm.net/environmental-sanitation-govt-assures-of-a-clean-kwara-to-supply-waste-receptacle-containers/}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Alhaji|date=2019-11-19|title=Nigeria inaugurates water plants in Kwara State|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2019/11/nigeria-inaugurates-water-plants-in-kwara-state/|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=Construction Review Online|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Nke a bụkwa iji kwalite Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide 3 & 6 (n'ozuzu ịnweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị nchebe na ọnụ ala na ịnweta ịdị ọcha zuru oke na nke ziri ezi, ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile, na ịkwụsị nsị n'èzí site na 2030).<ref name=":0" /> == Egwuregwu == Ọrụ egwuregwu na-achịkwa site na Kansụl Egwuregwu Steeti. Mkpa a na-etinye na egwuregwu dugara n'iwu ámá egwuregwu, nke a na-akpọ - Kwara State Stadium Complex. Ihe owuwu ndị dị n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ bụ mainbowl, ụlọ egwuregwu dị n'ime ụlọ, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ntụrụndụ yana ọdọ mmiri Olympic. A na-anọchite anya steeti ahụ nke ọma ma na bọọlụ ma na basketball. Steeti ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke Kwara United Football Club, ABS FC na Kwara Falcons Basketball Club. == Ndị ama ama ==   == Hụkwa == * Kansụl Nchịkwa nke Kwara Steeti == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{Kwara State}}{{Ȯra no n'ime Naigeria}} [[Òtù:Ora no na ime Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ȯra Kwara]] aibi8csjbvx548k3vv4e6qfv4rci1zk 0 7437 688070 674393 2026-07-14T13:56:14Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndu na mmalite */ ntụgharị 688070 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} At her Catholic confirmation, Adichie changed her English name from Grace to Amanda, under which name her first work was published.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} In her formal education, Adichie was taught in both [[Igbo language|Igbo]] and English.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Although Igbo was not a popular subject, she continued taking courses in the language throughout high school.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} She completed her secondary education at the University of Nigeria Campus Secondary School, with top distinction in the [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC),{{sfn|Anya|2005}} and academic prizes.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} She was admitted to the University of Nigeria, where she studied medicine and pharmacy for a year and half.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} She was also the editor of ''The Compass'', a student-run university magazine.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} In 1997, at the age of 19, Adichie published ''Decisions'', a collection of poems, and later moved to the United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} to study communications at [[Drexel University]] in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} In 1998, she wrote a play called ''For Love of Biafra'', which was her initial exploration of the theme of war.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} These early works were written under the name Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Two years after moving to the United States, she transferred to [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] in [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], living with her sister Ijeoma, who was a medical doctor there.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} In 2000, Adichie published her short story "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} which discusses the problems that arise when a person is facing two cultures that are complete opposites from each other.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} After finishing her undergraduate degree, she continued studying and simultaneously pursuing a writing career.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} While a senior at Eastern Connecticut, she wrote articles for the university paper ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} She received her bachelor's degree ''[[summa cum laude]]'' with a major in political science and a minor in communications in 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} She earned a master's degree in creative writing from [[Johns Hopkins University]] in 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} and for the next two years was a Hodder Fellow at [[Princeton University]], where she taught introductory fiction.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} She began studying at [[Yale University]], and completed a second master's degree in [[African studies]] in 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] that same year,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} plus other academic prizes, including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ihe ndị o dere == * ''For Love of Biafra'', 1998<ref>{{Cite news|title=For Love of Biafra {{!}} play by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/For-Love-of-Biafra|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie {{!}} Open Library|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL877060W/For_love_of_Biafra|work=Open Library|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/925975179|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=For Love of Biafra|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/For_Love_of_Biafra.html?id=WSlaAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1998|isbn=978-978-029-032-0|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/925975179|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref> * ''That Harmattan Morning'', 2002<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/chimamanda-adichie/|work=international literature festival berlin|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaintro.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref> * ''Purple Hibiscus'', 2003<ref>{{Cite book|title=Purple Hibiscus|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purple_Hibiscus.html?id=ztCYPwAACAAJ|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|date=2003|isbn=978-0-00-718267-1|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Purple Hibiscus {{!}} novel by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Purple-Hibiscus|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Purple Hibiscus|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purple_Hibiscus.html?id=ztCYPwAACAAJ|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|date=2003|isbn=978-0-00-718267-1|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=de}}</ref> * ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', 2006<ref>{{Cite book|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun.html?id=-Bkrc1Fbm-EC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2008-11-12|isbn=978-0-307-48577-9|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Of A Yellow Sun – Narrative Landscape Press|url=https://www.narrativelandscape.com/product/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|date=2025-04-08|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun.html?id=J4bxP32E0QgC|publisher=Harper Perennial|date=2007|isbn=978-0-00-720028-3|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|edition=1. North American ed|title=Half of a yellow sun|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18749.Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun|publisher=Knopf|date=2006|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0|series=A Borzoi book|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''The Thing Around Your Neck'', 2009<ref>{{Cite book|title=THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LitCharts|url=https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-thing-around-your-neck/the-thing-around-your-neck|work=LitCharts|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://bookpeddler.ng/books/the-thing-around-your-neck-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=Bookpeddler|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Thing Around Your Neck|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Thing_Around_Your_Neck.html?id=dKVDAqs5x6oC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2009-06-16|isbn=978-0-307-27205-8|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Thing Around Your Neck – Rovingheights Books|url=https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/the-thing-around-your-neck/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Americanah'', 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie&oldid=1357902289|date=2026-06-05|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimananda Ngozi Adichie, "Americanah," 2013|url=https://kpfa.org/area941/episode/chimananda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-2013/|work=KPFA|date=2026-06-09|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Americanah {{!}} novel by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Americanah|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Americanah|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Americanah.html?id=_wZ1Rf1QQ_EC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2013-05-14|isbn=978-0-307-96212-6|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15796700-americanah|work=Goodreads|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''We Should All Be Feminists'', 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists - April 12, 2013|url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/communication/we-should-all-be-feminists-april-12-2013|work=awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists – Narrative Landscape Press|url=https://www.narrativelandscape.com/product/we-should-all-be-feminists/|work=www.narrativelandscape.com|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanbookaddict.com/2015/01/14/we-should-all-be-feminists-ebook-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Book Addict!|date=2015-01-14|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en|author=Darkowaa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=We Should All Be Feminists|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/We_Should_All_Be_Feminists.html?id=XHhTBAAAQBAJ|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|date=2014-10-09|isbn=978-0-00-811528-9|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminist – Rovingheights Books|url=https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/we-should-all-be-feminist/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị o meriri == [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|270px|Ms. magazine Cover, n'afọ 2014.]][[Usòrò:2020 - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (sq cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] * 2002 BBC Short Story Competition, ''That Harmattan Morning''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition {{!}} BBC Wa short story, in English, between 1800 and 2100 words long. orld Service|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/competition/story.shtml|work=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2005 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Africa category, ''Purple Hibiscus''<ref>{{Cite web|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Nation's Writers Dominate Commonwealth Prizes|url=http://allafrica.com:80/stories/201102070018.html|work=allafrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2018-10-15|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2007 Orange Broadband Prize: Fiction category, Shortlist, ''Half of a Yellow Sun''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/winners/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie wins Orange Prize|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2007/0607/410149-orange/|date=2007-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Half of a Yellow Sun’ wins Orange Prize {{!}} Books+Publishing|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2007/06/12/4468/half-of-a-yellow-sun-wins-orange-prize/|work=www.booksandpublishing.com.au|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-AU|author=Mem: 10457880}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2008 Reader's Digest Author of the Year Award<ref>{{Cite web|title=1.2: Education and Career|url=https://human.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Literature_Supplemental_Modules/Chimamanda_Adichie%3A_A_Research_Guide/01%3A_Biographical_and_Background_Information/1.02%3A_Education_and_Career|work=Humanities LibreTexts|date=2021-06-07|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Writer Review: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanliteraturereviews.wordpress.com/2014/06/10/writer-review-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Literature Reviews|date=2014-06-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Robinson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award: Fiction category, ''Americanah''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian Wins Prestigious U.S. Book Award|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00029503.html|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2013|url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2013/|work=National Book Critics Circle|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/americanah-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-summary-themes.html|work=study.com|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref> * 2014 Listed among Africa39 project of 39 writers aged under 40<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa39: We Have New Names|url=https://thenewinquiry.com/blog/africa39-we-have-new-names/|work=The New Inquiry|date=2014-11-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US|author=Aaron Bady}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Making lists: Africa39|url=https://africainwords.com/2014/04/10/making-lists-africa39/|date=2014-04-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Kate Wallis}}</ref> == Lekwazie ndi nke ozo bụ ndi édémédé akwụkwọ == * [[Chinụa Achebe]] * [[Adaora Lily Ulasi]] * [[Helon Habila]] * [[Lola Shoneyin]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] fxsmfs00asehtkowldc7avbgwd2thnn 688071 688070 2026-07-14T14:06:47Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndu na mmalite */ ntụgharị 688071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ihe ndị o dere == * ''For Love of Biafra'', 1998<ref>{{Cite news|title=For Love of Biafra {{!}} play by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/For-Love-of-Biafra|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie {{!}} Open Library|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL877060W/For_love_of_Biafra|work=Open Library|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/925975179|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=For Love of Biafra|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/For_Love_of_Biafra.html?id=WSlaAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1998|isbn=978-978-029-032-0|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/925975179|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref> * ''That Harmattan Morning'', 2002<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/chimamanda-adichie/|work=international literature festival berlin|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaintro.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref> * ''Purple Hibiscus'', 2003<ref>{{Cite book|title=Purple Hibiscus|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purple_Hibiscus.html?id=ztCYPwAACAAJ|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|date=2003|isbn=978-0-00-718267-1|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Purple Hibiscus {{!}} novel by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Purple-Hibiscus|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Purple Hibiscus|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purple_Hibiscus.html?id=ztCYPwAACAAJ|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|date=2003|isbn=978-0-00-718267-1|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=de}}</ref> * ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', 2006<ref>{{Cite book|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun.html?id=-Bkrc1Fbm-EC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2008-11-12|isbn=978-0-307-48577-9|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Of A Yellow Sun – Narrative Landscape Press|url=https://www.narrativelandscape.com/product/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|date=2025-04-08|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun.html?id=J4bxP32E0QgC|publisher=Harper Perennial|date=2007|isbn=978-0-00-720028-3|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|edition=1. North American ed|title=Half of a yellow sun|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18749.Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun|publisher=Knopf|date=2006|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0|series=A Borzoi book|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''The Thing Around Your Neck'', 2009<ref>{{Cite book|title=THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LitCharts|url=https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-thing-around-your-neck/the-thing-around-your-neck|work=LitCharts|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://bookpeddler.ng/books/the-thing-around-your-neck-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=Bookpeddler|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Thing Around Your Neck|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Thing_Around_Your_Neck.html?id=dKVDAqs5x6oC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2009-06-16|isbn=978-0-307-27205-8|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Thing Around Your Neck – Rovingheights Books|url=https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/the-thing-around-your-neck/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Americanah'', 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie&oldid=1357902289|date=2026-06-05|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimananda Ngozi Adichie, "Americanah," 2013|url=https://kpfa.org/area941/episode/chimananda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-2013/|work=KPFA|date=2026-06-09|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Americanah {{!}} novel by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Americanah|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Americanah|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Americanah.html?id=_wZ1Rf1QQ_EC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2013-05-14|isbn=978-0-307-96212-6|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15796700-americanah|work=Goodreads|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''We Should All Be Feminists'', 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists - April 12, 2013|url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/communication/we-should-all-be-feminists-april-12-2013|work=awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists – Narrative Landscape Press|url=https://www.narrativelandscape.com/product/we-should-all-be-feminists/|work=www.narrativelandscape.com|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanbookaddict.com/2015/01/14/we-should-all-be-feminists-ebook-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Book Addict!|date=2015-01-14|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en|author=Darkowaa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=We Should All Be Feminists|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/We_Should_All_Be_Feminists.html?id=XHhTBAAAQBAJ|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|date=2014-10-09|isbn=978-0-00-811528-9|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminist – Rovingheights Books|url=https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/we-should-all-be-feminist/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị o meriri == [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|270px|Ms. magazine Cover, n'afọ 2014.]][[Usòrò:2020 - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (sq cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] * 2002 BBC Short Story Competition, ''That Harmattan Morning''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition {{!}} BBC Wa short story, in English, between 1800 and 2100 words long. orld Service|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/competition/story.shtml|work=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2005 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Africa category, ''Purple Hibiscus''<ref>{{Cite web|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Nation's Writers Dominate Commonwealth Prizes|url=http://allafrica.com:80/stories/201102070018.html|work=allafrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2018-10-15|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2007 Orange Broadband Prize: Fiction category, Shortlist, ''Half of a Yellow Sun''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/winners/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie wins Orange Prize|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2007/0607/410149-orange/|date=2007-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Half of a Yellow Sun’ wins Orange Prize {{!}} Books+Publishing|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2007/06/12/4468/half-of-a-yellow-sun-wins-orange-prize/|work=www.booksandpublishing.com.au|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-AU|author=Mem: 10457880}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2008 Reader's Digest Author of the Year Award<ref>{{Cite web|title=1.2: Education and Career|url=https://human.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Literature_Supplemental_Modules/Chimamanda_Adichie%3A_A_Research_Guide/01%3A_Biographical_and_Background_Information/1.02%3A_Education_and_Career|work=Humanities LibreTexts|date=2021-06-07|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Writer Review: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanliteraturereviews.wordpress.com/2014/06/10/writer-review-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Literature Reviews|date=2014-06-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Robinson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award: Fiction category, ''Americanah''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian Wins Prestigious U.S. Book Award|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00029503.html|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2013|url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2013/|work=National Book Critics Circle|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/americanah-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-summary-themes.html|work=study.com|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref> * 2014 Listed among Africa39 project of 39 writers aged under 40<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa39: We Have New Names|url=https://thenewinquiry.com/blog/africa39-we-have-new-names/|work=The New Inquiry|date=2014-11-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US|author=Aaron Bady}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Making lists: Africa39|url=https://africainwords.com/2014/04/10/making-lists-africa39/|date=2014-04-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Kate Wallis}}</ref> == Lekwazie ndi nke ozo bụ ndi édémédé akwụkwọ == * [[Chinụa Achebe]] * [[Adaora Lily Ulasi]] * [[Helon Habila]] * [[Lola Shoneyin]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] oimoai3y9yfrsybw73odw6bz39qm0lw 688075 688071 2026-07-14T14:15:27Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndu na mmalite */ Copied from enwiki for linear translation 688075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị o dere == * ''For Love of Biafra'', 1998<ref>{{Cite news|title=For Love of Biafra {{!}} play by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/For-Love-of-Biafra|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie {{!}} Open Library|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL877060W/For_love_of_Biafra|work=Open Library|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/925975179|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=For Love of Biafra|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/For_Love_of_Biafra.html?id=WSlaAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Spectrum Books|date=1998|isbn=978-978-029-032-0|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=For love of Biafra {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/925975179|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref> * ''That Harmattan Morning'', 2002<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/chimamanda-adichie/|work=international literature festival berlin|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaintro.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref> * ''Purple Hibiscus'', 2003<ref>{{Cite book|title=Purple Hibiscus|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purple_Hibiscus.html?id=ztCYPwAACAAJ|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|date=2003|isbn=978-0-00-718267-1|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Purple Hibiscus {{!}} novel by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Purple-Hibiscus|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Purple Hibiscus|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Purple_Hibiscus.html?id=ztCYPwAACAAJ|publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill|date=2003|isbn=978-0-00-718267-1|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=de}}</ref> * ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', 2006<ref>{{Cite book|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun.html?id=-Bkrc1Fbm-EC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2008-11-12|isbn=978-0-307-48577-9|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Of A Yellow Sun – Narrative Landscape Press|url=https://www.narrativelandscape.com/product/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|date=2025-04-08|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun.html?id=J4bxP32E0QgC|publisher=Harper Perennial|date=2007|isbn=978-0-00-720028-3|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|edition=1. North American ed|title=Half of a yellow sun|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18749.Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun|publisher=Knopf|date=2006|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0|series=A Borzoi book|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''The Thing Around Your Neck'', 2009<ref>{{Cite book|title=THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LitCharts|url=https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-thing-around-your-neck/the-thing-around-your-neck|work=LitCharts|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://bookpeddler.ng/books/the-thing-around-your-neck-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=Bookpeddler|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Thing Around Your Neck|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Thing_Around_Your_Neck.html?id=dKVDAqs5x6oC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2009-06-16|isbn=978-0-307-27205-8|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Thing Around Your Neck – Rovingheights Books|url=https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/the-thing-around-your-neck/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Americanah'', 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie&oldid=1357902289|date=2026-06-05|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimananda Ngozi Adichie, "Americanah," 2013|url=https://kpfa.org/area941/episode/chimananda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-2013/|work=KPFA|date=2026-06-09|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Americanah {{!}} novel by Adichie {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Americanah|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Americanah|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Americanah.html?id=_wZ1Rf1QQ_EC|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2013-05-14|isbn=978-0-307-96212-6|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15796700-americanah|work=Goodreads|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''We Should All Be Feminists'', 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists - April 12, 2013|url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/communication/we-should-all-be-feminists-april-12-2013|work=awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists – Narrative Landscape Press|url=https://www.narrativelandscape.com/product/we-should-all-be-feminists/|work=www.narrativelandscape.com|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanbookaddict.com/2015/01/14/we-should-all-be-feminists-ebook-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Book Addict!|date=2015-01-14|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en|author=Darkowaa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=We Should All Be Feminists|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/We_Should_All_Be_Feminists.html?id=XHhTBAAAQBAJ|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|date=2014-10-09|isbn=978-0-00-811528-9|language=en|author=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=We Should All Be Feminist – Rovingheights Books|url=https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/we-should-all-be-feminist/|accessdate=2026-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe ndị o meriri == [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|270px|Ms. magazine Cover, n'afọ 2014.]][[Usòrò:2020 - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (sq cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] * 2002 BBC Short Story Competition, ''That Harmattan Morning''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition {{!}} BBC Wa short story, in English, between 1800 and 2100 words long. orld Service|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/competition/story.shtml|work=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2005 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Africa category, ''Purple Hibiscus''<ref>{{Cite web|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Nation's Writers Dominate Commonwealth Prizes|url=http://allafrica.com:80/stories/201102070018.html|work=allafrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2018-10-15|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2007 Orange Broadband Prize: Fiction category, Shortlist, ''Half of a Yellow Sun''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/winners/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie wins Orange Prize|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2007/0607/410149-orange/|date=2007-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Half of a Yellow Sun’ wins Orange Prize {{!}} Books+Publishing|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2007/06/12/4468/half-of-a-yellow-sun-wins-orange-prize/|work=www.booksandpublishing.com.au|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-AU|author=Mem: 10457880}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2008 Reader's Digest Author of the Year Award<ref>{{Cite web|title=1.2: Education and Career|url=https://human.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Literature_Supplemental_Modules/Chimamanda_Adichie%3A_A_Research_Guide/01%3A_Biographical_and_Background_Information/1.02%3A_Education_and_Career|work=Humanities LibreTexts|date=2021-06-07|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Writer Review: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanliteraturereviews.wordpress.com/2014/06/10/writer-review-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Literature Reviews|date=2014-06-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Robinson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award: Fiction category, ''Americanah''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian Wins Prestigious U.S. Book Award|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00029503.html|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2013|url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2013/|work=National Book Critics Circle|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/americanah-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-summary-themes.html|work=study.com|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref> * 2014 Listed among Africa39 project of 39 writers aged under 40<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa39: We Have New Names|url=https://thenewinquiry.com/blog/africa39-we-have-new-names/|work=The New Inquiry|date=2014-11-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US|author=Aaron Bady}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Making lists: Africa39|url=https://africainwords.com/2014/04/10/making-lists-africa39/|date=2014-04-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Kate Wallis}}</ref> == Lekwazie ndi nke ozo bụ ndi édémédé akwụkwọ == * [[Chinụa Achebe]] * [[Adaora Lily Ulasi]] * [[Helon Habila]] * [[Lola Shoneyin]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] dn0i8njmj0y36japh6697vec2n4fvfu 688076 688075 2026-07-14T14:17:15Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ụdị na isiokwu */ Copied from enwiki for linear translation 688076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Ihe ndị o meriri == [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|270px|Ms. magazine Cover, n'afọ 2014.]][[Usòrò:2020 - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (sq cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] * 2002 BBC Short Story Competition, ''That Harmattan Morning''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Adichie, a growing literary prodigy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/|work=Vanguard News|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-GB|author=vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition {{!}} BBC Wa short story, in English, between 1800 and 2100 words long. orld Service|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/competition/story.shtml|work=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2005 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Africa category, ''Purple Hibiscus''<ref>{{Cite web|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Nation's Writers Dominate Commonwealth Prizes|url=http://allafrica.com:80/stories/201102070018.html|work=allafrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Bio|url=http://adichieauthorstudy.weebly.com/author-bio.html|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Author Study|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SwissEduc - English - Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: *1977|url=https://www.swisseduc.ch/english/readinglist/adichie_chimamanda/hibiscus/|work=www.swisseduc.ch|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2018-10-15|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2007 Orange Broadband Prize: Fiction category, Shortlist, ''Half of a Yellow Sun''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/winners/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie wins Orange Prize|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2007/0607/410149-orange/|date=2007-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Half of a Yellow Sun’ wins Orange Prize {{!}} Books+Publishing|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2007/06/12/4468/half-of-a-yellow-sun-wins-orange-prize/|work=www.booksandpublishing.com.au|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-AU|author=Mem: 10457880}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Half of a Yellow Sun|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/half-of-a-yellow-sun/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2008 Reader's Digest Author of the Year Award<ref>{{Cite web|title=1.2: Education and Career|url=https://human.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Literature_Supplemental_Modules/Chimamanda_Adichie%3A_A_Research_Guide/01%3A_Biographical_and_Background_Information/1.02%3A_Education_and_Career|work=Humanities LibreTexts|date=2021-06-07|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Writer Review: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://africanliteraturereviews.wordpress.com/2014/06/10/writer-review-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|work=African Literature Reviews|date=2014-06-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Robinson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website|url=http://www.cerep.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html|work=www.cerep.ulg.ac.be|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> * 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award: Fiction category, ''Americanah''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian Wins Prestigious U.S. Book Award|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00029503.html|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2013|url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2013/|work=National Book Critics Circle|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Americanah|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/americanah/|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/americanah-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-summary-themes.html|work=study.com|accessdate=2026-06-09}}</ref> * 2014 Listed among Africa39 project of 39 writers aged under 40<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa39: We Have New Names|url=https://thenewinquiry.com/blog/africa39-we-have-new-names/|work=The New Inquiry|date=2014-11-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US|author=Aaron Bady}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Making lists: Africa39|url=https://africainwords.com/2014/04/10/making-lists-africa39/|date=2014-04-10|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en|author=Kate Wallis}}</ref> == Lekwazie ndi nke ozo bụ ndi édémédé akwụkwọ == * [[Chinụa Achebe]] * [[Adaora Lily Ulasi]] * [[Helon Habila]] * [[Lola Shoneyin]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] lzaig1yymkh05jzkyy8iddfxgk1zibq 688078 688076 2026-07-14T14:18:30Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Echiche */ copied from enwiki for linear translation 688078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Lekwazie ndi nke ozo bụ ndi édémédé akwụkwọ == * [[Chinụa Achebe]] * [[Adaora Lily Ulasi]] * [[Helon Habila]] * [[Lola Shoneyin]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] fuxc970rhslb3nyy5c66pngwtd4a7h4 688079 688078 2026-07-14T14:19:41Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndụ nkeonwe */ Copied from enwiki for translation 688079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] rbsoomsf1esgnv2a7xexuig68k4dysg 688080 688079 2026-07-14T14:21:45Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndụ nkeonwe */ copied from enwikipedia for translation 688080 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] b9694fa0evisg8ch1neyme76v0ma3lv 688125 688080 2026-07-14T21:52:35Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Links n'aga n'ezi */ ndezi 688125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 557yky2n20y4q1endqcm5x2n0lq3cz2 688126 688125 2026-07-14T21:53:23Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Edensibia */ + 688126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] awu5uj8fv6ik23vdjfupk1z0u73jiyz 688129 688126 2026-07-14T21:55:10Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Citations */ + 688129 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 8i6j27qqvf4x3ch35501t8rsca8lxwt 688130 688129 2026-07-14T21:56:13Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Sources */ + 688130 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] rxu5wj86hf0gu5xvfb7kidn6zw3m7t2 688131 688130 2026-07-14T21:57:54Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Sources */ + 688131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] moxkm317cs7xmkyq51uu1njkt4sbwvr 688133 688131 2026-07-14T21:58:42Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Sources */ + 688133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120233922/https://www.volkskrant.nl/cultuur-media/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~bd0661ea/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 2p1v3g2ixs60e38af21gn4iooked0n4 688140 688133 2026-07-14T22:42:30Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Sources */ + 688140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 40h0s8lz9bzv62ubgqr8jr9u5ka1jyf 688141 688140 2026-07-14T22:45:41Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Sources */ + 688141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == {{Main|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bibliography}} === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] abzta1ui0uirxszckhneb1q753utfax 688143 688141 2026-07-14T22:52:17Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndekọ akwụkwọ */ ndezi 688143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Novels === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Short story collections === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Memoirs === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nonfiction books === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 29utotkpe4adx458j7layi6ql4eb6cf 688144 688143 2026-07-14T22:54:06Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndekọ akwụkwọ */ Ndezi 688144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/934358840/8aaff2c36c5045e4cdc228b043634b53d27f|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2026-06-07}}</ref> Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] jj6un203wsvb5a1taz474uh63uaop1o 688145 688144 2026-07-14T22:54:49Z SafariScribe 18560 /* */ Wepụ edensibia n'ezighi ezi 688145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Literary debut and publication struggle=== While studying in the US, Adichie started researching and writing her first novel, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She sent her manuscript to publishing houses and literary agents, who either rejected it or requested that she change the setting from Africa to America, so as to make it more familiar to a broader range of readers. Eventually, Djana Pearson Morris, a literary agent working at Pearson Morris and Belt Literary Management, accepted the manuscript.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Although the agent recognized that marketing would be challenging, since Adichie was Black but neither African-American nor Caribbean, she submitted it to publishers until it was eventually accepted and published by [[Algonquin Books]], a small independent company, in 2003. In 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] published the novel in the United Kingdom, while [[Kachifo Limited]] published it in Nigeria.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} During those time, Adichie hired literary agent Sarah Chalfant of the [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Wylie Agency]] to represent her. ''Purple Hibiscus'' has been translated into more than forty languages.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] svn3drm8rwenbinqfhsxbvuixxaryh6 688146 688145 2026-07-14T22:56:07Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta */ Ntụgharị 688146 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: publication of ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; public speaking success=== After her first novel, Adichie began writing her second one ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', on which she worked for four years. Because the novel expands on the Biafran conflict during the [[Nigerian Civil War]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie employed her father's memories of the Biafran War, as well as reading books, including [[Buchi Emecheta]]{{`}}s 1982 novel ''[[Destination Biafra]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} The novel was first published in 2006 by [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], a trade-paperback imprint of [[Alfred A. Knopf]], who also released the book later under its Vintage Canada label. It was published in France as {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} in 2008, by [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} While completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships in 2008, Adichie started compiling short stories that she had already published in magazines.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Twelve of the stories were collected in her third book and first short-story collection, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', which was published by Knopf in 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} In the same year, she delivered a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled "[[The Danger of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} On 15 March 2012, Adichie became the youngest person to deliver a [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} The presentation was given at the [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in London, addressing the theme "Connecting Cultures".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Also in 2012, she delivered a talk titled "[[We Should All Be Feminists (talk)|We Should All Be Feminists]]" for TEDxEuston in London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] jks5mdpi7zwa7i8gi8w8h7cpvrw0umb 688147 688146 2026-07-14T22:59:40Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2006–2012: mbipụta nke Half of a Yellow Sun na The Thing Around Your Neck; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha */ ntụgharị 688147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–present: Children's book publication, career expansion=== In 2020, Adichie published "Zikora", a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood,{{sfn|Law|2020}} and an essay titled "Notes on Grief" in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', after her father's death. She expanded the essay into a [[Notes on Grief|book of the same name]] that was published by [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] the following year.{{sfn|Flood|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} In 2020, Adichie adapted and published ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' in an edition for children, illustrated by Leire Salaberria.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} Translations of it were authorised for publication in Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} She gave a keynote address at the 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Future Conference) in [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} She was the keynote speaker of the 2021 Reykjavik International Literature Festival held in the {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} cinema at the [[University of Iceland]], and presented the talk "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the [[BBC]]'s 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], inspired by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s "[[Four Freedoms]]" speech.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie spent a year and a half working on her first children's book, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', which was written in 2019 and was published in 2023 by [[HarperCollins]] under the pseudonym Nwa Grace James.{{efn|The pseudonym "Nwa Grace James was a dedication by Adichie to her parents, as Nwa means "child of" in Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Illustrations for the book were by Joelle Avelino, a Congolese-Angolan illustrator.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} In 2025, Adichie published the novel ''[[Dream Count]]'', a novel about four African women whose lives intertwine as they face love, loss, and resilience across Nigeria and America''.'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 March 2025 |title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following the release of her novel Dream Count, Adichie embarked on a homecoming tour across Nigeria, with major events held in Lagos (June 27), Abuja (July 3), and Enugu (July 5). These events, which drew thousands of attendees, featured live readings, fireside discussions, and audience Q&A sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Embarks on Homecoming Tour for “Dream Count” - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> As part of her tour, Adichie served as a keynote speaker at the [[Things Fall Apart Festival|Things Fall apart Festival]]. An annual literary and cultural festival celebrating the 67th anniversary of Chinua Achebe’s 1958 novel ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ in Enugu, Nigeria. At the closing ceremony, she gave a speech on the preservation of the Igbo language, culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘We must unite’: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s rallying cry at Nigerian literature festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] k324yni7wv5wuhzaqu1t5gepozx71my 688148 688147 2026-07-14T23:00:57Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ */ Ntụgharị 688148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} Na 2020, Adichie gbanwere ma bipụta ''[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ nwanyị]]''' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara Nwa Grace James.{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace James bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "nwa nke" n'asụsụ Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye na-ese ihe osise Congo-Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} Na 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị Africa anọ bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.'' <ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Dream Count, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5). Ihe omume ndị a, nke dọtara ọtụtụ puku ndị bịara, gosipụtara ọgụgụ ndụ, mkparịta ụka ọkụ, na nnọkọ ajụjụ na azịza ndị na-ege ntị.<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Gara Aga Njem Ịbịa Ụlọ Maka "Nrọ Ọnụọgụ" - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ Ememme |Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ Ememme]]. Ememme akwụkwọ na omenala kwa afọ nke na-eme emume ncheta afọ 67 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Chinua Achebe nke afọ 1958 bụ ‘Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ’ na Enugu, Naịjirịa. N'emume mmechi ahụ, o kwuru okwu gbasara nchekwa asụsụ, omenala na njirimara Igbo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 0vvp7gkdmfh5wk7n1ueq0suic930kxh 688150 688148 2026-07-14T23:02:23Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ */ Ndezi 688150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} Na 2020, Adichie gbanwere ma bipụta ''[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ nwanyị]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara Nwa Grace James.{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace James bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "nwa nke" n'asụsụ Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye na-ese ihe osise Congo-Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} Na 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị Africa anọ bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.'' <ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Dream Count, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5). Ihe omume ndị a, nke dọtara ọtụtụ puku ndị bịara, gosipụtara ọgụgụ ndụ, mkparịta ụka ọkụ, na nnọkọ ajụjụ na azịza ndị na-ege ntị.<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobiloba |first=Bakare |date=2025-06-07 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Gara Aga Njem Ịbịa Ụlọ Maka "Nrọ Ọnụọgụ" - JAY Lit |url=https://jaylit.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-embarks-on-homecoming-tour-for-dream-count/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ Ememme |Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ Ememme]]. Ememme akwụkwọ na omenala kwa afọ nke na-eme emume ncheta afọ 67 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Chinua Achebe nke afọ 1958 bụ ‘Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ’ na Enugu, Naịjirịa. N'emume mmechi ahụ, o kwuru okwu gbasara nchekwa asụsụ, omenala na njirimara Igbo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] tgjldzh0w1mtdf19vb0j2g2ltitn1qw 688151 688150 2026-07-14T23:03:46Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ */ ce 688151 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} Na 2020, Adichie gbanwere ma bipụta ''[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ nwanyị]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara Nwa Grace James.{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace James bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "nwa nke" n'asụsụ Igbo.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye na-ese ihe osise Congo-Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} Na 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị Africa anọ bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.'' <ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ ''Dream Count'', Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5). Ihe omume ndị a, nke dọtara ọtụtụ puku ndị bịara, gosipụtara ọgụgụ ndụ, mkparịta ụka ọkụ, na nnọkọ ajụjụ na azịza ndị na-ege ntị.<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ Ememme |Ihe Ndị Na-ada Apụ Ememme]]. Ememme akwụkwọ na omenala kwa afọ nke na-eme emume ncheta afọ 67 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Chinua Achebe nke afọ 1958 bụ [[Things Fall Apart Festival]] na Enugu, Naịjirịa. N'emume mmechi ahụ, o kwuru okwu gbasara nchekwa asụsụ, omenala na njirimara Igbo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] ph6ve03rwmhvbptm95owt71psdwyrbp 688153 688151 2026-07-14T23:11:19Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ */ ndezi 688153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' and ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' success and feminism=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Woman sitting at a table signing books, surrounded by a crowd of other people|Adichie at the reading and signing of her work ''[[Americanah]]'' in [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Adichie's third novel ''[[Americanah]]'' was published on 14 May 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} It was published in France by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} She was a visiting writer at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]] in 2014. The Renowned African Writers/African and African Diaspora Artists Visit Series required her to engage with students and teachers from high schools and universities, patrons of the local public library, and the community at large in forums, workshops, and lectures that discussed ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', and her personal writing experiences. Clips from her talks "The Danger of a Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists" were aired at some of the events and discussed in the question-and-answer segment following her varied presentations.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} In 2015, Adichie delivered a commencement address for [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} She co-curated the 2015 [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] in New York City, along with festival director Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} She ended the festival with her "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" lecture on censorship and opposition to injustices.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} In 2015, Adichie wrote an email to a friend and later posted it on [[Facebook]] in 2016. Comments on the post convinced her to turn the post to a book, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} which was published in 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} In 2016, she was invited by the [[BBC]] to appear on ''[[Newsnight]]'' and give her thoughts on the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump]]. When she arrived at the studio, she was informed that the format would be a debate between her and [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], a Trump supporter and the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative magazine.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Tempted to walk out of the interview, she decided to continue because she wanted to discuss her views on how economic disenfranchisement had led to Trump's victory.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} The debate turned adversarial when Tyrrell said: "I do not respond emotionally like this lady,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} and then declared that "Trump hasn't been a racist".{{sfn|''The Root''|2016}} Adichie countered his statements, as an example citing Trump's statement that Judge [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] could not be impartial in the case ''[[Trump University#Low v. Trump University, LLC|Low v. Trump University]]'' because of his Mexican heritage.{{sfn |''The Root''|2016}} After the debate, she wrote on her Facebook page that she felt ambushed by the BBC and that they had "sneakily [pitted her] against a Trump supporter" to create adversarial entertainment. In response, the BBC issued an apology for not informing her of the nature of the interview, but claimed that they had designed the programme to offer a balanced perspective.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Woman standing at a podium. There is a tablet on the podium from which she is reading.|left|thumb|Adichie at the speaker's podium during the {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, in 2020]] Adichie delivered the second annual Eudora Welty Lecture on 8 November 2017 at the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} That year, she also spoke at the Foreign Affairs Symposium held at Johns Hopkins University on the fragility of optimism in the face of the current political climate.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie and [[Hillary Clinton]] delivered the 2018 PEN World Voices Festival, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture at [[Cooper Union]] in Manhattan. Although the speech was centered on feminism and censorship, Adichie's questioning of why Clinton's [[Twitter]] profile began with "wife" instead of her own accomplishments became the focus of media attention,{{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} prompting Clinton to change her Twitter bio.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Later that year, she spoke at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] in Germany about breaking the cycles which silence women's voices.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} In 2019, as part of the Chancellor's Lecture Series, she gave the speech "Writer, Thinker, Feminist: Vignettes from Life" at [[Vanderbilt University]]'s Langford Auditorium. The speech focused on her development as a storyteller, and her motives for addressing systemic inequalities to create a more inclusive world.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie has been the keynote speaker at numerous global conferences.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} In 2018, she spoke at the seventh annual International Igbo Conference.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} She delivered an address at the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] in 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} She spoke on violence at the inaugural Gabriel García Márquez Lecture in [[Cartagena, Colombia]] in the same year.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie was the first African to speak at [[Yale University]]'s Class Day, where she gave a lecture in 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] ccunxrxzqyx2y3dgjda2369uttcdyqm 688154 688153 2026-07-14T23:15:03Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2013–2019: Americanah na Ezigbo Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ Ihe ngosi ụmụ nwanyị n'ime aro iri na ise ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị */ + 688154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Ezigbo Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ Ihe ngosi ụmụ nwanyị n'ime aro iri na ise'' ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] clso7vpry7li046m45n0adi0i8jg5iw 688155 688154 2026-07-14T23:16:08Z SafariScribe 18560 /* 2013–2019: Americanah na Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị */ ndezi 688155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye [[Catholic]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} During her childhood, her family's parish was St. Paul's Catholic Church in Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} She primarily lives in the US, where she has [[Green card|permanent resident status]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} but also maintains a home in Nigeria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} In 2009, she married Nigerian doctor Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} They have three children; their daughter was born in 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} and twin boys in 2024, as Adichie revealed in an interview with British newspaper ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} According to her, the latter offspring were carried by a [[Surrogacy|surrogate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Helena |date=5 March 2025 |title='I like to think of literature as my religion': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie returns with ''Dream Count'' |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> One of the twins, Nkanu Nnamdi, died on 7 January 2026 at the age of 21 months, following an illness.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son |newspaper=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=8 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glynn |first=Paul |date=8 January 2026 |title=Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 'devastated' by death of young son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Adichie cited the cause of her son's death as the medical negligence by Euracare Hospital in [[Lagos]], where Nkanu was admitted. Part of the negligence, according to her, included oxygen denial, and the sedation of the child, which led to cardiac arrest. The hospital expressed their condolences to the family, but denied the allegations.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} An [[inquest]] into the death of her son was set to begin on 14 April 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-26 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o |first=Chris |last=Ewokor |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The inquest was later suspended as a result of an unexpected intervention by the Lagos State attorney general.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oduah |first=Henry |date=2026-05-05 |title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2026-05-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 May 2015, Adichie's father was kidnapped and was later released some days later.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Adichie | first=Chimamanda Ngozi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping | website=The New York Times | date=30 May 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&_r=1 | access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Akinkugbe | first=Oladipo | title=My father was targeted because of me, says Chimamanda |newspaper=[[TheCable]]| date=31 May 2015 | url=https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | access-date=7 March 2025 | archive-date=12 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312091733/https://www.thecable.ng/father-targeted-says-chimamanda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Her father died of kidney failure in 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} and her mother died in 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] tvmahcxcqi493giml8eb519gjf5sx3j 688156 688155 2026-07-14T23:18:25Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndụ nkeonwe */ ntụgharị 688156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19 na-efe efe]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] d5mgatqa1qe5sbpfb0v4djdcyduq91n 688157 688156 2026-07-14T23:19:01Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Ndụ nkeonwe */ Ndezi 688157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na [[Enugu]]. O gara akwụkwọ mahadum na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]] di na obodo [[Nsukka]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afo na ọkara wee guo akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapuru Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, Ọ bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ogukwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]; ha niile di na mba Amerika. Otutu n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie dere nwéré ngalaba ndị bi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azuru ya na ntakiri. Obu mgbe ọ na agụ Akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Oburu ụzọ dee akwukwo ábu ana akpọ ''Decisions'' (1997), nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' (1998). Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe odechara ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ nke izizi odere. Adichie eweela otutu akwụkwọ ma kpọọ [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndú ya. Ihe ndị odere gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndoro jikotara ndị ojii na ndị ọcha, okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu oha. Onyela otutu okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo na mahadum di iche ichè, okachasi na [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Onyere okwu [[TEDx]] ana akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" (2009) ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012). Ụfọdụ okwu ya bu ihé onye na eti egwú [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ọhụrụ ana akpọ ''*Flawless''. Adichie aturula otutu asambodo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ. O nwetara MacArthur Fellowship n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata ya na otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences n'afọ 2017. == Ndu na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ áhà oyibo, Grace<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwa nke ise na [[Enugu]], Nigeria, site na aka nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] bụ onye Abba di na [[Anambra]] ma nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe bụ onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya, onye gụrụ mathematics na [[University College, Ibadan]], tupu ọgụchara akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} ma kpọrọ ya wee jee [[Berkeley, California]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD ya na [[University of California]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha no na [[United States]], nne na nna Adichie nwéré ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na mahadum [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum ya n'afọ 1964, na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. Mgbe ọgụchara, ọ nwetara ngalaba na sociology ya na anthropology nke sitere na University of Nigeria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967. Mgbe áhụ, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na University nke Nigeria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi na University nke Nigeria. O mechara buru [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi University nke Nigeria, n'ụlọ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asusu bekee,{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} okachasi nke [[Enid Blyton]]. Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara [[African literature|Africa]]. Ọgụrụ akwụkwọ tụmadi ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe dere,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]] dere,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, and ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ọgbaghara na obodo Abba, ọ hụ gara ulo gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara juputara na ala. Ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn, Adichie bugara aha ya na bekee site na Grace gaa n' Amanda. Ọbụ aha a k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya nke mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite akwụkwọ na mgba mbipụta=== Mgbe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere inyocha ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} O zigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na onye nnọchi anya ahụ ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike, ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Asụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta nke ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' na ''The Thing Around Your Neck''; ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara n'ọgụ Biafra n'oge [[Agha Obodo Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri ihe nna ya chetara Agha Biafra mee ihe, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na mbụ na 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage Canada ya. E bipụtara ya na France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} na 2008, site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur na 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara na 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o mere [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''; ihe ịga nke ọma na ikike ụmụ nwanyị=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie nke atọ ''[[Americanah]]''' bipụtara na 14 Mee 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{Kwuo akụkọ |last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Crite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Kwuo web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie uses both Igbo and English in her works,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} with Igbo phrases shown in italics, followed by the English translation.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} She uses metaphors to trigger sensory experiences,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} for example, the arrival of a king to challenge colonial and religious leaders in ''Purple Hibiscus'' symbolises [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Her use of language referencing Achebe's ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' invokes the memories of his work to her readers.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} Similarly, the name of Kambili, a character in ''Purple Hibiscus'', evokes "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Live and Let Live"), the title of a song by Igbo musician [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} To describe pre- and post-war conditions, she moves from good to worse as seen in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', in which one of her characters begins by opening the refrigerator and sees oranges, beer, and a "roasted shimmering chicken". These contrast to later in the novel where one of her characters dies of starvation, and others are forced to eat powdered eggs and lizards.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie usually uses real places and historic figures to draw readers into her stories.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} In developing characters, Adichie often exaggerates attitudes to contrast the differences between traditional and western cultures.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Her stories often point out failed cultures, particularly those which leave her characters in a limbo between bad options.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} At times, she creates a character as an oversimplified [[archetype]] of a particular aspect of cultural behaviour to create a [[Foil (narrative)|foil]] for a more complex character.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Igbo tradition ==== Adichie gives her characters common names for an intended ethnicity, such as [[Muhammad (name)|Mohammed]] for a Muslim character.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} For Igbo characters, she invents names that convey Igbo naming traditions and depict the character's traits, personality, and social connections.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} For example, in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', the character's name Ọlanna literally means "God's Gold", but Nwankwọ points out that {{lang|ig|ọla}} means precious and {{lang|ig|nna}} means father (which can be understood as either God the father or a parent).{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} By shunning popular Igbo names, Adichie intentionally imbues her characters with multi-ethnic, gender-plural, global personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} She typically does not use English names for African characters but, when she does, it is a device to represent negative traits or behaviours.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie draws on figures from Igbo oral tradition to present facts in the style of [[historical fiction]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} She breaks with tradition in a way that contrasts with traditional African literature, given that women writers were often absent from the Nigerian [[Canon (basic principle)|literary canon]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} and female characters were often overlooked or served as supporting material for male characters who were engaged in the socio-political and economic life of the community.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Her style often focuses on strong women and adds a gendered perspective to topics previously explored by other authors, such as colonialism, religion, and power relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie often separates characters into social classes to illustrate social ambiguities and traditional hierarchies.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} By using narratives from characters of different segments of society, as she reiterates in her TED talk, "The Danger of a Single Story", she conveys the message that there is no single truth about the past.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie is encouraging her readers to recognise their own responsibility to one another, and the injustice that exists in the world.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Nigerian scholar Stanley Ordu classifies Adichie's feminism as [[Womanism|womanist]] because her analysis of patriarchal systems goes beyond sexist treatment of women and [[Misandry|anti-male bias]], looking instead at socio-economic, political and racial struggles women face to survive and cooperate with men.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} For example, in ''Purple Hibiscus'', the character Auntie Ifeoma embodies a womanist view through making all family members to work as a team and with consensus, so that each person's talents are utilised to their highest potential.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} In both her written works and public speaking, Adichie incorporates humour, and uses [[anecdote]]s, irony and satire to underscore a particular point of view.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie has increasingly developed a contemporary [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] view of gender issues, becoming less interested in the way the West sees Africa and more interested in how Africa sees itself.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Themes === Adichie, in a 2011 conversation with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]], stated that the overriding theme of her works was love.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Using the feminist argument "[[The personal is political]]", love in her works is typically expressed through cultural identity, personal identity and the human condition, and how social and political conflict impact all three.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie frequently explores the intersections of class, culture, gender, (post-)imperialism, power, race and religion.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Struggle is a predominant theme throughout African literature,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} and her works follow that tradition by examining families, communities, and relationships.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Her explorations go beyond political strife and the struggle for rights, and typically examine humanity.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Many of her writings deal with the way her characters reconcile themselves with trauma in their lives{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} and how they move from being silenced and voiceless to self-empowered and able to tell their own stories.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Adichie's works generally examine cultural identity,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} especially Igbo identity which celebrate the Igbo language and [[Igbo culture|culture]], and illustrate African patriotism, in general.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Her writing is an intentional dialogue with the West, intent on reclaiming African dignity and humanity.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} A recurring theme in Adichie's works is the Biafran War. The war was a "defining moment" in the post-colonial history of Nigeria, and examining the conflict dramatises the way in which the country's identity was shaped. ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', her major work on the war, highlights how policies, corruption, religious dogmatism and strife played into the expulsion of the Igbo population and then forced their reintegration into the nation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Both actions had consequences, and Adichie presents the war as an unhealed wound because of political leaders' reluctance to address the issues that sparked it.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} The University of Nigeria, Nsukka reappears in Adichie's novels to illustrate the transformative nature of education in developing political consciousness, and symbolises the stimulation of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African consciousness]] and a desire for independence in ''Half of a Yellow Sun''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Reimagining Nigeria, Redefining the World |url=https://www.getunruly.com/articles/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reimagining-nigeria-redefining-the-world |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.getunruly.com}}</ref> It appeared in both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and ''Americanah'' as the site of resistance to authoritarian rule through [[civil disobedience]] and [[Protest|dissent]] by students.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} The university teaches the colonial accounts of history and develops the means to contest its distortions through [[Traditional knowledge|indigenous knowledge]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} by recognising that colonial literature tells only part of the story and minimises African contributions.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie illustrates this in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when mathematics instructor {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, explains to his houseboy, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, that he will learn in school that the [[Niger River]] was discovered by a white man named [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], although the indigenous people had fished the river for generations. However, Odenigbo cautions Ugwu that, even though the story of Park's discovery is false, he must use the wrong answer or he will fail his exam.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Adichie's works about [[African diaspora]] consistently examine themes of belonging, adaptation and discrimination.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} This is often shown as an obsession to assimilate and is demonstrated by characters changing their names,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} a common theme in Adiche's short fiction, which serves to point out hypocrisy.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} By using the theme of immigration, she is able to develop dialogue on how her characters' perceptions and identity are changed by living abroad and encountering different cultural norms.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} In ''Dear Ijeawele or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'' she evaluates themes of identity that recur in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' such as stereotypical perceptions of Black women's physical appearance, their hair and their objectification.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} ''Dear Ijeawele'' stresses the political importance of using African names,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} rejecting [[Discrimination based on skin tone|colorism]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} exercising freedom of expression in how they wear their hair (including rejecting patronising curiosity about it){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} and avoiding [[commodification]], such as marriageability tests, which reduce a woman's worth to that of a prize, seeing only her value as a man's wife.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Her women characters repeatedly resist being defined by stereotypes and embody a quest for women's empowerment.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Adichie's works often deal with inter-generational explorations of family units, allowing her to examine differing experiences of oppression and liberation. In both ''Purple Hibiscus'' and "[[The Headstrong Historian]]", Adichie examined these themes using the family as a miniature representation of violence.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Female sexuality, both within patriarchal marriage relationships and outside of marriage, is a theme that Adichie typically uses to explore romantic complexities and boundaries. Her work discusses homosexuality in the context of marital affairs in stories such as "Transition to Glory", and taboo topics such as romantic feelings for clergy in ''Purple Hibiscus'', as well as the seduction of a friend's boyfriend in "Light Skin". Miscarriage,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} motherhood and the struggles of womanhood are recurring themes in Adichie's works, and are often examined in relation to Christianity, [[patriarchy]], and social expectation.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} For example, in the short story "Zikora", she deals with the interlocking biological, cultural and political aspects of becoming a mother and expectations placed upon women.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} The story examines the failure of contraception and an unexpected pregnancy, abandonment by her partner, single motherhood, social pressure and Zikora's identity crisis, and the various emotions she experiences about becoming a mother.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Recurrent themes are forgiveness and betrayal, as in ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', when Olanna forgives her lover's infidelity, or Ifemelu's decision to separate from her boyfriend in ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie's examination of war shines a light on how both sides of any conflict commit atrocities and neither side is blameless for the unfolding violence. Her narrative demonstrates that knowledge and understanding of diverse classes and ethnic groups is necessary to create harmonious multi-ethnic communities.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Other forms of violence are repeated themes in ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''The Thing Around Your Neck'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} these themes symbolise the universality of power, or the impact and manifestation in society of its misuse.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Fashion === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, in a 2014 article written for ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} wrote that "women who wanted to be taken seriously were supposed to substantiate their seriousness with a studied indifference to appearance."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} According to her, the western concept contrasted with her Nigerian upbringing where one's attention to fashion and style correlates to the amount of prestige and respectability he/she will be given by society.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} She stated that people are judged the way they dress.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Acknowledging the relationship between beauty, fashion, style and socio-political inequalities, Adichie became committed to promoting [[body positivity]] as a means to acquire [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Adichie was included on ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{`}}s 2016 [[International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List|International Best-Dressed List]], and cited [[Michelle Obama]] as her style idol.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} That year, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], the first female creative director of French fashion company [[Dior]], featured in her debut collection a T-shirt with the title of Adichie's TED talk, "We Should All Be Feminists".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} Adichie was surprised to learn that Dior had never had a woman rule its creative division and agreed to a collaboration with Chiuri, who invited her as an honoured guest to sit in the front-row of the company's spring runway show during the 2016 [[Paris Fashion Week]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar stated that Adichie often challenges feminist stereotypes through references to fashion. He stated that allowing Dior to feature her text was a skillful way to use various media forms to not only deliver political messaging, but also to develop her image as a multi-faceted intellectual, literary and fashionable "transmedia phenomenon".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} She became the face of [[Boots (company)#No. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|No.7]], a makeup brand division of British drugstore retailer [[Boots (company)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} In her 2016 Facebook post ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', Adichie argued that minimising femininity and its expression through fashion and makeup is "part of a culture of sexism".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} On 8 May 2017, Adichie announced her "Wear Nigerian" campaign on her Facebook page.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} She set up an [[Instagram]] account that her nieces Chisom and Amaka managed,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} and gained around 600,000 followers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} According to Adichie, her goal was to help protect Nigeria's cultural heritage by showcasing the quality of craftsmanship and use of innovative hand-made techniques, materials and textiles being used by Nigerian designers.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} She won a [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] in 2018 for the campaign,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} and in 2019 was selected as one of 15 women to appear on the cover of ''[[British Vogue]]'' in an issue guest-edited by [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} In a 2021 discussion at [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] with the former Chancellor of Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], and journalists [[Miriam Meckel]] and [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie said that she often uses fashion to educate people about diversity.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Religion === Although Adichie was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> As sectarian tensions in Nigeria arose between Christians and Muslims in 2012, she urged leaders to preach messages of peace and togetherness.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie stated that her relationship to Catholicism is complicated because she identifies culturally as Catholic, but feels that the Church's focus on money and guilt do not align with her values.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} In a 2017 event at [[Georgetown University]], she stated that differences in ideology between Catholic and [[Church Mission Society]] leaders caused divisions in Nigerian society during her childhood, and that she had left the church around the time of the inauguration of [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} She acknowledged that the teachings of [[Pope Francis]], who was elected in 2013, and the birth of her daughter in 2016 drew her back to the Catholic faith and spurred her decision to raise her child as Catholic.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} By 2021, Adichie stated that she was a [[Nominal Christian|nominal Catholic]] and only attended [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]] when she could find a [[Progressive Christianity|progressive community]] focused on uplifting humanity. She clarified that "I think of myself as agnostic and questioning".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} That year, her reflections on Pope Francis's encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' were published in Italian in the 5 July edition of the Vatican's newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} In her 2021 article "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Dreaming as a Single Humanity"), Adichie recalled being berated at her mother's funeral for having criticised the Church's focus on money, but she also acknowledged that Catholic rituals gave her solace during her mourning.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Gay rights === Adichie is an activist and supporter of [[LGBT rights in Africa]] and has been vocal in her support for [[LGBT rights in Nigeria]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} When Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill in 2014, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected the law, calling it unconstitutional, unjust and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems". She stated that adults expressing affection for each other did not cause harm to society, but that the law would "lead to crimes of violence".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie was close friends with Kenyan writer [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] who publicly came out in 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Flood|2019}} Writer Bernard Dayo said that Adichie's [[eulogy]] to Wainaina in 2019 perfectly captured the spirit of the "bold LGBTQ activist [of] the African literary world where homosexuality is still treated as a fringe concept."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Transgender inclusion === Since 2017, Adichie has intermittently publicly discussed transgender topics, and some have accused her of [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} In a 2017 [[Channel 4]] interview, Adichie stated that the experiences of woman who "has lived as a man, with the privileges the world accords to men" are not the same experiences as "a woman who, from the beginning, has lived in the world as a woman".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} In a follow-up Facebook post, she wrote that transgender women and other women's experiences are different, and one could acknowledge those differences without invalidating or diminishing either group's lived experience.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} She stressed that girls are socialised in ways that damage their self-worth, which has a lasting impact throughout their lives, whereas boys benefit from the advantages of male privilege, before transitioning.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} The controversy emerged again in 2020 when Adichie voiced support for [[J. K. Rowling]]'s article on gender and sex, when she called it "perfectly reasonable" during an interview with the British newspaper, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} The interview sparked a [[Twitter]] backlash from critics of her opinion, which included a former graduate of one of Adichie's [[Writers workshop (activity)|writing workshops]], [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} In response, Adichie penned "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" and posted it on her website in June 2021, criticising the use of social media to air out grievances.{{sfn|Flood|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} The following month, LGBT community students at the [[University of Cape Town]], South Africa, boycotted her public lecture on their campus.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie stated in an interview with [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] in September that she was "deeply hurt" by the backlash and that during the controversy, she had read anything she could find on trans topics to help her understand what was going on.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In late 2022, Adichie faced further criticism for her views after another interview with ''The Guardian'' when she said, "So somebody who looks like my brother—he says, 'I'm a woman', and walks into the women's bathroom, and a woman goes, 'You're not supposed to be here', and she's transphobic?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} The magazine ''[[PinkNews]]'' said that Adichie "remains insensitive" and that she was using "harmful rhetoric".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Academic Cheryl Stobie said that Adichie supported an "exclusionary conceptualisation of gender".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Researcher B. Camminga stated that Adichie's fame led to her comments on trans women being elevated and the voices of other African women, both trans and cis, being silenced.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'oge ọ bụ nwata, parish ezinụlọ ya bụ Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul dị na Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na US karịsịa, ebe o nwere [[Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ|ọnọdụ obibi na-adịgide adịgide]],{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} mana ọ na-elekọtakwa ebe obibi na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na 2009, ọ lụrụ dọkịta Naịjirịa Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; A mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024, dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain ''[[The Guardian]]''.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}} Dịka ya si kwuo, [[Surrogacy|surrogate]] buru nwa ikpeazụ ahụ.{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ, Nkanu Nnamdi, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 7, 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke dịka nleghara anya ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe a nabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku oxygen, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ, nke butere [[njide obi]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gosiri ezinụlọ ahụ mwute ha, mana ha gọnarịrị ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A ga-amalite [[nnyocha]] gbasara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịa, a kwụsịtụrụ nyocha ahụ n'ihi ntinye aka a na-atụghị anya ya site n'aka [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Lagos State]].{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na 2020, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nne ya nwụkwara na 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Influence === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] of ''The New Yorker'' stated that Adichie is "regarded as one of the most vital and original novelists of her generation".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze pointed out in his cover story about Adichie for the Nigerian magazine ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' in September 2021, that "her novels ... broke down a wall in publishing. ''Purple Hibiscus'' proved that there was an international market for African realist fiction post-Achebe [and] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' showed that that market could care about African histories".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} In an earlier article published in ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', he stated that ''Half of a Yellow Sun''{{'}}s paperback release in 2006 sold 500,000 copies, the benchmark of commercial success for a book, by October 2009 in the UK alone.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Her novel ''Americanah'' sold 500,000 copies in the US within two years of its 2013 release.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{As of|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" had received more than 27 million views.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} As of 1 September 2023, the talk is one of the top 25 most viewed TED Talks of all time.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} According to Lisa Allardice, a journalist writing for ''The Guardian'', Adichie became the "poster girl for modern feminism after her 2012 TED Talk 'We Should All Be Feminists' went stratospheric and was distributed in book form to every 16-year-old in Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie has become "a global feminist icon" and a recognised "public thinker" per journalist Lauren Alix Brown.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Parts of Adichie's TEDx Talk "We Should All Be Feminists" were sampled in the song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]" by [[Beyoncé]] on 13 December 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie was outspoken against critics who later questioned the singer's credentials as a feminist because she uses her sexuality to "pander to the male gaze". In defence of Beyoncé, Adichie said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Scholar Matthew Lecznar said that Adichie's stature as "one of most prominent writers and feminists of the age" allowed her to use her celebrity "to demonstrate the power of dress and empower people from diverse contexts to embrace [fashion] ... which has everything to do with the politics of identity".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Academics Floriana Bernardi and Enrica Picarelli credited her support of the Nigerian fashion industry with helping put Nigeria "at the forefront" of the movement to use fashion as a globally-recognised political mechanism of empowerment.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, in an evaluation of scholarship in Nigeria, criticised the policy of elevating academic figures prematurely. He argued that scholarship, particularly in the humanities, should challenge policies and processes to strengthen the social contract between citizens and government. He suggested that the focus should shift from recognising scholars who merely influenced other scholars to acknowledging intellectuals who use their talents to benefit the state and serve as mentors to Nigerian youth. Adichie was among those he felt qualified as "intellectual heroes", who had "push[ed] forward the boundaries of social change".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] Adichie's book ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' was adapted into a [[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|film of the same title]] directed by [[Biyi Bandele]] in 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} In 2018, a painting of Adichie was included in a [[wall mural]] at the Municipal Sport Center in the [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] of [[Madrid]], along with 14 other women. The 15 women were selected by members of the neighborhood to give a visible representation of the role of women in history and to serve as a symbol of equality. The neighborhood residents defeated a move by conservative politicians to remove the mural in 2021 through a petition drive of collected signatures.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, a lecturer a [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] said:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie's novel treats clear and lofty subjects and themes. But the subjects and themes, however, are not new to African novels. The remarkable difference of excellence in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus is the stylistic variation—her choice of linguistic and literary features, and the pattern of application of the features in such a wondrous juxtaposition of characters' reasoning and thought.}} Adichie's work has garnered significant critical acclaim and numerous awards.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Book critics such as Daria Tunca wrote that Adichie's work is considerably relevant and stated that she was a major voice in the [[Third Generation of Nigerian writers]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} while Izuu Nwankwọ called her invented Igbo naming scheme as an "artform", which she has perfected in her works.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} He lauded her ability to insert Igbo language and meaning into an English-language text without disrupting the flow or distorting the storyline.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} In the judgement of [[Ernest Emenyonu]], one of the most prominent scholars of [[Igbo literature]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie was "the leading and most engaging voice of her era" and he has described her as "Africa's preeminent storyteller".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], a professor of history, hailed her along other writers, as "intellectual heroes".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that Adichie's view on grief "puts a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided."{{sfn|Streeter|2021}} She has been widely recognised as "the literary daughter of Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling of the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' called her "one who makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie has gained wide praise for her speeches and lectures.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Media and communications professor Erika M. Behrmann, who reviewed Adichie's TEDxEuston Talk, "We Should All Be Feminists" praised her as a "gifted storyteller", who was able to intimately connect with her audience.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} However, Behrmann criticised the lack of discussion in the talk on the intersectional aspects of peoples' identities and Adichie's reliance on binary terms (boy/girl, man/woman, male/female), which left "little room to imagine and explore how transgender and genderqueer" people contribute to or are impacted by feminism.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu said that her "talks, blogs, musings on social media, essays and commentaries, workshop mentoring for budding writers and lecture circuit discourses ... expand and define her mission as a writer".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Scholar Grace Musila said Adiche's brand encompasses her reputation as a writer, public figure, and fashionista, which expanded her reach and the legitimacy of her ideas far beyond academic circles.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Critical reputation === {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} Adichie received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} with her other academic awards including the 2011–2012 Fellowship of the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} In 2002, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] for her story "You in America".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} She also won the [[BBC World Service]] Short Story Competition for "That Harmattan Morning", while her short story "The American Embassy" won the 2003 [[O. Henry Award]] and the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize from [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Her 2003 debut novel, ''Purple Hibiscus'', was well received, earning positive reviews.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} The book sold well and was awarded the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], and was shortlisted for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) garnered further acclaim, including winning the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} the [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} and the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Adichie's story collection ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' was the runner-up to the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] for 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} One story from the book, "Ceiling", was included in ''[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' was listed among ''[[The New York Times]]'' "10 Best Books of 2013",{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} and won the [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Flood|2014}} and the [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Her book ''Dear Ijeawele'', translated into French as {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, won the [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (great literary prize)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] in the category of best non-fiction book in 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie was a finalist of the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} She won the [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} and the [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), the highest honour in the field of African and African American studies from [[Harvard University]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} She was listed in ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" authors in 2010, and in 2014 was selected for [[Africa39]], a project initiated by the [[Hay Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: How we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 April 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} She was named on the ''[[Time 100]]'' list in 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} and was on ''[[The Africa Report]]''{{'}}s list of the "100 Most Influential Africans" in 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} In 2018, she was selected as the winner of the [[PEN Pinter Prize]], which recognises writers whose body of literary work uncovers truth through critical analysis of life and society. The award recipient chooses the winner of the companion prize, the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, for which Adichie named [[Waleed Abulkhair]], a [[Saudi Arabia]]n lawyer and human rights activist.{{sfn|Flood|2018a}}{{sfn|Flood|2018b}} The Women's Prize for Fiction, formerly known as the Orange Prize, selected 25 candidates for its Winner of Winners in honour of its 25th anniversary celebrations in 2020; Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' won the award.{{sfn|Flood|2020}} In 2017, Adichie was elected as one of 228 new members to be inducted into the 237th class of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], making her the second Nigerian to be given the honour after [[Wole Soyinka]].{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} As of March 2022, Adichie had received 16 honorary degrees from universities{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} President of Nigeria [[Muhammadu Buhari]] selected her as a recipient of the [[Order of the Federal Republic]] in 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} but Adichie rejected the national distinction.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} On 30 December 2022, Adichie was honoured with [[Nigerian chiefs|the title of "Odeluwa"]], a chieftaincy position, by her hometown of Abba in [[Anambra State]], making her the first woman to receive a chieftaincy title in Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}}}} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024}} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby| title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}}}} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}}}} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}}}} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024}} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}}}} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026| location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227}} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}}}} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika|author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}}}} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands}} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 |location=London, UK}} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}}}} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York}} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel|author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}}}} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism |volume=364 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cengage Group|Cengage Learning]] |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |chapter=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |chapter-url=https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie |isbn=978-1-4144-9987-1}} * {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=The New Face of Nigerian Literature? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=8 June 2007 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122124722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6731387.stm |archive-date=22 November 2022 |url-status=live}} *{{cite journal |last1=Musila |first1=Grace A. |title=Review: Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471}} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026| location=Lagos, Nigeria}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739}} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026}} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026|location=Lagos, Nigeria}} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886}} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}}}} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}}}} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665|doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live}} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472|url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}}}} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}}}} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/|interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}}}} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}}}} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live}} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 |location=[[Paris]], France| url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025}} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}}}} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website], English Department of the University of Liège, [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 3jzqnkie6rcjag9pwuvordmzerjt5ke 0 7950 688170 452732 2026-07-15T03:11:04Z CrossX54 22621 688170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dora Nkem Akunyili''' (A mụrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke iri na anọ n'ọnwa nke asaa n'afọ̀ 1954. Ya anwụọ n'ụbọchị nke asaa n'ọnwa nke isii n'afọ̀ 2014). Ọ bụbu nnukwu onyeisi ntụziaka (nke a na-akpọ daịrekụtọ jenaralụ n'asụsụ Bekee) n'ụlọ-ọru [[National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control|NAFDAC]] na-ahụ na a na-emepụta nakwa na-ekekesa ọgwụ, ihe ọńụńụ na ihe oriri n'ụdị kwesịrị ekwesị. Akunyili bụkwara mịnịsịta hụrụ maka mgbasa ozi n'ala [[Nigeria|Naịjiria]] site na-afọ̀ 2008 ruo 2010. Ọ bụ onye maara ka esi emepụta ọgwụ, onye ndi Bekee na-akpọ famasisiti, nakwa onye ọrụ gọọmentị amà ama na mbà ụwa. O nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye maka ezigbo ọrụ ya site n'aka ndị 'pharmacology', 'public health' na '[[Human rights defender|human rights]]' doro anya.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} Akunyili dọrọ ndọrọ-ndọrọ ịbụ onye omebe iwu dịka sinetọ n'ụlọ ọgbakọ ndị omebe iwu Naịjiria na-anọchite anya andị Anambra Central n'okpuru [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]] n'ọnwa nke anọ n'afọ̀ 2011, mana  Chris Ngige nke [[Action Congress|ACN]] meriri ya. Ozugbo, o zigaara ndị Independent National Electoral Commission akwụkwọ ịgbagha ndapụta ndọrọ-ndọrọ ahụ̀.<ref name="Nation20110428">{{cite news|last=Onu|first=Nwanosike|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/4382-how-ngige-floored-akunyili-in-anambra-central.html|title=How Ngige floored Akunyili in Anambra Central|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|date=28 April 2011|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502015547/http://www.thenationonlineng.net:80/2011/index.php/news/4382-how-ngige-floored-akunyili-in-anambra-central.html|archivedate=2 May 2011|df=dmy}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke asaa na ọnwa nke isii n'afọ̀ 2014 ka Akunyili nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ nọ n'India, site n'ọrìa kansa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=66780|title=Dora Akunyili, former NAFDAC DG dies at 59|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref> == Ọchịchị ya n'ụlọ-ọrụ NAFDAC == Ozugbo akpọlitere ya ịbụ onyeisi n'ụlọ-ọrụ NAFDAC n'ọnwa nke anọ n'afọ̀ 2001, Akunyili kpọrọ ya mkpà ikpochapụ ọgwụ na nri adịgboroja niile a na-ere na Naịjiriya. Nke a bụ ka ndị bi na Naịjiriya nwee ahụike, ka a ghara inwe onye ga-anwụ site n'ịṅụ ọgwụ maọbụ n'iri nri adịgboroja.<ref name="Nigeria">{{cite web|url=http://www.kwenu.com/achebe/2006/22dora_akunyili.htm|title=Account Suspended|publisher=Kwenu.com|date=|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref>  Tupu ya arigoro n'ọkwa ya na NAFDAC, ogwu na nri adịgboroja juru n'ala Naijiria n'enweghi onye mezi ya. O wutere ya nke nnukwu na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyi obodo ya na-aṅụ ọgwụ adịgboroja yiri nke bụ ezi ya maka oria iba '[[Iba|malaria]]' na 'tuberculosis' ."<ref name="One woman">{{cite web|last=Frenkiel|first=Olenka|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/this_world/4656627.stm|title=Programmes &#124; This World &#124; One woman's war with fake drugs|publisher=BBC News|date=12 July 2005|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> Na-agbanyeghi na enwere ọtụtuihe ize ndụ na mkpebi ya ikpochapụ ogwu adịgboroja, otinyere ndụ ya n'ọgwụ. Tinyere n'onwetara ọtụtu ihe inwe na mba ụwa."<ref name="Ene2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kwenu.com/moesmemo/moe2004/dora_danger.htm|title=Dora Akunyili and the dungeon of danger|publisher=Web.archive.org|date=|accessdate=24 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507083714/http://www.kwenu.com/moesmemo/moe2004/dora_danger.htm|archivedate=7 May 2006}}</ref> Professor (Odoziaku.) Dora Nkem Akunyili, onye rigoro n'ọkwa na-abali 12 n'ọnwa anọ na -afọ dika onye Ntụziaka ndi National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), bụ 'Pharmacist', 'Pharmacologist', 'Erudite Scholar', Seasoned Administrator', nakwa 'visionary leader'. Ọ bụkwara 'Senior Lecturer na Consultant Pharmacologist' na College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), Enugu Campus, tupu Ọ bụrụ onye isi ndi NAFDAC. A mụrụ ya na [[Makurdi]], [[Ȯra Benue|Benue State]], mana otoro na Nanka alụọ ya n'Agulu, ha abụọ di na Anambra State nke Naijiria. Agụm Akwụkwọ ya bidoro mgbe ọgafere ule 'First School Leaving Certificate' nweta Distinction na St. Patrick's Primary School, Isuofia, Anambra State na-afo 1966, na West African School Certificate (WASC) with Grade I Distinction na-afo 1973 na 'Queen of the Rosary Secondary School, Nsukka', nke di na mba Naijiria. Mpụta asambodo First School Leaving Certificate na WASC mere ya enweta agụm akwụkwọ n'efu nke 'Eastern Nigerian Government Post Primary Scholarship' na '[https://web.archive.org/web/20210505132822/https://soulwritempire.com/highest-paid-government-funded-scholarships-in-the-world-2021-2022/ Federal Government of Nigeria Undergraduate Scholarship]'. O nwetara Digirii nke mbụ ya na Pharmacy B.Pharm (Hons) na-afọ 1978 na PhD ya na-afọ 1985 na UNN. Professor Akunyili bụ Post-Doctorate Fellow nke ndi 'University of London' nakwa 'Fellow nke West African Post-Graduate College of Pharmacists'. I ji kwadebe ya maka ọkwa nlekọta ya, enyere ya nkwado Computer Education Programme nke WHO/UNDP/World Bank kwadoro nakwa Senior Management skills Course in RIPA, London, n'afọ 1994 na 1998. Akunyili nwetara ọtụtụ nkwado n'efu. Akunyili bidoro Ọrụ ya dika onye mmepụta ọgwụ n'afọ 1978 rute 1981, na University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Tupu ya agawa n'ogba Agụmakwụkwọ dika Graduate Assistant (Research Fellow) na Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNN site na 1982 ruo 1986. N'usoro ndi Mahadum, onwere ọtụtụ ọganihu site na Lecturer I na 1986 tupu emee ya Senior Lecturer na 1990. Ezigara ya College of Medicine, UNN na 1992, ebe emere ya Consultant Pharmacologist na 1996, ọkwa ọnọro ruo abali iri abụọ n'ọnwa anọ n'afọ 2001. N'ihi  ịhụnanya ya n'ebe ndi eto-eto di, ọ bụkwara onye nkụzi ọkara oge na West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists Lagos, Nigeria na-afọ 1992–1995. A kwadoro Akunyili maka ọkwa ndụti ya na NAFDAC site na ọrụ afọ anọ ya dika onye ode-akwụkwọ na Petroleum Special Trust Fund (PTF), na ahazi ọrụ na steeti ise ndi di n'ọwụwa anyanwụ na-ala Naijiria (Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu na Imo States). Ọrụkwara dika onye Nlekọta na Ọrụ Ubi nakwa otu onye ndi Caretaker Committee nke Local Government, Anaocha Local Government Area di na Anambra State site 1994 ruo1996.Site na 1992 ruo 1994, Akunyili rụrụ dika otu onye State's Hospitals Management Board nakwa State Advisory Council for Women Commission nke di na Anambra State of Nigeria. Dika ọkà mmụta sayensị, owepụtara karia [[Akwụkwọ]] Research 20 n'ọtụtụ Local and International Scientific Conferences, tinyekwara ibipụta otu akwụkwọ na ihe edide 18. O lekọtara ndi Ogo Doktorate na Masters na Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka na U.N.N. nke di na Naijiria. Ọbụna dị ka onye Ntuziaka ndi NAFDAC, Dr. Akunyili wepụtara oge ilekota ndi ụmụakwụkwọ postgraduate na College of Medicine UNN. Ọ bụkwa Chief Examiner in Pharmacology ndi 3rd M.B.B.S College of Medicine, Abia State University Uturu, Naijiria. Akunyili bụkwara ọtụ onye ndi Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) ebe ọrụrụ dika: * PSN Education Committee as Secretary, 1994–2000 * Organizing Committee for Enugu State PSN Annual Conference as Secretary, 1995 * Nigerian Association of Academic Pharmacists as National Asst. Secretary, 1990–94 * Association of Lady Pharmacists as National Vice-President, 1992–95, National ''Ex Officio'' Member 1995–2000 and President of Enugu State branch, 1992–98. Ọ bụkwara otu onye ndi okachamara ndi ọzọ di na Naijiria dika: Nigerian Society for Pharmacology, West African Society for Pharmacology, International Union of Pharmacology na International Pharmaceutical Federation. Akunyili nwekara ọtụtụ okwa na University of Nigeria Nsukka Senate dika:  * Senate Careers Board Committee – Member 1986–93 * Board of Institute for Development Studies-Member, 1986–93 * Senate Representative for Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1990–92 * Staff Welfare Committee for Academic Staff Union of Universities, Nigeria – Member, 1991–93 * Investigation Committee on Alleged Examination Malpractice in Drama 202 Re: Ugwuja C., 86/49917 of Sub-Department Dramatic Arts, UNN – Secretary, 1991–92. Akunyili’s high sense of responsibility led to her being made a member of the following Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Committees (UNN), 1986–92: * Medicinal Plant Committee * Examination Committee * Continuing Education Committee * Publications and Colloquial Committee * Committee on Specialization Courses for Pharmacists * Consultancy Management Board. Akunyili bụkwa onye ụka Katọlik nke di ya bụ Dr J. C. Akunyili, of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu ruo ọnwụ ya. Ha nwere ụmụ isii. Omume ntụrụndụ ya bụ igụ akwụkwọ nakwa ide akwụkwọ. Ndi oke isi si mba di iche iche nke tinyere Onye isi-ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] na onye isi-ala nke gara-aga General Yakubu Gowon biara Olili ya nke emere n'abali iri abụọ n'asaa na iri abụọ n'asatọ. Akunyili was laid to rest at Agulu in Anambra state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=79929|work=The Sun|title=Prof Akunyili’s final journey home: Day Agulu people, other Nigerians were united in grief|date=3 September 2014}}</ref> == Inwe ya == Ụfọdụ inwe ndi Prof. Akunyili nwetara na ndụ ya bụ: * Time Magazine Award 2006 ("One of the eighteen heroes of our time"), Time Magazine Inc. * Person of the Year 2005 Award – '''Silverbird Communications Ltd''', Lagos, 5 January 2006 * Award of Excellence – Integrated World Services (IWS), Decemb2005 * Award of Excellence – Advocacy for Democracy Dividends International, Lagos, 17 December 2005 * Meritorious Award 2005 – St. Michael's Military Catholic Church, Apapa, [[Lagos]], 4 December 2005 * African Virtuous and Entrepreneurial Women Merit Award 2005 – African Biographical Network, Dec. 2005 * Award for the Best Government Parastatal – National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS), December 2005 * An Icon of Excellence Award – The African Cultural Institute and Zenith Bank Plc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zenithbank.com/|title=zenithbank.com|publisher=zenithbank.com|date=31 December 2012|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> 8 December 2005 * 2005 Grassroots Human Rights Campaigner Award London-based Human Rights Defense Organization, 8 December 2005 * Most Innovative Director Award Federal Government College, Ijanikin, Lagos, October 2005.<ref name="DORA">{{cite web|url=http://www.nafdacnigeria.org/dg.html|title=Nafdacnigeria.org|publisher=Nafdacnigeria.org|date=|accessdate=24 January 2014|archivedate=30 June 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630231848/http://www.nafdacnigeria.org/dg.html}}</ref> * Integrity Award 2003 – Transparency International.<ref name="Integrity Award">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930075415/http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2006/november_2006/spotlight] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930075415/http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2006/november_2006/spotlight|date=30 September 2007}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ Mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160118190808/http://www.9jagist.com/sad-news-prof-dora-akunyili-has-passed-on-dead/ Sad news!] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160118190808/http://www.9jagist.com/sad-news-prof-dora-akunyili-has-passed-on-dead/ "Prof. Dora Akunyili has passed on"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184821/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=2982 Dr. (Mrs.) Dora Nkem Akunyili] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1318_africa_radio_aw/page18.shtml BBC World Service Special] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2005_49_fri_03.shtml BBC ''Woman's Hour''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190306091307/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Akunyili_speech.pdf Address by Dora Akunyili at The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: Washington, D.C: USA: "Women Leadership in Emerging Democracy – My NAFDAC Experience"] {{DEFAULTSORT:Akunyili, Dora}} [[Category:Wikipedia Igbo Women Edit-a-thon]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] nn7ky86pqpgti3o7co3l1zc45inqral 688171 688170 2026-07-15T03:11:24Z CrossX54 22621 688171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dora Nkem Akunyili''' (A mụrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke iri na anọ n'ọnwa nke asaa n'afọ̀ 1954. Ya anwụọ n'ụbọchị nke asaa n'ọnwa nke isii n'afọ̀ 2014). Ọ bụbu nnukwu onyeisi ntụziaka (nke a na-akpọ daịrekụtọ jenaralụ n'asụsụ Bekee) n'ụlọ-ọru [[National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control|NAFDAC]] na-ahụ na a na-emepụta nakwa na-ekekesa ọgwụ, ihe ọńụńụ na ihe oriri n'ụdị kwesịrị ekwesị. Akunyili bụkwara mịnịsịta hụrụ maka mgbasa ozi n'ala [[Nigeria|Naịjiria]] site na-afọ̀ 2008 ruo 2010. Ọ bụ onye maara ka esi emepụta ọgwụ, onye ndi Bekee na-akpọ famasisiti, nakwa onye ọrụ gọọmentị amà ama na mbà ụwa. O nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye maka ezigbo ọrụ ya site n'aka ndị 'pharmacology', 'public health' na '[[Human rights defender|human rights]]' doro anya.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} Akunyili dọrọ ndọrọ-ndọrọ ịbụ onye omebe iwu dịka sinetọ n'ụlọ ọgbakọ ndị omebe iwu Naịjiria na-anọchite anya andị Anambra Central n'okpuru [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]] n'ọnwa nke anọ n'afọ̀ 2011, mana  Chris Ngige nke [[Action Congress|ACN]] meriri ya. Ozugbo, o zigaara ndị Independent National Electoral Commission akwụkwọ ịgbagha ndapụta ndọrọ-ndọrọ ahụ̀.<ref name="Nation20110428">{{cite news|last=Onu|first=Nwanosike|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/4382-how-ngige-floored-akunyili-in-anambra-central.html|title=How Ngige floored Akunyili in Anambra Central|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|date=28 April 2011|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502015547/http://www.thenationonlineng.net:80/2011/index.php/news/4382-how-ngige-floored-akunyili-in-anambra-central.html|archivedate=2 May 2011|df=dmy}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke asaa na ọnwa nke isii n'afọ̀ 2014 ka Akunyili nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ nọ n'India, site n'ọrìa kansa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=66780|title=Dora Akunyili, former NAFDAC DG dies at 59|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref> == Ọchịchị ya n'ụlọ-ọrụ NAFDAC == Ozugbo akpọlitere ya ịbụ onyeisi n'ụlọ-ọrụ NAFDAC n'ọnwa nke anọ n'afọ̀ 2001, Akunyili kpọrọ ya mkpà ikpochapụ ọgwụ na nri adịgboroja niile a na-ere na Naịjiriya. Nke a bụ ka ndị bi na Naịjiriya nwee ahụike, ka a ghara inwe onye ga-anwụ site n'ịṅụ ọgwụ maọbụ n'iri nri adịgboroja.<ref name="Nigeria">{{cite web|url=http://www.kwenu.com/achebe/2006/22dora_akunyili.htm|title=Account Suspended|publisher=Kwenu.com|date=|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref>  Tupu ya arigoro n'ọkwa ya na NAFDAC, ogwu na nri adịgboroja juru n'ala Naijiria n'enweghi onye mezi ya. O wutere ya nke nnukwu na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyi obodo ya na-aṅụ ọgwụ adịgboroja yiri nke bụ ezi ya maka oria iba '[[Iba|malaria]]' na 'tuberculosis' ."<ref name="One woman">{{cite web|last=Frenkiel|first=Olenka|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/this_world/4656627.stm|title=Programmes &#124; This World &#124; One woman's war with fake drugs|publisher=BBC News|date=12 July 2005|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> Na-agbanyeghi na enwere ọtụtuihe ize ndụ na mkpebi ya ikpochapụ ogwu adịgboroja, otinyere ndụ ya n'ọgwụ. Tinyere n'onwetara ọtụtu ihe inwe na mba ụwa."<ref name="Ene2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kwenu.com/moesmemo/moe2004/dora_danger.htm|title=Dora Akunyili and the dungeon of danger|publisher=Web.archive.org|date=|accessdate=24 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507083714/http://www.kwenu.com/moesmemo/moe2004/dora_danger.htm|archivedate=7 May 2006}}</ref> Professor (Odoziaku.) Dora Nkem Akunyili, onye rigoro n'ọkwa na-abali 12 n'ọnwa anọ na -afọ dika onye Ntụziaka ndi National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), bụ 'Pharmacist', 'Pharmacologist', 'Erudite Scholar', Seasoned Administrator', nakwa 'visionary leader'. Ọ bụkwara 'Senior Lecturer na Consultant Pharmacologist' na College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), Enugu Campus, tupu Ọ bụrụ onye isi ndi NAFDAC. A mụrụ ya na [[Makurdi]], [[Ȯra Benue|Benue]], mana otoro na Nanka alụọ ya n'Agulu, ha abụọ di na Anambra State nke Naijiria. Agụm Akwụkwọ ya bidoro mgbe ọgafere ule 'First School Leaving Certificate' nweta Distinction na St. Patrick's Primary School, Isuofia, Anambra State na-afo 1966, na West African School Certificate (WASC) with Grade I Distinction na-afo 1973 na 'Queen of the Rosary Secondary School, Nsukka', nke di na mba Naijiria. Mpụta asambodo First School Leaving Certificate na WASC mere ya enweta agụm akwụkwọ n'efu nke 'Eastern Nigerian Government Post Primary Scholarship' na '[https://web.archive.org/web/20210505132822/https://soulwritempire.com/highest-paid-government-funded-scholarships-in-the-world-2021-2022/ Federal Government of Nigeria Undergraduate Scholarship]'. O nwetara Digirii nke mbụ ya na Pharmacy B.Pharm (Hons) na-afọ 1978 na PhD ya na-afọ 1985 na UNN. Professor Akunyili bụ Post-Doctorate Fellow nke ndi 'University of London' nakwa 'Fellow nke West African Post-Graduate College of Pharmacists'. I ji kwadebe ya maka ọkwa nlekọta ya, enyere ya nkwado Computer Education Programme nke WHO/UNDP/World Bank kwadoro nakwa Senior Management skills Course in RIPA, London, n'afọ 1994 na 1998. Akunyili nwetara ọtụtụ nkwado n'efu. Akunyili bidoro Ọrụ ya dika onye mmepụta ọgwụ n'afọ 1978 rute 1981, na University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Tupu ya agawa n'ogba Agụmakwụkwọ dika Graduate Assistant (Research Fellow) na Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNN site na 1982 ruo 1986. N'usoro ndi Mahadum, onwere ọtụtụ ọganihu site na Lecturer I na 1986 tupu emee ya Senior Lecturer na 1990. Ezigara ya College of Medicine, UNN na 1992, ebe emere ya Consultant Pharmacologist na 1996, ọkwa ọnọro ruo abali iri abụọ n'ọnwa anọ n'afọ 2001. N'ihi  ịhụnanya ya n'ebe ndi eto-eto di, ọ bụkwara onye nkụzi ọkara oge na West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists Lagos, Nigeria na-afọ 1992–1995. A kwadoro Akunyili maka ọkwa ndụti ya na NAFDAC site na ọrụ afọ anọ ya dika onye ode-akwụkwọ na Petroleum Special Trust Fund (PTF), na ahazi ọrụ na steeti ise ndi di n'ọwụwa anyanwụ na-ala Naijiria (Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu na Imo States). Ọrụkwara dika onye Nlekọta na Ọrụ Ubi nakwa otu onye ndi Caretaker Committee nke Local Government, Anaocha Local Government Area di na Anambra State site 1994 ruo1996.Site na 1992 ruo 1994, Akunyili rụrụ dika otu onye State's Hospitals Management Board nakwa State Advisory Council for Women Commission nke di na Anambra State of Nigeria. Dika ọkà mmụta sayensị, owepụtara karia [[Akwụkwọ]] Research 20 n'ọtụtụ Local and International Scientific Conferences, tinyekwara ibipụta otu akwụkwọ na ihe edide 18. O lekọtara ndi Ogo Doktorate na Masters na Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka na U.N.N. nke di na Naijiria. Ọbụna dị ka onye Ntuziaka ndi NAFDAC, Dr. Akunyili wepụtara oge ilekota ndi ụmụakwụkwọ postgraduate na College of Medicine UNN. Ọ bụkwa Chief Examiner in Pharmacology ndi 3rd M.B.B.S College of Medicine, Abia State University Uturu, Naijiria. Akunyili bụkwara ọtụ onye ndi Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) ebe ọrụrụ dika: * PSN Education Committee as Secretary, 1994–2000 * Organizing Committee for Enugu State PSN Annual Conference as Secretary, 1995 * Nigerian Association of Academic Pharmacists as National Asst. Secretary, 1990–94 * Association of Lady Pharmacists as National Vice-President, 1992–95, National ''Ex Officio'' Member 1995–2000 and President of Enugu State branch, 1992–98. Ọ bụkwara otu onye ndi okachamara ndi ọzọ di na Naijiria dika: Nigerian Society for Pharmacology, West African Society for Pharmacology, International Union of Pharmacology na International Pharmaceutical Federation. Akunyili nwekara ọtụtụ okwa na University of Nigeria Nsukka Senate dika:  * Senate Careers Board Committee – Member 1986–93 * Board of Institute for Development Studies-Member, 1986–93 * Senate Representative for Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1990–92 * Staff Welfare Committee for Academic Staff Union of Universities, Nigeria – Member, 1991–93 * Investigation Committee on Alleged Examination Malpractice in Drama 202 Re: Ugwuja C., 86/49917 of Sub-Department Dramatic Arts, UNN – Secretary, 1991–92. Akunyili’s high sense of responsibility led to her being made a member of the following Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Committees (UNN), 1986–92: * Medicinal Plant Committee * Examination Committee * Continuing Education Committee * Publications and Colloquial Committee * Committee on Specialization Courses for Pharmacists * Consultancy Management Board. Akunyili bụkwa onye ụka Katọlik nke di ya bụ Dr J. C. Akunyili, of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu ruo ọnwụ ya. Ha nwere ụmụ isii. Omume ntụrụndụ ya bụ igụ akwụkwọ nakwa ide akwụkwọ. Ndi oke isi si mba di iche iche nke tinyere Onye isi-ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] na onye isi-ala nke gara-aga General Yakubu Gowon biara Olili ya nke emere n'abali iri abụọ n'asaa na iri abụọ n'asatọ. Akunyili was laid to rest at Agulu in Anambra state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=79929|work=The Sun|title=Prof Akunyili’s final journey home: Day Agulu people, other Nigerians were united in grief|date=3 September 2014}}</ref> == Inwe ya == Ụfọdụ inwe ndi Prof. Akunyili nwetara na ndụ ya bụ: * Time Magazine Award 2006 ("One of the eighteen heroes of our time"), Time Magazine Inc. * Person of the Year 2005 Award – '''Silverbird Communications Ltd''', Lagos, 5 January 2006 * Award of Excellence – Integrated World Services (IWS), Decemb2005 * Award of Excellence – Advocacy for Democracy Dividends International, Lagos, 17 December 2005 * Meritorious Award 2005 – St. Michael's Military Catholic Church, Apapa, [[Lagos]], 4 December 2005 * African Virtuous and Entrepreneurial Women Merit Award 2005 – African Biographical Network, Dec. 2005 * Award for the Best Government Parastatal – National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS), December 2005 * An Icon of Excellence Award – The African Cultural Institute and Zenith Bank Plc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zenithbank.com/|title=zenithbank.com|publisher=zenithbank.com|date=31 December 2012|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> 8 December 2005 * 2005 Grassroots Human Rights Campaigner Award London-based Human Rights Defense Organization, 8 December 2005 * Most Innovative Director Award Federal Government College, Ijanikin, Lagos, October 2005.<ref name="DORA">{{cite web|url=http://www.nafdacnigeria.org/dg.html|title=Nafdacnigeria.org|publisher=Nafdacnigeria.org|date=|accessdate=24 January 2014|archivedate=30 June 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630231848/http://www.nafdacnigeria.org/dg.html}}</ref> * Integrity Award 2003 – Transparency International.<ref name="Integrity Award">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930075415/http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2006/november_2006/spotlight] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930075415/http://www.transparency.org/publications/newsletter/2006/november_2006/spotlight|date=30 September 2007}}</ref> == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ Mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160118190808/http://www.9jagist.com/sad-news-prof-dora-akunyili-has-passed-on-dead/ Sad news!] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160118190808/http://www.9jagist.com/sad-news-prof-dora-akunyili-has-passed-on-dead/ "Prof. Dora Akunyili has passed on"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184821/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=2982 Dr. (Mrs.) Dora Nkem Akunyili] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1318_africa_radio_aw/page18.shtml BBC World Service Special] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2005_49_fri_03.shtml BBC ''Woman's Hour''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190306091307/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Akunyili_speech.pdf Address by Dora Akunyili at The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: Washington, D.C: USA: "Women Leadership in Emerging Democracy – My NAFDAC Experience"] {{DEFAULTSORT:Akunyili, Dora}} [[Category:Wikipedia Igbo Women Edit-a-thon]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] nvuabut3hrxnnooy2h4c617gbczggp6 0 8126 688216 541307 2026-07-15T11:58:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{''Mkpuro'''''Mkpurụ okwu sélénsé''''' okwu sélénsé''databox}} '''Adaora Udoji''' {{Audio|Ig-Adaora Udoji.ogg|Audio}} bụ onye n'emepụta ihe mgbasa ozi, onye mmepụta nakwa onye n'emepụta ihe ngwongwo nke teknụzụ dika "<ref>https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5995c7ece4b056a2b0ef03cd</ref> virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR)<ref>http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20161214/TECHNOLOGY/161219933/nycedc-and-mome-announce-first-publicly-funded-u-s-vr-lab</ref>, na [[Ọgụgụ isi|artificial intelligence]] (AI)". Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ VR-AR Association-NYC Chapter, onye "adjunct" prọfesọ na NYU's Interactive Telecommunications Program na Tisch School of the Arts, nakwa  onye ọchụnta ego. N'oge gara-aga, ọ bụ onye isi ndi na-akọ akụkọ na Rothenberg Ventures nakwa onye isi oche nke media-tech startup, News Deeply, nke Time Magazine kpọrọ, “the future of news”<ref>https://www.fastcompany.com/3017125/meet-the-inspiring-woman-breaking-news-about-syria-as-she-reinvents-digita</ref>. O jekwara ozi dika onye otu ndi Montclair Film Festival<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141004022217/http://montclairfilmfest.org/store/transaction-results/who-we-are/]</ref> nakwa "Women's Advisory Board at NBC Universal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcunicareers.com/news-feed?id=22715|title=News - NBC Universal Careers|website=Nbcunicareer.com|accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref>. Ọ bụkwara otu onye Woodrow Wilson  ma mesịa tinye ntọala. The Boshia Group,<ref>http://www.adweek.com/digital/virtual-reality-content-gains-traction-bigger-dollars-flow-its-ad-tech-players-173479/</ref>  ma mesịa tinye ntọala ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ede akụkọ. O so n'ole n'ole ndi ntọ akụkọ rụrụ na 'Network and Cable New' nakwa na Redio ọha n'eze. O sokwa na ndepụta '20 Black Angels Worth Knowing For Minority Startups'.<ref>http://www.blackenterprise.com/small-business/20-black-angels-worth-knowing-for-minority-startups/</ref> == Ndụ ya == Udoji bụ onye Nigerian-Irish American nke Nna ya bụ Mazi Godfrey Udoji, onye bụbu enjinia nke ndi Dearborn, [[Michigan]], nakwa Nne ya bụ Mary, onye bụrụ onye nghazi ọbá akwụkwọ ndi Washtenaw County na Ann Arbor, Michigan. O biela na mpaghara atọ ndi ọzọ tinyere Afrika, Europe na North Amerika nakwa bụrụ onye Amerika na Ireland.  == Agụm Akwụkwọ ya == Udoji nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na nkà mmụta sayensị na Mahadum University of Michigan. Mgbe o kwusịrị ozi na ụlọ ọrụ nkwurịta okwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa nke Michigan na WUOM, ụlọ ọrụ redio ọha na eze, ọ gara n'ihu gụsịa akwụkwọ na UCLA School of Law. N'oge ahụ ọ gara n'ihu rụọ ọkara ọge maka Honorable Consuelo B. Marshall, United States Federal Judge, Central District of California, Los Angeles, nakwa bụrụ onye odeakwụkwọ ndi I.R.S. == Ọrụ == Udoji malitere oru oru akuko ya na ABC News na 1995 dika onye nta akuko na-arụrụ Cynthia McFadden hụrụ maka ikpe OJ Simpson n'Akụkọ iwu ndi ọzọ. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-emepụta nke abụọ ndi ABC News nke hụrụ maka nghọpụta onye isiala dika otụ n'ime 'Dole/Kemp press corp, the TWA 800 crash', tinyekwara irụ ọrụ n'Akụkọ gbasara ọnwụ. Netwọk ahụ kpọrọ ya onye nnọchiteanya ala ọzọ na 2000 mgbe ọ nọ na London na-akọ akụkọ ụwa na-akọwa Africa, Middle East na Europe. Udoji hụrụ maka akụkọ agha na Iraq na Afghanistan, agha Israel-Palestian, Vatican, akụnụba ụwa na ihe omume egwuregwu dika 'British Open na Tour De France'. O nyekwara aka Good Morning America, World News Weekend na ABC News.  Na CNN o jere ozi dịka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na New York na-akọ akụkọ tinyere ntuli aka president 2004, Hurricane Katrina, na ọdachi mine West Virginia Sago maka telivishọn na redio. N'elu Eprel 25, 2006, o tinyere aka na Court TV News dika anchor. Udoji gbasaa n'ime redio ọha na eze dika onye ngalaba nnabata ''The Takeaway with John Hockenberry and Adaora Udoji'' na 2008, nke ngalaba WNYC, The New York Times, BBC, WGBH-Boston na PRI. ntuli aka nke [[Barack Obama]], n'akụkọ mgbasa ozi ya nke anọ na nghọpụta ndi ọchichi. O tinyekwala aka na ''Good Morning America'', ''World News Weekend'' na ABC Radio. Site na 2013-2014 ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke News Deeply.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsdeeply.com/#team|title=News Deeply|work=News Deeply|accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref> O edeela ọtụtụ ihe banyere ibụ Nwanyi Naijiria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/nigerian-mothers-column|title=The power of Nigerian women|author=Adaora Udoji|work=MSNBC|accessdate=18 February 2016|archivedate=8 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808041508/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/nigerian-mothers-column}}</ref> '''iria cancer''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/thelist/my-cancer-detour-380a39ccc8fb|title=My Cancer Detour — TheLi.st @ Medium|work=Medium|accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref> na Hurricane Katrina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essence.com/2008/09/10/the-waiting-game|title=The Waiting Game|work=Essence.com|accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ọchụnta ego nke gụsiri akwụkwọ na Pipeline Fellowship program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://women2.com/2014/12/18/everything-always-wanted-know-angel-investors-afraid-ask/?hvid=4KrggK|title=» Angel Investing Demystified Women 2.0|website=Women2.com|accessdate=18 February 2016|archivedate=15 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315095049/http://women2.com/2014/12/18/everything-always-wanted-know-angel-investors-afraid-ask/?hvid=4KrggK}}</ref> == Nta Akụkọ == N'ịbụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe ihe okike na azụmahịa nke telivishọn, redio, internet, ụlọ ọrụ na isi obodo, A na-ekwukarị maka Udoji n'ime akwụkwọ. Na akwukwo 2017 maka Immerse Magazine nke akpọrọ 'Who is VR for?',Onye nlekọta nke ukwu na Tribeca Film Institute, Ingrid Kopp kọwara Adaora Udoji dika "onye ndụmọdụ, onye nkuzi onye n'eme ihe niile"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://immerse.news/who-is-vr-for-20b3f077a912 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2017-12-21 |archivedate=2023-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421170748/https://immerse.news/who-is-vr-for-20b3f077a912 }}</ref>. Na akụkọ Buzzfeed ọzọ na-afọ 2017, o kwuru maka "What It's Actually Like to be a Woman in VR"<ref>https://www.buzzfeed.com/doree/women-in-vr?utm_term=.mmAnbVMRE#.vsPMDrGw1</ref>. == Akara na Mmata == Udoji bụ otu n'ime ndi CNN hụrụ maka akụkọ 'Hurricane Katrina n'ime nakwa gbụrụgbụrụ New Orleans, [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]]' nke network ha nwetara mmeri 'Peabody Award'. O sokwa na ndi ABC News nke nwetara 'Cine Golden Eagle award' maka otu akụkọ ABC News n'ọnwụ. Ndi National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences kwadoro Udoji maka enyemaka ya na ABC ihụ maka agha Afghan War na 2002. N'afọ 2009, Essence Magazine<ref name="essence">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/13/idUS282374+13-Nov-2008+PRN20081113|work=Reuters|title=ESSENCE Magazine Presents 25 Most Influential of 2008 in December Issue and on essence.com!|date=13 November 2008}}</ref> kpọrọ Udoji otu n'ime ndi 25 Afrika Amerikan nwere ike.N'afọ 2007 ọ bụ Honoree maka World Diversity Leadership Conference na United Nations. N'afọ 2013, ọ bụ otụ onye Pipeline Fellow . Ọ bụ otu onye ama ama site na enyemaka ya na CNN's 2005 Alfred I. Dupont-Columbia University na Peabody Awards, nke ndi National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences maka akụkọ ya na ABC News. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na Jones nke New York Little Camp Campaign. Udoji bụ onye nrita na Forty Under Forty Achievement Award nke ndi Network Journal.<ref name="sn">{{cite web|url=http://www.supernigerian.com/achievers_details.php?aid=66|accessdate=July 29, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124315/http://www.supernigerian.com/achievers_details.php?aid=66|archivedate=April 2, 2015}}Missing or empty <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;title=</code> ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors%23citation_missing_title help]){{cite web|url=http://www.supernigerian.com/achievers_details.php?aid=66|accessdate=July 29, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124315/http://www.supernigerian.com/achievers_details.php?aid=66|archivedate=April 2, 2015}}</ref> N'ịbụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe ihe okike na azụmahịa nke telivishọn, redio, internet, ụlọ ọrụ na isi obodo, A na-ekwukarị maka Udoji n'ime akwụkwọ. Na akwukwo 2017 maka Immerse Magazine nke akpọrọ 'Who is VR for?',Onye nlekọta nke ukwu na Tribeca Film Institute, Ingrid Kopp kọwara Adaora Udoji dika "onye ndụmọdụ, onye nkuzi onye n'eme ihe niile"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://immerse.news/who-is-vr-for-20b3f077a912 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2017-12-21 |archivedate=2023-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421170748/https://immerse.news/who-is-vr-for-20b3f077a912 }}</ref>. Na akụkọ Buzzfeed ọzọ na-afọ 2017, o kwuru maka "What It's Actually Like to be a Woman in VR"<ref>https://www.buzzfeed.com/doree/women-in-vr?utm_term=.mmAnbVMRE#.vsPMDrGw1</ref>. Egosiputara ya dika onye emume ndi MIT Solve, Producers Guild of America-East, Games for Change Festival, NYC Media Lab, Microsoft, Panasonic, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200408222706/https://bindercon.com/ BinderCon], Versions, ARInAction, Girls Who Code, the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160953/https://www.startupinstitute.com/ StartUp Institute] NYC, the New York Women Social Entrepreneurs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nywseonmoreinclusiveconferences.eventbrite.com/|title=Building on TED & the TEDWomen Conference: How can we make conferences more inclusive spaces? Tickets, Wed, Dec 8, 2010 at 7:30 PM &#124; Eventbrite|publisher=Nywseonmoreinclusiveconferences.eventbrite.com|date=|accessdate=2016-02-18}}</ref> ACLU, New York Women in Film and Television, the Feminist Press, the Council of Urban Professionals, Internet Week NYC, SXSW and the New York Women in Communications Foundation. ==Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120122184848/http://www.pipelinefellowship.com/fellows/ Pipelinefellowship.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140225102651/http://womenatnbcu.com/advisory-board-members/adaora-udoji/ Womenatnbcu.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051526/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Court+TV+News(SM)+Announces+Anchor+Deal+With+Former+CNN+Correspondent...-a0144937936 Thefreelibrary.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Udoji, Adaora}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ch9dc5s83wgyi4o9wztifasakmsvrjv 0 8856 688072 211877 2026-07-14T14:07:26Z SafariScribe 18560 /* Edensibia */ ndezi 688072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buchi Emecheta''' OBE (born '''Florence Onyebuchi Emecheta)''' (amuru ụbọchi iri abụọ na onwa Julaị nke afọ nari itoolu iri anọ na anọ rue ubochi iri abụọ na ise onwa Jenụwarị puku abụọ na iri na asaa) bụ onye edemede a mụrụ na Naijiria, nke bi na UK site na afọ nari itoolu iri isii na abụọ, onye dekwara ihe nkiri na akụkọ ndụ onwe onye, yana ọrụ maka ụmụaka.<ref name="Busby">{{Cite news|authorlink=Margaret Busby|author=Busby|first=Margaret|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary|title=Buchi Emecheta obituary|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 February 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 20, gụnyere Second Class Citizen (afọ nari itoolu iri asaa na anọ), The Bride Price (1976), The Slave Girl (1977) na The Joys of Motherhood (afọ nari itoolu iri asaa na itoolu). Allison na Busby bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ebe onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya bụ Margaret Busby.<ref name="Busby" /> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] Isiokwu Emecheta banyere ịgba ohu ụmụaka, ịbụ nne, nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe site na agụmakwụkwọ nwetara nkwado site n'aka ndị nkatọ na nsọpụrụ. O nwere oge ọ kọwara akụkọ ya dị ka "akụkọ nke ụwa, ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-eche nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịda ogbenye na mmegbu ihu, na ogologo oge ha na-anọ, n'agbanyeghị ebe ha si na mbụ, nsogbu ndị ahụ na-aghọ otu. " Ọrụ ya na-enyocha esemokwu dị n'etiti ọdịnala na oge a.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Buchi-Emecheta|title=Buchi Emecheta {{!}} Biography, Books, & Facts|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref> A kọwaala ya dị ka "nwaanyị ojii mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ nke nwere ihe ịga nke ọma bi na Britain mgbe 1948 gasịrị".<ref>Dawson, Ashley, "Beyond Imperial Feminism: Buchi Emecheta's London Novels and Black British Women's Emancipation", in ''Mongrel Nation: Diasporic Culture and the Making of Postcolonial Britain'', University of Michigan Press, 2007, p. 117.</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} odg0u6a7s2d5uzaaoidn08japjsrm68 0 10466 688134 628966 2026-07-14T22:01:03Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688134 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Infobox organization|name=Youths for Human Rights Protection and Transparency Initiative defaults to {{PAGENAME}} if not provided |native_name= Organization's name in its local language |image=yarp-1.jpg|image_size=300px|motto=''Shine the light,protect, establish, engage and empower ''|type=Non-profit<br />NGO|headquarters=[[Owerri]], [[Nigeria]]|leader_title=[[President (corporate title)|President]]|leader_name=[[Kenneth Uwadi]]|key_people=|founded=April 2, 2015 by [[Kenneth Uwadi]] in Nigeria|location=[[Nigeria]]|fields=Protecting human rights, Legal advocacy, Media attention, Direct-appeal Campaigns Compassionate Presence,Advocacy, Empowerment, Education|homepage={{URL|www.yarpti.org}}}}-->[[Faịlụ:The ASEAN Issue No. 26 Youth Speak We Act.pdf|thumb|Youths For Human Rights Protection And Transparency Initiative]] '''Youths for Human Rights Protection and Transparency Initiative (YARPTI)''' bụ otu nzukọ na- abụghị nke gọọmentị [[Naijiria|na Naịjirịa]] ewepụtara iji kwalite ọdịmma na nchedo ụmụaka na ndị na-eto eto. YARPTI na-ekpughepụkwa ikike ndị ruuru mmadụ. Nzukọ a na-emegide mmebi nke ihe ọ na-ewere dị ka ikike mmadụ bụ isi. == Ọhụụ na ozi == Ọrụ Yarpti bụ ịkwalite na ichebe ikike ụmụaka na ndị na-eto eto yana ikpughepụkwa ikike ụmụ mmadụ. Nzukọ a na-enyekwa nkwado maka ndị na-eto eto iji nyere ha aka tozuru oke ịbụ ndị toro eto na-enyere ọha mmadụ aka. YARPTI dịkwa njikere maka inye olileanya maka ndị na-enweghị olileanya. == Ọchịchị == Onye isi oche na onye guzobere nzukọ a bụ Kenneth Uwadi . Uwadi bu onye ochichi amara amara nke ndi obodo nke si na steeti Imo nke Nigeria == Mmemme == Yarpti na-ekwu okwu megide nrụrụ aka na Nigeria ma na-akwalite nghọta, ịza ajụjụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'ogo niile na n'akụkụ niile nke ọha mmadụ Nigeria yana ịchọ nkwado nke ndị ntorobịa Nigeria, ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ, ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-adịghị ike na ndị nwere nsogbu na obodo ndị kacha daa ogbenye . ime obodo na obodo mepere emepe ka ha nwee ike isonye na usoro ịme mkpebi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. == Hụ kwa == * Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naịjirịa * Kenneth Uwadi == Nrụtụaka ==   * http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/176338/1/free-samuelson-iwuoha-now.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20180205231652/http://yarpti.org/about-us/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20210425130318/https://www.spyghana.com/tag/youths-for-rights-protection-and-transparency-initiative/ * [http://chidioparareports.blogspot.com/2015/04/news-release-free-activist-samuelson.html http://chidioparareports.blogspot.com/2015/04/news-mepụta- free-activist-samuelson.html] * http://nigerianewspoint.com/?p=2019 * https://web.archive.org/web/20190822183315/http://www.riversstatenews.com/yrpti-condemns-attack-on-journalists/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023937/http://imo.citynewsline.com.ng/news/yrpti-condemns-attack-on-journalists * https://web.archive.org/web/20150406061144/http://africanheraldexpress.com/blog8/2015/02/03/the-brutality-and-intimidation-meted-out-on-journalist-greg-okey-nwadike-in-imo-state/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20151217090513/http://leadership.ng/news/435744/huriwa-backs-speaker-uwajumogu-for-ministerial-slot * http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/216920/popular-socio-political-crusader-comrade-kenneth-uwadi-res.html * http://newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php/detail.php?news=23373&title=Popular-Imo-socio-political-crusader-resigns-appointment,-accuses-oil-services-firm-of-ethnic-bias == Njikọ ndị ọzọ == * https://web.archive.org/web/20181108130216/http://yarpti.org/ * http://nigerianewspoint.com/?p=2019 * http://allafrica.com/stories/201502090375.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20160816091759/http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=11447&title=Corruption-Dont-make-Uwajumogu-a-Minister-Group-tells-Buhari-Im-innocent-Imo-Speaker * https://www.nationaldailyng.com/test/index.php/news/latest-news/3922-youths-protest-nomination-of-imo-speaker-for-ministerial-appointment * http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/news/20819-huriwa-clears-imo-speaker-of-corruption-ritual-killings-allegations * https://web.archive.org/web/20160922182824/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/letters/free-emeka-ugwuonye-now/154018.html [[Òtù:Human rights in Nigeria]] [[Òtù:Human rights organizations based in Nigeria]] [[Òtù:Youth organizations based in Nigeria]] acz84wk8etc6m72fsvkxe9crjzt3cbr 0 10653 688068 495677 2026-07-14T13:52:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|name=Yahaya Abdulkarim|image=|office1=[[Governor of Sokoto State]]|term_start1=January 1992|term_end1=November 1993|predecessor1=[[Bashir Salihi Magashi]]|successor1=[[Yakubu Mu'azu]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1944|8|21|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Talata Mafara]], [[Zamfara State]], Nigeria|death_date=|party=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria) |People's Democratic Party]]|nationality=[[Nigerian]]}}A họpụtara Malam '''Yahaya Abdulkarim''' dịka gọvanọ nke [[Ȯra Sokoto|Sokoto Steeti]], Nigeria site n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1992 ruo ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1993, n'oge General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] gbalịrị ịgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. <ref name="wstate">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-afọ 1999, ọ mechara bụrụ ike na ngalaba otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) na [[Ȯra Zamfara|Zamfara Steeti]], ma jee ozi nwa oge na kabinet nke onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] . <ref name="gusau">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200803280677.html|title=Gusau – PDP Members Take Protest to Abuja|author=Chuks Okocha|date=28 March 2008|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmalite == A mụrụ Yahaya Abdulkarim na n'ụbọchị iri abụọ n'otu nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1944 na Talata Mafara, [[Ȯra Zamfara|Zamfara Steeti]]. <ref name="exgov">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200911110210.html?page=2|title=Sixteen Years After – Where Are Babangida's Civilian Governors?|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=10 November 2009|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye isi ikike ndị isi obodo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2652:i-am-not-a-yoruba-man--former-sokoto-gov&catid=16:headline-news&Itemid=75|title=I Am Not A Yoruba Man – Former Sokoto Gov|author=Golu Timothy|date=18 June 2009|publisher=Leadership Nigeria|accessdate=2010-01-10|archivedate=2022-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330022838/https://www.leadershipnigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2652:i-am-not-a-yoruba-man--former-sokoto-gov&catid=16:headline-news&Itemid=75}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ bekee nke Steeti Ugwu ndịda anyanwụ dị ka onye nkuzi, ma nwee ọkwá dị iche iche tupu ọ laa ezumike nká n'afọ 1989 dị ka Onye nduzi izugbe na Onye ozi nke mmefu ego na Atụmatụ akụ na ụba na [[Ȯra Sokoto|Sokoto Steeti]] . == Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti == A họpụtara Abdulkarim dịka gọvanọ nke [[Ȯra Sokoto|Sokoto Steeti]], Naijiria n'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 1992, na-anọchite anya [[Mgbakọ National Republican|National Republican Convention]] (NRC). Ọ bụ onye ọchịchị [[Sani Abacha|General Sani Abacha]] chụpụrụ ya n'ọchịchị n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1993. <ref name="wstate"/> N’oge ya n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ya na [[Attahiru Bafarawa]], onye isi oche otu NRC na steeti ahụ nwere esemokwu. Esemokwu ahụ dịgidere, mgbe Bafarawa mechara bụrụ Gọvanọ nke Sokoto Steeti n'afọ 1999, ọ gbasoro iwu nke ileghara okporo ụzọ na ụlọ niile nke gọọmentị Abdulkarim wuru. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/30856/1/Bafarawa-Traits-from-his-past/Page1.html|title=Bafarawa: Traits from his past|date=1 January 2010|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, Abdulkarim bịanyere aka na iwu nke guzobere Politeknik nke Talata Mafara , E mechara kpọọ [[Abdu Gusau Polytechnic]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abdugusaupoly.org/agp/History.php|title=HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLYTECHNIC|publisher=Abdu Gusau Polytechnic|accessdate=2010-01-10|archivedate=2009-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214001902/http://www.abdugusaupoly.org/agp/History.php}}</ref> == Ọrụ Emechaa == N’ọnwa Septemba afọ 2002, ahọpụtara Abdulkarim na kọmịlị okpuru nke [[Ndị Niger Delta Development Commission|Ụlọ ọrụ mmepe Niger Delta]] ka ha leba anya n’ihe gbasara ijeri naịra ruru ijeri naịjirịa nke amalitere na steeti iteghete ndị na-emepụta mmanụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/ngguardian/2002/sep/16/article22.html|title=Governors raise team to monitor NNDC projects|author=Niyi Bello|date=16 September 2002|accessdate=2010-01-10|archivedate=2012-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304045950/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/ngguardian/2002/sep/16/article22.html}}</ref> A họpụtara Abdulkarim dị ka Onye ozi na-ahụ maka Ọrụ na kabịnetị onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo n'ọnwa Julai nke afọ 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/thisday/2005/07/14/as_obasanjo_reshuffles_cabinet_ministers_under_probe_for_corruption.php|date=14 July 2005|title=As Obasanjo Reshuffles Cabinet... Ministers Under Probe for Corruption|publisher=BNW News|accessdate=2010-01-10|archivedate=2012-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111023812/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/thisday/2005/07/14/as_obasanjo_reshuffles_cabinet_ministers_under_probe_for_corruption.php}}</ref> Ọ nọchiri Alhaji Saleh Shehu n'ọkwa a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=3765&z=12|title=FG removes 10 ministers • Ezekwesili, others get portfolios|date=14 July 2005|author=Yomi Odunuga, Sam Akpe and Isine Ibanga|publisher=OnlineNigeria|accessdate=2010-01-10|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195449/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=3765&z=12}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2006, ọ kpughere atụmatụ maka usoro mgbake okporo ụzọ sara mbara ma gbasie ike lekwasịrị anya n'oge ekeresimesi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200512020140.html|title=Works Ministry Repairs for Roads Yuletide Season|date=2 December 2005|publisher=Daily Champion|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> Mgbe achụrụ onye ozi na-ahụ maka ọrụ Adeseye Ogunlewe n'ọrụ n'ọnwa Machị nke afọ 2006, E buliri ya n'ọkwa nke onye ozi na-ahụ mak ọrụ.  Mgbe e mesịrị iọbịara n'okpuru ịjụ ase nke Sịnetị maka omume ya mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/sunday_magazine/article10//indexn3_html?pdate=251009&ptitle=Bad%20Roads:%20Shameful%20Faces%20Of%20A%20Nation&cpdate=291009|title=Senate ''Ad Hoc'' Committee Recommendation on Transportation|date=25 October 2009|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ntuli aka gọvanọ nke Zamfara State n'okpuru otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchi Peoples Democratic (PDP) na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/archive/DT01012007/fg1107.html|title=FG reviews contract for Gusau – Sokoto road, says guber candidate|publisher=Daily Triumph|accessdate=2010-01-10|date=1 January 2007|archivedate=2008-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120065415/http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/archive/DT01012007/fg1107.html}}</ref> Ka ọ na-eru afọ 2007, PDP Zamfara Steeti kewara n'otu abụọ, otu nke Abdulkarim n'edu ya na nke ọzọ nke onye ndụmọdụ ihe gbasara nchekwa obodo nke gara aga bụ General [[Aliyu Gusau]] n'edu. N’ọnwa Maachị afọ 2008, Abdulkarim duuru ndị nnọchi anya Zamfara ka ha rịọ onye isi ala nke PDP [[Vincent Ogbulafor]], ka Gusau ghara itinye aka na ihe gbasara otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchi ahụ. <ref name="gusau"/> N'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2008, a kọrọ na a na-atụle ya maka ọkwa onye ozi na kansụl nke onye isi ala [[Umaru Yar'Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200810310744.html|title=Kazir, Lafiagi May Make New Cabinet|author=Habeeb I. Pindiga|date=31 October 2008|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> == Ebensidee ==  {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT: Abdulkarim, Yahaya}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1944]] [[Òtù:Category:National Replubican Convention]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Gọvanọ Sokoto Steeti]] 1pxqv94a7z7ffk7i5oneb23i008ji3k 0 11258 688081 126259 2026-07-14T15:22:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Yuko Araki (新木 優子, Araki Yūko, amụrụ n'abali iri na ise nke ọnwa Desemba 1993 na Tokyo)<ref name="News Post Seven">{{Cite web|url=http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20150615_328633.html|title=新ゼクシィガール新木優子 「広瀬すず級の逸材」との評価も|work=News Post Seven|language=ja|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|date=15 Jun 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> bụ ome ihe nkiri si Japan na ome ejije nlereanya mma nke [[Nkwalite Stardust|Stardust Promotion]] na anọchite anya ya. == Akụkọ ndụ == Araki nwetara ọrụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Takakura, Fuminori|url=http://www.talentsearch.jp/column/%E6%96%B0cm%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E3%81%AB%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%88%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3.html|title=新CMクイーン候補に浮上したフォトジェニック美女☆新木優子|work=Talent Power Ranking|language=ja|publisher=Architect|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=25 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625134722/http://www.talentsearch.jp/column/%E6%96%B0cm%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E3%81%AB%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%88%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3.html}}</ref> Ọrụ ihe nkiri isi mbụ ya bụ ''Ikari o Nagero'' na Mee 2008. <ref name="News Post Seven"/> Araki ghọrọ Onye atụ pụrụ iche maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''non-no'' na 2014. <ref name="News Post Seven" /> Ọrụ izizi ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya bụ ihe nkiri Fuji Television drama ''Love Alien'' na 2016. <ref name="Oricon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2073960/full/|title=『ゼクシィ』CMガール新木優子、連ドラ初主演 『ラブラブエイリアン』実写化|work=Oricon Style|language=ja|publisher=[[Oricon]]|date=24 Jun 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> Nka Araki nwere bụ ịkpọ euphonium na opi . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/newsflash/751647/|language=ja|work=[[Tokyo Sports]]|title=新木優子「幸福の科学」信者判明で波紋　さらなる女優信者も|date=August 31, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20170904/DailyNews_1351467.html|language=ja|work=[[Excite (web portal)|Excite]] Japan|title=新木優子、"幸福の科学"信者発覚で関係者「以前から発言内容がおかしかった」|date=September 4, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> Ọ gụpụtara Gabby Gabby na Japanese dub of Toy akụkọ nke anọ . == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 | ''Ikari o Nagero'' | Neomi | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://idisk.mac.com/dai_yama/Public/ikari.html|title=東京藝術大学大学院映像研究科紹介ページ|language=ja|publisher=[[Tokyo University of the Arts]]|date=24 May 2008|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Aha Tori'' | Mai Katayama | | |- | 2010 |Confession | | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | ''Usotsuki Mii-kun to Kowareta Maa-chan'' | | | |- | ''Shojo-tachi yo'' | | Ihe nkiri anaghị ewepụta | |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 |School Girl Complete Hōsōbu Hen | Futaba Eriguchi | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdpr.jp/cinema/detail/1270423|title=「Seventeen」モデル、"男子禁制のガールズラブ"に「素をさらけ出した」|language=ja|work=Modelpress|date=August 19, 2013|accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref> |- | ''Yurusenai, Aịtaị'' | Mari Hashimoto | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1287541|title=注目の美少女モデル、大反響受けカバーガールに抜擢 その素顔は干物女？ モデルプレスインタビュー|language=ja|work=Modelpress|date=October 11, 2013|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Kazoku-gokko'' | | Ihe nkiri Omnibus; pụtara na "Hinnyū Club" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eiga.com/news/20150606/2/|title=斎藤工、短編映画で悪人演じ「良い人役の方がCM決まりやすい」|language=ja|publisher=Eiga.com|date=6 Jun 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Kaze no Tayori'' | Kurumi | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eiga.com/news/20151215/22/|title=新木優子、バースデーサプライズに満面の笑み！初主演映画が仙台でプレミア上映|language=ja|publisher=Eiga.com|date=15 Dec 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2016/01/30/kiji/K20160130011950410.html|title=新ゼクシィガール新木優子　初主演映画で「温かい気持ちになって」|work=Sponichi Annex|language=ja|publisher=[[Sports Nippon]]|date=30 Jan 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Nakimushi Piero na Kekkonshiki'' | Maki Inaba | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/185030|title=志田未来と竜星涼がW主演、実話をもとにした小説「泣き虫ピエロの結婚式」映画化|work=Eiga Natalie|language=ja|publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=26 Apr 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=3 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403080052/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/185030}}</ref> |- |Intern¿ | Haruka Kawakura | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/190350|title=風間トオルが女子大生に憑依！新木優子主演「インターン！」今秋公開|work=Eiga Natalie|language=ja|publisher=Natalie|date=10 Jun 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=12 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193102/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/190350}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 |Our Meal for Tomorrow | Koharu Uemura | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/174297|title=中島裕翔、初の恋愛映画主演！「僕らのごはんは明日で待ってる」ヒロインは新木優子|work=Eiga Natalie|language=ja|publisher=Natalie|date=1 Feb 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=2 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202071737/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/174297}}</ref> |- |EVIl and the Mask | Kaori | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/pp/akutokamen|title=「悪と仮面のルール」玉木宏×新木優子 / 吉沢亮×中村文則インタビュー|language=ja|work=Eiga Natalie|publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|date=January 13, 2018|accessdate=June 28, 2018|archivedate=December 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193102/https://natalie.mu/eiga/pp/akutokamen}}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''Anoko no Toriko'' | Shizuku | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0092753|language=ja|work=Cinema Today|title=「あのコの、トリコ。」実写映画化！吉沢亮×新木優子×杉野遥亮|author=Ichikawa|first=Haruka|date=July 10, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''100 Nichi Go ni Shinu Wani'' | Senpai (olu) | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2184716/full/|title=アニメ映画『100ワニ』5・28公開 主人公に神木隆之介、中村倫也ら豪華キャスト集結|accessdate=February 17, 2021|work=Oricon}}</ref> |- |} === Ihe nkiri TV === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Netwọk ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 2009 | ''Ezigbo akwa'' | | KTV | Nkeji nke asaa | |- | 2012 | ''Dragon Seinendan'' | Yuka | MBS | | |- | 2013 | ''Ọkachamara Kamen Rider'' | Chiaki Shimizu | Ọpụpụ | Isi nke 34 na nke 35 | |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Nri ụtụtụ nwa agbọghọ'' | Risa Arai | NTV | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2058839/full/|title=トリンドル玲奈"朝食女子"役で連ドラ初主演「精一杯努力します!」|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=9 Sep 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | ''Ụlọ akwụkwọ mkpọrọ'' | Anzu Yokoyama | MBS | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20150905/TokyoPopLine_48074.html|title=中川大志、山崎紘菜、森川葵…個性溢れる若手集結のドラマ「監獄学園」キャスト発表|language=ja|publisher=Excite News|date=5 Sep 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=16 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616231302/https://www.excite.co.jp/News/entertainment_g/20150905/TokyoPopLine_48074.html}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Ụlọ gị bụ azụmahịa m!'' | Madoka Murata | NTV | | |- | ''Lovehụnanya Alien'' | Sonomi Ishibashi | CX | Ọrụ ndu | <ref name="Oricon"/> |- | rowspan="3" | 2017 | ''Nsogbu: Squad nchekwa pụrụ iche'' | Oyama Rei | KTV | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2085157/full/|title=小栗旬×西島秀俊、新火9ドラマに田中哲司、野間口徹、新木優子ら出演決定|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=28 Jan 2017|accessdate=7 Feb 2017}}</ref> |- | ''Nde Yen Women'' | Hiraki Nanaka | TX | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2087732/full/|title=RAD野田主演ドラマ、女性キャスト発表 道間慎の劇中ビジュアルも公開|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=18 Mar 2017|accessdate=18 Mar 2017}}</ref> |- | ''Koodu Blue Season 3'' | Yokomine Akari | CX | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2091135/full/|title=『コード・ブルー』新キャストに有岡大貴、成田凌、新木優子ら 椎名桔平も継続|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=23 May 2017|accessdate=20 Jun 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Nsusu ọnụ na-egbu egbu'' | Mikoto Namiki | NTV | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2103162/full/|language=ja|title=山崎賢人、初連ドラ主演作がHulu版オリジナルを毎週配信|work=Oricon News|date=December 28, 2017|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | ''Anyị bụ rọketi!'' | Aoi Fujitani | TBS | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/cheerdan_tbs/cast/|title=金曜ドラマ『チア☆ダン』|accessdate=June 15, 2018|work=TBS}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | 2019 | ''Motokare Mania'' | Yurika | CX | Ọrụ ndu | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20190717dog00m200068000c.html|title=新木優子：地上波ドラマ初主演で"恋愛下手女子"に　高良健吾と初共演でラブコメ|accessdate=July 19, 2019|work=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | 2020 | ''America bụ Makenakatta Otoko'' | Kazuko Asọ | TX | | |- |} === Ihe nkiri Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Netwọk ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2011 | ''BitWorld'' | NHK E TV | Dị ka Nina |- | 2012 | ''Cho Saigen!'' ''Ihe omimi'' | NTV | As Harumi Miyase [lower-alpha 1] |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | ''Ihe ngosi ụbọchị egwuregwu J-League'' | Sky PerfectTV! | "J-Youth Lab" navigator |- | ''Sonna Baka na Man'' | Fuji TV | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/owarai/news/131258|language=ja|title=バナナマン×バカリズム特番第3弾が明日放送|work=natalie|date=November 14, 2014|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}</ref> |- | 2016 | ''1-ko Dake Yellow'' | NBN | MC |} === Ogbo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2010 | ''Dropping: by Fure Rareru Izen ni Kieru Jiyū o Motte Iru.'' | |} === Mgbasa ozi === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 2011 | NTT DoCoMo "Oen Gakuwari" | | |- | 2013 | Calpis "Pruits Parlor" | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | Skylark Gusto | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skylark.co.jp/gusto/autumn_premium/|title=ガストでフォアグラ!|work=Gusto|language=ja|publisher=Skylark|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=13 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913105554/https://www.skylark.co.jp/gusto/autumn_premium/index.html}}</ref> |- | Nissan Dayz | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nissan.co.jp/AP-CONTENTS/POSTOFFICE/ANSWERS/35869.html#b|language=ja|title=Q: デイズ(2013/06～・AA0型) CMについて教えて|publisher=Nissan|accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" | 2015 | Nri ụlọ "Otona no Tongari Cone " | | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Araki, Yuko|date=19 Jan 2015|url=http://ameblo.jp/yuko-araki/entry-11979056045.html|title=＊大人のとんがりコーン｜新木優子オフィシャルブログ Powered by Ameba|language=ja|publisher=CyberAgent|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | Recruit ''Zexy'' | ''Zexy'' ọgbọ nke 8 CM | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2015/05/21/kiji/K20150521010389860.html|title=ゼクシィ８代目ＣＭガールは新木優子 結婚「いつでも大歓迎」|work=Sports Nippon|language=ja|publisher=Sports Nippon|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zexy.net/contents/cm//|title=ゼクシィCMサイト〜プロポーズされたら、ゼクシィ|work=Zexy CM Site|language=ja|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=24 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524021019/https://zexy.net/contents/cm//}}</ref> |- | Kracie Ichi Kami | | <ref>{{Cite web|author=Araki, Yuko|date=21 Mar 2015|url=http://ameblo.jp/yuko-araki/entry-12004403833.html|title=＊お知らせ｜新木優子オフィシャルブログ Powered by Ameba|language=ja|publisher=[[CyberAgent]]|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | au "Ndewo, Ụwa Ọhụrụ." | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000121.000001475.html|title=五感を揺さぶる新体験を、すべての人に。世界の絶景を飛び回る、新体験空間が待っています。Hello, New World. warp cube|language=ja|publisher=KDDI Corporation|date=21 Aug 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | Onye ibe | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2063986/full/|title=向井理が"出世"し、頼りがいある上司に 期待の若手女優・新木優子と共演|work=Oricon Style|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=17 Dec 2015|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | 2016 | Eisai "Chocola BB" | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2071889/full/|title=永作博美、パンサー・尾形貴弘を一刀両断「前に出過ぎ」|work=Oricon Style|language=ja|publisher=Oricon|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |} === Vidio egwu === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu ! Ref. |- | 2007 | Naotarọ Moriyama "Taiyō no Nihohi" | | |- | 2009 | D-51 "Nwanyị Akwala ákwá" | | |- | 2010 | eluigwe na ala "echoes" | | |- | rowspan="3" | 2011 | Ịhụnanya "Ụbọchị ọzọ: Mataau Hi Mere" | | |- | Yu-A "Gomen ne, Mama" | | |- | suzumoku "Majime na Hito" | | |- | 2013 | Hazzie "maka Gi." | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/95343|title=ハジ→「超ハジバム。」収録曲決定&「for YOU。」PV公開|work=Natalie|language=ja|date=19 Jul 2013|accessdate=1 Jul 2016|archivedate=12 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212193106/https://natalie.mu/music/news/95343}}</ref> |- | 2014 | Galileo Galilei "Mrs. Summer" | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musicman-net.com/artist/38857.html|title=Galileo Galilei、新曲「Mrs. Summer」MVに出演のモデル新木優子が可愛いと話題に|work=Musicman-Net|language=ja|date=8 May 2014|accessdate=1 Jul 2016}}</ref> |- | 2015 | BToB "Mirai (Ashita)" | | |- | 2016 | Ketsumeishi "Bokura no Tame ni. . " | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdpr.jp/music/detail/1626204|title=新木優子は「確実に"来る"」抜群の透明感＆涙に絶賛続く|work=Modelpress|language=ja|date=20 Oct 2016|accessdate=13 Nov 2016}}</ref> |} === Mgbasa ozi === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2011 | ''Kyoto Kimono Yuzen'' katalọgụ | |} === Ịntanetị === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2009 | OCN Game ''Dennō Yo-ki Magazine OG Ko Mukashibanashi-gō'' Vol. 36 | [lower-alpha 2] |- | 2010 | Choo College Group "My way! My dream!" onye isi | Dị ka Yuna |} === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2014 | ''abụghị mba'' | Ihe nlereanya pụrụiche |} == Ihe ndetu ==   a.Reproduc drama. b. kantō Gravure(OG Studio) == Nrụtụaka ==   == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Commons category-inline|Yuko Araki}} * {{Official website|http://ameblo.jp/yuko-araki|Official blog}} - {{in lang|ja}} * {{Official website|http://www.stardust.co.jp/section3/profile/arakiyuko.html|name=Official agency profile}} - {{in lang|ja}} {{Stardust Promotion}} dz35pprjqb3p5f3jdn1rvkuz4vwx0pz 0 11764 688062 638558 2026-07-14T13:10:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} == Early life and education == Amụrụ Samuel na 18 September 1990, na calabar, cross river state, o gara federal government girls college, calabar MA GA mahadum nke calabar na 2006 ebe ọ nwetara nzere BSc na zoology na environmental biology. Na afo2021, Samuel nwetara nzere advanced diploma inhuman resource management na organisational development nke university of Lagos, Nigeria. == Personal life == N'August 2017, nwanne ya nwoke, Blessing Samuel, nwụrụ mgbe ọ rịachara obere ọrịa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=Media personality Wofai Samuel loses brother, writes touching tribute|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/media-personality-wofai-samuel-loses-brother-writes-touching-tributes/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ọrụ na Mahadum Calabar na nke a bịara mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị na 1996. == Ọrụ == === Azụmahịa na itinye ego === [[Usòrò:Wofai_Samuel_with_a_cross-section_of_Belarusian_Ministers_in_Minsk.jpg|thumb| Samuel nwere akụkụ obe nke Belarusian Minister na Minsk na 2017]] Samuel chịburu <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-10|title=CBN Cashless Card Expo Africa starts June 14|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cbn-cashless-card-expo-africa-starts-june-14/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> Central Bank of Nigeria Cashless Card Forum <ref>{{Cite web|title=At the CBN CASHLESS CARDEXPO AFRICA 2016 - Paul Ukpabio's Blog|url=https://www.paulukpabio.com.ng/2016/06/at-cbn-cashless-cardexpo-africa-2016.html?m=0|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=www.paulukpabio.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-27|title=WOFAI SAMUEL HOST 2016 CBN CASHLESS DINNER AND AWARDS [PICTURES]|url=https://calabarblog.com/wofai-samuel-host-2016-cbn-cashless-dinner-awards-pictures/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=CALABAR BLOG|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123031/https://calabarblog.com/wofai-samuel-host-2016-cbn-cashless-dinner-awards-pictures/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=eventnewsafrica|date=2016-05-30|title=CBN Cashless Card Expo 2016|url=https://www.eventnews.tv/event/cbn-cashless-card-expo-2016/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Eventnews Africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123024/https://www.eventnews.tv/event/cbn-cashless-card-expo-2016/}}</ref> na 2016 na mbipụta nke isii nke Kọmitii E-banking Heads <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-09|title=Wofai Samuel hosts top dignitaries at 6th e-banking retreat|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wofai-samuel-hosts-top-dignitaries-at-6th-e-banking-retreat/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> Retreat. Na June 2017, Samuel bụ onyeisi oche nke Ministerial Panels for [[Belarus]] -Africa Forum na Minsk, nke Development Bank of Belarus na African Export-Import Bank haziri, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-16|title=Minsk: Wofai Samuel chairs ministerial discussions for Belarus, Africa forum|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/minsk-wofai-samuel-chairs-ministerial-discussions-belarus-africa-forum/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus) na Belarus Ministry of Agriculture. . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-15|title=Wofai Samuel hosts Belarus - Africa forum in Minsk|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/wofai-samuel-hosts-belarus-africa-forum-minsk/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na February 2018, Samuel chịburu Global Trade Review's <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=Experts seek infrastructural development to foster trade, investment in West Africa|url=https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225013600/https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/}}</ref> West Africa Trade and Export Finance Conference. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Trade Review West Africa at Global Trade Review via Movemeback|url=https://www.movemeback.com/events/global-trade-review-global-trade-review-west-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Movemeback|language=en}}</ref> N'October 2018, O nyere okwu isi okwu maka African Investments UK, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Investments|first=African|date=October 2018|title=African Investments Final Agenda|url=https://www.africaninvestments.co/wp-content/uploads/sites/96/2018/10/Nigeria-and-LoftyInc-2018-Final-Agenda.pdf|accessdate=2022-02-24|archivedate=2021-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223105243/https://www.africaninvestments.co/wp-content/uploads/sites/96/2018/10/Nigeria-and-LoftyInc-2018-Final-Agenda.pdf}}</ref> na ihe kpatara itinye ego na Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-14|title=Wofai Samuel speaks on 'Why Invest in Nigeria'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/wofai-samuel-speaks-on-why-invest-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2018, ọ chịziri Mwepụta nke African Export–Import Bank Project Preparation Facility <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-24|title=Wofai chairs Afrexim Bank's Launch of PPF in Jo'burg, South Africa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/wofai-chairs-afrexim-banks-launch-of-ppf-in-joburg-south-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> n'akụkụ nke African Development Bank (AfDB) Investment Forum, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-15|title=Wofai Samuel, Chairs Afrexim Bank's Launch of PPF in Jo'burg|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wofai-samuel-chairs-afrexim-banks-launch-of-ppf-in-joburg/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> South Africa. Samuel chịburu West Africa Trade & Investment Stakeholders Nzukọ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=Experts seek infrastructural development to foster trade, investment in West Africa|url=https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225013600/https://guardian.ng/news/experts-seek-infrastructural-development-to-foster-trade-investment-in-west-africa/}}</ref> na Nigeria-Italy Economic Investment Summit na 2019. Na Maachị 2021, ọ chịburu ọgbakọ nke <ref>{{Cite web|title=WOFAI SAMUEL – ALCFI|url=https://alcfi.com/wofai-samuel/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123024/https://alcfi.com/wofai-samuel/}}</ref> African Finance, Economy & Compliance e mere <ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa's leading oil and gas event.|url=https://africa-oilweek.com/Articles/week-round-up0104|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=africa-oilweek.com|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225123027/https://africa-oilweek.com/Articles/week-round-up0104}}</ref> n'anụ ahụ yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na [[Angola]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-27|title=African Local Content Fund Initiative launched in Angola|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/african-local-content-fund-initiative-launched-in-angola/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba 2021, ọ duru onye isi Federal Ministry of Communications & Digital Economy's ICT-SMEs Forum na Frequency Spectrum Conference na Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Wofai Samuel chairs Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy Frequency Spectrum Management Forum|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/wofai-samuel-chairs-federal-ministry-of-communications-and-digital-economy-frequency-spectrum-management-forum/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Na June na Nọvemba 2018, Samuel mere ndokwa ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche Africa Trade and Investment Global Summit na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=admin - ATIGS|url=https://atigs2018.com/admin-atigs/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=ATIGS – 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> na Mines & Money London, Otú ọ dị, ọ tụfuru nzukọ ndị a na ndabere nke akwụkwọ ikike visa nke American Embassy na British High Commission. Abuja . === Mmanụ na gas === Samuel bụ oche nwanyị mbụ maka Oil Trading Logistics Africa Downstream (ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala) Izu, OTL na Ọktoba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-09|title=Wofai Samuel establishes New Frontiers|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/11/wofai-samuel-establishes-new-frontiers/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ chịziri nnọkọ ọgbakọ maka Oil and Gas Council <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-13|title=Oil and Gas Council holds Nigeria Assembly|url=https://punchng.com/oil-and-gas-council-confer-on-investment-in-sector/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-06|title=Media personality Wofai Samuel emerges youngest representative for the energy Nigeria assembly|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/media-personality-wofai-samuel-emerges-youngest-representative-for-the-energy-nigeria-assembly/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Nigeria Energy Assembly. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-30|title=Oil and Gas executives set roadmap at West Africa Energy Assembly|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/oil-gas-executives-set-roadmap-west-africa-energy-assembly/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-30|title=Oil and gas experts meet in private drinks reception|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/oil-gas-experts-meet-private-drinks-reception/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> Ministri Petroleum [[Kenya]], na ọtụtụ gọọmentị Africa ndị ọzọ gbakọtara na Nairobi maka Summit Sub-Saharan Africa Mmanụ, Gas & Energy Infrastructure Summit, Samuel <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-20|title=Wofai Samuel chairs Oil, Gas & Energy infrastructure summit in Kenya|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wofai-samuel-chairs-oil-gas-energy-infrastructure-summit-in-kenya/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> na-elekọta emume a na 2018. Na Nọvemba 2019, Samuel bụ onye isi okwu maka mmiri emepụtara Texas, ogbako njikwa mmiri mba ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-18|title=Wofai Samuel leads keynote presentation for Produced Water Management Conference, Africa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/11/wofai-samuel-leads-keynote-presentation-for-produced-water-management-conference-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-21|title=FIN Holds Exclusive Virtual Meeting with Secretary-General of APPO|url=https://ibekachikwu.com/fin-holds-exclusive-virtual-meeting-with-secretary-general-of-appo/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Ibe Kachikwu|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225013602/https://ibekachikwu.com/fin-holds-exclusive-virtual-meeting-with-secretary-general-of-appo/}}</ref> nke mba ụwa. Na Julaị 2020, a họpụtara Samuel ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke FIN Oil & Gas, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=Foreign Investment Network - fIN host Global Petroleum Leaders in it's Upstream Oil & Gas Investment Meeting|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/foreign-investment-network-fin-host-global-petroleum-leaders-in-its-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> ntinye ego si mba ofesi dabere na London. Na Disemba 2020, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-05|title=Petroleum Industry Leaders Across The Globe, Grace Foreign Investment Network FIN Upstream Oil & Gas Investment Meeting|url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/petroleum-industry-leaders-across-the-globe-grace-foreign-investment-network-fin-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Foreign Investment Network|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141846/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/petroleum-industry-leaders-across-the-globe-grace-foreign-investment-network-fin-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/}}</ref> Samuel weputara usoro nzukọ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-18|title=FIN hosts Secretary General of African Petroleum Producers Organization|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/fin-hosts-secretary-general-of-african-petroleum-producers-organization/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=TVC News|language=en-US}}</ref> maka Upstream (ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala), na-adọta mba 22, 21 Petroleum & Energy Operating Companies n'ụwa niile <ref>{{Cite web|author=admineuro|title=Foreign Investment Network – fIN host Twenty One Petroleum & Energy Operating Companies in it’s Upstream Oil & Gas Investment Meeting. {{!}} Euro Knowledge|url=https://euroknowledge.org/foreign-investment-network-fin-host-twenty-one-petroleum-energy-operating-companies-in-its-upstream-oil-gas-investment-meeting/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> na 150 Senior <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-24|title=Global Investment outlook for Upstream Oil & Gas Post Covid-19, Perspectives from the Top.|url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/global-investment-outlook-for-upstream-oil-gas-post-covid-19-perspectives-from-the-top/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Foreign Investment Network|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141844/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/global-investment-outlook-for-upstream-oil-gas-post-covid-19-perspectives-from-the-top/}}</ref> ndị nwere oke, gụnyere nke Federal Ministry nke Petroleum Resources (Nigeria), African Petroleum Producers' Organisation, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-26|title=fIN holds an exclusive conversation with The Secretary General of African Petroleum Producers Organization.|url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-holds-an-exclusive-conversation-with-the-secretary-general-of-african-petroleum-producers-organization/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Foreign Investment Network|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141844/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-holds-an-exclusive-conversation-with-the-secretary-general-of-african-petroleum-producers-organization/}}</ref> Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Shell, Waltersmith Petroman Oil, Chevron, Bank of America, Exxon Mobil, Invictus Energy Australia, Schlumberger, Crystol Energy, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Experts Seek Improved Intra-African Trade to Sustain Energy Sector|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/17/experts-seek-improved-intra-african-trade-to-sustain-energy-sector/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> na Saudi Aramco . === Ike na ume === Na 2017, Samuel duru <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-03|title=Nigerian companies shine at regional awards|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nigerian-companies-shine-at-regional-awards/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> West Africa Power & Energy Industry Awards <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-15|title=Wofai Samuel to host West African Power Industry Awards|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/11/wofai-samuel-host-west-african-power-industry-awards/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> maka Spintelligent South Africa. Ọ chịkwara West Africa Energy, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-19|title=Africa Business Ventures and Investment reveals plans for 2018 summit|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/africa-business-ventures-and-investment-reveals-plans-for-2018-summit/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Trade & Mining Infrastructure Summit, [[Ghana]] na 2018. Na 10 Ọgọst 2021, a họpụtara Samuel ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Team – African Energy & Infrastructure|url=https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/about-us/our-team/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141845/https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/about-us/our-team/}}</ref> Africa Energy and Infrastructure (UK). <ref>{{Cite web|title=African Leadership Magazine – ALM, Signs MOU with the Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), to Promote Multi-lateral Investment Opportunities in the Energy & Infrastructure Sectors. – African Energy & Infrastructure|url=https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/african-leadership-magazine-alm-signs-mou-with-the-associated-chambers-of-commerce-industry-of-india-assocham-to-promote-multi-lateral-investment-opportunities-in-the-energy-infrastr/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225141845/https://www.africaenergyandinfrastructure.com/african-leadership-magazine-alm-signs-mou-with-the-associated-chambers-of-commerce-industry-of-india-assocham-to-promote-multi-lateral-investment-opportunities-in-the-energy-infrastr/}}</ref> == Ọrụ mmekọrịta == Na 24 Disemba 2020, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-03|title=Wofai Samuel elected as Communications Chair for United States of America’s Exchange Program YALI|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/wofai-samuel-elected-as-communications-chair-for-united-states-of-americas-exchange-program-yali/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> a họpụtara Samuel ka onye isi oche nkwukọrịta nke anọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=YALI RLC Alumni|date=2022-01-03|title=U.S Consulate, reiterates support for YALI RLC Alumni activities in Nigeria — Wofai Samuel.|url=https://yalirlcalumning.medium.com/u-s-consulate-reiterates-support-for-yali-rlc-alumni-activities-in-nigeria-wofai-samuel-4ee3a04298df|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> maka ndị isi ntorobịa Africa, YALI RLC West Africa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wofai Samuel - Meet the alumni|url=http://meetalumni.yaliwestafrica.org/profile/view/wofai-samuel|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=meetalumni.yaliwestafrica.org|language=en-us}}</ref> (Nigeria Alumnus <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=YALI RLC Alumni|date=2021-12-30|title=YALI RLC’s Wofai Samuel visits Secondary schools across Lagos, sensitizes Teens and Donates…|url=https://yalirlcalumning.medium.com/wofai-samuel-visits-secondary-schools-across-lagos-sensitizes-teens-and-donates-covid-19-f3474b79d6d5|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> ). Ndị Royal Commonwealth Society họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka ikpe maka asọmpi Essay Commonwealth nke Queen na June 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=YALI RLC Alumni|date=2022-01-03|title=Farewell Speech by YALI RLC Nigeria’s Communications Chair, Wofai Samuel|url=https://yalirlcalumning.medium.com/farewell-speech-by-wofai-samuel-64c015ec74e0|accessdate=2022-01-03|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> wee ṅụọ iyi dị ka odeakwụkwọ mgbasa ozi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-01|title=Wofai Samuel emerges publicity secretary for The United States Government Exchange Alumni Association|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/wofai-samuel-emerges-publicity-secretary-for-the-united-states-government-exchange-alumni-association/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> maka ndị otu mgbanwe mgbanwe gọọmentị United States <ref>{{Cite web|title=Excos|url=https://usgeaa.org/excos/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=United States Government Exchanges Alumni Association|language=en-GB}}</ref> na 1 October 2021. == Ihe nrite na nnabata == Na 2013, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-31|title=Here are the Nominees for Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards 2013|url=https://olorisupergal.com/2013/10/31/here-are-the-nominees-for-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-2013/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Olori Supergal|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419134117/https://olorisupergal.com/2013/10/31/here-are-the-nominees-for-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-2013/}}</ref> 2014 <ref>{{Cite web|author=esho|first=wemi|date=2014-10-03|title=Nominees For Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards (NBMA) 2014|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/final-list-nominees-for-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-nbma-2014/5ps8jpv|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> na 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Finally! Here Is Authentic List Of Nominees For NBMA 2015|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/204198/finally-here-is-authentic-list-of-nominees-for-nbma-2015.html|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> n'otu n'otu, a họpụtara Samuel maka Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards na ụdị nke Ọpụrụiche TV Personality nke afọ. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke Life Changers Awards, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular OAP, Wofai Samuel to Be Hosted in London|url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/98-radio-n-tv/33223-popular-oap-wofai-samuel-to-be-hosted-in-london|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Nigeriafilms.com|language=en-gb|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225170357/https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/98-radio-n-tv/33223-popular-oap-wofai-samuel-to-be-hosted-in-london}}</ref> United Kingdom (2015), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular OAP, Wofai Samuel to Be Hosted in London|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/190412/popular-oap-wofai-samuel-to-be-hosted-in-london.html|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Maya Awards Africa (2016), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Photos! Juliet Ibrahim, Mercy Aigbe, Wofai Samuel, More Storm MAYA Awards + Winners List|url=https://onobello.com/photos-juliet-ibrahim-mercy-aigbe-wofai-samuel-more-storm-maya-awards-winners-list/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=onobello.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225170353/https://onobello.com/photos-juliet-ibrahim-mercy-aigbe-wofai-samuel-more-storm-maya-awards-winners-list/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-07|title=CROSS RIVER BORN WOFAI SAMUEL WINS MAYA AWARDS 2016 – TV PERSONALITY OF THE YEAR|url=https://calabarblog.com/cross-river-born-wofai-samuel-wins-maya-awards-2016-tv-personality-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=CALABAR BLOG|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225170350/https://calabarblog.com/cross-river-born-wofai-samuel-wins-maya-awards-2016-tv-personality-of-the-year/}}</ref> West Africa Media Community Awards (2019), <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=International Media Personality, Wofai Samuel bags West Africa Media Community Awards for Excellence in Public Communications|url=https://trekafrica.net/headlines/international-media-personality-wofai-samuel-bags-west-africa-media-community-awards-for-excellence-in-public-communications/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Trek Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Prestige International Excellence Awards. (2019), <ref>{{Cite web|author=prestigeNewsEditor|title=International Media Personality, Wofai Samuel bags Prestige Excellence Awards as International Media Personality of The Year.|url=https://www.prestigenewsonline.com/international-media-personality-wofai-samuel-bags-prestige-excellence-awards-as-international-media-personality-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-US}}</ref> na Trek Africa Awards 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-23|title=WOFAI SAMUEL SHINES AS TREK AFRICA INTERNATIONAL MEDIA PERSONALITY OF THE YEAR|url=https://trekafrica.net/headlines/wofai-samuel-shines-as-trek-africa-international-media-personality-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Trek Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> N’ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, akpọrọ Samuel na <nowiki><i id="mw4w">Forbes Africa</i></nowiki> ka ọ na-akpụzi ọdịnihu kọntinent ahụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Africa|first=Forbes|date=October 2020|title=Investing in Africas Leading Businesses Supplement.pdf|url=https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Investing-in-Africas-Leading-Businesses-Supplement.pdf|journal=}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rwqxapiqvqyj1xjvmlvmah9hp8fdmym 0 19184 688201 632905 2026-07-15T08:59:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2face Idibia.png|thumb|2Baba na mmepe égwú ya ''The Ascension'', 2014]] '''Innocent Ujah Idibia''' {{Audio|Ta-Innocent Ujah Idibia.ogg|Audio}} (Amụrụ na 18 Septemba 1975), nke a maara site n' aha egwu ya '''2Baba''', bụ onye [[Naijiria]] na-eti ma na-edekwa egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography of the legendary singer 2Baba {{!}} Pulse Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/celebrities/biography-of-the-legendary-singer-2baba-2025021414450330274|work=www.pulse.ng|accessdate=2025-06-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/224789-2face-donates-n3-5-million-help-persons-displaced-boko-haram.html|title=2Face donates N3.5 million to help persons displaced by Boko Haram|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=3 September 2019|website=Premium Times}}</ref> A na-ewere ya dịka otu n'ime ndị egwu kachasị ukwuu na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-21|title=Appreciating 2Baba as a conventional blueprint for longevity|url=https://thenativemag.com/2baba-blueprint-nigerian-music-2/|accessdate=2022-06-03|work=The NATIVE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ohunyon|first=Ehis|date=2018-07-16|title=Is 2baba the greatest Nigerian artist ever?|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-is-2baba-the-greatest-nigerian-artist-ever/g8cwn6r|accessdate=2022-06-02|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye kachasị ewu ewu maka igụ egwu na afọ 2000, site na egwú nke mbụ ya bụ ''Face2Face''. O bụ n'ime albọm ahu ka enwere egwu, "African Queen", nke ewerụrụ dika egwu butere mmata ọhụrụ na nsọpụrụ maka egwu Naijiria n'[[Afrịka]] na Mba uwa niile.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ohunyon|first=Ehis|date=2018-05-16|title=14 years after, 'Face 2 Face' is still a gem of an album|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7|accessdate=2022-06-03|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Tupu Julaị 2014, 2Baba na aza 2face Idibia. Ọ bụ onye mmeri asambodo di iche íchè dika [[MTV Europe Music Awards]] na afọ 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title=2face changes name to 'Tu-baba'|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/2face-changes-name-tu-baba/|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=30 July 2014|date=27 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-is-2baba-the-greatest-nigerian-artist-ever/g8cwn6r|title=Is 2baba the greatest Nigerian artist ever?|date=16 July 2018|accessdate=3 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html|title=10 things to know about 2face as he turns 42 &#124; Premium Times Nigeria|date=18 September 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, 2baba, na mmekorita ya na ndị egwu ọzọ [[Cobhams Asuquo]] na Timi Dakolo, wepụtara abụ maka ịmara ikike ụmụaka. == Mmalite ndú == [[Usòrò:2baba.jpg|thumb|2baba dika oyi akwa na acha ọbara obara]] A mụrụ 2Baba na [[Jos]], Naijiria, ma site n'agbụrụ Idoma nke dị na [[Ȯra Benue]].<ref name="Rise and Rise of Tu-Face">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/prime/bob/10109113755.htm|title=Rise and Rise of Tu-Face|publisher=newswatchngr.com|date=9 January 2006|accessdate=6 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715031503/http://www.newswatchngr.com/editorial/prime/bob/10109113755.htm|archivedate=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mount Saint Gabriel nke dị na [[Makurdi]], na ihe ọmụmụ National Diploma na Business Administration na njikwa na Institute of Management & Technology, [[Enụgwụ]] (IMT). Mgbe ọ na-aga IMT, 2Baba rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke gụnyere ihazi ihe onyonyo na ihe oriri. Ọ na emekwa etu ahụ na mahadum mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị ka [[University of Nigeria]]. Ọ mechara hapụ agụmakwụkwọ iji tinye uchu na ihe gbasara egwu. Tụpụ nke áhu, mgbe ọ na-agụ na IMT, 2Baba amalitela ide ma na-abụ abụ nak GB Fan Club dị na Enugu State Broadcasting Services (ESBS), na 1996.{{citation needed}} N'afọ 1996, 2Baba bara onwé ya aha egwu 2Face. O kwuru ihe kpatara ya bụ na ka aghara inwe njikọ na ndụ onwe na ndụ azụmahịa ya. N'afọ 2016, ọ gbanwere aha ya site na Tuface gaa na 2Baba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2face-%E2%80%98officially%E2%80%99-changes-name-2baba|title=2face 'officially' changes name to 2baba|date=14 January 2016|publisher=Music In Africa|accessdate=14 January 2016|archivedate=21 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230347/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2face-%E2%80%98officially%E2%80%99-changes-name-2baba}}</ref> == Na Plantashun Boiz == Ọ kwagara [[Lagos]] wee malite iso onye na-agụ egwu Benue [[Blackface Naija]]. Ọ zutere Blackface n'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s|title=Here's both sides of the story as Blackface says 2baba is suing him for N50M|work=Pulse|date=19 July 2018|accessdate=19 September 2019|archivedate=13 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213084327/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s}}</ref> Ya na Blackface (Ahmedu Augustine Obiabo) na onye egwu [[Faze (musician)|Faze]] (Chibuzor Orji), ọ gara n'ihu mepụta otu egwu atọ a na-akpọ Plantashun Boiz.<ref>{{Cite web|author=LHX|first=TRANSSION|title=2Baba songs download: 2Baba MP3 new songs, lyrics, albums, playlists {{!}} Boomplay Music|url=https://www.boomplay.com/artists/1057?page=11|accessdate=2022-06-10|work=Boomplay Music - WebPlayer|language=en}}</ref> Plantashun Boiz wepụtara abọm abụọ na-aga nke ọma: "Body and Soul" (2000) na Sold Out (2003) n'okpuru akara Nelson Brown (Dove Records) tupu ha agbasa na 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/06/2face-idibia-working-with-nelson-brown-on-upcoming-album/|title=2face Idibia working with Nelson Brown on upcoming album|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170019/http://thenet.ng/2013/06/2face-idibia-working-with-nelson-brown-on-upcoming-album/|archivedate=2 April 2015}}</ref> Mmekọrịta mebiri ọtụtụ afọ mgbe òtù ahụ kewara ma ndị otu ya malitere ọrụ ha n'onwe ha. Ogologo oge mgbe nkewa a maara dị ka anụ ehi "Faze vs Tuface", ndị otu ahụ laghachiri n'otu na 2007 maka ebumnuche nke idekọ abọm nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ akpọrọ Plan B (2007).<ref name="Idomaland">{{Cite web|url=http://www.idomaland.org/icon/innocent-ujah-idibia-2face|title=Innocent Ujah Idibia (2Face)|work=Idomalang.org|accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ oge, BlackFace kwuru na 2Face na-eme egwu ha abụọ dere ma ghara ịnye ya ego. Mgbe ogologo oge nke ikpe na mgbasa ozi agha gasịrị, e mechara kwụsị okwu ahụ n'udo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/28/theft-claim-blackface-apolgises-to-2baba-settle-out-of-court/|title=Theft Claim: Blackface Apolgises To 2Baba, Settles Out Of Court|work=[[Channels TV]]|accessdate=28 November 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ onwe onye == Mgbe a gbasara Plantashun Boyz na 2004, ndị otu niile chọrọ ọrụ egwu dị iche iche. 2Baba wepụtara abọm mbụ ya Face 2 Face (2004), nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ depụtara dị ka abọm izizi Naijiria nke narị afọ nke 21 site n'aka onye na-ese egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Alake|first=Motolani|date=2020-03-17|title=Here are the top 10 Nigerian debut albums of the past 20 years|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-asa-timaya-mi-abaga-and-the-top-10-nigerian-debut-albums-over-the-past-20/73sdp1x|accessdate=2022-06-03|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Abọm ahụ jụrụ egwu dịka "Nfana Ibaga", "Ole", na "African Queen" (nke a na-akpọ otu n'ime egwu kachasị egwu si n'Afrịka pụta ma bụrụ egwu egwu na ihe nkiri Hollywood nke afọ 2006 Phat Girlz). Mgbe a tọhapụrụ abọm izizi ya, ọ wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya Grass 2 Grace na 2006, nke nwere egwu dịka "One Love", "True Love, "4 Instance". [[Usòrò:Digital_Painting_of_Idibia_displayed_at_Pop-Up_exhibition.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Digital_Painting_of_Idibia_displayed_at_Pop-Up_exhibition.jpg/300px-Digital_Painting_of_Idibia_displayed_at_Pop-Up_exhibition.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|300x300px|Ihe osise na-enweghị atụ Star studded of Idibia gosipụtara na ihe ngosi Visual Collaborative pop-up nke isiokwu ENCORE na Disemba 2013]] 2Baba wepụtara abọm nnwale na 2009 nke akpọrọ The Unstoppable nke gụnyere otu "Enter the Place". Nsogbu na nkesa abọm na 2007 mere ka mgbanwe nke ụbọchị ntọhapụ nke abọm ahụ site na 2008 ruo mmalite 2009. N'afọ 2010, 2Baba wepụtara "International Edition" nke otu abọm ahụ nke aha ya bụ The Unstoppable International Edition na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ''ihe'' na Naijiria mbụ nwere abọm mba ụwa dị ọnụ ala. 2face wepụtara egwu abụọ ọzọ site na ''mbipụta mba'' ụwa nke abọm ya The Unstop pable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1108-tuface-checks-piracy-with-classy-album-price.html|title=TuFace Checks Piracy With Classy Album Price|publisher=tribune.com.ng|accessdate=9 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322200436/http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1108-tuface-checks-piracy-with-classy-album-price.html|archivedate=22 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="Welcome">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/04/28/watch-2face-idibias-bet-international-welcome-to-america-interview-with-lola-ogunnaike|title=2Face Idibia's BET International "Welcome to America" Interview|publisher=Bellanaija.com|date=27 April 2011|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> Mbipụta mba ụwa nke abọm ahụ meriri ihe nrite abụọ na 2010 SoundCity Music Video Awards. 2Baba merikwara Channel O Music Video Awards, Best African Western award na MTV Africa Music Awards maka Best Male and Artist of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenetng.com/2010/11/22/soundcity-music-video-awards-2010-the-winners-circle/|title=Soundcity Music Video Awards 2010 – The Winner's Circle.|publisher=thenetng.com|date=22 November 2010|accessdate=9 March 2012|archivedate=4 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304162542/http://www.thenetng.com/2010/11/22/soundcity-music-video-awards-2010-the-winners-circle/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.museke.com/node/7071|title=Fally Ipupa & Tuface Idibia lead MTV Africa Music Awards winners 2010|publisher=museke.com|date=12 December 2010|accessdate=9 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823191649/http://www.museke.com/node/7071|archivedate=23 August 2011}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụrụ akara egwu Kennis Music mgbe a tọhapụrụ abọm nke abụọ ya, o guzobere akara ndekọ nke ya nke a maara dị ka Hypertek Digital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianewsdaily.com/nigerianewsentertainment/nigerianewsmusic/12942-tuface-idibia-opens-up-on-the-sucess-story-of-his-hit-track-african-queen--why-he-left-kennis-music.html|title=Tuface Idibia opens up on why he left Kennis music|publisher=Nigerianewsdaily.com|date=28 October 2011|accessdate=9 March 2012|archivedate=16 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916023514/http://www.nigerianewsdaily.com/nigerianewsentertainment/nigerianewsmusic/12942-tuface-idibia-opens-up-on-the-sucess-story-of-his-hit-track-african-queen--why-he-left-kennis-music.html}}</ref> Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Sony All African One8 Project n'akụkụ ndị egwu asaa ndị ọzọ gafee Africa na-edekọ otu egwu na R. Kelly na Prince Lee nke akpọrọ "Hands Across the World".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rnbmusicblog.com/hands-across-the-world-video-one8-r-kelly/17936/|title=Hands Across The World Video – ONE8 with R. Kelly|publisher=Rnbmusicblog.com|date=19 November 2010|accessdate=9 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616081256/http://www.rnbmusicblog.com/hands-across-the-world-video-one8-r-kelly/17936/|archivedate=16 June 2012}}</ref> == Nkwekọrịta nkwado == 2Baba, n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Afrịka mbụ nke mmanya na-aba n'anya nke Ịtali Campari.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-22|title=2Face, Annie Idibia bag new endorsement deal|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/04/2face-annie-idibia-bag-new-endorsement-deal/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11614/6/endorsement-deals-new-income-source-for-celebritie.html|title=Endorsement deals: New income source for celebrities|author=Nonye Ben-Nwankwo|accessdate=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210084933/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11614/6/endorsement-deals-new-income-source-for-celebritie.html|archivedate=10 December 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, a kpọrọ aha ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya biya Guinness.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-18|title=2Face Idibia: Ten Most Iconic Moments|url=https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/2face-idibia-ten-of-his-most-iconic-moments/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828185201/https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/2face-idibia-ten-of-his-most-iconic-moments/}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya akara maka "National Agency for Food and Drug And Administration and Control". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/11/23/2face-idibia-nicks-deals-with-nb-plc/|title=2Face Idibia Nicks Deals With NB Plc – P.M. NEWS Nigeria|accessdate=9 March 2015|date=23 November 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, 2Baba bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na Airtel Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-15|title=2 Face, IK, Akpororo, others now Airtel brand ambassadors|url=https://guardian.ng/features/media/2-face-ik-akpororo-others-now-airtel-brand-ambassadors/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828194615/https://guardian.ng/features/media/2-face-ik-akpororo-others-now-airtel-brand-ambassadors/}}</ref> Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Airtel gwụrụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado ọhụrụ na Globacom telecommunication na Mee 2019. 2Baba ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Pazino Homes and Gardens, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, na Julaị 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-23|title=2face dumps Airtel, becomes Glo ambassador|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-03|title=2Baba lands endorsement deal with real estate firm|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/07/2baba-lands-endorsement-deal-with-real-estate-firm/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> A họọrọ Tuface n'akụkụ Wizkid dị ka ihu nke oge nka Hennessy na 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-13|title=2Face, Wizkid in first collabo as Hennessy Artistry goes to Ghana|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/2face-wizkid-first-collabo-hennessy-artistry-goes-ghana/|accessdate=2021-08-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Na afọ 2019, 2Baba ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya mbụ na nke gọọmentị maka Oraimo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/04/oraimo-unveils-2face-as-brand-ambassador-launches-310-hours-battery-life-necklace/|title=oraimo Unveils 2Face as Brand Ambassador, Launches 310 Hours Battery Life Necklace|date=2019-10-04|work=[[This Day]]|accessdate=2021-02-24}}</ref> 2Baba bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado ya na akara ala, ụlọ pazino na ogige dị ka ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya akara ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-03|title=2Baba lands endorsement deal with real estate firm|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/07/2baba-lands-endorsement-deal-with-real-estate-firm/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Egwuregwu otuto kpakpando niile e mere ka ha nwee obi ụtọ == The FORTYfied All-Star Tribute Concert, nke a na-akpọ #FORTYfied, bụ ihe ngosi ụtụ kpakpando niile nke 2Baba haziri iji mee emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 40 na mmetụta na egwu nke Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/star-celebrates-2face-at-40/|title=STAR CELEBRATES 2FACE AT 40|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|date=18 September 2015|accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref> N'ịbụ nke [[Basketmouth]] kwadoro, emere egwu STAR Lager Beer na 20 Septemba 2015 na Eko Hotel and Suites Convention Centre.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/star-to-celebrate-2face-at-40-with-all-star-tribute-concert/|title=STAR to Celebrate 2Face at 40 With All-Star Tribute Concert|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=17 September 2015|accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref> Ndị isi na-abịa na kọntaktị ahụ ma gosipụta ihe ngosi sitere n'aka ndị egwu ama ama gụnyere [[Wizkid]], Burna Boy, [[Timaya]], [[D'banj]], [[Sound Sultan]], Patoranking, Vector tha Viper, [[Wande Coal]] na Seyi Shay.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/2face-idibia-singer-announces-concert-to-mark-40th-birthday-id4148177.html|title=Singer announces concert to mark 40th birthday|work=Pulse Nigeria|author=Joey Akan|date=8 September 2015|accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nwe Buckwyld na Breathless concert.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/started-buckwyld-breathless-concert-2face-idibia/|title=Why I started Buckwyld & Breathless concert – 2face Idibia – Vanguard News|date=24 September 2017|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=23 January 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye na alụmdi na nwunye == 2Baba lụrụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, ihe nlereanya na onye ọchụnta ego [[Annie Macaulay-Idibia|Annie Idibia]] (née Macauley). Na 2 Mee 2012, 2Baba na [[Annie Macaulay-Idibia|Annie Macaulay]] lụrụ na [[Lagos]], Nigeria n'ememe nzuzo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenetng.com/2012/05/04/2face-Idibia-and-Annie-Macaulay-wed-secretly|title=2face Idibia and Annie Macaulay wed secretly|publisher=thenetng.com|date=4 May 2012|accessdate=4 May 2012|archivedate=7 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507035806/http://thenetng.com/2012/05/04/2face-idibia-and-annie-macaulay-wed-secretly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/annie-anointed-queen-of-a-shooting-star|title=Annie, anointed queen of a shooting star|publisher=punchng.com|date=17 February 2012|accessdate=3 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229124315/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/annie-anointed-queen-of-a-shooting-star/|archivedate=29 February 2012}}</ref> E mekwara emume obodo na Dubai, UAE na 23 Machị 2013 ma nwee ọtụtụ ndị ama ama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.360nobs.com/2013/03/the-venues-tuface-idibia-and-annie-macaulays-dubai-wedding/|title=The Venues: Tuface Idibia and Annie Macaulay's Dubai Wedding|date=23 March 2013|accessdate=26 August 2022|archivedate=17 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917002700/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/03/the-venues-tuface-idibia-and-annie-macaulays-dubai-wedding/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/2face-annie-idibia-10-cutest-couple-moments-of-singer-and-wife-as-they-mark-3rd/e2j5mj8|title=10 cutest couple moments of singer and wife as they mark 3rd wedding anniversary|date=23 March 2016|accessdate=26 August 2022|archivedate=20 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820120024/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/2face-annie-idibia-10-cutest-couple-moments-of-singer-and-wife-as-they-mark-3rd/e2j5mj8}}</ref> Di na nwunye a ma ama bụ nne na nna ụmụ nwanyị abụọ: Olivia Idibia na Isabella Idibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Viral Archives|url=https://www.ngnews247.com/topic/viral/|accessdate=2022-08-02|work=NGNews247|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826045529/https://www.ngnews247.com/topic/viral/}}</ref> Mgbe ya na enyi nwanyị ya n'oge ahụ bụ Annie Macaulayīdibia, 2Baba mụrụ ụmụ abụọ na Sumbo Ajala na atọ na Pero Adeniyi. 2face nwere ngụkọta nke ụmụ asaa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/2face-idibia-reveals-having-many-baby-mamas-almost-sent-him-into-depression/|title=2Face Idibia Reveals Having Many Baby Mamas Almost Sent Him into Depression|date=8 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2015/09/2face-idibia-at-40-meet-the-7-children-of-2face.html|title=2face Idibia at 40: Meet the 7 Children of 2face|date=25 September 2015}}</ref> 2Baba lanarịrị ihe omume ndị fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ, gụnyere ịgba égbè site na ohi na nso Oshodi, Lagos.<ref name="Welcome"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/ahaoma-kanu/tuface-idibia-recuperating-and-fine.-with-exclusive-pict.html|title=Tuface Idibia recuperating and fine|publisher=nigeriavillagesquare.com|date=9 October 2007|accessdate=9 April 2012|archivedate=9 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109151502/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/ahaoma-kanu/tuface-idibia-recuperating-and-fine.-with-exclusive-pict.html}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} akxbe3szc93j28az4s49lzsfiwdwpxz 0 19242 688212 195874 2026-07-15T11:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Ada Martine Stolsmo Hegerberg''' (amụrụ na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1995) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara na [[Norway]] nke na-egwu egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ maka klọb Division 1 Féminine Lyon na otu mba Norway . Hegerberg nọchitere anya Norway na ọkwa mba ụwa ndị ntorobịa, wee mee mpụta mbụ maka ndị otu egwuregwu n'afọ 2011. N'afọ 2013, ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị na-enweta ọla ọcha n' otu mmeri ụmụ nwaghị UEFA Women's n'afọ 2013. Ọ nọ na otu Norway n'afọ 2015 FIFA Otu ụmụ nwaanyị iko mbà uwa 2017, UEFA Otu mmeri Umu nwanyị nakwa otú mmeri Umu nwanyị 2022 UEFA. Enyere Hegerberg onyinye n'afọ 2016 UEFA Best Women's Player in Europe Award na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị iri abụo na ise nkè ọnwa Ọgọst n'afọ 2016, 2017 nakwa n'afọ 2019 ka akpọrọ BBC Player of the Year . N'afọ 2018 ọ bụ onye mbụ nwetara Ballon d'Or Féminin . O nwere ndekọ maka ọtụtụ goolu n'ime asọmpi UEFA Women's Champions League (iri na ise), ma ugbu a ọ bụ onye kacha nwee goolu na UEFA Women's Champions League (irí ise na asatọ). == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === A mụrụ Hegerberg na Molde, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fotball.no/Documents/PDF/2013/Landslag/Mediaguide%20EURO2013%20NORWAY.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809111158/http://www.fotball.no/Documents/PDF/2013/Landslag/Mediaguide%20EURO2013%20NORWAY.pdf|archivedate=9 August 2013|title=Norway Mediaguide 2013|publisher=Football Association of Norway|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> mana o tolitere na Sunndalsøra ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Sunndal Fotball ya na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ Andrine . <ref name="sisters unite">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/newsid=1638475.html|title=Hegerberg sisters unite for Norway success|publisher=UEFA|first=Julien|author=Debove|date=4 June 2011|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> N'afo 2007, ezinụlọ ha kwagara Kolbotn, bụ ebe ụmụnna nwanyị mechara banye Kolbotn IL . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fotball.no/Landslag_og_toppfotball/spillerutvikling/2011/Hegerberg-manedens-fotballtalent-for-juli/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130922161619/http://www.fotball.no/Landslag_og_toppfotball/spillerutvikling/2011/Hegerberg-manedens-fotballtalent-for-juli/|archivedate=22 September 2013|language=no|title=Hegerberg månedens fotballtalent for Juli|work=fotball.no|publisher=Football Association of Norway|date=13 September 2011|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya maka Kolbotn n'afọ 2010. <ref name="NRK1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/sport/fotball/hegerberg-sostrene-til-tyskland-1.10839713|language=no|title=Hegerberg-søstrene til tysk toppklubb|publisher=NRK|first=Bjørnar|author=Hellen|date=13 December 2012|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị isii nke Ọgọọst n'afọ 2011, o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ na nkeji asaa ka a na-akụ Røa 4-1, na Andrine meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ ikpeazụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta nke meriri okpu okpu na Toppserien . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://beta.aftenposten.no/100Sport/fotball/kvinner/-181451_1.snd|language=no|title=16-åring senket serielederen med hattrick|publisher=Aftenposten|date=6 August 2011|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ ka dị afọ 16, ọ gụchara dị ka onye kacha nweta Kolbotn n'afọ 2011 Toppserien <ref name="NRK1" /> wee bụrụ onye a họpụtara dịka onye ọkpụkpọ ntorobịa nke afọ. <ref name="forsterker">{{Cite news|url=http://www.budstikka.no/sport/stabæk-kvinner/stabek-forsterker-ytterligere-1.6660316|language=no|title=Stabæk forsterker ytterligere|publisher=Budstikka|first=Ragnhild|author=Gulbrandsen|authorlink=Ragnhild Gulbrandsen|date=12 December 2011|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> Tupu oge 2012, ụmụnne nwanyị Hegerberg sonyeere Stabæk . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.auraavis.no/lokal_sport/article5843179.ece|title=Hegerberg-søstrene til Stabæk|date=12 December 2011|language=no|accessdate=21 January 2012}}</ref> N'ime egwuregwu megide Fart na Mee afọ 2012, o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise n'ime ọkara mbụ nke mmeri Stabæk 8–2. N'oge a, a na-ewere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ n'ime nnukwu talent na bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Norwegian, <ref name="five goals">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tv2.no/sport/fotball/toppserien/stortalent-16-scoret-fem-maal-paa-en-omgang-jeg-gjoer-bare-jobben-min-3780115.html|language=no|title=Stortalent (16) scoret fem mål på én omgang: – Jeg gjør bare jobben min|publisher=TV 2|first=Jan Magnus|author=Weiberg-Aurdal|date=11 May 2012|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> na Ada nwetara ihe nrite Statoil "Talent of the Month" nke ugboro abụọ na ọnwa Mee nke afọ 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tv2.no/sport/fotball/tippeligaen/talentpris/ada-stolsmo-hegerberg-er-maanedens-fotballtalent-mai-2012-3835402.html|language=no|title=Ada Stolsmo Hegerberg er månedens fotballtalent - mai 2012|publisher=TV 2|date=24 May 2013|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye mgbaru ọsọ kacha elu na Toppserien 2012 nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ irí abụọ ná ise egwuregwu iri ná asatọ. <ref name="NRK1" /> O nyekwara goolu abụọ na ọkara ikpeazụ nke iko ụmụ nwanyị Norwegian nke afọ 2012, mgbe Amazon Grimstad meriri 3–0. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://beta.fvn.no/100Sport/fotball/kvinner/-206795_1.snd|language=no|title=Her sender Hegerberg Stabæk til cupfinale|publisher=Fædrelandsvennen|first=Kjetil|author=Flygind|date=10 October 2012|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> Mmeri ikpeazụ Stabæk ọkpụ anọ–asayaghị otu meriri Røa hụrụ na Hegerberg nwetara okpu okpu. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/sport/fotball/17-aring-sikra-cupgull-for-stabaek-1.8449148|language=no|title=17-åring blei cupheltinne for Stabæk|publisher=NRK|first=Hans Henrik|author=Løken|date=24 November 2012|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na akụkụ German 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam ruo na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị iri atọ nke ọnwa Juunu n'afọ 2014, ebe ha ghọrọ ndị otu onye obodo ha bụ Maren Mjelde . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Potsdam signs Norwegian trio|url=http://www.womensoccer.de/2012/12/14/potsdam-holt-norwegisches-trio/|publisher=womensoccer.de|accessdate=10 February 2013|language=de|date=14 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430113824/http://www.womensoccer.de/2012/12/14/potsdam-holt-norwegisches-trio/|archivedate=30 April 2018}}</ref> Hegerberg meriri na mpụta mbụ Bundesliga mgbe SC Freiburg meriri 3–1. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tk.no/sporten/article6506139.ece|language=no|title=Debuterte i Tyskland med scoring|publisher=Tidens Krav|date=17 February 2013|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Na oge mbụ ha na Germany, ndị Hegerbergs na Turbine gụchara nke abụọ n'afọ 2012–13 Bundesliga nakwa 2012–13 DFB-Pokal . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fotballmagasinet.no/?mode=news&id=26577|language=no|title=Maren Mjelde og Ada Hegerberg om sesongen i Tyskland og EM|work=Fotballmagasinet|first=Andreas Kristoffer|author=Berge|date=6 July 2013|accessdate=23 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930170723/http://www.fotballmagasinet.no/?mode=news&id=26577|archivedate=30 September 2013}}</ref> === Olympique Lyonnais === N'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2014, ọ kwagara Olympique Lyonnais . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womensoccer.de/2014/07/16/ada-hegerberg-wechselt-zu-olympique-lyon/|title=Ada Hegerberg wechselt zu Olympique Lyon|work=www.womensoccer.de|accessdate=16 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042516/http://www.womensoccer.de/2014/07/16/ada-hegerberg-wechselt-zu-olympique-lyon/|archivedate=1 December 2017}}</ref> Hegerberg nwere ọmarịcha oge mbụ na [[France]]. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ irí abụo na isii n'ime egwuregwu iri abụo, na-eduga Lyon na mmeri nke itoolu nke Division 1 Féminine . N'ime ikpeazụ nke Coupe de France Féminine, Hegerberg nwetara goolu mgbanaka na nkeji iri anọ na asaa, mechaa mebie na mmeri 2–1 meriri Montpellier. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leliberolyon.fr/ol-montpellier-en-live-2/71604|title=OL - Montpellier en live|publisher=Le Liberto Lyon|language=fr|date=18 April 2015}}</ref> Hegerberg laghachiri na Lyon maka mkpọsa 2015–16. Na 27 Septemba, ọ gbara okpu okpu na mmeri Lyon 5–0 megide ndị otu PSG. Hegerberg ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ meriri okpu okpu megide PSG kemgbe Julie Morel na Ọktoba 2008. Na Nọvemba, Hegerberg ruru nkwekọrịta na mgbakwunye nkwekọrịta iji nọrọ na klọb ahụ n'oge afọ 2019. Lyon jigidere aha otu egwuregwu maka oge nke iri n'usoro na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị asatọ nke ọnwa Mee n'afo 2016. Hegerberg na-agwụcha oge dị ka onye kachasị nye goolu nke otu egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri atọ ná atọ na egwuregwu iri abụo na otú. Ka Otu izu ụka gasịrị, Hegerberg nwetara Coupe de France na Lyon. Na UEFA otú mmeri ụmụ nwaghị League action, Lyon gara n'ihu imeri asọmpi n'azụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ irí na atọ nke Hegerberg na egwuregwu iteghete iji mezue treble . Na úbọchị atọ nke ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2018, Hegerberg ghọrọ onye mmeri mbụ nke Ballon d'Or Féminin . Enwere esemokwu n'oge ememe ahụ, Otú ọ dị, dị ka onye ọbịa, DJ Martin Solveig, jụrụ Hegerberg mgbe ọ natara onyinye ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ chọrọ ịgba egwú na emume ma "maara otú e si e twerk ", onye n'aka nke zaghachiri sị "mba". A katọrọ okwu ya dị ka nwoke na nwanyị na mgbasa ozi; o mechara rịọ mgbaghara maka ihe o kwuru. Banyere ihe ahụ merenụ, Hegerberg mesịrị kwuo, sị: “Ọ bịakwutere m ma emesịa, o wutere m nke ukwuu na ọ gara otú ahụ. Echeghị m na ọ bụ iyi egwu mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla n'oge a. Enwere m nnọọ obi ụtọ ịme egwu ahụ wee merie Ballon d'Or." Banyere ihe nrite ya, ọ gbakwụnyere: "Ọ dị ịtụ ány. Nke a bụ nnukwu ihe mkpali ịnọgide na-arụsi ọrụ ike na anyị ga-anọgide na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji nweta ọtụtụ aha. Achọrọ m iji ụfọdụ okwu mechie maka ụmụ agbọghọ gburugburu ụwa: kwere na onwe gị." <ref name="first women’s Ballon d’Or">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/dec/03/ballon-dor-ada-hegerberg-twerk-luka-modric|title=Ada Hegerberg: first women's Ballon d'Or marred as winner is asked to twerk|work=The Guardian|author=Ed Aarons|date=4 December 2018|accessdate=4 December 2018}}</ref> Isi na Paris Saint-Germain n'isi oge niile, Lyon meriri ndị ha na ha na-asọ mpi 5-0 na 13 Eprel 2019, jiri ihe mgbaru ọsọ na enyemaka maka Hegerberg, nnukwu arụmọrụ onye ọ bụla. Lyon nwetara aha ya ka ụbọchị iri gachara. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Coupe de France ọkara ikpeazụ megide Grenoble Foot 38, Hegerberg tinyere aka na abụọ n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ na njedebe ikpeazụ megide Lille OSC, na-emeri asọmpi ọzọ. Na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị iri na asatọ nke ọnwa Mee n'afo 2019, Hegerberg nyefere onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu egwuregwu na 2019 UEFA Champions League Final . N'iji okpu okpu n'ime nanị nkeji iri na isii, ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ nyere goolu atọ na njedebe UWCL . Lyon ji ọkpụ anọ asara nanị otu were merie Barcelona, o meriri iko anọ nke UWCL n'usoro, arụmọrụ pụrụ iche na bọọlụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke oge, Hegerberg emeriela irí na atọ n'ime irí na ise trophies enwere ike na ọnụnọ ya na Lyon. N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, ọ ghọrọ onye kacha gbaa goolu na UEFA Women's Champions League, mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu nke iri ise na atọ n'egwuregwu nke iri ise ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49746194|title=Ada Hegerberg: Lyon striker breaks Women's Champions League goalscoring record|work=BBC Sport|date=30 October 2019}}</ref> Hegerberg merụrụ ahụ tupu Lyon eme egwuregwu Stade de Reims na abalí irí abụọ na isii nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020. E mechara gosi ya site na nyocha MRI na ọ gbajiri akwara ihu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/ada-hegerberg-injured-separated-from-her-husband-but-still-focused-1.4235889|title=Ada Hegerberg - injured, separated from her husband, but still focused|work=Irish Times|date=23 April 2020|accessdate=2 May 2021}}</ref> N'abalị irí abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị, klọb ahụ kwupụtara na ọ ga-atụ uche ma ọ dịkarịa ala oge fọdụrụnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/womens_football/ada-hegerberg-injury-knee-olympique-lyon-champions-league-a9306481.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129161340/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/womens_football/ada-hegerberg-injury-knee-olympique-lyon-champions-league-a9306481.html|archivedate=29 January 2020|title=Ada Hegerberg injury: Lyon star out for rest of season after rupturing cruciate ligaments|work=Indepdent|date=28 January 2020|accessdate=2 May 2021}}</ref> N'ime mmalite nke COVID-19, a kwụsịrị oge ahụ naanị izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị. N'abalí irí na asatọ nke ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2020, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na Lyon na-edobe ya na klọb ruo ọnwa Juune n'afọ 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/12/18/ada-hegerberg-lyon-2024-contract|title=Lyon Signs Injury-Hit Superstar Ada Hegerberg Through 2024|work=Sports Illustrated|date=18 December 2020|accessdate=2 May 2021}}</ref> Ekwuru na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi mechara site na klọb ahụ na Hegerberg agaghị adị tupu mmalite nke oge afọ 2021 ruo 2022. N'abali ise nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2021, Hegerberg mere ka Lyon laghachite mgbe ọnwa irí abụọ na otu nọ n'akụkụ, na-egwu nkeji iri na abụọ ikpeazụ na mmeri Lyon ọkpụ atọ asataghị otu o meriri BK Häcken na egwuregwu mmeghe nke asọmpi UEFA Champions League otu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58809749|title=Ada Hegerberg made her return from a 21-month injury absence as Lyon beat Hacken in the Women's Champions League.|work=BBC|date=5 October 2021}}</ref> Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya mgbe mmerụ ahụ gasịrị na abalí irí na anọ nke ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, jiri ihe nkwado megide Paris Saint-Germain, n'otu egwuregwu kachasị na bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị. N'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ 2022, o nyere aka n'ime ka ndị otu ya ruo eruo na ngwụcha nke Champions League, a na-enye ya aka na mmeri puku atọ, otú narị na abụọ n'ụlọ megide Paris Saint-Germain, ma gbaa goolu mmeghe na mmeri puku abụọ, otu narị na otu, na ndekọ mba puku iri anọ na atọ,ndị na-akwado na Parc des Princes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/633776|title=Ada Hegerberg leads Lyon past Paris Saint-Germain into UWCL final|work=ESPN|date=30 April 2022}}</ref> Na ngwụcha, ọ gbara goolu ma nyere aka na mmeri atọ na otú na Barcelona, iji merie nke isii ya na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2034585/|title=Barcelona 1–3 Lyon|work=UEFA|date=21 May 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Hegerberg nọ na otu Norway na-erubeghị afọ iri na itoolu nke a gbara n'afọ 2011 UEFA Oyo mmeri ụmụ nwaghị na-agafeghị afọ [[iri na iteghete]].<ref name="ukens profiler">{{Cite web|title=Ukens profiler: Ada og Andrine Hegerberg|language=no|url=http://www.fotball.no/Landslag_og_toppfotball/spillerutvikling/Unge-profiler/2011/Ada-og-Andrine-Hegerberg/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130916032851/http://www.fotball.no/Landslag_og_toppfotball/spillerutvikling/Unge-profiler/2011/Ada-og-Andrine-Hegerberg/|archivedate=16 September 2013|work=fotball.no|publisher=Football Association of Norway|date=6 April 2011|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> A gụnyekwara ya na ndị otu maka asọmpi ikpeazụ, ebe Norway ruru na nke ikpeazụ.<ref name="sisters unite"/> Hegerberg nọ na otu Norway nke gbara na asompi iko mba uwa nke ụmụ nwaghị na-agafeghị afọ iri abụo nke afọ 2012 n'ime nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ. Ya na Andrine gbara goolu na mmeri ọkpụ abụọ asa2 na 1 na Canada na mpaghara otu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vg.no/sport/fotball/kvinner/artikkel.php?artid=10060248|language=no|title=Hansen og Hegerberg-søstrene reddet Norge|publisher=Verdens Gang|date=23 August 2012|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na Norway dị ka onye nọchiri anya na mmeri 3<nowiki>[[1]]</nowiki> na Northern Ireland na Lurgan na 19 Nọvemba 2011.<ref name="forsterker"/> Hegerberg mere asọmpi mbụ ya na otu Norway nke gbara n'afọ 2013 UEFA iko mba ụwa ụmụ nwaghị, China1 draw na Iceland n'iri na otu nke ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/07/11/sport/fotball/em_i_sverige/norge/28155839/|language=no|title=Graham Hansen og Hegerberg starter for Norge|publisher=Dagbladet|date=11 July 2013|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na asọmpi ahụ ka e meriri Spain na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ wee gbaa nkeji iri itoolu niile ka Norway meriri Germany na nkeji iri atọ nke ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/sport/fotball/norge-er-sikret-em-medalje-1.11145381|language=no|title=Tom Nordlie: - Dette er et "YouTube-selvmål"|publisher=NRK|first=Arve|author=Lote|date=22 July 2013|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2013/07/28/sport/ada_hegerberg/fotball-em/sverige/28416086/|language=no|title=Tok til tårene etter at gullet røk|publisher=Dagbladet|first=Matias|author=Ytterstad|date=28 July 2013|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Hegerberg nọ na otu Norway n'afọ 2015 FIFA iko mba ụwa ụmụ nwaghị .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's World Cup - Norway – UEFA.com|url=http://www.uefa.com/womensworldcup/season=2015/teams/team=500101/squad/index.html|work=UEFA.com|accessdate=4 August 2015|author=uefa.com}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu atọ n'egwuregwu atọ nke otu, nke gosipụtara site na goolu abụọ na Norway na Ivory Coast.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hegerberg's 2 goals lift Norway past Ivory Coast 3-1|url=https://news.yahoo.com/hegerbergs-2-goals-lift-norway-past-ivory-coast-220754539.html|accessdate=4 August 2015}}</ref> A họpụtara Hegerberg maka Best Young Player Award maka mbọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kadeisha Buchanan, Ada Hegerberg, Tang Jiali nominated for Young Player Award|url=https://www.thescore.com/wwcup/news/789712|accessdate=4 August 2015}}</ref> N'onwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 2016, Hegerberg nyere 2015 Norwegian Gold Ball, nyere ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ kacha mma na Norway. Oge gara aga e nyere nwanyị ya bụ afọ iri abụo tupu mgbe ahụ. N'oge okpomọkụ nke =2017, Hegerberg kpebiri ịkwụsị ịnọchite anya otu mba dị ka ụdị mkpesa n'ihi esemokwu ya na NFF gbasara otu ha si emeso bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ada Hegerberg takes a step back from international duty: A look at the NFF|url=https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2017/09/06/womens-football/824977-ada-hegerberg-takes-a-step-back-from-international-duty-a-look-at-the-nff.html|work=VAVEL|language=en|date=6 September 2017}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ụfọdụ ndozi gụnyere okpukpu abụọ nke ite akwụ ụgwọ maka ụmụ nwanyị, Hegerberg chere na ọ ka nwere "ụzọ dị ogologo ka ọ ga-aga" ya mere ọ nọgidere na-ajụ ka a kpọọ ya ma hapụ 2019 World Cup . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fight against inequality is Hegerberg's top priority|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/fight-against-inequality-hegerbergs-top-priority-160120585--spt.html|work=uk.sports.yahoo.com}}</ref> Ọ kọwara oge ya na ndị otu mba ahụ "na-akụda mmụọ nke ukwuu", na-enye ya "ọrọ nrọ" na-ahapụ ya "agbajikwa uche". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/05/soccer-hegerberg-mentally-broken-by-norway-national-team-experience|title=Hegerberg 'mentally broken' by Norway national team experience|work=euronews.com|date=5 June 2019}}</ref> N' ọnwa Maachị nke afọ 2022, Hegerberg kwụsịrị nchụpụ ya afọ ise site na otu mba. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hegerberg ends five-year Norway exile|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60854918|accessdate=24 March 2022}}</ref> Na egwuregwu mbụ ya laa azụ na mkpụrụ Ụbọchị asaa nke ọnwa Eprel, Hegerberg meriri okpu okpu na mmeri ise asatara nanị otu megide Kosovo na ntozu FIFA iko mmeri otu ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa nke afọ 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/08/football/ada-hegerberg-hattrick-norway-return-spt-intl/index.html|title=Ada Hegerberg scores hat-trick on her return for Norway after five-year absence|work=CNN|date=8 April 2022}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'onwa June nke afọ 2019, Hegerberg lụrụ Thomas Rogne . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ada Hegerberg og Thomas Rogne Giftet seg|url=https://www.dagbladet.no/sport/giftet-seg/71118059|work=dagbladet.no/|publisher=Dagbladet|accessdate=28 May 2019|language=no|date=26 May 2019}}</ref> === Echiche na mmetụta COVID-19 na futubọọlú === N' ọnwa Mee nke afọ 2020, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ ịntanetị na ESPN, Hegerberg kwuru na bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị ga-ata ahụhụ n'ihi COVID-19 n'ihi na ọ bụ "njikọ kachasị ike" egwuregwu ahụ. "Anyị dị n'ụdị na ọkwa ebe anyị ka na-achọ enyemaka ahụ na mgbe ị na-ahụ futubọọlụ n'ozuzu ya na futubọọlú ụmụ nwoke na-agbasi mbọ ike ị nwekwara ike iche n'onwe gị otú futubọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị si emetụta nke a." Hegerberg kwusiri ike na ọ bụghị ịla n'iyi nke futubọọlú ụmụ nwanyị, kama dị ka ihe dị mma pụtara na nkwado maka egwuregwu ahụ: "Anyị kwesịrị ịkwalite olu anyị n'ụzọ doro anya iji mee ka isiokwu ahụ dị ọkụ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/lyon-women/story/4101623/coronavirus-will-see-weakest-link-womens-football-suffer-hegerberg|title=Coronavirus will see 'weakest link' women's football suffer - Hegerberg|accessdate=27 May 2020|work=ESPN}}</ref> === Ndị nkwado na mgbasa ozi === Onye Norwegian bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu a na-achọsi ike n'ụwa. Mgbe e nyechara ya Ballon d'Or n'afọ 2018, Hegerberg ghọrọ onye nnọchianya maka onye nche Hublot, yana ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ego Mastercard . N'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2019, mgbe ọ gachara ihe omume dị ka UEFA Champions League Final na French Open maka onye na-akwado Mastercard, ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchianya zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Danone Nations Cup, asọmpi mba ụwa nke U12 kasị ukwuu, maka ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke. N'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2020, mgbe afọ isii na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye na-eweta ngwá ọrụ egwuregwu Puma, Nike na onwe ya kwupụtara mmekọrịta dị ogologo oge. Onye ukwu Amerika buliri Hegerberg ozugbo na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, na-eme ka ọchịchọ ya kwado nkwado, a maara Hegerberg dị ka nwoke na nwanyị na-akwado nhata na nkwado. Hegerberg enweela mmetụta mgbasa ozi buru ibu n'ime afọ ndị gara aga, nke a na-ewere dị ka onye ọnụ na-ekwuchitere egwuregwu ya, nyere ọtụtụ ajụjụ ọnụ o nyere maka egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị. N'mkpụrụ ụbọchí irí na iteghete nke ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2020, usoro mgbasa ozi sitere na US ESPN + bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara Hegerberg: ''Aha m bụ Ada Hegerberg'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 November 2020|title=Spain: Norwegian soccer star Ada Hegerberg fights internal battle|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/article/30339895/norwegian-soccer-player-ada-hegerberg-sacrifice-fight-equality-stardom|accessdate=24 November 2020|work=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Wrack|first=Suzanne|date=19 November 2020|title=Ada Hegerberg: 'I'm coming back to reconquer my position in football'|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/nov/19/ada-hegerberg-not-here-to-provoke-honest-thoughts-womens-football-lyon-norway|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref> Akpọrọ Hegerberg otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ike na egwuregwu site na ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi, gụnyere Egwuregwu egosigasịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/sports-illustrated/2020/10/06/the-unrelenting-women-in-sports-daily-cover|title=The Unrelenting: Most Powerful Women in Sports|first=S. I.|author=Staff|work=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> == Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|1 May 2022}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fotball.no/Community/Profil/?fiksId=2647634 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120512232850/http://www.fotball.no/Community/Profil/?fiksId=2647634 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2012 |language=no |title=Ada Stolsmo Hegerberg's profil |work=fotball.no |publisher=Football Association of Norway |access-date=25 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ffc-turbine.de/spielerinnenportraet1213.php?id=9 |language=de |title=Ada Stolsmo Hegerberg |publisher=1. FFC Turbine Potsdam |access-date=25 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016145602/http://www.ffc-turbine.de/spielerinnenportraet1213.php?id=9 |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ada Hegerberg statistics|language=fr|url=http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=8702&id=382|publisher=footofeminin|access-date=13 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="SW">{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ada-stolsmo-hegerberg/158925/ |title=Ada Hegerberg |publisher=Soccerway |access-date=21 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ol.fr/en/contents/players/a/ada-hegerberg?tab=1|title=Ada Hegerberg|publisher=Olympique Lyonnais|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! rowspan="2" |Division ! colspan="2" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup{{efn|Appearances in [[Norwegian Women's Cup|Norwegian Cup]], [[Frauen DFB-Pokal|DFB-Pokal]] and [[Coupe de France Féminine|Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]}} ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Kolbotn |2010 | rowspan="2" |Toppserien |10 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |3 |- |2011 |21 |12 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |23 |12 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !15 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !31 !15 |- |Stabæk |2012 |Toppserien |18 |24 |5 |7 |3 |2 |26 |33 |- | rowspan="3" |Turbine Potsdam |2012–13 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |11 |5 |2 |0 |0 |0 |13 |5 |- |2013–14 |14 |6 |1 |1 |5 |2 |20 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !25 !11 !3 !1 !5 !2 !33 !14 |- | rowspan="9" |Lyon |2014–15 | rowspan="8" |Division 1 Féminine |22 |26 |6 |7 |4 |1 |32 |34 |- |2015–16 |21 |33 |5 |8 |9 |13 |35 |54 |- |2016–17 |22 |20 |3 |3 |8 |4 |33 |27 |- |2017–18 |20 |31 |4 |7 |9 |15 |33 |53 |- |2018–19 |20 |20 |4 |2 |9 |7 |33 |29 |- |2019–20 |13 |14 |1 |0 |4 |9 |18 |23 |- |2020–21 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2021–22 |15 |10 |2 |1 |9 |6 |26 |17 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !133 !154 !23 !28 !60 !59 !210 !241 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !206 !204 !31 !36 !60 !59 !302 !299 |} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> {{updated|match played 15 July 2022}} : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Norway na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Hegerberg ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Ada Hegerberg ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition |- | align="center" |1 |6 March 2013 |Estádio Municipal Bela Vista, Parchal, Portugal |{{fbw|JAP}} | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2013 Algarve Cup |- | align="center" |2 |13 March 2013 |Municipal Stadium, Lagos, Portugal |{{fbw|SWE}} | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |2–2 |- | align="center" |3 |6 April 2013 |Colovray Sports Centre, Nyon, Switzerland |{{fbw|SUI}} | align="center" |1–2 | align="center" |1–3 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |- | align="center" |4 |1 June 2013 |Linköping Arena, Linköping, Sweden |{{fbw|SWE}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–2 |- | align="center" |5 |22 July 2013 |Guldfågeln Arena, Kalmar, Sweden |{{fbw|ESP}} | align="center" |3–0 | align="center" |3–1 |UEFA Women's Euro 2013 |- | align="center" |6 |14 January 2014 |La Manga Club Football Stadium, La Manga, Spain |{{fbw|ESP}} | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–1 |Friendly |- | align="center" |7 |13 February 2014 |Komotini Municipal Stadium, Komotini, Greece |{{fbw|GRE}} | align="center" |3–0 | align="center" |5–0 | rowspan="5" |2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |8 |10 April 2014 |Den Dreef, Leuven, Belgium |{{fbw|BEL}} | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–1 |- | align="center" |9 |14 June 2014 |Brann Stadion, Bergen, Norway |{{fbw|GRE}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |6–0 |- | align="center" |10 | rowspan="2" |13 September 2014 | rowspan="2" |Niko Dovana Stadium, Durrës, Albania | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|ALB}} | align="center" |5–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |11–0 |- | align="center" |11 | align="center" |6–0 |- | align="center" |12 |27 November 2014 |Randaberg Stadion, Randaberg, Norway |{{fbw|NZL}} | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="3" |Friendly |- | align="center" |13 | rowspan="2" |15 January 2015 | rowspan="2" |La Manga Club Football Stadium, La Manga, Spain | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|IRL}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | align="center" |14 | align="center" |2–1 |- | align="center" |15 |4 March 2015 |VRSA Sports Complex, Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal |{{fbw|USA}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–2 |2015 Algarve Cup |- | align="center" |16 |23 May 2015 |Stayen, Sint-Truiden, Belgium |{{fbw|BEL}} | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |2–3 |Friendly |- | align="center" |17 |7 June 2015 |TD Place Stadium, Ottawa, Canada |{{fbw|THA}} | align="center" |4–0 | align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |2015 FIFA Women's World Cup |- | align="center" |18 | rowspan="2" |15 June 2015 | rowspan="2" |Croix-Bleue Medavie Stadium, Moncton, Canada | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|CIV}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | align="center" |19 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |20 |17 September 2015 |Firhill Stadium, Glasgow, Scotland |{{fbw|SCO}} | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |4–0 |Friendly |- | align="center" |21 | rowspan="2" |22 September 2015 | rowspan="2" |Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|KAZ}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |2017 UEFA Women's Euro qualification |- | align="center" |22 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |23 |23 October 2015 |Color Line Stadion, Ålesund, Norway |{{fbw|WAL}} | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |4–0 |- | align="center" |24 | rowspan="2" |22 January 2016 | rowspan="2" |La Manga Club Football Stadium, La Manga, Spain | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|ROU}} | align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |6–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |- | align="center" |25 | align="center" |5–0 |- | align="center" |26 | rowspan="2" |5 March 2016 | rowspan="2" |Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel, Rotterdam, Netherlands | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|NED}} | align="center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |2016 UEFA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament |- | align="center" |27 | align="center" |4–1 |- | align="center" |28 |6 April 2016 |Ramat Gan Stadium, Ramat Gan, Israel |{{fbw|ISR}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="7" |2017 UEFA Women's Euro qualification |- | align="center" |29 | rowspan="2" |7 June 2016 | rowspan="2" |Newport Stadium, Newport, Wales | rowspan="2" |{{fbw|WAL}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |30 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |31 |15 September 2016 |Aker Stadion, Molde, Norway |{{fbw|KAZ}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |10–0 |- | align="center" |32 | rowspan="3" |19 September 2016 | rowspan="3" |Høddvoll Stadion, Ulsteinvik, Norway | rowspan="3" |{{fbw|ISR}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |5–0 |- | align="center" |33 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |34 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |35 |29 November 2016 |Stadion an der Gellertstraße, Chemnitz, Germany |{{fbw|GER}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |- | align="center" |36 |22 January 2017 |La Manga Club Football Stadium, La Manga, Spain |{{fbw|ENG}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |- | align="center" |37 |1 March 2017 |Estádio Municipal Bela Vista, Parchal, Portugal |{{fbw|ISL}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2017 Algarve Cup |- | align="center" |38 |10 April 2017 |Skagerak Arena, Skien, Norway |{{fbw|SUI}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |Friendly |- | align="center" |39 | rowspan="3" |7 April 2022 | rowspan="3" |Sandefjord Arena, Sandefjord, Norway | rowspan="3" |{{fbw|KVX}} | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |5–1 | rowspan="3" |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |40 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |41 | align="center" |4–1 |- | align="center" |42 |25 June 2022 |Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway |{{fbw|NZL}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Friendly |} == Nkwanye ugwu == [[Usòrò:Ada_Hegerberg_2019.jpg|thumb|346x346px| Ada Hegerberg na Lyon n'afọ 2019.]] '''Ọnọdụ''' * Iko ụmụ nwanyị Norwegian : nke afọ 2012 '''Lyon''' * Nkeji 1 Féminine (7): 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22 * Coupe de France (5): 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2019–20 * Uefa Champions League ụmụ nwanyị (6): 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22 * Trophée des Championnes (2) : 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 September 2019|title=Trophée des Championnes – L'OL étoffe son palmarès d'un nouveau titre|url=https://m.footofeminin.fr/Trophee-des-Championnes-L-OL-etoffe-son-palmares-d-un-nouveau-titre_a16191.html|accessdate=22 September 2019|language=fr}}</ref>, 2022 '''Norway''' * UEFA Women's Euro : onye gbara ọsọ nke afọ 2013 '''Onye''' * UEFA Best Player Player na Europe : nkè afọ 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hegerberg, Henry, Marozsán are women's nominees|date=5 August 2016|url=http://www.uefa.org/uefa-best-player-award/news/newsid=2394581.html|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> <ref name="2015/16_season">{{Cite web|title=Ada Hegerberg voted Best Women's Player in Europe|date=25 August 2016|url=http://www.uefa.org/uefa-best-player-award/news/newsid=2398287.html|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * UEFA Best Player Player na Europe : onye gbara ọsọ nke afọ 2018, 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pernille Harder wins UEFA Women's Player of the Year award|date=30 August 2018|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/newsid=2567665.html|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu Norwegian nke afọ : 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://us.as.com/us/2018/09/03/futbol/1535984724_496984.html|title=Nominadas al premio "The best"|publisher=AS.com|language=es|author=Karla Bustamante del Valle|date=3 September 2018|accessdate=21 January 2019|archivedate=17 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117201350/https://us.as.com/us/2018/09/03/futbol/1535984724_496984.html}}</ref> * FIFA FIFPro Ụwa XI: ṅ'afọ 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifpro.org/noticias/las-mejores-futbolistas-del-mundo-el-once-mundial/es/|title=Las mejores futbolistas: el Once Mundial - FIFPro World Players' Union|first=Raymond|author=Beaard|accessdate=9 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203723/https://www.fifpro.org/noticias/las-mejores-futbolistas-del-mundo-el-once-mundial/es/|archivedate=28 July 2017}}</ref> * 100 kacha mma ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ n'ụwa : n'afọ 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 100 Women's Footballers of 2016: 30–21|url=https://offsiderulepodcast.com/2016/12/21/top-100-womens-footballers-of-2016-30-21/|work=The Offside Rule|language=en|date=21 December 2016}}</ref> * Bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị BBC nke afọ : 2017, <ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=BBC Women's Footballer of the Year 2017: Ada Hegerberg wins award|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40010156|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=30 May 2017|accessdate=30 May 2017}}</ref> 2019 <ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Ada Hegerberg named BBC Women's Footballer of the Year 2019|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48353911|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=22 May 2019|accessdate=22 May 2019}}</ref> * Ballon d'Or Féminin : n'afọ 2018 <ref name="first women’s Ballon d’Or"/> * Onye ọkpụkpọ FIFA kacha mma - Ebe nke atọ: n'afọ 2018 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45631205|title=Luka Modric named best male player and Marta best female player at Fifa awards|date=24 September 2018|work=BBC News/Sport/Football|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> * Onye ọkpụkpọ FIFA kacha mma - ahọpụtara: n'afọ 2019 <ref name=":0" /> * Otu IFFHS Women's World Team : ṅ'afọ 2018, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-women-world-team-2018/|title=IFFHS AWARDS – THE WOMEN WORLD TEAM 2018|publisher=IFFHS|date=1 December 2018|accessdate=5 December 2018|archivedate=15 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515040509/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-women-world-team-2018/}}</ref> 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-the-iffhs-world-women-world-team-of-the-year-2019/|title=IFFHS AWARDS 2019 – THE IFFHS WOMEN WORLD TEAM OF THE YEAR 2019|publisher=IFFHS|date=30 November 2019|accessdate=30 November 2019|archivedate=2 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202213837/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-the-iffhs-world-women-world-team-of-the-year-2019/}}</ref> * Gullballen : 2015, 2016, 2018 * Otu nwanyị IFFHS nke ụwa nke iri afọ 2011–2020 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/918|title=IFFHS WORLD'S WOMAN TEAM OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|work=IFFHS|date=25 January 2021|accessdate=30 August 2022|archivedate=18 February 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218231349/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/918}}</ref> * Otu nwanyị IFFHS UEFA nke iri afọ 2011-2020 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/931|title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - UEFA - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|work=IFFHS|date=31 January 2021|accessdate=30 August 2022|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130211/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/931}}</ref> * Uefa Champions League ụmụ nwanyị kacha agba bọọlụ: n'afọ2016, 2018 * Nkeji 1 Féminine Kachasị Gosịnụ: n'afọ2016, 2017, 2018 * Nkeji 1 Féminine Player kacha mma: n'afọ 2016 * 2019 UEFA Champions League onye ọkpụkpọ ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu * Ndị otu UEFA Champions League ụmụ nwanyị nke oge : n'afọ 2015–16, 2017–18, <ref>[[2017–18 UEFA Women's Champions League#Squad of the season|UEFA Women's Champions League Squad of the Season]]</ref> 2018–19, <ref>[[2018–19 UEFA Women's Champions League#Squad of the season|UEFA Women's Champions League Squad of the Season]]</ref> 2021–22 '''Ndekọ''' * Ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị na UEFA Champions League ụmụ nwanyị : iri ise na iteghete * Kacha goolu n'ime otu UEFA Champions League ụmụ nwanyị : iri na ise * Ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị na UEFA Champions League ụmụ nwanyị maka otu klọb: iri ise na ise ( Olympique Lyonnais ) * Onye egwuregwu bọọlụ izizi gbagoro okpu n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke UEFA Women's Champions League (otu egwuregwu) * Onye egwuregwu bọọlụ izizi nyere akara na ngwụcha asọmpi asọmpi Uefa ụmụ nwanyị anọ dị iche iche (nke abụọ na Alfredo di Stefano ma nwoke na nwanyị jikọtara ọnụ) * Ndị na-agba ọsọ ọsọ iji ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ irí ise na UEFA Women's Champions na UEFA Champions League jikọtara (egwuregwu iri anọ na iteghete) == Ihe ndetu == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q97igsen3rlly2y9g604qtyrhhxxe07 0 21739 688137 100585 2026-07-14T22:14:26Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Rotjan - Enderbury Day 1 - 2nd half (62).JPG|thumb|Habitat]] Na gburugburu ebe obibi, okwu ebe obibi na-achịkọta ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe, anụ ahụ na biotic ihe dị na mpaghara, dị ka ịkwado ndụ na mmepụta nke otu ụdị. Enwere ike ịhụ ebe obibi ụdị dị ka ngosipụta anụ ahụ nke niche ya dị ndụ. Ya mere "ebe obibi" bụ okwu a kapịrị ọnụ nke ụdị dị iche iche, nke dị iche na echiche dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ, nke okwu ahụ bụ "ụdị ebe obibi" dabara nke ọma.[1]. f9o6ce4huz2clbfjikelqp5nq8pwynk 0 23216 688058 687443 2026-07-14T12:30:10Z ~2026-39817-92 64621 688058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Universum TV Multispiel 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Usòrò:ArcadeGames.jpg|thumb|Egwuregwu vidiyo]]video game]] '''Egwuregwu vidiyo''', [lower-alpha 1] nke a makwaara dị ka egwuregwu kọmputa, bụ egwuregwu eletrọnịkị nke gụnyere mmekọrịta nke onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ntinye - dị ka joystick, njikwa, kiiboodu, ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ mmetụta ngagharị - iji mepụta nzaghachi anya.  A na-egosipụtakarị nzaghachi a na ngwaọrụ ngosi vidiyo, dị ka ihe onyonyo, ihe nleba anya, ihuenyo mmetụ, ma ọ bụ ekweisi eziokwu mebere.  Ụfọdụ egwuregwu kọmputa anaghị adabere mgbe niile na ihe ngosi eserese, dịka ọmụmaatụ, egwuregwu njem egwuregwu ederede na chess kọmputa nwere ike ịme site na ngwa nbipute teletype.  A na-agbakwunye egwuregwu vidiyo site na nzaghachi ọdịyo ewepụtara site na ọkà okwu ma ọ bụ ekweisi, yana mgbe ụfọdụ ụdị nzaghachi ndị ọzọ, gụnyere teknụzụ haptic. shsfvmdw4gikk3apzueyd8edny96kel 0 23271 688086 640518 2026-07-14T16:38:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Zindzi_Mandela_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Zindzi Mandela]] Zindziswa "Zindzi" Mandela (23 Disemba 1960 ♡ 13 Julaị 2020), nke a makwaara dị ka '''Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane''', bụ onye nnọchi anya mba South Africa na onye na-ede uri, na nwa nwanyị nke ndị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Nelson Mandela]] na Winnie Madikizela-Mandela.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=JUST IN: Zindzi Mandela, 59, has died|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/just-in-zindzi-mandela-59-has-died-20200713|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=13 July 2020}}</ref> Zindzi bụ nwa ikpeazụ na nke atọ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nke Nelson Mandela, gụnyere nwanne nwanyị Zenani Mandela.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nelson Mandela's daughters emerge from his shadow to forge careers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/07/nelson-mandela-zenani-maki|first=David|author=Smith|date=7 July 2012|accessdate=13 July 2020|work=The Observer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Swails|first=Brent|title=Zindzi Mandela tested positive for Covid-19 on the day she died, son says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/16/africa/zindzi-mandela-coronavirus-intl/index.html|date=16 July 2020|accessdate=2020-07-22|work=CNN}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya mba ya na Denmark, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2020, ọ ga-eweghara ọrụ dị ka ihe nnọchi anya na [[Liberia]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=South Africa’s ambassador to Denmark Mandela dies aged 59|url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20200713/south-africas-ambassador-to-denmark-mandela-dies-aged-59|accessdate=17 July 2020|date=13 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="nyTimesDied20200713">Chutel, Lynsey (13 July 2020), [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/world/africa/zindzi-mandela-dies.html "Zindzi Mandela, Activist in South Africa and Ambassador, Dies at 59"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nwanyị mbụ nke South Africa site na 1996 ruo 1998.<ref name="Eve">{{Cite news|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/achieving-woman/article/2001378703/zindzi-mandela-south-africas-former-first-lady-apartheid-heroine-dies-at-59|title=Zindzi Mandela: South Africa’s former first lady, apartheid heroine dies at 59|first=Derrick|author=Oluoch|work=Eve – Achieving Woman|publisher=Standard Media}}</ref> E bipụtara nchịkọta uri ya, Black As I Am, na 1978, na foto nke [[Peter Magubane]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newframe.com/remembering-zindzi-mandela-the-writer/|title=Remembering Zindzi Mandela, the writer|first=Ntombizikhona|author=Valela|work=New Frame|date=13 August 2020|accessdate=20 October 2022|archivedate=29 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929172510/https://www.newframe.com/remembering-zindzi-mandela-the-writer/}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Zindzi Mandela na 23 Disemba 1960 na Soweto, n'ihe bụ Union of South Africa n'oge ahụ, nye Nelson na Winnie Mandela.<ref name="IOL1">{{Cite news|title=Watch: The heirs to the Madikizela–Mandela dynasty|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/watch-the-heirs-to-the-madikizela-mandela-dynasty-14213604|date=3 April 2018|accessdate=13 July 2020|work=iOL}}</ref><ref name="SAHO bio">{{Cite web|title=Zindziswa Mandela|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/zindziswa-mandela|accessdate=13 July 2020|publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> Afọ a mụrụ ya bụkwa afọ African National Congress (ANC) malitere ngalaba agha ya. Gọọmentị chọrọ nne na nna ya.<ref name="sao">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/zindzi-mandela-born Zindzi Mandela born], South African History Online, 16 March 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Zindzi dị ọnwa iri na asatọ mgbe e zigara nna ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.<ref name="SAHO bio" /> N'oge ọ na-eto eto, a na-ahapụkarị ya n'aka nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye Zenani Mandela mgbe a tụrụ nne ya mkpọrọ ọtụtụ ọnwa n'otu oge.<ref name="Carlin">{{Cite news|title=A child of her time|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-child-of-her-time-zindzi-mandela-was-never-destined-for-a-normal-life-her-parents-were-the-royal-family-of-the-anc-her-father-imprisoned-her-mother-hounded-zindzi-lived-with-winnie-through-the-scandal-of-the-football-club-years-and-her-subsequent-trial-already-with-four-children-she-finally-married-last-year-after-her-parents-separation-1476274.html|first=John|author=Carlin|date=3 January 1993|accessdate=13 July 2020|work=The Independent}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1977, mgbe a chụpụrụ nne ya na Orange Free State, Zindzi sooro ya biri n'ebe ahụ. Zindzi enweghị ike ịgụcha akwụkwọ ya ruo mgbe e zigara ya [[Eswatini|Swaziland]].<ref name="sao"/> N'ikpeazụ, e kwere ka nne ya laghachi Soweto.<ref name="Carlin"/> Onye isi ala nke oge ahụ, P. W. Botha, nyere nna Zindzi ntọhapụ na 1985. Otu n'ime nne na nna ya enweghị ike inye nzaghachi nna ya. N'ihi ya, a họọrọ Zindzi ka ọ gụọ ọjụjụ ya na nzukọ ọha na eze na 10 Febụwarị 1985.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_yyZvfSvnk "Zindzi Mandela reads her father’s rejection to PW Botha in 1985"], SABC Digital News, via YouTube, 30 January 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> E bipụtara uri ya na 1978 n'akwụkwọ ''Black'' as I Am, ya na foto nke [[Peter Magubane]], ọ pụtakwara na mbipụta gụnyere Somehow We Survive: An Anthology of South African Writing, nke Sterling Plumpp dezigharịrị, na Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent, nke Margaret Busby dezigharị.<ref>Mandela, Zindzi (Zindziswa), "I Waited for You Last Night", in ''Daughters of Africa'', Jonathan Cape, 1992, p. 915.</ref> Zindzi gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum nke Cape Town, ebe ọ nwetara BA na 1985.<ref name="sao"/><ref name="worldpost">Jackson Jr., William E. (11 December 2013; updated 10 February 2014), [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-e-jackson-jr/madiba-in-the-presence-of_b_4421409.html "Madiba: In the Presence of Greatness"], The World Post, ''[[HuffPost]]''. Retrieved 31 July 2017.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180304011405/http://whoswho.co.za/zindzi-mandela-6358 "Zindzi Mandela"], Who's Who Southern Africa; accessed 13 July 2020.</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anọchite anya nwanyị mbụ nke South Africa site na 1996 ruo 1998, n'etiti ịgba alụkwaghịm nne na nna ya na [[Graça Machel]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Villiers|first=James de|title=OBIT {{!}} Zindzi Mandela, remembered for her 1985 address, dies at 59|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/obituaries/obit-zindzi-mandela-remembered-for-her-1985-address-dies-at-59-20200713|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=2020-07-13|work=News24|language=en}}</ref> === Ọrụ nnọchiteanya === A họpụtara Zindzi ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya South Africa na [[Denmark]] n'afọ 2014. O rutere Denmark na June 2015.<ref>Hamilton, Ben (26 June 2015), [http://cphpost.dk/general/mandela-finally-in-denmark.html "Mandela finally in Denmark"], ''CPHPost''. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Na June 2019, mgbe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya na Denmark, akaụntụ Twitter Mandela zigara usoro tweets siri ike, ebe ọ tụlere "ndị ụjọ na-atụ ụjọ bụ ndị na-ezu ohi na-edina Van Riebeck [sic]", na "ndị ọbịa a na-akpọghị òkù na-achọghị ịpụ" nke kpatara nnukwu esemokwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/social-media/2143542/zindzi-mandela-lashes-out-at-trembling-white-cowards-and-shivering-land-thieves/|title=Zindzi Mandela lashes out at 'trembling white cowards' and 'shivering land thieves'|author=Citizen reporter|work=The Citizen|date=15 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/zindzi-mandela-twitter-account-calls-out-apartheid-apologists/|title=Zindzi Mandela Twitter account calls out 'apartheid apologists'|first=Nick|author=Krige|work=The South African|date=15 June 2019|accessdate=20 October 2022|archivedate=20 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020095045/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/zindzi-mandela-twitter-account-calls-out-apartheid-apologists/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zindzimandela-divides-twitter-with-ourland-tweets-26346019|title=#ZindziMandela divides Twitter with #OurLand tweets|work=www.iol.co.za|date=15 June 2019}}</ref> Mandela-Hlongwane gosipụtara n'ọnwa ahụ "ịhụnanya na nkwanye ùgwù miri emi, nke na-enweghị atụ" maka "CIC" (onye ndú) nke Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), Julius Malema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/zindzi-mandela-takes-aim-at-apartheid-apologists-as-ourland-trends-on-twitter-20190615|title=Zindzi Mandela takes aim at 'Apartheid apologists' as #OurLand trends|work=News24|date=15 June 2019|accessdate=13 July 2020}}</ref> Mgbe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmekọrịta na Nkwado Mba Nile (DIRCO) na-enyocha ya maka imebi iwu mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ha, Mandela nọgidere na-enupụ isi, na-ezigara Twitter na "Adịghị m ịza ajụjụ nye onye ọcha ọ bụla maka echiche nke onwe m. Enweghị missus ma ọ bụ baas ebe a. Nwee onwe gị #OurLand".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-06-18-zindzi-mandela-not-off-the-hook-yet-over-twitter-rant/|title=Zindzi Mandela not off the hook yet over Twitter rant|first=Neo|author=Goba|date=18 June 2019|work=SowetanLIVE}}</ref> Minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi bụ [[Naledi Pandor]] nyere ya iwu ka ọ "na-akpa onwe ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ" ma na-agbaso iwu mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta nke ngalaba ahụ, onye bụbu onye isi ala Thabo Mbeki gosipụtara nchegbu banyere echiche ya, a kọwakwara echiche ya dị ka okwu ịkpọasị nke onye agha ANC bụ Mavuso Msimang, ebe echiche ya nwetara nkwado site na EFF na onye isi ala nke KwaZulu-Natal Sihle Zikalala.<ref name="iolMbekiAction">Meth, Oliver(23 June 2019), [https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/thabo-mbeki-wants-action-to-be-taken-against-zindzi-mandela-27255732 "Thabo Mbeki wants action to be taken against Zindzi Mandela"], ''Sunday Tribune''.</ref> tweets ya bịara nso na njedebe nke afọ anọ ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya na Denmark.<ref name="news24EndOfTermTirade">De Lange, Jan (23 June 2019), [https://city-press.news24.com/News/the-end-of-zindzi-mandelas-term-may-have-driven-tirade-20190623 "The end of Zindzi Mandela’s term may have driven tirade"], ''City Press''.</ref> N'oge ọ nwụrụ na Johannesburg, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya na Liberia, ọrụ ndị ezinụlọ kọwara dị ka " ntaramahụhụ" maka tweets ya na-ese okwu n'afọ gara aga.<ref name="nyTimesDied20200713"/><ref name="timesLive20200719">Mokone, Thabo (19 July 2020), [https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2020-07-19-niece-says-zindzi-mandelas-liberia-post-was-punishment-for-land-reform-tweets/ "Niece says Zindzi's deployment to Liberia was 'punishment' for land reform tweets"], ''Sunday Times''.</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ == Zindzi lụrụ di ugboro abụọ ma mụọ ụmụ anọ site n'aka di mbụ ya: nwa nwanyị Zoleka Mandela (1980) na ụmụ nwoke Zondwa Mandela (1985), Bambatha Mandela (1989) na Zwelabo Mandela (1992).<ref>[http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/nelson-mandela-family-tree "Nelson Mandela Family Tree"], South African History Online. Retrieved 24 November 2016.</ref> Di mbụ ya bụ Zwelibanzi Hlongwane .<ref>Pope, Hugh (8 March 1995), [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/mandelas-will-divorce-says-daughter-1610315.html "Mandelas will divorce, says daughter"], ''The Independent''.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Genealogy – Nelson Mandela Foundation|url=https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/genealogy|accessdate=2021-02-02|work=www.nelsonmandela.org|language=en-us}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ di ya nke abụọ, Molapo Motlhajwa, onye bụ onye otu South African National Defence Force, na Machị 2013.<ref name="marry">Louw, Poppy, and Leonie Wagner (6 March 2013), [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729121510/http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2013/03/06/mandelas-daughter-weds-mk-veteran/ "Mandela's daughter marries MK veteran"], ''Daily Dispatch''. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> A na-ekwu na Mandela-Hlongwane kwetara ịhazi egwuregwu ịkụ ọkpọ n'etiti Floyd Mayweather na Manny Pacquiao iji kwekọọ na ụbọchị ọmụmụ nna ya na 2011. Egwuregwu ahụ emeghị ma onye na-akwalite ịkụ ọkpọ Duane Moody gbara akwụkwọ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma maka ụlọ ikpe US iji nye iwu ka ọ kwụọ US $ 4.7m, tinyere ụgwọ, maka mmebi Moody. A tụrụ anya na Mandela-Hlongwane ga-arịọ arịrịọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Padayachee|first=Kamini|date=22 December 2011|title=Zindzi Mandela ordered to pay R62m|work=iOL|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/zindzi-mandela-ordered-to-pay-r62m-1203763|accessdate=13 July 2020}}</ref> Zindzi nwụrụ na 13 Julaị 2020, n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Johannesburg mgbe ọ dị afọ 59.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Zindzi Mandela, daughter of Nelson and Winnie, dies at 59|url=https://apnews.com/e1ae85c7cfb5cfbb72e94b3220315cd0|first=Mogomotsi|author=Magome|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=13 July 2020}}</ref> A kpughere na ọ nwalere COVID-19 n'ụbọchị ọ nwụrụ. Otú ọ dị, ekwughị na nje ahụ bụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya ka ezinụlọ ya na-echere akụkọ nyocha ozu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/zindzi-mandela-tested-positive-for-the-coronavirus-family-awaiting-autopsy-report/|title=Zindzi Mandela tested positive for Coronavirus, family awaiting autopsy report|author=SABC|work=sabcnews|date=15 July 2020|accessdate=16 July 2020}}</ref> E liri ya n'akụkụ nne ya, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, na Fourways Memorial Park na 17 Julaị, otu ụbọchị tupu ihe ga-abụ ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke 102 nke nna ya nwụrụ anwụ, [[Nelson Mandela]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/hamba-kahle-mkhonto-zindzi-mandela-to-be-buried-next-to-her-mum-winnie-51112721|title=Hamba kahle Mkhonto! Zindzi Mandela to be buried next to her mum, Winnie|first=Sihle|author=Mavuso|work=iOL|date=17 July 2020|accessdate=17 July 2020}}</ref> == Ihe osise == * Na 2009 BBC telefilm Mrs Mandela, Refilwe Pitsoe gosipụtara Zindzi. * [[Bonnie Mbuli|Bonnie Henna]] gosipụtara Zindzi na ihe nkiri ''Invictus'' (2009).<ref name="Keller">{{harvnb|Battersby|2011|p=601}}; {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/books/review/Keller-t.html?_r=0 |title=Entering the Scrum |last=Keller|first= Bill |date=15 August 2008 |work=The New York Times |access-date=14 February 2013 |archive-date=7 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207003417/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/books/review/Keller-t.html?_r=1& |url-status=live }}</ref> * Xoliswa Sithole gosipụtara Zindzi na ihe nkiri TV ''Mandela'' (1987).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mandela (1987)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093490/?ref_=fn_al_tt_2|work=IMDb}}</ref> == Edensibịa == === Ihe ndị e kwuru === {{Reflist}} === Akwụkwọ === *   == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} * Carolyne Wangui, "Zindzi Mandela Biography and Family", Africanmania.com, 16 August 2017. * Julia Llewellyn Smith, "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/10513991/Zindzi-Mandela-interview-the-father-I-knew.html Zindzi Mandela] interview: nna m maara", ''The Telegraph'', 15 Disemba 2013. * "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHNoAElTDb4 Kwu okwu na Al Jazeera] na-ekwu na 18 Julaị 08 Akụkụ 1" na "Kwuwa okwu na Al Jzeera na na-ekwu maka Zindzi Mandela na 18 July 08 Akụkụ 2". Vidio YouTube. {{Nelson Mandela}} [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dbkzsot8fy86fnhz0nrivczzf6zb8c8 0 24924 688087 640520 2026-07-14T16:40:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zineb Redouani''' (Arabic; amụrụ na 12 Junnu 2000) bụ onye Morocco na agba bọọlụ nke na agbachitere ASFAR na otu ụmụ nwanyị nke Morocco. == Ọrụ klọb == Redouani agbaala bọọlụ maka ASFAR na Morocco.<ref name="K">{{Cite news|url=https://www.kick442.com/aisha-buhari-tournament-morocco-stun-cameroon-in-the-clash-of-the-lionesses/|title=Aisha Buhari Tournament: Morocco stun Cameroon in the clash of the Lionesses|first=Oyediji Oluwaseun|author=Babatunde|work=KICK442|date=16 September 2021|accessdate=17 September 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Redouani emeela maka Morocco na ọkwa dị elu n'oge Aisha Buhari Iko.<ref name="K" /> == Nsọpụrụ == * IFFHS Ndị otu Africa nke afọ: 2022<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFFHS|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490|accessdate=2023-01-24|work=www.iffhs.com|archivedate=2023-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319191838/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Morocco na agba bọọlụ mba ụwa == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1t4rhzz67ucjy8gyzb3ccpr5y8id8j8 0 26135 688106 632410 2026-07-14T21:25:22Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Nzukọ 2016 United Nations Change Climate Change bụ nzukọ mba ụwa nke ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-eme ihe iji kwurịta ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi. Emere ya na Marrakech, [[Morocco]], na 7-18 Nọvemba 2016. Nzukọ ahụ webatara ọgbakọ nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke otu (COP22), nzukọ iri na abụọ nke ndị otu na Kyoto Protocol (CMP12), na nzukọ mbụ nke ndị otu na Paris Agreement (CMA1). Ebumnuche nke ogbako ahụ bụ iji kparịta ma mejuputa atụmatụ gbasara ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na iji "[gosipụta] ụwa na mmejuputa nkwekọrịta nke Paris na-aga n'ihu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/meetings/marrakech_nov_2016/meeting/9567.php|title=Marrakech Climate Change Conference - November 2016|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-21}}</ref> Ndị sonyere na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji nweta ngwọta zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. Onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ Salaheddine Mezouar, Minista Moroccan maka Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ na Imekọ ihe ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maghrebemergent.com/actualite/maghrebine/54192-maroc-les-preparatifs-vont-bon-train-a-marrakech-pour-la-tenue-de-la-cop22-en-2016.html|title=Maroc - Les préparatifs vont bon train à Marrakech pour la tenue de la COP22 en 2016 - Maghreb Emergent|author=Xinhua|work=www.maghrebemergent.com|accessdate=2016-11-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226220656/http://www.maghrebemergent.com/actualite/maghrebine/54192-maroc-les-preparatifs-vont-bon-train-a-marrakech-pour-la-tenue-de-la-cop22-en-2016.html|archivedate=26 December 2015}}</ref> A na-atụ anya na ihe dị ka mmadụ Puku iri abụọ ga-abịa. Na 2 Mee 2016, ụlọ ọrụ ihe omume GL Events bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọrụ ahụ. [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo]] nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kwadokwara nkwadebe maka COP 22. W+ Standard meriri ihe nrite afọ 2016 UNFCCC10 maka Momentum for Change d<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nisha Onta|date=2017-01-13|title=Wocan 2016 highlights|url=https://www.slideshare.net/NishaOnta/wocan-2016-highlights}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == === Nkwekọrịta Nkwekọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe === Ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ bụ ndị otu United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ('''UNFCCC'''). Ebumnuche nke mgbakọ a bụ iji gbochie "mmadụ na-etinye aka na usoro ihu igwe".<ref name="Change">{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/items/6036.php|title=Introduction to the Convention|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ma United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity na Convention to Combat Desertification; A na-ewere ha atọ dị ka 'Rio Conventions' nakweere na Rio Earth Summit n'afọ 1992. Enwere nzọụkwụ asaa nke UNFCCC depụtara dị ka "nchịkọta nke mgbakọ ahụ..<ref name="Change" /> # A na-ahụ nsogbu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye nchekwa mmadụ. # A ghaghị ibelata gas na-ekpo ọkụ, ọkachasị na mba ndị mepere emepe, a na-agbakwa mba dị iche iche ume ka ha belata gas na. # Mba ndị nwere ọganihu ga-eme ihe iji belata ikuku na-esi ísì ụtọ ma na-eduga ụzọ maka mba ndị na-emepe emepe. # Mba ndị dị n'ọganihu ga-enyere mba ndị na-emepe emepe aka site n'inye nkwado ego na teknụzụ. # Ma mba ndị mepere emepe ma ndị na-emepe emepe na-enye akụkọ banyere iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ. # Na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, a na-ekwusi ike na uto dị ọcha iji belata mmụba nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe mba ahụ na-emepụta ihe. # Iji mee ka ndụ dị mma n'ihu mgbanwe ihu igwe, mgbakọ ahụ ga-ekwu maka ma mee mgbanwe maka mmetụta ọjọọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe mgbe ọ dị mkpa. === Nkwekọrịta Kyoto === Nzukọ Marrakech bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu na nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke United Nations haziri na-agbaso Protocol Kyoto. E dere Kyoto Protocol n'afọ 1997 na COP3, mana a nabataghị ya ruo na 16 Febụwarị 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/background/items/2879.php|title=A Summary of the Kyoto Protocol|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> Ọ malitere site n'afọ 2008 ruo 2012. O mejupụtara iwu siri ike iji hụ na mbelata ikuku zuru ụwa ọnụ. E nwere usoro atọ dị mkpa nke mba nwere ike iji nyere aka belata ikuku: azụmaahịa ikuku mba ụwa, usoro mmepe dị ọcha, na mmejuputa njikọta.<ref name="unfccc.int">{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php|title=Kyoto Protocol|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke Protocol ahụ bụkwa iji nyere mba aka ime mgbanwe na ọnọdụ mgbanwe ihu igwe. Tụkwasị na nke a, [[Ọgbakọ Otú United Nations Fremewok maka Ngbanwe Iru igwe|Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe nke UN]] na-enweta akụkọ site n'aka ndị otu, na-enyocha azụmahịa, ma na-aza ajụjụ maka ndị otu. UNFCC na-ewere Protocol Kyoto dị ka "nzọụkwụ mbụ" maka nguzogide mgbanwe ihu igwe..<ref name="unfccc.int" /> === Nkwekọrịta Paris === Nkwekọrịta Paris bu n'obi igbochi ịrị elu nke okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. A na-ahazi nke a site na akụkọ ndị otu pati na-ezitere, nke pụtara iji kwalite nghọta nke omume nke ma mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe na ndị mepere emepe mere. O nwekwara usoro iji mee ka mba nwee ike ime mgbanwe n'ọnọdụ mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ụzọ mgbanwe nke obodo nwere ike isi mee ka a na-akpọ "atụnye aka nke mba niile". Ndị NDC bụ n'ezie mbọ mba ọ bụla ga-eme iji belata ihe ọkụkụ ha. Oge njedebe maka nkwekọrịta a malitere na 4 Nọvemba 2016. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, 132 n'ime ndị otu 197 kwadoro ya na mgbakọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php|title=The Paris Agreement - main page|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> === COPs ndị bu ụzọ === ==== 2009: Copenhagen (COP15) ==== Ebum n'obi na ọgbakọ Copenhagen ga-esi na Kyoto, wee mebie na nkwekọrịta Copenhagen, ederede nwere ibe 3 na-akọwapụta ebumnuche mba ụwa niile gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe (ibelata ikuku ikuku griin haus, na-amachi okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ bụrụ 2 Celsius C na inye ijeri dollar 30). maka 2010-2012). N'agbanyeghị ebumnuche ndị a, a na-ewerekarị ọgbakọ ahụ dị ka ọdịda.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8426835.stm|title=Why did Copenhagen fail to deliver a climate deal?|date=22 December 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=3 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/18/copenhagen-deal|title=Low targets, goals dropped: Copenhagen ends in failure|author=Vidal|first=John|date=2009-12-18|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-11-10}}</ref> ==== 2011: Durban (COP17) ==== Ebumnuche nke ogbako Durban bụ ịmalite mkparịta ụka site na mmalite iji kwado ụzọ maka mkparita ụka n'ọdịnihu. Ah Hoc Working Group na Durban Platform for Enhanced Action ka emepụtara iji "mechie oghere ebumnuche" nke dị n'etiti nkwa ikuku gas nke mba dị iche iche mere na ebumnuche idobe mgbanwe ihu igwe n'okpuru mmụba nke 2 °C..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6645.php|title=Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2016-11-10}}</ref> ==== 2014: Lima (COP20) ==== Ihe kacha mkpa nke Nzukọ Lima bụ ịgbalị iji mee ka ebumnuche nke ịnọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe ihu igwe n'okpuru mmụba nke 2 °C n'etiti ụbọchị a na 2100. Nzukọ ahụ meghere na akwụkwọ nkwadebe maka nkwekọrịta COP21 n'ọdịnihu na Paris na site na ịnakwere ederede peeji 37.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Conference of the parties|year=2014|location=Lima}}</ref> ==== 2015: Paris (COP21) ==== Mba Otu narị na iri itoolu na ise ndị sonyere na ogbako ahụ nakweere nkwekọrịta ihu igwe mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide nke na-achọ ịmachi mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmụba okpomọkụ na-erughị 2 Celsius C..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/paris/index_en.htm|title=Paris Agreement - European Commission|work=ec.europa.eu|accessdate=2016-11-10}}</ref> == Ndị bịara == Enwere ike ịhazi ndị bịara mgbakọ ahụ n'otu n'ime ụdị atọ: ndị otu, ndị na-ekiri, ma ọ bụ ndị otu mgbasa ozi / mgbasa ozi. === Òtù === Enwere otu atọ dị iche iche nke mba nwere ike itinye ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere ha dị ka "otu". Ndị a bụ Annex I, Annex II, na Non-Annex I. Nzukọ nke otu na-ekpebi ọkwa nsonye nke obodo ọ bụla. Ọ na-ekpebi ma ọ bụrụ na obodo ahụ chọrọ inye ndị ọzọ enyemaka ego, ugboro ole ha ga-ezigara akụkọ, na iwu siri ike na obodo ha. Aha Mgbakwunye I na-ezo aka na mba ndị mepere emepe na-etinye aka na Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) na 1992 ma ọ bụ mba na mgbanwe akụ na ụba (EIT). Annex II na-ezo aka na mba ndị dị na OECD mana ọ bụghị EIT. Ndị otu a chọrọ ka ha nyere mba ndị na-emepe emepe aka n'ụzọ ego. A na-atụkwa anya na ha ga-emekwu usoro iji gbanwee gaa na teknụzụ ihu igwe na-emekọrịta ihe iji belata ikuku ikuku griin haus. Mba ndị na-abụghị nke mgbakwunye na-etolite na nke kachasị mfe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ihi ọnọdụ, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ okwu ndị ọzọ etinyere n'ime obodo ahụ. Aha ọzọ bụ "mba ndị mepere emepe kacha nta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/parties_and_observers/items/2704.php|title=Parties & Observers|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> Nke a na-egosi na mba ahụ nwere ike ịzaghachi nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe. Akara a na-egosi ndị ọzọ ọkwa nkwado dị mkpa. === Ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ === Òtù ndị na-ekiri ihe na-emenụ gụnyere United Nations Systems na ụlọ ọrụ ya pụrụ iche, òtù ndị na-ahụ maka gọọmentị ('''IGOs'''), na '''òtù''' ndị na'abụghị gọọmentị.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/parties_and_observers/observer_organizations/items/9524.php|title=Observer organizations and civil society|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> Òtù ndị na-ekiri ihe ga-etinye akwụkwọ ma bụrụ ndị COP nabatara iji zipụ ndị nnọchiteanya na nzukọ ma ọ bụ ngosi ọ bụla metụtara UNFCCC. NGO nwere ike ịbụ azụmaahịa, òtù ndị ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, ụmụ amaala, ìgwè ndị metụtara nwoke na nwanyị, ìgwè ndị ntorobịa, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ndị ọrụ ugwo.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> A nabatara ihe dị ka 2,000 NGO na 100 IGOs na nzukọ 2016. Ozugbo a nabatara otu nzukọ, ha agaghị etinye akwụkwọ ọzọ maka nzukọ na-esonụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/parties_and_observers/observer_organizations/items/9523.php|title=Non-admitted NGOs and IGOs|author=Change|first=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate|work=unfccc.int|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> Ndị nleba anya nwere ike nyefee nzaghachi, n'aha nzukọ ha dum, metụtara isiokwu ma ọ bụ iwu n'ime ọgbakọ ahụ. == Ebumnuche nke COP22 == Ebumnuche COP ọ bụla bụ iji jikọọ aka kpebie otu esi emeso mgbanwe ihu igwe ma belata gas na-ekpo ọkụ. Otú ọ dị, kwa afọ a na-ahọrọ isiokwu dị iche ma lekwasị anya na ya. Isi okwu nke nnọkọ nke iri abụọ na abụọ bụ maka njikwa mmiri na decarbonizing ike.<ref name="cop22.org|title=COP22">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cop22.org|title=COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) {{!}} COP22 Marrakech|work=www.cop22.org|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> COP22 mere na 14 na 15 Nọvemba n'oge UNFCCC na Marrakech.<ref name="cop22.org|title=COP22" /> Ụzọ a ga-esi tinye nkwekọrịta Paris n'ọrụ, yana usoro maka mkparịta ụka, nọ na usoro maka COP22. Nik Gowing, onye a maara dị ka onye nta akụkọ Britain, duziri ihe omume ahụ. === Mgbasa Africa ruo COP22 === N'akụkụ COP22, nzuko nke metụtara "gburugburu ndị isi obodo 30 nke Africa" ​​mere na 16 Nọvemba 2016 na Marrakesh. Mgbakọ a lekwasịrị anya na mkparita uka ihu igwe, n'azụ Africa bụ akụkụ nke ụwa nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eyi egwu. N'okwu mpaghara ọzọ, obodo Marrakesh nyekwara ohere ịmepụta onwe ya ihe oyiyi greener; dịka ọmụmaatụ, o nyela igwe igwe 300 maka iji ọha na eze mee ihe dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ ịkesa igwe kwụ otu ebe nke obodo..<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://aujourdhui.ma/economie/cop22-300-velos-libre-service-a-marrakech|title=Cop22: 300 vélos libre-service à Marrakech|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|accessdate=2016-11-10}}</ref> === Nkwupụta nke SuRe bụ Ụkpụrụ maka akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide na nke na-eguzogide === N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba, ụlọ ọrụ Swiss Global Infrastructure Basel Foundation (GIB) gosipụtara ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ maka akụrụngwa na-adịgide adịgide na Resilient na Climate Summit for Local and Regional Leaders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gib-foundation.org/news/|title=Global Infrastructure Basel - The Sustainable Infrastructure Financing Forum and Summit|accessdate=3 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214084603/http://www.gib-foundation.org/news/|archivedate=14 December 2017}}</ref> GIB sonyeere na mkparịta ụka maka "ịkwanye ego mgbanwe mpaghara na-adigide" iji tinye aka na nkọwa Marrakech Roadmap maka Action. === 14 Nọvemba === ==== Nzukọ Nchịkwa Mmiri na Nchekwa ==== Okwu zuru ezu metụtara njem mmiri, akụrụngwa n'ihe gbasara nchekwa mmiri, nkesa na-adịgide adịgide, ihe ọhụrụ maka nchekwa, na ime ka mbọ maka teknụzụ ọhụrụ dị ngwa. E nwere ndị nhazi anọ nke ihe omume ahụ: Raymond van Ermen, onye Belgian so na European Water Partnership; Masagos Zulkifli, Minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmiri nke Singapore; Edgar Gutiérrez Espeleta, Minista nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ike na Costa Rica na onyeisi oche, UNEA; Susan Mboya, Onye isi oche nke Coca-Cola Africa Foundation.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Decarbonization nke Ngwongwo Ike Keynote Panel ==== Kọmitii a kwuru okwu banyere ojiji nke ihe onwunwe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, otu esi eji iwu mee ihe iji kwalite ahịa ike ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ, yana otu esi emeziwanye akụrụngwa iji kwado mgbanwe ndị a. Ndị nhazi gụnyere Nik Gowing, onye nta akụkọ Britain; H.E. Fatima Al Foora nke United Arab Emirates; Lord Gregory Baker nke United Kingdom; Andreas Regnell nke Sweden, na Jan Rabe nke Siemens AG.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Nkwurịta Okwu Na-eme ka Obodo Njem Dị N'Otu ==== Ịgagharị, ọkachasị njem ọha na eze, bụ isi ihe a na-elekwasị anya na nnọkọ a. Ndị otu ahụ kwurịtara ohere maka nhọrọ njem ọha na eze na-adịgide adịgide nke na-adọrọ mmasị onye ọrụ. Ebumnuche bụ isi bụ ịmepụta ụzọ njem ọha na eze nwere ike isi bụrụ ikuku efu. Ndị nhazi gụnyere Nik Gowing, United Kingdom; Andreas Klugescheid, United States; Lan Marie Nguyen Berg, Norway; Glen R. Murray, [[Kánada|Canada]]; Matt Rodriquez, United States.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Nkwado Ego Omume ihu igwe Nkwụsị Isiokwu Panel ==== Otu panel a tụlere ịkwalite ngwaahịa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọhụrụ n'ihe gbasara ego, ebe ọ na-etinyekwa nlebara anya ihu igwe n'oge usoro akụ na ụba. Ndị otu panel gụnyere Eric Usher, Canada; Jochen Flasbarth, Germany; Christian Grossman, Germany; Frederic Samama, [[France]]; Mustapha Bakkoury, Morocco; Monica Scatasta, Luxembourg.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cop22.org/agenda/|title=COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Agenda {{!}} COP22 Marrakech|work=www.cop22.org|accessdate=2017-03-03}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.cop22.org/agenda/ "COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Agenda | COP22 Marrakech"]. ''www.cop22.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> === 15 Nọvemba === ==== Low Carbon Innovation na Mpaghara Na-apụta apụ Keynote Panel ==== Ndị otu ahụ tụlere ka enwere ike jikọta teknụzụ ikuku dị ala n'ime akụrụngwa dị adị, ka ndị na-eme amụma ga-esi mejuputa teknụzụ n'enweghị nsogbu, yana otu UNFCCC nwere ike isi nyere azụmaahịa mpaghara aka na mgbanwe gaa na ike ndụ ndụ. Ndị nhazi ahụ gụnyere Janos Pasztor, Hungarian; H.E. Nestor Batio Bassiere, [[Burkina Faso]]; Diego Pavia; Mafalda Duarte, United States; Elham Ibrahim, Afrịka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cop22.org/agenda/|title=COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Agenda {{!}} COP22 Marrakech|work=www.cop22.org|accessdate=2017-03-03}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.cop22.org/agenda/ "COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Agenda | COP22 Marrakech"]. ''www.cop22.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> ==== Azụmaahịa Na-adịgide Adịgide Dị ka Onye Na-akwọ Mgbanwe ==== Nzukọ a mepụtara echiche maka otu esi emepụta ụdị azụmahịa nke hapụrụ obere carbon akara n'ụwa. Ndị nhazi ahụ gụnyere Philippe Joubert, Nigeria; Peter Wheeler, UK; Pertti Korhonen, Finland; Paul Simpson, UK; Eprel Crow, US.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cop22.org/agenda/|title=COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Agenda {{!}} COP22 Marrakech|work=www.cop22.org|accessdate=2017-03-03}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.cop22.org/agenda/ "COP22 Marrakech Morocco - Sustainable Innovation Forum in partnership with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Agenda | COP22 Marrakech"]. ''www.cop22.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> ==== Mmetụta na-emetụta ihe ọhụrụ: Ịkwalite uto agụmakwụkwọ Green ==== Nzukọ a tụlere ka teknụzụ ọhụrụ na ihe ọhụrụ ga-esi egosipụta àgwà enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Na mgbakwunye, ha kwesịrị inye aka mepụta ọrụ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma nwee ike itinye ha n'ahịa ndị dịbu adị. Ndị nhazi gụnyere Sue Reid, Indonesia; Paul Isaac Musasizi, [[Uganda]]; Eric Olson, US; Yoshioka Tatsuya, Japan.<ref name=":0" /> '''17 Nọvemba''' '''Ụmụ nwanyị Na-ahazi Mgbanwe na Ọrụ Ugbo na Nchịkwa Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ (WOCAN)''' Ihe a na-atụle na-aba uru: Ịkpali akpali na Ịtụle Mmetụta Mmekọahụ Maka Ọdịdị na Ndụ Na-adịgide Adịgide W + Standard na-enweta 2016 UNFCCC's Momentum for Change Award; Jeannettee Gurung, Phd, Lee A. West.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-15|title=The W+ Standard Wins the 2016 UNFCCC’s Momentum for Change Award! - WOCAN|url=https://www.wocan.org/the-w-standard-wins-the-2016-unfcccs-momentum-for-change-award/|accessdate=2022-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nkatọ na ihe ndọghachi azụ == Ntinye nke ndị otu lobby fossil fuel nwere ọnọdụ onye na-ekiri, gụnyere World Coal Association, Business Council of Australia, Business Europe, na Business Roundtable, ejirila nkatọ zute.<ref name="slezak-2016"> {{Cite news|author=Slezak|first=Michael|title=Marrakech climate talks: giving the fossil fuel lobby a seat at the table|date=6 November 2016|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/nov/07/marrakech-climate-talks-giving-the-fossil-fuel-lobby-a-seat-at-the-table|accessdate=2016-11-07}}</ref> Ndị nyocha tụrụ aro na nhọpụta [[Donald Trump]] n'afọ 2016 United States Presidential race gbochiri mgbalị na congress n'ihi echiche ya banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. A maghị nguzo ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chomsky|first=Noam|title=Noam Chomsky on the new Trump era|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jB54XxbgI0E|work=Youtube|publisher=Al Jazeera Upfront|accessdate=2 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Victor|first=David|title=How Bad Will Trump Be for Climate Policy?|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602852/how-bad-will-trump-be-for-climate-policy/|accessdate=19 May 2017|publisher=MIT Technology Review|date=14 November 2016}}</ref> Nkatọ ndị ọzọ sitere n'aka ndị mgbasa ozi gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ndị rụrụ ụka na Nzukọ ahụ "dị arọ na nkwupụta okwu na ìhè na ezi ọganihu." A na-ahụ ogbako na Paris afọ gara aga dị ka nke na-enye ntọala maka ọganihu n'ọdịnihu, na ihe omume na-aga nke ọma na Marrakesh kwesiri na-atụgharị nkwa ndị ahụ n'ọrụ. Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gosiri na mba ndị na-emepe emepe anaghị enweta ego zuru oke iji nyere ha aka ime mgbanwe na "mgbanwe ndị na-emelarị n'ihi okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/marrakech-climate-conference-cop-22-campaigners-extreme-disappointment-a7426426.html|title=Climate campaigners are 'extremely disappointed' in the outcome of COP22 summit|date=2016-11-19|work=The Independent|accessdate=2017-02-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 94siuzzcc4bsylwywkxgawd1gj0jhju 0 27228 688139 422311 2026-07-14T22:23:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688139 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Map_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|325x325px| ]] African Economic Community (AEC) bụ [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|nzukọ]] nke steeti African Union na-eguzobe ihe ndabere maka mmepe akụ na ụba n'etiti ọtụtụ steeti Africa. Ebumnobi ekwuru nke nzukọ a gụnyere imepụta mpaghara azụmaahịa n'efu, otu kọstọm, otu ahịa, ụlọ akụ etiti, na otu ego nkịtị (lee African Monetary Union) si otú a guzobe njikọ akụ na ụba na ego. . Ugbu a enwere ọtụtụ mpaghara mpaghara na Africa, nke a makwaara dị ka Regional Economic Communities (RECs), ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ndị otu.RECs mejupụtara isi ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa na, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke agha. Ọtụtụ n'ime REC ndị a mejupụtara "ogidi" nke AEC, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwekwara mkpuchi na ụfọdụ n'ime mba ndị otu ha. N'ihi oke oke a, o yikarịrị ka ụfọdụ steeti nwere ọtụtụ ndị otu ga-emecha pụọ na otu ma ọ bụ karịa REC. Ọtụtụ n'ime ogidi ndị a nwekwara obere ìgwè nwere omenala siri ike na / ma ọ bụ njikọ ego nke ha:   {| | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" ![[Economic Community of Central African States|ECCAS]] |- | bgcolor="lightgreen" |Steeti ntọala (1985): *  Burundi *  Cameroon <sup>CEMAC-99</sup> *  Central African Republic <sup>CEMAC-99</sup> *  Chad <sup>CEMAC-99</sup> *  Congo <sup>CEMAC-99</sup> *  DR Congo *  Equatorial Guinea <sup>CEMAC-99</sup> *  Gabon <sup>CEMAC-99</sup> *  Rwanda <sup>withdrawn 2007<ref name="GlobalDialogue">{{Cite web|title=SADC, COMESA and the EAC: Conflicting regional and trade agendas|publisher=Institute for Global Dialogue|date=October 2008|url=http://www.igd.org.za/publications/occasional-papers/item/download/32|accessdate=7 May 2011|archivedate=1 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101010403/http://www.igd.org.za/publications/occasional-papers/item/download/32}}</ref>-2016<ref name="TheEastAfrican2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda--back-to-Central-Africa-bloc-10-years-on-/2558-3352178-nsmc6b/index.html|title=Rwanda back to Central Africa bloc, 10 years on|first=Ivan R.|author=Mugisha|date=2010-08-20|work=theeastafrican.co.ke|accessdate=2017-10-04}}</ref></sup> *  São Tomé and Príncipe '''O sonyere mgbe e mesịrị:''' * 1999: |- |<small>[[Economic Community of Central African States|CEMAC]]-99: steeti CEMAC site na 1999</small> |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" ![[Intergovernmental Authority on Development|IGAD]] |- | bgcolor="#ffaaaa" valign="top" |Steeti ndị guzobere (1986): *  Djibouti *  Ethiopia *  Kenya *  Somalia *  Sudan *  Uganda '''O sonyere mgbe e mesịrị:''' * 1993: * 2011: |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" !UMA1 |- | bgcolor="#ffaaaa" valign="top" |Steeti ntọala (1989): *  Algeria *  Libya *  Mauritania *  Morocco *  Tunisia |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" !SADC |- | bgcolor="lightgreen" |Steeti ndị guzobere (1980): *  Angola *  Botswana <sup>SACU-70</sup> *  Lesotho <sup>SACU-70</sup> *  Malawi *  Mozambique *  Eswatini <sup>SACU-70</sup> *  Tanzania *  Zambia *  Zimbabwe '''O sonyere mgbe e mesịrị:''' * 1990: <sup>SACU-90</sup> * 1990: South Africa <sup>SACU-70</sup> * 1995: * 1997: * 1997: <sup>wepụrụ 2004-2007</sup> * 2005: |- |{{smalldiv|SACU-70: [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]] state from 1970<br> SACU-90: [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]] state from 1990}} |} |} === Ọganihu === * Nkeji 1: Emechara, naanị ndị otu Arab Maghreb Union na Sahrawi Republic anaghị esonye. Somalia na-esonye, ​​mana enwebeghị mmejuputa ya. * Nzọụkwụ 2: Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla ị ga-enyocha. * Nzọụkwụ nke 3: * Nzọụkwụ 4: Na Machị 2018, mba Afrịka iri anọ na itoolu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta azụmahịa n'efu nke Afrịka na-emeghe ụzọ maka mpaghara azụmahịa n'enweghị ihe mgbochi na kọntinent ahụ. Mpaghara azụmahịa nweere onwe ya malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Julaị 2019, mgbe 22 nkwado gasịrị.<ref name="AfricanBusiness">{{Cite web|url=https://africanbusinessmagazine.com/uncategorised/continental/africa-free-trade-agreement-gets-last-ratification-from-gambia/|title=Africa free trade agreement gets last ratification from Gambia|author=Kede|first=Shoshana|work=[[African Business|AfricanBusinessMagazine.com]]|date=2 April 2019|accessdate=2 April 2019|archivedate=2 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402195443/https://africanbusinessmagazine.com/uncategorised/continental/africa-free-trade-agreement-gets-last-ratification-from-gambia/}}</ref><ref name="AUInt">{{Cite web|date=29 April 2019|title=AfCFTA Agreement secures minimum threshold of 22 ratification as Sierra Leone and the Saharawi Republic deposit instruments|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20190429/afcfta-agreement-secures-minimum-threshold-22-ratification-sierra-leone-and|accessdate=11 August 2020|work=African Union|archivedate=2 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602063054/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20190429/afcfta-agreement-secures-minimum-threshold-22-ratification-sierra-leone-and}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2021, ndị bịanyere aka na 34 aghọwo ndị otu nkwekọrịta ahụ. * Nzọụkwụ 5: Enweghị ọganihu * Nzọụkwụ 6: ọ nweghị ọganihu Ndị isi nke Southern African Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) na East African Community (EAC) mara ọkwa African Free Trade Zone (AFTZ) na Wednesday October 22, 2008. == Hụkwa == == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416122800/http://www.africasia.com/africanbusiness/ab.php?ID=890&back_month=57 Otu ego Afrịka n'oge anyị?] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111030022320/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i0GmLiOhihzyOZ4WZrjTghlGPosQ Ndị isi Afrịka kwenyere na ha ga-eme otu ahịa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415004713/http://www.africa-union.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ African Union] * [http://www.dfa.gov.za/au.nepad/recs.htm Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ South Africa na RECs] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180111210438/http://www.panafricanperspective.com/aec.htm Echiche Pan-Africa] 72chyfs5k2k83nf7cx4jg1x3mqrb1mh 0 27329 688189 656553 2026-07-15T06:13:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688189 wikitext text/x-wiki   Compagnie des bauxites de Kindia (CBK) bụ ụlọ ọrụ Guinean na mpaghara Ngwuputa. Kemgbe 2001, ọ gwupụtala nnukwu ego Kindia Bauxite na Kindia, na [[Guinea]]. Guinea bụ mba nke ise na-emepụta bauxite n'ụwa, mana obodo ahụ nwere oke ọla kacha ukwuu. Atụmatụ dị elu ruru ijeri ijeri 25, ma ọ bụ ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nchekwa ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La Guinée, un grenier à bauxite|url=http://www.journaldunet.com/economie/magazine/matieres-premieres-et-pays/guinee.shtml|language=fr|work=Journaldunet.com}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Wagons_du_train_de_la_société_CBK_(compagnie_de_bauxite_de_Kindia).jpg|thumb|285x285px|Ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke CBK.]] ,<ref>{{Cite web|title="COMPAGNIE DES BAUXITES DE KINDIA" - Tous nos articles - Africa Intelligence|language=fr|url=https://www.africaintelligence.fr/tags/compagnie-des-bauxites-de-kindia|work=Africa Intelligence}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Guinea - CBK, Compagnie des Bauxites de Kindia, Rusal, Concession, 2000, 001|url=https://www.contratsminiersguinee.org/contract/ocds-591adf-9112931197|language=fr|work=Contratsminiersguinee.org|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227201752/https://www.contratsminiersguinee.org/contract/ocds-591adf-9112931197}}.</ref><ref name="RUSAL">{{Cite web|title=Compagnie des Bauxites de Kindia (CBK)|work=rusal.ru|url=https://rusal.ru/en/about/geography/kompaniya-boksitov-kindii/|date=2021}}</ref>Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ikike mmepụta ihe kwa afọ nke 3.5 nde tọn. Ha na-arụ ọrụ n'olulu ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-emeghe ma na-eji ụzọ abụọ bụ isi mmịpụta: ịkụ ala na teknụzụ na-agbawa agbawa, na mmepụta nke obere oyi akwa site na iji igwe na-egwupụta Wirtgen 2200SM. == Akuko ihe mere eme == E guzobere CBK dị ka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị kpamkpam, mana e mechara gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka obere ụgwọ, Société des Bauxites de Kindia. N'afọ 2001, e wegara SBK na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe na Russia RUSAL (Russki Alumina), maka afọ 25, ma kemgbe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka CBK. Ọ na-enye ihe karịrị pasent 65 nke ngụkọta nke bauxite ya na Nikolaev alumina refinery na [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] ebe a na-ebupụ ndị ọzọ na ebe ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ihe dị ka 25% nke RUSALs ngụkọta bauxite.<ref>{{Cite book|series=IMF Staff Country Reports|title=Guinea: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix|author=International Monetary Fund|date=16 January 2008|doi=10.5089/9781451815344.002|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=18832}}</ref><ref name="RUSAL"/> RUSAL nwekwara [[Friguia]] bauxite na aluminum complex site na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ya Alumina Company of Guinea (ACG) Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, tinyere ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-egwupụta ihe na Guinea, akatọọla ya maka mmebi ikike mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rusal is ready to evacuate employees from Guinea in case of further escalation - company|work=tass.com|url=https://tass.com/economy/1334565|date=6 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="umwelt">{{Cite web|title=Fallstudien zu Umwelt- und Sozialauswirkungen der Bauxitgewinnung und – weiterverarbeitung in der Boké und Kindia-Region, Guinea|work=www.umweltbundesamt.de|url=https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/dokumente/umsoress_fallstudie_bauxit_guinea_finale_version.pdf|language=de|author=Rüttinger|first=Lukas|year=2008|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2023-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611000639/https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/dokumente/umsoress_fallstudie_bauxit_guinea_finale_version.pdf}}</ref> E nweela ọtụtụ ọgbaghara na ngagharị iwe megide iwu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. N'afọ 2009, ndị ọrụ mere ngagharị iwe megide ọnọdụ ọrụ na-ezughị oke, ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala, na ọnọdụ ndụ ka njọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala. Na ọzọ n'afọ 2012, ndị ọrụ mere mkpesa na a ga-akwụ ha ụgwọ ọnwa US $ 120. Ha gosipụtara nkwado ha site n'ịga ije n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke ụlọ ọrụ, na-egbochi mbupu ruo n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ndị NGO bịakwara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ maka ịghara ịkwụ ụtụ isi ya.<ref name="umwelt"></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinguiraye et Kindia : les deux préfectures miséreuses malgré leurs ressources !|url=https://aminata.com/dinguiraye-et-kindia-les-deux-prefectures-misereuses-malgre-leurs-ressources/|work=aminata.com|date=24 April 2018|language=fr|accessdate=11 June 2023|archivedate=26 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026075115/https://aminata.com/dinguiraye-et-kindia-les-deux-prefectures-misereuses-malgre-leurs-ressources/}}</ref> == Edensibia ==   88i5shey7qt9lgrui4txn4z22rrhi51 0 27567 688149 672802 2026-07-14T23:01:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Moon Myung-soon (Korean; Hanja:文明順; 18 Ọktoba 1962), onye eji Moon Myoung-soon were marakwa, bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Korea nke bi na Goyang City. == Ọrụ ya == Ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Seoul Girls' Commercial, Moon rụrụ ọrụ na Kookmin Bank ruo afọ iri atọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-04-09|title=4선고지 진보 거물에 두 정치 신예 맹추격|url=http://www.goyang1.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=13854|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=고양일보|language=ko}}</ref> O bu onye isi nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ nke Federation of Korean Trade Unions, National Financial industry labour union (Korean), dị ka osote onye isi oche ya site na afọ 2008 were ruo afọ 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=금융노조·사무금융노조, 김현정 더민주 평택을 후보 ‘지지선언’|url=http://www.youthdaily.co.kr/news/article.html?no=32999|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=www.youthdaily.co.kr|language=ko}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Moon nwere nzere atọ - bachelọ na nchịkwa azụmahịa site na Korea National Open University, LLM site na Mahadum Kyung Hee na masta na akụ na ụba site na Machị Sogang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=[대자보] ˝고양시에서 교통 교육 복지 프로젝트 완성하겠다˝|url=http://m.jabo.co.kr/37940|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=대자보|archivedate=2025-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120053726/http://m.jabo.co.kr/37940}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-03|title=민주당 비례대표 23번 문명순, "저도 엄연한 제주인"|url=http://www.headlinejeju.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=146760|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=헤드라인제주|language=ko}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shin|first=Mitch|date=2020-04-14|title=Korea’s election campaign proceeds despite virus|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/04/koreas-election-campaign-proceeds-despite-virus/|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=Asia Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Na ntuli aka nke 2012, edobere Moon dị ka ọnụọgụ 23 nke ndepụta nnochite anya nke otu ya mana ahọpụtaghị ya. Na ntuli aka nke 2020, Moon gbara ọsọ maka ntuli aka na Goyang City[5] nke Sim Sang-jung nọchiri anya ya site na 2012. N'agbanyeghị na ha bụ olu na olu na ntuli aka echiche, Moon meriri Sim onye, ​​dị ka Moon si kwuo, nwere.  emebeghị ihe ọ bụla maka mpaghara ntuli aka mana ịbụ ọnụ na-ada ụda ma ọ gaghị akwado ime ka ọchịchị Moon Jae-in gaa nke ọma..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Herald|first=The Korea|date=2020-04-16|title=Justice Party leader narrowly retains her seat|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200416000695|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=www.koreaherald.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-04|title=문명순 "'말꾼' 심상정, 8년간 무얼 했는지 묻고 싶다"|url=https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/2020040342477|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=hankyung.com|language=ko|archivedate=2021-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509065244/https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/2020040342477}}</ref> Moon na-arụbu ọrụ maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Moon Jae-in dị ka onye isi oche nke kọmitii pụrụ iche maka Economy Financial na 2012 na Nchedo Ndị Ahịa Ego na 2017. Ọ bụzi onye ndụmọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ ego gọọmentị - Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation na Korea Inclusive Finance Agency - na a.  onye otu pụrụiche nke kọmitii Presidential for Balanced National Development.  Ndị otu pati mara ya nke ọma maka ikele onye bụbu onye ndu pati Moon Jae-in na ọdụ ụgbọ elu International Incheon naanị ya mgbe o si Himalaya lọta Seoul na 2016.[.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[4.15 핫플] 민주당 문명순 "심상정 중앙에만 몰두,,,주민들 실망 커"|url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/04/03/2020040302436.html|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=www.chosun.com|language=ko}}</ref> Site na 2019 Moon rụrụ ọrụ dị ka otu onye osote onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Atụmatụ amụma nke Democratic Party yana onye otu ndị ọrụ nkwụsi ike ego nke kọmitii COVID-19 ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=문명순 :: 네이버 인물검색|url=https://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&query=%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85%EC%88%9C&sm=tab_etc&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService&os=315066|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=people.search.naver.com}}</ref> == Akụkọ ntuli aka == == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mj0au4jttxctldj8g4k519hcxug99oy 0 28208 688198 165496 2026-07-15T06:58:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688198 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ụra Simba (nke a makwaara dị ka '''Simba''') bụ otu ndị Britain na-eme ihe nkiri n'ịntanetị nke e guzobere na 2015. Ọ na-emepụta ndị na eme ìhè ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime ụmụ ndị ikom abụọ ahụ ma na-ere matarasị, ihe ndina na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ehi ụra n'ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere UK, Canada na China.<ref>{{Cite news|title=London-based mattress startup Simba Sleep that produces most advanced mattresses in the world bags €21.5M|url=https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/london-based-mattress-startup-simba-bags-e21-5m/|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=Silicon Canals|date=6 January 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> Njikọ mkpọsa Simba gụnyere John Lewis na Argos na UK na ụlọ ahịa Sleep Country na Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Butler|first=Sarah|date=23 March 2018|title=Sleepy world of retail mattress sales gets rude awakening|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/23/sleepy-world-of-retail-mattress-sales-gets-rude-awakening|accessdate=24 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Simba agrees Canadian distribution deal|url=https://www.furniturenews.net/news/articles/2018/06/241300227-simba-agrees-canadian-distribution-deal|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=www.furniturenews.net|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ura Simba bụ nke Steve Reid, James Cox na ezinụlọ McClements guzobere na 2015 na UK.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Simba Sleep's founders raised £58 million {{!}} Gentleman's Journal|url=https://www.thegentlemansjournal.com/article/how-simba-sleeps-founders-raised-58-million/|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=The Gentleman's Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2016|title=This British mattress start-up has just raised £5m|url=https://londonlovesbusiness.com/this-british-mattress-start-up-has-just-raised-5m/|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=Londonlovesbusiness.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> Cox tụrụ arọ abua zuru ihe nọr ka ébé ihe aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ihi na ọ bụ aha anụ ụlọ o ji mee ihe maka onye mmekọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 June 2016|title=Simba Sleep's James Cox talks firmness, pet names and the importance of conical springs in mattresses|url=https://www.cityam.com/simba-sleeps-james-cox-talks-firmness-pet-names-and-the-importance-of-conical-springs-in-mattresses/|accessdate=5 November 2020|work=CityAM|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'ime afọ mbụ nke mmalite ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ụra Simba rere matarasị ngwakọta mbụ ya na UK. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara matarasị ahụ mgbe ọ nyochachara data profaịlụ ahụ site na nde mmadụ iri gburugburu ụwa, na njikọ aka na ụra na Live Institute, ma rụpụta ya na ụlọ nzukọ ndị juu ọchịchị nke ga esi na ahọrọ ihe ọrụ na Derby, England.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 August 2016|title=Wake up call: Simba Sleep is the hybrid mattress changing the way we sleep|url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design/simba-the-hybrid-mattress-chainging-the-market-and-the-way-we-sleep|accessdate=24 October 2020|work=Wallpaper*}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Manning|first=Ellen|date=13 November 2018|title=Sleep sells: how mattress companies woke up to the science of slumber|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business-to-business/2018/nov/13/sleep-sells-how-mattress-companies-woke-up-to-the-science-of-slumber|accessdate=24 October 2020}}</ref> Na Machị 2016, Simba nwetara £ 1 nde na ego site n'aka ndị na-etinye ego gụnyere Sir John Hegarty, yana Richard Reed, onye guzobere Innocent Drinks, na Tom Teichman.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Loizou|first=Kiki|title=Mattress maker rouses investors|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mattress-maker-rouses-investors-investors-buy-into-start-ups-dream-ll3d5lkzd|accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref> Usoro itinye ego mbụ nke Simba sochiri site na mmụba nke £ 5 nde n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016, ka ndị na-etinye ego na-achọ ịkwado uto mba ofesi nke ụdị dị ka France na Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Quinn|first=James|date=12 October 2016|title=Mattress start-up Simba wins firm support in £5m funding|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/10/12/mattress-start-up-simba-wins-firm-support-in-5m-funding/|accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ natara £ 9 nde ọzọ na Febụwarị 2017, tupu ọ kpughee £ 40 nde ọzọ na Nọvemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Quinn|first=James|date=12 February 2017|title=Mattress retailer Simba Sleep raises £9m from raft of new City investors including husband of Heineken heir|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/02/12/mattress-retailer-simba-sleep-raises-9m-raft-new-city-investors/|accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2017|title=The mattress startup battle's heating up in the UK as Simba gets in bed with top City investors|url=https://www.cityam.com/mattress-startup-battles-heating-up-uk-simba-gets-bed-top/|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=CityAM|language=en-GB}}</ref> Usoro B nke ụlọ ọrụ Atami Capital duziri ma tinye ndị nkwado, dị ka Nigel Wray, onyeisi oche nke klọb rugby union nke Saracens, na ụlọ akụ onwe onye nke Switzerland Lombard Odier.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Peter|title=Cash under the mattress at Simba Sleep|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cash-under-the-mattress-at-simba-sleep-5cmm858hd|accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Online mattress startup Simba closes £40 million investment round|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/simba-sleep-40-million-investment-round-2017-12|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=markets.businessinsider.com|language=en-us|archivedate=31 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231004030/http://uk.businessinsider.com/simba-sleep-40-million-investment-round-2017-12}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Simba goro onye Real Madrid na Wales na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa Gareth Bale ka ọ duzie mkpọsa nkwalite, nke gụnyere mmepe nke oche ụgbọelu e mere iji mee ka ụra dịkwuo elu.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Deirdre|author=Hipwell|title=Bale is role model for the laid back|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/easy-new-role-for-footballer-zj39t29kl|accessdate=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The aeroplane seat helping Gareth Bale get to sleep|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/performance/training/aeroplane-seat-helping-gareth-bale-get-sleep|accessdate=26 October 2020|work=fourfourtwo.com|date=11 April 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=This Mattress Company May Have Designed the Most Comfortable Airplane Seat Ever|url=https://fortune.com/2017/04/21/airplane-seat-memory-foam-simba-sleep/|accessdate=30 October 2020|work=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> Onye ọchụnta ego Britain bụ Allan Leighton nọchiri Tom Teichman ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Simba Sleep n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2018, ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke The Co-operative Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Allan Leslie Leighton, Simba Sleep Ltd: Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/1529494|accessdate=26 October 2020|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Gill|first=Oliver|date=13 August 2018|title=Ex-Asda boss Leighton aims to deliver Simba bounce|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/08/12/ex-asda-boss-leighton-aims-deliver-simba-bounce/|accessdate=26 October 2020}}</ref> Mgbe ya na Gareth Bale rụchara ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpọrọ onye egwuregwu rugby England Maro Itoje na July 2019 dị ka kpakpando nke mkpọsa ahịa UK ya na-esote, nke gụnyere mmalite nke ngwa na-enyocha usoro ụra.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2019|title=Simba launches 'national sleep campaign' with rugby star Maro Itoje|url=https://www.prolificlondon.co.uk/marketing-tech-news/campaign-news/2019/07/simba-launches-national-sleep-campaign-rugby-star-maro|accessdate=5 November 2020|work=Prolific London|language=en|archivedate=29 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929063431/https://www.prolificlondon.co.uk/marketing-tech-news/campaign-news/2019/07/simba-launches-national-sleep-campaign-rugby-star-maro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 August 2019|title=Can Simba's new app improve your sleep? We put it to the test|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/tech/sleep-tech-simba-sleep-app-tryfor8-a4213696.html|accessdate=5 November 2020|work=Evening Standard|language=en}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 2020, Simba malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mba itoolu gafee Europe, Eshia, na North America ma nweta nde $ 24 ọzọ na itinye ego site na ụlọ ọrụ America Cartesian Capital.<ref>{{Cite web|title=London-based mattress startup Simba Sleep that produces most advanced mattresses in the world bags €21.5M|url=https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/london-based-mattress-startup-simba-bags-e21-5m/|accessdate=24 October 2020|work=Silicon Canals|date=6 January 2020|language=en-US|archivedate=26 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026111018/https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/london-based-mattress-startup-simba-bags-e21-5m/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 January 2020|title=Simba raises $24m agreement with Cartesian Capital Group|url=https://www.uktech.news/guest-posts/funding/simba-raises-24m-agreement-with-cartesian-capital-group-20200103|accessdate=23 October 2020|work=UKTN (UK Tech News)|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Hurley|first=James|title=Simba Sleep bundles up US deal to fund global growth|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/simba-sleep-bundles-up-us-deal-to-fund-global-growth-ztzgxh5nd|accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref> == Ngwaahịa == Matarasị nke ụra Simba nwere okpukpu ise nke ụfụfụ na isi iyi 2,500, nke na-enye ohere ka a fụchie ya n'ime abụọ ma tinye ya na igbe katọn.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Margolis|first=Jonathan|date=16 October 2020|title=Mattress wars: rude awakening for a sleepy market|url=https://www.ft.com/content/85c7e526-8179-11e6-bc52-0c7211ef3198|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=24 October 2020|work=Financial Times}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019, ụra Simba wepụtara ụdị dị elu nke matarasị ngwakọta ya, nke nwere isi iyi 5,000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simba Hybrid Pro Mattresses|url=https://www.which.co.uk/reviews/mattresses/simba-hybrid-pro|accessdate=5 November 2020|work=Which?|language=en|archivedate=30 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030233138/https://www.which.co.uk/reviews/mattresses/simba-hybrid-pro}}</ref> Simba weputara duvet nwere Outlast, teknụzụ nke e mepụtara maka NASA iji chebe ndị na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe site na mgbanwe okpomọkụ n'oge nyocha mbara igwe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emeela ụdị nke ya nke teknụzụ ahụ, nke a maara dị ka Stratos, nke ọ na-eji na duvets na pillows ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rear|first=Jack|date=21 December 2018|title=The best pillows for a luxurious night's sleep|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/recommended/home/best-pillows-luxurious-nights-sleep/|accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Walden|first=Lisa|date=14 May 2019|title=Simba unveils new hybrid pillow and duvet inspired by space suits|url=https://www.housebeautiful.com/uk/lifestyle/shopping/a27451768/simba-hybrid-pillow-duvet-strato/|accessdate=11 November 2020|work=House Beautiful|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> i3b56bag0rxe8uuqw9cri8f0h2tfq1v 0 28801 688187 143965 2026-07-15T05:20:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688187 wikitext text/x-wiki     European Forest Institute Formation 1993 as a NGO and 2005 as an international organization Headquarters Joensuu, Finland Membership 30 member states EFI Director Marc Palahí Website efi.int European Forest Institute (EFI) bụ nzukọ mba ụwa nke mba Europe guzobere. Ọ nwere mba 30 so na ya, na c. 130 otu ndị otu si mba 40 na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba nyocha dị iche iche. EFI na-enye ihe ọmụma metụtara ọhịa gburugburu isiokwu atọ jikọtara ọnụ na interdisciplinary: [https://web.archive.org/web/20180215063736/http://www.efi.int/portal/research/bioeconomy bioeconomy], resilience na [https://web.archive.org/web/20230814002731/https://efi.int/governance ọchịchị]. == Nhazi == [[Usòrò:EFI_Headquarters.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb]] === Ebe na ndị ọrụ === Isi ụlọ ọrụ EFI dị na Joensuu, Finland, ma nwee ọfịs na Barcelona, Bonn na Brussels yana ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara Eshia na Malaysia. Ọ na-ewe ndị ọrụ karịrị 100 ndị ọkachamara. === Ndị otu mba === Nkwekọrịta maka European Forest Institute ejirila ngụkọta nke mba Europe 30 kwado site n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2022, ya bụ Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine na United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.efi.int/portal/about_efi/organisation/country_members___council/ |title=List of EFI Country members |accessdate=2023-08-14 |archivedate=2017-08-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811182048/http://www.efi.int/portal/about_efi/organisation/country_members___council/ }}</ref> Mba ndị a nwere oche n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kachasị elu na-eme mkpebi na nzukọ EFI, kansụl. === Ndị mmekọ na ndị mmekọ === EFI nwere ihe dịka otu ndị otu 130 sitere na mba 40. Uru nke ndị mmekọ na ndị mmekọ gụnyere ikike ịtụ vootu maka mkpebi dị mkpa, ịnweta netwọk EFI, akụkọ na ọkwa metụtara nyocha ọhịa Europe, ọhụụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ EFI, na ohere ịnata akwụkwọ EFI na ibipụta ọkwa na ọwa EFI dị iche iche. == Ihe omume == EFI na-eme [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002193509/http://www2.efi.int/portal/research/ nnyocha] ma na-enye nkwado iwu na nsogbu metụtara ọhịa. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma na-akpali netwọk metụtara ọhịa yana ịkwalite nnyefe nke ozi na-enweghị ntụpọ na iwu gbasara ọhịa na ọhịa. Ọ na-akwadokwa maka nyocha ọhịa na maka ozi sayensị dị mma dị ka ihe ndabere maka ime iwu na ọhịa. EFI na-eme nke ọma n'ịrụ ọrụ na ọkwa Europe, ma nwee ihe ndekọ nke ihe karịrị [https://web.archive.org/web/20180311065833/http://www.efi.int/portal/research/projects ọrụ] 30 emere maka European Commission DGs n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga. EFI na-ekwusi ike na usoro dị iche iche na nyocha na mmepe ya. Ya mere, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ dị mma iji nwee ohere dị irè maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpuchi mpaghara niile nke Europe. Ọrụ na ngalaba nkwado iwu gụnyere nkwado ka mma maka ndị na-eme mkpebi na ndị na-emepụta iwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nzukọ dị elu na oké ọhịa, ThinkForest, na-ejikọta ndị na-eme iwu dị elu na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002193646/http://www2.efi.int/portal/policy_advice/thinkforest/ ọhịa] Europe na-eduga iji mepụta mkparịta ụka sayensị na iwu gbasara nsogbu metụtara oké ọhịa. EFI na-aghọ ngwa ngwa ikpo okwu na-eduga na iwu sayensị na-enye ihe ọmụma metụtara ọhịa iji wuo ọdịnihu na-adịgide adịgide: ijikọ ihe ọmụma na omume. EFI nwekwara ọtụtụ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230814002729/https://efi.int/facilities ụlọ ọrụ], nke na-ewulite na ihe ọmụma nyocha ma na-ekwu maka iwu ụfọdụ, isiokwu na ọrụ site na iwulite ikike, netwọk na inye nka dabere na ọchịchọ. == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.efi.int/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ EFI] == Ihe odide == <references /> qa3ba2mbanek3sskulu880okclgckhj 0 29032 688124 594792 2026-07-14T21:52:04Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Mirador Reserva Natural El Imposible.JPG|thumb|El Imposible National Park]]     El Imposible National Park IUCN category II (national park) Lookout in the national park Location of El Imposible in El Salvador Location Ahuachapán Department, El Salvador Coordinates 13°50′30″N 89°57′27″W / 13.84167°N 89.95750°W Area 38.20 km2 (14.75 sq mi) Established 1 January 1989 Ogige Ntụrụndụ El Imposible (Spanish: Parque Nacional El Imposible) bụ oké ọhịa na-ekpo ọkụ na '''ogige ntụrụndụ''' mba dị na El Salvador. E guzobere ya na 1 Jenụwarị 1989 ma kpuchie mpaghara nke 38.20 square kilomita. Ọ pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "Ogige Ntụrụndụ Na-agaghị ekwe omume" n'asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]. O nwere ịdị elu nke dị n'etiti mita 250 na 1,425 . A na-akpọ El Imposible maka ndagwurugwu dị ize ndụ nke na-egbu ndị ọrụ ugbo na ịnyịnya ibu na-ebute kọfị gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Pacific. El Imposible dị na Apaneca Ilamatepec Mountain Range n'etiti 300m na 1450m n'elu oke osimiri, ma gụnye osimiri asatọ nke na-enye mmiri maka Barra de Santiago na ọhịa mangrove dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ka bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dị iche iche, gụnyere pumas, oncilla, anụ ọhịa, eze hawks na ugo ojii. A na-ahụ [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Oké Osimiri Pacific]] site n'ebe dị elu n'oké ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/el-salvador/western-el-salvador/parque-nacional-el-imposible|title=Western El Salvador travel}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, e tinyere El Imposible na UNESCO World Heritage Tentative Lists, tinyere Cara Sucia.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|title=Cara Sucia / El Imposible|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/207/|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=23 February 2010}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210427013020/http://www.imposibletours.com/ Njem Ndị Na-agaghị Aga Ike] * [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/el-salvador/western-el-salvador/parque-nacional-el-imposible Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba El Imposible] q2b8khm2859ilm9gz3tsytvno83ew2v 0 29195 688204 515792 2026-07-15T09:17:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AGRIS''' (International System for Agricultural Science and Technology) bụ nchekwa data ọha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nwere ihe karịrị nde iri na abụọ ahaziri akwụkwọ ndekọ ahaziri na sayensị na teknụzụ ugbo. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 1975 na nchekwa data bụ Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development na-enye ọdịnaya ya site na ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ 150 na-esonye na mba 65. Usoro nyocha AGRIS, na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị nchọpụta na ụmụ akwụkwọ ohere ịme nyocha ọkaibe site na iji mkpụrụokwu sitere na thesaurus AGROVOC, aha akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ bụ aha obodo, ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ode akwụkwọ. == Afọ ndị mbụ nke AGRIS == [[Usòrò:FAO_Commemorative_1984_Ten_Years_of_AGRIS_Bronze_Obverse.jpg|thumb|FAO Ncheta 1984 Afọ Iri nke AGRIS Bronze Obverse]] Ka njikwa ozi na-aga nke ọma na 1970s, e mepụtara AGRIS metadata corpus iji nye ndị ọrụ ya ohere ịnweta ihe ọmụma dị na sayensị na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo n'efu. E mepụtara AGRIS ka ọ bụrụ usoro mmekorita mba ụwa iji jeere mba ndị mepere emepe na ndị na-emepe emepe ozi. Site na ọbịbịa nke ịntanetị, yana nkwa ndị e nyere site na mbipụta na-emeghe ohere, a na-amatawanye na njikwa nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ nke ugbo, ga-enwe akụkụ dị iche iche: ụkpụrụ na usoro maka imekọrịta ihe na ịkwado mgbanwe ihe ọmụma; ngwaọrụ iji mee ka ndị ọkachamara njikwa ozi nwee ike hazie data; ozi na mgbanwe ọmụma gafee mba. Otu a ka anakwere ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mmejuputa ya, wee mepụta metadata AGRIS AP iji kwe ka mgbanwe na iweghachite akụrụngwa ozi ugbo. == AGRIS 2.0 == [[Usòrò:FAO_Commemorative_1994_Twenty_Years_of_AGRIS_Bronze_Obverse.jpg|thumb|FAO Ncheta 1994 Afọ Iri Abụọ nke AGRIS Bronze Obverse]] AGRIS na-ekpuchi isiokwu dịgasị iche iche metụtara sayensị na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo, gụnyere oke ọhịa, ịzụ anụmanụ, sayensị mmiri na azụ azụ, nri mmadụ, na ndọtị. Ọdịnaya ya gụnyere akwụkwọ agba ntụ pụrụ iche dị ka akụkọ sayensị na nka na-ebipụtaghị, akụkọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ ọgbakọ, akwụkwọ gọọmentị, na ndị ọzọ. Ọnụọgụ na-eto eto (ihe dị ka 20%) nke ndekọ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nwere akwụkwọ ederede kwekọrọ na webụ nke Google nwere ike weghachite ngwa ngwa. Na 5 Disemba 2013 a tọhapụrụ AGRIS 2.0. AGRIS 2.0 bụ n'otu oge ahụ: # Njikọ njikọ aka nke ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ 150 sitere na mba 65, nke FAO nke UN na-elekọta, na-akwalite ịnweta ozi ugbo n'efu. # Ihe nchekwa data nke ọtụtụ asụsụ maka sayensị ọrụ ugbo, nke netwọk AGRIS kwadoro, nwere ihe karịrị nde ndekọ 8 nke ejiri AGROVOC, thesaurus nke FAO na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche na-ekpuchi mpaghara niile nke FAO, gụnyere nri, nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrụ ugbo. # Ngwa weebụ mash-up nke na-ejikọta ihe ọmụma AGRIS bibliographic na ihe ndị metụtara ya na weebụ site na iji usoro Linked Open Data. Peeji AGRIS mashup (dịka <nowiki>http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=QM2008000025</nowiki>) bụ ibe weebụ ebe a na-egosipụta ihe enyemaka AGRIS na ihe ọmụma dị mkpa sitere na isi mmalite data mpụga (dị ka World Bank, DBPedia, na Nature). Ịdị adị nke isi mmalite data mpụga adịghị n'okpuru nchịkwa AGRIS. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na isi iyi data mpụga bụ nke a na-apụghị iru eru nwa oge, a gaghị egosi ya na ibe AGRIS mashup. A na-enye ohere ịbanye na AGRIS Repository site na AGRIS Search Engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agris.fao.org/|title=agris.fao.org|publisher=agris.fao.org|date=|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ọ: # na-enyere aka ịchọta ihe ndekọ bibliographic dị na AGRIS Repository. # na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịme ma ederede zuru ezu ma ọ bụ nyocha, parametric na nke enyere aka. A gbanwere data AGRIS ka ọ bụrụ RDF na data jikọtara ya mepụtara ihe dị ka nde okpukpu atọ 200. A na-edebanye aha AGRIS na Data Hub na [https://archive.today/20130416011901/http://thedatahub.org/dataset/agris] Ndị mmekọ AGRIS na-enye aka na AGRIS Database na-eji ọtụtụ usoro maka mgbanwe data, gụnyere DC dị mfe, site na usoro OAI-PMH. A na-anabata usoro AGRIS AP ozugbo site na: # Ndị mmekọ Open Archive Initiative (OAI): Scielo, Viikki Science Library # BIBSYS, [[Norway]], National Library of Portugal, Wageningen UR Library. # ''Netwọk mba'': NARIMS na Egypt, [[PhilAgriNet]] na Philippines, [[KAINet]] na [[Kenya]], NAC na Thailand, GAINS na [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arc.sci.eg/ |title=arc.sci.eg |accessdate=2023-08-17 |archivedate=2011-07-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720131527/http://www.arc.sci.eg/ }}</ref> # ''Ebe nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ mba'': Russia, [[Belarus]], [[Uruguay]], Spain, Iran. # ''Ndị na-enye ozi'': Wolters Kluwer, [[National Information Services Corporation|NISC]], CGIR, CGIAR, AgNIC, GFIS. # ''Usoro'' data / ngwá ọrụ: AgriOceanDspace, NewGenlib, WebAGRIS, NERAKIN, AgriDrupal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aims.fao.org/agriocean-dspace|title=AgriOcean DSpace &#124; Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS)|publisher=Aims.fao.org|date=|accessdate=2013-07-09|archivedate=2012-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613171532/http://aims.fao.org/agriocean-dspace}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aims.fao.org/tools/agridrupal|title=AgriDrupal &#124; Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS)|publisher=Aims.fao.org|date=|accessdate=2013-07-09|archivedate=2011-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020113354/http://aims.fao.org/tools/agridrupal}}</ref> === AGRIS n'okpuru nche anwụ CIARD === N'ịda n'okpuru nchebe nke CIARD, atụmatụ jikọrọ aka nke CGIAR, GFAR na [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] na-eduzi, AGRIS ọhụrụ ahụ na-ezube ịkwalite ịkekọrịta na njikwa nke ozi sayensị na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo site na iji ụkpụrụ na usoro nkịtị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ciard.net|title=What is CIARD? &#124; Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development|publisher=Ciard.net|accessdate=2013-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725223232/http://www.ciard.net/|archivedate=25 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Rijsberman|first=Frank|url=http://www.cgiar.org|title=CGIAR Home|publisher=Cgiar.org|date=2013-07-04|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egfar.org|title=EGFAR web Site|publisher=Egfar.org|date=|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> Ndị a ga-etinye atụmatụ Web 2.0, iji mee ka ahụmịhe ọchụchọ dị ka ihe zuru oke, ihe omimi na ihe dị anya dị ka o kwere mee maka ndị ọrụ AGRIS ọhụrụ. Ọzọkwa, AGRIS ọhụrụ ahụ ga-ejikwa data na akụrụngwa nke otu n'ime ọrụ CIARD: CIARD RING. Akara na-anọchite anya Routemap to Information Nodes and Gateways (RING), ọrụ CIARD RING bụ nke GFAR na-eduzi ma na-ezube: * nye nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọrụ ozi dị ugbu a na ARD; yana * kwado ndị chọrọ itinye ọrụ ọhụrụ n'ọrụ. Ndepụta nke ọrụ ozi ARD (Agricultural Research for Development) ga-enye ohere nlekota, ịkọwa na ịhazi ọrụ ndị dị ugbu a, ka ọ na-atụle ha na njirimara mmekọrịta, iji hụ na ọ ga-abụ na ọ gafere na nnweta zuru ụwa ọnụ. == Hụkwa == * [[Ụkpụrụ njikwa ozi ugbo|Ụkpụrụ Nchịkwa Ozi Ọrụ Ugbo]] * [[AgMES]] * [[Ụkpụrụ njikwa ozi ugbo|Ọrụ Ontology nke Ọrụ Ugbo]] * AGROVOC * Nchịkwa ozi * [[IMARK]] * Ebe a na-edebe ihe n'ihe gbasara ịdọ aka ná ntị * Ndepụta nke nchekwa data agụmakwụkwọ na engines ọchụchọ == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ == * [http://f1000research.com/articles/4-432/v2 Nchọpụta, Indexing na Interlinking Information Resources (F1000research 2015)] * [http://f1000research.com/articles/4-110/v1 AGRIS: inye ohere ịnweta data nyocha ọrụ ugbo na-eji data mepere emepe na web (F1000research 2015)] * Nchịkọta data bibliographic na Semantic Web: The AGRIS case (Semantic Web journal 2013) [nkwekọrịta nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140908155657/http://eprints.rclis.org/21112/1/2013_EFITA%20Pushing_Pulling.pdf Ịchụ, Ịdọrọ, Ịchụ Owuwe Ihe, Ịjikọ - Ịtụgharị uche n'Ọrụ Akwụkwọ maka Weebụ Semantic (EFITA-2013)] * Ozi Ọrụ Ugbo na Nchịkwa Ihe Ọmụma E debere na Wayback Machine * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae909e/ae909e00.htm Profaịlụ ngwa AGRIS maka International Information System on Agricultural Sciences and Technology Guidelines on Best Practices for Information Object Description] * [https://archive.today/20130414163237/http://www.fao.org/kce/consultations/coaim/coaim-2000/en/ Nkwurịta okwu gbasara Nchịkwa Ọrụ Ugbo (COAIM)] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/x7936e/x7936e00.htm Nkwurịta okwu Mbụ na Nchịkwa Ozi Ọrụ Ugbo (2000 COAIM Report)] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/005/y7963e/Y7963e00.htm#Top Akụkọ banyere ndụmọdụ nke abụọ gbasara Nchịkwa Ozi Ọrụ Ugbo (2002 COAIM Report)] * [http://departments.agri.huji.ac.il/economics/gelb-agris-10.pdf#AGRIS 1968-1994: Nkọwa na Ihe Nkụzi] == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://agris.fao.org '''AGRIS'''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140908175824/http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/agrisMap.do Map netwọk AGRIS] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140908154850/http://agrovoc.fao.org/axis/services/SKOSWS?wsdl Ọrụ weebụ AGROVOC] * [http://aims.fao.org/ Ụkpụrụ Nchịkwa Ozi Ọrụ Ugbo (AIMS)] * [http://www.fao.org Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130725223232/http://www.ciard.net/ Nkwekọrịta na Ozi maka Nnyocha Ọrụ Ugbo maka Mmepe (CIARD) Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wed] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060507203330/http://www.fao.org/nems/rss/rss_nems_results.asp?owner=615&status=10&dateto=31/12/2006&lang=en&sites=1 Ihe omume RSS] 4mtc20vknzm38t82h80os1wc7q2ykzf 0 29612 688083 656055 2026-07-14T15:50:50Z NicoScribe 7645 Wepu mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/147615|147615]] nke [[Special:Contributions/112.201.163.81|112.201.163.81]] ([[User talk:112.201.163.81|talk]]) cross-wiki vandalism 688083 wikitext text/x-wiki     Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines Kalihim ng Kapaligiran at Likas na Yaman Official seal of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Incumbent Maria Antonia Yulo-Loyzaga since July 12, 2022 Style Mister/Madam Secretary (informal) The Honorable (formal) Member of The Cabinet Reports to The President Seat Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City Appointer The President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments Term length No fixed term Inaugural holder Galicano Apacible Formation January 1, 1917 Website denr.gov.ph {{Databox}}'''Odeakwụkwọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi na''' akụrụngwa (Filipino: ''Kalihim ng Kapaligiran na Likas na Yaman'') bụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Akụrụngwa nke Philippines. == Ndepụta == {{smalldiv|'''Notes:''' * ''(*) Acting Capacity'' * ''(**) Ad Interim'' *{{note label|vp|A|A}}in concurrent capacity as Vice President}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|3}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.denr.gov.ph/about-us/history.html DENR - Akụkọ ihe mere eme] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130103041152/http://www.da.gov.ph/index.php/2012-03-27-12-02-11/2012-03-27-13-25-13 Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo: 'DA Mgbe ahụ na Ugbu a'] 3bj8eav5iz6r8egrppuzqeq1jjmgxrj 0 29680 688169 150729 2026-07-15T02:43:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Shireen Grace Chambers''' MBE <small>FICFor</small> (amụrụ na 21 Febụwarị 1962) bụ onye Britain na-elekọta ọhịa na onye isi nchịkwa nke Institute of Chartered Foresters. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Tree Aid Board of Trustees. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Chambers gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara ọhịa na sayensị ala na Mahadum Bangor ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1985. Ọ kwagara Bahamas, ebe o nyere aka guzobe ngalaba ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.efi.int/membership/ac/2019/speakers|title=2019 Annual Conference Speakers {{!}} European Forest Institute|work=www.efi.int|accessdate=2019-11-11|archivedate=2019-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230300/https://www.efi.int/membership/ac/2019/speakers}}</ref> Ọ laghachiri na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na 1991, mgbe ọ sonyeere Central Scotland Forest Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.ed.ac.uk/careersinformed/5-tips-for-future-foresters/|title=5 Tips for Future Foresters – Inform.ed|date=21 March 2016|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> == Ọrụ == A họpụtara Chambers dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Institute of Chartered Foresters n'afọ 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charteredforesters.org/about-us/our-people/team/|title=Meet Our Team|work=Institute of Chartered Foresters|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> E mere ya Fellow nke Institute of Chartered Foresters na 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hortweek.com/shireen-chambers-nick-mottram-fellows-institute-chartered-foresters/arboriculture/article/1133134|title=Shireen Chambers and Nick Mottram, Fellows of the Institute of Chartered Foresters|date=May 25, 2012|work=www.hortweek.com|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> E nyere ya onyinye nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum Bangor n'afọ 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangor.ac.uk/news/archive/bangor-university-honours-awarded-during-graduation-week-23347|title=Bangor University Honours Awarded during Graduation Week – News and Events, Bangor University|work=www.bangor.ac.uk|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> Chambers akọwapụtara otu osisi nwere ike isi nyere aka kwado ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide, nke nwere obere carbon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.obantimes.co.uk/2019/05/10/foresters-can-help-deliver-low-carbon-farming/|title=Foresters can help deliver low-carbon farming|date=2019-05-10|work=The Oban Times|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www3.open.ac.uk/media/fullstory.aspx?id=28170|title=OU academic recognised for 'pivotal' role in sustainable forestry development|work=www3.open.ac.uk|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> O kwuru banyere mkpa ọ dị ọha na eze ịmara banyere mmebi nke nje na ọrịa ndị si mba ọzọ nwere ike ịkpata n'ọhịa UK. N'afọ 2017, e mere Chambers onye isi oche nke Board of Trustees of Tree Aid. N'ikike ya dị ka onye isi oche ọ gara [[Burkina Faso]] iji ghọta mmetụta osisi na obodo ime obodo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treeaid.org.uk/2018/chair-shireen-updates-us-burkina-faso/|title=Our Chair, Shireen, updates us from Burkina Faso|author=Airey|first=Sally|date=2018-02-12|work=TREE AID|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-11|archivedate=2019-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230249/https://www.treeaid.org.uk/2018/chair-shireen-updates-us-burkina-faso/}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye oge ya na Burkina Faso kpaliri, Chambers eguzobewo mmepe ala kpọrọ nkụ na United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treeaid.org.uk/2019/tree-aid-chair-shireen-chambers-awarded-mbe-in-queens-birthday-honours/|title=TREE AID Chair, Shireen Chambers, awarded MBE in Queen's Birthday Honours|author=Airey|first=Sally|date=2019-06-11|work=TREE AID|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-11|archivedate=2019-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230247/https://www.treeaid.org.uk/2019/tree-aid-chair-shireen-chambers-awarded-mbe-in-queens-birthday-honours/}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu Forestry Strategy Reference Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-forestry-strategy-20192029-report-consultation-process-undertaken/pages/5/|title=Scotland's Forestry Strategy 2019-2029: consultation process - gov.scot|work=www.gov.scot|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> Chambers arụwo ọrụ iji melite nnọchiteanya ụmụ nwanyị na ọrụ ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forestryscotland.com/news,-resources-and-publications/news/funding-for-women-in-forestry|title=Scottish Forest and Timber Technologies - Welcome|work=www.forestryscotland.com|accessdate=2019-11-11|archivedate=2019-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230249/http://www.forestryscotland.com/news,-resources-and-publications/news/funding-for-women-in-forestry}}</ref> Ọ malitere mkpọsa Institute of Chartered Foresters "#ILookLikeAForester" na Machị 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-oban-times/20190321/282046213434274|title=Woman Foresters Urged to Promote the Sector|author=|first=|date=|work=The Oban Times|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> E nyere ya onye otu Order of the British Empire (MBE) maka ọrụ maka ọhịa na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hortweek.com/article/1586898|title=Sector recognised in Queen's Birthday Honours List|author=Appleby|first=Matthew|work=www.hortweek.com|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charteredforesters.org/2019/06/icf-executive-director-awarded-mbe-in-queens-birthday-honours-list/|title=ICF Executive Director Awarded MBE in Queen's Birthday Honours List|date=2019-06-10|work=Institute of Chartered Foresters|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-11|archivedate=2019-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230249/https://www.charteredforesters.org/2019/06/icf-executive-director-awarded-mbe-in-queens-birthday-honours-list/}}</ref> N'okpuru idu ndú ya, Institute of Chartered Foresters ejirila okpukpu abụọ mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị otu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forestryjournal.co.uk/news/17746909.awards-and-appointments-at-icf/|title=Awards and appointments at ICF|work=Forestry Journal|date=3 July 2019|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m15buncj9g3htgh2zfdoeh1tppqdv81 0 29754 688128 130995 2026-07-14T21:54:51Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688128 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:CrisisCamp DC - 10888926883.jpg|thumb|Crisis Camp na 2013]] Ogige nsogbu bụ BarCamp nke ndị na-abụ IT, ndị isi akwụkwọ, na ndị mmemme kọmputa na-enyere aka na mbọ nke nnukwu nsogbu dị ka ndị ala ọma jijiji, idei mmiri, ma ọ bụ ifufe na-ahụ anya. Ọrụ ndị nsogbu na-arụ ọrụ na-agụnye ihe ndị maka ndị mụrụ ndị na ndị ikwu furu efu, maapụ nke ebe ndị na-egosi, na ndepụta nke ihe ndị dị mkpa dịka nri na uwe. M ịgbara ndị gara nke nsogbu nsogbu na- isiokwu ndị a na-ama dịka iji njem, iji Intanet eme ihe dị ka nhazi, ihe ndị ọrụ apụ, na mkpa maka ebe ndị ọzọ a na-enweta n' okwu obodo. A na-akọ na akwụkwọ a nwere ikike nke usoro nke na-manyata ọ ALA ma ọ bụ a na-eme aha yana nke iche iche ndị ozi n'oge. A na-akpọkwa usoro a "mgbanwe n nsogbu okwu", nke na-ajụ ihe ngozi otu-size-dabara-ihe niile na-akwado ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ na- Machị okwu ma ọ bụ ibu a kara aka dị ka ndị ọrụ n'onwe ha na-eduzi ihe omume. Mpụta nke EdCamp, nke bụ n'ọnụ onye ọrụ maka ndị, e akpa ya dị ka BarCamp. Mgbe ala ọma jijiji mere na Haiti n'afọ 2010, e na-ama akara mgbochi gburugburu ụwa, mgbe mgbe n'okpuru aha "Crisis Camp Haiti", iji nyere aka na mbọ ahụ. N'ihi ala ọma jijiji na tsunami nke Tōhoku na 2011, a na-ndi ọrụ afọ nke Crisis Commons ma ụmụ akwụkwọ Japan na mahadum US na-hazi nke akwụkwọ ahụ. E mere ogige Crisis mbụ na Washington, DC na June 12-14, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pressroom.rhok.org/press-releases|title=Press Releases - pressroom|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2023-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819201426/http://pressroom.rhok.org/press-releases}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://crisiscommons.org/ CrisisCommons.org] {{Unconference}} 0v2r2hn9kt4hbvdo301m5nczaqjkqyu 0 32141 688163 129195 2026-07-15T00:11:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ndọndȯ Naigeria}} {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist" ! class="sidebar-title" |<div class="adr">[[Politics of Nigeria]]</div> |- ![[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg|125x125px]] |- ! style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid" | |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Constitution of Nigeria|Constitution]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[Human rights in Nigeria|Human rights]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[President of Nigeria|President]] ([[List of heads of state of Nigeria|list]]) *: [[Bola Tinubu]] * [[Vice President of Nigeria|Vice President]] *: [[Kashim Shettima]] * [[Cabinet of Nigeria|Cabinet]] * [[List of Nigerian agencies|Federal Parastatals]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[National Assembly (Nigeria)|Legislature]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * '''[[National Assembly of Nigeria]]''' ---- * '''[[Senate (Nigeria)|Senate]]''' ---- * [[President of the Nigerian Senate|President]] [[Ahmed Lawan]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]]) <br /><br /><br /><br /> * [[Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate|Deputy President]] [[Ovie Omo-Agege]] (APC) * [[Nigerian senators of the 9th National Assembly|(List of members of the Senate)]] ---- * '''[[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|House of Representatives]]''' ---- * [[Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives|Speaker]] [[Femi Gbajabiamila]] (APC) <br /><br /><br /><br /> * Deputy Speaker [[Ahmed Idris Wase]] (APC) * ([[List of members of the House of Representatives of Nigeria, 2019–2023|List of members of the House]]) ---- * '''State delegations''' ---- * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Abia|Abia]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Adamawa|Adamawa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra|Anambra]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bauchi|Bauchi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bayelsa|Bayelsa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Benue|Benue]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Borno|Borno]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River|Cross River]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Delta|Delta]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Edo|Edo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ekiti|Ekiti]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Enugu|Enugu]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Gombe|Gombe]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Imo|Imo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Jigawa|Jigawa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kaduna|Kaduna]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kano|Kano]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Katsina|Katsina]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kebbi|Kebbi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kogi|Kogi]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kwara|Kwara]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Lagos|Lagos]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Nasarawa|Nasarawa]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Niger|Niger]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ogun|Ogun]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ondo|Ondo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Osun|Osun]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Oyo|Oyo]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Plateau|Plateau]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Rivers|Rivers]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Sokoto|Sokoto]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Taraba|Taraba]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Yobe|Yobe]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Zamfara|Zamfara]] * [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from the Federal Capital Territory|FCT]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[Supreme Court of Nigeria|Supreme Court]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Subdivisions of Nigeria|Subdivisions]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * [[States of Nigeria|States]] *: [[List of state governors of Nigeria|State governors]] * [[Local government areas of Nigeria|Local Government Areas]] * [[Lists of villages in Nigeria|Villages]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Elections in Nigeria|Elections]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * Recent elections *: <div class="hlist"> * Presidential: [[2015 Nigerian general election|2015]] * [[2019 Nigerian general election|2019]] * [[2023 Nigerian general election|''2023'']] </div> *: <div class="hlist"> * Parliamentary: [[2015 Nigerian general election|2015]] * [[2019 Nigerian general election|2019]] * [[2023 Nigerian general election|''2023'']] </div> * [[List of political parties in Nigeria|Political parties]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;">[[Foreign relations of Nigeria|Foreign relations]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> * Ministry of Foreign Affairs *: [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nigeria)|Minister]]: [[Geoffrey Onyeama]] ---- * [[List of diplomatic missions of Nigeria|Diplomatic missions of]] / [[List of diplomatic missions in Nigeria|in Nigeria]] ---- * [[Nigerian nationality law|Nationality law]] * [[Nigerian passport|Passport]] * [[Visa requirements for Nigerian citizens|Visa requirements]] * [[Visa policy of Nigeria|Visa policy]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-below" | [[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=flag|border|class=noviewer|32x32px]]&nbsp;[[Portal:Nigeria|Nigeria&#x20;portal]] <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> * [[Outline of political science#Politics by region|Other countries]] </div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Naịjirịa nwere ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentụ Naịjirị ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndị agha na ndị uwe ojii. Ọrụ gọọmentị Naịjirịa Naịjirị Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ bụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba Naịjirịa, na-enwe ọganihu dabere na iru eru na ogo. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, onye isi ọrụ ahụ anọwo na-ewebata usoro iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-emeghachi omume na ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200910261383.html|title=New Service Tenure - Oronsaye, FCSC Boss Clash Over Exams|author=Habeeb I. Pindiga|date=26 October 2009|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=2009-12-21}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Okwu "civil"" sitere na okwu French ochie "civil", nke pụtara "nkwekọrịta na iwu", na kpọmkwem site na okwu Latin "civilis", nke pụtara"nkwekọ na nwa amaala", ebe okwu "ozi" sitere na okwu ochie French "na-eje ozi", nke pụtara ""inyere aka". Ọrụ gọọmentị Naijiria malitere na òtù ndị Britain guzobere n'oge ọchịchị. Ndị Britain Naịjirịa nwetara nnwere onwe zuru oke n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1960 n'okpuru iwu nke nyere gọọmentị omeiwu na oke ọchịchị onwe onye maka mpaghara atọ nke mba ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ, akụkụ dị iche iche amụwo ma mee aro maka mgbanwe nke Ọrụ Obodo, gụnyere Margan Commission nke 1963, Adebo Commission nke 1971 na Udoji Commission nke 1972-74. Nnukwu mgbanwe mere na 1979 na nnabata nke iwu nke e mere ka ọ dị ka nke United States. United States Dotun Philips Panel nke 1985 gbalịrị imezigharị Ọrụ Obodo. Iwu Nhazi Ọrụ Obodo nke 1988 nke General Ibrahim Babangida wepụtara nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nhazi na arụmọrụ nke Ọrụ Obodo. Ibrahim Babangida Akụkọ nke Ayida Panel mechara nye aro iji gbanwee ụfọdụ ihe ọhụrụ gara aga na ịlaghachi na ọrụ gọọmentị dị irè nke afọ ndị gara aga.<ref name="backg"> {{Cite web|url=http://hosf.gov.ng/civil_service_2|title=BACKGROUND TO THE NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE|publisher=Office of the Head of Service of the Federation|accessdate=2009-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912021007/http://www.hosf.gov.ng/civil_service_2|archivedate=2009-09-12}} </ref> Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị anọwo na-agafe mgbanwe na nhazi nke nta nke nta na nke usoro kemgbe Mee 29, 1999 mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọchịchị ndị agha gasịrị.<ref> {{Cite web|url=http://www.victoria.ac.nz/commonwealthseminar/Papers/2003/Alhaji%20Babura%20Nigeria%20-%20Civil%20Service%20Reform.pdf|title=LEADING PUBLIC SERVICE INNOVATION: THE CASE OF THE NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE AND FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION|author=Ali Sani Mahmud BABURA|date=6 March 2003|publisher=Federal Civil Service Commission|accessdate=2009-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031122851/http://www.victoria.ac.nz/commonwealthseminar/Papers/2003/Alhaji%20Babura%20Nigeria%20-%20Civil%20Service%20Reform.pdf|archivedate=31 October 2008}} </ref> Otú ọ dị, a ka na-ewere ọrụ gọọmentị dị ka nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na mgbalị ndị ndị otu mere n'oge gara aga enwechaghị mmetụta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909020539.html|title=New Policy in The Civil Service|date=2 September 2009|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=2009-12-20}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009, Onye isi ọrụ gọọmentị, Stephen Osagiede Oronsaye, tụrụ aro mgbanwe ebe ndị odeakwụkwọ na ndị nduzi ga-anọ n'ọkwa ruo afọ asatọ. Stephen Osagiede Oronsaye Mgbanwe ahụ, nke Onye isi ala Umaru Yar'Adua kwadoro, ga-eme ka nnukwu ezumike nká nke ndị odeakwụkwọ na ndị nduzi, ọtụtụ n'ime ha si n'ebe ugwu. Umaru Yar'Adua<ref name="orons">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/18092009/features2.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130222171416/http://www.tribune.com.ng/18092009/features2.html|archivedate=22 February 2013|title=Ripples of tenure system in the civil service|date=18 Sep 2009|publisher=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2009-12-20}}</ref> Stephen Oronsaye kwuru na ebumnuche ya bụ ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Naijiria bụrụ otu n'ime ndị a haziri nke ọma n'ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/ng1962009.html|date=June 19, 2009|title='Nigerian civil service'll be best in Africa'|author=Atiku S. Sarki|publisher=Daily Triumph|accessdate=2009-12-20|archivedate=2011-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717105046/http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/ng1962009.html}}</ref> Oronsaye lara ezumike nká na Nọvemba 2010 mgbe ọ dị afọ 60 ma Oladapo Afolabi nọchiri ya. Oladapo Afolabi<ref name="Idonor20101116">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/11/jonathan-appoints-afolabi-head-of-service-as-oronsaye-retires/|title=Jonathan appoints Afolabi Head of Service as Oronsaye retires|date=November 16, 2010|journal=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]]|author=Daniel Idonor & Emma Ovuakporie|accessdate=2011-06-01}}</ref> == Mmefu ego == A na-enye echiche nke mmefu ego na mpaghara dị iche iche site na tebụl dị n'okpuru, nke na-egosi mmefu ego nke afọ 2008 maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti, ngalaba na ụlọ ọrụ.<ref> {{Cite web|url=http://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/PDF/2008%20Budget%20Details%20FINAL.xls|title=FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA 2008 BUDGET|publisher=Federal Ministry Of Finance|accessdate=2009-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414204158/http://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/PDF/2008%20Budget%20Details%20FINAL.xls|archivedate=2010-04-14}} </ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:right" !MDA (Ministry, Department or Agency) !Budget (Naira) |- valign="top" |Agriculture & Water Resources |113,673,666,845 |- valign="top" |Auditor-General |2,477,435,789 |- valign="top" |Code of Conduct Bureau |1,126,777,207 |- valign="top" |Commerce and Industry |7,758,202,700 |- valign="top" |Culture & National Orientation |11,655,900,664 |- valign="top" |Defense |151,940,617,034 |- valign="top" |Education |210,444,818,579 |- valign="top" |Energy |139,783,534,336 |- valign="top" |Environment, Housing and Urban Development |15,915,443,907 |- valign="top" |Federal Capital Territory |37,958,110,000 |- valign="top" |[http://federalcharacter.gov.ng Federal Character Commission] |2,366,945,741 |- valign="top" |Federal Civil Service Commission |925,690,890 |- valign="top" |Health |138,179,657,132 |- valign="top" |Transportation |124,444,316,123 |- valign="top" |Finance |11,777,469,168 |- valign="top" |Foreign & Intergovernmental Affairs |40,873,686,687 |- valign="top" |Independent Corrupts Practices Commission |3,588,338,165 |- valign="top" |Independent National Electoral Commission |12,693,517,785 |- valign="top" |Information & Communications |18,183,376,503 |- valign="top" |Interior |266,371,519,798 |- valign="top" |Justice |12,695,948,416 |- valign="top" |Labour and Productivity |6,142,634,383 |- valign="top" |Mines and Steel Development |6,592,555,334 |- valign="top" |National Planning Commission |6,400,000,000 |- valign="top" |National Population Commission |5,219,851,968 |- valign="top" |National Salaries, Income and Wages Commission |441,347,573 |- valign="top" |National Sports Commission |5,562,611,171 |- valign="top" |Office of the Head of the Civil Service |6,836,928,125 |- valign="top" |Police Service Commission |599,570,075 |- valign="top" |Public Complaints Commission |2,008,996,208 |- valign="top" |Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Allocation Commission |2,370,007,697 |- valign="top" |Science and Technology |16,306,271,658 |- valign="top" |Women Affairs |2,988,935,104 |- valign="top" |Youth Development |45,591,142,712 |} Rịba ama: Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2008, otu Naira ruru ihe dị ka 0.0057 Euros, ma ọ bụ 0.0084 US Dollars. [1] == Ndị odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide == Ndị odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na-eduzi ngalaba ọrụ gọọmentị. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009, Stephen Oronsaye kwupụtara nnukwu mgbanwe ebe e kenyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ndị odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na ngalaba ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/13969/1/YarAdua-moves-Perm-Secs-/Page1.html|title=Yar'Adua moves Perm Secs|author=Franca Ochigbo|date=2009-08-13|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=2009-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726122349/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/13969/1/YarAdua-moves-Perm-Secs-/Page1.html|archivedate=2011-07-26}}</ref> Ndepụta nke usoro ọhụrụ ahụ dị ka nke Disemba 2009 na-esonụ:<ref name="psecs">{{Cite web|url=http://hosf.gov.ng/civil_service/disposition_list_5|title=Permanent Secretaries|publisher=Office of the Head of Service of the Federation|accessdate=2009-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810004409/http://www.hosf.gov.ng/civil_service/disposition_list_5|archivedate=2010-08-10}}</ref> == Nnukwu nchụpụ nke ndị odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide site n'aka onye isi ala Buhari == Na Nọvemba 10, 2015, Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari kpọrọ ndị odeakwụkwọ niile na-adịgide adịgide na Villa Onye isi ala na Aso Rock ma mee ka 17 n'ime ha laa ezumike nká; ha lara ezumike nkwe ozugbo. Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari Aso Rock<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/11/buhari-sacks-permanent-secretaries/|title=Buhari sacks permanent secretaries|date=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xtremeloaded.com/4681/see-full-list-of-buhari-s-ministerial-nominees|title=See Full List Of Buhari's Ministerial Nominees|work=www.xtremeloaded.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208055048/http://www.xtremeloaded.com/4681/see-full-list-of-buhari-s-ministerial-nominees|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> === Ozi === {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:left" ! width="220" |Name ! width="300" |Ministry ! width="90" |Joined<br /><br />Service ! width="90" |Current<br /><br />Position |- valign="top" |Dr. [[Oderinde Idowu Yusuf]] |Agriculture & Rural Development |2010 |present |- valign="top" |Idris Adamu Kuta |Aviation | | |- valign="top" |Dr A.K. Mohammed |Commerce & Industry | | |- valign="top" |Sheidu Bello Ozigis |Culture, Tourism & National Orientation |1976-11-30 |2005-12-21 |- valign="top" |Ezikiel O. Oyemomi |Defense | | |- valign="top" |Dr. Folasade Yemi-Esan |Education | | |- valign="top" |Dr. Safiya Muhammed |Environment |1982-01-19 |2001-01-01 |- valign="top" |Dr. Ochi C. Achinivu |Finance | | |- valign="top" |Amb J C Keshi |Foreign Affairs | | |- valign="top" |Binta A. Bello |Health | | |- valign="top" |Ammuna Lawan-Ali |Information & Communication |1977-02-17 |2001-01-01 |- valign="top" |Dr A.S Adegoroye |Interior | | |- valign="top" |Abdullahi Yola |Justice | | |- valign="top" |Dr. Haruna Usman Sanusi |Labour |1977-07-01 |2001-04-09 |- valign="top" |Suleiman D. Kassim |Mines & Steel Development |1978-08-01 |2005-12-21 |- valign="top" |Elizabeth B.P. Emuren |Petroleum |1980-12 |2005-12-21 |- valign="top" |I B Sali |Power | | |- valign="top" |Dr N A Damachi |Science and Technology | | |- valign="top" |A. S. Olayisade |Transport | | |- valign="top" |Dr D B Ibe |Women Affairs | | |- valign="top" |Dr. Tukur. B. Ingawa |Works, Housing and Urban Development | | |- valign="top" |Danladi I Kifasi |Youth Development | | |} theophilus erebho, unn, PALG === Ngalaba ndị dị n'ime === {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:left" ! width="220" |Aha ya ! width="300" |Ngalaba ! width="90" |Ọrụ Ndị A Na-etinye<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! width="90" |Ọnọdụ ugbu a<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- valign="top" |S.A.D Osuagwu |OHCSF --- | | |- valign="top" |T.O Iroche |OHCSF --- | | |- valign="top" |Dr. (Nwunye) E. A. Abebe |OHCSF (CSO) | | |- valign="top" |B. U. Maitambari |OSGF SSO |1976-08-03 |1999-06-14 |- valign="top" |Dr Alex Chike Anigbo |OSGF-PAO | | |- valign="top" |S. Oronsaye |OHOSF |1995-12-18 |2001-04-09 |- valign="top" |Maazị N. B. Danbatta |OHOSF-ERO |1980-07-01 |2001-01-01 |- valign="top" |Pius nke Mbụ Ukwu |OHOSF-MDO | | |- valign="top" |Dr. Imoro Kubor |OSGF (Ecological Funds) | | |- valign="top" |Dr. Hakeem Baba-Ahmed |OSGF (GSO) |1978-08-16 |1999-03-18 |- valign="top" |E. I. Ogbile |OSGF - CS | | |- valign="top" |Garba Buwai |OSGF-EAO |1979-01-01 |2001-01-01 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:left" ! width="220" |Aha ya ! width="300" | ! width="90" |Ọrụ Ndị A Na-etinye<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! width="90" |Ọnọdụ ugbu a<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- valign="top" |Dr. Lanre Femi Lanre Fomi | |1980-08-01 |2001-01-01 |- valign="top" |Ibrahim Talba | |1981-10-19 |2001-01-01 |- valign="top" |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] S. M. Mahmood | |1974-07-12 |2002-07-15 |- valign="top" |Prọfesọ Ignatius A. Ayua, SAN, OFR | |1974-06 |2003-03-05 |- valign="top" |Dr. (Nwunye) Timiebi K. Agary | |1980-04-18 |2003-12-18 |- valign="top" |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Raymond N. Okenwa | |1981-07 |2005-12-21 |} == Hụkwa == * Ministrị Federal nke Naijiria * [[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Naịjirịa]] * Kọmitii Ọrụ Obodo nke Naịjirịa == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Federal Ministries of Nigeria}}{{Civil service}} dowqbgncbq0z5fhcn2yar77b6s2a6dy 0 34852 688069 200284 2026-07-14T13:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Yahia Abdel Mageed|Yahia Abdel Mageed]]''' [[w:African Academy of Sciences|<small>FAAS</small>]] ({{lang-ar|يحيى عبدالمجيد}}, 1925–13 Disemba 2020) bụ onye minista Sudan na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Ọgbakọ Mmiri nke [[w:|United Nations]] nkw mbụ. === Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya === Yahia gụsịrị akwụkwọ dịka injinia ọrụ ọrụ site na [[w:|Gordon Memorial College]] (bụzi [[w:|Mahadum Khartoum]] ugbua) n'afọ 1950, wee nweta nzere ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|hydrology]] site na [[w:|Imperial College of Science and Technology]]. <ref>{{Cite webụ |title=sudaneseonline |url=https://sudaneseonline.com/board/30/msg/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9 %84-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8 %B3-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%89-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A% D8%AF-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7 %D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3-1479240987.html | webụsaịtị=sudaneseonline | ụbọchị=15 Nọvemba 2016 | nweta ụbọchị = 16 Nọvemba 2022 | Archive-date=16 Nọvemba 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191146/http://sudaneseonline.com/board/30/msg/%d8%a7 %d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84 %d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8% a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8% a8%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8% b3-1479240987.html |url-status=ebi }}</ref> === Ọrụ na Ime Nnyocha Ya === Yahia sonyeere Ministri [[w:|Irrigation and Hydro-Electric Power]] nke Sudan wee bụrụ onye Minista ya site n'afọ 1971 ruo 1976, na site n'afọ 1977 ruo 1980. N'ime afọ asatọ ndị a, o nyere aka n'iwu [[w:|Roseires Dam]], [[w:|Khashm el-Girba Dam]], na ọrụ ogbu mmiri ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye ama ama maka imegide owuwu nke mgbidi Kajabr nke nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=hakeemtola |title=نبوكين تنعى الخبير الوطنى يحيى عبد المجيد {{!}} |url=https: //nubokeen.com/web/%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b9%d9%89- %d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%89- %. 11-16 | asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị = 2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191154/https://nubokeen.com/web/%d9%86 %d8%a8%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b9%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae %d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%89-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a %d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite webụ |title=رئيس الجمهورية يزور خبير المياه الدولي يحي عبدالمجيد للاطمئنان علي صحته » Présidence de la République - Palais présidentiel |url=https://www.presidsherdency -11 -16 | webụsaịtị=www.presidency.gov.sd |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191606/https://www.presidency.gov.sd/fre/news/basherzeara |url-status=live}}</ref> [[w:|Kurt Waldheim]], onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN n'oge ahụ, họpụtara Yahia ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke nzukọ mmiri UN (UNWC), na [[w:|Mar del Plata]], Argentina, na ngwụcha Mee 1976. Yahia weghaara ọchịchị n'aka onye bu ya ụzọ, onye hapụrụ ya obere ego na [[w:Kurt Waldheim#Election and Waldheim Affair| akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nrụrụ aka]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Eow_oLgKQYC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA197 |title=U.S. Ntinye aka na UN: Akụkọ sitere n'aka Onye isi ala nye Congress maka afọ 1976. 1976 | ụbọchị = 1977 | onye nkwusa = Ngalaba Ọchịchị | asụsụ = en | nweta-date = 2023-03-25 | Archive-date = 2023-03- 25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211915/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Eow_oLgKQYC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA19 | url-status=live }}</ref> Iji nyere UNWC aka n'inyere Mageed aka n'ọnọdụ ya, [[w:|Mostafa Kamal Tolba]] nyere ego [[w:|United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) gbagoterenụ.<ref>{{Kpepụta akụkọ. | ikpeazụ = Oge | nke mbụ = Juan de Onis Pụrụ Iche na New York | ụbọchị = 1977-03-15 | aha = Njikọ Mba Nile Na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka Nzukọ Mmiri U.N. Mepere | asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/15/archives/international-cooperation-stressed-as-un-water-conference-opens.html | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |issn=0362- 4331 | archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116202108/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/15/archives/international- Cooperation-stressed-as-un-water-conference-opens.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Yahia nyere aka mere ka UNWC bụrụ otu n'ime ọgbakọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-aga nke ọma na nke dị irè, nke UN enweela mgbe ya na ndị ya nabatara, site na nghọta ya bara uru banyere mmiri, ịbụ mmadụ dị gara gara, na nkà nlekọta mara mma. N'okwu mmeghe ya nye UNWC, Mageed kwuru:<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1976-05-21 |title=Yahia Abdel Mageed họpụtara Secretary General nke Nzukọ Mmiri Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu |url=https://digitallibrary.un .org/record/1485369 |asụsụ = ://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485369 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ1=Biswas |first1=Asit K. |url=https://books. google.com/books?id=IwXm2uUCmUcC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA5 |title=Mmetụta Megaconferences na ngalaba mmiri |last2=Tortajada |first2=Cecilia| ụbọchị = 2009-02-20 | onye nkwusa=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-540-37224-0 |asụsụ = en | ohere-ụbọchị = 2023-03-25 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-03 -25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211929/https://books.google.com/books?id=IwXm2uUCmUcC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA5 |url-status=live }}</ref><blockquote>Agaghị atụle ọgịga nke ọma nke ọgbakọ a, ọ bụghị ebe a na Mar del Plata, ọ bụghị site n'aka anyị, kama site n'ụmụ ọmụmụ anyị ha n'ime afọ iri abụọ na-abịanụ.</blockquote>Site na ụkpụrụ ndị a, ọ bụ nke na-enweghị onyinyo nke ajụjụ mgbagwoju anya na UNWC nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Tụnyere mgbe ọ bịarutere, Mageed hapụrụ UN n'ọnọdụ ka mma nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Photo - fc0.jpg |url=https://dam.media.un.org/asset- management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=1096&H=927 | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |website=dam.media.un.org | Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https:// web.archive.org/web/20221116195745/https://dam.media.un.org/asset-management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=1096&H=927 |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:United Nations Water Conference Opens in Mar Del Plata 2.jpg|thumb|531x531px|Kọmiti na-ahụ maka ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-enwe nnọkọ pụrụ iche nke abụọ dị ka otu nkwadebe maka ọgbakọ mmiri 1977. A na-ahụ Yahia Abdel Mageed (nke atọ site n'aka ekpe), odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Nzukọ Mmiri, na-ekwu okwu. N'aka ekpe ya bụ Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria), onye ahọpụtara ọzọ ịbụ onyeisi oche kọmitii.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Photo - fc0.jpg |url=https://dam.media.un. org/asset-management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=871&H=843 | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |webụsaịtị=dam.media.un.org | Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221116201235/https://dam.media.un.org/asset-management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=871&H=843 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Yahia, [[w:|Mostafa Kamal Tolba]], na Asit K. Biswas mere ka ahụta afọ ndị 1980 dịka afọ iri nke na-eweta mmiri na Mkpocha nke mba ụwa (IWSSD), bụ mgbe akụkụ buru ibu nke ndị bi n'ụwa ga-enweta mmiri dị ọcha na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha. Oge ole na ole ka UNWC kwusịchara, Tolba họpụtara Mageed, Gilbert White, na Biswas isonye na [[w:|International Water Resources Association]] (IWRA). Ruo mgbe [[w:Mostafa Kamal Tolba|Tolba]] hapụrụ [[w:United Nations Environment Programme|UNEP]] n'afọ 1992, bọọdụ a na-enwekarị nnọkọ, ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu ọbụla. Yahia tolitere wee bụrụ onye nkwado siri ike nke IWRA. O nwere nnukwu ọrụ na ọgbakọ mmiri dị iche iche n'ụwa nke [[w:International Water Resources Association|IWRA]] nwere na Ottawa, Cairo, na Rabat. O meriri Ntuli aka emere maka osote onye isi nke [[w:International Water Resources Association|IWRA]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last=Biswas |first=Asit K. |date=2021-05-19 |title =Yahia Abdel Mageed (1925–2021) |journal=Water International |olu=46 |issue=4 |pages=626–627 |doi=10.1080/02508060.2021.1932976 |s2cid=23576960060250 = efu }}</ref> Ọ laghachiri Sudan dị ka onye ndụmọdụ gọọmentị<ref>{{Cite news | last=Times |first=Kathleen Teltsch Special to The New York |date=1977-03-14 |title=Politics Unlikely at Water Parley |asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/14/archives/politics-unlikely-at-water-parley.html | nweta-ụbọchị = 2022- 11-16 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116202107/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/ 03/14/archives/politics-unlikely-at-water-parley.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last=State |first=United States Department of |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Zv90WfFt1rMC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA203 |title=The Department of State Bulletin |date=1977 |publisher=Office of Public Communication, Bureau nke Ọha |asụsụ = en | nweta-ụbọchị =2023-03-25 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211947/https:// books.google.com/books?id=Zv90WfFt1rMC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA203 |url-status=live }}</ref> na [[w:|UNESCO]]<ref>{{Cite webụ | ụbọchị = 1978 | aha = Ihe ịma aka zuru ụwa ọnụ | url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000074785 | nweta-date = | webụsaịtị =unesdoc.unesco.org | archive-date=2022-11 -16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116202106/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000074785 |url-status=live}}</ref> na [[w:|Water Resources]] na [[w:|Hydrology]] gụnyere esemokwu mba ụwa gbasara [[w:Nile|Osimiri Nile]].<ref>{{Cite book | last=Tvedt |first=Terje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZ11vIK5Cs8C&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA541 |title=Osimiri Naịl na ọrụ akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọha na eze na ọdịbendị ya: Otu Akwụkwọ akụkọ nkọwa | ụbọchị = 2000 | onye mbipụta = Mahadum Bergen |isbn=978-82-7453-017-1 | asụsụ = en | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-03-25 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-03-25 | Archive -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211935/https://books.google.com/books?id=yZ11vIK5Cs8C&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA541 |url-status = ndụ }}</ref><ref>{{Ce akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Clarke |first=Robin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nb1cAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22 +-wikipedia&pg=PT184 |title=Mmiri: Nsogbu Mba Nile |Ụbọchị=2013-12-16 |Onye nkwusa=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-15934-5 |asụsụ=en |ụbọchị nnabata=2023-03- 25 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211952/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nb1cAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel +Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT184 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swain |first=Ashok |date=1997 |title=Ethiopia, Sudan na Egypt : Esemokwu Osimiri Naịl |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/162009 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |olu=35 |issue=4 |pages=675–694 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X97002577 |jstor=162009 |s2cid=154735027 |issn=0022-278X | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20221116202106/https://www.jstor.org/stable/162009 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ọnwụ Ya === Yahia nwụrụ na Khartoum, Sudan, site na mkpatara osinachi, na mgbede nke 13 Disemba 2020, ọ gbara afọ iri itoolu na ise.<ref>{{Cite web |ikpeazụ=التحرير |first=فريق |date=2020-12-16 |title=حمدوك ينعي يحيى عبد المجيد وزير الري الأسبق - السودان اليوم |url=https://almashhadalsudani.com/sudan-news/sudan-today/26823/ |Access-date=2022-11-16 |7= |asụsụ=ar |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191129/https://almashhadalsudani.com/sudan-news/sudan-taa/26823 / |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-24 |archivedate=2022-11-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191129/https://almashhadalsudani.com/sudan-news/sudan-today/26823/ }}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === Yahia bụ onye tọrọ ntọala nke [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] (1985)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mageed Yahyia Abdel {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/ |nweta-ụbọchị=2022-11-16 |webụsaịtị=www.aasciences.africa |Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org /web/20221116191113/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/mageed-yahyia-abdel |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-24 |archivedate=2021-07-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725180932/https://www.aasciences.africa/ }}</ref> enyekwara ya [[w:|IWRA Crystal Drop Award]] n'afọ 1991. <ref name=":0" /> === Akwụkwọ Ndị O Bipụtara Ahọpụtara=== * M Falkenmark, G Lindh, RG Tanner, '''YA Mageed''' (2019). [[doi:10.4324/9780429267260|Water For a Starving World]]. doi:10.4324/9780429267260. * '''YA Mageed'''. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Asit-Biswas-2/publication/364354762_International_Waters_of_the_Middle_East_From_Euphrates-Tigris_to_Nile/links/634ed5b312cbac6a3ed7362f/International-Waters-of-the-Middle-East-From-Euphrates-Tigris-to-Nile.pdf The Nile Basin: Lessons from the Past]. Water Resources Management Series:2,1page 56-185. * '''Yahia Abdel Mageed''' (1993-01-01). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900629308722581 ''Environmentally sound water management and development'']. [[International Journal of Water Resources Development]]. 9 (2): 155–165. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07900629308722581|10.1080/07900629308722581]]. ISSN 0790-0627. * '''Yahia Abdel Mageed''' (1984). ''[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900628408722316 The Jonglei canal: A conservation project of the Nile].'' International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2 (2–3): 85–101. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07900628408722316|10.1080/07900628408722316]]. ISSN 0790-0627. === Hụkwa === * [[Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih]] * [[Elfatih Eltahir]] === Ịgụrụ Gawa === Biswas, Asit K. (2021-05-19). ''[[doi:10.1080/02508060.2021.1932976|Yahia Abdel Mageed (1925–2021)]]''. [[Water International]]. 46 (4): 626–627. doi:10.1080/02508060.2021.1932976. ISSN 0250-8060 === Edensibia === <references /> === Njikọ Mpụga === * [https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=Yahia+Abdel+Mageed&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart Yahia Abdel Mageed], in [[Google Scholar]]. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mageed, Yahia Abdel}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ n'afọ 1925]] [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2020]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị òtù ntọala nke African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Gordon Memorial College]] 7vpiwxittrxr9fsyvye4e4re25uz9kr 0 35023 688168 197498 2026-07-15T02:34:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Vacuum_Tower_Telescope,_Teide_Observatory.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụlọ Elu Elu Mmiri]] [[Usòrò:Teide_Observatory_2018_065.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-ahụ VTT]] Vacuum Tower Telescope bụ telivishọn anyanwụ nke dị na Teide Observatory na Tenerife na Canary Islands. <ref name="vtt_kis">{{Cite web|title=Vacuum Tower Telescope|url=http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/?id=575&L=1|work=[[Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik|KIS]] website|publisher=[[Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik]]|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref> bụ Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS) na-arụ ọrụ. <ref name="KIS">[http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/index.php?id=23&L=1 Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS)]</ref> E wuru ya n'agbata afọ 1983 na 1986, na ọkụ mbụ na 1988. <ref name="vtt_iac">{{Cite web|title=Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT)|url=http://www.iac.es/eno.php?op1=3&op2=6&lang=en&id=1|work=[[Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias|IAC]] website|publisher=[[Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias]]|accessdate=11 January 2014|archivedate=1 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001031856/http://www.iac.es/eno.php?op1=3&op2=6&lang=en&id=1}}</ref> O nwere enyo isi nke dị sentimita iri asaa (28-inch) n'obosara na ogologo anya nke mita iri anọ na isii (151 . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rimmele|first=Thomas R.|title=Solar Adaptive Optics|journal=Living Reviews in Solar Physics|date=2011|volume=8|issue=2|doi=10.12942/lrsp-2011-2|url=http://www.livingreviews.org/lrsp-2011-2|accessdate=11 January 2014|pmid=27194964}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Berkefeld|first=Thomas|title=KAOS - a flexible control system for AO and MCAO|date=December 2012|volume=2|url=https://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2012/RTCWorkshop/7_4_bekerfeld.pdf|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>'ihi u''SO'' ''A'' na-agbanwe agbanwe ''''K'''' (Kiepenheuer-institute Adaptive Optic System), na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2000, [1] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/AOVortrag_Soltau_0004/|title=KAOS- The Kiepenheuer-institute Adaptive Optic System|accessdate=May 31, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610234500/http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/AOVortrag_Soltau_0004/|archivedate=June 10, 2007}}</ref> ọ nwere ike idozi nkọwa ruo 0.2 arc sekọnd (150 km) n'elu Anyanwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/kishomepage_36_e.html|title=Solar observations of highest resolution obtained with Adaptive Optics and Speckle-Interferometry at the VTT|accessdate=May 31, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610200044/http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/kishomepage_36_e.html|archivedate=June 10, 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Van Der Luehe|first=Oskar|editor=Keil|doi=10.1117/12.498659|chapter=KAOS: Adaptive optics system for the Vacuum Tower Telescope at Teide Observatory|title=Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics|series=Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics|pages=187|year=2003}}</ref>&nbsp; == Nkọwa == VTT na GREGOR na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ anọ nke Germany: Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (Freiburg, oche), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (Lindau), na Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen. A na-eji onyokomita eme ihe maka nyocha sayensị site n'etiti Eprel ruo n'etiti Disemba. A na-emekarị mkpọsa nyocha 30 ruo 40 kwa afọ. Na mmalite nke iri asaa, 40cm Newton-telescope, nke e wuru na Kiepenheuer-Institut, etinyere na Observatorio del Teide. , [[Sweden]] na [[Denmark]]. Ọrụ nrụpụta maka telescopes anyanwụ German malitere na 1983, gụnyere Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), na Gregory-Coudé-Telescope (GCT) nke Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen. Emebela VTT na Kiepenheuer-Institut na Freiburg n'ime etiti iri asaa. E tinyere teliskop ahụ na 1986 na ọrụ sayensị malitere na 1988. Kemgbe ahụ, VTT na-adịwanye mma mgbe niile ma bụrụ 'ịnyịnya na-arụ ọrụ<nowiki>''</nowiki> maka ndị nyocha anyị. Ejiri GCT rụọ ọrụ n'afọ 1985 wee bibie ya n'afọ 2002, iji nweta ohere maka teliskop GREGOR ọhụrụ 1.5m. == Nsonaazụ == A na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ VTT maka nyocha dị elu nke plasma na magnetik. Enwere ike ijikọta ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ maka nyocha n'otu oge n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke anyanwụ, site na infrared dị nso ruo UV dị nso. Ikike a bụ ihe pụrụ iche maka onyokomita anyanwụ ma na-enye ohere ikpughe ọdịdị atọ nke ikuku anyanwụ. Site n'enyemaka nke mgbanwe anya na usoro nrụzigharị ihe oyiyi kwesịrị ekwesị ọ ga-ekwe omume ugbu a ịhụ ihe onwunwe nke obere ihe dị n'elu anyanwụ na nha nke naanị kilomita 150, na njedebe nke telivishọn. Foto ndị ahụ na-egosi obere mpaghara nke elu anyanwụ nwere oghere abụọ gbara ọchịchịrị. Ogwe aka nri na-egosi otú plasma si agagharị: ọbara ọbara bụ ala na-agagharị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ bụ elu, ngụkọta nke -1.4 km / s ruo +1.4 km/s. * GREGOR Solar Telescope == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070626014814/http://obs.kis.uni-freiburg.de/telescopes.htm Telescopes nke anyanwụ nke Germany] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012124253/http://obs.kis.uni-freiburg.de/tfs-vtt.htm Tenerife German Telescopes: Vacuum Tower Telescope] * NASA Astronomy Foto nke Ụbọchị: Orange Sun Oozing (22 Mee 2007) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503183420/http://www.otri.iac.es/opticon/view_telescopes.php?telescope=27 Ihe ọmụma Telescope: Vacuum Tower Telescope] 1g6w8jxty65siddw9tei7zm8osnb3n6 0 35356 688100 165448 2026-07-14T19:34:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688100 wikitext text/x-wiki EUwarn (mkpoputa ziri ezi: EUWARN) - nkè a na-akpọkwa KATWARN international - bụ usoro '''Ịdọ aka ná ntị EU''' ozi Europe dịka Ntuziaka 110 EU (EU) 2018/1972. EUwarn / Katwarn-international bụ nkè European Commission na Brussels na [[Luxembourg]] na nkè [[Austria|Austrian]] Federal Ministry of the Interior na-eji eme ihe iji mee ka ndị na-emetụta site na ngwa smartphone màrà n'ọnọdụ dị ize ndụ (dịka, nnukwu ọkụ, nkwụsị ọkụ, mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-efe efe).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fraunhofer FOKUS {{!}} Fraunhofer development "EUWARN" for more safety launched|url=https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/en/fokus/presse/euwarn_2019|accessdate=2021-04-28|work=www.fokus.fraunhofer.de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Your guardian angel EUWARN|url=http://www.turm-solutions.com/euwarn/english/|accessdate=2021-04-28|work=TURM solutions|language=de-DE}}</ref> Usoro a dabere na usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị KATWARN, nkè a na-eji na [[Jémanị|Germany]] kemgbe afọ 2011, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Warnsystem KATWARN startet App für Android-Smartphones|url=https://idw-online.de/en/news540060|accessdate=2021-04-28|work=idw-online.de|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030626/https://idw-online.de/en/news540060}}</ref> ma na-ejikọta ya na teknụzụ na-agagharị agagharị. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Reinhardt|first=Niklas|date=2018|title=Vernetzte Krisenkommunikation – Warnsystem KATWARN bietet Informationen aus einer Hand|url=https://www.schadenprisma.de/wp-content/uploads/pdf/1/sp_1_2018_art4.pdf|journal=Schadenprisma|volume=1/2018}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ịnata ịdọ aka ná ntị (nkà na ụzụ dị iche iche) === Iji wee gbasaa ịdọ aka ná ntị nye ndị otu dị n'ime na ndị dị n'èzí, EUwarn na-eji ọwa nkwukọrịta dijitalụ (ngwa EUwarn, kọmputa dị n'ụgbọ, [[Ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ|smarthome]], wearables, ngosipụta, ọnụ ụzọ, wdg) - nkè a na-akpọ "multi-channel. " <ref name=":0"/> Usoro EUwarn bụ usoro ọtụtụ ọwa. === Ịmụ ọtụtụ asụsụ === EUwarn nwèrè ike ịsụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, ya bụ, dabere na ntọala usoro nke smartphone, ngwa ahụ na-egosipụta ịdọ aka ná ntị n'asụsụ dị iche ma ọ bụ - dịka ndabara - na Bekee. Enwere ike ịkwadebe template màkà asụsụ <ref name=":0"/> ichè ichè ma, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, rụọ ọrụ na-akpaghị aka. === Teknụzụ === N'ịbụ nke Fraunhofer Society mepụtara, EUwarn na-aga n'ihu na-agagharị na mgbanwe ya na ndị ọchịchị, òtù nchekwa na ụlọ ọrụ. <ref>Eridy Lukau: ''Privacy by Design based Early Warning System for 5G enabled Vehicular Networks''. 27 September 2018, [[Digital Object Identifier|doi]]:10.13140/RG.2.2.14839.47523.</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Katwarn the Warning System|url=https://www.katwarn.de/downloads/en/KATWARN.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2021}}</ref>'ime nkèéa, a na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke "privacy site na imewe" na "privaity site na ndabara" ya na ihe achọrọ nke General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) mgbè niile. == Ebe a na-egwu mmiri == Nnyocha nke European Commission banyéré egwu tsunami na agwaetiti Kos na-egosi na Katwarn-international dị oke mkpa màkà ịdọ ndị metụtara aka ná ntị ngwa ngwa. N'oge afọ 2019 drill, Katwarn-international bụ naanị ngwa ịdọ aka ná ntị eji, ya na ọwa ịdọ akaebe ndị ọzọ dị ka sirens, scoreboards na loudspeakers. N'ọnwa Nọvemba ụbọchị iri abụo na otu n'afọ 2019, European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) nwalere teknụzụ na usoro sitere na ọrụ EU Tsunami Last Mile. N'oge ọzụzụ ahụ, e ji EUwarn (ma ọ bụ Katwarn-international) zipụ ịdọ aka ná ntị tsunami nye ndị sonyere ma nye ha ntụziaka màkà otu esi apụ. Nnyocha ahụ gosiri na mgbasa ozi ịdọ aka ná ntị zuru oke ga-ekwe omume naanị site na iji Katwarn. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fraunhofer FOKUS, ESPRI {{!}} Tsunami early warning: KATWARN can save lives|url=https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/en/espri/news/tsunami_drill_kos|accessdate=2021-04-28|work=www.fokus.fraunhofer.de|archivedate=2021-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428125402/https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/en/espri/news/tsunami_drill_kos}}</ref> ọmụmaatụ, ébé ọ bụ na a pụghị ịnụ sirens na klas, naanị ụzọ isi ruo klas ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ site na ngwa Katwarn na smartphone ónyé nkuzi. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 9v5nzf6midj90n30o4bea3n4s6zsim1 0 37812 688077 516169 2026-07-14T14:17:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688077 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Isaac Adu Mensah''' (amụrụ na [[Febrụwarị|Febụwarị]] 18, 1988), nke a maara dị ka '''Yaw Skyface''', bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na [[Ghana]], onye nduzi na Onye na-ese ihe nkiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enewsgh.com/2017/05/09/photos-yaw-skyface-transitioning-music-videos-movies/yaw-skyface-movie/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826070518/enewsgh.com/2017/05/09/photos-yaw-skyface-transitioning-music-videos-movies/yaw-skyface-movie/|archivedate=2018-08-26|title=Yaw Skyface Movie|author=Pep Junia}}</ref> nkiri izizi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/door-to-door-lil-win-back-in-new-romantic-comedy-featuring-ahuofe-patricia-id7063763.html|title=Lil Win back in new romantic comedy featuring Ahuofe Patricia|date=28 July 2017|accessdate=3 March 2024|archivedate=29 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232420/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/door-to-door-lil-win-back-in-new-romantic-comedy-featuring-ahuofe-patricia-id7063763.html}}</ref> bụ Door 2 Door zutere ọtụtụ nyocha dị mma mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Yaw-Skyface-transitioning-from-music-videos-to-movies-536361|title=Yaw Skyface transitioning from music videos to movies|work=Ghanaweb|date=9 May 2017|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/No-female-artiste-can-replace-Ebony-Yaw-Skyface-630723|title=No female artiste can replace Ebony - Yaw Skyface|work=Ghanaweb|date=March 2018|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/photos-yaw-skyface-joins-the-movie-industry-shoots-first-movie-id6650178.html|title=Photos Yaw Skyface joins the movie industry; shoots first movie|work=Pulse|date=9 May 2017|accessdate=10 April 2018|archivedate=11 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025818/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/photos-yaw-skyface-joins-the-movie-industry-shoots-first-movie-id6650178.html}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Yaw na (Kwahu Abetifi, Eastern Region). Ọ nọrọ akụkụ nke nwata ya na-etolite na Takoradi, ruo mgbe ezinụlọ ya kwagara Accra. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Takoradi Polytechnic na 2008, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi vidiyo na 2009. == Ntuziaka ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === * ''Ọnụ ụzọ nke Abụọ'' (2017) <ref name="moderngh">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/45478/door-2-door-movie-premiere-receives-massive-attendance.html|title='Door 2 Door' Movie Premiere Receives Massive Attendance|work=ModernGhana|date=October 3, 2017}}</ref> ==== Vidio egwu ==== {| class="wikitable" |'''Afọ''' |'''Onye na-ese ihe''' |'''Abụ''' |'''Ihe edeturu''' |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |Iwan |"Miss You" |Onye nduzi (ya na Apstairs) <ref>{{Cite web|title=IWAN - Miss You [Official Video]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlrEOtjr8OQ|date=12 October 2012|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=[[YouTube.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nate A-Eshun |"Na Ịhụnanya" |Onye nduzi[] |- |2013 |Jah Kumbo |"Mee ka ọ bụrụ onye ruru eru" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 January 2013|title=Jah Kumbo - Qualify (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xdVAzQwBYc|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |Yaa Pono |"Amen" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 May 2014|title=Yaa Pono - "Amen" (Official Video) HD 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cfEgnrP2VY|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Drilix |"Inferno" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 November 2014|title=Drilix – Inferno (Feat Cabum) (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanandwom.net/drilix-inferno-feat-cabum-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Ghanandwom|archivedate=11 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411112937/http://www.ghanandwom.net/drilix-inferno-feat-cabum-official-video/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Billy Banger |"Akụkụ nke 6" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 2014|title=Music Video: Billy BanGer – "Party At 6"|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/music-video-billy-banger-party-6/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Ameyawdebrah|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203405/https://ameyawdebrah.com/music-video-billy-banger-party-6/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- | rowspan="5" |2015 |Ọchịchị Ebony |"Ụlọ ịgba egwú" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 December 2015|title=Ebony - Dancefloor (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPSZ0fFuWZU|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Unyx |"Ekpi" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2015|title=Music Video: Unyx "Ekpi" (Mampi Cover) Dir By Yaw Skyface|url=https://loudsoundgh.com/2015/01/music-video-unyx-ekpi-mampi-cover-dir-by-yaw-skyface/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Loud Sound Ghana}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Emfrayimi |"Baby Alhaji" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2015|title=Ephraim — Baby Alhaji (Music Video) Dir. By Yaw Skyface|url=https://loudsoundgh.com/2015/09/ephraim-baby-alhaji-music-video-dir-by-yaw-skyface/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Loud sound Ghana}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Flexclusive & Dr Cryme |"Nwanyị" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 February 2015|title=Flexclusive – Woman ft Dr Cryme (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/flexclusive-woman-ft-dr-cryme-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Ghana Motion}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Donzy & Kofi Kinaata |"Agha Ntụte" |Onye nduzi[<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 September 2015|title=Music Video Donzy & Kofi Kinaata - The Crusade|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-donzy-kofi-kinaata-the-crusade-id4169576.html|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=pulse ghana|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202100/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-donzy-kofi-kinaata-the-crusade-id4169576.html}}</ref>] |- | rowspan="6" |2016 |Bisa Kdei |"JWE" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2016|title=VIDEO: Bisa Kdei – JWE|url=https://www.naijavibes.com/videos/video-bisa-kdei-jwe/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Naijavibes|archivedate=11 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411111409/https://www.naijavibes.com/videos/video-bisa-kdei-jwe/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Donzy, [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodia]] & Piesie |"Klọb" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2016|title=Video: Donzy ft Sarkodie & Piesie – Club|url=http://jonilar.net/2016/10/03/video-donzy-ft-sarkodie-piesie-club/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=jonilar.|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203532/http://jonilar.net/2016/10/03/video-donzy-ft-sarkodie-piesie-club/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Bisa Kdei & Obrafour |"Samina" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 October 2016|title=New Video: Bisa Kdei ft Obrafour – 'Samina'|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/02/09/new-video-bisa-kdei-ft-obrafour-samina/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ghana celebrities.|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410201814/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/02/09/new-video-bisa-kdei-ft-obrafour-samina/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Samini na Kofi Kinaata |"Mama Ghana" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 November 2016|title=Samini – Mama Ghana ft. Kofi Kinaata (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/samini-mama-ghana-ft-kofi-kinaata-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ghanamotion}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Ọchịchị Ebony |"Kupe" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebony - Kupe (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU4o5jB8KHE|date=23 May 2016|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=YouTube.com}}</ref> |- |Unyx |"Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ara" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 October 2016|title=Unyx – Masi Mad (Prod. by Dugud)(OFFICIAL VIDEO)|url=http://www.plushafrica.com/2016/10/04/unyx-masi-mad-prod-by-dugudofficial-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Plush africa|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202107/http://www.plushafrica.com/2016/10/04/unyx-masi-mad-prod-by-dugudofficial-video/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- | rowspan="12" |2017 |Ọchịchị Ebony |"Onye nkwado" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 May 2017|title=Ebony – Sponsor (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/ebony-sponsor-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ghanamotion.}}</ref> |- |Joey B & King Nkwa |"Sweetie Pie" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 December 2017|title=Joey B – Sweetie Pie ft. King Promise (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/joey-b-sweetie-pie-ft-king-promise-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ghanamotion}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Donzy & Spicer |"Obi pụọ" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 August 2017|title=Donzy – Heart Away ft. Spicer (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/donzy-heart-away-ft-spicer-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ghanamotion}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Sista Afia & Shatta Wale |"Mụ onwe m" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2017|title=Sista Afia – Jeje ft. Shatta Wale (Official Video)|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/sista-afia-jeje-ft-shatta-wale-official-video/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ghanamotion}}</ref> |- |Bisa Kdei |"Apache" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 February 2017|title=Bisa Kdei releases video for 'Apae'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Bisa-Kdei-releases-video-for-Apae-506964|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> |- |Asaase & Yaw Pono |"Julie" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 February 2017|title=Asaase ft Yaa Pono - Julie (Official Video) Dir Yaw SkyFace|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq3tpH2iLPA|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Youtube.}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Kofi Kinaata |"Nkwupụta" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2017|title=Kofi Kinaata - Confession (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4DrHI6lhAw|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Youtube}}</ref> |- |Kofi Kinaata |"Ihe ngosi Ikpeazụ" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 November 2017|title=Kofi Kinaata - Last Show (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBJIHppqb4U|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Youtube.}}</ref> |- |Kofi Kinaata |"Oge Enweghị Dey" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 November 2017|title=Kofi Kinaata - Time No Dey (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V77fcXPbEqU|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Youtube}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Kelvyn Bwoy & Medikal |"Toffee" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 October 2017|title=Kelvyn Boy - Toffee ft. Medikal (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1D6XPuO3ZQ|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Youtube.}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Ọchịchị Ebony |"Tinyelite Ìhè" |Onye nduzi<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 February 2017|title=Ebony - Turn On The Light [One Dread Riddim] (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-nFqAmrt6I|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=Youtube.}}</ref> |- |Bisa Kdei & Reekado Banks |"Mmetụta" |Onye nduzi |- | rowspan="5" |2018 |Stephanie Benson |"Ihe niile gbasara Ịhụnanya" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 March 2018|title=Stephanie Benson - All About Love (Official Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6v3Rw4Q8zo|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Keche |"Ọkwa Na-esote" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2018|title=Music Video Keche - Next Level|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-keche-next-level-id7863727.html|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=pulse ghana|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410201926/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-keche-next-level-id7863727.html}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Bisa Kdei |"Hammer" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 February 2018|title=(mp4/video) Bisa Kdei – Hammer (Dir by Yaw Skyface)|url=https://www.videos.com.gh/podcast/mp4-video-bisa-kdei-hammer-dir-by-yaw-skyface/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=videos Ghana|archivedate=11 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411075755/https://www.videos.com.gh/podcast/mp4-video-bisa-kdei-hammer-dir-by-yaw-skyface/}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |Strongman & Kuami Eugene |"Nwaanyị Na-eto Nwata" |Onye nduzi[<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2018|title=Music Video Strongman - Baby Girl feat Kuami Eugene|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-strongman-baby-girl-feat-kuami-eugene-id8027395.html|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=pulse ghana|archivedate=10 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202057/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-strongman-baby-girl-feat-kuami-eugene-id8027395.html}}</ref>] |- |DJ Mensah & Bisa Kdei |"Ụlọ ịgba egwú" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2018|title=Music Video: DJ Mensah feat. Bisa Kdei – Dancefloor|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/music-video-dj-mensah-feat-bisa-kdei-dancefloor/|accessdate=10 April 2018|publisher=ameyawdebrah.}}</ref> nduzi [1] |- |} == Edensibia == mgbe ezinụlọ ya kwagara Accra. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Takoradi Polytechnic na 2008, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi vidiyo na 2009.{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pijurdhy0dtx2tq3sfonutofl6kjv9t 0 38401 688082 176173 2026-07-14T15:45:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Yvonne Enakhena''' bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. <ref name="Vanguard News 2014">{{Cite web|title=I fasted seven days for movie role - Yvonne Enakhena|work=Vanguard News|date=17 January 2014|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/i-fasted-seven-days-for-movie-role/|accessdate=26 July 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/i-fasted-seven-days-for-movie-role/ "I fasted seven days for movie role - Yvonne Enakhena"]. ''Vanguard News''. 17 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Enakhena akara akara ule na Theatre and Media Arts na Mahadum Lagos .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Thabit|first=Khadijah|date=17 January 2014|title=I Dry Fasted 7 days For Movie Role - Nollywood Actress|url=https://www.legit.ng/56864.html|accessdate=27 July 2022|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=27 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727102531/https://www.legit.ng/56864.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'ụzọ ọrụ ya, o kwuru na a na-eyi ya egwu mgbe ọ na-achọ ọrụ, [1] Yvonne Enakhena akụkọ ime ihe na 2012. Ọka ewu ewu maka ọrụ agwa ya usoro Hotel Majestic .  [2] Na 2017, o ihe nkiri nke ya ese Trace. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2017|title=Yvonne Enakhena condemns infidelity in new movie Trace|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/yvonne-enakhena-condemns-infidelity-new-movie-trace/|accessdate=27 July 2022|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * ''Chọpụta'' <ref name="The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News 2017">{{Cite web|title=Yvonne Enakhena excites Silverbird Cinemas with 'TRACE' the movie - Nigeria and World News|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=22 July 2017|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/yvonne-enakhena-excites-silverbird-cinemas-with-trace-the-movie/|accessdate=26 July 2022|archivedate=27 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727095541/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/yvonne-enakhena-excites-silverbird-cinemas-with-trace-the-movie/}}</ref> <ref name="Awojulugbe 2017">{{Cite web|author=Awojulugbe|first=Oluseyi|title=Trace, Baby Driver... 10 movies you should see this weekend|work=TheCable Lifestyle|date=29 July 2017|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/trace-baby-driver-10-movies-see-weekend/|accessdate=26 July 2022}}</ref> * ''Hotel Majestic'' * ''Aaron Nwam'' <ref name="Vanguard News 2014"/> * ''Ojuju'' == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! arụ ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ ! Ref |- | 2019 | [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Ihe nrite Nollywood kacha mma]] | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ nkwado (Bekee) | ''Ụra''|{{Nom}} | <ref name="Bada 2019">{{Cite web|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|title=BON Awards 2019: Nollywood stars gather for 11th edition in Kano|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=14 December 2019|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2019-here-are-the-winners-of-11th-edition-in-kano/kdvbnj0|accessdate=27 July 2022}}</ref> |- |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri Naijiria * Ndepụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|6150803|Yvonne Enakhena}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] r14eyr2tgbvvmb47tt5sfxnapir66id 0 39911 688167 656495 2026-07-15T00:54:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:A_local_fruit_Vendor_in_the_old_town.jpg|thumb| Ọtụtụ mgbe, naanị ebe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ahịa nri na-adịghị ahụkebe, onye na-ere mkpụrụ osisi na-ere n'okporo ụzọ na Tanzania.]] {{Databox}}Nke a bụ ndepụta nsogbu ọzara nri na ngwọta site na mba . == East Africa == Ọzara nri nke Africa dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi mmepe obodo mepere emepe, ụzọ dị iche iche ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu si enweta nri site na ahịa akụ na ụba nri na nke nkịtị, ọnọdụ ezinụlọ nke ezinụlọ, yana mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba Africa. <ref name=":6" /> A kọwawo ọzara nri Africa dị ka "ogbenye, nke na-adịkarịghị, obodo mepere emepe nke enweghị nchekwa nri na obere nri dị iche iche, nwere ọtụtụ ahịa na ahịa na ebe nri na-abụghị ahịa mana enwere ike ịnweta nri ezinụlọ na-agbanwe agbanwe." <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|author=Battersby|first=Jane|year=2014|title=Africa's Urban Food Deserts|journal=Urban Forum|volume=25|issue=2|pages=143–51|doi=10.1007/s12132-014-9225-5}}</ref> Nkọwa nke ọzara nri na-emetụtakarị ebe dị n'etiti ndị bi na ụlọ ahịa kacha nso. Na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ, nnukwu ụlọ ahịa na-emeri ndị ahịa na ndị na-ere ahịa mana ụzọ isi enweta nri n'ime Africa agbanweela. Ụfọdụ mpaghara nwere akụ na ụba na-adịghị adị ebe ndị ahịa na ndị na-ere ahịa dị n'ime mpaghara ha bi na mpaghara mpaghara ndị ọzọ. <ref name=":6"/> Ọrụ ugbo obodo na-arụkwa nnukwu ọrụ n'ime Afrịka ka a na-eme ọzụzụ atụrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe - ndị mmadụ na-azụ anụ ụlọ nke ha ma na-akọ nri nke ha na-emepụta usoro mbufe nri nke ime obodo na obodo. Omume ndị a dịgasị iche iche n'Afrika niile mana anaghị abawanye nchekwa nri ma gbochie akụrụngwa obodo iji mepụta ọzara nri. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Crush|first=Jonathan|year=2012|title=The Crisis of Food Insecurity in African Cities|journal=Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition|volume=7|issue=2–3|pages=271–92|doi=10.1080/19320248.2012.702448}}</ref> Ndị mmadụ na-akpata obere ego ka na-achọsi ike inweta nri n'ụzọ ndị a, mana uto nnukwu ụlọ ahịa n'obodo mepere emepe ma n'ime ime obodo na-ebipụ ụzọ isi nweta nri na-akawanye mma maka nchekwa nri. <ref name="Battersby2012">{{Cite journal|author=Battersby|first=Jane|year=2012|title=Beyond the Food Desert: Finding Ways to Speak About Urban Food Security in South Africa|journal=Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography|volume=94|issue=2|pages=141–59|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0467.2012.00401.x}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ezinaụlọ ndị nọ n'otu nri na-esi enweta nri n'ụzọ dị iche. <ref name=":6"/> Ọtụtụ mpaghara nwere ngwakọta nke ọkwa ego dị iche iche. Ndị nwere nnukwu ego na-enweta ụgbọ njem ka mma ma nwee ike ịzụ ahịa n'ụlọ ahịa nri kacha nso. Ezinụlọ ndị na-akpata obere ego na-anọgidesi ike na-enweta nri sitere n'aka ndị na-ere ahịa obodo nwere obere oge ọrụ ma ọ bụ site na ịhịa aka n'ahụ. <ref name="Battersby2012"/> African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) chọpụtara na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasenti 70 nke ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye n'ime ime obodo Africa na-enweta akụkụ nke nri ha sitere n'aka ndị na-ere ahịa na ndị ahịa na 79% nke ezinụlọ ndị a jiri nnukwu ụlọ ahịa. Mgbe ọmụmụ ihe ndị a na-eburu n'uche ugboro ugboro, a chọpụtara na ndị Africa dara ogbenye na-eji ndị na-ere ahịa na-ere ahịa na-emekarị maka ọtụtụ mkpa ha ma na-aga n'ụlọ ahịa ịzụ ahịa buru ibu. <ref name=":6" /> Site na uto akụ na ụba na-enye aka n'iwu ụlọ ahịa na omume mmeghari ohuru nke obodo, a na-ewepụ oghere ala site n'obodo ndị na-azụ anụ na-eto eto ma na-ewe ihe oriri nke ha ma na-ebelata ihe onwunwe ndị na-ere ahịa na-eji nweta ngwaahịa ndị ha na-ere, na-amachi usoro azụmahịa ha ma na-ebute ụzọ. ọzara nri na Africa. <ref name="Battersby2012"/> Usoro nri nke oge a n'obodo ukwu na obodo na-abịa na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa ma na-emebi omume enweghị nchekwa nri dị elu nke adịlarị. Nsonaazụ nyocha AFSUN na-egosi ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, dịka okike, ego na agụmakwụkwọ na-emetụta ịnweta nri na-edozi ahụ. <ref name=":6"/> Ezinụlọ ndị nwoke na-achị nwere ohere iri nri karịa nke nwanyị na-achị. <ref name=":6" /> Nke a bụ n'ihi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị nọ na-adịghị emetụta ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a, ndị ọdịda anyanwụ nwere ohere ịnweta ego. N'Afrịka, ndị isi ezinụlọ ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike inwe ụkọ nri okpukpu abụọ karịa ụmụ nwoke. Ụmụ nwanyị enweghị obere njem n'ime Africa ma si otú a na-atụkwasịkwu obi na usoro ịkpata nri na-enweghị nchebe. === South Africa === ==== Nsogbu ụgbọ njem ==== Obodo ndị dị n'Afrịka na-enwe oke nkewa nke na-eduga na ndị ogbenye na-eji ụgbọ njem ọha na-eme njem dị anya, na-eji ihe ruru awa 3 kwa ụbọchị na njem. Nsogbu njem a na-akawanye njọ site na akụrụngwa okporo ụzọ na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu yana ụgbọ njem ụgbọ oloko na-adịghị mma. Ebe ọtụtụ ụbọchị na-ala n'iyi n'ụzọ, ndị Africa dara ogbenye enweghị oge iji nọrọ n'ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ ịkwadebe nri nke na-amanye ha ịzụta nri dị oke ọnụ, nke na-adịghị edozi ahụ, nke edozilarị site na ndị na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá ma ọ bụ ụlọ nri. <ref name="Battersby2012"/> Nkewa na ngagharị a na-edugakwa na ọtụtụ ndị Afrịka dara ogbenye na-azụ ahịa ihe nri n'ebe na-abụghị obodo ha. Nnyocha e mere na Soweto, Johannesburg na 2004 gosiri na ọtụtụ ndị ogbenye bi n'obodo mepere emepe na-emefu ihe dị ka pasenti 50 nke mmefu ha n'ebe ndị na-abụghị obodo ha bi. <ref name=":6"/> ==== Mmetụta ==== Nnyocha mbata na mmefu nke afọ 1995 e mere na South Africa tụlere ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị nchekwa nri obodo mepere emepe nke pasentị 27, n'ihe metụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ ime obodo nke pasenti 62. <ref>Central Statistical Service. "Income and Expenditure Survey 1995." DataFirst. N.p., 25 Oct. 2012. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/264</ref> Nnyocha ndị e mesịrị dị ka nyocha nke oriri oriri nke mba nke 1999 <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Labadarios|first=D|year=2007|title=The National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS): South Africa, 1999|url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/13751/1/copy_of_PHN_2005_NFCS.pdf|journal=Public Health Nutrition|volume=8|issue=5|pages=533–543|doi=10.1079/PHN2005816|pmid=16153334}}</ref> na South African Social Attitudes Survey nke 2008 n'adabereghị n'ụkpụrụ enweghị nchekwa nri obodo ka ọ bụrụ ihe dịka ọkara nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ime obodo. <ref>Human Sciences Research Council. "South African Social Attitudes Survey 2008." DataFirst. N.p., 1 July 2014. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20240401164021/https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/488</ref> Nnyocha 2000 mere na ime obodo Eastern Cape, ime obodo Western Cape na obodo [[Cape Town]] tụlere ụkọ nri dị pasenti 83, 69, na 81, n'otu n'otu. Nnyocha a tụlere ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo mepere emepe n'Africa karịa ikesa ọchịchọ nke ndị bi na-eji isi nri nri eme ihe n'ụzọ nkịtị dịka ọrụ ugbo na ahịa mpaghara. <ref name="Battersby2012"/> ===== Ọnụ ego ===== Tụnyere ndị bi na mpaghara ndị nwere nnukwu ego, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ọha na eze dị ala (SES) na-enwekarị nri dị elu na anụ na nri edoziri yana obere mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri. O yikarịrị ka ha ga-azụta abụba na shuga dị ọnụ ala n'elu mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri ọhụrụ ndị dị ọnụ karịa kalori kwa calorie. <ref name="Story09">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090926|pmid=18031223|title=Creating Healthy Food and Eating Environments: Policy and Environmental Approaches|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=29|pages=253–72|year=2008|author=Story|first=Mary}}</ref> <ref name="The New York Times">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/health/research/pairing-of-food-deserts-and-obesity-challenged-in-studies.html|title=Studies Question the Pairing of Food Deserts and Obesity|date=17 April 2012|work=The New York Times|author=Kolata|first=Gina}}</ref> Ná nkezi, nri ndị nwere ume na-eri naanị $1.76 kwa calorie 1,000, ma e jiri ya tụnyere $18.16 kwa calorie 1,000 maka nri ndị na-edozi ahụ dị ala. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jada.2007.09.009|pmid=18060892|title=The Rising Cost of Low-Energy-Density Foods|journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association|volume=107|issue=12|pages=2071–6|year=2007|author=Monsivais|first=Pablo}}</ref> Nke a bụ otu ihe kpatara na ndị na-enweghị ego na ndị pere mpe na-enwekarị mmasị na oke ibu, ọrịa shuga na ọrịa obi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foodispower.org/food-deserts/|title=Food Deserts|publisher=Food Empowerment Project|accessdate=July 14, 2017}}</ref> ===== Ụlọ nri ===== Atụmatụ ịwụ nri bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke amụma ọ bụghị naanị New York, mana obodo ndị ọzọ dịka Chicago, Toronto na Cincinnati. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Nevin|author=Cohen|date=April 24, 2017|title=Growing a Regional Food Shed in New York: Lessons from Chicago, Toronto and Cincinnati|publisher=City University of New York Urban Food Policy Institute|url=http://www.cunyurbanfoodpolicy.org/news/2017/4/19/regional-food-in-other-cities|accessdate=July 20, 2017|archivedate=July 28, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728040653/http://www.cunyurbanfoodpolicy.org/news/2017/4/19/regional-food-in-other-cities}}</ref> Mahadum Columbia's 2010 New York City Regional Foodshed Initiative wepụtara iji nyochaa ikike imepụta nri mpaghara nke Mpaghara Obodo dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ iji kwalite nnweta nri dị ọnụ ala na ahụike na mpaghara niile. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Vanessa Espaillat|author=Bonnelly|date=January 28, 2010|title=The New York City Regional Foodshed|url=http://urbandesignlab.columbia.edu/projects/food-and-the-urban-environment/nyc-regional-food-shed-initiative/|publisher=Columbia University The Earth Institute Urban Design Lab|accessdate=July 20, 2017|archivedate=April 5, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405112304/http://urbandesignlab.columbia.edu/projects/food-and-the-urban-environment/nyc-regional-food-shed-initiative/}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ọrụ na-abawanye nnweta nri dị ọnụ ala dị mma site n'ịmepụta ahịa obodo, ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo, ụgbọ ala nri ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa, na ọrụ ugbo obodo. <ref name="VerPloeg2009">{{Cite book|author=Ver Ploeg|first=Michele|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChwzY1-x_6QC|title=Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their Consequences: Report to Congress|publisher=DIANE Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4379-2134-2}}</ref> ====== Ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo ====== Ụfọdụ mmegharị nri na-ekwu na nri a na-akụ n'ime obodo n'ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo dị elu karịa nke a na-emekarị n'ụlọ ahịa. <ref name="Donovan">{{Cite journal|title=Best Practices & Challenges for Farmers Market Incentive Programs: A Guide for Policymakers & Practitioners|journal=The Graduate Journal of Food Studies|url=https://gradfoodstudies.org/2016/06/30/best-practices-challenges-for-farmers-market-incentive-programs-a-guide-for-policymakers-practitioners/|volume=1|year=2016|author=Donovan|first=Jeanie}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ahịa ndị a na-adịkarị ọnụ maka mmefu ego. <ref name="pmid22005633">{{Cite journal|pmid=22005633|year=2011|author=Leone|first=A. F.|title=Store type and demographic influence on the availability and price of healthful foods, Leon County, Florida, 2008|journal=Preventing Chronic Disease|volume=8|issue=6|pages=A140}}</ref> Mmemme gọọmentị dị ka SNAP na WIC na-ejikọkarị aka na ndị otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-enye ndị nwere obere ego aka ịzụrụ ihe n'ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo. [80] <ref name="Donovan" /> N'ime ime obodo Bertie County, ógbè kacha daa ogbenye na North Carolina, ndị otu obodo na njikọ otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọha haziri ma wuo pavilion ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi maka ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo mpaghara. ====== Ubi obodo ======   Ntinye aka na obodo na ntinye aka nke otu obodo na ọrụ afọ ofufo nwere ike imeziwanye irè nke ụgbụ nchekwa nri yana ngwọta ndị ọzọ dị ka ubi obodo ( ''dịka'', lee Ọrụ ugbo obodo na West Oakland ). <ref name="smithmorton">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jneb.2008.06.008|pmid=19411051|title=Rural Food Deserts: Low-income Perspectives on Food Access in Minnesota and Iowa|journal=Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior|volume=41|issue=3|pages=176–87|year=2009|author=Smith|first=Chery}}</ref> ===== Ụlọ ahịa ịntanetị =====   Ụlọ ọrụ steeti na gọọmentị etiti dị na New York mepụtara mmemme iji nye ndị nnata stampụ nri ohere ịzụta nri na-edozi ahụ n'ịntanetị maka nnyefe ụlọ. N'oge ọdịda nke 2016 a malitere mmemme pilot na njikọ ụlọ ọrụ na-ebuga nri, FreshDirect, maka koodu zip abụọ na Bronx. Olileanya bụ na nnyefe nri n'ịntanetị nwere ike iwepụ ọzara nri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foodstamps.org/articles/article/2014/04/11/use-your-ebt-to-shop-for-groceries-online|title=Use Your EBT to Shop for Groceries Online|author=FoodStamps|work=www.foodstamps.org|accessdate=2016-11-08|archivedate=2018-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211193223/http://www.foodstamps.org/articles/article/2014/04/11/use-your-ebt-to-shop-for-groceries-online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freshdirect.com/browse.jsp?id=about_ebt|title=FreshDirect – About EBT at FreshDirect|work=FreshDirect|accessdate=2016-12-11}}</ref> ===== Agụmakwụkwọ =====   Nnyocha na-egosi na ọzara nri abụghị ezigbo nsogbu, omume iri nri bụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/takes-grocery-store-eliminate-food-desert/|title=Why it takes more than a grocery store to eliminate a 'food desert'|work=PBS NewsHour|accessdate=2017-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ezie, otu nnyocha chọpụtara na 89.3% nke ndị mmadụ n'otu obodo nwere "mmasị nke ukwuu" ma ọ bụ "mmasị" na agụmakwụkwọ maka ịkwadebe nhọrọ nri ka mma. <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.298|title=Community Food Assessment in an Urban Food Desert|journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association|volume=111|issue=9|pages=A82|year=2011|author=Braunstein|first=N.S.}}</ref> Ụzọ iji kwalite agụmakwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi gbasara nri na ahụike nke gọọmenti etiti gụnyere <ref name=":0"/> [http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-education-snap-ed SNAP Education (SNAP-Ed)] na [https://nifa.usda.gov/program/expanded-food-and-nutrition-education-program-efnep Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Programme (EFNEP)] . == Hụkwa ==  <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> * [[Agroecology]] * [[Banking desert|Ọzara ụlọ akụ]] * [[Book desert|Akwụkwọ ọzara]] * [[Food choice|Nhọrọ nri]] * [[Food choice of older adults|Nhọrọ nri nke ndị okenye]] * [[Food desert|Ọzara nri]] * [[Food Empowerment Project|Ọrụ nkwado nri]] * [[Food safety|Nchekwa nri]] * [[Food security|Nchekwa nri]] * [[Nutrition|Nri nri]] * [[Supermarket shortage|ụkọ ụlọ ahịa]] </div> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * [https://www.msu.edu/~howardp/FoodEnvironmentBibliography.html Akwukwo akwukwo edeputara na gburugburu nri] * [http://richmondfamilymagazine.com/rfm-community/food-deserts-rest-rva-shopping-story/ Ọzara nri na Richmond, CA] * Archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721022637/http://justfood.org/advocacy/what-is-food-justice nri] </link> * [https://forage.berkeley.edu/ Nri mepere emepe] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 847389ngchdqm91vszxr4gh2upnj32q 0 40056 688099 672705 2026-07-14T19:16:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:State_Housing_in_Oranga,_Auckland,_1947.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| N'ime oge etiti na mgbe agha gasịrị, gọọmentị ndị nọchiri anya ha kwadoro nnukwu mmemme ụlọ nke steeti .]] '''Ịda ogbenye na New Zealand''' na-ekwu maka ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye dị na [[New Zealand]] na nha ya. N'agbata 1982 na 2011, nnukwu ngwaahịa ụlọ New Zealand toro site na 35%. <ref name="NZ income gap at crisis level">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/9182609/NZ-income-gap-at-crisis-level-author|title=NZ income gap at crisis level|publisher=[[Stuff.co.nz]]|date=19 September 2013}}</ref> Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke mmụba ahụ bụ otu obere ìgwè bụ́ ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ná mba ahụ. N'ime oge a, nkezi ego nke 10% kacha elu nke ndị na-enweta ego na New Zealand (ndị na-enweta ihe karịrị $72,000) <ref name="NZ income gap at crisis level" /> fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ na-esi na $56,300 ruo $100,200. Nkezi ego nke ụzọ iri kacha daa ogbenye ji naanị 13% gbagoro site na $9700 ruo $11,000. <ref name="Paradise for a few">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10892133|title=Paradise for a few|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=22 June 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015505/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10892133 "Paradise for a few"]. [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New Zealand|The New Zealand Herald]]. 22 June 2013.</cite></ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ sitere na 2016 na-egosi na ihe dịka 15% nke ndị bi na-ebi na ịda ogbenye, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 9% na 1980s, na 22% na 2004. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ndị Statistics New Zealand kwadoro na-eto eto enweghị ahaghị nhata nke na-eji usoro P80/20 na-edobe oke ego ha nwetara. Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnukwu ego ezinụlọ (ndị nọ na pasenti 80) na obere ego ezinụlọ (ndị dị na pasent 20). Oke ahaghị nhatanha mụbara n'etiti 1988 na 2004, wee belata ruo mgbe mmalite nke nsogbu ego zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2008, na-abawanye ọzọ ruo 2011 wee na-agbada ọzọ site na mgbe ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2013, ego a na-atụfu ego nke ezinaụlọ nwere nnukwu ego ji okpukpu abụọ na ọkara buru ibu karịa nke ezinụlọ ndị nwere obere ego. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/snapshots-of-nz/nz-progress-indicators/Home/Social/income-inequality.aspx|title=New Zealand Progress Indicators:Income inequality|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|date=August 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014}}</ref> N'ịkọwapụta ọdịiche ahụ, 1% kachasị elu nke ndị bi na ya nwere 16% nke akụ na ụba obodo - 5% kasị baa ọgaranya nwere 38% <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=11347301|title=Brian Fallow: Wealth gap goes mainstream|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=2 April 2024|archivedate=25 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625012752/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=11347301}}</ref> - ebe ọkara ndị bi na ya, gụnyere ndị na-erite uru na ndị na-erite uru na steeti na ndị ezumike nka, na-enweta ihe na-erughị $24,000. <ref name="NZ income gap at crisis level"/> == Ịda ogbenye == Na narị afọ nke 21 nchegbu na-eto eto na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị New Zealand, karịsịa ụmụaka, abanyela na ịda ogbenye ebe a na-akọwa ịda ogbenye na ego dị ka ezinụlọ na-ebi n'okpuru 60% nke ego etiti obodo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.childpoverty.co.nz/|title=Child Poverty Monitor|work=Childpoverty.co.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> Na 2005, otu akụkọ mba ụwa chọpụtara na otu onye n’ime ụmụaka isii nọ na New Zealand na-etolite na ịda ogbenye - na-eme ka ụmụaka New Zealand bụrụ nke 23 kasị daa ogbenye n’ime mba 26 bara ọgaranya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10113242|title=NZ's child poverty rate one of highest|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=2 March 2005|accessdate=2 April 2024|archivedate=25 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625012751/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10113242}}</ref> Na 2009 dịka NCCSS siri kwuo, ihe karịrị ọkara nde ndị New Zealand, gụnyere ụmụaka 163,000 nọ na ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzccss.org.nz/site/page.php?page_id=276|title=Facts About Poverty in 2009|publisher=New Zealand Council of Christian Social Services|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119161743/http://www.nzccss.org.nz/site/page.php?page_id=276}}</ref> Otu Ndụmọdụ Ọkachamara nke Kọmishọna Ụmụaka hiwere chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka na-ada n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ anọgidewo na-eto eto. N'afọ 2013, ihe dị ka ụmụaka 265,000, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụmụaka niile nọ na New Zealand, 'na-ada ogbenye ugbu a'. <ref name="stuff.co.nz">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9492016/One-in-four-Kiwi-children-living-in-poverty|title=One in four Kiwi children living in poverty|publisher=[[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]|date=9 December 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9492016/One-in-four-Kiwi-children-living-in-poverty "One in four Kiwi children living in poverty"]. [[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]. 9 December 2013.</cite></ref> Statistics New Zealand na-ebipụtakwa ọtụtụ data gbasara ọdịmma akụ na ụba nke New Zealanders na, na 2012, wepụtara akwụkwọ mkparịta ụka na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka nkwekọrịta gọọmentị na mmepe nke njirisi bara uru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị metụtara ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Working-papers/Statistics-NZ-Measuring-Child-Poverty-final.pdf|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|title=Measuring child poverty in New Zealand: Issues and practicalities, Paper prepared for the Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926160714/https://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Working-papers/Statistics-NZ-Measuring-Child-Poverty-final.pdf}}</ref> Ugbu a ozi a na-anakọta bụ 'data static' - ọ na-egosi pasentị ụmụ amaala n'okpuru ọkwa ụfọdụ nke ego. Mana New Zealand bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'etiti mba ọdịda anyanwụ OECD n'ihi na ọ naghị anakọta data 'dynamic' nke na-ejide ókè ndị mmadụ na-abanye na ịda ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/2397303-mcop-tr-data-on-poverty-in-nz.pdf|title=Data on Poverty in New Zealand|publisher=[[New Zealand Treasury]]|accessdate=2018-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113115218/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/2397303-mcop-tr-data-on-poverty-in-nz.pdf|archivedate=2015-01-13}}</ref> Na 2013 ihe karịrị iri na abụọ akụkọ dị iche iche e wepụtara bụ ndị lekwasịrị anya n'okwu a na mkpa ọ dị ịzụlite ụzọ ekwekọrịtara iji kọwaa na tụọ ịda ogbenye. <ref name="maxim">{{Cite web|url=http://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/1407/Maxim_Institute_Poverty_Issues_Paper.pdf|title=The Heart of Poverty|author=Kieran Madden|publisher=Maxim Institute}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Gọọmenti Mba guzogidere mgbalị ndị a na-ekwusi ike na "arụmụka na-adịghị agwụ agwụ banyere nkọwa na nha bụ igbu oge". <ref name="maxim" /> N'ihi na Gọọmenti enweghị mmasị ịkọwa na tụọ nsogbu ahụ, na 2012 Commissioner Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills, guzobere otu ndị ọkachamara ndụmọdụ nke mepụtara akụkọ zuru oke, nke a na-akpọ ''Solutions to Child Poverty na New Zealand: Evidence for Action'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Final-report/Final-report-Solutions-to-child-poverty-evidence-for-action.pdf|title=Solutions to Child Poverty in New Zealand: Evidence for Action|work=Occ.org.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> nke nwere ndụmọdụ 78. ịlụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ. Dọkịnta Wills guzobekwara otu ''Child Poverty Monitor'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.childpoverty.co.nz/|title=Child Poverty Monitor|work=Childpoverty.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> iji gosi ọnọdụ ibi ndụ ụmụaka na New Zealand na-aga n'ihu. <ref name="stuff.co.nz"/> == Uto na ọnụọgụgụ na ọdịmma == Ihe ndị na-enye aka na uto na ahaghị nhata gụnyere mbelata dị ukwuu n'ụtụ ụtụ isi ego na 1986-88 yana mmụba nke enweghị ọrụ nke Rogernomics kpatara na mkpọka ahịa ngwaahịa nke 1987 bụ nke kpaliri ọtụtụ mmadụ na ọdịmma. <ref name="The New Zealand Herald">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11253734|title=The equality debate: Inequality in NZ under spotlight|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=13 May 2014|accessdate=2 April 2024|archivedate=21 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921095641/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11253734}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921095641/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11253734 "The equality debate: Inequality in NZ under spotlight"]. [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New Zealand|The New Zealand Herald]]. 13 May 2014.</cite></ref> Mgbe ahụ na 1991, e belatara uru elele dị ka akụkụ nke mgbanwe ndị ahụ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma na-adọga kemgbe ahụ. Prọfesọ Jonathan Boston nke Mahadum Victoria kwuru na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 20% nke ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye na New Zealand na-adabere ugbu a na uru ọdịmma. Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịiche na-arịwanye elu n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye na-enyere ndị ọgaranya aka "ịmepụta mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ezighị ezi", na "ọ bụrụ na a gaghị ewepụ ụmụ amaala dara ogbenye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ha ga-enwerịrị ohere agụmakwụkwọ, nlekọta ahụike na enyemaka ọha na eze". <ref name="Paradise for a few"/> Ndị ọkà mmụta ọrịa na Britain, Richard Pickett na Kate Wilkinson, na-arụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/|title=The Spirit Level for New Zealand|author=Paul Barber|publisher=“Closer Together” NZCCSS|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032923/http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/}}</ref> Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etiti ụmụ amaala na-eduga ná nkewa na nkewa nke ọha mmadụ. Nke a na-eme ka ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na mmekọrịta ọha na eze ka njọ dịka oke ọnwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ, oke ibu, ime afọ iri na ụma, mpụ na mkpọrọ. <ref name="The New Zealand Herald"/> == Mmetụta na ihe ngosi ọha mmadụ == Na 2014, a kpọrọ Pickett na Wilkinson na Auckland na Dunedin ka ha kparịta mkpa nyocha ha na New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/campus/university-otago/303256/spirit-level-authors-speak-dunedin|title='Spirit Level' authors to speak in Dunedin|publisher=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=23 May 2014}}</ref> Ha rụrụ ụka na ka enweghị ahaghị nhata na New Zealand na-eto eto, enweela mmụba dị ịrịba ama na ndị ntorobịa igbu onwe ha, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wasserman|first=Danuta|date=1 June 2005|title=Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19|journal=World Psychiatry|volume=4|issue=2|pmid=16633527|pages=114–20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/4873/|title=Rogernomics and Rupture: Huntly's Response to the Corporatisation of State Coal Mines in 1987.|first=Dillon, Helena|author=Joy|date=24 January 2018|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na n'ụzọ dị iche, data Ngalaba Ahụike na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye nke afọ na-ebelata site na 19.5% site na. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ọnwụ 15.1 n'ime 100,000 bi na 1998 ruo 12.2 ọnwụ n'ime 100,000 bi na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/suicide-facts-deaths-and-intentional-self-harm-hospitalisations-2012|title=Suicide Facts: Deaths and intentional self-harm hospitalisations 2012|work=Health.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> Mmụba nke ụlọ akụ nri mụbara nke ukwuu; <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ballard|first=Keith|title=Inclusion, exclusion, poverty, racism and education: An outline of some present issues|date=2003-10-14|url=http://www.ihc.org.nz/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=I0%2BuArQ9M8w%3D&tabid=1474&mid=2384|format=DOC}}</ref> na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ na ụmụaka bi na ịda ogbenye abawanyela. Agbanyeghị mpụ ndị kpatara mmerụ ahụ na ọnwụ ji 20% belata n'etiti 2012 na 2014, ebe mwakpo ahụ ji 3% belata n'otu oge ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-calendar-year-ending-31-december-2014|title=Crime Statistics for calendar year ending 31 December 2014|work=Police.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018|archivedate=25 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015446/http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-calendar-year-ending-31-december-2014}}</ref> N'otu oge ahụ, mmefu nlekọta ahụike abawanyela. N'afọ 2011, mmefu ahụike ruru 10% nke GDP, karịa nkezi OECD nke 9.3%. Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ mba OECD, mmefu ahụike na New Zealand belatara post-GFC mana ọ ka ruru 3% n'ezie na 2010 na 2011 - dị elu karịa nkezi OECD. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010|title=Health Expenditure Trends in New Zealand 2000–2010|work=Health.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018|archivedate=25 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015232/http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010}}</ref> na 2012 New Zealand nwere ndị dọkịta 2.7 n'ime mmadụ 1,000, na-abawanye site na 2.2 n'afọ 2000. Enweghị ahaghị nhata akụ na ụba na New Zealand, tụrụ site na [[Gini coefficient|ọnụọgụ Gini]], guzo na 0.34 dị ka nke June 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Household income and housing-cost statistics: Year ended June 2019|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/household-income-and-housing-cost-statistics-year-ended-june-2019|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|accessdate=18 March 2020}}</ref> Na 2012, atụmanya ndụ mgbe a mụrụ na New Zealand guzoro na 81.5 afọ, ihe karịrị otu afọ dị elu karịa nkezi OECD nke afọ 80.2. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-NEW-ZEALAND-2014.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092612/http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-NEW-ZEALAND-2014.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref> == Mmetụta na uto == Na December 2014, OECD wepụtara Global Income Inequality Report nke kwuru na "[r] ising inequality a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ kwụsịrị ihe karịrị pasent 10 na ... New Zealand" n'etiti 1990 na 2010. <ref name="oecd inequality">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/5jxrjncwxv6j.pdf?expires=1418160560&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=C3C4CD08DF711FBA4B149003872BA1E3|title=OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 163 – Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth|author=Federico Cingano|publisher=[[OECD]]|accessdate=11 December 2014|date=December 2014}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ achọpụtaghị ihe àmà na-egosi na atumatu redistribution, dị ka ụtụ isi na uru ọha na eze, na-emerụ ọganihu akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụrụhaala na e mere atụmatụ ndị a nke ọma, ezubere iche ma tinye ya n'ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/world/oecd-income-inequality-gap-widest-in-30-years-2014120914#axzz3LWtOgi7b|title=OECD income inequality gap widest in 30 years|publisher=[[TV3 News]]|date=9 December 2014|accessdate=24 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211001408/http://www.3news.co.nz/world/oecd-income-inequality-gap-widest-in-30-years-2014120914#axzz3LWtOgi7b|archivedate=11 December 2014}}</ref> O kwubiri na "ilekwasị anya naanị na uto na iche na uru ya ga-adaba na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike imebi ọganihu n'ikpeazụ." <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11371860|title=Income inequality stunts NZ growth – OECD|work=NZ Herald|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=10 December 2014}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Foodbank Canterbury * Enweghị ebe obibi na New Zealand == Edensibia == arụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etitiarụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/|title=The Spirit Level for New Zealand|author=Paul Barber|publisher=“Closer Together” NZCCSS|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032923/http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/}}</ref> Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etiti{{Reflist}}{{Oceania topic|Poverty in}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] caq4nl0de9l9nqun7wqv8bcqc0i17nt 0 41124 688162 458858 2026-07-14T23:53:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ndị ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik''' ( '''CRS''' ) bụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka mba ụwa nke obodo Katọlik na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] . Ndị Bishọp United States tọrọ ntọala na 1943, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enyere mmadụ nde 130 aka n'ihe karịrị mba na ókèala 110 na [[Afrịka|Africa]], [[Asia]], Latin America, Middle East na [[Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke|Eastern Europe]] . Onye otu Caritas International, netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik, CRS na-enye enyemaka na mberede ma na-enyere ndị nọ n'ụwa na-emepe emepe aka imebi usoro ịda ogbenye site na obodo, mmepe mmepe na-adịgide adịgide yana Peacebuilding . Enyemaka dabere naanị na mkpa, ọ bụghị agbụrụ, nkwenye ma ọ bụ obodo. Ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ Posner dị na Baltimore, Maryland, ebe ọ na-arụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ubi na kọntinent ise. CRS nwere ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ 5,000 gburugburu ụwa. Ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-achị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site n'aka ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ nke nwere ndị ụkọchukwu 13 (ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị bishọp) na ndị nkịtị iri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crs.org/about/board-directors|publisher=Catholic Relief Services|title=CRS Executives|date=10 September 2015|accessdate=2017-01-04|archivedate=2017-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105085102/http://www.crs.org/about/board-directors}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Na mbụ tọrọ ntọala dị ka Ọrụ Enyemaka Agha, ebumnuche mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ inyere ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nke Europe agha tisasịrị aka. Nchikota nke ihe omume n'etiti 1950s-njedebe nke ọchịchị colonial n'ọtụtụ mba, nkwado na-aga n'ihu nke obodo Katọlik America na nnweta nri na ego sitere na Gọọmenti US - nyeere CRS aka ịgbasa ọrụ. A gbanwere aha ya na ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik na 1955, na n'ime afọ 10 sochirinụ, ọ mepere mmemme obodo 25 na Africa, Asia, Latin America na Middle East. N'Eshia, CRS nyere ndị agha ndị agha Republic of Vietnam nri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=32-130-696|title=African Activist Archive}}</ref> Onye isi nchịkwa CRS n'ime oge a (1947–1976) bụ Bishọp Edward E. Swanstrom . <ref name="History">{{Cite web|url=http://www.crs.org/about/history/|publisher=Catholic Relief Services|title=Catholic Relief Services History|year=2013|accessdate=June 18, 2013|archivedate=July 10, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710160853/http://crs.org/about/history/}}</ref> Otu n’ime ndị ọrụ enyemaka bụ́ isi n’afọ ndị mbụ ahụ bụ Fada Fabian Flynn, CP, bụ́ onye duziri mgbalị ha na Germany, [[Austria]], na Hungary. <ref>Sean Brennan ''The Priest who put Europe Back Together: The Life of Father Fabian Flynn, CP'' (Washington, DC: The [[Catholic University of America Press]], 2018)</ref> Ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-etolite, ihe mmemme ya na-elekwasị anya, na-eme mgbanwe iji gboo mkpa nke Chọọchị Katọlik mgbe [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] gasịrị na ọnọdụ nke ndị ọ zutere. N'afọ ndị 1970 na 1980, mmemme malitere dị ka ikesa nri, uwe na ọgwụ dị mfe nye ndị ogbenye malitere na mmepe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1980s, nlekọta ahụike, mmụta ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, obere ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ugbo abụrụla isi ihe na-elekwasị anya na mmemme CRS. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2013)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> N'etiti 1990s, CRS nwere mgbanwe dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ. N'afọ 1993, ndị ọrụ CRS malitere usoro atụmatụ atụmatụ iji kọwapụta ozi na njirimara nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, mgbuchapụ 1994 na [[Rwanda]] - nke e gburu ihe karịrị mmadụ 800,000 - mere ka ndị ọrụ CRS nyochaa otú ha si mejuputa mmemme enyemaka na mmepe ha, karịsịa n'ebe ndị nwere nsogbu ma ọ bụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke esemokwu agbụrụ. Mgbe oge ntụgharị uche nke ụlọ ọrụ gasịrị, CRS nakweere ọhụụ nke ịdị n'otu zuru ụwa ọnụ ma tinye uche na ikpe ziri ezi n'ime mmemme ya niile, na-eji nkuzi mmekọrịta ọha na eze Katọlik dịka ntuziaka. <ref name="History"/> === Na United States === Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ewepụtakwala itinye aka na ndị Katọlik na United States ihe kacha mkpa. N'afọ 2018, CRS kere ngalaba ọhụrụ raara nye mgbasa ozi a akpọrọ "Mission and Mobilisation." Ndị otu CRS Chapter na-akwadokwa Mgbasa Ozi na Mkpọkọta Ọhụrụ Lead the Way na Agụụ na Duru Ụzọ na Mgbasa Ozi Mbugharị. Otu ụzọ kacha ochie maka ndị Katọlik US iji kwado nzukọ a bụ site na CRS Rice Bowl. Tọrọ ntọala na 1977, ọtụtụ nde ndị parish, ụmụ akwụkwọ, na ndị nkuzi sonyere na mmemme Lenten nke CRS, nke na-emesi ekpere ike, ibu ọnụ, mmụta, na inye ihe. Akụrụngwa na-enye ekpere kwa ụbọchị, ntụziaka maka nri dị mfe na akụkọ na-akụzi banyere ndụ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. A na-eji efere ahụ n'onwe ya, akara nke ma agụụ na olileanya, na-anakọta ego maka ndị nọ ná mkpa. Pasent iri asaa na ise nke ego welitere mmemme nkwado na Africa, Eshia, na Latin America - dị ka inye nri, ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na igbo mkpa ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/four-looming-famines-highlight-need-for-crs-rice-bowl|title=Four Looming Famines Highlight Need for CRS Rice Bowl}}</ref> Pasent iri abụọ na ise fọdụrụnụ nọ na dayọsis maka ọrụ ịda ogbenye na ibelata agụụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crsricebowl.org/about|title=About CRS Rice Bowl &#124; CRS Rice Bowl|date=7 October 2015}}</ref> Ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-eduga na United States Global Leadership Coalition, otu Washington DC na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ 400 na ndị NGO na-akwado maka ịba ụba ego nke diplomatic diplomatic America na mgbalị mmepe ná mba ọzọ. <ref>[http://www.usglc.org/about/our-coalition U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, Global Trust members]</ref> == Nzaghachi mberede ==   === Ajọ Ifufe Maria === Na Septemba 2017, CRS zaghachiri na mbibi na-emebi emebi nke Hurricane Maria kpatara, oke ifufe nke 5 nke meriri ọtụtụ agwaetiti Caribbean, na-egbu ihe karịrị mmadụ 3,000 ma na-akpata ihe karịrị ijeri US $ 91. Ajọ Ifufe Maria, nke dara mpaghara ahụ n'ihe na-erughị izu abụọ ka Ajọ Ifufe Irma gasịrị, dara n'àgwàetiti [[Dominika|Dominica]] na ifufe debara aha ya ruru 160.&nbsp;mph. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ya na ndị mmekọ Caritas, CRS kesara ezinụlọ nọ na Cuba nri na ịdị ọcha 7,000, yana ihe karịrị ngwa 1,700 nye ezinụlọ ndị nọ na Dominican Republic . Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mba ụwa nke Ụka Katọlik US, CRS lekwasịrị anya na enyemaka enyemaka na Dominican Republic, Cuba na Antilles, ebe ụlọ ọrụ nwanne ya nwanyị, ndị ọrụ ebere Katọlik, na-eduzi enyemaka ndị ọ metụtara na United States na ókèala ya, gụnyere Puerto Rico na US. Virgin Islands. === Typhoon Mangkhut === Ihe karịrị mmadụ 600,000 nọ na Philippines metụtara Typhoon Mangkhut, bụ nke meriri agwaetiti ahụ na Septemba 2018. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde 1.6 ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọkụ azụ bụ oké ifufe ahụ metụtara, mba ahụ tụfuru n'etiti 80 na 90% nke osikapa na ọka. Obodo ndị dị anya siri ike ịbịarute na mbụ, n'ihi na irighiri ihe na mkpọda ala kpuchiri ọtụtụ ụzọ n'ofe mba ahụ. CRS jiri mbadamba mmiri dị ọcha na jerry zara maka ezinaụlọ na-echekwa n'ebe a na-achụpụ mmadụ na Benguet . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/catholic-groups-aid-philippines-in-wake-of-typhoon-mangkut-19687|title=Catholic groups aid Philippines in wake of Typhoon Mangkut|accessdate=2024-04-08|archivedate=2021-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116213825/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/catholic-groups-aid-philippines-in-wake-of-typhoon-mangkut-19687}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ lekwasịrị anya n'inye ebe mgbaba mberede, ngwa ịdị ọcha, na ịnyefe ego maka ndị kacha nwee mkpa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/15/reader-center/how-to-help-typhoon-victims.html|title=Typhoon Mangkhut: How to Help|work=The New York Times|date=15 September 2018|author=Mele|first=Christopher}}</ref> Na mmekorita ya na Caritas Philippines, CRS tinyere nnukwu ego na mbelata ihe egwu ọdachi na njikere maka obodo ndị dị na mba ahụ. === 2018 Sulawesi ala ọmajiji na tsunami === N'ọgwụgwụ Septemba 2018, ala ọmajiji ruru 7.5 dakwasịrị Sulawesi, Indonesia, kpalitere oke mmiri ozuzo, nke dara obodo Palu . Ejikọtara ọnụ, ihe omume abụọ ahụ kpatara ọnwụ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 4,300 ma mebie ihe karịrị ụlọ 70,000, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ puku mmadụ enweghị ebe obibi. Mmetụta mbụ nke ala ọma jijiji ahụ na mbufịt mbufịt kpatara ọdịda nke ahịrị ekwentị ma mebie ọdụ ụgbọ elu mpaghara, na-eme ka o siere ndị ọrụ enyemaka dị ka CRS ike ịzaghachi ozugbo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45704438|title=Indonesia earthquake and tsunami: Dead buried in mass grave|work=BBC News|date=October 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/world/asia/tsunami-palu-indonesia-earthquake.html|title=Tsunami and Earthquake in Indonesia Kill Nearly 400, Officials Say|work=The New York Times|date=28 September 2018|author=Paddock|first=Richard C.}}</ref> Mgbe ndị ọrụ CRS nwere ike iru ebe ndị siri ike na mba ahụ n'enweghị nsogbu, yana Caritas Indonesia, ha lekwasịrị anya n'inye nri, mmiri dị ọcha, ihe ụlọ, na ebe nchekwa mberede. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/crs-helps-victims-of-indonesia-earthquake-and-tsunami-49240|title=CRS helps victims of Indonesia earthquake and tsunami|accessdate=2024-04-08|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824081020/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/crs-helps-victims-of-indonesia-earthquake-and-tsunami-49240}}</ref> E nyere ihe karịrị ezinụlọ 6,000 ngwa mberede ndị a na mbụ. Akụkụ nke nzaghachi CRS lekwasịrị anya n'inye ezinaụlọ obodo aka ego, nke na-enyeghị ha ohere ịzụrụ ihe ndị dị mkpa dị oke mkpa, kamakwa kwado azụmahịa mpaghara n'oge nsogbu, na-enye ha ohere ka ha na-emeghe ma na-arụ ọrụ. === Cyclones Idai na Kenneth === Na mbido 2019, ndịda Afrịka butere ajọ ifufe azụ na azụ, Idai na Maachị na Kenneth n'April. Ejikọtara, ihe karịrị mmadụ 1,300 ka e gburu na ajọ ifufe ahụ butere ihe karịrị ijeri US $2.3. Igwe mmiri ozuzo a dakwasịrị mpaghara ndịda Afrịka nke enweelarị ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na oke idei mmiri sochiri ya. Cyclone Idai tojuru ihe karịrị 407,000 acres nke ala ubi na [[Mozambique]], na-eme ka ụkọ nri ka njọ maka mba ahụ. Mgbe Cyclone Idai kụsịrị, CRS na ndị mmekọ ụka dị n'ógbè ahụ nyere ebe mgbaba mberede na mpaghara ndị kacha sie ike, yana kesaa ihe mberede dị ka ngwa ịdị ọcha na mmiri dị ọcha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/world/cyclone-slams-africa-churches-aid-agencies-coordinate-response|title=As cyclone slams Africa, churches, aid agencies coordinate response|date=20 March 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/world/africa/how-to-help-cyclone-idai.html|title=Here's How You Can Help People Devastated by Cyclone Idai|work=The New York Times|date=21 March 2019|author=Beirne|first=Aodhan}}</ref> Cyclone Kenneth dara n'ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị, mebie obodo nile ma mee ka ihe karịrị mmadụ 150,000 nọ na Mozambique nanị enweghị ebe obibi. Igwe mmiri ozuzo nke abụọ mụbara ọnọdụ adịlarị dị ize ndụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ihe enyemaka mberede agwụla mgbe Cyclone Idai dakwasịrị mpaghara ahụ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, CRS so ndị ọchịchị ime obodo na Mozambique rụkọrọ ọrụ inye ezinaụlọ nọ na Pemba ebe obibi mberede, nri, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-azọpụta ndụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/earthbeat/aid-workers-struggle-reunite-kids-families-after-mozambique-cyclones|title=Aid workers struggle to reunite kids, families after Mozambique cyclones|date=7 May 2019}}</ref> == Esemokwu == Ndị otu Katọlik akatọọla ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik maka ụzọ ha si agụ akwụkwọ gbasara [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|mgbochi afọ ime]], ọkachasị [[condom]] . <ref>{{Cite news|title=CRS reviews allegations that educational materials breach church teaching|url=https://www.thebostonpilot.com/article.asp?ID=187073|work=www.thebostonpilot.com|language=en}}</ref> Na 2017, Catholic Relief Services nwara ịdọrọ mkpuchi ahụike maka otu nwoke na nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ nke otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ha nwoke, na-ekwu maka mmegide ha megide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị . Onye ọka ikpe gọọmenti etiti jụrụ arụmụka CRS na August 2022, na-ekwu maka ya dị ka ikpe nke ịkpa ókè mmekọahụ dị ka isiokwu VII si kwuo, nke gụnyekwara nchebe nke nhazi mmekọahụ . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Judge: Catholic Relief Services liable for gender bias, denial of same-sex benefits|url=https://thedailyrecord.com/2022/08/09/judge-catholic-relief-services-liable-for-gender-bias-denial-of-same-sex-benefits/|work=thedailyrecord.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Gay man wins lawsuit against Catholic employer who refused to give his husband health care benefits|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/08/gay-man-wins-lawsuit-catholic-employer-refused-give-husband-health-care-benefits/|work=lgbtqnation.com|language=en}}</ref> N'August 2023, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Maryland kpebiri 4–3 kwadoro CRS, na-achọpụta na iwu ọrụ Maryland enyeghị ihe nchebe doro anya maka nhazi mmekọahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Neill|first=Madeleine|title=Md. high court declines to extend sex discrimination protections to sexual orientation|url=https://thedailyrecord.com/2023/08/14/md-supreme-court-declines-to-extend-sex-discrimination-protections-to-sexual-orientation/|accessdate=August 14, 2023|work=The Daily Record|date=August 14, 2023}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * United States Conference of Catholic Bishops == Ihe ndetu == ụkọ nri ka njọ maka mba ahụ. Mgbe Cyclone Idai kụsịrị, CRS na ndị mmekọ ụka dị n'ógbè ahụ nyere ebe mgbaba mberede na mpaghara ndị kacha sie ike, yana kesaa ihe mberede dị ka ngwa ịdị ọcha na mmiri dịụkọ nri ka njọ maka mba ahụ. Mgbe Cyclone Idai kụsịrị, CRS na ndị mmekọ ụka dị n'ógbè ahụ nyere ebe mgbaba mberede na mpaghara ndị kacha sie ike, yana kesaa ihe mberede dị ka ngwa ịdị ọcha na mmiri dị{{Reflist|2}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Egan, Eileen. ''Ọrụ Enyemaka Katọlik: Afọ mmalite'' . NY: Ndị ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik, 1988. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-945356-00-5|0-945356-00-5]] * Egan, Eileen. ''Maka Onye Enweghị ọnụ ụlọ: Ihe nkiri sitere na ụwa gbara ọsọ ndụ'' . NY: Paulist Press, 1995. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8091-0473-3|0-8091-0473-3]] * USAID 1994. Nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi mbụ maka ọrụ enyemaka mgbanwe nri nke Katọlik na Philippines. USAID, Washington, DC. == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080129110000/http://www.give.org/seal.asp?ID=3411112008 Better Business Bureau/Wise Giving Alliance Charity Report on Catholic Relief Services] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921143244/http://blogcritics.org/archives/2008/09/20/190356.php Article titled Catholic Relief Services: Helping Children Since World War II] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iyvgpdheh253ahdcrr1st49v11qzg0j 0 41555 688095 159430 2026-07-14T17:45:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688095 wikitext text/x-wiki Belfast Charitable Society, hiwere na 1752, bụ ọrụ ebere Belfast kacha ochie.  Ọ na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ ya site na Clifton House nke ọha mmadụ mepere, na mbụ dị ka ụlọ ogbenye obodo na ụlọ ọgwụ, na 1774. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Our Founding Fathers – Belfast Charitable Society|url=https://belfastcharitablesociety.org/our-founding-fathers/|accessdate=2021-07-06|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207034603/https://belfastcharitablesociety.org/our-founding-fathers/}}</ref> N'afọ 1752, otu ndị isi ahaha Belfast [1] na "ihe dara ogbenye na ụlọ ọgwụ na-achọsi ike na Belfast maka nkwado nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ezigbo ihe nhọrọ na parish a, maka ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ na-  Aka uru na-agbakọta na ya. site n'ụdị nile nke North, na maka ndị ogbenye na ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa".  [2] [2] [4] Mmụba nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri obodo na ụlọ akwa na-nị ndị ogbenye, ndị na-enwekarị ụkọ, ndị ọrụ na kpà ha, sitere na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu.  Burges nke obodo ahụ, ndị achịra ndị Earls (mgbe e ịhụ Marquesses), nke Donegall, eme obere ihe ma ọ bụ onyinye iji biri ha na-enwekarị. Ndị otu ahụ welitere ego site na ndụ lọtrị na ndenye aha na, na-esochi nke iwu sitere n'aka ndị omeiwu, [1] meghere ọnụ ụzọ Clifton House na 1774. Ewubere n'ala nke Arthur Chichester nyere, Marquess mbụ nke  Donegall nke dị na nstụtụ ugwu nke obodo ahụ, ọ na ụlọ ụlọ ogbenye mmadụ 36 na ụlọ ọgwụ akwa 24. <ref>{{Cite book|author=O'Regan|first=Raymond|title=Hidden Belfast|publisher=Mercier|year=2010|isbn=9781856356831|location=Dublin|pages=139–142}}</ref>Ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụghị okwu maka ọha mmadụ, 1786 ndị otu kewara site na mbụ nke abụọ n'ime "ndị nna ntọala" nke ebere ọrụ, Waddell Cunningham na Thomas Greg, [1] iji see n'otu ụlọ na  -azụ ohu Belfast.  [2] Ndị mmekọ ahụ nwere ala shuga n'agwaetiti Dominica, dị ka dibịa bekee na Poor House, Dr William Haliday mere.  [3] Nleta nke ohu na odee gbapụrụ agbapụ, Olaudah Equiano na 1791 mere ka oganiihu nke mmegide mkpochapụ n'obodo ahụ, nke onye isi ndị debanyere aha Society, Thomas McCabe, duziri. <ref>{{Cite web|author=House|first=Clifton|title=On This Day 1799: The Poor House is returned after the 1798 Rebellion|url=https://cliftonbelfast.com/on-this-day-1799-the-poor-house-is-returned-after-the-1798-rebellion/|accessdate=2021-07-06|work=Clifton House|language=en-US}}</ref>N'otu afɔ ahụ, ya na ndị debanyere aha na ndị na-ekpochapụ, Dr William Drennan, John Campbell White, William Tennant, Robert Simms na Samuel Neilson, McCabe Harris Society of United Irishmen .  N'ịkpọsa njikọ nke Protestant, Catholic na Dissenter ọ ọkụtu Ireland's Anglican Ascendancy (nke ndị ikike nke Lord Donegall nọchitere anya ya na Belfast) na nguzobe na Dublin nke ụdị ihete anya.  Ozi na sitere na Charitable Society na "mweghachi azụ" Ụdị Ụdị, mere ka nwee obi ike ike Clifden House n'oge nnupụisi 1798 dị ka akwụkwọ ndị agha.  Society eweghachiteghị iji ụlọ ahụ ruo 1800. <ref name="WorkHse">{{Cite web|title=Clifton House, Belfast|url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Belfast/|publisher=workhouses.org.uk|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>Dị ka mark na-eleta ụlọ dara ogbenye, na 1782 Drennan nwala ụdị kitịkpa dị iche iche, omume nke ịgbanye akpụkpọ ndị ahụ dị mma na kịtịkpa iji ọrịa ahụ ka njọ.  [1] Mgbe na 1800, Ndị ji Ogbenye ahụ me ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ n'ikike zuru oke, Society nyere Haliday ịgba ịgba ọgwụ kịtịkpa (nke Edward Jenner nke na-adịghị ize ndụ nke iji cowpx ) na ikike Ndị Ogbenye, ma ọ  nna na enwetara nke ndị nne na nna. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=McNeill|first=Mary|title=The Life and Times of Mary Ann McCracken, 1770–1866|date=1960|publisher=Allen Figgis & Co|location=Dublin|pages=257–260, 271–274}}</ref>Na 1827, na-esote na Belfast site n'aka onye na-eme mgbanwe ọha na eze Elizabeth Fry, Mary Ann McCracken (nwanne onye ndu nnupụisi ahụ e gburugburu, Henry Joy McCracken ) Kọmitii Ladies nke Belfast Charitable Society.  N'ihi mbọ kọmitii ahụ gbara, yana n'ihi na nke ọtụtụ ndị debanyere aha na ọha na eze, e hibere ụlọ akwụkwọ na ebe a na-elekọta umu maka ndị dara ogbenye.  McCracken siri ọnwụ na ndị nkuzi nwere oke mma na ikike iche yana oge egwuregwu nke egwu ga-eji oge ha eme ihe n'efu.  Ya na kọmitii ahụ guzobekwara usoro maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Mmụba dị ukwuu na Victorian Belfast dugara na ntọala nke otu ndị ọrụ enyemaka ndị ọzọ chọkwara ileba anya nhụsianya na site na 1882 nwa ikpeazụ hapụrụ Ụlọ Ogbenye. Site na narị afọ nke 20 Clifton House bụ ebe obibi na ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi. Mgbe Belfast Charitable Society mere mmemme ncheta afọ 250 ya na 2002, ha kpebiri iwu ụlọ ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi na Carlisle Circus dị nso. Nke a nyere ohere maka mmụgharị nke Clifton House. Ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agụnye ugbu a ebe obibi na ụlọ ebe obibi (nke Radius Housing na-arụ ọrụ) na ebe ihe nketa na ogbako nke Society na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About Clifton House – Belfast Charitable Society|url=https://belfastcharitablesociety.org/about-us/about-clifton-house/|accessdate=2021-07-06|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207023122/https://belfastcharitablesociety.org/about-us/about-clifton-house/}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Iwu ndị ogbenye Irish == Ihe ndetu == {{Reflist}} == Isi mmalite == * {{Cite book|author=McCabe|first=Ciarán|title=Begging, Charity and Religion in Pre-famine Ireland|date=2019|publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]]|isbn=978-1-78694-157-2|oclc=1101270031}} * {{Cite book|author=Owen|first=David John|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbelfast00owen/page/166/mode/1up|title=History of Belfast|date=1921|publisher=W. & G. Baird|location=Belfast|language=en|oclc=1046055401}} * {{Cite journal|author=Strain|first=R. W. M.|date=May 1953|title=The History and Associations of the Belfast Charitable Society|journal=[[The Ulster Medical Journal]]|volume=22|issue=1|pages=31–60|issn=0041-6193|pmid=13078026}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://belfastcharitablesociety.com/ Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] s53jkphabwj54wyetl9abhrrgviolc6 0 41586 688178 177155 2026-07-15T03:57:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Jersey General Hospital|org/group=[[Government of Jersey]]|logo=|logo_size=|image=General Hospital Jersey.JPG|image_size=|alt=|caption=The hospital in 2008|coordinates={{coord|49.1875|-2.1123|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}|location=The Parade, [[Saint Helier]], Jersey|healthcare=<!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private -->|funding=|type=General|religious_affiliation=|affiliation=[[University of Southampton School of Medicine]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Frequently asked questions |url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/medicine/undergraduate/study/faqs.page |website=University of Southampton |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=Yes|beds=219|speciality=|helipad=|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=<!-- up to h12 -->|publictransit=|former-names=|constructed=|opened=1793 <!-- cite in article as well -->|closed=|demolished=|website=<!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} -->|other_links=|module=}}Hospitallọ ọgwụ General Jersey dị na Saint Helier bụ naanị ụlọ ọgwụ dị n'agwaetiti Jersey .  Ọ nwere akwa 219. [[Usòrò:Hospital jersey.JPG|thumb]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jersey General Hospital, States of Jersey|url=http://www.wessexdeanery.nhs.uk/foundation_school/trust__employer_information/jersey.aspx|work=Wessex Deanery|accessdate=19 November 2018|archivedate=20 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120015149/http://www.wessexdeanery.nhs.uk/foundation_school/trust__employer_information/jersey.aspx}}</ref>A na-edobe ụmụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n' ọgwụ site na Wessex Deanery of Health Education England == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <ref>{{Cite web|title=General Hospital|url=https://www.theislandwiki.org/index.php/General_Hospital|work=The Island Wiki|accessdate=19 November 2018}}</ref>Na mbụ ọ bụ ụlọ ogbenye .  E ntọala ntọala ahụ na 1765 mana ndị agha ụlọ ụlọ ahụ na 1779 n'ihi na akara iwu n'agwaetiti ahụ.  Ejiri ya dị ka ụlọ ogbenye ụlọ ọgwụ site na 1793. E ji ọkụ bibie ụlọ ahụ nke ukwuu na 1859. Ruo 1868, mgbe e meghere ụlọ ọgwụ St Saviour, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka mgbapu ara ara .  </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="other wikis are considered unreliable (November 2022)">ka mma<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>isi iyi<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>achọrọ<nowiki></span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jersey's new-hospital plans to be scrapped and replaced with 'hybrid' model|url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/news/2022/11/01/jerseys-new-hospital-plans-to-be-scrapped-and-replaced-with-hybrid-model/|accessdate=17 November 2022|publisher=Jersey Evening Post|date=1 November 2022}}</ref>Enwere ike iji otu mgbasa ozi na Overdale ọnụ na £ 804 nde mana na Nọvemba 2022 a kọrọ na akwụkwọ a bụ ugbu a maka ụlọ ọgwụ General ngwakọ mgbasa ozi Gloucester Street dị, ala dị n'ụdị na Kensington Ebe.  na Overdale. == Ụlọ ọrụ == * Rheumatology * Ịmụ nwa * Ngalaba nlekọta pụrụ iche (SCBU) * Ngalaba mberede * Ọgwụ ụmụaka * Mmụpụta enyere aka * Ọrịa akpụkpọ anụ * Onyinye ọbara * Ntị, imi na akpịrị (ENT) * Endoscopy * Ọrịa obi * eze * Nri nri * Ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ * Renal * Ndochi nkwonkwo * Ebe nchekwa * Ọrịa akwara * Ọgwụgwọ ọrụ (OT) * Ụlọ ọgwụ mgbu * Usoro ọgwụgwọ okwu na asụsụ * Ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ (ICU) * Radiology <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jersey|first=States of|title=Government of Jersey|url=http://www.gov.je:80/Health/Hospitals/pages/default.aspx|accessdate=2023-02-19|work=gov.je|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 7na50u8oqrm9uyo77w3xas5qmbugchc 0 41657 688183 177111 2026-07-15T04:40:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:St Pancras Hospital, Camden - geograph.org.uk - 1560738.jpg|thumb]] Hospitallọ ọgwụ St Pancras bụ nke Camden na Islington NHS Foundation Trust na mpaghara St Pancras nke Central London, na nso Camden Town .  ọgwụ ọgwụ ahụ bụ n'ịgwọ ọrịa geriatric na nke uche == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <ref name="lost" /> E hiwere ụlọ ahụ dị ka ụlọ maka St Pancras Union Workhouse na 1848. [1] [2] ọgwụ ahụ nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ arụ ọrụ nke mbụ afụ nke 18. [3] Mgbe St Pancras North Infirmary meghere  na Highgate na 1869, ụlọ ọgwụ dị na St Pancras Way bịara mara dị ka St Pancras South Infirmary.  [1] Mgbe a kpọpụtara ụlọ ọgwụ North Infirmary Highgate ụlọ ọgwụ South ahụ ka ikiri St Pancras Hospital na 1920. <ref name="lost">{{Cite web|url=https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/stpancras.html|title=St Pancras Hospital|publisher=Lost Hospitals of London|accessdate=20 July 2018}}</ref>ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọrịa ebe akwụkwọ nọ n'ebe ahụ mbụ site na 1951 ruo 19 Mgbe98. [1] ụlọ ụlọ ọgwụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ụbọchị, St Pancras Old Church nyere ọrụ.  [2] N'ime 1990s ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bịara n'okpuru nke Camden na Islington NHS Foundation Trust Na Jenụwarị 1999, akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya kpughere mmegbu na Beach House, otu n'ime ngalaba geriatric nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, ebe ndị nọọsụ kụrụ ma kechie ndị ọrịa isi mgbakasị agadi, na ndị ọrụ ibe ha egwu agbụrụ na-eyi egwu ịkọ ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jan/23/sarahhall|title=Hospital's regime of abuse|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|first=Sarah|author=Hall|date=23 January 1999|accessdate=20 July 2018}}</ref> A chụrụ onye ọrịa na-edina ụfọdụ na February 2005 ma mechaa tigbuo ya.  [1] E ọgbara ọnụ ọgụgụ akwa ebido uche n'etiti 2007 na 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|title=HOME|url=https://www.theartsprojectlondon.com/|accessdate=2023-12-17|work=theartsproject|language=en}}</ref>N'ịbụ nke dị na mpaghara dị n'ọnụ ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọchịchị na St Pancras Hospital, The Arts Project, na-akwado nkwado ego sitere na NHS Charitable Funds dị iche iche na- agbanwe agbanwe, na-hazi ihe ngosi.  nka akpụkpọ 2003, na-alụ Arts na edemede. == Ndị ọrịa ama ama == * Onye ode akwụkwọ Robert Heron nwụrụ n'ụlọọgwụ na 13 Eprel 1807. <ref>{{DNB|wstitle=Heron, Robert (1764-1807)|first=Thomas Finlayson|last=Henderson|volume=26}}</ref> * Charles Sydney Gibbes, onye nkuzi Bekee nye ụmụ Emperor Nicholas II nke Russia, nwụrụ n'ụlọọgwụ na 24 Maachị 1963. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dovegreyreader.typepad.com/dovegreyreader_scribbles/2018/06/the-last-hours-of-father-nicholas-gibbes-english-tutor-to-the-romanov-children-helen-rappaport.html|title=The Last Hours of Father Nicholas Gibbes, English tutor to the Romanov Children|first=Helen|author=Rappaport|authorlink=Helen Rappaport|date=28 June 2018|publisher=Dove Grey Reader|accessdate=20 July 2018|archivedate=21 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014418/http://dovegreyreader.typepad.com/dovegreyreader_scribbles/2018/06/the-last-hours-of-father-nicholas-gibbes-english-tutor-to-the-romanov-children-helen-rappaport.html}}</ref> * Onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị Sir [[Ndị Enyi Kingsley|Kingsley Amis]] nwụrụ n'ụlọọgwụ na 22 Ọktoba 1995. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-861813.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022160120/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-861813.html|archivedate=22 October 2012|title=Sir Kingsley Amis Dies; British Novelist and Poet|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=23 October 1995}}</ref> * Henry Croft, onye mbụ Pearly King mụrụ (24 Mee 1861) wee nwụọ (1 Jenụwarị 1930) n'ụlọ ọgwụ. == Hụkwa == * Nlekọta ahụike na London == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|33em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.nhs.uk/Services/hospitals/Overview/DefaultView.aspx?id=88884 Nhọrọ NHS: St Pancras Hospital] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 9b6z9wqfnrfi4xmekeizfucutnhrv5k 0 43531 688064 177274 2026-07-14T13:22:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688064 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:2016-09-13 12 17 38 View north along Maryland State Route 974 (Old Enterprise Road) at Maryland State Route 193 (Enterprise Road) in Woodmore, Prince Georges County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|2016-09-13 12 17 38 View north along Maryland State Route 974 (Old Enterprise Road) at Maryland State Route 193 (Enterprise Road) in Woodmore, Prince Georges County, Maryland.jpg]] Woodmore bụ mpaghara aha yana ebe aha njirimara njirimara (CDP 86710) [1] na Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.  N'ime ngụkọ 2020, ndị bi na ya bụ 4,513.  [2] CDP dị n'ime oke okporo ụzọ 193 (Enterprise Road) n'ebe ike ụfọdụ, okporo ụzọ Church n'ụdị ndị, Ụzọ 214 (Central Avenue) na n'okporo ụzọ 50 n'ebe ugwu.  Woodmore Road na-aga n'ebe ihie na ike site na etiti.  [3] O nwere nnukwu obodo nwere oghere na obodo obodo, Shooki nke Woodmore Meadows, na Woodmore South n'akwụkwọ nka, yana ọtụtụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ wuru na ala ubi. Off Enterprise Road na-anọdụ na mmepe nke Kingford. Ọ na-agakọ na Mitchellville, Maryland CDP, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere adreesị nzipu ozi Mitchellville, ruo ọtụtụ afọ nke South Bowie/Mitchellville Post Office ji koodu zip 20721 jee ozi ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke Mitchellville. Obodo Woodmore na Mitchellville bụ ndị ama ama dị ka otu n'ime obodo ndị Africa na America kacha baa ọgaranya na United States. Obodo nwere oghere "Woodmore" gbadoro ụkwụ na [[Klọb Mba na Woodmore|Club Country na Woodmore]] . A na-eme atụmatụ ime obodo nwere ụlọ ezinaụlọ 398 na 799 acres (3.2 km2 Ọkọlọtọ isii America nọ n'ime oke CDP. <ref>"[http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st24_md/place/p2486710_woodmore/DC10BLK_P2486710_000.pdf 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Woodmore CDP, MD]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. </ref> <ref name="Location - SixFlags">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sixflags.com/america/plan-your-visit/directions|title=Directions to the Park|publisher=Six Flags America|accessdate=June 2, 2015|archivedate=May 3, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503023036/https://www.sixflags.com/america/plan-your-visit/directions}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Onye nwe obodo mbụ nke saịtị Woodmore bụ [[Thomas Spriggs]], onye na 1698 nwetara 500 acres (2.0 km nke a na-akpọ mgbe ahụ dị ka ọhịa nke Prince George's County na Crown Colony nke Maryland. Ụlọ mbụ dị na mpaghara ahụ bụ ụlọ brik nwere okpukpu abụọ aha ya bụ Pleasant Prospect (ka na-eguzo na 12806 Woodmore Road). , <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/018000/018800/018893/pdf/msa_se5_18893.pdf|accessdate=2023-03-22|title=Access Restricted to This Document}}</ref> wuru c. 1798 site n'aka Dr. [[Isaac Ducket]], di nke nwa nwa Spriggs. Ọ gbakwara okpukpu abụọ nke ala ụlọ ahụ ruo ihe karịrị 1,000 acres. Pleasant Prospect ketara site n'aka ọgọ Ducket, John Contee, na nwa ya nwoke, bụkwa John Contee, bụ onye ji ụgwọ wee resị ndị Bowies ala ahụ, mgbe ahụ, osisi Washington DC na-asọpụrụ ndị Walkers. Ọ bụ ezie na ezinụlọ Walker rere ụlọ ahụ na 1982, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/md/md0500/md0559/data/md0559data.pdf|title=Historic American Buildings Survey, Pleasant Prospect Written Historical and Descriptive Data|accessdate=9 December 2015|work=Historic American Buildings Survey, Engineering Record, Landscapes Survey|publisher=Library of Congress|author=Smith|first=Delos}}</ref> Ụmụ Walker gara n'ihu nwee ala na ugbo n'akụkụ ndịda Woodmore Road, nke a na-ere akụkụ nke ala ubi iji mepụta Woodmore Meadows. <ref>"[http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st24_md/place/p2427580_fairwood/DC10BLK_P2427580_001.pdf 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Fairwood CDP, MD]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. </ref>N'afọ 1981, e me ndidi obodo dị na Woodmore na ndị obodo gated na-eme , usoro nke were afọ 15 ka azụ ndị nwe ụlọ asaa mechaa ọnụ ọnụ.  [1] N'afọ 2010, US Census Bureau de starch ugwu nke Woodmore CDP dị ka Fairwood CDP ọhụrụ. <ref name="Woodmoremap">"[http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st24_md/place/p2486710_woodmore/DC10BLK_P2486710_000.pdf 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Woodmore CDP, MD]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. </ref> == Geography == Woodmore dị na <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Woodmore CDP, Maryland|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 23, 2011}}</ref>Dị ka United States Census Bureau si kwuo, CDP nwere mkpokọta 6.6 square miles (17.1 km2 , nke 6.6 square miles (17.0 bụ ala na 0.08 square miles (0.2 km , ma ọ bụ 0.96%, bụ mmiri mmiri. === Obodo Gated === <ref name="StewartKeishaMitchellville">{{Cite news|author=Stewart, Keisha|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18661-2005Apr1.html|title=On Par With the Good Life in Mitchellville|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=2005-04-02|accessdate=2018-09-04}}</ref>Obodo Woodmore gated nwere ihe dị ka ụlọ 400, asị otu isiokwu na ụlọ ime obodo.  Ihe dị ka 33% nke ndị bi na obodo gated bụ ndị otu obodo na Woodmore;  Ha abụọ bụ, dị ka Keisha Stewart nke Washington Post ndị na-egosi, "pụtarara ọnụ".  [1] Stewart ndị obodo Woodmore gated dị ka "otu n'ime mpaghara mbụ nke Prince George's County" nke "na-anya anya ugwu na mmezu maka ụfọdụ, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ ebe nchekwa dị arọ." N'afọ 2005, ebe obibi dị site na $400,000 ruo nde $2, yana ụlọ ime obodo dị ọnụ ala karịa ụlọ otu ezinụlọ. Dị ka Stewart si kwuo, na 2005, "ụlọ $ 1 nde [bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Woodmore." <ref name="StewartKeishaMitchellville"/> == Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ ==   === Ọnụọgụ 2020 === {| class="wikitable" |+'''Woodmore CDP, Maryland – Racial and Ethnic Composition'''<br /><br /> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br /><br /><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small><small><span class="nobold">''This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''</span></small> !Race / Ethnicity !Pop 2010<ref name="2010CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Woodmore CDP, Maryland|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2486710&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|work=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !Pop 2020<ref name="2020CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Woodmore CDP, Maryland|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2486710&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|work=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !% 2010 !% 2020 |- |White alone (NH) |378 |350 |9.60% |7.76% |- |[[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Black or African American]] alone (NH) |3,216 |3,606 |81.71% |79.90% |- |Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) |11 |6 |0.28% |0.13% |- |Asian alone (NH) |78 |91 |1.98% |2.02% |- |Pacific Islander alone (NH) |0 |0 |0.00% |0.00% |- |Some Other Race alone (NH) |8 |44 |0.20% |0.97% |- |Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) |107 |205 |2.72% |4.54% |- |Hispanic or Latino (any race) |138 |211 |3.51% |4.68% |- |'''Total''' |'''3,936''' |'''4,513''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |} Enwere ezinụlọ 1,977, n'ime ndị 45.0% nwere ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ 18 bi na ha, 68.1% bụ [[Agbamakwụkwọ|ndị di na nwunye]] bi, 11.4% nwere nwanyị nwe ụlọ na-enweghị di, na 16.7% bụ ndị na-abụghị . Na CDP, ndị mmadụ gbasapụrụ, yana 28.7% n'okpuru afọ 18, 6.9% site na 18 ruo 24, 29.9% site na 25 ruo 44, 29.9% site na 45 ruo 64, na 4.6% bụ ndị dị afọ 65 ma ọ bụ afọ 65. tọrọ. Ọkara afọ bụ afọ 38. Maka ụmụ nwanyị 100 ọ bụla, e nwere ụmụ nwoke 91.3. Maka ụmụ nwanyị 100 ọ bụla dị afọ 18 gbagoro, enwere ụmụ nwoke 86.9. Ego a na-enweta n'etiti otu ezinụlọ na CDP bụ $97,270, na ego etiti ezinụlọ maka otu ezinụlọ bụ $103,438. Ụmụ nwoke nwere ego ruru $65,638 karịa $55,324 maka ụmụ nwanyị, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ikike ndị isi ojii kacha nwee ego na mba ahụ. Ego onye ọ bụla maka CDP bụ $37,734. Ihe dị ka 2.0% nke ezinụlọ na 3.5% nke ndị bi n'okpuru ịda ogbenye, gụnyere 2.6% nke ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 18 na 6.0% nke ndị dị afọ 65 ma ọ bụ karịa. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2020, CDP nwere ọkwa # 7 n'etiti obodo ojii iri kacha baa ọgaranya na US, yana nkezi na-akpata $103,438. Ihe dị ka 34% nke ezinụlọ nwere ego karịrị $200,000. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://praisedc.com/1683807/10-richest-black-communities-in-america/|title=10 Richest Black Communities in America|accessdate=November 12, 2020}}</ref> Dịka ngụkọ 2018, enwere mmadụ 4,205. Onu ogugu bu 83.2% African American or Black. 10.2% nke ndị bi na amata dị ka White. 1.7% Achọpụtara dị ka ndị Hispanic. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas|url=https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Maryland/Woodmore/Race-and-Ethnicity|accessdate=2021-01-10|work=statisticalatlas.com}}</ref> Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime Prince George's County, enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị bi na ndị nna ochie na Sub-Saharan Africa . 14.4% nke ndị mmadụ (607) na-eketa usoro ọmụmụ a na 21% nke ndị bi na-azọrọ [[Naijiria]] dịka obodo amụrụ ha. 16.8% nke ndị bi na-ekwu na [[Sierra Leone]] bụ obodo amụrụ ha. 3.9% nke ndị bi na-ekwu [[Ghana]] dị ka obodo amụrụ ha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas|url=https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Maryland/Woodmore/National-Origin|accessdate=2021-01-10|work=statisticalatlas.com}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/>Enwekwara ụmụ dị ama nke ndị bi na West Indies .  16.9% nke ndị bi na-ekwu na Jamaica bụ obodo nri ha.  12.7% nke ndị bi na-ekwu na Guyana bụ obodo mkpa ha.  5% nke ndị bi na-ekwu na Trinidad na Tobago bụ obodo nke ha. . <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180909112105/https://www.princegeorgescountymd.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/District-2-Station-Bowie-2 District 2 Station - Bowie]." [[Prince George's County Police Department]].</ref> == agụmakwụkwọ == Onye isi ala George's County Police Department District 2 ọdụ dị na Brock Hall CDP, nwere adreesị ozi Bowie, na-ejere ndị obodo ozi <ref name="Woodmoremap"/> <ref name="PGHSmap">"[http://gis.pgcps.org/mapgallery/Maps/Boundaries%20-%20High.pdf NEIGHBORHOOD HIGH SCHOOLS AND BOUNDARIES SCHOOL YEAR 2018-2019]." [[Prince George's County Public Schools]]. </ref> ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime Woodmore bụ mpaghara na Woodmore Elementary School.  [1] Ọtụtụ n'ime CDP bụ mpaghara na Ernest Everett Just Middle School na Benjamin Tasker Middle School.  [2] Ọtụtụ n'ime CDP bụ mpaghara n'iche akwụkwọ Charles Herbert Flowers, yana akwụkwọ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Bowie == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}{{Commons category}} * [http://www.woodmore.org/ Otu ndị nwe ụlọ Woodmore] {{Prince George's County, Maryland}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jsk2280tdtr0cwd1e7yszgzpj3bxrbd 0 43792 688172 165466 2026-07-15T03:22:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Hotel_Union_Square,_San_Francisco.JPG|thumb| Hotel Union Square]] Hotel Union Square dị na 114 Powell Street na San Francisco, California .  Ewubere ya na 1908, nwere okwu dị mfe na ulo n'oge oge mmachibido iwu, na Dashiell Hammett bụ onye Nkwado. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <ref name="Bruton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.artandarchitecture-sf.com/helen-brutons-tile-murals-at-the-golden-west-hotel.html|title=Helen Bruton’s Tile Murals at the Golden West Hotel|work=Art and Architecture - San Francisco|accessdate=May 4, 2016}}</ref>E wuru ụlọ oriri na mmanya na 1908 dị ka Golden West Hotel, maka 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition .  [1] N'oge oge mmachibido iwu, 10,000 square feet (930 m speakeasy a na-akpọ The Golden Bubble dị n'okpuru ụlọ nkwari akụ ahụ. [2] [3] Ala terrazzo mbụ na akwụkwọ ahụaja ka dị n'ebe.  a na-eji ugbu a dị ka ebe nchekwa. N'afọ ndị 1950, a kpọ foto ụlọ oriri na-eme Golden State Hotel.  [1] oriri oriri na six Personality nke ụlọ ahụ na-egosi 1980 na na 1985 mepe iche ya ka emezi sori dị ka Hotel Union Square.  [2] Emezi iso ya nke ukwuu na 2008, mgbe e ibu Dashiell Hammett Suite na Room 505. [3] Ime ime ụlọ bụ Colum McCartan, na-eke Lisa Sayed, onye mmekọ nke ụlọ nkwari akụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Sisterhood of the Traveling Hotels, bụ bụ  onye haziri Ring In the Kids Suite.  Lisa Compagno haziri Dashiell Hammett Suite.  Enwere ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọbịa na ọnụ ụlọ 131. Dashiell Hammett na Lillian Hellman nwere ike duzie ọtụtụ n'ime ihe omume ha na họtel ahụ, [1] wee debanye aha nyere ya ka ọ bụrụ Josephine Dolan n'ime ụlọ ebe ahụ n'ahụ tupu ha 1921. <ref name="Hammett">{{Cite web|author=Humbert|first=Mike|title=The Dashiell Hammett Suite at Hotel Union Square|work=The Dashiell Hammett website|date=August 11, 2009|url=http://www.mikehumbert.com/Dashiell_Hammett_22_Hotel_Union_Square.html|accessdate=May 4, 2016|archivedate=March 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035122/http://www.mikehumbert.com/Dashiell_Hammett_22_Hotel_Union_Square.html}}</ref> A na-ekwu na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-ewu ewu, karịsịa Room 207. Ụfọdụ na-ekwu na mmụọ dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ bụ Hellman. <ref name="May">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/10/31/PKGMK9GJ381.DTL|title=Is there a spirit here tonight?|first=Antoinette|author=May|date=October 31, 2004|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|accessdate=May 17, 2008}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * A na-ekwu na ọ nọ na mpaghara San Francisco Bay == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607183621/https://hotelunionsquare.com/ Hotel Union Square] bnasbdcx7jx1g3ji0erl09yft3tw1bl 0 44397 688138 199976 2026-07-14T22:22:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sylvaine Strike|image=<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->|alt=<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->|caption=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name -->|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->|birth_place=[[Pretoria]], South Africa|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|death_place=|othername=|alma_mater=[[University of Cape Town]]|occupation={{plainlist| *[[Actress]] *[[Writer]] *[[theatre direction|Theater director]] }}|yearsactive=|known_for=|notable_works=}} Sylvaine Strike bụ onye na-emetụ ememe na-eme ihe nkiri na South Africa, onye edemede na onye nduzi ihe nkiri nke bi na Cape Town, South Africa. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Strike na Pretoria.   Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Cape Town ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere na ihe nkiri na 1993. Strike gara n'ihu nke oru gụọ akwụkwọ site na 1998 ruo 2000 na Paris na Jacques LeCoq School ebe ọ gụsịrị diplọma afọ abụọ na-elekwasị anya na mime na clown. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-31|title=Sylvaine Strike receives France's top cultural award|url=https://za.ambafrance.org/Sylvaine-Strike-receives-France-s-top-cultural-award|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=French Embassy in South Africa {{!}} Ambassade de France en Afrique du Sud|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031161349/https://za.ambafrance.org/Sylvaine-Strike-receives-France-s-top-cultural-award}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ClBCgAAQBAJ|title=The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary South African Theatre|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4081-7671-9|editor=Middeke|pages=81}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Morkel|first=Toni|date=2010-01-01|title=An interview with Sylvaine Strike|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2010.9687929|journal=South African Theatre Journal|volume=24|issue=1|pages=201–208|doi=10.1080/10137548.2010.9687929|issn=1013-7548}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ihe nkiri === Strike bụ onye nduzi nka nke Fortune Cookie Theatre ugbu a, nke ya na ya guzobere na 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=http://fortunecookietheatre.com/about/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Fortune Cookie Theatre Company|language=en-ZA|archivedate=2020-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626134211/http://fortunecookietheatre.com/about/}}</ref> Sitere mahadum nke n'aka ụmụaka na Fortune Cookie Theatre, Strike duziri ihe ngosi ndị dị ka Molière's The Miser (2012) na ''Tartuffe'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite book|author=Krueger|first=Anton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UC2NDwAAQBAJ|title=The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Politics|publisher=Routledge|year=2019|isbn=978-0-203-73105-5|editor=Eckersall|pages=47|chapter=Revolutionary Trends at the South African National Arts Festival}}</ref> na Chekhov-adaption, Tobacco and the Harmful Effects Thereof (2016). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stones|first=Lesley|date=2016-02-15|title=Review: Tobacco, and the Harmful Effects Thereof|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-02-16-review-tobacco-and-the-harmful-effects-thereof/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Strike so nsị ọbara nke anụ ọhịa otu Fortune Cookie ndị ọzọ mepụta ihe ngosi Black and Blue, nke ọ sokwa mee ihe nkiri.<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2015, kuki Fortune weghachiri mmepụta ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Victoria|date=2015-10-01|title=Black and Blue returns to Jozi|url=https://alexnews.co.za/57411/black-and-blue-returns-to-jozi/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Alex News}}</ref> N'èzí Fortune Cookie Theatre, Strike duziri ihe ngosi dịka Miss Dietrich Regrets (2015), <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sassen|first=Robyn|date=2015-06-16|title=Underneath the star quality of Marlene Dietrich|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2015-06-16-underneath-the-star-quality-of-marlene-dietrich/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> ''DOP'' (2019), <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-29|title=DOP, a mesmerising tale of an ordinary man|url=https://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/379386/dop-a-mesmerising-tale-of-an-ordinary-man/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Bedfordview Edenvale News}}</ref> na ''ECLIPSED'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web|author=BWW News Desk|date=2019-10-02|title=Mental Health Awareness Takes Centre Stage At The Market Theatre|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/south-africa/article/Mental-Health-Awareness-Takes-Centre-Stage-At-The-Market-Theatre-20191002|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref> Strike nyekwara aka n'ịgbanwe akụkọ Snow White ka ọ bụrụ Snow White - The Ballet for Joburg Ballet na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ferreira|first=Pinto|date=2017-09-20|title='Snow White': a ballet spectacle|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/snow-white-a-ballet-spectacle-11287844|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, ya na Damon Galgut rụkọrọ ọrụ iji gbanwee àgwà nke chárá na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, The Promise ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri.<ref>[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-09-26-striking-the-right-tone-booker-prize-winning-novel-the-promise-reimagined-for-stage/ Striking the right tone — Booker Prize-winning novel ‘The Promise’ reimagined for stage] Daily Maverick. 26 September 2023</ref> === Ihe nkiri na telivishọn === Strike apụtala na ihe nkiri ndị mmadụ mata dị ka District 9 (2009). <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-08-14|title=District 9|url=https://dove.org/review/7994-district-9/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Dove Family Friendly Movie Reviews|language=en-US}}</ref> Strike enweela a ọrụ na ihe ngosi telivishọn dị ka Those Who Can't, Black Sails, Mad Dogs, na The Hot Zone.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=MorneJK|date=2017-03-19|title=Stars descend on SAFTAs red carpet: Here are the winners|url=https://www.jacarandafm.com/news/entertainment/stars-descend-saftas-red-carpet-here-are-winners/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Jacaranda FM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-17|title=Julianna Margulies on outbreak thriller The Hot Zone, filmed in SA|url=https://www.screenafrica.com/author/showmax/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Screen Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Onyinye == E nyere Strike Rosalie van den Gucht Best New Director na 2004.   N'afọ 2006, e nyere iwu n'ụlọ mkpọrọ pụta Strike onyinye Standard Bank Young Artist Award for Drama. N'afọ 2010, ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ na ise a họpụtara maka Rolex Mentor Protégé Arts Initiative . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hoho|first=Busisiwe|date=2020-06-21|title=Sylvaine strikes again with The Butcher Brothers|url=https://www.grocotts.co.za/2010/06/21/sylvaine-strikes-again-with-the-butcher-brothers/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=www.grocotts.co.za}}</ref> Strike meriri Fleur du Cap Best Director Theatre Award maka mmepụta nke mkpọsa nke ọbọdọ ya nke Samuel Beckett's Endgame maka Baxter Theatre Centre, Cape Town. E nyekwara Endgame ihe nrite Best Production na Best Actor.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Strike enwetala Naledi Best Actress Award 2004 na 2006 maka ọrụ ya na Black and Blue na Coupé . A họpụtakwala ya na ngalaba onye ndụmọdụ ụfọdụ nke gọọmenti kwesịrị nduzi kacha mma na Naledi, Fleur du Cap na Woordfees Awards 2016 maka ntụziaka ya nke egwuregwu ndị a ma ama Tobacco na ''Dop''. The Miser meriri ya Naledi Best Director Award 2012 na Best Production of a Play 2012.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 2011, e nyere mmepụta Strike nke Butcher Brothers Naledi Award maka Best-Cutting Edge Production. <ref>{{Cite web|author=de Beer|first=Diane|date=2011-03-08|title=Top of the theatre charts|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/top-of-the-theatre-charts-1037804|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, a matara Strike dị ka onye na-ese ihe na National Arts Festival na South Africa. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, Strike rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii alaka na Nwunye bute mmemme nka iji mepụta ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=SABC News|date=2014-04-04|title=Sylvaine Strike named as the Featured Artist on the 2014 National Arts Festival programme|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfWn0XGyd0o|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719053140/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfWn0XGyd0o|archivedate=2020-07-19|accessdate=2020-06-24|work=Youtube}}</ref> E nyere Strike SAFTA nke afọ 2017 na ngalaba Best Supporting Actress - TV Comedy maka ọrụ ya na ndịda nke ọbọdọ ihe ngosi Those Who Can't . <ref name=":2"/> A họpụtara Strike maka onyinye Kanna maka ntụziaka ya nke ''DOP'' na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-20|title=A Conversation with Sylvaine Strike|url=https://sarafinamagazine.com/2017/04/20/a-conversation-with-sylvaine-strike/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=Sarafina Magazine|language=en}}</ref> E nyere Strike Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres na 2018 maka enyemaka ya na nka. <ref name=":0"/> == Ihe odide == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] g90oaojlz17tulg1hakkcqn1tc01ka1 0 45633 688066 541180 2026-07-14T13:36:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=|caption=}} {{Databox}}'''Xbills Ebenezer''' (amụrụ '''Annor Ebenezer''' ) bụ onye ntụzi vidiyo egwu [[Ghana]] na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na CEO nke Xpress Philms, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke na-ahụ maka mmepụta ihe nkiri, telivishọn, na vidiyo egwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flexgh.com/xbills-ebenezer-the-magic-hand-behind-ghanas-best-music-videos/|title=Xbills Ebenezer, The Magic Hand Behind Ghana's Best Music Videos|publisher=Flexgh|date=29 March 2016|accessdate=23 March 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/xbills-ebenezer|title=Xbills Ebenezer|publisher=Music in Africa|date=13 August 2015|accessdate=23 March 2018|archivedate=12 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212212801/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/xbills-ebenezer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicarenagh.com/top-10-music-video-directors/|title=TOP 10 MUSIC VIDEO DIRECTORS|publisher=Showbiz Punch|date=1 September 2016|accessdate=23 March 2018|archivedate=6 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206050724/https://www.musicarenagh.com/top-10-music-video-directors/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.showbizpunch.com/exclusive-video-directorx-bills-releases-first-hit-song-now-musician/|title=Exclusive: Video Director,X Bills Releases First Hit Song Now As A Musician|publisher=Showbiz Punch|date=3 December 2017|accessdate=23 March 2018|archivedate=15 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815045743/https://www.showbizpunch.com/exclusive-video-directorx-bills-releases-first-hit-song-now-musician/}}</ref> Xbills eduzila vidiyo egwu maka ndị na-ese ihe na-edekọ ihe n'ofe ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere, Bisa Kdei, [[Shatta Wale]], [[Becca Bernstein|Becca]], Kofi Kinaata, Edem, [[Eazzy]], Gurunkz, VVIP, Obrafour, Dobble, AK Songstress, Tic Tac, [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]], [[Jupiter Bokondji|Jupitar]], na ndị ọzọ. . <ref name="helpinghana">{{Cite web|url=https://helpinghana.com/index.php/2017/12/26/photos-best-music-directors-ghana//|title=Photos of Best Music Directors in Ghana|publisher=Helpin Ghana|date=5 March 2015|accessdate=23 March 2018|archivedate=19 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119125048/https://helpinghana.com/index.php/2017/12/26/photos-best-music-directors-ghana/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opera.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-bisa-kdei-mansa-id4094063.html|title=Music Video Bisa Kdei Mansa|publisher=PulseGH|date=21 August 2015|accessdate=23 March 2018|archivedate=26 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326202934/http://opera.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-bisa-kdei-mansa-id4094063.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.netnaija.me/videos/music/3892-becca-beshiwo-feat-bisa-kdei-xbills-ebenezer|title=Becca – Beshiwo (feat. Bisa Kdei) [Dir. by Xbills Ebenezer]|publisher=Showbiz Punch|date=26 September 2016|accessdate=23 March 2018|archivedate=26 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326203129/https://web.netnaija.me/videos/music/3892-becca-beshiwo-feat-bisa-kdei-xbills-ebenezer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/04/see-behind-the-scenes-photos-of-the-making-of-shatta-wales-kakai-video/|title=See Behind The Scenes Photos Of The Making Of Shatta Wale's 'Kakai' Video|publisher=Kuulpeeps|date=13 April 2016|accessdate=23 March 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == Ebenezxar mụrụ nye Miss Juliet Gladys Osafo na Mr Fred K. Annor na 17 Eprel 1987 na obodo Kukurantumi-Akim na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke [[Ghana]]. Ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ nke abụọ n'ime ụmụnne isii ahụ. Ọ malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ n'Asafo-Akim wee sonye na Ofori Panin Senior High School ebe ọ gụrụ Visual Arts. Na Ofori Panin Senior High School, Xbills Ebenezer meriri nwa akwụkwọ Visual Arts kacha mma na klaasị ya ugboro abụọ. N'ịbụ onye na-akpali akpali site na ọdịdị mara mma na nka nke omenala Michael Jackson n'oge ụbọchị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, ọ malitere ịbụ abụ na-akụ ma na-egwu egwu. Ọ rọrọ nrọ imepụta ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo nwere ike ịdị ka anụ ọhịa, yana egwu karịa nke Michael Jackson. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-ese ihe nkiri na mpempe akwụkwọ n'ụdị eserese; nke onye ọ bụla gụrụ ha ghọtara nke ọma. Ụdị ihe osise ndị a nwekwara ezigbo ihe odide. Ọ malitere mmepụta vidiyo egwu oge niile na 1997, vidiyo ọ rụpụtara bụ Gurunkz "''Lapaz Toyota''" nke agbagburu na 2011. == Aduziri vidiyo == Nke a bụ ndepụta vidiyo egwu nke Xbills Ebenezer duziri. Edepụtara ihe karịrị vidiyo egwu 37 ugbu a ebe a. {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Year ! style="width:22em;" |Video !Artist |- |2011 ! scope="row" |"Lapaz Toyota" |Gurunkz |- |2012 ! scope="row" |"Seke"<ref>{{Cite news|title=New Music Video: "Seke" By Dr. Slim and Double|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201211/145152.php?storyid=100&|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Peacefm|date=November 9, 2012}}</ref> |Dr. Slim feat. Dobble |- |2013 ! scope="row" |"Boys Abre/Alkayida"<ref>{{Cite news|title=GURU – ALKAYIDA (BOYS ABRE) (OFFICIAL VIDEO)|url=http://www.worldofafrica.tv/videos/guru-alkayida-boys-abre-official-video/|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=World of Africa TV|date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- | rowspan="12" |2014 ! scope="row" |"Obaa Jackie Chan"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Video Guru – Obaa Jackie Chan|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-guru-obaa-jackie-chan-id3371069.html|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Pulse GH|date=December 26, 2014}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- ! scope="row" |"Here We Go Again"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gh.newshub.org/new-videos-edem-releases-koene-and-here-we-go-again-850797.html|title=NEW VIDEOS: EDEM RELEASES 'KOENE' AND 'HERE WE GO AGAIN'|publisher=GH News Hub|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Edem |- ! scope="row" |"Pum Pum"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leHSQ781qWE|title=Tic-Tac – Pum Pum (Feat. Edem)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |TicTac feat Edem |- ! scope="row" |"Mpaebo"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://loudsoundgh.com/2014/08/music-video-guru-mpaebo-directed-by-xbills-ebenezer/|title=Music Video Guru Mpaebo Directed by Xbills Ebenezer|publisher=Loudsound|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- ! scope="row" |"Mama Ne Dada"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ktkk-nfhv6A|title=Mama ne Dada|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |D2 |- ! scope="row" |"Nkwadaa Nkwadaa"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201302/156027.php|title=New Music Video: "Nkwaada Nkwaada" By Guru Featuring Double And Afia Schwarzenegger|publisher=Peace FM|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=February 12, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212213515/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201302/156027.php}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- ! scope="row" |"Baba God"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/new-music-video-guru-baba-god-ft-iyk-wonder/|title=New Music Video: Guru-Baba God ft Iyk Wonder|publisher=Nydjlive|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- ! scope="row" |"Pooley Swag"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-guru-pooley-swag-id3474821.html|title=Music Video Guru – Pooley Swag|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=March 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084246/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-guru-pooley-swag-id3474821.html}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- ! scope="row" |"Aboa Onni Dua"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/33416/obrafour-releases-video-for-aboa-onni-dua-featuring-redeye.html|title=Obrafour Releases Video For 'Aboa Onni Dua' Featuring Redeye|publisher=Modern Ghana|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Obrafour |- ! scope="row" |"Pimpinaa"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-obrafour-pimpinaa-feat-bisa-kdei-id3766589.html|title=Music Video Obrafour – Pimpinaa feat. Bisa Kdei|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=July 4, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704005838/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-obrafour-pimpinaa-feat-bisa-kdei-id3766589.html}}</ref> |Obrafour |- ! scope="row" |"Enemies"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-jupitar-enemies-feat-sarkodie-id3519659.html|title=Music Video Jupitar – Enemies Feat. Sarkodie|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=July 3, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220703/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-jupitar-enemies-feat-sarkodie-id3519659.html}}</ref> |[[Jupitar (musician)|Jupitar]] |- ! scope="row" |"Skolom"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanandwom.net/vvip-skolom-feat-sena-dagadu-official-video/|title=VVIP – Skolom (Feat Sena Dagadu) (Official Video)|publisher=GhanaNdwom|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=March 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327025258/http://www.ghanandwom.net/vvip-skolom-feat-sena-dagadu-official-video/}}</ref> |VVIP |- |2015 ! scope="row" |Otan Hunu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dobble Otan Hunu Official Video|url=https://www.ghanamotion.com/dobble-otan-hunu-official-video/|accessdate=August 31, 2015|work=Ghana Motion}}</ref> |Dobble |- | rowspan="17" |2016 ! scope="row" |"Bie Gya"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-shatta-wale-bie-gya-id4964452.html|title=Music Video Shatta Wale – Bie Gya|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=July 4, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704035736/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-shatta-wale-bie-gya-id4964452.html}}</ref> |[[Shatta Wale]] |- ! scope="row" |"Hello"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanandwom.net/akwaboah-hello-feat-sarkodie-official-video/|title=Akwaboah – Hello (Feat. Sarkodie) (Official Video)|publisher=GhanaNdwom|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=March 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212003/http://www.ghanandwom.net/akwaboah-hello-feat-sarkodie-official-video/}}</ref> |[[Akwaboah Jnr]] feat [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]] |- ! scope="row" |"Beshiwo" |Becca (Ghanaian singer) feat Bisa Kdei |- ! scope="row" |"Life"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enewsgh.com/2016/11/22/video-life-bisa-kdei-ft-patoranking/|title=VIDEO: Life – Bisa KDei ft. Patoranking|publisher=EnewsGH|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=February 12, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212214240/https://enewsgh.com/2016/11/22/video-life-bisa-kdei-ft-patoranking/}}</ref> |Bisa Kdei feat [[Patoranking]] |- ! scope="row" |"Na Na"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Eazzy-drops-Na-Na-video-featuring-Stonebwoy-489511|title=Eazzy drops 'Na Na' video featuring Stonebwoy|publisher=Ghanaweb|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |[[Eazzy]] feat [[Stonebwoy]] |- ! scope="row" |"Meba Be Tia Wo"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Video-Guru-features-Lil-Win-in-Meba-Be-Tia-Wo-404844|title=Video: Guru features Lil Win in 'Meba Be Tia Wo'|publisher=Ghanaweb|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Gurunkz |- ! scope="row" |"Hw3"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-becca-hw3-remix-feat-bisa-kdei-id4714780.html|title=Music Video Becca – Hw3 Remix feat. Bisa Kdei|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=July 4, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704005903/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-becca-hw3-remix-feat-bisa-kdei-id4714780.html}}</ref> |Becca (Ghanaian singer) feat Bisa Kdei |- ! scope="row" |"Susuka"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXaEvauHXYM|title=Kofi Kinaata – Susuka (Official Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Kofi Kinaata |- ! scope="row" |"Mansa"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXaEvauHXYM|title=Kofi Kinaata – Susuka (Official Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |Bisa Kdei |- ! scope="row" |"PumPum"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tooxclusive.com/west/songs-download/rudebwoy-ranking-pumpum-ghana-ft-episode|title=RudeBwoy Ranking – "PumPum from Ghana" ft. Episode|publisher=[[TooXclusive]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=October 27, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027053640/https://tooxclusive.com/west/songs-download/rudebwoy-ranking-pumpum-ghana-ft-episode/}}</ref> |RudeBwoy Ranking |- ! scope="row" |"Kakai"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cuemusicworld.co.uk/index.php/2018/01/30/shatta-wale-kakai-official-video/|title=Shatta Wale – Kakai (Official Video)|publisher=Cuemusicworld|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=March 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327023758/http://cuemusicworld.co.uk/index.php/2018/01/30/shatta-wale-kakai-official-video/}}</ref> |[[Shatta Wale]] |- ! scope="row" |"Holiday"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/audio/artikel.php?ID=352773|title=AK Songstress releases new video "Holiday"|publisher=Ghanaweb|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |AK Songstress |- ! scope="row" |"Baby"<ref>{{Cite news|title=VIDEO: Petrah ft. Reekado Banks – Baby|url=https://notjustok.com/video-download/video-petrah-ft-reekado-banks-baby/|accessdate=March 27, 2018|work=Notjustok|date=July 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Hot new Music Video: Petrah feat. Reekado Banks – Baby|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/music-video-7/|accessdate=March 27, 2018|work=Ameyaw Debrah|date=July 4, 2016}}</ref> |Petrah feat [[Reekado Banks]] |- ! scope="row" |"Fefeefe"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/10/20/new-video-el-drops-visuals-fefeefe/|title=NEW VIDEO: EL Drops Visuals For 'Fefeefe'|publisher=Ghana Celebrities|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=March 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327023534/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/10/20/new-video-el-drops-visuals-fefeefe/}}</ref> |EL |- ! scope="row" |"One Tin"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kubilive.com/eazzy-drops-new-hot-video-one-tindirected-by-xbills-ebenezer/|title=Watch: Eazzy Drops New Hot Video "One Tin"(Directed by Xbills Ebenezer)|publisher=[[Kubilive]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}</ref> |[[Eazzy]] |- ! scope="row" |"Kpakposhito" <ref>{{Cite news|title=New Music Video: 'Kpakposhito' By Eazzy|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/03/11/new-music-video-kpakposhito-by-eazzy/|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Ghana Celebrities|date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> |[[Eazzy]] |- |Hello <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adinkra|first=Fiifi|date=2016-10-28|title=Akwaboah – Hello (Feat Sarkodie)|url=https://ghanandwom.net/akwaboah-hello-feat-sarkodie/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=GhanaNdwom.net|language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Akwaboah Jnr|Akwaboah]] feat. [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]] |- | rowspan="7" |2017 ! scope="row" |"Boom Boom"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Video Kuami Eugene – Boom Bang Bang|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-kuami-eugene-boom-bang-bang-id6953921.html|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Pulse GH|date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> |Kuami Eugune |- ! scope="row" |"Mawuli"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music: 2Fresh4God – Mawuli (Directed By XBills Ebenezer)|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/42504/music-2fresh4god-mawuli-directed-by-xbills-ebenezer.html|accessdate=March 27, 2018|work=ModernGhana|date=April 14, 2017}}</ref> |2Fresh4God |- ! scope="row" |"Feeling" |Kurl Songz feat Ebony Reigns |- ! scope="row" |"Bronya"<ref>{{Cite news|title=BTS Photos Wutah finally shoot video for "Bronya"|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/bts-photos-wutah-finally-shoot-video-for-bronya-id7479870.html|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Pulse GH|date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> |Wutah |- ! scope="row" |"Rewind"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Video MzVee – Rewind feat. Kuami Eugene|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-mzvee-rewind-feat-kuami-eugene-id6117075.html|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Pulse GH|date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> |MzVee feat Kuami Eugene |- |Daavi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-07|title=Mzvee releases latest track 'Daavi'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Mzvee-releases-latest-track-Daavi-526696|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> |Mzvee |- |We Run Dem <ref>{{Cite web|author=Crafty|first=Arthur|date=2023-06-21|title=MzVee – We Run Dem ft Article Wan Mp3 Download » Naijamz|url=https://naijamz.com/download-mp3/3350/mzvee-we-run-dem-ft-article-wan|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=naijamz.com|language=en}}</ref> |MzVee ft Article Wan |- | rowspan="3" |2018 ! scope="row" |"Come And See My Moda"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Video MzVee Come and See My Moda feat Yemi Alade|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-mzvee-come-and-see-my-moda-feat-yemi-alade-id7838982.html|accessdate=March 26, 2018|work=Pulse GH|date=January 12, 2018}}</ref> |MzVee feat. [[Yemi Alade]] |- |Mamee <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jasper|first=Kevin|date=2018-04-11|title=Efya x Mr Eazi – Mame (Give Me) MP3 DOWNLOAD|url=https://www.naijavibes.com/mp3-download/efya-x-mr-eazi-mame-give-me-audio/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=NaijaVibes|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621153444/https://www.naijavibes.com/mp3-download/efya-x-mr-eazi-mame-give-me-audio/}}</ref> |Efya ft. [[Mr Eazi]] |- |Bend Down <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dwomoh|first=Bright|date=2018-09-26|title=DOWNLOAD MP3 : MzVee ft. Kuami Eugene – Bend Down (Prod. by MoG Beatz) {{!}} GhanaSongs.com – Ghana Music Downloads|url=https://www.ghanasong.com/download-mp3-mzvee-ft-kuami-eugene-bend-down-prod-by-mog-beatz/|accessdate=2023-06-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164405/https://www.ghanasong.com/download-mp3-mzvee-ft-kuami-eugene-bend-down-prod-by-mog-beatz/}}</ref> |MzVee feat. Kuami Eugene |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |Dw3<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-06|title=Watch "Dw3" by Mr Drew x Krymi ft. Sarkodie {{!}} Video & Download MP3|url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-mr-drew-x-krymi-ft-sarkodie-dw3-download-mp3/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=NotjustOk|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621150438/https://notjustok.com/videos/video-mr-drew-x-krymi-ft-sarkodie-dw3-download-mp3/}}</ref> |Mr Drew ft Krymi & [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]] |- |Fire Burn <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-02|title=DOWNLOAD: Kwamz & Flava – Fire Burn ft Sarkodie|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/download-kwamz-flava-fire-burn-ft-sarkodie/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=www.ghgossip.com|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164403/https://www.ghgossip.com/download-kwamz-flava-fire-burn-ft-sarkodie/}}</ref> |Kwamz & Flava Feat. [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]] |- |Shooo (Remix) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tomiwa|date=2023-02-19|title=Kwamz & Flava – "Shooo (Remix)" ft. Medikal x Joey B|url=https://tooxclusive.com/kwamz-flava-shooo-remix-ft-medikal-x-joey-b-new-song/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=tooXclusive|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801094754/https://tooxclusive.com/kwamz-flava-shooo-remix-ft-medikal-x-joey-b-new-song/}}</ref> |Kwamz & Flava Feat. Medikal & Joey B |- |Weather <ref>{{Cite web|author=E|first=A. D. C.|date=2019-06-22|title=Watch: Sista Afia Ft Medikal & Quamina MP - Weather - Africa.com|url=https://www.africa.com/watch-sista-afia-ft-medikal-quamina-mp-weather/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=www.africa.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |Sista Afia ft Medikal & Quamina MP |- | rowspan="10" |2020 |"Enjoyment"<ref>{{Cite web|author=naija|first=prey|date=2020-01-30|title=KiDi – Enjoyment {{!}} VIDEO • NaijaPrey|url=https://www.naijaprey.com/music-kidi-enjoyment-video/,%20https://www.naijaprey.com/music-kidi-enjoyment-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=www.naijaprey.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |[[KiDi|KIDI]] |- |No Dulling<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-29|title=Top 10 most watched Ghanaian music videos in 2020|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Top-10-most-watched-Ghanaian-music-videos-in-2020-1142957|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> |Keche Feat. Kuami Eugene |- |Let Me Know <ref>{{Cite web|author=invisible|first=quame|date=2020-09-04|title=Download Mr Drew – Let Me Know (Prod. By MOG) {{!}} HitxGh.Com|url=https://www.hitxgh.com/mr-drew-let-me-know-prod-by-mog/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=hitxgh|language=en-US}}</ref> |Mr Drew |- |Turn Up <ref>{{Cite web|author=chyme|date=2023-06-16|title=VIDEO: Kuami Eugene – Turn Up|url=https://247naijabuzz.blog/video-kuami-eugene-turn-up/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=247NaijaBuzz|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621153444/https://247naijabuzz.blog/video-kuami-eugene-turn-up/}}</ref> |Kuami Eugene |- |Wedding Song <ref>{{Cite web|author=JNR|first=KELLY|date=2023-06-21|title=DOWNLOAD MP3: Wendy Shay – Wedding ft. Kuami Eugene|url=https://naijatunez.com/download-mp3-wendy-shay-wedding-ft-kuami-eugene/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=NaijaTunez|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164406/https://naijatunez.com/download-mp3-wendy-shay-wedding-ft-kuami-eugene/}}</ref> |[[Wendy Shay]] feat. Kuami Eugene |- |Pray For The World <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-01|title=MUSIC: Wendy Shay – Pray For The World|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/music-wendy-shay-pray-for-the-world/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Gossip|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164404/https://www.ghgossip.com/music-wendy-shay-pray-for-the-world/}}</ref> |[[Wendy Shay]] |- |Duna <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-05|title=Eazzy and Quamina MP go wild in new 'Duna' music video (WATCH)|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/eazzy-and-quamina-mp-go-wild-in-duna-music-video-with-twerking-moves-watch/1lnrp9k|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> |[[Eazzy]] Feat Quamina Mp |- |Here For You <ref>{{Cite web|author=kofixerda|date=2020-10-14|title=Vanilla Karr Drops Official Video For "Here For You" – Watch Here|url=https://ghanandwom.net/vanilla-karr-drops-official-video-for-here-for-you-watch-here/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=GhanaNdwom.|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164404/https://ghanandwom.net/vanilla-karr-drops-official-video-for-here-for-you-watch-here/}}</ref> |Vanilla Karr |- |Bestie <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=DOWNLOAD: Queen Ayorkor – Bestie ft Kelvyn Boy|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/download-queen-ayorkor-bestie-ft-kelvyn-boy/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Gossip|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164423/https://www.ghgossip.com/download-queen-ayorkor-bestie-ft-kelvyn-boy/}}</ref> |Queen Ayorkor Ft. Kelvyn Boy |- |Paper <ref>{{Cite web|author=Music|first=Ghana|date=2020-01-20|title=Video Premiere: Paper by Sista Afia feat. Victor AD|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/2020/01/20/video-premiere-paper-by-sista-afia-feat-victor-ad/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> |Sista Afia feat. [[Victor AD]] |- | rowspan="10" |2021 |Mood <ref>{{Cite web|author=Orlazd|first=great1|date=2021-04-18|title=VIDEO: Mr Drew – Mood » NaijaRemix|url=https://www.naijaremix.com/mp4-videos/video-mr-drew-mood/|accessdate=2023-06-21|language=en-US}}</ref> |Mr Drew |- |Shoulder <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zatunes|date=2021-09-17|title=Adina Thembi & Mr JazziQ – Shoulder|url=https://zatunes.co.za/2021/adina-thembi-mr-jazziq-shoulder|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=ZAtunes|language=en-US}}</ref> |Adina feat. Mr JazziQ |- |Dollar On You <ref>{{Cite web|author=Live|first=ThePrince|date=2021-04-30|title=WATCH: Kuami Eugene – Dollar On You (Official Video)|url=https://eonlinegh.com/watch-kuami-eugene-dollar-on-you-official-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=EonlineGH.Com|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621150438/https://eonlinegh.com/watch-kuami-eugene-dollar-on-you-official-video/}}</ref> |Kuami Eugene |- |Today <ref>{{Cite web|author=kodecx|date=2023-03-09|title=DopeNation – Today (Official Video) MP4 Download {{!}} BaseNaija|url=https://basenaija.com/dopenation-today-2/|accessdate=2023-06-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621153445/https://basenaija.com/dopenation-today-2/}}</ref> |DopeNation |- |Shuperu <ref>{{Cite web|author=Orlazdgreat1|date=2021-09-13|title=VIDEO: Mr Drew – Shuperu Ft. KiDi Mp4 Download » NaijaRemix|url=https://www.naijaremix.com/mp4-videos/video-mr-drew-shuperu-ft-kidi/|accessdate=2023-06-21|language=en-US}}</ref> |Mr Drew feat. [[KiDi]] |- |S3k3 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Music|first=Ghana|date=2021-11-18|title=Video Premiere: Sɛkɛ by Mr Drew feat. Medikal|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/2021/11/18/video-premiere-sɛkɛ-by-mr-drew-feat-medikal/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> |Mr Drew feat. Medikal |- |Good Mood <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-05|title=MUSIC: Keche ft Fameye – Good Mood|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/music-keche-ft-fameye-good-mood/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=GhanaGossip|language=en-AU|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164413/https://www.ghgossip.com/music-keche-ft-fameye-good-mood/}}</ref> |Keche ft Fameye |- |Mind Your Business <ref>{{Cite web|author=naijaprey|date=2021-12-03|title=DopeNation – Mind Your Business (Video) Mp4 Download • NaijaPrey|url=https://www.naijaprey.com/dopenation-mind-your-business-video/,%20https://www.naijaprey.com/dopenation-mind-your-business-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=naijaprey.|language=en-US}}</ref> |Dopenation |- |Amen <ref>{{Cite web|author=kodecx|date=2023-03-09|title=VIDEO: Kuami Eugene – Amen {{!}} BaseNaija|url=https://basenaija.com/kuami-eugene-amen/|accessdate=2023-06-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164405/https://basenaija.com/kuami-eugene-amen/}}</ref> |Kuami Eugene |- |Abodie <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-26|title=2021 in review: Captain Planet makes history with monster hit song 'Abodie'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2021-in-review-Captain-Planet-makes-history-with-monster-hit-song-Abodie-1431997|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621164403/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2021-in-review-Captain-Planet-makes-history-with-monster-hit-song-Abodie-1431997}}</ref> |Captain Planet (4x4) feat. Kuami Eugene |- | rowspan="5" |2022 |<nowiki>''Metua''</nowiki><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-25|title=WATCH: Amerado – Metua Featuring Kuami Eugene – Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/watch-amerado-metua-featuring-kuami-eugene/|accessdate=2022-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> |Amerado feat. Kuami Eugene |- |"Friday Night" <ref>{{Cite web|author=IYKE|first=DJ|date=2022-09-02|title=Official Video: Lasmid – Friday Night|url=https://afromusik.com/official-video-lasmid-friday-night/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Afromusik|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621150438/https://afromusik.com/official-video-lasmid-friday-night/}}</ref> |Lasmid |- |"Sweetie" <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kumasi|date=2022-12-28|title=Download: Kwabena Kwabena – Sweetie (Official Video)|url=https://www.kumasinaija.com/download-kwabena-kwabena-sweetie-official-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Kumasi Naija|language=en-US}}</ref> |Kwabena Kwabena |- |"Jo" <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cap|first=Blogger In|date=2022-08-13|title=FBS – JO (Dance) feat Mr Drew (Official Video)|url=https://viviplay.net/fbs-jo-dance-feat-mr-drew-official-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=ViViPlay|language=en-US}}</ref> |FBS feat. Mr Drew |- |Blow <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nyame|first=Dominic|date=2022-05-12|title=Official Video: Mona 4Reall – Blow (Official Video)|url=http://www.hitzmakers.com/mona-4reall-blow-official-music-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=HitzMakers.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |Mona 4Reall |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |Cryptocurrency <ref>{{Cite web|author=Music|first=Ghana|date=2023-03-29|title=Video: Cryptocurrency by Kuami Eugene & Rotimi|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/2023/03/29/video-cryptocurrency-by-kuami-eugene-rotimi/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> |Kuami Eugene Feat. Rotimi |- |Love You <ref>{{Cite web|author=Wisdom|first=Daniel|date=2023-06-21|title=Bisa Kdei – Love You ft. KiDi (Mp3 Download)|url=https://xclusiveloaded.com/bisa-kdei-love-you-ft-kidi/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Xclusiveloaded|language=en|archivedate=2023-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621150438/https://xclusiveloaded.com/bisa-kdei-love-you-ft-kidi/}}</ref> |Bisa Kdei feat. [[KiDi]] |- |Something Must Happen <ref>{{Cite web|author=invisiblequame|date=2023-03-01|title=Download Keche – Something Must Happen (Official Music Video) {{!}} HitxGh.Com|url=https://www.hitxgh.com/keche-something-must-happen-official-music-video/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=hitxgh|language=en-US}}</ref> |Keche |- |Carry Go <ref>{{Cite web|author=Music|first=Ghana|date=2023-02-22|title=Video: Carry Go by Sista Afia|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/2023/02/22/video-carry-go-by-sista-afia/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> |Sista Afia |- |My Darling <ref>{{Cite web|author=Music|first=Ghana|date=2023-01-27|title=Video: My Darling by Akwaboah feat. Kwabena Kwabena|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/video/music-videos/2023/01/27/video-my-darling-by-akwaboah-feat-kwabena-kwabena/|accessdate=2023-06-21|work=Ghana Music|language=en-GB}}</ref> |[[Akwaboah Jnr|Akwaboah]] Feat. Kwabena Kwabena |} == Ntụaka == omenala Michael Jackson n'oge ụbọchị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, ọ malitere ịbụ abụ na-akụ ma na-egwu egwu. Ọ rọrọ nrọ imepụta ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo nwere ike ịdị ka anụ{{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Xbills Ebenezer on LinkedIn * Xbills Ebenezer's channel on YouTube * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181218030729/http://www.fruttiboxxafrica.com/tag/xbills-ebenezer/ Fruttiboxx Africa] * Official website [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4rw3e83kf21n88juhudqzz4vcu39af2 0 49541 688165 638597 2026-07-15T00:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688165 wikitext text/x-wiki Ọrụ ugbo nke cellular na-elekwasị anya na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ugbo sitere na omenala cell site na iji ngwakọta nke biotechnology, engineering tissue, molecular biology, and synthetic biology iji mepụta na chepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ nke imepụta protein, abụba na anụ ahụ ga-esi na ọrụ ugbo omenala pụta. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya na ngwaahịa anụmanụ dị ka anụ, mmiri ara ehi, na akwa, nke a na-emepụta na omenala cell kama ịzụ na igbu anụ ụlọ nke jikọtara ya na nnukwu nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi (dịka mmepụta anụ), ọdịmma anụmanụ, nchekwa nri na ahụike mmadụ. Ọrụ ugbo nke cellular bụ ngalaba akụ na ụba nke biobased. Echiche ọrụ ugbo cellular kacha mara amara bụ anụ emebere. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==   Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ugbo cellular bụ ọzụzụ sayensị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji insulin na rennet zụta ngwaahịa ọrụ ugbo cellular na njedebe narị afọ nke 20.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.new-harvest.org/about|title=About|accessdate=2016-08-08|archivedate=2020-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114002306/https://www.new-harvest.org/about}}</ref> Na Machị 24, 1990, FDA kwadoro nje bacteria e mebere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji mepụta rennet, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa mbụ ejiri mkpụrụ ndụ megharịa maka nri. Rennet bụ ngwakọta nke enzymes na-eme ka mmiri ara ehi ghọọ curds na whey n'ime cheese. Na omenala, a na-ewepụta rennet site n'ime ime nke afọ nke anọ nke ụmụ ehi. Taa, usoro ịme cheese na-eji rennet enzymes sitere na nje bacteria, fungi, ma ọ bụ yist emebere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ihi na ha adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma dị ọnụ ala karịa rennet sitere na anụmanụ..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/ncbe/gmfood/chymosin.html|title=Case Studies: Chymosin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522102627/http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/ncbe/gmfood/chymosin.html|archivedate=2016-05-22}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Jason Matheny guzobere New Harvest, nke ebumnuche ya bụ "ịkwalite ọganihu na ọrụ ugbo cellular".<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://new-harvest.org/who-we-are/|title=Who We Are|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905072502/https://www.new-harvest.org/about}}</ref> New Harvest bụ naanị nzukọ lekwasịrị anya naanị n'ịkwalite ngalaba nke ọrụ ugbo cellular ma nye ego PhD mbụ maka ọrụ ugbo cell, na Mahadum Tufts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.new-harvest.org/cellular_agriculture_tufts_university|title=Cellular Agriculture at Tufts University.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807065054/http://www.new-harvest.org/cellular_agriculture_tufts_university|archivedate=2016-08-07}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2014, IndieBio, onye na-eme ngwa ngwa bayoloji sịntetik na San Francisco, ewepụtala ọtụtụ mmalite ọrụ ugbo cellular, na-anabata Muufri (na-eme mmiri ara ehi site na omenala cell, ugbu a, nri ụbọchị zuru oke), ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla (na-eme akwa ọcha site na omenala cell), Gelzen (na-eme ihe). Gelatin sitere na nje bacteria na yist, ugbu a Geltor), Afineur (na-eme kọfị kọfị omenala) na Pembient (na-eme mpi rhino). Muufri na Ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla bụ ndị New Harvest kwadoro na mbụ. N'afọ 2015, Mercy for Animals mepụtara The Good Food Institute, nke na-akwalite ọrụ ugbo na-adabere na osisi na cellular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vegnews.com/2016/3/mfa-launches-new-sister-organization|title=MFA Launches New Sister Organization|first=Richard|author=Bowie|work=VegNews.com}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 2015, Isha Datar chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "ọrụ ugbo cellular" (nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ "cell ag") n'otu New Harvest Facebook.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Crosser|first=Nate|title=Cellular agriculture landscape|url=https://ecotech.substack.com/p/cellular-agriculture-landscape|work=Fifth Industrial|date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Useful Resources|url=https://cellularagricultureaustralia.org/useful-resources/|work=Cellular Agriculture Australia}}</ref> Na Julaị 13, 2016, New Harvest kwadoro nzukọ mba ụwa mbụ gbasara ọrụ ugbo cellular na San Francisco, [[California]].<ref name="auto1"/> N'ụbọchị sochiri nzukọ ahụ, New Harvest kwadoro ogbako mbụ mechiri emechi maka ụlọ ọrụ, agụmakwụkwọ, na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ọrụ ugbo cellular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@NewHarvestOrg/notes-from-the-2016-cellular-agriculture-innovators-workshop-c97d4df4eabb#.dow8i6r2m|title=Notes from the 2016 Cellular Agriculture Innovators' Workshop|author=Harvest|first=New|date=2016-08-04|work=Medium|accessdate=2016-08-05}}</ref> == Ngwá ọrụ nyocha == Ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ nyocha dị mkpa dị na ntọala nke nyocha na ọrụ ugbo cellular. Ndị a gụnyere: <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Talbot|first=Neil C.|date=2008-01-01|title=The Pursuit of ES Cell Lines of Domesticated Ungulates.|journal=Stem Cell Reviews|volume=4|issue=3|pages=235–254|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232876|doi=10.1007/s12015-008-9026-0|pmid=18612851}}</ref> === Akara mkpụrụ ndụ === Ihe dị mkpa na-efu efu na ọganihu nke anụ a na-emepe emepe bụ ịnweta ngwa ekwentị kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụzọ na ụkpụrụ sitere na omenala mmadụ na nke òké nwere ike emetụta ihe ndị cellular ọrụ ugbo, ọ bịara doo anya na ọtụtụ adịghị. A na-egosipụta nke a site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na usoro iwu hiwere maka ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ sel embrayo na-enwebeghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'iwepụta ahịrị sel embrayo na-adịghị edozi.. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2007|title=Challenges and prospects for the establishment of embryonic stem cells of domesticated ungulates|journal=Animal Reproduction Science|volume=98|issue=1–2|doi=10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.10.009|pmid=17097839|pages=147–68|author=Keefer|first=CL}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2008|title=The pursuit of ES cell lines of domesticated ungulates|journal=Stem Cell Rev|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1007/s12015-008-9026-0|pmid=18612851|pages=235–154|author=Talbot|first=NC|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232876}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|date=2016|doi=10.1007/978-1-4939-3483-6_5|pages=81–99|series=Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine|author=Nowak-Imialek|first=Monika|title=Fetal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine|chapter=Embryonic Stem Cells and Fetal Development Models|isbn=978-1-4939-3481-2}}</ref> Usoro dị mma maka ahịrị mkpụrụ ndụ maka ebumnuche mmepụta anụ azụlitere gụnyere anwụghị anwụ, ikike [[Iba|ịba]] ụba dị elu, nnwere onwe elu, nnwere onwe serum, na ikike imepụta anụ ahụ. Ụdị cell ndị akọwapụtara nke ọma maka ọrụ ugbo cellular nwere ike ịdị iche site na ụdị gaa n'ụdị<ref>{{Cite book|date=2013|doi=10.1007/978-1-62703-628-3_9|pages=111–23|author=Cao|first=S|title=Epiblast Stem Cells|chapter=Isolation and Culture of Bovine Embryonic Stem Cells|series=Methods in Molecular Biology|isbn=978-1-62703-627-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2012|title=Why is it so difficult to derive pluripotent stem cells in domestic ungulates?|pmid=22913556|journal=Reprod Domest Anim|volume=47|issue=Suppl 5|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02106.x|pages=11–7|author=Gandolfi|first=F}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi na-eto eto === Ụzọ omenala maka ịzụlite anụ ahụ anụmanụ na ọdịbendị gụnyere iji serum bovine fetal (FBS). FBS bụ ọbara a na-ewepụta site na nwa ehi. Ngwaahịa a na-enye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe oriri na ihe na-akpali uto, mana ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide na ihe onwunwe dị arọ iji mepụta, yana nnukwu ọdịiche dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Van der Valk|first=J|date=2010|title=Optimization of chemically defined cell culture media--replacing fetal bovine serum in mammalian in vitro methods|journal=Toxicol in Vitro|volume=24|issue=4|doi=10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.016|pmid=20362047|pages=1053–63}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ anụ ndị nwere ọdịbendị anọwo na-etinye ihe onwunwe dị mkpa na mgbasa ozi na-eto eto. Mgbe e mepụtara usoro mkpụrụ ndụ, mgbalị iji wepụ serum site na mgbasa ozi na-eto eto bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọrụ ugbo cellular dị ka serum ehi nwa ọhụrụ bụ ihe ọtụtụ nkatọ nke ọrụ ugbo cell na mmepụta anụ. O yikarịrị ka a ga-achọ usoro mgbasa ozi abụọ dị iche iche maka ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ọ bụla: mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, maka uto, na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, maka ntozu okè.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Agapakis|first=Christina|date=2012|title=Steak of the Art: The Fatal Flaws of In Vitro Meat|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2012/04/24/steak-of-the-art-the-fatal-flaws-of-in-vitro-meat/#.V6jP-Vcw3zI|journal=Discover Magazine}}</ref> === Nkà na ụzụ === Ka usoro biotechnological na-agbasa, nnwale na-amalite ịbawanye oke ọnụ, dịka a ga-emepụta ihe ndị na-eme ka mmadụ na-abawanye. Mmụba ọ bụla n'ogo ga-achọ mmelite nke akụkụ dị iche iche dị ka ọrụ unit, fluid dynamics, mass transfer, na reaction kinetics. === Ihe ndị e ji akpụ ihe === Maka mkpụrụ ndụ iji mepụta anụ ahụ, ọ na-enyere aka ka agbakwunye ihe mkpuchi iji nye ọdịdị. Scaffolds dị oke mkpa maka mkpụrụ ndụ iji mepụta anụ ahụ buru ibu karịa 100 μm n'obosara. &nbsp;Ezigbo scaffold ga-abụrịrị ihe na-adịghị egbu maka mkpụrụ ndụ, nke a na-eri eri, ma kwe ka ihe na-edozi ahụ na oxygen na-aga. Ọ ga-abụkwa ọnụ ala ma dị mfe imepụta n'ọtụtụ n'enweghị mkpa maka ụmụ anụmanụ. === Usoro anụ ahụ 3D === Nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ maka ịmepụta anụ a zụlitere na-agụnye ijikọta ihe niile gara aga nke nyocha iji mepụta nnukwu (> 100 μm n'obosara) nke anụ ahụ nke enwere ike iji mkpụrụ ndụ na-emepụta n'ìgwè mee n'enweghị mkpa maka serum, ebe scaffold dị mma maka mkpụrụ ndụ na ụmụ mmadụ.&nbsp; == Ngwa == Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka bụ maka ngwa nri, anụ a kụrụ akụ, enwere ike iji ọrụ ugbo cellular mepụta ụdị ngwaahịa ugbo ọ bụla, gụnyere ndị na-emetụbeghị ụmụ anụmanụ ịmalite, dị ka ísì ụtọ Ginkgo Biowork. === Nzukọ sayensị mba ụwa banyere anụ a kụrụ akụ === {{Reflist}} anụ a zụlitere (nke a makwaara site na aha ndị ọzọ) bụ anụ a na-emepụta site na mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=Datar|first=I|date=January 2010|title=Possibilities for an in vitro meat production system|journal=Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies|volume=11|issue=1|pages=13–22|doi=10.1016/j.ifset.2009.10.007|url=https://zenodo.org/record/7469618}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụdị ọrụ ugbo cellular, na usoro ọrụ ugbo dị otú ahụ na-enyocha n'ihe gbasara mmụba nke ndị na-azụ ahịa chọrọ protein.<ref name="Dutch">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danieladelorenzo/2022/03/17/dutch-parliament-approves-cultured-meat-tasting-within-the-netherlands/?sh=274e269460bf|work=[[Forbes.com]]|title=Dutch Parliament Approves Cultured Meat Tasting In The Netherlands|first=Daniela|author=De Lorenzo|date=17 March 2022|accessdate=8 April 2022}}</ref> A na-emepụta anụ a kụrụ akụ site na iji usoro injinia anụ ahụ nke a na-eji eme ihe na ọgwụ regenerative.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Post|first=Mark|date=4 December 2013|title=Medical technology to Produce Food|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|volume=94|issue=6|pages=1039–1041|doi=10.1002/jsfa.6474|pmid=24214798}}</ref> Jason Matheny mere ka ndị na-ege ntị mara echiche nke anụ a kụrụ akụ na ụba na mbido afọ 2000 mgbe o so dee akwụkwọ gbasara mmepụta anụ a kụziri akụ na ụba ma mepụta New Harvest, nzukọ mbụ na-enweghị uru n'ụwa nke raara onwe ya nye nyocha anụ na ''in-vitro''. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Edelman|first=PD|date=3 May 2005|title=Commentary: In Vitro-Cultured Meat Productionsystem|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7746539|journal=Tissue Engineering|volume=11|issue=5–6|pages=659–662|doi=10.1089/ten.2005.11.659|pmid=15998207|accessdate=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Schonwald|first=Josh|date=May 2009|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0906/features/future_fillet.shtml|title=Future Fillet|publisher=The University of Chicago Magazine}}</ref> Cultured meat may have the potential to address substantial global problems of the environmental impact of meat production, animal welfare, food security and [[Health|human health]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite journal|author=Bryant|first=Christopher J|title=Culture, meat, and cultured meat|journal=Journal of Animal Science|date=3 August 2020|volume=98|issue=8|pages=skaa172|doi=10.1093/jas/skaa172|pmid=32745186|issn=0021-8812}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite journal|author=Hong|first=Tae Kyung|title=Current Issues and Technical Advances in Cultured Meat Production: AReview|journal=Food Science of Animal Resources|date=May 2021|volume=41|issue=3|pages=355–372|doi=10.5851/kosfa.2021.e14|pmid=34017947|issn=2636-0772}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite journal|author=Treich|first=Nicolas|title=Cultured Meat: Promises and Challenges|journal=Environmental and Resource Economics|date=1 May 2021|volume=79|issue=1|pages=33–61|doi=10.1007/s10640-021-00551-3|pmid=33758465|language=en|issn=1573-1502}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bryant|first=Christopher J|title=Culture, meat, and cultured meat|journal=Journal of Animal Science|date=1 August 2020|volume=98|issue=8|pages=skaa172|doi=10.1093/jas/skaa172|pmid=32745186}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Treich|first=Nicolas|title=Cultured Meat: Promises and Challenges|journal=Environmental and Resource Economics|date=May 2021|volume=79|issue=1|pages=33–61|doi=10.1007/s10640-021-00551-3|pmid=33758465}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wood|first=Paul|date=2023-04-01|title="Cellular agriculture": current gaps between facts and claims regarding "cell-based meat"|journal=Animal Frontiers|volume=13|issue=2|pages=68–74|doi=10.1093/af/vfac092}}</ref> Specifically, it can be thought of in the context of the mitigation of climate change.<ref name="Dutch"/> [[Usòrò:The_Meat_Revolution_Mark_Post.webm|thumb|''The Meat Revolution'', a lecture at the World Economic Forum by Mark Post of the University of Maastricht about in vitro meat]] [[Usòrò:Lab_Grown_Meat_explained_by_New_Harvest.webm|thumb|Vidio nke New Harvest na Xprize na-akọwa mmepe nke anụ a kụrụ akụ na ụba na "ihe gbasara ndụ anụmanụ" nke protein a zụlitere na ụlọ nyocha (anụ, àkwá, mmiri ara ehi) na-akpali]] In 2013, professor Mark Post at Maastricht University pioneered a proof-of-concept for cultured meat by creating the first hamburger patty grown directly from cells. Since then, other cultured meat prototypes have gained media attention: SuperMeat opened a farm-to-fork restaurant called "The Chicken"<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kolyohin|first=Nick|title=Feature: Israeli cultured meat company aims to redefine industry|journal=Xinhua News Agency|date=2 July 2021|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/02/c_1310040282.htm|accessdate=2 July 2021}}</ref> in Tel Aviv to test consumer reaction to its "Chicken" burger,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peters|first=Adele|title=At the first lab-grown meat restaurant, you can eat a 'cultured chicken' sandwich|journal=Fast Company|date=5 November 2020|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90572093/at-the-first-lab-grown-meat-restaurant-you-can-eat-a-cultured-chicken-sandwich|accessdate=18 January 2021}}</ref> while the "world's first commercial sale of cell-cultured meat" occurred in December 2020 at the Singapore restaurant "1880", where cultured meat manufactured by the [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|US]] firm Eat Just was sold.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Scully|first=Matthew|title=Hello Cultured Meat, Goodbye to the Cruelty of Industrial Animal Farming|journal=National Review|date=17 January 2021|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/01/hello-cultured-meat-good-bye-to-the-cruelty-of-industrial-animal-farming/|accessdate=18 January 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mgbalị na mbara igwe na-elekwasị anya na anụ ndị a na-ahụkarị dị ka anụ ezì, anụ ehi, na anụ ọkụkọ nke mejupụtara ihe ka ukwuu a na-eri na mba ndị mepere emepe, <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the most consumed meat in the world?|url=https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/What-is-the-most-consumed-meat-in-the-world|accessdate=14 October 2021|archivedate=21 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021133914/https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/What-is-the-most-consumed-meat-in-the-world}}</ref> ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ dị ka Orbillion Bio lekwasịrị anya na anụ dị elu ma ọ bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe gụnyere Elk, Nwa atụrụ, Bison, na ụdị anụ ehi Wagyu. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Investors eat up Orbillion Bio's plans for lab-grown Wagyu beef, elk and bison|url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/26/investors-eat-up-orbillion-bios-plans-for-lab-grown-wagyu-beef-elk-and-bison/|accessdate=14 October 2021|date=26 April 2021}}</ref> Avant Meats ewetawo azụ grouper a zụlitere n'ahịa <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lab-grown fish makes a debut in Hong Kong|url=https://thefishsite.com/articles/lab-grown-fish-makes-a-debut-in-hong-kong|accessdate=14 October 2021|date=29 January 2021}}</ref> ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ amalitela ịzụlite ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ na nri mmiri ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Seafood Without The Sea: Will Lab-Grown Fish Hook Consumers?|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/05/05/720041152/seafood-without-the-sea-will-lab-grown-fish-hook-consumers|accessdate=14 October 2021|date=5 May 2019}}</ref> Usoro mmepụta na-agbanwe mgbe niile, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na-akpali.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=http://www.futurefood.org/in-vitro-meat/index_en.php|title=Future Food - In Vitro Meat|date=November 2018|work=futurefood.org|accessdate=26 November 2018|archivedate=27 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627013553/https://www.futurefood.org/in-vitro-meat/index_en.php}}</ref> Mmetụta nke anụ a zụlitere emeela ka mkparịta ụka gbasara ụkpụrụ omume, ahụike, gburugburu ebe obibi, ọdịbendị, na akụ na ụba.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=http://sentience-politics.org/policy-papers/cultured-meat/|title=Cultured Meat|author=Rohrheim|first=A|date=June 2016|work=Sentience Politics|accessdate=26 November 2018}}</ref> N'ihe gbasara ike ahịa, data nke ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị Good Food Institute bipụtara chọpụtara na na 2021 ụlọ ọrụ anụ a na-akụ adọta $ 140 nde na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] naanị.<ref name="Dutch"/>Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-enye anụ a kụrụ akụ na ihe omume pụrụ iche na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ole na ole dị elu, mmepụta buru ibu nke anụ a kụziri akụ amalitebeghị. [[Usòrò:Assembly_of_fibrous_muscle,_fat,_and_vascular_tissues_to_cultured_steak.webp|thumb|N'afọ 2021, ndị na-eme nchọpụta gosipụtara usoro bioprinting iji mepụta anụ a kụrụ akụ dị ka anụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Japanese scientists produce first 3D-bioprinted, marbled Wagyu beef|url=https://newatlas.com/science/world-first-lab-grown-wagyu-beef-japan/|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=New Atlas|date=25 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kang|first=Dong-Hee|title=Engineered whole cut meat-like tissue by the assembly of cell fibers using tendon-gel integrated bioprinting|journal=Nature Communications|date=24 August 2021|volume=12|issue=1|pages=5059|pmid=34429413|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-25236-9|language=en|issn=2041-1723}}</ref>]] N'afọ 2020, gọọmentị Singapore nyere ikike nchịkwa mbụ n'ụwa maka ngwaahịa anụ a zụlitere. A na-akụ anụ ọkụkọ na Bioreactor na mmiri nke amino acid, shuga, na [[Ńnú|nnu]].<ref name="Bloomberg 20192">{{Cite news|title=These $50 Chicken Nuggets Were Grown in a Lab|work=Bloomberg.com|date=October 22, 2019|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-22/clean-meat-just-chicken-nuggets-grown-in-a-lab-coming-soon|accessdate=February 27, 2020|first=Deena|author=Shanker}}</ref> Ihe oriri nke anụ ọkụkọ bụ ~70% anụ a zụlitere na ụlọ nyocha, ebe a na-eji protein Mọnk bean na ihe ndị ọzọ eme ihe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwere nkwa ịgbalịsi ike maka ọnụahịa nhata na nri ọkụkọ "ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ".<ref name="Corbyn 2020">{{Cite web|author=Corbyn|first=Zoë|title=Out of the lab and into your frying pan: the advance of cultured meat|work=the Guardian|date=January 19, 2020|url=http://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/jan/19/cultured-meat-on-its-way-to-a-table-near-you-cultivated-cells-farming-society-ethics|accessdate=February 27, 2020|archivedate=February 11, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211055549/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/jan/19/cultured-meat-on-its-way-to-a-table-near-you-cultivated-cells-farming-society-ethics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ives|first=Mike|title=Singapore Approves a Lab-Grown Meat Product, a Global First|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/business/singapore-lab-meat.html|accessdate=16 January 2021|work=The New York Times|date=2 December 2020}}</ref> === Mmiri ara ehi === * Perfect Day bụ mmalite nke San Francisco nke malitere dị ka New Harvest Dairy Project ma IndieBio mepụtara ya na 2014. Perfect Day na-eme mmiri ara ehi site na yeast kama ehi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.new-harvest.org/muufri_milk|title=Muufri Milk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609012500/http://www.new-harvest.org/muufri_milk|archivedate=2016-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muufri.com/|title=Perfect Day: All the dairy you love, with none of the dairy cows.|work=Perfect Day|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2016-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724224525/http://muufri.com/}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwere aha ya site na Muufri gaa na Perfect Day n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://perfectday.com/faqs/|title=Non-Animal Protein FAQs}}</ref> * New Culture bụ mmalite nke San Francisco nke IndieBio mepụtara na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agfundernews.com/brief-kraft-heinz-invests-in-new-culture-3-5m-seed-round-for-cell-grown-cheese.html|title=BRIEF: Kraft Heinz's VC invests in New Culture $3.5m seed round for cell-grown cheese|date=2019-09-10|work=AgFunderNews|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-16|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222053056/https://agfundernews.com/brief-kraft-heinz-invests-in-new-culture-3-5m-seed-round-for-cell-grown-cheese.html}}</ref> Ọdịbendị Ọhụrụ na-eme cheese mozzarella site na iji protein casein (protein mmiri ara ehi) nke ụmụ ahụhụ mere kama ehi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cell.ag/interview-matt-gibson-new-culture/|title=Interview: Matt Gibson, CEO of New Culture Foods|work=www.cell.ag|accessdate=2019-09-16|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222053056/https://www.cell.ag/interview-matt-gibson-new-culture/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/02/science/lab-grown-milk.html|title=Got Impossible Milk? The Quest for Lab-Made Dairy|author=Sheikh|first=Knvul|date=2019-08-02|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-09-16|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Culture|url=https://www.newculturefood.com/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=www.newculturefood.com|language=en}}</ref> * Real Vegan Cheese nke dị na San Francisco Bay-area bụ otu Open Science na-enweghị uru na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ nyocha obodo abụọ mepere emepe ma wepụ ya na asọmpi International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) na 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://realvegancheese.org/|title=Real Vegan Cheese {{!}}|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-16}}</ref> Real Vegan Cheese na-eme cheese site na iji protein casein (protein mmiri ara ehi) nke ụmụ ahụhụ mere kama ehi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/827852/fblk|title=Real Vegan Cheese!|work=Indiegogo|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-16|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222053056/https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/827852/fblk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livekindly.co/scientists-develop-real-vegan-cheese-made-lab-milk/|title=Scientists Develop 'Real Vegan Cheese' Made From Lab 'Milk' {{!}} News|author=Murray-Ragg|first=Nadia|date=2017-10-01|work=LIVEKINDLY|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-09-16|archivedate=2019-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123022252/https://www.livekindly.co/scientists-develop-real-vegan-cheese-made-lab-milk/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Vegan Cheese|url=https://www.realvegancheese.org/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Real Vegan Cheese|language=en-US}}</ref> * Formo, nke dị na Germany, bụ mmalite na-emepụta ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi site na iji nje na-agbanye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Formo - The Future Dairy from Berlin.|url=https://formo.bio/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=formo.bio}}</ref> * Imagindairy na-anwa ịmepụta mmiri ara ehi site na ihe iko achịcha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-08|title=Imagindairy plans to cut out the cow and make milk from yeast|url=https://newatlas.com/science/imagindairy-milk-yeast-cow/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=New Atlas|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-11|title=Blood, brains and burgers: The future is lab-grown everything|url=https://newatlas.com/technology/lab-grown-meat-wood-dairy-human-organs-future/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=New Atlas|language=en-US}}</ref> === Àkwá === * Ụlọ ọrụ EVERY bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite na San Francisco nke malitere dị ka New Harvest Egg Project ma IndieBio mepụtara ya na 2015. Ụlọ ọrụ EVERY na-eji ihe iko achịcha emepụta ihe ọcha àkwá kama iji àkwá.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://new-harvest.org/under-development/|title=Under Development|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2019-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611201752/https://www.new-harvest.org/clara_foods}}</ref> === Gelatin === * Geltor bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite na San Francisco nke IndieBio mepụtara na 2015. Geltor na-emepe usoro mmepụta protein nke na-eji nje bacteria na yeast emepụta gelatin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biotechin.asia/2015/12/02/gelzen-inc-making-sustainable-animal-free-gelatin/|title=Gelzen Inc. – Making sustainable, animal-free gelatin|date=December 2, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819211621/https://biotechin.asia/2015/12/02/gelzen-inc-making-sustainable-animal-free-gelatin/|archivedate=August 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gelzen.com/|title=Geltor|work=gelzen.com|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2016-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818061059/http://www.gelzen.com/}}</ref> === Kọfị === In 2021, media outlets reported that the world's first synthetic coffee products have been created by two biotechnology companies, still awaiting regulatory approvals for near-term commercialization.<ref name="synthcoffee">{{Cite news|author=Lavars|first=Nick|title=Lab-grown coffee cuts out the beans and deforestation|url=https://newatlas.com/science/lab-grown-coffee-beans-deforestation/|accessdate=18 October 2021|work=New Atlas|date=20 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="labgrown">{{Cite news|title=Eco-friendly, lab-grown coffee is on the way, but it comes with a catch|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/16/lab-grown-coffee-eco-friendly|accessdate=26 October 2021|work=The Guardian|date=16 October 2021|first=Nadra|author=Nittle|language=en}}</ref><ref name="vttresearch">{{Cite web|title=Sustainable coffee grown in Finland|url=https://www.vttresearch.com/en/news-and-ideas/sustainable-coffee-grown-finland-land-drinks-most-coffee-capita-produces-its-first|work=VTT News|date=15 September 2021|accessdate=18 October 2021|language=en}}</ref> Such products – which can be produced via cellular agriculture in bioreactors<ref name="vttresearch" /> and for which multiple companies' R&amp;amp;D have acquired substantial funding – may have equal or highly similar effects, composition and taste as natural products but use less water, generate less carbon emissions, require less labor<ref name="labgrown" />{{additional citation needed|date=October 2021}} and cause [[Kọfị|no deforestation]].<ref name="synthcoffee" /> Products that equal naturally grown coffee on the chemical molecular level technically would not be "coffee substitutes" but differ only in their method of production – and hence be "lab-grown coffee".<ref name="labgrown" /> Organizations working on cellular coffee include: * Afineur bụ mmalite nke dị na Brooklyn na-eji biotechnology na smart fermentations iji melite profaịlụ nri na uto nke nri sitere na osisi, na-amalite na kọfị aka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afineur.com|title=Home|work=AFINEUR}}</ref> === Ọbara nke ụgbala === * Sothic Bioscience bụ mmalite nke Cork nke IndieBio mepụtara na 2015. Sothic Bioscience na-ewu ikpo okwu maka mmepụta ọbara crab. Ọbara crab nke Horseshoe nwere limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), nke bụ ọkọlọtọ ọla edo na-akwado ngwá ọrụ na ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.new-harvest.org/sothic-bioscience|title=Sothic Bioscience: Protecting human lives while preserving an ancient species|accessdate=2016-08-08|archivedate=2016-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729223953/http://www.new-harvest.org/sothic-bioscience}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bitnami-lampstack-b011.cloudapp.net|title=Lampstack|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301045717/http://bitnami-lampstack-b011.cloudapp.net/|archivedate=2018-03-01}}</ref> === Azụ === Enwere ike iji ọrụ ugbo cellular mee ihe maka nri azụ azụmahịa. * Finless Foods na-arụ ọrụ iji mepụta ma mepụta ngwaahịa nri anụmanụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finlessfoods.com/|title=Finless Foods – Finless Foods|accessdate=2018-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924102222/https://finlessfoods.com/|archivedate=2018-09-24}}</ref> * Wild Type bụ mmalite nke San Francisco nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta anụ a zụrụ azụ iji dozie ihe ndị dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe, nchekwa nri, na ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2018/03/29/wild-type-raises-3-5m-to-reinvent-meat-for-the-21st-century/|title=Wild Type raises $3.5M to reinvent meat for the 21st century|date=29 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewildtype.com/|title=Home|work=Wild Type|accessdate=2018-05-09|archivedate=2019-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827034102/https://www.thewildtype.com/}}</ref> === Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ === * Ginkgo Bioworks bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na Boston na-emepụta ísì ụtọ ma na-emepụta ụmụ irighiri ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ginkgobioworks.com|title=The Organism Company - Ginkgo Bioworks|work=Ginkgo Bioworks}}</ref> === Silk === * Spiber bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị na [[Japan]] nke na-akọwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ahụ maka mmepụta nke fibroin na ududo wee mepụta nje bacteria na DNA recombinant iji mepụta protein, nke ha na-agbanye n'ime silk ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newatlas.com/spiber-synthetic-silk/28267/|title=Artificial "Spiber" silk is tougher than Kevlar|date=12 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spiber.jp/|title=Spiber株式会社|work=Spiber株式会社|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2019-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911213843/https://www.spiber.jp/}}</ref> * Bolt Threads bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị na California na-emepụta eriri silk engineered dabere na protein a na-ahụ na silk ududo nke enwere ike ịmepụta na ahịa. Bolt na-enyocha DNA nke ududo wee mepụta usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ahụ na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta eriri silk yiri ya. A na-eji shuga, mmiri, nnu, na yist eme silk nke Bolt. Site na usoro a na-akpọ wet spinning, a na-atụgharị mmiri a n'ime eriri, dịka ụzọ a na-esi eme eriri dị ka acrylic na rayon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boltthreads.com|title=Bolt Threads|work=boltthreads.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/05/11/bolt-threads-patagonia/|title=Bolt Threads Will Bring Its Spider Silk Fabric to Patagonia|author=Rao|first=Leena|date=May 11, 2016|publisher=Fortune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bolt Threads|url=https://boltthreads.com/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=boltthreads.com}}</ref> === Akpụkpọ anụ === * Modern Meadow bụ ihe na-amalite na Brooklyn na-eto collagen, protein a na-ahụ na akpụkpọ anụ, iji mee akpụkpọ anụ biofabricated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.modernmeadow.com|title=Modern Meadow – Leather re-imagined|work=modernmeadow.com}}</ref> === Nri anụ ụlọ === * Clean Meat cluster depụtara n'ihi na Animals, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Because Animals|url=https://becauseanimals.com/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Because Animals|language=en}}</ref> Wild Earth na Bond Pet Foods <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bond Pet Foods - Animal-free & Protein-Rich Pet Food|url=https://www.bondpets.com/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=Bond Pet Foods|language=en-US}}</ref> dị ka ndị sonyere n'ịmepụta nri anụ ụlọ na-eji anụ a kụrụ akụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wild Earth Announces the World's First Cell-Based Meat Developed for Dogs|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221026005209/en/Wild-Earth-Announces-the-World%E2%80%99s-First-Cell-Based-Meat-Developed-for-Dogs|work=www.businesswire.com|language=en|date=26 October 2022}}</ref> === Osisi === N'afọ 2022, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kọrọ na osisi mbụ e biri ebi na 3D. Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na ahịa (dịka na mmepụta zuru oke na ogo).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Brahambhatt|first=Rupendra|title=Science Scientists can now grow wood in a lab without cutting a single tree|url=https://interestingengineering.com/lab-grown-wood|accessdate=23 June 2022|work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Beckwith|first=Ashley L.|title=Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization of novel, 3D-printed, tunable, lab-grown plant materials generated from Zinnia elegans cell cultures|journal=Materials Today|date=1 April 2022|volume=54|pages=27–41|doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.02.012|language=en|issn=1369-7021}}</ref> == Nsogbu == == Ihe omume agụmakwụkwọ == === New Harvest Cultured Tissue Fellowship na Mahadum Tufts === Usoro jikọrọ aka n'etiti New Harvest na Tissue Engineering Research Center (TERC), atụmatụ NIH kwadoro na 2004 iji kwalite injinia anụ ahụ. Usoro mkpakọrịta ahụ na-enye ego maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Masters na PhD na Mahadum Tufts bụ ndị nwere mmasị na bioengineering tunable structures, mechanics, na biology n'ime usoro anụ ahụ 3D metụtara uru ha dị ka nri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.new-harvest.org/grants|title=Grant Opportunities, New Harvest|work=new-harvest.org|publisher=New Harvest|accessdate=July 25, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018200955/http://www.new-harvest.org/grants|archivedate=October 18, 2016}}</ref> == Nzukọ == === Nzukọ Owu Ọhụrụ === New Harvest na-eme ka ndị ọsụ ụzọ na ọrụ ugbo cellular na ndị ọhụrụ, ndị nwere mmasị site na ụlọ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ kesaa ihe mmụta dị mkpa maka ụzọ ọrụ ugbo cell na-aga n'ihu. E meela nzukọ ahụ na San Francisco, California, Brooklyn, New York, ma na-eme ya ugbu a na Cambridge, [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://new-harvest.org/|title=Home|work=New Harvest}}</ref> === Nkwekọrịta Nri na Nri Mmiri === Nzukọ nke atọ nke Industrializing Cell-Based Meats & Seafood Summit bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ na-eduzi na-ejikọta ndị isi na-eme mkpebi site na biotech na teknụzụ nri, na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ nri na anụ, na ndị na-etinye ego iji kwurịta isi ihe ịma aka na teknụgbọ maka mmepe nke anụ na nri mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://industrializingcultivatedmeats.com/|title=Industrializing Cultivated Meats & Seafood Summit|work=4th Industrializing Cultivated Meats & Seafood Summit}}</ref> === Nzukọ sayensị mba ụwa banyere anụ a kụrụ akụ === Nzukọ sayensị mba ụwa na anụ a kụrụ akụ malitere na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Maastricht na 2015, ma kpọkọta otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkachamara n'ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa iji gosipụta nyocha na mmepe ọhụrụ na anụ a na-azụ akụ. A na-eme ya kwa afọ na Maastricht, [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.culturedmeatconference.com/|title=International Conference on Cultured Meat|work=International Conference on Cultured Meat|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-02}}</ref> === Nzukọ Ezigbo Nri === Nzukọ GFI bụ ihe omume lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ahịa nke anụ dị ọcha na nke dị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goodfoodconference.com|title=Good Food Conference 2018|work=goodfoodconference.com}}</ref> === Nzukọ Nzukọ Anụ Ọdịbendị === Cultured Meat Symposium bụ nzukọ e nwere na Silicon Valley na-eme ka nghọta kachasị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mgbanwe anụ dị ọcha pụta ìhè. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kulr8.com/story/39177932/cultured-meat-symposium-announces-cell-based-meat-conference-planned-for-november-2018|title=Cultured Meat Symposium Announces Cell-Based Meat Conference Planned for November 2018|publisher=KULR8|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2018-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133405/http://www.kulr8.com/story/39177932/cultured-meat-symposium-announces-cell-based-meat-conference-planned-for-november-2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cms21.io/|title=CMS21 – Cultured Meat Symposium|work=CMS21|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2024-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827174834/https://cms21.io/}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi protein ọzọ === The Alternative Protein Show bụ "ihe omume netwọk" iji mee ka mmekorita dị mfe na "New Protein Landscape", nke gụnyere ọrụ ugbo nke osisi na nke cellular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newprotein.org/|title=The KET Maps — FoodTech Industry Landscapes|work=The KindEarth.Tech Maps}}</ref> === Nzukọ Nri Ọhụrụ === Nzukọ Nri Ọhụrụ bụ ihe omume na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ ọrụ nke na-achọ ime ka ngwa ngwa ma nye ike ihe ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ngwaahịa anụmanụ site n'ịchịkọta ndị isi. Ọ bụ nzukọ mbụ na nke kachasị ukwuu na Europe na ngwọta protein ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.new-food-conference.com/|title=New Food Conference|work=www.new-food-conference.com}}</ref> == Na mgbasa ozi == === Akwụkwọ === :* Clean Meat: How Growing Meat Without Animals Will Revolutionize Dinner and the World bụ akwụkwọ gbasara ọrụ ugbo cellular nke onye na-ahụ maka anụmanụ bụ Paul Shapiro (onye edemede) dere. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ mmalite ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a maka mmepụta ngwaahịa ugbo cellular. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cleanmeat.com/|title=Clean Meat - The Bestselling Book by Paul Shapiro|work=cleanmeat.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Clean-Meat/Paul-Shapiro/9781501189081|title=Clean Meat|date=2 January 2018|isbn=9781501189081|author=Shapiro|first=Paul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haU3Y9ooPZ8|title=Cultured Meat and Future Food Podcast Episode 03: Paul Shapiro|author=Cultured Meat Future Food|date=8 April 2018}}</ref> :* Meat Planet: Artificial Flesh and the Future of Food nke Benjamin Aldes Wurgaft bụ nsonaazụ nke afọ ise na-eme nchọpụta maka ọrụ ugbo cellular, ma na-enyocha ọchụchọ iji mepụta anụ na ụlọ nyocha, na-ajụ ihe ọ pụtara iche n'echiche na nke a bụ ọdịnihu nke nri. Ọ bụ Mahadum California Press bipụtara ya.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520295537/meat-planet?mc_cid=4282227b23&mc_eid=00ba3967ba|title=Meat Planet|date=September 2019|isbn=9780520295537|language=en|author=Wurgaft|first=Benjamin Aldes}}</ref> :* ''Ebee ka hot dogs si bịa? Akwụkwọ Ụmụaka Banyere Ọrụ Ugbo Cellular'' nke Anita Broellochs, Alex Shirazi na Illustrated nke Gabriel Gonzalez na-agbanwe ezinụlọ BBQ ka ọ bụrụ akụkọ sayensị na-akọwa etu esi eme hot dogs na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo cellular. E wepụtara akwụkwọ ahụ na Kickstarter na July 20, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/where-do-hot-dogs-come-from-childrens-book/|title=This Children's Book Wants To Inspire Future Cell-Based Meat Makers|author=Green Queen Media|date=30 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thespoon.tech/food-tech-news-food-waste-sneakers-cell-ag-childrens-book-and-bon-appetits-new-app/|title=Food Tech News: Food Waste Sneakers, Cell-Ag Children's Book, and Bon Appétit's New App|author=The Spoon|date=31 July 2021}}</ref> === Podcasts === * Cultured Meat and Future Food bụ pọdkastị banyere anụ dị ọcha na teknụzụ nri n'ọdịnihu nke Alex Shirazi kwadoro, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Shirazi {{!}} User Experience Designer|url=https://alexshirazi.com/|accessdate=2021-08-15|work=alexshirazi.com}}</ref> onye na-emepụta ahụmịhe onye ọrụ mkpanaka nke dị na Menlo Park, California, onye ọrụ ya ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na teknụgbọ ahịa. Podcast ahụ na-egosi ajụjụ ọnụ na ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ sitere na mmalite, ndị na-etinye ego, na ndị na-enweghị uru na-arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ ugbo cellular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cleanmeatpodcast.com/|title=Cultured Meat and Future Food|work=cleanmeatpodcast.com|accessdate=2024-07-12|archivedate=2019-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528141819/https://www.cleanmeatpodcast.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC33S_Bjg2Hs1tuqDdABjf0Q|title=Cultured Meat Future Food|work=YouTube}}</ref> == Akụkụ ndị yiri ya nke nyocha na mmepụta == * Ọdịbendị nri microbes na mmepụta microbial nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (dịka nke ududo silk<ref name="spider-silk">{{Cite news|title=Spider silk made by photosynthetic bacteria|url=https://phys.org/news/2020-07-spider-silk-photosynthetic-bacteria.html|accessdate=16 August 2020|work=phys.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Foong Higuchi-Takeuchi Malay Oktaviani p. 357">{{Cite journal|author=Foong|first=Choon Pin|title=A marine photosynthetic microbial cell factory as a platform for spider silk production|journal=Communications Biology|volume=3|issue=1|date=2020-07-08|issn=2399-3642|doi=10.1038/s42003-020-1099-6|pmid=32641733}}</ref> ma ọ bụ protein powder nke anyanwụ) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Growing food with air and solar power: More efficient than planting crops|url=https://phys.org/news/2021-06-food-air-solar-power-efficient.html|accessdate=11 July 2021|work=Phys.org|language=en|date=June 22, 2021|first=Bob|author=Yirka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Leger|first=Dorian|title=Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=29 June 2021|volume=118|issue=26|pages=e2015025118|doi=10.1073/pnas.2015025118|pmid=34155098|language=en|issn=0027-8424}}</ref> * Nchịkọta onwe onye nke protein osisi (dịka nke ududo silk yiri nke protein-based plastic) <ref>{{Cite news|title='Vegan spider silk' provides sustainable alternative to single-use plastics|url=https://phys.org/news/2021-06-vegan-spider-silk-sustainable-alternative.html|accessdate=11 July 2021|work=phys.org|language=en|date=June 10, 2021}}</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41467-021-23813-6">{{Cite journal|author=Kamada|first=Ayaka|title=Controlled self-assembly of plant proteins into high-performance multifunctional nanostructured films|journal=Nature Communications|date=10 June 2021|volume=12|issue=1|pages=3529|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-23813-6|pmid=34112802|language=en|issn=2041-1723}}</ref> * Ngwakọta aka na-enweghị mkpụrụ ndụ (lee Biobased economy#Agriculture) * Nri ndị na-eṅomi (dịka anụ yiri anụ na mmiri ara ehi) == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4mwn6u0yz1yfzg8ploiwc6m1psdwz22 0 51377 688102 185951 2026-07-14T19:40:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688102 wikitext text/x-wiki   Bate Besong (1954-2007) bụ onye Cameroonian onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-ede uri na onye nkatọ, onye Pierre Fandio kọwara dị ka "otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ oge niile nke ihe enwere ike ịkpọ dị ka ọgbọ nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Cameroon na Bekee." [1] Ọ nwụrụ na Machị 8, 2007, n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'okporo ụzọ Douala-Yaounde..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dibussi.com/2007/03/a_baobab_has_fa.html|title="A Baobab Has Fallen": Bate Besong is no More!!! – Dibussi Tande: Scribbles from the Den|publisher=|accessdate=30 January 2016|archivedate=16 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716041412/http://www.dibussi.com/2007/03/a_baobab_has_fa.html}}</ref> Na Julaị 18, 2008, Niyi Osundare nyere Besong ụtụ n'okwu e nyere n'oge 2008 EduArt Awards maka akwụkwọ ndị Cameroonian na bekee. Ka ọ nwetasịrị ọkwa GCE A na St. Bedes Secondary School dị na Kom, Besong nabatara na Mahadum Calabar ebe o bipụtara nchịkọta uri nwa agbọghọ ya akpọrọ Polyphemous Detainee na Skulls ndị ọzọ na 1980 tupu ọ gụchaa. Mgbe ha nọ na mahadum, Bate Besong na Ba'bila Mutia tọrọ ntọala Oracle, akwụkwọ uri nke ụmụ akwụkwọ deziri. N'ịghọta na aha ya na-apụta dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-eto eto na-enye ya amara dị ka onye Naijiria na imebi njirimara ya nke Cameroon, Besong laghachiri na Cameroon mgbe ọ gụchara MA.[4]. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Buea, ebe ọ kuziri site na 1999 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.batebesong.com/2005/02/_as_pointed_out.html#more|title=Bate Besong|publisher=|accessdate=30 January 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe emere egwuregwu ya bụ Beasts of No Nation, ndị ọrụ nchekwa steeti tọọrọ Besong ma mekpọọ ya ọnụ, ha kpọọrọ ya gaa ebe a na-amaghị ama ebe e mechara tọhapụ ya mgbe akụkọ banyere ntọrọ ya pụtara n'ihu ọha.<ref>Babila Mutia, Summit Magazine, N0 20,June 2012</ref> N'afọ 1992, o ritere ihe nrite nke Association of Nigerian Authors' Prize for Requiem for the Last Kaiser.<ref>Joyce B. Ashuntantang. Landscaping Postcoloniality: the Dissemination of Cameroon Anglophone Literature. Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG, 2009.</ref> Besong mechara nweta PhD na Literary Studies na Calabar (Nigeria). <ref>Simon Gikandi, ed. Encyclopedia of African Literature. New York: Routledge, 2003.</ref> == Akwụkwọ == aqldmu0apfhg605achxu235072g48vi 0 52602 688104 631866 2026-07-14T21:19:51Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688104 wikitext text/x-wiki   N'afọ 2009, nna nkuchi ya dinara otu nwa agbọghọ Brazil dị afọ 9 ugboro ugboro wee tụrụ ime ejima; José Sobrinho, bụ́ achịbishọp ndị Katọlik, kwuru na a chụpụrụ nne nwa agbọghọ ahụ na ndị dọkịta ite ime ahụ ozugbo n’okpuru iwu iwu obodo. Nke a kpalitere ọtụtụ nkatọ mba na mba ụwa maka omume achịbishọp ahụ. Na nzaghachi, National Conference of Bishops of Brazil kwupụtara na ọ dịghị onye a chụrụ n'ọrụ n'okwu a, na n'akwụkwọ akụkọ e bipụtara na L'Osservatore Romano, onye na-ahụ maka bioethicist nke Holy See baara achịbishọp mba maka nkwupụta ọhaneze ya. == Iwu == === Iwu ntaramahụhụ nke Brazil === Iwu Brazil kwadoro ite ime n'ihe gbasara ime ime n'ike n'ike ma ọ bụ nke ịmụ nwa ga-etinye ndụ nne n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="reuters" /> <ref name="BBC1" /> === Iwu Canon === Usoro iwu Canon nke 1983 na-ekwu na nchụpụ latae sententiae na-enweta site na "onye na-enweta afọ ime zuru oke" (Canon 1398), ma ọ bụghị ma ọ bụrụ na, dịka ọmụmaatụ, e mere omume ahụ "site n'aka onye ụjọ ji amanye. ọ bụrụgodị na ọ bụ naanị ili, ma ọ bụ n'ihi mkpa ma ọ bụ nnukwu nsogbu ọ gwụla ma omume ahụ dị njọ ma ọ bụ na-ebute mmerụ ahụ nke mkpụrụ obi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Code of Canon Law: Table of Contents|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/cic_index_en.html|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=www.vatican.va}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (January 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Isikwopụ afọ ime == Nna nkuchi ya akwaala nwa agbọghọ ahụ n'ike ruo afọ anọ.[1][2] Mgbe a chọpụtachara na ọ dị ime ejima, ndị dọkịta nọ na Recife kpebiri na ndụ ya nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ihi afọ ndụ ya, ịdị arọ ya dị kilogram 80 (36 kg), na n'ihi na ọ dị ime ejima. Dị ka Fatima Maia, onye isi ụlọọgwụ CISAM siri kwuo, ọ bụrụ na ime na-aga n'ihu, nwatakịrị ahụ nwere ike ịta ahụhụ mgbawa akpanwa na ọbara ọgbụgba, ọ na-etinyekwa ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa shuga, ọbara mgbali elu, [[eclampsia]] na ịmụ nwa ogologo ndụ.[3]. Ndị dọkịta mechara ite ime nke ụmụ ejima ahụ na 4 Maachị 2009. == Echiche na omume Sobrinho == Sobrinho kwuru na nchụpụ nke ndị okenye nyeere nwa agbọghọ ahụ aka inweta ite ime na dọkịta mere ya sitere n'omume nwa agbọghọ ahụ nwetara ite ime. O mechara kwuo na ya onwe ya achụpụghị onye ọ bụla, mana ọ bụ naanị ihe mere o ji chọpụta na ịchụpụ ya bụ ihe na-akpaghị aka nke omume ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expresso.sapo.pt/menina-violada-abortou-e-a-mae-foi-excomungada-toda-a-polemica=f502990|title=''Expresso'',"Menina violada abortou e a mãe foi excomungada: Toda a polémica", 14 March 2009|accessdate=29 July 2018|archivedate=22 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045930/http://expresso.sapo.pt/menina-violada-abortou-e-a-mae-foi-excomungada-toda-a-polemica=f502990}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://noticias.cancaonova.com/bispo-esclarece-que-aborto-e-causa-de-excomunhao-automatica/|title="Bispo esclarece que aborto é causa de excomunhão automática" (interview granted to ''Canção Nova''", 5 March 2009|accessdate=16 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221212946/http://noticias.cancaonova.com/bispo-esclarece-que-aborto-e-causa-de-excomunhao-automatica/|archivedate=21 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Arcebispo: não dei excomunhão; a lei da Igreja pune quem faz aborto|url=http://www.rainhamaria.com.br/Pagina/6529/Arcebispo-nao-dei-excomunhao-a-lei-da-Igreja-pune-quem-faz-aborto|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=www.rainhamaria.com.br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.quadrante.com.br/artigos_detalhes.asp?id=289&cat=4&pagina=1|title=Francisco Faus, "A menina, o aborto e a excomunhão"|accessdate=16 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222141248/http://www.quadrante.com.br/artigos_detalhes.asp?id=289&cat=4&pagina=1|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> O kwuru na "iwu Chineke dị elu karịa iwu mmadụ ọ bụla. Mgbe iwu mmadụ - ya bụ, iwu nke ndị omeiwu mmadụ mere - megidere iwu Chineke, iwu ahụ enweghị uru. Ndị okenye kwadoro, ndị mere ite ime a achụpụla ya. " N'ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ gbakwụnyere: "Ha gburu ndụ onye aka ya dị ọcha. [[Iwepu afọ ime|Isikwopụ afọ ime]] dị njọ karịa igbu onye toro eto. Onye aka ya dị njọ ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla nwere ike ịbụ onye aka ya, mana nwa a na-amụbeghị bụ ihe aka ya. "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2009/03/05/brazil-church-excommunicates-mom-doctors-after-raped-year-old-has-abortion/|date=5 March 2009|title=Brazil Church Excommunicates Mom, Doctors After Raped 9-Year-Old Has Abortion|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="time">{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1883598,00.html|title=Nine-Year-Old's Abortion Outrages Brazil's Catholic Church|first=Andrew|author=Downie|date=6 March 2009|work=Time}}</ref> A chụpụghị nwa agbọghọ ahụ n'ihi na a gụpụrụ ụmụaka n'ịchụpụ ha.<ref name="cnn">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/americas/03/11/brazil.rape.abortion/|publisher=CNN|title=Excommunicated doctor hailed for abortion on child rape victim|date=11 March 2009}}</ref> Achịbishọp Sobrinho na diocese ya gbakwara mbọ igbochi ite ime site n'ịgakwuru ndị nne na nna nwatakịrị ahụ, Gọvanọ Steeti na ụlọ ọgwụ ebe mbụ a nabatara ya, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kwụsịtụrụ ite ime ruo mgbe ebighi ebi. Ndị ọka iwu ya wee nye egwu iwu megide ụlọ ọgwụ nke abụọ ebe nsikwopụ afọ ime mechara mee.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Catholics For Choice Conscience VOL. XXXV—NO. 1 2014 Page 42|url=http://digital.graphcompubs.com/publication/?i=198105&p=44&view=issueViewer&pp=1|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=digital.graphcompubs.com|language=en-US}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2015)">better<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>source<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Mmeghachi omume gọọmentị == Onye isi ala [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] katọrọ ihe ọ kpọrọ "àgwà nchedo" nke achịbishọp n'okwu ebe ndị dọkịta kwuru na ha na-anwa ịzọpụta ndụ nwa agbọghọ ahụ, na-agbakwụnye, sị: "N'okwu a, ọrụ ahụike ziri ezi karịa Chọọchị" <ref name="Brazil2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/vatican-backs-excommunication-of-brazilian-mds-over-child-s-abortion-1.825367|title=Vatican backs excommunication of Brazilian MDs over child's abortion|date=7 March 2008|publisher=CBC News|accessdate=7 March 2009}}</ref> <ref name="cnn" /> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lula 'rues' Church abortion move|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7929712.stm|accessdate=13 February 2014|work=BBC News|date=6 March 2009}}</ref> Minista ahụike José Gomes Temporão kọwara ihe ọ kpọrọ ọnọdụ Chọọchị Katọlik dị ka "nke siri ike, nke siri ike na nke na-ezughị ezu". <ref name="reuters">{{Cite news|author=Grudgings|first=Stuart|title=Brazil attacks church opposition to girl's abortion|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-abortion-idUSTRE5247DU20090305|accessdate=13 February 2014|work=Reuters|date=5 March 2009}}</ref> <ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7926694.stm|publisher=BBC|first=Gary|author=Duffy|title=Rape row sparks excommunications|date=5 March 2009}}</ref> Temporão, onye na-ese okwu ugboro ugboro na Chọọchị na Ajụjụ ndị dị ka ite ime na nkesa steeti nke condoms n'efu, <ref name="reuters" /> kpọrọ ndị sonyere na mgbakọ mba maka ahụike ụmụ nwanyị ka ha kweta ọrụ ndị otu ahụike mere ite ime. <ref name="cnn" /> <ref name="DP">{{Cite news|url=http://www.old.diariodepernambuco.com.br/vidaurbana/nota.asp?materia=20090309190626|title=Médico responsável por aborto de menina é aplaudido em Brasília|date=9 March 2009|publisher=Diário de Pernambuco|accessdate=29 June 2013}}</ref> == Echiche ndị isi chọọchị == === Nzukọ Mba nke Ndị Bishọp nke Brazil === Nzukọ Mba nke Ndị Bishọp nke Brazil jụrụ atụmatụ Sobrinho. <ref name="ESP" /> Na mkparịta ụka ndị nta akụkọ, Bishọp Dimas Lara Barbosa, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Nzukọ ahụ, kwuru na a chụpụrụ nne nwa agbọghọ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na o mere ihe n'okpuru nrụgide iji zọpụta ndụ nwa ya nwanyị, nakwa na enweghị ihe ndabere iji kwupụta na a chụrụ ndị dọkịta ahụ, n'ihi na nchụpụ (na-akpaghị aka) dabere na ogo nke onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ naanị ndị "mara ma na-ese okwu" ka a chụpụ.<ref name="ESP" /><ref name="Globo">{{Cite news|author=Bresciani|first=Eduardo|title=Para CNBB, ninguém foi excomungado em caso de aborto de menina de 9 anos|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Brasil/0,,MUL1040654-5598,00-PARA+CNBB+NINGUEM+FOI+EXCOMUNGADO+EM+CASO+DE+ABORTO+DE+MENINA+DE+ANOS.html|accessdate=13 February 2014|work=O Globo|date=12 March 2009}}</ref> Na nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ, ndị nta akụkọ natara akwụkwọ gbasara nchụpụ nke onye na-ede akwụkwọ Enrique Pérez Pujol dere, onye kwusiri ike na ekwesighi itinye ntaramahụhụ ahụ n'etiti esemokwu.<ref name="ESP" /> Achịbishọp Geraldo Lyrio Rocha, onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ, zere ịza ajụjụ ma Sobrinho mere ngwa ngwa n'ikwu na nchụpụ na-akpaghị aka mere. O kwuru na "ọ dịghị mgbe ọ chọrọ imerụ onye na-emerụ ahụ, mana ọ chọrọ naanị ịdọrọ uche gaa n'ihe dị njọ nke ime ime ime n'ihu nkwenye ụfọdụ gbasara ndụ nke onye a na-amụbeghị". O kwuru na Sobrinho achụpụghị onye ọ bụla, mana o kwuru na ite ime na-agụnye ohere nke ịchụpụ ya, nke bụ ihe e bu n'obi ime ka ọ bụghị naanị otu onye kamakwa ndị Chọọchị dum mara ịdị njọ nke omume ahụ. Banyere onye dinara n'ike, o kwuru na onye dinara "anọghị na oriri nsọ" na "n'ime mmehie dị egwu", ọ bụ ezie na e depụghị ndina n'ike n'etiti mpụ ndị na-akpata nchụpụ na-akpaghị aka. O kwuru, sị: "Idi iko bụ ihe jọgburu onwe ya nke na ọ dịghị mkpa ka Chọọchị mara ya. Usoro ikpe ziri ezi nke steeti na-enye ya ntaramahụhụ maka ite ime nke ukwuu. " O kwuru na okwu banyere ịchụpụ mmadụ yiri ka o meela ka ndị mmadụ chefuo mpụ nke onye dinara mmadụ n'ike, onye chọrọ ka a taa ya ahụhụ. <ref name="ESP">{{Cite news|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,cnbb-desautoriza-iniciativa-de-bispo,338133,0.htm|title=CNBB desautoriza iniciativa de bispo|first=Luciana|author=Nunes Leal|date=13 March 2009|work=O Estadão de S.Paulo|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Globo" /> === Rino Fisichella === Akwụkwọ akụkọ Holy See na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, L'''Osservatore Romano'', bipụtara akụkọ ihu na 15 Machị 2009 site n'aka Rino Fisichella, Onye isi oche nke Pontifical Academy for Life, nke katọrọ ihe Sobrinho mere. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Top Vatican ethicist says abortion saved life of nine-year-old rape victim|date=21 April 2009|url=http://www.christiancentury.org/article/2009-04/top-vatican-ethicist-says-abortion-saved-life-nine-year-old-rape-victim|work=The Christian Century|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> Fisichella kwuru na nchụpụ ahụ na-akpaghị aka, nke mere na ilekwasị anya na ya karịa inyere aka na ịkwado nwatakịrị ahụ gosipụtara enweghị ọmịiko nke mebiri ntụkwasị obi nke ozizi na-emegide ite ime nke Chọọchị.<ref name="obrien">{{Cite book|title=The Church and Abortion: A Catholic Dissent|first=George Dennis|author=O'Brien|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYBUE1ZZNA4C&pg=PA86|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2010|isbn=9781442205796}}</ref><ref name="mines" /> Mgbe o kwughachiri nkatọ Chọọchị banyere ite ime, o dere na ọnọdụ omume siri ike n'ihi nwata nwanyị ahụ na ihe ize ndụ nye ndụ ya ma too ndị "nyere ohere ibi ndụ ma nyere aka iweghachite olileanya na ntụkwasị obi".[her]<ref name="mines" /> O dere, sị: "Kọnuche nke dọkịta na-ahụ onwe ya naanị ya mgbe a manyere ya ikpebi ihe kachasị mma ime. Nhọrọ dị ka nke ịzọpụta ndụ, ịmara na mmadụ na-etinye onye nke abụọ n'ihe ize ndụ siri ike, anaghị abịa n'ụzọ dị mfe. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 March 2009|accessdate=13 February 2014|work=The Washington Post|title=Vatican Official Defends Child's Abortion|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/20/AR2009032002415.html|first=Francis X.|author=Rocca}}</ref> Nzukọ maka ozizi nke okwukwe zaghachiri na mgbasa ozi gbasara akụkọ Fisichella na-akpọ ya aghụghọ na mmegbu. O weputara nkọwa na isiokwu ahụ emeghị ka mgbanwe nke ozizi ma kwuo na "ozizi Chọọchị banyere ite ime agbanwebeghị, ọ pụghịkwa ịgbanwe". <ref name="obrien" /> <ref name="CDF">{{Cite web|title=Clarification on procured abortion|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20090711_aborto-procurato_en.html|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=www.vatican.va}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Retractions. The Holy Office Teaches Archbishop Fisichella a Lesson|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1339277bdc4.html?eng=y|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it}}</ref> Ndị ụkọchukwu nke achịbishọp nke Olinda na Recife nwere esemokwu na Fisichella, na-ekwu na chọọchị dị n'ógbè ahụ kwadoro nwa agbọghọ ahụ na nne ya.<ref name="mines">{{Cite news|work=L'Espresso|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1337637?eng=y|date=23 March 2009|title=Drifting Mines. In Africa the Condom, in Brazil Abortion}}</ref> Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith kpebiri na Sobrinho mere "n'ụzọ dị nro". <ref name="obrien" /> <ref name="CDF" /> Ndị otu Academy nyere Fisichella vootu nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi n'ihi edemede ya, e zigakwara ya ọzọ n'afọ na-esote na Kansụl Popu maka ịkwalite ozi ọma ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vatican-academy-mulls-how-pro-life-pro-life-enough|first=John L.|author=Allen Jr.|title=Vatican academy mulls how pro-life is pro-life enough|date=30 May 2012|work=National Catholic Reporter}}</ref> === Ndị ọzọ === Giovanni Battista Re, onye isi nke Congregation for Bishops na onye isi oche nke Pontifical Commission for Latin America, kwara arịrị maka ihe ọ kpọrọ mwakpo na Chọọchị na Brazil: "Ọ bụ ihe mwute, mana ezigbo nsogbu bụ na ejima ahụ tụụrụ ime bụ mmadụ abụọ aka ha dị ọcha, ndị nwere ikike ịdị ndụ ma enweghị ike iwepụ ha. A ghaghị ichebe ndụ. "Ọ gbakwunyere na ịchụpụ ndị mere afọ ime ahụ bụ ihe ziri ezi mgbe niile. "<ref name="Brazil2" /> Nzukọ Mba nke Ndị Bishọp nke Brazil kwupụtara na nkwupụta Achịbishọp ahụ ezighi ezi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,cnbb-desautoriza-iniciativa-de-bispo,338133,0.htm|title=CNBB desautoriza iniciativa de bispo|first=Luciana|author=Nunes Leal|date=13 March 2009|work=O Estadão de S.Paulo}}</ref> Bishọp Jean-Michel di Falco nke Gap, France, katọrọ ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka ọdịdị na-adịghị ka Kraịst nke nkwupụta Sobrinho. O kwuru na ndị bishọp kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ụkọchukwu karịa ndị na-egbu mmadụ. Dị ka National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, ọ gọnahụrụ itinye Canon 1398 nke 1983 Code of Canon Law n'ọrụ n'aka nne nwa agbọghọ ahụ, n'ihi na nchụpụ dị otú ahụ anaghị emetụta onye na-eme ihe n'ihi egwu siri ike. == Mmeghachi omume ndị ọzọ == N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2009, Minista na-ahụ maka ahụike Temporão kwụsịrị emume mmeghe nke mgbakọ ahụike mba maka ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na Brasília iji jaa Olímpio Moraes, otu n'ime ndị dọkịta mere ite ime ahụ na Oge bịara. Ndị sonyere na-akụ Moraes aka.<ref name="cnn" /> <ref name="DP" /> Moraes gosipụtara ekele maka Sobrinho maka nchụpụ a, nke, o kwuru, dọtara uche na iwu mgbochi ime nke Brazil. Onye dọkịta ọzọ nke metụtara ya kwuru na ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-aga Mass, "na-ekpe ekpere, soro Chineke na-akparịta ụka, na-arịọkwa ya ka o mee ka mụ na ndị ọrụ ibe m na ndị otu ụlọ ọgwụ anyị nyere anyị aka ilekọta ndị nwere ụdị ọnọdụ ahụ.".<ref name="cnn" /> Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Nwatakịrị, na ntule ya nke January 2014 maka nrube isi nke Holy See na UN Convention on the Rights of Child, zoro aka na ikpe Brazil a. Ọ "na-agba [d] Holy See ume ka ha nyochaa ọnọdụ ya na ite ime nke na-etinye ihe ize ndụ doro anya na ndụ na ahụike nke ụmụ agbọghọ dị ime na imezi Canon 1398 gbasara ite ime n'uche iji chọpụta ọnọdụ ndị a ga-ahapụ ohere ịnweta ọrụ ime ime. "[d]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC/C/VAT/CO/2&Lang=en|title=Concluding observations on the second periodic report of the Holy See|date=25 February 2014|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=tbinternet.ohchr.org}}</ref> Human Life International nyere Sobrinho onyinye ya bụ Kadinal von Galen. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pro-life group honors Brazilian archbishop for strong stand against abortion|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=2664}}</ref> == N'omenala a ma ama == Ikpe ahụ bụ ihe ndabere nke ihe nkiri Brazil nke afọ 2012 País do Desejo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pco.org.br/conoticias/imprimir_materia.php?mat=34821|title=Mulheres - Estréia em Portugal filme brasileiro sobre o caso de Alagoinha|date=26 January 2012|accessdate=21 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220091632/http://www.pco.org.br/conoticias/imprimir_materia.php?mat=34821|archivedate=20 December 2012}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 556zl3dphuqxzql64pxkxnapp5apjj8 0 52758 688107 621090 2026-07-14T21:27:07Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688107 wikitext text/x-wiki N’ọnwa Ọktoba 2019, a mara nwoke dị afọ 61 [1] si South Wales [2] ikpe afọ 33 maka nnukwu mmejọ mmekọahụ megide ụmụ ya nwanyị atọ, ruo afọ 20, otu n'ime ha bụkwa nwa nwa ya. Ọ na-edina ụmụ ya nwanyị ugboro ugboro site na afọ 12, 13, ma ọ bụ 14, mụọ otu ụmụ ụmụ isii isii.[1][3][4][5] O mekwara ndokwa ka ndị ikom ndị ọzọ dina ụmụ ya nwaanyị n’ike.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rodger|first=James|date=18 October 2019|title='Wicked' dad who fathered six children with own daughter jailed for 40 years|language=en|work=Birmingham Mail|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/uk-news/wicked-dad-who-fathered-six-17108274}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=JAILED: Man who fathered six children with his daughter|url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/17978784.man-fathered-six-children-daughter-jailed/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019023406/https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/17978784.man-fathered-six-children-daughter-jailed/|archivedate=19 October 2019|accessdate=2023-08-04|work=Lancashire Telegraph|language=en}}</ref><ref name="18_Oct_2019_Independent" /> Enweghị ike ịkpọ aha onye mebiri iwu iji chebe aha ndụ ya niile e nyere ndị ọ na-egbu. == Mpụ == Onye mebiri iwu ahụ megharịrị, jiri aka ya mee ihe ma dinaa ụmụ ya nwanyị atọ n'ike n'ime afọ iri abụọ.<ref name="11_Oct_2019_Independent">{{Cite news|author=Rahim|first=Zamira|title=Man convicted of rape after fathering six children with own daughter|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/south-wales-man-raped-daughters-swansea-crown-court-a9152141.html|work=The Independent|date=11 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> === Ịdị ọcha === Ọ na-edozi ma na-achịkwa ụmụ ya ndị inyom site n'ịkpọ anwansi. O mikpuru ha n'ime "ụwa ụgha" nke metụtara "amoosu na ihe omimi"[1] wee mee ka ha kwenye na ha na-enweta ozi-e sitere n'aka onye isi mmụọ aha ya bụ Amelia Sanctuary, bụ nke sitere na ya n'ezie.[2][3] Ozi ndị ahụ chọrọ ka ya na ya na ndị ikom ndị ọzọ nwee mmekọahụ.<ref name="18_Oct_2019_Independent" /> === Nwa nwanyị mbụ === Ọ chịkọtara ma metọọ otu n'ime ụmụ ya nwanyị ihe dị ka afọ 20. Ọ malitere idina ya n'ike mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, na-eme ka ọ dị ime n'ime ọnwa ole na ole.<ref name="18_Oct_2019_WO">{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Jason|title=Dad who raped daughter over two decades and fathered 'at least' six children with her given 40-year sentence|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/dad-who-raped-daughter-over-17104819|work=Wales Online|date=18 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> O kwetara iduhie ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'ikwu na nna nwa ahụ bụ nwata nwoke n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ya. Mgbe ahụ nna ya dinara ya n'ike "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'abalị ọ bụla", na-eme ka ọ dị ime nke ugboro abụọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii.<ref name="12_Oct_2019_WO" /> Ọ tụụrụ ime ugboro itoolu n'ozuzu ya, na-amụ ụmụ isii. Ihe akaebe DNA gosipụtara na ọ bụ nna nke mmadụ isii ahụ.<ref name="18_Oct_2019_ITV" /> Abụọ n'ime ime ahụ kwụsịrị site na ime ọpụpụ na otu kwụsịrị site n'iburu afọ ime nke nna ya nyere ya iji zoo ya. <ref name="12_Oct_2019_WO" /><ref name="10_Oct_2019_WO">{{Cite news|author=Dalling|first=Robert|title=Dad accused of fathering children with his own daughter found guilty of 36 counts of rape|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/daughter-rape-trial-swansea-court-17009775|work=Wales Online|date=10 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> Ọ na-achịkwa ya nke ukwuu ma na-achịkọta ya n'ụzọ mmetụta uche, <ref name="18_Oct_2019_WO" /> na-ekwu dịka ọmụmaatụ: "Anyị bụ ndị mmekọ mkpụrụ obi, anyị anọwo ọnụ n'ọtụtụ ndụ. Anyị bu n'obi ịnọkọ ọnụ. "O nyere ya "mgbaaka amoosu" ma zigara ya ntụziaka ozi ịntanetị na o mere ka ọ sitere na Amelia, gụnyere ịṅụ mamịrị ya. <ref name="12_Oct_2019_WO" /><ref name="18_Oct_2019_ITV">{{Cite news|title=Man who 'systematically' raped and fathered children with own daughter for two decades handed 40-year sentence|url=https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2019-10-18/man-who-systematically-raped-daughter-for-more-than-two-decades-handed-40-year-sentence/|work=ITV News|date=18 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> Ọ zụrụ ya ka o kwere na ihe a niile bụ "nkuzi dị mma". <ref name="18_Oct_2019_BBC">{{Cite news|title=Dad who raped daughters given 40-year term at Swansea Crown Court|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-50097310|work=BBC News|date=18 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụgwọ mgbe e jidere ya, ọ gara n'ihu na-edina ya n'ike, na-etinye ụlọikwuu n'akụkụ osimiri maka nzube a. Mgbe o kpuchiri ime ya site n'inye ya mbadamba ite ime, ọ tụrụ ya egwu nke ukwuu ịchọ ọgwụgwọ ma mesịa cheta, "Enwere m oke ọkụkọ ịga ụlọ ọgwụ".<ref name="12_Oct_2019_WO" /> === Nwa nwanyị nke abụọ === Ọ dinara nwa nwanyị nke abụọ "ọtụtụ narị ugboro" ruo afọ anọ [1] n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma ma meekwa ka nwoke nke abụọ dinara ya n'ike.[2] Oge mbụ nna ya "manye ya n'ụzọ bụ isi inwe mmekọahụ" bụ n'ime ọhịa. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-edina ya "ọbụlagodi ugboro abụọ ruo atọ n'izu" n'ebe dị iche iche gụnyere ihe ndina ya na ụgbọ ala ya.[3] Nwoke nke abụọ, enyi ezinụlọ, [4] dina ya n'ike n'ime ụlọ nke ya [5] n'ime ụlọ dị nso, [4] nna ya na-ele ya.[2][5] O kwenyere na ọ kwụrụ nna ya ụgwọ.[1] O mechara gbanahụ mmegbu ahụ site n'ịhapụ ụlọ ya.[2] Na mbụ ụjọ tụrụ ya nke ukwuu ịkọ akụkọ mpụ ndị a n'ihi egwu ọ na-atụ maka "ịkwụsị mmekọrịta ya na ụmụnne ya". O mechakwara kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii akụkọ mmegbu ahụ n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu "ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ nọ n'afọ ahụ.<ref name="1_Oct_2019_BBC">{{Cite news|title=Daughter raped hundreds of times by father, Swansea court hears|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-49895115|work=BBC News|date=1 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> === Nwa nwa === Ọ chịkwara ma jiri usoro dinaa otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị nke mbụ onye ọ merụrụ  [1][2] site na mgbe ọ dị afọ 12 ma ọ bụ 13 ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Ihe àmà DNA gosiri na ọ bụ ma nna ya na nna nna ya.[3] Ọ tụrụ ya ụjọ ma chịkwaa ya site n'ịkpọku amoosu ọzọ [1] na site n'ịkpọkọta ya na ịwakpo ya mgbe ọ jụrụ ihe ọ chọrọ, na-eme ka ọ "na-atụ egwu" ịjụ ya. O zochiri mmegbu ahụ site n'ịchọ ka o zochie ya na site n'ịsị ya "Onweghị onye ga-ekwere gị, a ga-atụba gị n'ime loony bin". Ọ na-edina ya ọtụtụ ugboro n’izu n’ebe dị iche iche, dị ka ụlọ ezinaụlọ ya, ụgbọ ala ya, ndị njem ụgbọ ala na ndị nọ n’ebe ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-emetọ ya mgbe ọ nọ na mgbapụta ka e jidere ya.<ref name="3_Oct_2019_WO" /> == Ikpe == N'ọgwụgwụ Septemba 2019, onye mejọrọ ahụ gara ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe Swansea Crown maka ọnụ ọgụgụ idina mmadụ iri atọ na isii yana maka mwakpo site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye.[1] Otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị idina mmadụ n'ike bụ maka ịzụrụ ndina n'ike.[2] Ọ gọnahụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ niile.[3][4] Enweghị ike ịkpọ aha ya n'ihi mkpa iwu siri dị ichebe ahaghị aha nke ndị ọ metụtara.<ref name="3_Oct_2019_WO">{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Jason|title=Man accused of repeatedly raping young girl he had fathered with his own daughter|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/daughter-rape-trial-swansea-court-17027945|work=Wales Online|date=3 October 2019|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEvans2019">Evans, Jason (3 October 2019). [https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/daughter-rape-trial-swansea-court-17027945 "Man accused of repeatedly raping young girl he had fathered with his own daughter"]. ''Wales Online''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191004131138/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/daughter-rape-trial-swansea-court-17027945 Archived] from the original on 4 October 2019.</cite></ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, ndị ọka ikpe ji otu olu maa ya ikpe n'ihe iri atọ na asaa niile, mgbe ha tụgharịrị uche maka awa anọ na ọkara. Ọ nọgidere na-enweghị okwu n'oge ikpe ahụ <ref name="10_Oct_2019_BBC">{{Cite news|title=Father guilty of raping daughters, Swansea Crown Court hears|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-50001376|work=BBC News|date=10 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ. <ref name="14_Oct_2019_Mothership_(Singapore)">{{Cite news|author=Yeo|first=Julia|title=British man fathered 6 children with daughter, also guilty of raping his daughter's child|url=https://mothership.sg/2019/10/british-man-rape-daughter/|work=Mothership|date=14 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> Paul Jones, onye isi nnyocha na Ndị uwe ojii Dyfed-Powys, kwuru na onye omekome ahụ mere "mmebi iwu mmekọahụ kachasị njọ" <ref name="12_Oct_2019_WO">{{Cite news|author=Hembery|first=Sandra|title=The shocking testimony of a woman raped by her own father and who gave birth to his children|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/shocking-testimony-woman-raped-father-17074669|work=Wales Online|date=12 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> na mmetụta nke "esiri ike ịkọwapụta". <ref name="13_Oct_2019_New_York_Post">{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Lee|title=DNA proved British pedophile fathered 6 kids with his own daughter|url=https://nypost.com/2019/10/13/dna-proved-british-pedophile-fathered-6-kids-with-his-own-daughter/|work=New York Post|date=13 October 2019|language=en}}</ref> O kelere ndị ahụ e gburu maka "obi ike na obi iru ala ha", nke "eduga n'ikpebi onye omekome dị oke egwu". <ref name="10_Oct_2019_BBC" /> Ọ gbakwụnyere, sị: "Achọrọ m ka onye ọ bụla e metọrọ ya mara na ọ bụrụ na ị chọta obi ike ịbịa n'ihu, a ga-ewere gị n'ụzọ siri ike, ndị uwe ojii ga-arụkwa ọrụ n'akwụsịghị akwụsị iji kpọta ndị omempụ n'ụlọ ikpe.”<ref name="10_Oct_2019_WO" /> === Ikpe === Na 18 Ọktọba, Onyeikpe Paul Thomas QC tụrụ onye ahụ dara iwu mkpọrọ afọ 33, yana afọ asaa ọzọ na ikike agbatịkwuru, na-ekwu na mpụ ya "kpamkpam jọgburu onwe ya" "gbadara omimi nke rụrụ arụ".[1] Ọ gwara “onye ụjọ” na “ajọ omume” ahụ na-emetọ ya, sị: “Ị dina ha n'ike, ruo ọtụtụ narị otu narị.".<ref name="18_Oct_2019_BBC" /><ref name="18_Oct_2019_Independent">{{Cite news|author=Giordano|first=Chiara|title=Man who fathered at least six children with daughter and raped grandchild jailed for 40 years|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/man-raped-children-grandchild-south-wales-jailed-swansea-a9161611.html|work=The Independent|date=18 October 2019|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGiordano2019">Giordano, Chiara (18 October 2019). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/man-raped-children-grandchild-south-wales-jailed-swansea-a9161611.html "Man who fathered at least six children with daughter and raped grandchild jailed for 40 years"]. ''The Independent''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191019023036/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/man-raped-children-grandchild-south-wales-jailed-swansea-a9161611.html Archived] from the original on 19 October 2019.</cite></ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Kidwelly sex cult|Okpukpe mmekọahụ Kidwelly]] * Ihe gbasara Fritzl * Ikpe nke mmekọahụ na Sheffield == Ihe odide == l4tif5asd1tiaqasqqh0hidjuftdnzn 0 52778 688108 631880 2026-07-14T21:29:21Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688108 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" |2020 Njem Ụmụ nwanyị |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" |Akụkụ nke Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị na ngagharị iwe megide Donald Trump |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;" |[[File:San_Francisco_Women's_March_20200118-9139.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">San Francisco</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụbọchị | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |Jenụwarị 18, 2020 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<div class="location" style="display:inline;">United States</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụzọ e si eme ya | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |Njem ngagharị iwe |} Machị ụmụ nwanyị 2020 bụ ngagharị iwe ugboro abụọ emere na Jenụwarị 18 na Ọktọba 17, 2020 na [[Washington, D.C.]] na n'ofe United States.[1][2] Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa sonyekwara na ngagharị nke ụmụ nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ.[3] Ngosipụta a sochiri ngagharị iwe yiri nke ahụ na 2017, 2018, na 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Doug Stanglin|date=January 18, 2020|title=Women's March draws thousands, brings 'renewed energy' to start new decade: 'We are not resting'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/01/18/womens-march-2020-protest-dc-chicago-nyc/4491444002/|work=USA Today|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == N'afọ 2020, a na-eme ememme March ụmụ nwanyị kwa afọ na Jenụwarị 18, na Ọktoba 17, emere ngagharị nke abụọ n'ihi ọnwụ nke Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Machị 2020 nke ụmụ nwanyị nke mbụ nwere ike ghara inwe nlebara anya nke ukwuu ma lekwasịrị anya na mkpọsa nke ahịhịa, [1] ebe Machị nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị 2020 nwere nlebara anya karịa na itinyekwu uche na ntuli aka onye isi ala 2020 na mmegide maka usoro nhọpụta nke Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Amy. Coney Barrett.<ref name=":12" /> == Machị ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nke 2020 (Jenụwarị 18, 2020) == Emere nke mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị March 2020 na Jenụwarị 18, 2020, dabere na isiokwu atọ: ikike ọmụmụ, mbata na ọpụpụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị a bụ isiokwu atọ maka March Women's 2020, nke sochiri ya bụ isiokwu bụ “Women Rising.”[1] Machị Washington, D.C. nwere ihe dị ka ndị bịara 10,000, nke bụ obere ntụgharị ma e jiri ya tụnyere njem ndị emere n'afọ ndị gara aga. .[2] [3] Njem DC ahụ mechiri n'otu oge nke ịgbachi nkịtị tinyere na-agụ egwu egwu ụmụ nwanyị Chile, Onye Rapist in Path gị, nke na-ezite ozi nke ikwusa ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na obodo nna. [3] Martin Luther King III webatara nwunye ya, Andrea Waters King ka ọ gwa ndị gbakọtara okwu na 2020 bụ akara ngosi 100 kemgbe e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịme ntuli aka.[5] ihe omume ahụ nakwa site n'ịhazi ngagharị iwe na Chicago, ndị na-eme njem gwụchara ụzọ si Grant Park gaa Federal Plaza, ụfọdụ ndị na-eme njem na-aga ogbe ndịda Trump Tower, ebe ọnụọgụ gbadara n'ime narị otu narị njem ndị gara aga, ihe a na-elekwasị anya na njem nke mbụ bụ mgbasa ozi ndị nkịtị na ndị na-ewu ewu na ndị a ma ama.[2]. izu na-eduga na njem ahụ na Jenụwarị 2020. [1] E wezụga isi okwu nke March, a na-etinyekwa uche na mkpesa megide President Trump biri..<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{Cite news|title=Women's March protesters in D.C. and across the country pledge it's only the beginning|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/womens-march-protests-set-for-saturday-as-organizers-pledge-its-only-the-beginning/2020/01/17/9a7186b2-3945-11ea-bb7b-265f4554af6d_story.html|accessdate=2023-03-07}}</ref> == Machị ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ nke 2020 (Ọktoba 17, 2020) == === Ihe omume ndị dugara na Machị nke Abụọ nke Ụmụ nwanyị nke 2020 === E mere nke abụọ nke Women's March 2020 na October 17, 2020, n'ihi ọnwụ nke Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg na September 18, 2020, ihe na-erughị izu asatọ site na ntuli aka onye isi ala. Ọbụna ka nzukọ Women's March mere nche na Washington, D.C., iji sọpụrụ onye ikpe ziri ezi nwụrụ anwụ, Onye isi ala [[Donald Trump]] bu n'obi iji mejupụta oche Ginsburg tupu ntuli aka 2020 site na nhọpụta Amy Coney Barrett.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Women's March in D.C. draws thousands in protest of Supreme Court nominee, Trump|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/10/17/womens-march-dc-updates/|accessdate=2021-09-24}}</ref> A ga-enwe mmeri na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na Amy Coney Barrett n'ụlọ ikpe.<ref name=":1" /> Òtù Women's March, na mmekorita ya na We Demand More Coalition, haziri ngagharị a na ebumnuche iziga ozi doro anya nye gọọmentị Trump banyere atụmatụ ikpe ya gbasara nhọpụta ikpe, ọkachasị na enwere ike iwepu Roe V Wade ma ọ bụrụ na Amy Coney Barrett gafere Senate nke GOP na-achịkwa ma sonye n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pitofsky|first=Marina|date=2020-09-22|title=Women's March planned for October to protest Trump filling Ginsburg's Supreme Court seat|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/517603-womens-march-planned-for-october-to-protest-trump-filling|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=TheHill|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042617/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/517603-womens-march-planned-for-october-to-protest-trump-filling}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> Ụfọdụ n'ime ọtụtụ ikike ndị dị n'okpuru Justice Barrett ga-agụnye ikike ite ime, ikike LGBTQ, na ikike ịtụ vootu.<ref name=":4" /> === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Ngagharị nke Abụọ nke Ụmụ nwanyị === Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a lekwasịrị anya na njem a bụ maka ntuli aka 2020, ọkachasị na mmegide megide Donald Trump na nkwado nke onye mmegide ya bụ Joe Biden.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Women's Marches Bring Thousands To Washington, D.C., And Cities Nationwide|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/17/924921098/womens-marches-being-held-in-washington-d-c-cities-nationwide|accessdate=2020-10-20|work=NPR.org|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020074032/https://www.npr.org/2020/10/17/924921098/womens-marches-being-held-in-washington-d-c-cities-nationwide}}</ref> N'oge ọnwụ Ginsburg, ịtụ vootu n'oge site na akwụkwọ ozi na n'onwe ya amalitelarị n'ọtụtụ steeti dị ka Virginia na [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]]. Tinyere mgbasa ozi ndị na-eme ntụli aka maka ntuli aka 2020, ndị na-ahazi ya achọghị ọ bụghị naanị idebanye aha ndị na-atụ vootu maka ntuliaka na-abịanụ, kamakwa ha gwara ndị na-ahọrọ banyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na atụmatụ ụmụ nwanyị maka ntuli Aka 2020 na mmetụta nke ihe dị na ya.<ref name=":5" /> Ndị na-ahazi njem a chọkwara igosi ike vootu ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike inwe yana ịkwaga n'ihu na ndị na-aga n'ihu.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=North|first=Anna|date=2020-10-17|title=In 2017, women marched against Trump. Now they're marching to get rid of him.|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/10/17/21520709/womens-march-dc-2020-rbg-ginsburg-barrett|accessdate=2020-10-20|work=Vox|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020075006/https://www.vox.com/2020/10/17/21520709/womens-march-dc-2020-rbg-ginsburg-barrett}}</ref> Dị ka ọ dị na mbido afọ 2020, e nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 ọzọ gara njem ahụ na Washington DC; n'otu ụbọchị ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe omume ndị a haziri ahazi gafee mba ahụ (na steeti 50 niile) rịrị elu ruo 400, na ndị a tụrụ anya na ha sonyere 70,000. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":12" /> Na ngwụcha njem ahụ, e mere ederede-a-thon iji gbaa ndị na-eme ntụli aka ume, ọkachasị na steeti ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ka ha pụọ ma mee ntụli aka tupu na n'oge ntuli aka nke November 3, na ebumnuche nke ijikọ ụmụ nwanyị maka otu nzube ahụ. A gbara ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha tie vootu na March nke ụmụ nwanyị, na ha na ndị otu ndebanye aha ndị na-eme ntụli aka jikọrọ aka.<ref name=":02" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe bụ ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, ebumnuche ndị na-ahazi ya bụ iwulite òtù na-eme ihe ike ma lekwasị anya n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ nọ.<ref name=":4" /> E mere mgbalị ka ukwuu iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị niile, ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, dịrị n'otu iji bụrụ ndị nwere ike ịtụ vootu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=North|first=Anna|date=2020-10-17|title=In 2017, women marched against Trump. Now they're marching to get rid of him.|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/10/17/21520709/womens-march-dc-2020-rbg-ginsburg-barrett|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Vox|language=en}}</ref> === Mmetụta COVID-19 === N'ihi oria ojoo nke COVID-19, a na-atụ anya ntugharị dị ala n'ihi ngụkọ igwe ochie nke ndị bụbu ndị sonyere na ngagharị nke ụmụ nwanyị. Etinyere nlezianya anya ebe ndị na-ahazi na-arịọ onye ọ bụla ka ọ nọrọ n'ebe dị anya ma na-ekpuchi ihu mgbe ha na-aga njem ndị a. Ndị na-ahazi March nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị dụrụ ọdụ megide ndị nwere akara COVID-19 ịga na mmadụ; ha dụkwara ndị mmadụ ọdụ ka ha, ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, nọgide na-eme njem obodo kama ịga Washington DC.[1] Women's March Organisation mekwara mmemme mebere n'otu ụbọchị njem ahụ yana ndị njem ụgbọ ala maka ndị na-enweghị ike ịga njem ahụ, na-elekwasị anya na ikike ịtụ vootu na mmegide megide usoro nkwenye nke Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Amy Coney Barrett.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|author=Shacknai|first=Gabby|title=Everything You Need To Know About The October 17 Women's March|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gabbyshacknai/2020/09/30/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-october-17-womens-march/|accessdate=2020-10-04|work=Forbes|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082838/https://www.forbes.com/sites/gabbyshacknai/2020/09/30/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-october-17-womens-march/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFShacknai">Shacknai, Gabby. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/gabbyshacknai/2020/09/30/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-october-17-womens-march/ "Everything You Need To Know About The October 17 Women's March"]. ''Forbes''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082838/https://www.forbes.com/sites/gabbyshacknai/2020/09/30/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-october-17-womens-march/ Archived] from the original on 2020-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-04</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news|author=Schmidt|first=Samantha|title=Women's March plans return to D.C. in October to protest Supreme Court nomination|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/09/28/womens-march-plans-return-dc-october-protest-supreme-court-nomination/|accessdate=2020-10-04}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSchmidt">Schmidt, Samantha. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/09/28/womens-march-plans-return-dc-october-protest-supreme-court-nomination/ "Women's March plans return to D.C. in October to protest Supreme Court nomination"]. ''Washington Post''. [[ISSN (ihe njirimara)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286 0190-8286]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201003085204/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/09/28/womens-march-plans-return-dc-october-protest-supreme-court-nomination/ Archived] from the original on 2020-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-04</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|author=Schmidt|first=Samantha|title=Women's March in D.C. draws thousands in protest of Supreme Court nominee, Trump|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/10/17/womens-march-dc-updates/|accessdate=2020-10-20}}</ref> == Ebe ndị a na-anọ ==   === United States === * [[Chicago]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2020|title=Women's March Chicago expected to draw thousands to Grant Park in support of women's right and civil liberties|url=https://abc7chicago.com/politics/womens-march-chicago-expected-to-draw-thousands-to-grant-park-/5858990/|work=ABC7 Chicago|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Colorado Springs, Colorado (Jenụwarị 25) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tony Keith|date=January 17, 2020|title='Womxn's' March, formally the Women's March, scheduled for Jan. 25 in Colorado Springs|url=https://www.kktv.com/content/news/Womxns-March-formally-the-Womens-March-scheduled-for-Jan-25-in-Colorado-Springs-567095821.html|work=KKTV-11|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Dayton, Ohio<ref>{{Cite news|author=Breaking News Staff|date=January 18, 2020|title=Dayton Women's March scheduled for this afternoon|url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-women-march-scheduled-for-this-afternoon/jqPGbSgFGpfQZhLrsT3gSO/|work=Dayton Daily News|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Eugene, [[Oregon]]<ref>{{Cite news|author=Taylor Perse|date=January 16, 2020|title=The Informal Women's March|url=http://eugeneweekly.com/2020/01/16/womens-march/|work=Eugene Weekly|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Murfreesboro, Tennessee<ref>{{Cite news|author=Brinley Hineman|date=January 15, 2020|title=2020 Women's March in Murfreesboro: Workshops, training sessions and more|url=https://www.dnj.com/story/news/2020/01/15/2020-womens-march-murfreesboro-schedule-events/4424607002/|work=Murfreesboro Daily News Journal|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite news|author=Oona Goodin-Smith|date=January 17, 2020|title=With 2020 election, Women's March on Philadelphia 'more important now than ever,' organizers say|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/philadelphia-womens-march-2020-trump-election-vote-route-protest-20200117.html|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Annie McCormick|date=January 18, 2020|title=2020 Women's March on Philadelphia goes on in snow|url=https://6abc.com/society/2020-womens-march-on-philly-goes-on-in-snow/5860747/|work=6-ABC|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Seneca Falls, New York<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chris Bolt|date=January 17, 2020|title=Seneca Falls Women's March Expecting Thousands for Equal Rights, to Honor 100th Suffrage Anniversary|url=https://www.waer.org/post/seneca-falls-womens-march-expecting-thousands-equal-rights-honor-100th-suffrage-anniversary|work=WAER 88.3|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Vancouver, Washington<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jayati Ramakrishnan|date=January 16, 2020|title=Vancouver to host 2020 Women's March Saturday|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/clark-county/2020/01/vancouver-to-host-2020-womens-march-saturday.html|work=The Oregonian|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Washington, D.C. ==== California ==== * Alameda<ref name="KRON">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2020|title=Women's March 2020 kicks off across Bay Area|url=https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/womens-march-2020-kicks-off-across-bay-area/|work=KRON4|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Los Angeles<ref>{{Cite news|author=Brooke Staggs|date=January 15, 2020|title=Here's the 2020 Women's March LA route, street closures and how to join in|url=https://www.dailynews.com/heres-the-2020-womens-march-la-route-street-closures-and-how-to-join-in|work=Los Angeles Daily News|accessdate=January 18, 2020}}</ref> * Oakland<ref name="KRON" /> * Pasadena<ref>{{Cite news|author=Joey Reams|date=October 15, 2020|title=Women's March Coming to Pasadena City Hall|url=https://www.pasadenanow.com/main/womens-march-coming-to-pasadena-city-hall/|work=Pasadena Now|accessdate=October 20, 2020}}</ref> * San Francisco<ref name="KRON" /> * San Jose<ref name="KRON" /> * Walnut Creek<ref name="KRON" /> === Canada === Ọtụtụ obodo dị na Canada mere ihe omume Women's March na Jenụwarị 18, 2020. * Calgary AB<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6432275/calgary-womens-march-2020/|title=Bitter cold doesn't stop Calgarians|author=Pullen|first=Lauren|date=January 18, 2020|work=Global News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055557/https://globalnews.ca/news/6432275/calgary-womens-march-2020/|archivedate=January 27, 2020|accessdate=January 26, 2020}}</ref> * Muskoka ON <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.muskokaregion.com/news-story/9813946-determined-group-of-women-s-advocates-brave-muskoka-storm/|title=Determined group of women's advocates brave Muskoka storm|author=Hartill|first=Mary Beth|date=January 20, 2020|work=MuskokaRegion.com|accessdate=January 27, 2020|archivedate=January 27, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127075946/https://www.muskokaregion.com/news-story/9813946-determined-group-of-women-s-advocates-brave-muskoka-storm/}}</ref> * Regina SK<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-womens-march-1.5432179|title='Still fighting': Women's March takes to Regina streets|author=Williams|first=Ethan|date=January 18, 2020|work=CBC News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120210815/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-womens-march-1.5432179|archivedate=January 20, 2020|accessdate=January 27, 2020}}</ref> == Ebem si dee == b974sp2oqj3h1exk9wmtta5npdip4f5 0 52906 688119 213339 2026-07-14T21:46:41Z Aluta editor 62822 688119 wikitext text/x-wiki Nsogbu ahụ 3 bụ usoro ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo sayensị America mepụtara David Benioff, DB Weiss na Alexander Woo na mmegharị nke atọ nke usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ China ncheta nke ụwa gara aga nke onye injinia kọmpụta mbụ Liu Cixin dere. Aha ya sitere na mpịakọta nke mbụ, Nsogbu Ahụ Atọ, nke usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ma na-ezo aka na nsogbu physics oge gboo na-emetụta iwu Newton nke ngagharị na ike ndọda. Mgbanwe ndị gara aga gụnyere Nsogbu nke ahụ atọ dị na Minecraft (2014–2020) na arụrụ arụ atọ nke China (2023), ha abụọ bụ naanị na Mandarin. Usoro a, nke edobere na United Kingdom na China, na-esote ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dị iche iche bụ ndị niile na-abanye na mmepe anya nke ụwa, na-eduga na iyi egwu dị iche iche na mgbanwe mmadụ. Ọ bụ ihe onyonyo izizi Benioff na Weiss mere kemgbe mmechi nke usoro ha Game of Thrones (2011–2019) wee gbanwee akụkụ nke ntọala China izizi ka ịgụnye mkpụrụedemede na ọnọdụ mba ofesi. E wepụtara oge izizi na Netflix na Machị 21, 2024, yana nkeji asatọ wee nweta nyocha dị mma. Na Mee 2024, emegharịrị usoro a maka oge nke abụọ; a kwadoro oge nke atọ mgbe e mesịrị otu ọnwa ahụ. Usoro ahụ nwetara nhọpụta isii Primetime Emmy Award, gụnyere usoro ihe nkiri pụtara ìhè. == Mmalite == Ye Wenjie, onye China na-enyocha mbara igwe, na ndị ọchịchị na-enwe nsogbu mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọnwụ nna ya n'oge nnọkọ mgba na mgbanwe Cultural Revolution. N'ihi nzụlite sayensị ya, a na-ezigara ya n'ọsọ ndị agha nzuzo nke megide mba ndị ọzọ ka ya na ndị mbịarambịa na-akpakọrịta n'oge Agha Nzuzo. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ na-eme nhọrọ na-emetụta ọdịnihu mmadụ. Na London nke dị ugbu a, usoro igbu onwe onye dị omimi na ihe omimi nke sayensị na-eduga onye nyocha gọọmentị na otu ndị enyi a na-akpọ "Oxford Five" n'ime ihe omimi sitere na mbara ụwa. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == === Isi === * Jovan Adepo dị ka Dr. Saul Durand, onye enyemaka nyocha na onye otu "Oxford Five" <ref name="Character Guide">{{Cite web|title=3 Body Problem Cast and Character Guide|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-cast-guide|work=[[Netflix]]|accessdate=March 24, 2024}}</ref> * John Bradley dị ka Jack Rooney, onye ọchụnta ego na onye otu "Oxford Five" <ref name="Character Guide" /> (oge 1) * Rosalind Chao na Zine Tseng dị ka Dr. Ye Wenjie, Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe nke mkpebi ya dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto na-eyi ndụ nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ egwu. Chao gosipụtara onye ahụ na 2020s, ebe Tseng gosipụtara ụdị onye na-eto eto na ihe nkiri ndị mere n'oge gara aga.<ref name="Character Guide" /> * Liam Cunningham dị ka Thomas Wade, onye isi nke Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), onye bụkwa onye isi nke Strategic Intelligence Agency zuru ụwa ọnụ <ref name="Character Guide" /> * Eiza González dị ka Dr. Augustina Salazar, onye nanotechnologist na onye otu "Oxford Five" <ref name="Character Guide" /> * Jess Hong dị ka Dr. Jin Cheng, onye physics na onye otu "Oxford Five" <ref name="Character Guide" /> * Marlo Kelly dị ka Tatiana Haas, onye na-anụbigara okpukpe ọkụ n'obi ókè nke otu ụmụ mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ maka San-Ti, mmepeanya na-abụghị nke ụwa <ref name="Character Guide" /> * Alex Sharp dị ka Dr. Will Downing, onye nkuzi physics nke isii na onye otu "Oxford Five" onye a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ọrịa kansa nke anọ na mbido usoro <ref name="Character Guide" /> (oge 1) * Sea Shimooka dị ka "Sophon", usoro ọgụgụ isi dị mgbagwoju anya nke San-Ti na-eji ekwurịta okwu na ụmụ mmadụ <ref name="Character Guide" /> * Saamer Usmani dị ka Prithviraj Varma, onye ọrụ Royal Navy na enyi nwoke Cheng <ref name="Character Guide" /> * Benedict Wong dị ka Clarence "Da" Shi, onye ọrụ MI6 na-arụ ọrụ maka Wade na Strategic Intelligence Agency <ref name="Character Guide" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=3 Body Problem: Everything You Need to Know About the New Series|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-teaser-release-date|work=[[Netflix]]|accessdate=January 12, 2024|archivedate=November 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111230525/https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-teaser-release-date}}</ref> * Jonathan Pryce dị ka Mike Evans, enyi Ye Wenjie kemgbe afọ 1960 nke na-ekwekọrịta echiche ya na a ga-ewepụ mmadụ, ọ ghọkwara onye ama ama n'ime obere ìgwè mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ maka San-Ti <ref name="Character Guide" /> (oge 1) === Ịlọghachi === * Vedette Lim dị ka Vera Ye<ref name="Character Guide"/> * Eve Ridley dị ka onye na-esote<ref name="Character Guide" /> * Ben Schnetzer dị ka Mike Evans <ref name="Character Guide" /> * John Dagleish dị ka Felix * Gerard Monaco dị ka Collins * Adrian Edmondson dị ka Denys Porlock * CCH Pounder dị ka Lillian Joseph, Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations * Lan Xiya dị ka Tang Hongjing, onye Red Guard * Josh Brener dị ka Sebastian Kent === Onye ọbịa === * Mark Gatiss dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mmadụ nke na-ewere aha Isaac Newton mgbe ọ nọ na usoro ihe dị elu (VR) nke ndị ọbịa * Reece Shearsmith dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mmadụ nke nabatara aha VR Alan Turing * Conleth Hill dị ka Popu Gregory nke Iri na Atọ, onye VR * Phil Wang dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mmadụ nke nabatara aha VR Aristotle * Naoko Mori dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mmadụ nke nabatara aha VR Marie Curie * Kevin Eldon dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mmadụ nke nabatara aha VR Thomas More * Jason Forbes dị ka Omar Khayyam, onye VR * Jim Howick dị ka Harry * Nitin Ganatra dị ka Ranjit Varma * Dustin Demri-Burns dị ka Ted * Tom Wu dị ka Count of The West, onye VR * Guy Burnet dị ka Rufus * Jake Tapper dị ka onwe ya * Bobak Ferdowsi dị ka Onye nduzi ọrụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18347118/fullcredits|title="3 Body Problem" Wallfacer|work=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=March 29, 2024}}</ref> * Stacy Abalogun dị ka Thelma<ref name="Tudum">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-teaser-release-date|title=The '3 Body Problem' Teaser Has Entered the Orbit|work=[[Netflix]]|accessdate=June 21, 2023|archivedate=November 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111230525/https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-teaser-release-date}}</ref> == Ihe omume == {{Episode table|background=#571F0A|overall=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|released=y|episodes={{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 1 |Title = [[Countdown (3 Body Problem)|Countdown]] |DirectedBy = [[Derek Tsang]] |WrittenBy = [[David Benioff]] & [[D. B. Weiss]] & [[Alexander Woo]] |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = In 1960s China during the [[Cultural Revolution]], Ye Wenjie witnesses her father being beaten to death in a [[struggle session]]. After she is discovered to be in possession of a copy of ''[[Silent Spring]]'', which was banned, Ye is transferred to a remote military base with a large [[radio telescope]] dish intended for interstellar communications. In present day UK, [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] physicist Vera Ye (the daughter of Ye Wenjie) dies by suicide. A group of Vera's former physics students — Auggie Salazar, Jack Rooney, Jin Cheng, Saul Durand, and Will Downing — discuss how recent science experiments have stopped making sense. Clarence "Da" Shi, a British detective working for the Strategic Intelligence Agency, comes across multiple suicides by scientists, several of whom possessed an impossibly advanced [[virtual reality]] (VR) gaming headset. Ye Wenjie offers Vera's VR headset to physicist Jin. Auggie, a materials scientist, starts seeing a countdown timer{{snd}}visible only to her{{snd}}floating in her line of vision. An unknown woman (later revealed as Tatiana) tells Auggie to abandon her breakthrough [[nanofiber]] research if she wants the countdown to disappear. The woman also tells Auggie to watch the sky at midnight. The night sky ends up flashing a pattern that matches Auggie's countdown timer, violating all known laws of physics. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 2 |Title = [[Red Coast]] |DirectedBy = Derek Tsang |WrittenBy = Rose Cartwright |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = In 1970s China, Ye Wenjie continues her work at the [[SETI]] site and realizes that the sun can amplify radio signals. However, a colleague claims ownership of her proposal to exploit that possibility, and she is chastised for not rejecting it due to the symbolism of [[Mao Zedong]] being China's "Red Sun". Ye spitefully, and clandestinely, implements the plan regardless, broadcasting a message to the universe. She later meets Mike Evans, a radical environmentalist, and receives a radio response from a [[pacifist]] alien warning her not to make contact again, as the other aliens on that planet would be eager to invade Earth. Disillusioned with the world, Ye replies anyway, saying humanity can no longer save itself and that she will help the aliens gain control of Earth. In the present day, after successfully demonstrating her nanofiber technology, Auggie orders the research to be halted, after which the countdown timer disappears from her vision. Using the VR headset from Ye, Jin advances through the 3 Body video game. She shows the headset to Jack, only for the interface to swiftly reject him. Later, a similar headset is delivered to his home with an invitation to play the game. Will confides in Jack that he is dying of [[pancreatic cancer]]. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 3 |Title = [[Destroyer of Worlds (3 Body Problem)|Destroyer of Worlds]] |DirectedBy = [[Andrew Stanton]] |WrittenBy = Alexander Woo |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = In the present, Auggie discovers Jack's gaming headset and tries it on, only to be violently ejected. Distraught, she demands Jin and Jack stop playing, but they press on. When Auggie powers up her nanofiber project, the countdown returns and she again hastily shuts the project down. Within the game, Jin and Jack collaborate and complete levels 2 and 3. It is revealed the headset is actually a recruitment tool used by Mike Evans, who is now a wealthy oil tycoon and has been communicating regularly with the aliens. Level 4 takes place in the real world; Jack and Jin meet Tatiana, who does not appear on any surveillance cameras. In the game, they are shown the alien civilization's evolution in a star system containing a [[n-body problem|three body problem]] four light years away and their subsequent departure for Earth. Jack rejects this narrative and asks to leave. He is allowed to but is later murdered at his house by Tatiana. Neither Clarence, who's staking out Jack's house, nor any of the 18 interior security cameras can sense Tatiana's presence. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 4 |Title = [[Our Lord (3 Body Problem)|Our Lord]] |DirectedBy = Minkie Spiro |WrittenBy = Madhuri Shekar |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = In 1985, somewhere in the North Atlantic, Evans takes Ye Wenjie to his ship, ''Judgment Day'', a vessel from which they can use advanced satellite technology to communicate with the aliens, who are called San-Ti (Trisolarans). In 2024, following Jack's murder, Thomas Wade (Clarence's superior) and Clarence enlist Jin's help in infiltrating Evans' secret organization to collect intelligence. Under Wade and Clarence's guidance, Jin attends a secret countryside meeting where Ye Wenjie reveals herself to be its leader and that the purpose of the Earth-Trisolaris movement is to help the San-Ti arrive and take over the Earth. British security forces raid the meeting. After realizing Jin is a spy, Tatiana attempts to assassinate her, sparking a shootout. Tatiana escapes but Ye Wenjie and most of the cultists are captured. Meanwhile, Evans tells the story of [[Little Red Riding Hood]] and the [[Big Bad Wolf]] to a San-Ti liaison. However, the San-Ti struggle to understand the concept of fiction. The liaison chillingly interprets the story as a testament to human deception and claims they cannot coexist with humanity. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 5 |Title = [[Judgment Day (3 Body Problem)|Judgment Day]] |DirectedBy = Minkie Spiro |WrittenBy = David Benioff & D. B. Weiss |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = Clarence interrogates Ye Wenjie, who claims the San-Ti allowed her to be captured because she is no longer needed. Evans' ship, ''Judgment Day'', is scheduled to go through the [[Panama Canal]]. Wade enlists Auggie and a [[Royal Navy]] team — headed by Raj, Jin's boyfriend — to obtain the data onboard. Auggie's nanofibers are used to horizontally slice through the ship, killing everyone aboard. Wade's team locates the [[data disk]] and tries to decrypt it, which the San-Ti allow. Wade plays Ye Wenjie the recording of the San-Ti's confusion over humanity's ability to lie. Jin and Wade open a file in the data disk using the VR headsets. The San-Ti avatar are using a pair of Sophons{{snd}}each a single [[proton]], unfolded in a [[String theory|high-dimension]] to massive size, forming a sentient [[supercomputer]]{{snd}}to cause the anomalous effects observed in [[particle accelerator]]s and in people's vision,{{efn|This includes humanity seeing the stars flash though cameras did not register it, as well as the countdown visible to scores of scientists but no one else ("[[Countdown (3 Body Problem)|Countdown]]").}} while allowing instantaneous communication with their fleet. The avatar details how crippling Earth's scientific advancement will prevent humans from technologically surpassing them before they arrive. A Sophon expands to envelop the planet, while displaying the message "YOU ARE BUGS" on all electronic displays on Earth, revealing the existence and power of the San-Ti. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 6 |Title = [[The Stars Our Destination (3 Body Problem)|The Stars Our Destination]] |DirectedBy = Minkie Spiro |WrittenBy = Alexander Woo |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = The "Eye in the Sky" incident causes worldwide panic. Wade and the PDC (Planetary Defense Council) gather a group of experts to discuss how to intercept the San-Ti fleet. It is established that if a probe were to reach at least 1% light speed, it would intercept the incoming ships in 200 years, giving Earth 200 years' advance knowledge. Jin proposes the Staircase Project, using a thousand [[Nuclear pulse propulsion|nuclear bombs as propulsion sources]] for a probe with [[solar sail|radiation sails]]. Based on Raj's performance in [[Panama]], he is granted permission to join the PDC. Auggie, repulsed by the deadly use of her nanofibers against ''Judgment Day'', becomes depressed and reluctant to further assist the PDC. Clarence asks Ye Wenjie why Vera Ye committed suicide, to which she responds that Vera discovered her mother's dealings with the San-Ti through Ye Wenjie's correspondence with Evans. Clarence releases Ye Wenjie and assigns an officer to keep track of her whereabouts. Due to his illness and medication, Will hallucinates and reflects on his unrequited love towards Jin. As a result, he visits The Stars our Destination Foundation to purchase the star DX3906 for her. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 7 |Title = [[Only Advance]] |DirectedBy = [[Jeremy Podeswa]] |WrittenBy = David Benioff & D. B. Weiss |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = The ownership certificate of star DX3906 is sent anonymously to Jin. Wade demonstrates [[Cryonics|cryogenic technology]] to PDC members, reviving a chimpanzee who had been in cryo-sleep. He plans to enter cryo-sleep himself to be present when the San-Ti arrive in 400 years, stating that humanity can "Only advance." Due to insufficient nuclear bombs for use as propulsion, the maximum payload of the interstellar probe will only be enough to hold a human brain. Auggie makes her nanofiber research public and leaves the country. Given Will's imminent death from cancer, Wade suggests he fill the candidacy as the brain in the Staircase Project. Ye Wenjie meets with Saul and attempts to pass on her knowledge about cosmic sociology in the form of a joke that the San-Ti will have difficulty deciphering, saying, "Don't play with God." Will consents to the Staircase Project and [[euthanasia|euthanizes]] himself with Saul at his side. Jin, discovering DX3906 was a gift from Will, rushes to the hospital only to find his brain has already been extracted. Ye Wenjie flies back to China and visits the Red Coast dish site, where she encounters Tatiana, who kills her on orders from the San-Ti. |LineColor = 571F0A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 8 |Title = [[Wallfacer (3 Body Problem)|Wallfacer]] |DirectedBy = Jeremy Podeswa |WrittenBy = David Benioff & D. B. Weiss |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|3|21}} |ShortSummary = After a one-night stand, Saul's lover is hit by an errant car and dies in front of him. Clarence's investigation reveals that it was a San-Ti assassination attempt, with Saul as the intended victim. Saul is taken into protective custody and flown to the [[United Nations]], where the Wallfacer Project is announced. Saul is selected as one of three Wallfacers who are each tasked to develop a plan to defeat the San-Ti contained entirely within their own minds, as the San-Ti are unable to read minds. Saul tries to reject his position and leaves the UN, only to be shot by a sniper. He survives thanks to his bulletproof clothing and reconsiders why the San-Ti want him dead. Wade and Jin oversee the Staircase Project, where Will's cryogenically frozen brain is launched into space, in hope that the San-Ti will intercept and reconstruct his body with it. Shortly after the detonation sequence starts, the sail malfunctions and sends the probe off course. The San-Ti liaison taunts Wade for his failure. Clarence takes a despondent Jin and similarly depressive Saul to see a swarm of [[cicada]]s, insects that have survived despite humanity's decades-long attempts to eradicate them, implying humanity has the same resilience. |LineColor = 571F0A }}}} == Mmepụta == === Ọganihu === Ekwuwapụtara ya na Septemba 2020 na David Benioff na D. B. Weiss na-emepụta mmegharị onyonyo nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na Netflix, ya na Alexander Woo na-edekọ ihe n'akụkụ ha.[1] Benioff na Weiss ekwuola na ha dị njikere imeghari trilogy dum, nke ha na-atụ anya na ọ ga-achọ oge atọ ma ọ bụ anọ.<ref name="ESQ-20240321">{{Cite news|author=Britt|first=Ryan|title=3 Body Problem Season 2: Everything We Know So Far - What does the future hold for the human race? And what about the San-Ti?|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/a60268533/3-body-problem-season-2-cast-news/|date=March 21, 2024|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|accessdate=March 25, 2024}}</ref><ref name="FRBS-20240322">{{Cite news|author=Mercuri|first=Monica|title=Will There Be A '3 Body Problem' Season 2 On Netflix? Here's What To Know|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/monicamercuri/2024/03/22/will-there-be-a-3-body-problem-season-2-on-netflix-heres-what-to-know|date=March 22, 2024|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=March 23, 2024}}</ref><ref name="FRBS-20240323">{{Cite news|author=Tassi|first=Paul|title=Netflix Is In A Bind With '3 Body Problem' Season 2|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2024/03/23/netflix-is-in-a-bind-with-3-body-problem-season-2/|date=March 23, 2024|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=March 24, 2024}}</ref> Na Disemba 25, 2020, Lin Qi, onye nchoputa egwuregwu Yoozoo na onye nrụpụta ọrụ na Nsogbu Ahụ 3, nwụrụ mgbe ọ risịrị mmanya na-egbu egbu, [1] ya na mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ dara ọrịa.[2] A mara onye isi na egwuregwu Yoozoo, Xu Yao, ikpe ọnwụ maka igbu ọchụ na Machị 2024, ụbọchị ka ewepụtara usoro ahụ na Netflix.[1] Lin zụtara ikike nke akwụkwọ aha aha wee were Xu Yao, onye ọka iwu, n'afọ 2017, ka o jikwaa ikike nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Liu; nsị bụ mgbalị Xu iji weghara ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke nwere ikike nke usoro ahụ.[3] Na Mee 15, 2024, Netflix megharịrị usoro a maka oge nke abụọ.[4] Na Mee 31, 2024, Benioff, Weiss na Woo kwadoro na emegharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge 2–3 n'oge ụlọ ọrụ Television Academy 3 Body Problem panel na Netflix FYSEE oghere na Sunset Las Palmas na Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-renewed|title=3 Body Problem Will Return For Seasons 2 and 3|work=[[Netflix Tudum]]|first=Tara|author=Bitran|date=May 31, 2024|accessdate=June 1, 2024|archivedate=June 1, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601015648/https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-renewed}}</ref> === Nchịkọta === N'August 2021, Eiza González banyere na mkparita uka isonye na nkedo.[1] N'otu ọnwa ahụ, a goro Derek Tsang ka ọ duzie ihe omume pilot.[2] A ga-akwado González dị ka isonyere ihe nkedo n'ọnwa Ọktoba ahụ, yana ihe nkedo ndị ọzọ gụnyere Benedict Wong, Tsai Chin, John Bradley, Liam Cunningham na Jovan Adepo.[3] Na June 2022, agbakwunyere Jonathan Pryce, Rosalind Chao, Ben Schnetzer na Eve Ridley na nkedo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hibberd|first=James|title=Netflix's '3 Body Problem' Casts Four More Actors, Including 'Game of Thrones' Alum (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-3-body-cast-1235169990/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=June 23, 2022|accessdate=June 23, 2022|archivedate=August 17, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817085425/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-3-body-cast-1235169990/}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri === Mmepụta nke usoro ahụ malitere na Nọvemba 8, 2021, na isi foto na-ewere ọnọdụ na United Kingdom. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Three-Body Problem|url=https://productionlist.com/production/three-body-problem/|work=Production Listing|accessdate=January 20, 2022|archivedate=May 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526175828/https://productionlist.com/production/three-body-problem/}}</ref> E mere ihe nkiri na London ihe karịrị ọnwa itoolu n'etiti Ọktọba 2021 na etiti 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Croot|first=James|title=3 Body Problem's Kiwi star on trading Brokenwood for one of the biggest shows on the planet|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/culture/350247248/3-body-problems-kiwi-star-trading-brokenwood-one-biggest-shows-planet|accessdate=April 21, 2024|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> Na ihe omume Tudum 2022 nke Netflix, Alexander Woo, David Benioff, na D.B. Weiss kwupụtara na emechaala mmepụta nke oge mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/28/23375177/netflix-3-body-problem-tudum-db-weiss-david-benioff|title=Netflix doesn't seem to know how to talk about its 3 Body Problem show|work=Verge|date=September 28, 2022|first=Charles|author=Pulliam-Moore|accessdate=April 29, 2024}}</ref> A kọrọ na Netflix mefuru nde $ 20 kwa ihe omume, <ref name="nyt-sm-24">{{Cite news|author=Stewart|first=James B.|title=The Future of Streaming (According to the Moguls Figuring It Out)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/22/technology/netflix-amazon-disney-sony-streaming.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 22, 2024|accessdate=June 22, 2024}}</ref> maka ngụkọta mmefu ego nke nde $ 160 maka oge mbụ. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Wendy|author=Lee|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2024-03-21/will-netflixs-3-body-problem-be-a-hit-like-game-of-thrones|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321102231/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2024-03-21/will-netflixs-3-body-problem-be-a-hit-like-game-of-thrones|title=They made 'Game of Thrones' into blockbuster TV. Why they went full sci-fi for Netflix|archivedate=March 21, 2024|date=March 21, 2024|accessdate=August 6, 2024}}</ref>  == Ntọhapụ == A tọhapụrụ 3 Body Problem na Machị 21, 2024. <ref name="Seriespremieredate">{{Cite web|author=Eddy|first=Cheryl|date=November 10, 2023|title=Netflix Reveals 3 Body Problem Adaptation Clip—and Its Release Date|url=https://gizmodo.com/netflix-3-body-problem-series-new-clip-release-date-1851011646|accessdate=November 10, 2023|work=Gizmodo|language=en|archivedate=November 10, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110214849/https://gizmodo.com/netflix-3-body-problem-series-new-clip-release-date-1851011646}}</ref> A mara ọkwa na Jason Concepcion na [[Maggie Aderin-Pocock]] ga-akwado Podcast n'akụkụ ya. <ref name="Tudum"/> Na Jenụwarị 10, 2024, SXSW Film &amp;amp; TV Festival kwupụtara 3 Body Problem dị ka Opening Night TV Premiere.<ref name="Seriespremiereevent">{{Cite web|author=Cruz|first=Olivia|date=January 10, 2024|title=2024 SXSW Film & TV Festival Lineup announced with 3 Body Problem as the Opening Night TV Premiere|url=https://www.sxsw.com/film/2024/sxsw-film-and-tv-festival-lineup-announced-with-3-body-problem-as-the-opening-night-tv-premiere/|accessdate=January 22, 2024|work=SXSW|language=en|archivedate=January 22, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122200111/https://www.sxsw.com/film/2024/sxsw-film-and-tv-festival-lineup-announced-with-3-body-problem-as-the-opening-night-tv-premiere/}}</ref> == Nnakwere == === Nzaghachi nkatọ === Onye nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes kọrọ na 79% nkwado na nkezi nke 6.9/10, dabere na nyocha ndị nkatọ 112. Nkwekọrịta nke ndị nkatọ nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-agụ, "Na-eji obi ụtọ na-akpali akpali akọwapụta ihe isi iyi ya, oge mbụ nke 3 Body Problem na-egosi mmalite siri ike nke kwesịrị ịhapụ ndị na-akwado sci-fi na-achọsi ike maka ihe ndị ọzọ. " Metacritic nyere ya akara nke 70 n'ime 100, dabere na ndị nkatọ 41, na-egosi "n'ozuzu nyocha dị mma". Cindy White nke The A.V. Club nyere usoro ahụ B+ wee sị, "Ọ nwere ike iyi uwe nke telivishọn a ma ama, mana n'okpuru ya ọ bụ naanị ihe ngosi sayensị na-atọ ọchị, nke na-ekwusi ike na sayensị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/3-body-problem-review-tv-netflix-sci-fi-game-of-thrones-1851337433|title=''3 Body Problem'' review: So is this the next Game Of Thrones?|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|first=Cindy|author=White|date=March 18, 2024|accessdate=April 7, 2024}}</ref> N'ịtụleghachi usoro maka ''USA Taa'', Kelly Lawler nyere ọkwa nke 3/4 wee dee, "Benioff, Weiss na Woo weere akwụkwọ atọ nke a maara nke ọma maka nnwale echiche ya na nkà ihe ọmụma na physics karịa ihe omimi anyị na ihe omimi nke Cluster ka anyị ga-eme ka anyị ga ndị na-eme ka ihe omimi: N's.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2024/03/21/3-body-problem-netflix-review/73016994007/|title=Review: '3 Body Problem' is way more than 'Game of Thrones' with aliens|work=[[USA Today]]|first=Kelly|author=Lawler|date=March 21, 2024|accessdate=April 7, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/03/22/1239945610/3-body-problem-review-netflix-sci-fi|title=Aliens attack science in '3 Body Problem,' a new adaptation of a Chinese sci-fi novel|work=[[NPR]]|first=Eric|author=Deggans|date=March 22, 2024|accessdate=April 7, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ma|first=Wenlei|date=March 18, 2024|editor=De Ceglie|title=REVIEW: 3 Body Problem is a sprawling, ambitious adaptation of Liu Cixin's acclaimed sci fi trilogy|url=https://thenightly.com.au/culture/tv/review-3-body-problem-is-a-sprawling-ambitious-adaptation-of-liu-cixins-acclaimed-sci-fi-trilogy--c-14001839|accessdate=April 7, 2024|work=[[The Nightly]]|publisher=[[Seven West Media]]}}</ref> Ben Travers nke IndieWire nyere nyocha dị oke egwu, na-ede na "3 Body Problem bụ drag na-agbasa agbasa, na-agbagwoju anya n'iji CGI na-agbanwe agbanwe eme ihe iji gosipụta mkpa nke akụkọ ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị njọ n'ụzọ ọ na-esi eme ihe maka mmepe onye na nsogbu nke ịdị adị. Ọ dị mfe ịchọta na ndị otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị a dị omimi - ka ha na-anwa ịchọpụta ihe mere ọtụtụ n'ime ha ji nwụọ - ọ dị mkpirikpi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Travers|first=Ben|title='3 Body Problem' Review: David Benioff and D.B. Weiss' Netflix Debut Is a Brutal Dud|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/shows/3-body-problem-review-netflix-adaptation-bore-1234961409/|work=[[IndieWire]]|accessdate=April 21, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417024359/https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/shows/3-body-problem-review-netflix-adaptation-bore-1234961409/|archivedate=April 17, 2024|date=March 9, 2024}}</ref> Charles Pulli-eme n'ọdịnihu dị ka oge Liu Bissing, ọ dị ka anyị ga-eme ka anyị gafere.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Pulliam-Moore|first=Charles|title=Netflix's 3 Body Problem adaptation channels the book's spirit but not its brilliance|url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/3/21/24102256/netflix-3-body-problem-review|accessdate=April 21, 2024|work=[[The Verge]]|date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> === Nzaghachi na China === ''3 Nsogbu Ahụ'' nwetara nzaghachi dị iche iche na China. Ọ bụ ezie na Netflix na-egbochi n'ebe ahụ, ndị na-ekiri nwere ike iji VPNs zere ihe mgbochi ala, ma ọ bụ lelee nsụgharị ndị ohi.<ref name="CNN Chinese response">{{Cite news|author=Gan|first=Nectar|date=March 22, 2024|title=Netflix blockbuster '3 Body Problem' divides opinion and sparks nationalist anger in China|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/22/style/china-reaction-netflix-show-3-body-problem-intl-hnk/index.html|accessdate=March 25, 2024|work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Dị ka ''The Guardian'' si kwuo, a gụrụ hashtag 3 Body Problem ugboro ijeri 2.3 ma kwurịta ya ugboro 1.424 nde na usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta China bụ Weibo.<ref name="The Guardian 25 Mar 2024">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Helen|date=March 22, 2024|title='Flat and shallow': Netflix's 3 Body Problem divides viewers in China|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/22/netflix-3-body-problem-divides-viewers-china|accessdate=March 25, 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ndị na-ekiri ya katọrọ agbụrụ na Mgbanwe nwoke na nwanyị nke ọtụtụ ndị isi, omenala, yana "dumbing-down" nke echiche iji mee ka ndị na-abụghị ndị China mara, ma jiri ya tụnyere nke ọma na mmemme telivishọn China nke 2023, nke nwetara otuto dị ukwuu n'ebe ahụ.<ref name="CNN Chinese response" /><ref name="The Guardian 25 Mar 2024" /> Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nyocha ihe nkiri nke China bụ Mtszimu toro mgbanwe Netflix dị ka "ọ bụghị naanị nkọwa ọhụrụ nke ọrụ mbụ Liu Cixin kamakwa onyinye dị mkpa maka akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị zuru ụwa ọnụ".<ref name="The Guardian 25 Mar 2024" /> China Military Online, akwụkwọ akụkọ gọọmentị nke People's Liberation Army, katọrọ usoro ahụ maka ijigide ndị China ọjọọ ka ha na-ewepụ ihe ngosi nke mmepe nke oge a nke mba ahụ.<ref name="SCMP20240331">{{Cite news|author=Zhao|first=Ziwen|title=Chinese state media say Netflix's 3 Body Problem pushes US 'cultural hegemony'|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3257378/chinese-state-media-accuse-netflix-series-3-body-problem-pushing-american-cultural-hegemony|accessdate=April 1, 2024|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=March 31, 2024|language=en}}</ref> N'ịzaghachi nkatọ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta banyere agbụrụ, onye otu Benedict Wong kwuru na Liu nyere ndị na-eme ihe ngosi ngọzi ya iji mee ka akụkọ ahụ gaa n'ụwa niile. Wong kwukwara na ọtụtụ ndị Eshia gụnyere onwe ha, Jess Hong, Rosalind Chao na Zine Tseng. Hong na Chao kwukwara na mgbanwe Netflix chebere ihe ngosi nke akụkọ ahụ banyere Mgbanwe Ọdịbendị na ihe nketa ya. Hong kwuru na mgbanwe ahụ chọrọ "ịgbasa akụkọ nke lekwasịrị anya n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'echiche Ọdịda Anyanwụ, echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ihi na, anyị niile si mba dị iche iche, maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ị ga-adọta akụkọ ndị a niile n'otu isi mmetụta uche, nke dị nnọọ mma. "<ref>{{Cite news|author=Lee|first=Tony|title='3 Body Problem' cast addresses whitewashing criticism from fans of original Chinese novels|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/3-body-problem-cast-rcna144545|accessdate=March 27, 2024|work=[[NBC News]]|date=March 26, 2024}}</ref> Aja Romano nke Vox tụrụ aro na mgbasa ozi gabigara mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke China iwe nke mba megide ihe ngosi Netflix. Ha chọpụtakwara na ndị na-ege ntị na China "na-eto ihe ngosi ahụ ma na-akatọ ya n'akụkụ hà nhata", ma kesaa nkọwa nkatọ yiri nke ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ, na-emesi ike na nkatọ nke ihe ngosi ahụ bụ nke ụwa niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/24125194/netflix-3-body-problem-backlash-china-changes-criticism|title=The Chinese backlash over Netflix's 3 Body Problem, explained|work=[[Vox Media]]|date=April 12, 2024|first=Aja|author=Romano|accessdate=April 29, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509202104/https://www.vox.com/culture/24125194/netflix-3-body-problem-backlash-china-changes-criticism|archivedate=May 9, 2024}}</ref> Onye edemede mbụ, Liu Cixin, kwuru banyere usoro ahụ, na-ekwu, "Enwere m mmasị n'akụkụ nke usoro ahụ ebe agbakwunyere ọtụtụ ihe odide, ma nyochaa mmekọrịta ha. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe ijuanya otú ihe odide ndị a niile si mara ibe ha. Ịlụ ọgụ megide mwakpo ndị mba ọzọ kwesịrị ịbụ mgbalị nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ niile, mana kama, e gosipụtara ya dị ka a ga-asị na e debara otu ụmụ klas ha ka ha lụso ndị ọbịa ọgụ. "<ref>{{Cite news|author=Beulchan|first=Lee|title=Interview: The Three-Body Problem author Liu Cixin "My novel is not a metaphor for US-China tensions"|url=https://www.chosun.com/english/long-reads-en/2024/04/20/6MLR5T6PCBEYPB4GSZMKTTD3MU/|accessdate=May 20, 2024|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=May 15, 2024}}</ref> === Nkọwa na nkọwa === ''3 Nsogbu Ahụ'' nwere ihe ngosi ziri ezi nke nnọkọ ọgụ n'oge Mgbanwe Ọdịbendị China, nke zutere echiche dịgasị iche iche na China na United States. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/08/business/3-body-problem-china-reaction.html|title=What Chinese Outrage Over '3 Body Problem' Says About China|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 2024|first=Yuan|author=Li|accessdate=April 29, 2024}}</ref><ref name="hwr_240323">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/3-body-problem-opening-scene-netflix-china-us-conservatives-1235858922/|title=Netflix's '3 Body Problem' Draws Fire in China, Praise From U.S. Conservatives|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 23, 2024|first=James|author=Hibberd|accessdate=April 29, 2024}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ, David Benioff gwara Hollywood Reporter na ihe ngosi ahụ "abụghị nkọwa banyere omenala ịkagbu", mana o kwetara na akụkọ ifo ahụ nwere ihe yiri ya na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke oge a.<ref name="hwr_240323" /> A kpọrọ Derek Tsang, onye nduzi nke ihe omume abụọ mbụ, n'ihi nzụlite ndị China ya iji hụ na oge mgbanwe ọdịnala ziri ezi. Tsang kọwara na ebumnuche nke ihe omume ahụ bụ ime ka ndị na-ege ntị kwenye inwe ọmịiko na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Ye Wenjie, ma ghọta mkpali na ọnọdụ ya na akụkọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/3-body-problem-china-cultural-revolution-video-game-director-interview-2024-3|title='3 Body Problem' director says the 'pressure was huge' to represent Chinese history accurately on screen|work=The Business Insider|date=March 26, 2024|first=Palmer|author=Haasch|accessdate=April 29, 2024}}</ref> Joel Stein nke The Hollywood Reporter kwuru na ihe nkiri Cultural Revolution kpaliri nkọwa nkewa site n'aka ndị nkatọ America na-anabata ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na akụkụ ndị na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe agbanwe na-elekwasị anya na ịdọ aka ná ntị ya megide "Wokism" na "ihe omume aka ekpe", gụnyere echiche nwoke na nwanyị, ebe ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri ahụ hụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ịdọ akaebe nye populism na-anagide adịgide na-eduzi na agendas dabeere n'okwukwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/the-3-body-problem-scene-political-lightning-rod-1235867335/|title=The '3 Body Problem' Scene That's Become a Political Lightning Rod|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 5, 2024|first=Joel|author=Stein|accessdate=April 29, 2024}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nsogbu nke ahụ atọ - nsogbu nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics, yana nke oge ochie na nke quantum mechanics, gbasara ihe atọ ọ bụla na mmetụta ike ndọda ha nwere ike inwe n'ebe ibe ha nọ. == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8s3w2ckp68b30a4xhgb873w4rp11u5r 0 52929 688205 206794 2026-07-15T09:28:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688205 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ọnọdụ akpọrọ ịhụnanya (Japanese: 花野井くんと恋の病, Hepburn: Hananoi-kun to Koi no Yamai, lit. "Ọrịa ịhụnanya na Hananoi") bụ usoro manga Japanese nke Megumi Morino dere ma gosipụta ya. Ọ malitere serialization na Kodansha's magazine Dessert na Disemba 2017. Dị ka nke Eprel 2024, ewepụtala mpịakọta 15 tankōbon. Mgbanwe usoro ihe onyonyo anime nke East Fish Studio mepụtara sitere na Eprel ruo June 2024. == Atụmatụ == Akụkọ ahụ na-esote Hotaru Hinase, nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke nwere ezigbo ndụ jupụtara na ezi ndị enyi na ezinụlọ, mana enweghị ịhụnanya. Ihe na-agbanwe mgbe o nyesịrị Saki Hananoi aka enyemaka, otu nwoke mara mma nke enyi ya nwanyị tụfuru eduga na Saki na-arịọ ya maka mmekọrịta ikpe. == Ihe odide == ; Hotaru Hinase (Ọ nwụrụ n'ụbọchị, ọ nwụrụ n'afọ) : Voiced by: Kana Ichinose[2] (voice comic), Kana Hanazawa[3] (anime) (Japanese); Dani Chambers[4] (English) : Hotaru bụ nwa agbọghọ na-eme ihere ma na-eme omume enyi bụ enyi nwanyị Hananoi. Ọ si n'ezinụlọ na-ahụ n'anya ma nwee ezigbo ndị enyi, mana ọ hụtụbeghị n'anya, ma kwenyere na ọ gaghị ahụ ya. Echiche ya banyere ịhụnanya sitere na mkpasasị uche nke onwe ya nke gụnyere nwa klas ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na-akpụ ntutu isi ya n'ihi ekworo, ọ nọgidekwara na ya kemgbe ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ malitere inwe obi ụtọ n'echiche nke ịhụnanya mgbe ya na Hananoi na-emekọrịta ihe ma mesịa malite ịkpa ya. Ọ nọ n'otu klas ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị. ; Saki Hananoi (花野井, Hananoi Saki) ) : Voiced by: Koki Uchiyama[2] (voice comic), Chiaki Kobayashi[3] (anime) (Japanese); Blake McNamara[4] (English) : Hananoi bụ nwa akwụkwọ a ma ama ma mara mma bụ enyi nwoke Hotaru. A na-ahụkarị ya dị ka onye na-adịghị echebara echiche, onye dị nro na onye hụrụ n'anya, ndị maara ya ghọtara na o nwere akụkụ nzuzo nke ọ na-adịghị egosi. A na-egosi na ọ bụ onye na-emegide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, onye na-eso ụzọ, onye na'ihe onwunwe, onye raara onwe ya nye, ọ ga-achụpụkwa onye ọ bụla na-anwa iso ya na-emekọrịta ihe ma e wezụga Hotaru. Na mbido, ọ rịọrọ Hotaru maka mmekọrịta ikpe ozugbo ọ nyeere ya aka mgbe onye bụbu enyi ya nwanyị gbahapụrụ ya ma malite ịkpa n'oge na-adịghị anya. O nwere nsogbu nke mmekọrịta, ihe kpatara ya sitere n'aka ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị na-enwetụbeghị oge ilekọta ya ebe ọ bụ na ha bụ ndị dọkịta na-enyere ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma aka na mpụga mba ahụ, ọ na-egbochi ya inwe mmekọrịta dị mma na nwa agbọghọ ọ bụla ọ na-eme, dịka ọ chọrọ ka onye ọ hụrụ ya n'anya n'ụzọ ọ hụrụ ya. Site n'enyemaka nke Hotaru, ọ malitere ịkpali ndị gbara ya gburugburu ma soro Keigo bụrụ enyi n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ọ na-ebi naanị ya, nne nne ya na-abịakarị ileta ya mgbe ụfọdụ. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, naanị enyi ya bụ agadi nwoke na-enyekarị ya ndụmọdụ, na Hotaru, onye bụ naanị onye hụrụ ya ma bụrụkwa ịhụnanya mbụ ya. ; Hibiki Asami (浅海 響, Asami Hibiki) / Kyō-chan (木木木ーちゃん) : Voiced by: Yurika Kubo[5] (Japanese); Kelly Greenshield[4] (English) : Hibiki bụ otu n'ime ezigbo ndị enyi Hotaru ma bụrụkwa enyi nwanyị Keigo. Ọ na-amasị ya inyere Hotaru aka ịchọpụta otú ịhụnanya si arụ ọrụ ma na-akwado mmekọrịta ya na Hananoi. Ọ na-atụ nkịta egwu. ; Tsukiha Shibamura / Shibamū (Yusu) : Voiced by: Maaya Sakamoto[5] (Japanese); Ezra Vervin[4] (English) : Tsukiha bụkwa otu n'ime ezigbo ndị enyi Hotaru ma bụrụkwa onye otu kendo. Ọ nwere ọnụnọ dị jụụ, ma na-eme ka ndị enyi ya bụrụ nwanne nwanyị. ; Sōhei Yao (八尾 創平, Yao Sōhei) ) : Voiced by: Ryōhei Kimura : Yao bụ nwa klas ochie nke Hotaru na Hananoi ma bụrụkwa onye ọrụ ibe ha na ọrụ nwa oge ha niile na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ya kpatara mmerụ ahụ Hotaru, ebe ọ bụ na nwa klas ha na-ekwo ekworo n'ebe ha nọ ma mee ka nwa klas ahụ bepụ ntutu Hotaru n'ihi ekworo. Ọ na-anwa ime ka ọbụbụenyi ha dịghachi ọhụrụ, mana ọ na-emekarị ihe dị anya gburugburu ya. Hananoi na-akpachara ya anya nke ukwuu, ka ọ na-eche na Yao chọrọ ịnapụ ya. Ọ na-akpọ Hotaru site na aha njirimara 'Hotako', ebe ọ nwere nkịta nwere otu aha ya na ya. ; Keigo Kurata (倉田 圭悟, Kurata Keigo) : Voiced by: Ryōta Ōsaka : Keigo bụ onye otu ndị enyi Hotaru ma bụrụkwa enyi nwoke Hibiki. Ọ bụ onye otu Basketball Club. Ọ na-anwa iso Hananoi na-emekọrịta ihe mana ọ na-elegharakarị ya anya. ; Satomi Satomura (里村 紗都美, Satomura Satomi) ) : Voiced by: Sayumi Suzushiro<ref name="Cast3">{{Cite web|title=A Condition Called Love Anime Reveals 2 More Cast Members, April 4 Debut|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-03-01/a-condition-called-love-anime-reveals-2-more-cast-members-april-4-debut/.208189|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=March 1, 2024|accessdate=March 1, 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHodgkins2024">Hodgkins, Crystalyn (March 1, 2024). [https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-03-01/a-condition-called-love-anime-reveals-2-more-cast-members-april-4-debut/.208189 "A Condition Called Love Anime Reveals 2 More Cast Members, April 4 Debut"]. ''[[Anime News Network]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ; Yukihiro Kuroe (黒江, Kuroe Yukihiro) : Voiced by: Kazuyuki Okitsu<ref name="Cast3" /> == Mgbasa ozi == === Akpụkpọ ụkwụ === Ọ bụ Megumi Morino dere ma gosipụta usoro ahụ. E gosipụtara ya na mbipụta February 2018 nke Dessert, nke e zigara na Disemba 22, 2017. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B078HRDMDN/|publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon Japan]]|accessdate=May 21, 2021|language=ja|date=22 December 2017}}</ref> E wepụtara mpịakọta nke mbụ na Mee 11, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/281738|work=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc|date=May 11, 2018|accessdate=May 21, 2021|language=ja|title=Archive copy|archivedate=December 21, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221030419/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/281738}}</ref> Usoro ahụ ruru akara ikpeazụ ya na Nọvemba 24, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Condition Called Love Manga Enters Final Arc|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-11-13/a-condition-called-love-manga-enters-final-arc/.204373|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Tai|first=Anita|date=November 13, 2023|accessdate=November 13, 2023}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2024, ewepụtala mpịakọta tankōbon iri na ise. Na Machị 8, 2020, Kodansha USA kwupụtara na ha ga-ebipụta usoro ahụ na dijitalụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kodansha Comics Licenses Kakushigoto, My Roomie Is a Dino, Orient, 5 Other Manga for Digital Release|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-03-08/kodansha-comics-licenses-kakushigoto-my-roomie-is-a-dino-orient-5-other-manga-for-digital-release/.157273|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=March 8, 2020|accessdate=May 21, 2021}}</ref> N'oge panel ha na Anime Expo 2022, Kodansha USA kwupụtara na ha ga-amalite ibipụta manga na Q2 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: Kodansha USA Licenses The Yakuza's Bias, Lovely Muco!, Iruma-kun, More Titles|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-07-01/exclusive-kodansha-usa-licenses-the-yakuza-bias-lovely-muco-iruma-kun-more-titles/.187257|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=July 1, 2022|accessdate=September 10, 2022}}</ref> ==== Mpịakọta ==== === Anime === A mara ọkwa usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn anime na June 7, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rom-Com Manga A Condition Called Love Gets TV Anime Adaptation|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2023/6/7/rom-com-manga-a-condition-called-love-gets-tv-anime-adaptation|work=[[Crunchyroll]]|author=Dempsey|first=Liam|date=June 7, 2023|accessdate=June 7, 2023}}</ref> Ọ bụ East Fish Studio mepụtara ya ma bụrụ nke Tomoe Makino duziri, ya na edemede nke Hitomi Amamiya dere, Akiko Satō mepụtara, na egwu nke Yamazo dere.<ref name="Cast">{{Cite web|title=A Condition Called Love Anime Reveals Main Cast, Staff, Spring 2024 Debut|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-11-08/a-condition-called-love-anime-reveals-main-cast-staff-spring-2024-debut/.204240|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Cayanan|first=Joanna|date=November 8, 2023|accessdate=November 8, 2023}}</ref> Usoro a gosipụtara site na Eprel 4 ruo June 20, 2024, na TBS na ndị mmekọ ya.<ref name="Cast3" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Terebi Anime "Hananoi-kun to Koi no Yamai" Koshiki Saito|url=https://hananoikun-pr.com/package/|accessdate=May 17, 2024|work=hananoikun-pr.com|language=ja}}</ref> Egwú mmeghe bụ "Kimi no Sei" (), nke Sexy Zone, mere, ebe abụ mmechi bụ nke Japanese nke "Every Second", nke Mina Okabe mere. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A Condition Called Love Anime's Video Reveals Sexy Zone's Opening Song|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-13/a-condition-called-love-anime-video-reveals-sexy-zone-opening-song/.207563|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=February 13, 2024|accessdate=February 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mina Okabe Contributes 'Every Second' Song as A Condition Called Love Anime's Ending Theme|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-20/mina-okabe-contributes-every-second-song-as-a-condition-called-love-anime-ending-theme/.207814|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Cayanan|first=Joanna|date=February 20, 2024|accessdate=February 21, 2024}}</ref> Crunchyroll gbasaa usoro ahụ na mpụga Eshia, mana gụnyere Middle East na CIS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crunchyroll to Stream A Condition Called Love, KonoSuba 3, Kuramerukagari, Kurayukaba Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-29/crunchyroll-to-stream-a-condition-called-love-konosuba-3-kuramerukagari-kurayukaba-anime/.208150|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Mateo|first=Alex|date=February 29, 2024|accessdate=February 29, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Cardine|first=Kyle|date=February 29, 2024|title=KONOSUBA Season 3, A Condition Called Love, Kurayukaba and Kuramerukagari to Stream on Crunchyroll in Spring 2024|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/announcements/2024/2/29/konosuba-season-3-a-condition-called-love-kurayukaba-kuramerukagari-anime-april-spring-2024|accessdate=2024-03-01|work=[[Crunchyroll]]}}</ref> Medialink nyere ikikere ma gbasaa usoro ahụ na mpaghara ndị a họọrọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anwụwa Ashia, na ọwa YouTube Ani-One Asia.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]<ref name="anione">{{Cite web|date=April 3, 2024|title=🌸 Medialink April 2024 New Anime Line-Up 🌸 🌸 A Condition Called Love is arriving on Ani-One Asia!|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0wNSTMWIL3qaorLx0jie6A/community?lb=UgkxAdpI1H8BjbmK_m4kOPRp_prajc5kwdtC|accessdate=April 3, 2024|work=[[Medialink|Ani-One Asia]] via [[YouTube]]}}</ref> Netflix ga-agbasa usoro ahụ na mpaghara ndị a họọrọ na Eshia. ==== Ihe omume ==== == Nnakwere == Usoro ahụ bụ onye a họpụtara maka 64th Shogakukan Manga Awards na ngalaba shōjo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=64th Shogakukan Manga Awards' Nominees Announced|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-12-20/64th-shogakukan-manga-awards-nominees-announced/.141098|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=December 20, 2018|accessdate=May 21, 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nke ''Afọ'' maka onyinye An An manga nke itoolu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/313832|work=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc|date=December 26, 2018|accessdate=May 21, 2021|language=ja|title=Archive copy|archivedate=August 1, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801021435/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/313832}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, ndị ọrụ nke otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ndị Japan họọrọ usoro ahụ dị ka nke iri kacha mma nke afọ 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Japan's Bookstore Employees Rank Top Manga of 2018|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-02-04/japan-bookstore-employees-rank-top-manga-of-2018/.142998|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Ressler|first=Karen|date=February 4, 2019|accessdate=May 21, 2021}}</ref> Usoro ahụ bụ nke iri na ise na 2020 ''Kono Manga ga Sugoi!'' akwụkwọ nduzi kacha mma maka ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kono Manga ga Sugoi! Editors Unveil 2020 Rankings|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-11/kono-manga-ga-sugoi-editors-unveil-2020-rankings/.154203|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=December 11, 2019|accessdate=May 21, 2021}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 2020, a họpụtara ya maka Kodansha Manga Award na ngalaba shōjo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=44th Annual Kodansha Manga Awards' Nominees Announced|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-04-02/44th-annual-kodansha-manga-awards-nominees-announced/.158217|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=April 2, 2020|accessdate=May 21, 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, ọ meriri Kodansha Manga Award na ngalaba shōjo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=45th Annual Kodansha Manga Awards' Winners Announced|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-05-13/45th-annual-kodansha-manga-awards-winners-announced/.172752|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Mateo|first=Alex|date=May 13, 2021|accessdate=May 21, 2021}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule June 2023, usoro ahụ nwere nde 3.8 na mgbasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Megumi Morino's A Condition Called Love Shōjo Manga Gets TV Anime in 2024|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-06-07/megumi-morino-a-condition-called-love-shojo-manga-gets-tv-anime-in-2024/.198899|work=[[Anime News Network]]|author=Cayanan|first=Joanna|date=June 7, 2023|accessdate=June 7, 2023}}</ref> * Teta, Sleeping Beauty - Usoro manga ọzọ nke otu onye edemede ahụ == Ihe edeturu == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Ihe odide == knd3g0kh6j7djorf398e5npcbl6vccd 0 53080 688113 207077 2026-07-14T21:38:33Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abby Rockefeller LCCN2014718060 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Abby Aldrich Rockefeller]]  Abigail Greene Aldrich Rockefeller (October 26, 1874 - Eprel 5, 1948) bụ onye America na-elekọta mmadụ na onye enyemaka. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama na ezinụlọ Rockefeller site n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na onye na-ahụ maka ego na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ego John D. Rockefeller Jr., nwa nwoke Standard Oil co-guzobere John D. Rockefeller Sr. Nna ya bụ Nelson W. Aldrich, onye jere ozi dịka Senator. si Rhode Island. A maara Rockefeller maka ịbụ onye na-eme ka e guzobe Museum of Modern Art. Ọ bụ nne Nelson Rockefeller, onye jere ozi site na 1974 ruo 1977 dị ka onye isi oche 41st nke United States. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Abigail Greene Aldrich na Providence, Rhode Island, dị ka nwa nke anọ nke Senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich na Abigail Pearce Truman Chapman. E kewara ọtụtụ n'ime oge nwata ya n'etiti Providence na Warwick Neck (na Rhode Island), na Washington, D.C.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://rockarch.org/resources/about-the-rockefellers/abby-aldrich-rockefeller/|title=Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, 1874-1948|work=Rockefeller Archive Center|language=en|accessdate=March 13, 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://rockarch.org/resources/about-the-rockefellers/abby-aldrich-rockefeller/ "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, 1874-1948"]. ''Rockefeller Archive Center''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> N'ihi na nna ya ama ama dị ka onye omeiwu, Rockefeller ka ewebatara n'oge ọ bụ nwata na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne na nna ya nabatara gụnyere Senator Eugene Hale, Senator William P. Frye, General Ambrose Burnside, na Elizabeth Bacon Custer.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Chase, Mary Ellen, 1887-1973.|title=Abby Aldrich Rockefeller|date=1966|publisher=Avon Books|oclc=14866465}}</ref>. Ọzụzụ nwata ya sitere n'aka ndị ọchịchị Quaker. Site na 1891 ruo 1893, edebanye aha ya na Miss Abbott's School for Young Ladies in Providence, Rhode Island. N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụrụ asụsụ Bekee, French, German, art akụkọ ihe mere eme, oge ochie, mgbatị ahụ, na ịgba egwú. Na Nọvemba 1893 o mere mpụta mbụ ya na nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ya, nke kpalitere ịhụnanya ogologo ndụ ya maka mmemme ọha.. Na June 30, 1894, na njem nke nna ya kwalitere, Rockefeller ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa Liverpool, malite ndụ nke njem dị ukwuu na Europe na mgbe e mesịrị na Eshia. Oge mbụ ọ nọrọ ọnwa anọ gụnyere ịkwụsị na England, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, na France. Njem a na nke ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu gosipụtara nleta n'ọtụtụ ebe ngosi nka, na-agwa ya nghọta n'ọdịnihu dị ka onye na-anakọta nka. == Alụmdi na nwunye John D. Rockefeller Jr. == Na ngwụcha afọ 1894, ọ zutere John Davison Rockefeller Sr.., naanị nwa nwoke nke onye guzobere Standard Oil bụ John Davison Rockfeller Sr. na onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman, n'ụlọ enyi ya na Providence. Nzukọ ndị a gara n'ihu ruo na ngwụcha Ọgọst 1901, mgbe ha kwere nkwa ọlụlụ. Ha lụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 9 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1901, n'emume agbamakwụkwọ nke Gilded Age, n'ihu ihe dị ka otu puku ndị a ma ama n'oge ahụ, n'ụlọ nna ya n'oge ọkọchị, "Indian Oaks", na Warwick Neck, Kent County, Rhode Island. Di na nwunye ahụ biri na 13 West 54th Street na Manhattan site na 1901 ruo 1913, mgbe di ya wuru nnukwu ụlọ nwere okpukpu itoolu na 10 West 54th Avenue, nke kachasị na New York City n'oge ahụ. Ha biri na "Nọmba 10" ruo 1938 mgbe ha kwagara n'ụlọ nwere ọnụ ụlọ iri anọ na 740 Park Avenue. Ha abụọ nwekwara ihe onwunwe na Pocantico Hills, Seal Harbor, Maine, Williamsburg, na Virginia. Ha ghọrọ nne na nna nke ụmụ isii: Abby Rockefeller Mauzé, John D. Rockefellers III, Nelson Rockefeller, Laurance Rockefeller, Winthrop Rockefelling, na David Rockefeller.<ref name=":0" /> == Ọnwụ == Abby Rockefeller nwere nkụchi obi wee nwụọ na Eprel 5, 1948, n'ụlọ ezinụlọ Rockefellers na 740 Park Avenue na New York City, mgbe ọ dị afọ 73.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|author=Kert|first=Bernice|title=Rockefeller, Abby Aldrich (1874-1948), philanthropist|date=February 2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=American National Biography Online|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1700743}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKert2002">Kert, Bernice (February 2002). ''Rockefeller, Abby Aldrich (1874-1948), philanthropist''. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1700743|10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1700743]].</cite></ref> A kpọrọ ozu ya ọkụ ma gbasaa ntụ ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu na Pocantico, New York. E mere emume ncheta ya na Riverside Church . <ref name=":02" /> E tinyere akwụkwọ testament ya maka nnwale n'April 22, 1948, a tụkwara ihe onwunwe ya na $ 1,156,269. Dị ka ọchịchọ ikpeazụ ya si dị, e nyere ọrụ anọ dị mkpa na Museum of Modern Art (MoMA): Lady With a Parasol na Seated Woman, nke Georges Seurat; Street at Saintes-Maries na Corridor at Saint-Remy site na [[Vincent van Gogh]]. Ọ hapụrụ obere ihe osise ya n'Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Fogg. E nyere MoMA ihe onwunwe ya fọdụrụnụ nke $ 850,848, na-ewepu ụtụ isi nke $ 250,000.<ref name=":02" /> E mere ọtụtụ nraranye iji sọpụrụ ya na iji cheta mkpebi ya dị ka onye na-anakọta ihe osise. Otu n'ime ndị dị otú ahụ bụ Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Print Room na MoMA, nke e ji onyinye ya nke narị iri na isii mepee na Mee 15, 1949. E meghere Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center na 1957 na Colonial Williamsburg iji tinye ya n'ihe osise ọdịnala.<ref name=":02" /> Ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama nyere Rockefeller otuto mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Karịsịa, bụ onyinye nke onye na-ese ihe Henri Matisse nke windo enyo maka Union Church na Pocantico, New York. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1954, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na anọ, a gwara Matisse nke nọ n'àkwà n'oge ahụ ka ọ mepụta windo enyo maka Union Church dị ka ihe ncheta Rockefeller. O ji mwute jụ ọrụ ahụ n'ihi na ahụike ya na-akawanye njọ ga-egbochi ya ileta na ịmụ ebe ahụ. Mgbe Alfred Rockefeller zitere ya usoro foto nke ebe ahụ, Matisse gbanwere obi ya wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ọrụ ahụ. Na Nọvemba 1, 1954, o dere na o ji obi ụtọ rụchaa ọrụ ahụ, ọ nwụkwara ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị.<ref name=":02" /> == Nkwado nke nka nke oge a na onyinye nye Museum of Modern Art == === Onye Nlekọta nke Nkà Ọgbara Ọhụrụ === Abby Rockefeller malitere ịnakọta eserese, agba mmiri, na eserese nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri America oge a na 1925, yana ọtụtụ ndị ọgbara ọhụrụ Europe: Vincent van Gogh, Edgar Degas, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Paul Cézanne, na Henri de Toulouse- Lautrec. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na nkà ọgbara ọhụrụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Jeffers|first=Wendy|date=November 2004|title=Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modern|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_166/ai_n9505400|journal=Magazine Antiques}}</ref> N'afọ 1928, ọ were Donald Deskey rụọ ọrụ iji mepụta ọnụ ụlọ dị iche iche, nke a na-eme na art deco style, maka ụlọ Rockefeller. Akpọrọ ọnụ ụlọ ndị a Topside Gallery, wee jee ozi dị ka ebe ngosi maka mkpokọta nka na-eto eto Rockefeller. A na-agbagharị ihe osise dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ mgbe niile, na-eme ihe ngosi nlegharị anya nke mkpokọta nka ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke ọdịnala nke Rockefeller. Ndị ọbịa na gallery ahụ gbara igwe mbuli gaa n'ala nke asaa nke ụlọ Rockefeller, na-edobe gallery ahụ iche, n'agbanyeghị na ejikọtara ya, site na mpaghara ezinụlọ nkeonwe. Akụkọ banyere mmasị ya na ihe omume ya gbasara ngwa ngwa site n'oge a, ọtụtụ ndị nchịkọta na-esote malitere ịgbaso nduzi ya.<ref name=":1" /> === Onye guzobere Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) === Lillie P. Bliss, Mary Quinn Sullivan, na Rockefeller sonyeere iji chepụta ihe a maara ugbu a dị ka Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) na New York. Ngwa ngwa, ha gbakọtara nkwado nke ndị ọzọ ama ama gụnyere: Anson Goodyear, Murray Crane, na Paul J. Sachs. Ụlọ ọrụ ntọala ahụ nwere mmadụ asaa, yana Goodyear dịka onyeisi oche. A na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ mbụ maka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na 730 Fifth Avenue na New York na Alfred H. Barr Jr. ka a họpụtara dị ka onye nduzi mbụ nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie..<ref name=":3" /> Ebe ọ bụ na di ya nyere ya obere ego, ọ pụghị ịdabere na ya iji kwado ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ọhụrụ ahụ. Nkwado ego ya pere mpe karịsịa n'ihi enweghị mmasị ya na nka nke oge a. N'ihi ya, ego maka ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na nnweta nke ihe osise sitere na arịrịọ Rockefeller nke ọha na eze, ụlọ ọrụ, na ndị ama ama bi na New York. <ref name=":02" /> A họpụtara Rockefeller ka ọ bụrụ onye nlekọta nke MoMA n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1929 ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba site na 1929 ruo 1934. Ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere oge dị ka osote onye isi ala mbụ site na 1934 ruo 1936, na osote onyeisiala mbụ site na 1941 ruo 1945. Nwa ya nwoke Nelson Rockefeller sonyeere ya na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ, malite dị ka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke obere ma na-arịgo ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche.<ref name=":3" /> Isi n'etiti nchegbu Rockefeller na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ọhụrụ ahụ bụ ike nke nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ na-enyekarị ego nke ya na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie maka ịzụta ihe ọhụrụ. N'afọ 1938, o nyere ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ego mbụ ya, nke Nelson Rockefeller mụbara nke ọma. Ọtụtụ echiche gbasara mmepe nke ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie sitere na Rockefeller. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ Rockefeller mere mkpọsa maka ịmepụta ọbá akwụkwọ ihe nkiri nke ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ echiche Rockefeller ịmepụta War Veterans' Art Center. Ụlọ ọrụ a bu n'uche ime ka ndị agha agha nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ dịghachi mma site na nka. Stephen Clark bụ onye nkwado ya na ọrụ ahụ, Kenneth Chorley bụ onye nlekọta ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, Victor D'Amico bụ onye nlekọta nke ọrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jeere ndị agha 1485 ozi ruo mgbe e mechiri ya na June 1948, na mgbalị iji jikọta ndị na-ese ihe ochie na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na People's Art Center.<ref name=":3" /> A na-echekwa ihe nketa Rockefeller na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'ụdị ọtụtụ nraranye gụnyere Abby Aldrich Rockefellers Print Room, nke meghere na 1949, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Ụlọ ahụ nwere onyinye Rockefeller nke 1600 prints, nke e nyere afọ itoolu tupu mgbe ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> A na-akpọkwa ogige ihe osise Abby Aldrich Rockefeller iji sọpụrụ ya. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Philip Johnson chepụtara ogige ahụ ma meghee ya na 1953. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Philip Johnson and the Museum of Modern Art.|others=Johnson, Philip, 1906-2005., Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)|year=1998|isbn=0-87070-117-7|location=New York|oclc=39265271}}</ref> == Nkwado nke nka ọdịnala na onyinye nye Abby Aldrich Museum of Folk Art == === Onye Nlekọta nke Nkà Ọdịnala === N'afọ 1929, Rockefeller ghọrọ onye ahịa mbụ nke Downtown Gallery, nke onye na-ere ihe osise, Edith Halpert, na-elekọta. Halpert na-ere foto na weathervanes nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke a chịkọtara na New England. Oge ahụ zuru oke maka Rockefeller n'ihi na ya na di ya amalitela inye aka n'ọrụ mweghachi na ihe a maara ugbu a dị ka Colonial Williamsburg . <ref name=":42">{{Cite book|title=Perspectives on American folk art|date=1980|publisher=Published for the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, Del. [by] Norton|others=Quimby, Ian M. G., Swank, Scott T., Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum.|isbn=0-393-01273-5|edition=1st|location=New York|oclc=5726677}}</ref> Afọ ndị ọ na-anakọta ihe malitere na ngwụcha afọ 1920 ruo afọ 1942. <ref name=":22">{{Cite book|author=Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center.|title=Treasures of American folk art from the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center|date=1989|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|others=Rumford, Beatrix T., Weekley, Carolyn J.|isbn=0-8212-1726-7|edition=1st|location=Boston|oclc=18350922}}</ref> Nchịkọta ya gụnyere: ihe osise, weathervanes, akara ụlọ ahịa, ite, quilts, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-achọ ụlọ mma. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ihe kachasị amasị ya na nchịkọta ya bụ: foto ụmụaka na nka ụmụ akwụkwọ, n'ụdị calligraphy, ihe ncheta, na theorems.<ref name=":42" /> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchịkọta ahụ sitere na New England na Pennsylvania, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe e mesịrị ọ gụnyere Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, na Georgia.<ref name=":22" /> Nchịkọta Rockefeller toro site n'enyemaka nke Holger Cahill na Edith Halpert. N'èzí ọrụ nke ndị nlekọta abụọ a, a chọtara ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị na nchịkọta ahụ n'ebe ha si. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1934, Rockefeller zigara Cahill na ndịda United States iji chịkọta ihe ọhụrụ maka nchịkọta ahụ. Na njem a, Cahill chọtara ihe n'ime ụlọ ndị mmadụ, ụlọ elu, na ụlọ ahịa ọkwá nkà. Na Orangeburg, South Carolina, Cahill chọtara otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa Rockefeller nwetara, ihe na-acha mmiri nke akpọrọ The Old Plantation . <ref name=":42" /> <ref name=":22" /> A zụrụ akụkụ nke nchịkọta Rockefeller n'aka Elie Nadelman, onye tụfuru akụ ya na ụba ya n'ihi Oké Ndakpọ Akụ̀ na Ụba. Nchịkọta nka ọdịnala nke Nadelman zụrụ ma kewaa n'etiti Rockefeller, Henry Francis du Pont, Cloisters nke Metropolitan Museum of Art, na Brummer Galleries.<ref name=":42" /> === Ihe ngosi Mbụ nke Nchịkọta ahụ === N'afọ 1930 na 1931, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Newark gosipụtara nchịkọta nke nka ọdịnala America. Ihe dị ka pasent 10 nke ihe ndị a sitere n'aka otu onye nyere onyinye a na-amaghị aha ya, n'ezie onye nyere onyinye ahụ bụ Abby Rockefeller.<ref name=":42" /> <ref name=":22" /> N'afọ 1932, a gbazinyere ihe Rockefeller chịkọtara n'amaghị aha ya, n'oge a na Museum of Modern Art maka ihe ngosi akpọrọ ''American Folk Art: The Art of the Common Man in America'' . <ref name=":03">''American Folk Art: The Exhibition of 1932'', Edited by Peter A.G. Brown (Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Collection, 1968), Exhibition catalogue.</ref> N'ime ihe 175 e gosipụtara, 174 n'ime ihe ndị ahụ bụ nke Rockefeller, otu ihe fọdụrụnụ bụ nke Henry Cahill.<ref name=":42" /> Ihe ngosi ahụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma, ma ghọọ ihe ngosi njem mbụ nke nka ọdịnala America, na-eleta obodo isii nke America site na 1932 ruo 1934. <ref name=":22" /> Ihe ndị egosiri n'oge ngosi abụọ mbụ a sitere na New England na Pennsylvania ma mepụta ụdị nka dịgasị iche iche gụnyere: ihe osise mmanụ, pastel, watercolors, ihe osise na velvet, ihe osine na iko, ihe osis osisi, ihe osisi ígwè, na chalkware.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|author=Cahill|first=Holger|date=March 1992|title=Folk Art: Its Place in the American Tradition|journal=Parnassus|volume=4|issue=3|pages=1–4|doi=10.2307/770785|issn=1543-6314}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum === N'afọ 1934, Rockefeller malitere ịgbazinye akụkụ nke nchịkọta ya maka ngosi na-adịgide adịgide na Ludwell-Paradis House na Colonial Williamsburg. A na-etinye ihe ngosi ndị ahụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Edith Halpert ma meghee ya maka ọha na eze na 1935, na-anọgide na-emeghe ruo Jenụwarị 1956. <ref name=":22" /> A kwụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ na Colonial Williamsburg n'ụlọ ngosi dị nso ma ọ bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-agwakọta ya na ihe ịchọ mma dị ugbu a.<ref name=":42" /> N'afọ 1939, e nyere ihe osise iri ise na anọ nke nchịkọta nka ọdịnala na Museum of Modern Art. <ref name=":22" /> N'afọ 1954, afọ isii mgbe ọnwụ Abby Rockefeller gasịrị, mbipụta March nke magazin Antiques bipụtara ọkwa na ebe ngosi ihe ''Oge Ochie'' ọhụrụ ga-enwe nchịkọta nka Rockefellers. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. nyere ego maka iwu ọrụ ahụ na ịzụta ihe ọhụrụ. Onyinye a buru ibu nke na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ nwere ike inweta ihe karịrị otu narị ihe ọhụrụ n'afọ mbụ ya.<ref name=":22" /> == Ọrụ ebere == === Òtù Ndị Ntorobịa Ụmụ nwanyị (YWCA) === Onyinye agbamakwụkwọ John D. Rockefeller Jr. nyere Abby bụ ego, nke o nyere na Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) nke Providence na Rhode Island. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na YWCA nke New York.<ref name=":3" /> Site na 1918 ruo 1936 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na YWCA, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ idu ndú, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye otu nsọpụrụ. Ọ bụ onye otu YWCA's National Board, ma jee ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche na onyeisi oche nke ọtụtụ kọmitii. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, na 1918 a họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Ụlọ nke War Work Council. A haziri kọmitii ahụ n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ na ebumnuche nke inye ọnọdụ ndụ ka mma maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ kpọrọ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Duncan Candler ka ọ chepụta ụlọ na Charleston, South Carolina iji nye ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ejiji ụgbọ mmiri.<ref name=":3" /> Rockefeller bụ onye nduzi nke YWCA na-arụ ọrụ ma nwee Grace Dodge Hotel na Washington D.C., nke e wuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1921. Rockefeller nyochara akụkọ ego ma lekọta mgbasa ozi maka họtel ahụ, na ebumnuche bụ isi nke ijere ndị ọrụ nwanyị ozi. Ọ jụrụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụgwọ ọrụ, ọnọdụ, na nhazi ndụ nke ndị ọrụ na Grace Dodge Hotel.<ref name=":3" /> === Kansụl Ezigbo Mmekọrịta === Site na Fifth Avenue Baptist Church, e guzobere Good Fellowship Council, na-akpọ ndị niile nọ n'ógbè ahụ ka ha sonye. Nzukọ ndị ahụ bu n'uche imeghe mkparịta ụka banyere nsogbu ndị agbata obi gụnyere: ọkụ okporo ụzọ, ịdị ọcha, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ọdịmma ụmụaka. Na mbụ, a haziri klọb ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, mana e mesịrị kwe ka ụmụ nwoke sonye.<ref name=":3" /> Abby Rockefeller jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke Good Fellowship Council ma na-eduzi nzukọ kwa ọnwa mgbe ọ na-eleta ọtụtụ obere klọb obodo. Mmadụ 300 ruo 400 bịara nzukọ ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> Nzukọ ndị ahụ gosipụtara ọtụtụ ndị ọkà okwu ọbịa, gụnyere Onye isi oche nke American Federation of Labor, ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka nlekọta ụmụaka, ndị ọkachamara na iwu mbata, na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-ahụkarị na oghere azụmahịa. Ndị otu klọb ahụ na-enye ihe ngosi egwu a na-enye n'asụsụ ala na ụdị ejiji mgbe niile.<ref name=":3" /> === Ụlọ Obodo Bayway === N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1920, Rockefeller chọrọ ịmepụta ihe ngosi maka ndị ọrụ Bayway Refinery nke Standard Oil, na Elizabeth, New Jersey. Ebumnuche nke ihe owuwu ahụ bụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe atụ nke ụlọ onye ọrụ, ọ bụ ezie na n'oge na-adịghị anya, ebumnuche nke ụlọ ahụ gbasaa na otu nke mmụta obodo. Ụlọ ahụ nwere klas nri, Klọb Nne, na ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka. N'afọ 1926, a gbasaa ụlọ ahụ iji tinye ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, kichin buru ibu, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka buru ibu, gymnasium, na ọfịs maka ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'afọ 1939, mgbakwunye ọzọ mepụtara ebe ịgba bowling na ụlọ egwuregwu ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1947, mmadụ 9700 jiri Bayway Community Cottage mee ihe n'ụzọ ụfọdụ.<ref name=":3" /> === Ụlọ Mba Nile nke New York === Abby Rockefeller bụ onye isi oche nke kọmitii na-emepụta ihe nke International House of New York. Dị ka onyeisi oche, ọ gbalịsiri ike ịgbakwunye ihe ndozi America n'ime ime ụlọ ahụ, na-adọta n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nwata ya na Providence, Rhode Island maka mkpali. Ruo afọ iri abụọ na ise ọ bụ onye ọbịa na International House, na ọtụtụ afọ ya na di ya na-anabata oriri ekeresimesi maka ndị bi na ya.<ref name=":3" /> === Colonial Williamsburg === N’etiti afọ 1920, Reverend Dr. W.A.R kpọtụụrụ Abby na di ya. Goodwin, onye bụ onye isi oche nke Bruton Parish Church na onye nkuzi na kọleji William na Mary na Williamsburg, Virginia. Mgbe ha hụchara ụlọ ụka Dr. Goodwin eweghachitere, ha nyochara echiche ya banyere nnukwu mweghachi nke obodo ahụ na ebube ya ụbọchị tupu mgbanwe America, dị ka isi obodo nke Virginia Colony. Ha kwenyesiri ike n'ịkwado ọrụ ahụ, nke malitere na 1927 [1] na, mgbe ọ nọ n'obodo, biri na Bassett Hall, otu n'ime ụlọ mbụ 88 dị ndụ gụnyere na mweghachi Godwin. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ Colonial Williamsburg, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka dị ndụ nke ghọworo otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya kacha ewu ewu n'ụwa. Otu n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie dị n'ime ogige ahụ, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, bụ aha ya maka nsọpụrụ ya..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/locations/abby-aldrich-rockefeller-folk-art-museum/|title=Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum|work=www.colonialwilliamsburg.org|language=en-US|accessdate=March 20, 2020}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Colonial Williamsburg * Ezinụlọ Rockefeller * John D. Rockefeller Jr. * Nelson W. Aldrich == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] glm31omqpn1tdoftogs8dny4jrhmytw 0 53123 688116 190193 2026-07-14T21:43:09Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abijah''' ({{Lang-he|אֲבִיָּה}} ''{{Lang|he-latn|Aviyyah}}'') is a Biblical Hebrew unisex name which means "my Father is Yah".<ref name="Petrovsky">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>. The Hebrew form ''{{Lang|he-latn|Aviyahu}}'' also occurs in the [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]]. == Ihe odide Agba Ochie == === Ụmụ nwanyị === * Abiya,<ref>[[2 Chronicles 29]]:1</ref> onye lụrụ Eze Ahaz nke Juda. A na-akpọkwa ya Abi . <ref>[[2 Kings 18]]:2</ref> Aha nna ya bụ Zakariya; ọ bụ nne Eze Hezekaya <ref>[[2 Chronicles 29:1]]</ref> * Nwunye Hezron, otu n'ime ụmụ Juda <ref>[[1 Chronicles 2]]:24</ref> === Ụmụ nwoke === * Abaịja nke Juda, nke a makwaara dị ka Abaịjam (אבים, Abiyam, “Nna m bụ Yam [Oké Osimiri]”), onye bụ nwa Rehoboam wee nọchie ya n’ocheeze Juda. * Otu nwa Beka, nwa Benjamin[1] * Nwa nke-abua nke Samuel. Àgwà ya, ya na nke nwanne ya nwoke, dị ka onye-ikpe na Bia-sheba, bụ́ nke ọfịs nna ya họpụtara ya, butere oké iwe nke ọha mmadụ, ma n’ikpeazụ kpasuo ndị mmadụ ka ha chọọ ọchịchị. * Otu nwa Eleeza, nwa Erọn, onye-isi nke asatọ n’ime iwu iri abụọ na anọ nke Devid na nna nna Zekaraya, bụ́ onye nchụàjà nke bụ́ nna Jọn Baptist kewara ndị nchụàjà.[1] Edebara aha Abaija n'usoro n'akwukwọ n'akwukwọ ndi-nchu-àjà na ndi Livai ndi soro Zerubabel nwa Shealtiel na Joshua laghachi.i.<ref>[[Nehemiah 12]]:4; 17</ref> * Nwa Jeroboam, bú eze mbu nke Israel. N’ihi ọrịa siri ike ọ rịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, nna ya zipụrụ nwunye ya ka ọ gakwuru Ahaịja onye amụma banyere mgbake ya. Ọ bụ ezie na onye amụma ahụ kpuru ìsì ma mee agadi, ọ matara nwunye Jeroboam ozugbo ọ bịarutere, ma n’ike mmụọ nsọ Chineke, ọ gwara ya na ọ bụ                                        ]  mma ]  mma ]                             ]  bụ ] n’obi› na ]                     a ]  mma ]n`obi› na n’ihi na n’ime Abaija” náán¸ n’etiti ulo Jeroboam nile “a ch’ara ]d`ezi ihe n’ebe ]l]d nọ.” Onyenweanyị,” naanị ya ga-abịa n’ili ya n’udo. Ka nne ya na-agafe ọnụ ụzọ ọnụ ụzọ mgbe ọ lọtara, nwa okorobịa ahụ nwụrụ, ma “Izrel nile ruuru ya uju.”[1] Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ The Jewish Encyclopedia si kwuo, ezi ihe o mere “Rabbinical Literature:The passage, I Kings, xiv. 13, bụ́ ebe e kwuru banyere “ezi ihe [dị n’ime ya] n’ebe Jehova bụ́ Chineke Izrel nọ,” bụ. a sụgharịrị[2] dị ka ihe ntụtụ aka n’omume obi ike na ezi omume nke Abaịja n’iwepụ ndị ozi ahụ nna ya debere n’ókè dị n’agbata Israel na Juda iji gbochie njem nsọ na Jerusalem..<ref>M. Ḳ. 28b</ref><ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/300-abijah Jewish Encyclopedia]</ref> * Aha a (ikekwe) pụtara na kalenda Gezer, ihe odide Paleo-Hibru nke e dere na narị afọ nke itoolu ma ọ bụ nke 10 BC, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị aha theophoric Yahwistic mbụ na-abụghị Akwụkwọ Nsọ.[1] == Aha Russian == Ụdị dị iche iche a na-eji n'asụsụ Rọshịa bụ "А́вия" (Aviya), [1] nwere "А́бия"[1] ma ọ bụ "Аби́я" (Abiya),[2] ịbụ ụdị ochie.[1] Gụnyere na kalenda ụka dị iche iche, nke ejiri aka dee, na narị afọ nke 17-19, ewepụrụ ya na Synodal Menologium gọọmentị na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19.[3] Na 1924-1930, aha (dị ka "Ави́я", ụdị nke "Abiya"[2]) etinyere n'ime kalenda Soviet dị iche iche, [3] nke gụnyere aha ọhụrụ na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-akwalite eziokwu Soviet ọhụrụ ma na-agba ume mebie n'ọdịnala nke iji aha ndị dị na Synodal Menologia.[4] Na Russian a na-eji ya naanị dị ka aha nwanyị.[1][2] Mbelata nke aha a gụnyere "А́ва" (Ava) na "Ви́я" (Viya).[1] == Ihe odide == === Ihe edeturu === {{Reflist}} * N. A. Petrovsky (N. A. Petrovsky). "Okwu okwu nke aha ndị Russia" (Dictionary of Russian First Names). OОО "AST" mbipụta. Moscow, 2005.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/5-17-002940-3|5-17-002940-3]] * A. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Superanskaya (A. V. Superanskaya). "Okwu okwu nke aha ndị Russia" (Dictionary of Russian Names). Ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ bụ Exmo. Moscow, 2005.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/5-699-14090-5|5-699-14090-5]] * <nowiki> Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede sitere na mbipụta ugbu a nangalaba ọha na eze:  </nowiki> mfe2kdnjpd0g1lnvcfeki0taegy0j59 0 64132 688111 640459 2026-07-14T21:36:27Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the first global conference against racism in 1911|First Universal Races Congress}} [[Faịlụ:WCAR NSD! 2012 Cologne.JPG|thumb|World Conference against Racism]] Nzukọ mba ụwa megide ịkpa oke agbụrụ (WCAR) bụ usoro mmemme mba ụwa nke UNESCO haziri iji kwalite ọgụ megide echiche na omume ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Emeela ọgbakọ ise ruo ugbu a; na 1978, 1983, 2001, 2009 na 2021. Tọrọ ntọala mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ dị ka òtù na-adabere na United Nations, UNESCO malitere ozugbo e kere ya iji kwalite ọmụmụ sayensị gbasara agbụrụ agbụrụ na mgbasa ozi ha n'echiche ọha na eze iji kpochapụ pseudo-scientific rationalizations nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Otu n'ime akwụkwọ mbụ e bipụtara bụ Ajụjụ Race na 1950, nke ndị ọkà mmụta dị iche iche ama ama n'ụwa bịanyere aka na ya. == Nzukọ nke 1978 == {{International opposition to Apartheid}}{{Main|World Conference against Racism 2001}} Emere ọgbakọ mba ụwa nke 1978 megide ịkpa oke agbụrụ na Geneva, Switzerland. Ihe kacha lekwasịrị anya na ọgbakọ ahụ bụ ụkpụrụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mba South Africa. Nke a gụnyere nkatọ nke mmekọrịta Israel-South Africa (karịsịa nkwado akụ na ụba na nke agha), arịrịọ na United Nations Security Council tụlere "mmanye nke mmachi zuru oke na nke iwu kwadoro" na South Africa na "ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ndịda Africa", na nkatọ ndị ọzọ nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa. Enwekwara nkwupụta na mmemme nke sitere na ogbako ahụ nke katọrọ oke agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ma kpọọ maka akụrụngwa agụmakwụkwọ iji kwalite "nghọta mmekọrịta n'etiti mmadụ niile ma gosipụta ... ihe ndabere nke agbụrụ na agbụrụ agbụrụ", n'etiti okwu ndị ọzọ.[2]. == Nzukọ 1983 == {{Main|Durban Review Conference}} Emekwara ọgbakọ mba ụwa nke 1983 megide ịkpa oke agbụrụ na Geneva, Switzerland. == Nzukọ 2001 == {{Main|World Conference against Racism 2001}} Emere ogbako 2001 na Durban, South Africa, n'okpuru nkwado UN site na 31 August ruo 8 Septemba 2001. Onye bụbu onye isi ala Irish Mary Robinson, mgbe ahụ onye isi UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, buru onyeisi oche dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu. Isiokwu a kpọrọ "Ogbako Ụwa megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, Xenophobia na enweghị ndidi metụtara", ọgbakọ ahụ na-atụle mmeso ọjọọ nke otu otu megide ibe ya. Oge dị ịrịba ama lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem na mmeso Israel na-emeso ndị Palestine,[1] na-emeso mmebi nke ikike mmadụ na mgbukpọ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa nke abụọ. N'ịkwupụta mmemme, ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ kwuru, sị:<blockquote>"Anyị na-ekwusi ike na a na-eme mbanye anyị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mkpochapụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na enweghị ndidi metụtara ya, nakwa na a na-eme ndụmọdụ ndị dị na mmemme nke mmemme, na mmụọ nke ịdị n'otu na imekọ ihe ọnụ nke mba ụwa na site na ebumnuche na ụkpụrụ nke Charter nke United Nations na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke mba ụwa. A na-atụ aro ndị a n'oge gara aga na n'oge gara aga. Ụzọ na-ele anya n'ihu, anyị ghọtara na nhazi na mmejuputa atumatu, atumatu, mmemme na omume ndị a kwesịrị ime nke ọma na ngwa ngwa, bụ ọrụ nke steeti niile, na itinye aka zuru oke nke ọha mmadụ na ọkwa mba, mpaghara na mba ụwa[1].</blockquote>Nzukọ 2001 nwere esemokwu banyere Middle East na ihe nketa nke ịgba ohu, ma dakọta na mwakpo megide Israel na ngagharị iwe megide Israel na nzukọ nke òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị. US na Israel wepụrụ n'etiti nzukọ ahụ n'ihi mkpebi nke, n'echiche ha, họpụtara Israel maka nkatọ ma jiri Zionism tụnyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=New racism declaration unveiled|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/09/04/racism.main/index.html|accessdate=29 December 2023|work=CNN|date=2001-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Racism Walkout: The Overview; U.S. And Israelis Quit Racism Talks Over Denunciation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/world/racism-walkout-overview-us-israelis-quit-racism-talks-over-denunciation.html|accessdate=29 December 2023|work=The New York Times|date=4 September 2001}}</ref> European Union jụkwara ịnabata okwu nke mba ndị Arab na-akatọ Israel maka "omume ịkpa ókè agbụrụ". <ref>{{Cite news|title=UN rights chief backs anti-racism conference|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-un-un-racism-conference-030209-2009mar02-story.html|accessdate=29 December 2023|work=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=2 March 2009}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na nnọkọ ahụ, mba Afrịka, nke Naijiria na Zimbabwe na-edu, na ndị NGO African-American chọrọ mgbaghara n'otu n'otu site na mba ọ bụla na-ahụ maka Ịgba ohu, ịnakwere ya dị ka mpụ megide ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ, na nkwụghachi ụgwọ a na-akpọ dị ka nke a. Ndị Europe jikọtara ọnụ n'azụ UK na ihe kachasị mma ndị Afrịka nwere ike inweta bụ oku maka nkwado maka New African Initiative, enyemaka ụgwọ, ego iji lụso ọrịa AIDS ọgụ, iweghachite ego gọọmentị zuru ohi nke ndị ọchịchị aka ike na ndị otu ha wegara West, na njedebe nke ịzụ ahịa ndị mmadụ. Mana okwu 'nrụzi' adịkwaghị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/unracism/story/0,,548954,00.html|title=Africans back down at UN race talks: Special report: UN conference against racism|first=Chris|author=McGreal|work=[[The Observer]]|date=9 September 2001}}</ref> == Nzukọ 2009 == E mere 2009 World Conference Against Racism na Geneva, Switzerland. Canada, Israel, United States of America, New Zealand, Germany, <ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/16/germany-to-boycott-durban_n_187677.html|work=The Huffington Post|first=Stuart|author=Whatley|title=Germany To Boycott Durban II Anti-Racism Conference|date=16 April 2009}}</ref> Italy, <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-03-05|title=Italy to boycott Durban 2|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3681988,00.html|accessdate=2021-07-24|work=Ynetnews|language=en|author=Sofer|first=Roni}}</ref> Sweden, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sverige boykotter racismekonference|url=https://politiken.dk/internationalt/art4797309/Sverige-boykotter-racismekonference|accessdate=2025-06-01|work=Politiken - Den levende avis|language=da-DK}}</ref> Netherlands, Poland <ref name="rfi.fr">{{Cite web|title=RFI - France calls for firm EU action after Ahmadinejad dubs Israel racist|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/112/article_3529.asp|accessdate=2021-07-24|work=www1.rfi.fr}}</ref> na, mgbe ụfọdụ obi abụọ mbụ gasịrị, Australia [4] kwupụtara na ha agaghị esonye na nzukọ ahụ. Mark Mardell nke akụkọ BBC kọrọ: Na Mọnde Nzukọ ahụ ga-amalite, Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ nke Ịtali Franco Frattini (onye bụ ruo n'afọ gara aga European Commissioner for Security and Justice) gwara akwụkwọ akụkọ Ịtali Il Giornale na ọdịda Europe ekwekọrịta na usoro a na-ahụkarị bụ "nnukwu njehie, n'ihi na ọ na-egosi enweghị ike anyị, n'agbanyeghị okwu niile e kwuru na njikọ a, iji nweta ma ọ dịkarịa ala ihe kachasị ala na nsogbu bụ isi: ya bụ ọgụ megide ịkpa ókè, nke anyị na Brussels na-ekwu maka ya mgbe niile. Frattini gara n'ihu, "M kwesịrị iche n'echiche na a ga-ahọrọ nkwekọrịta n'efu ọ bụla. Nke a, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'akwụkwọ ndị a kwadebere maka nzukọ ahụ na Geneva, ma e wezụga obere mmelite ole na ole, a nọgidere na-eme ka Israel bụrụ mba na-akpa ókè agbụrụ karịa ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. A ka e nwere ahịrịokwu ndị a na-anabataghị anabata nke, ma ọ bụrụ na e kwuru na nzukọ ndị minista EU, kwesịrị ime ka ndị mmadụ kwenye ịhapụ nzukọ ahụ - dịka anyị, United States, BBC, na Netherlands" N'April 20, 2009, Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ na [[New Zealand]] Murray McCully kwupụtara nchegbu banyere Nzukọ Nnyocha Durban na-abịanụ, dịka Associated Press kọrọ. O gosipụtara na ederede ederede maka nzukọ ahụ emeghị ka mkparịta ụka ahụ hụ na mkparịta ụka ga-ezere ọnọdụ obi ọjọọ na nkewa nke gosipụtara Nzukọ Durban nke afọ 2001. McCully tụrụ egwu karịsịa na ihe omume ahụ nwere ike ịghọ ebe arụmụka na-enweghị isi, dịka ndị dugara na ebubo nke mmegide ndị Juu na 2001. O kwupụtara nchegbu na ụfọdụ mba ndị Alakụba nwere ike iji nzukọ ahụ họpụta Israel maka nkatọ, ihe na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na ihe omume metụtara Durban. Tụkwasị na nke a, McCully dọrọ aka ná ntị na enwere ike iji nzukọ ahụ kwado mgbochi na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara nkatọ nke okpukpe. Nchegbu ndị a gosipụtara na New Zealand na-ala azụ iji kwado usoro nyocha ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-egosipụta nchegbu zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere ikike Durban nwere iji dozie ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'enweghị esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ụbọchị mmeghe nke nzukọ ahụ, France kwuru na ndị Europe ga-apụ ma ọ bụrụ na Ahmadinejad ekwu okwu ọ bụla na-emegide ndị Juu. "Anyị ga-edozi anya nke ukwuu. Anyị agaghị anabata ihe ọ bụla, "Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ nke France Bernard Kouchner gwara France Info. "Ọ bụrụ na o kwuo ebubo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma ọ bụ mmegide ndị Juu, anyị ga-apụ n'ime ụlọ ahụ ozugbo".<ref name="rfi.fr">{{Cite web|title=RFI - France calls for firm EU action after Ahmadinejad dubs Israel racist|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/112/article_3529.asp|accessdate=2021-07-24|work=www1.rfi.fr}}</ref> Germany kpebiri ịhapụ nzukọ ahụ n'etiti nchegbu ọdịda anyanwụ na ihe omume ahụ nwere ike ịnwe mmetụta na-emegide ndị Juu, onye isi ọrụ kwadoro na Berlin Thursday.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com" /> N'okwu mmeghe ya, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN Ban Ki-moon kwuru, "Ụfọdụ mba ndị site na ikike kwesịrị inyere anyị aka ịmepụta ụzọ maka ọdịnihu ka mma anọghị ebe a. N'èzí ụlọ nzukọ ndị a, ndị nwere mmasị nke ọtụtụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na echiche na-eti ibe ha mkpu n'ụzọ dị ilu. "<ref name="rfi.fr">{{Cite web|title=RFI - France calls for firm EU action after Ahmadinejad dubs Israel racist|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/112/article_3529.asp|accessdate=2021-07-24|work=www1.rfi.fr}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'ụbọchị ahụ, ihe dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya 40 hapụrụ n'oge okwu onye isi ala Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad mgbe ọ kọwara Israel dị ka "gọọmentị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ" ma wakpo okike nke steeti Israel. France, nke dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ọgbaghara, kọwara ya dị ka "okwu ịkpọasị", BBC kọrọ. Ọgbaghara ahụ bụ ọdachi mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka United Nations, <ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|title=Walkout at Iran leader's speech|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8008572.stm|accessdate=25 January 2011|publisher=BBC|date=20 April 2009}}</ref> nke nwere olileanya na nzukọ ahụ ga-abụ ihe atụ na-egbuke egbuke nke ihe UN kwesịrị ime nke ọma: ijikọ ọnụ iji lụso ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọgụ n'ụwa, ka Imogen Foulkes nke BBC kwuru na Geneva. Onye ọrụ ibe ya Jeremy Paxman kọwara ọgbaghara ahụ dị ka "ihe ngosi", na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ kwesịrị inwe ikike ịkatọ Zionism. Onye isi ala Ahmadinejad, naanị onye isi gara nzukọ ahụ, kwuru na e zigara ndị Juu si Europe na United States na Middle East mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị "iji guzobe ọchịchị agbụrụ na Palestine. Ọ gara n'ihu, site n'aka onye ntụgharị: "Ma n'ezie, iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ajọ nsonaazụ nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na Europe, ha nyere aka mee ka ọchịchị agbụrụ kachasị obi ọjọọ na nke mmegide na Palestine. "Ozugbo ọ malitere ịza ajụjụ nke ndị Juu na Israel, anyị enweghị ihe mere anyị ga-eji nọrọ n'ime ụlọ ahụ. "<ref name="BBC" /> Onye nnọchi anya Britain bụ Peter Gooderham, onye sokwa n'ime ndị hapụrụ, kwuru na ihe Ahmadinejad kwuru bụ "ihe mkparị na ihe na-akpasu iwe". "Okwu ndị na-emegide ndị Juu ekwesịghị inwe ọnọdụ na nzukọ UN na-emegidesi agbụrụ", ka ọ mara ọkwa na ndị nta akụkọ gbakọtara. (Akụkọ BBC) Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu mere ka okwu Ahmadinejad dị na webcast, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Live webcast – Durban Review Conference|accessdate=22 April 2009|url=http://un.org/webcast/durbanreview/archive.asp}}</ref> na Foreign Policy Journal, onye na-ebipụta akụkọ n'ịntanetị, mere ngwa ngwa wepụta ihe odide. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Text of President Ahmadinejad's Remarks at U.N. Conference on Racism|work=Foreign Policy Journal|date=21 April 2009|accessdate=22 April 2009|url=http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2009/04/21/full-text-of-president-ahmadinejads-remarks-at-un-conference-on-racism/}}</ref> == Nzukọ 2021 == Na Septemba 2021, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu gbakọtara iji cheta ncheta afọ 20 nke Nzukọ Ụwa nke 2001 megide Ịkpa Ókè, nke emere na Durban, South Africa, na-ekwusi ike na mkpebi ya iji mee ka atụmatụ mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ dịkwuo ike n'ụwa niile. Ihe omume Durban IV bu n'uche ịkwalite ebumnuche nke nkwupụta Durban nke ịlụso ịkpa ókè ọgụ na ịkwalite ịha nhata. Otú ọ dị, mba iri atọ na itoolu, gụnyere Albania, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, United Kingdom, na United States, kwụsịrị nchegbu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Durban na okwu mmegide ndị Juu, ọkachasị site na nzukọ 2001. European Union jikwa isonye ma ọ bụ kwuo okwu. Ndị nkatọ kwuru na nnọkọ ahụ lekwasịrị anya na esemokwu Israel-Palestine na-eme ka mbọ niile na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ghara ịdị, ebe ndị na-akwado ya kwusiri ike na ọ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ịkpa ókè ịkpa ókè mba ụwa. Nkwụsị ahụ gosipụtara nkewa dị omimi nke mba ụwa, na-akpali nchegbu banyere ịdị irè nke usoro Durban n'ịkwalite ọrụ dị n'otu megide ịkpa ókè. == Hụkwa == * Durban nke Atọ * Israel na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ * Ụbọchị Mba Nile Maka Ịkwụsị Ihe * Mkpebi Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu 3379 == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.un.org/WCAR/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ WCAR] * Nchịkọta nke Durban Declaration Radio France Internationale * [http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/resolutions/48/91GA1993.html "Afọ Iri nke Atọ iji lụso Ịkpa Ókè Agbụrụ na Ịkpa Ọ́kpa Ókè, G.A. res. 48/91, 48 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) na 193, U.N Doc. A/48/49 (1993) "], Human Rights Library, Mahadum Minnesota. {{South-South}}{{DEFAULTSORT:World Conference Against Racism}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jccw57tap2pziasrbsm0p6o8yzdu7fo 0 64538 688118 656006 2026-07-14T21:45:09Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Movement for Black Lives | formation = {{start date and age|2015|07|}} | full_name = | image =File:United States of Black Lives Matter by boldfrontiers.jpg | image_size = | alt = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] --> | caption =Ngagharị Maka Ndụ Ndị ise Ojii | map = <!-- map image --> | map_size = <!-- defaults to 250px --> | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = <!-- second map image, if required --> | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = M4BL | formerly = <!-- Any former names by which the organization known --> | named_after = | predecessor = | merged = <!-- Any other organizations with which the organization was merged --> | merger = <!-- Other organizations (if any) merged to constitute the organization --> | successor = | founder = <!-- or: | founders = --> | founding_location = Cleveland, Ohio | type = Coalition of activist organizations | status = <!-- Organization's legal status and/or description (company, charity, foundation, etc) --> | purpose = <!-- or: | focus = --> <!--(humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc)--> | professional_title = <!-- for professional associations --> | headquarters = | coords = <!-- location's {{coord}}s --> | region = <!-- or: | region_served = --> <!--Any particular region or regions associated with or served by the organization--> | services = | membership = 50 organizations * [[Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation]] * [[Ella Baker Center for Human Rights]] * [[National Conference of Black Lawyers]] | membership_year = <!-- Year to which membership number/data apply --> | language = <!-- or: | languages = --> <!--Any official language or languages used by the organization--> | sec_gen = <!-- Name of the organization's Secretary General (if post exists) or gen_sec for General Secretary --> | leader_title = <!-- defaults to "Leader" --> | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = <!-- or: | publication = --> <!--Organization's principal body (assembly, committee, board, etc) or publication--> | parent_organization = <!-- or: | parent_organisation = --> | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | staff = <!-- Numbers and/or types of staff --> | staff_year = <!-- Year to which staff numbers/data apply --> | volunteers = <!-- Numbers and/or types of volunteers --> | volunteers_year = <!-- Year to which volunteer numbers/data apply --> | website = {{url|https://m4bl.org}} | remarks = | bodystyle = <!-- Applies CSS style to the infobox table as a whole --> | footnotes = | motto = | extinction = <!-- or: | dissolved = --> <!--e.g. use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}--> | location = }} Movement for Black Lives ('''M4BL''') bụ njikọ nke ihe karịrị ìgwè iri ise na-anọchite anya ọdịmma nke Obodo ndị isi ojii gafee United States.<ref name="Newkirk">{{Cite web|author=Newkirk|first=Vann R. II|date=August 3, 2016|title=The Permanence of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/08/movement-black-lives-platform/494309/|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ndị otu a gụnyere Black Lives Matter Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, na Ella Baker Center for Human Rights.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us – The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502120213/https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|archivedate=May 2, 2019|accessdate=August 4, 2016|work=Movement for Black Lives|publisher=policy.m4bl.org}}</ref> Ndị kwadoro ha gwuyèrè, otu dị ka Color of Change, Race Forward, Brooklyn Movement Center, PolicyLink, Million Women March Cleveland, na ONE DC, na njikọ ahụ na-enweta nkwukọrịta na nkwado dị iche iche site na otu nzukọ a na-akpọ Blackbird. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arnold|first=Eric K.|date=2017|title=The BLM Effect: Hashtags, History and Race|journal=Race, Poverty & the Environment|volume=21|issue=2|pages=8–15|issn=1532-2874}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|accessdate=April 25, 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, ndị otu ahụ gbakọtara na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland ebe ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe dị n'agbata otu puku na narị ise, nakwa puku abụọ gbakọtara iji sonye na mkparịta ụka na ngagharị iwe. Nzukọ ahụ bu ụzọ gbalịa "ịmepụta ụzọ maka Movement for Black Lives iji mee ka ndị mmanye iwu nwee ajụjụ maka omume ha na mba". <ref name="about2017">{{Cite news|title=About Us – The Movement for Black Lives|language=en-US|work=The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/about/|accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="cleveland2015">{{Cite news|author=Morice|first=Jane|date=July 25, 2015|title=Thousands of 'freedom fighters' in Cleveland for first national Black Lives Matter conference|language=en-US|work=cleveland.com|url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/07/thousands_of_freedom_fighters.html|accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref name="bernard2017">{{Cite news|author=Bernard|first=Tanya Lucia|date=August 7, 2015|title=The Movement for Black Lives Convening: An Offering of Love|language=en-US|work=The Root|url=http://www.theroot.com/the-movement-for-black-lives-convening-an-offering-of-1790860722|accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, nzukọ ahụ dugara n'ịmepụta otutu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na ngwụcha nnọkọ ụbọchị atọ, na Julaị ịrị abụọ na ịsịị, Movement for Black Lives malitere otu afọ "usoro nke ịkpọkọta ndị otu mpaghara na nke mba iji mepụta United Front".<ref name="about2017" /> Usoro ogologo afọ a mechara mee ka e guzobe usoro nhazi nke na-akọwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ihe achọrọ, na ụkpụrụ nke Movement for Black Lives na-akwado iji nweta "nnwere onwe" nke obodo ndị isi ojii gafee Amerịka.<ref name="about2017" /> Mgbe ogbugbu George Floyd gasịrị, M4BL wepụtara Iwu BREATHE, nke kpọrọ maka mgbanwe iwu zuru oke gbasara ndị uwe ojii. Iwu ahụ gụnyere oku maka iwepụ ego site na ndị uwe ojii na itinye ego ozugbo n'ime ihe onwunwe obodo na ụdị nzaghachi mberede ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-07|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|accessdate=2020-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|accessdate=2020-07-18|work=The Root|date=July 14, 2020|language=en-us}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, Movement for Black Lives wepụtara iwu chọrọ iji meghachi omume na ọrịa COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Edwards|first=Breanna|date=March 31, 2020|title=Movement For Black Lives Releases Policy Demands In Response To COVID-19|url=https://www.essence.com/news/movement-for-black-lives-policy-demands-coronavirus-m4bl/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404025705/https://www.essence.com/news/movement-for-black-lives-policy-demands-coronavirus-m4bl/|archivedate=April 4, 2020|accessdate=April 24, 2020|work=Essence|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nhazi == Deva Woodly, Prọfesọ nke ndọrọ na ọchịchị nke The New School, kọwara Movement for Black Lives n'oge Ngagharị iwe George Floyd dị ka "òtù nche anwụ nke nwere njikọ nke òtù ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe gafee mba ahụ" nke nyere ndị mmadụ ohere "ijikọ ntụpọ n'etiti mgbaàmà nke nsogbu dị ugbu a na ihe kpatara ya". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Woodly|first=Deva|title=An American Reckoning|url=https://publicseminar.org/essays/an-american-reckoning/|accessdate=2020-07-02|work=Public Seminar|date=June 4, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ịkpọ okwu na nkwupụta === {{Progressivism}} Ikpo okwu nke òtù ahụ, nke e bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, nke akpọrọ A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom and Justice, nwere ihe isii achọrọ: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lee|first=Trymaine|date=August 1, 2016|title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Agenda|language=en-US|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-agenda-n620966|accessdate=2020-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Platform – The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/platform/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828130258/https://policy.m4bl.org/platform/|archivedate=August 28, 2016|accessdate=September 15, 2016|work=policy.m4bl.org}}</ref> # Kwụsị agha megide ndị isi ojii # Nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka mmerụ ahụ gara aga na nke na-aga n'ihu. # Ịchụpụ ego site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme mpụ, na-ekpuchi ma na-emerụ ndị isi ojii ahụ; na itinye ego na agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike na nchekwa nke ndị isi ojii. # Ikpe ziri ezi maka mmadụ niile na iwughachi akụ na ụba iji hụ na obodo anyị nwere ihe onwunwe, ọ bụghị naanị ohere. # Nchịkwa obodo nke iwu, ụlọ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị na-emetụta anyị. # Ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị ojii nwere onwe ha na mkpebi onwe onye ndị isi ojii n'akụkụ niile nke ọha mmadụ. M4BL kwenyere na nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, nke nkwụghachi a kwụrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo Afrịka-Amerika na afọ 2012 bu ụzọ.<ref name="Repar">{{Cite web|publisher=[[Movement For Black Lives]]|author=National African American Reparations Commission|authorlink=National African American Reparations Commission|pages=1–12|title=HR 40 Primer : Seize The Time!|url=https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NCOBRA-HR40-Primer.pdf|accessdate=2025-07-12|archivedate=2025-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706201635/https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NCOBRA-HR40-Primer.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 2023-2024, ọ wepụtara nkwupụta "anyị na-achọ nkwụsị ọkụ ozugbo ma kwụsị ọrụ US kwadoro na Palestine," na-etinye aka "iguzogide mgbukpọ nke Gaza" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m4bl.org/statements/movement-for-black-lives-statement-on-us-backed-occupation-of-palestine/|title=Movement for Black Lives Calls for an Immediate End to the U.S.-Backed Occupation of Palestine}}</ref> === Nkwado ego na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ === N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe òtù ahụ bipụtara ikpo okwu ya na afo 2016, òtù ịrị ịse edebanyela aha nkwado ha. Otu nnukwu mgbalị bụ nguzobe nke otu ọrụ ebere Borealis Philanthropy nke Black-Led Movement Fund (BLMF). Ezubere iji kwado ọrụ nke M4BL, BLMF bụ ma ego ndị na-enye onyinye jikọtara ọnụ na-ezube iweta $ 100 nde na mmegharị ahụ, yana atụmatụ e mere iji nyere mmegharị ahụ aka iwulite ikike nhazi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=McGirt|first=Ellen|date=August 8, 2016|title=raceAhead: Why Ford Foundation Is Underwriting Black Lives Matter|url=https://fortune.com/2016/08/08/raceahead-why-ford-foundation-is-underwriting-black-lives-matter/|accessdate=2020-07-31|work=[[Fortune magazine]]|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị dị mkpa == === Ngagharị iwe nke Mahadum Steeti Cleveland === N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, ndị mmadụ si n'akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ gbakọtara na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland iji meghachi omume na ihe omume obi ọjọọ nke ndị uwe ojii megide ndị Afrịka America. N'ụzọ doro anya, ọnwụ nke ndị mmadụ dịka Michael Brown, Eric Garner, na Tamir Rice mere ka mkpa maka nzukọ ahụ n'etiti ndị Afrịka America. N'oge nnọkọ ụbọchị atọ (Julaị 24-26), ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe sonyere na mkparịta ụka, na-ele ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, ma na-etinye aka na ọmụmụ ihe e mere iji mee ka ndị mmadụ na-achọ ịchọta ngwọta maka nsogbu ndị obodo ndị isi ojii na-eche ihu. A na-ewere mgbakọ Mahadum Steeti Cleveland dị ka nnukwu nnọkọ mbụ nke Movement for Black Lives, ebe ihe karịrị mmadụ otu puku na nari ise gara nzukọ ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe site na mgbakọ ahụ malitere ọrụ iji guzobe nzukọ Movement for Black Lives, yana ịmepụta usoro iwu nke nwere ike iduzi ndị na-arụ ọrụ site na mba ahụ niile n'ọgụ ha iji kwụsị obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na ịkpa ókè megide ndị isi ojii na United States. <ref name="cleveland2015"/> <ref name="bernard2017"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Walker|first=Carol Carter|date=August 31, 2015|title=The Movement For Black Lives Convening In Cleveland—A Transformative Experience|url=https://sidewithlove.org/ourstories/a-transformative-experience|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=Standing on the Side of Love|archivedate=December 11, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211131738/https://sidewithlove.org/ourstories/a-transformative-experience}}</ref> Nzukọ ahụ nwetakwara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi mba mgbe, n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke mgbakọ ahụ, onye ọrụ Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) chụpụrụ ìgwè ndị isi African-American na-eme ihe na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland. Ìgwè mmadụ ahụ gbakọtara iji meghachi omume na njide nke onye ọrụ RTA nke onye Afrịka-Amerika dị afọ iri na ụma maka ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè. Dị ka ndị ọchịchị si kwuo, onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma enweghị ike "ilekọta onwe ya" n'ihi ọkwa mmanya na-egbu ya, ya mere ndị ọchịchị chere na ọ dị mkpa iburu ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'oge a na-ejide onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, otu ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara gburugburu ụgbọ mmiri ndị uwe ojii iji mee mkpesa maka njide nke onye ahụ nọ na afọ iri na ụnyaahụ; iji kpochapụ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ n'ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha ahụ, "onye uwe ojii na-ahụ maka njem jiri ntụ ntụ" mee ihe maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe. Ihe omume ahụ dọtara nkatọ dị ka ndị nwere mmasị, dị ka ACLU nke Ohio, kwenyere na "iji ose eme ihe site na mmanye iwu dị ka ụzọ iji chịkwaa ìgwè mmadụ bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo" <ref>{{Cite news|date=July 30, 2015|title=ACLU Questions RTA Police Pepper Spray Incident at Close of Movement for Black Lives Convening|work=Targeted News Service|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1700329726/|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Yang|first=Jessica|date=July 30, 2015|title=RTA Officer Pepper Sprays Movement for Black Lives Gathering at CSU|work=University Wire; Carlsbad|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1770432115/|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larimer|first=Sarah|date=July 27, 2015|title=Cleveland Authorities Investigating Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed 'Black Lives' Activists|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1702098777/|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi egwuregwu ọkachamara === Ndị na-eme egwuregwu n'ofe egwuregwu ndị ọkachamara nke America egosila nkwado ha maka mmegharị ahụ site na ngosipụta na ngagharị iwe dị iche iche. N'afọ 2016, onye na-agba bọọlụ bụ Colin Kaepernick họpụtara ikpere n'ala n'oge a na-egwu abụ mba n'egwuregwu bọọlụ NFL. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe egwuregwu gasịrị, Kaepernick kọwara, "Agaghị m eguzo iji gosipụta mpako na ọkọlọtọ maka mba na-emegbu ndị isi ojii na ndị isi ojii. " <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 27, 2016|title=Colin Kaepernick explains why he sat during national anthem|language=en|work=NFL|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/colin-kaepernick-explains-why-he-sat-during-national-anthem-0ap3000000691077|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref> Kaepernicks na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe nke NFL nwetara nkatọ siri ike maka ngagharị iwe ha tupu egwuregwu n'oge niile nke afọ 2016, gụnyere nkatọ sitere n'aka Onye ọka ikpe kachasị elu [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] onye kwuru, "M ga-ejide ha maka ime ya? Mba... Echere m na ọ bụ nzuzu na enweghị nkwanye ùgwù na United States. " Ọ bụ mkpesa siri ike. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bieler|first=Des|date=October 12, 2016|title=Colin Kaepernick responds to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's criticism of anthem protests|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/10/12/colin-kaepernick-responds-to-justice-ruth-bader-ginsburgs-criticism-of-anthem-protests/|accessdate=March 16, 2017|work=Washington Post}}</ref> Kaepernique na ndụ ndị isi ojii mere ka mkparịta ụka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sandritter|first=Mark|date=September 11, 2016|title=All the athletes who joined Kaepernick's national anthem protest|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2016/9/11/12869726/colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-protest-seahawks-brandon-marshall-nfl|accessdate=March 16, 2017|work=SBNation|publisher=Vox Media}}</ref> Ndị egwuregwu si n'egwuregwu ndị ọzọ nke America, dị ka National Basketball Association, esonyewokwa na ngagharị iwe iji kwado Movement for Black Lives. N'afọ 2016, ndị na-eme egwuregwu basketball LeBron James, Chris Paul, Dwyane Wade, na Carmelo Anthony gara n'etiti etiti ESPY iji nye "ọkpụkpọ ka ha mee ihe" na nzaghachi maka ịgba égbè nke Philando Castile na Alton Sterling, yana ọnwụ nke ndị uwe ojii ise e gbuo na mbido ọnwa ahụ. Ndị kpakpando NBA anọ ahụ hụrụ ya dị ka ohere iji mee ka ndị mmadụ nọ n'akụkụ abụọ nke Movement for Black Lives dịrị n'otu. Onye bụbu onye na-agba égbè na Miami Heat, Dwyane Wade, kwuru, sị, "Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ga-akwụsị... mana mmegwara ga-akpụkwa. "Ozu ezuola. " Ìgwè ahụ gbakwunyere ndị America ka ha "kwụsị ime ihe ike niile, kama, lekwasị anya na mgbalị ha n'ịrụzigharị obodo ndị kewara ekewa n'ime Amerịka. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bieler|first=Des|date=July 13, 2016|title=NBA superstars issue 'call to action' for fellow athletes in appearance at ESPYs|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/07/13/nba-superstars-issue-call-to-action-for-fellow-athletes-in-appearance-at-espys/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Huddleston|first=Tom|date=July 14, 2016|title=LeBron James and Fellow NBA Stars Call for Nonviolence at ESPYs|work=Fortune|url=https://fortune.com/2016/07/14/epsys-gun-violence-lebron-james/|accessdate=March 16, 2017}}</ref> === Ịgba Ọsọ Maka Ndụ Ndị Ojii === {{pb}}Na afo Julaị 20, 2020, Movement for Black Lives bụ otu n'ime òtù iri isii, gụnyere ọtụtụ òtù ọrụ, nke haziri ịgba ọsọ maka ndụ ndị ojii. Dị ka akụkụ nke Ngagharị iwe George Floyd na-aga n'ihu na nnukwu Black Lives Matter movement, ọgbaghara ahụ gụnyere ngagharị iwe mba niile nke gụnyere ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ na-eme ngagharị iwe maka ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ na akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Billings|first=Kevin|date=July 20, 2020|title=Thousands Of Workers To Participate In 'Strike For Black Lives' Protests|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/thousands-workers-participate-strike-black-lives-protests-3014077|accessdate=July 23, 2020|work=[[International Business Times]]|publisher=[[IBT Media]]}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Òtù ndị dị ka National Council of Asian Pacific Americans, ACLU nke Northern California, na National Council of Jewish Women gosipụtara nkwado maka Movement for Black Lives site n'inye nkwupụta ọha na eze na-esote mbipụta esemokwu nke usoro ahụ. Ọkpụkpọ Movement for Black Lives maka mgbanwe ikpe mpụ na njedebe nke obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii kpaliri ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya. N'otu nkwupụta, National Council of Jewish Women kwuru, "NCJW kwenyesiri ike na ndụ ndị isi ojii dị mkpa, gụnyere ndị Juu na-acha ọbara ọbara, bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndị Juu na ndị NCJW anyị. Anyị ghọtara na ndị isi ojii na ndị Juu nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọgụ anyị maka ikpe ziri ezi. "<ref name="proquest2016">{{Cite news|date=August 8, 2016|title=NCJW Responds to Movement for Black Lives Platform|work=Targeted News Service|id={{ProQuest|1810281606}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref>{{pb}}Pb Movement for Black Lives nwetara nkwado ọzọ site na Democracy for America mgbe a tọhapụrụ usoro iwu ya. Otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị bụ isi nke Movement for Black Lives bụ ịkwalite ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke na-anọchite anya obodo ndị isi ojii na America. Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche eguzo n'ịdị n'otu na M4BL n'ihi na, dị ka Democracy for America si kwuo, a na-ahụ ya dị ka "ihe dị mma maka mkparịta ụka dị mkpa, nke na-emetụta nsonaazụ nke ndị isi Democratic Party ugbu a na ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu ga-enwe na obodo ha na-eje ozi". Ọzọkwa, ebumnuche nke Movement for Black Lives iji kwalite mgbanwe akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-enye "atụmatụ siri ike" maka ndị omeiwu n'ọdịnihu ka ha na-achọ ịghọtawanye ma dozie nsogbu ndị dị n'ime obodo ndị isi ojii.{{Black Lives Matter}}pb N'afọ 2016, Ford Foundation jikọtara aka na Borealis Philanthropy, otu nzukọ dị n'etiti, iji guzobe "Black-Led Movement Fund" na ebumnuche ekwupụtara "iweta $ 100 nde na ihe ọhụrụ na Movement for Black Lives". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/funding-black-lives-matter-ford/|title=Who Is Funding Black Lives Matter: Ford Foundation|author=McGirt|first=Ellen|work=Fortune|accessdate=2017-06-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/ideas/equals-change-blog/posts/why-black-lives-matter-to-philanthropy/|title=Why black lives matter to philanthropy|work=Ford Foundation|date=July 19, 2016|accessdate=2017-06-24}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Ford Foundation kpebiri ịghara ịga n'ihu na itinye ego ha, ha ka na-enye ọtụtụ nde òtù iji kwado ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grants All|url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/our-grants/grants-database/grants-all?page=2|accessdate=2021-07-18|work=Ford Foundation|language=en}}</ref> BLMF enweela ike inye obere enyemaka nye ọtụtụ òtù n'ime Movement for Black Lives . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://borealisphilanthropy.org/grantmaking/black-led-movement-fund/grantees/|title=Grantees|work=Borealis Philanthropy|accessdate=2017-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2020, Borealis Philanthropy nyere $ 5.4 nde na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-akwado M4BL.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=The Black-led Movement Fund Moves $5.4 Million to Grassroots Organizations in Fall 2020 - Borealis Philanthropy|url=https://borealisphilanthropy.org/blmf-moves-over-5million-fall-2020/|accessdate=2021-07-18|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718175132/https://borealisphilanthropy.org/blmf-moves-over-5million-fall-2020/}}</ref> E nwere mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma n'etiti òtù ndị Juu na ikpo okwu Movement for Black Lives '2016, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jewish groups condemn Black Lives Matter platform for accusing 'apartheid' Israel of 'genocide'|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/jewish-allies-condemn-black-lives-matters-apartheid-platform-1.5421194|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-05|title=Why the Black Lives Matter Platform's False Accusation of Israeli 'Genocide' Was So Damaging|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/from-left-to-right-jewish-groups-condemn-repellent-black-lives-matter-claim-of-israeli-genocide|accessdate=2020-06-14|work=Tablet Magazine|language=en}}</ref> ebe M4BL kwuru na "[US] na-akwado ma na-akwalite agha ụwa megide iyi ọha egwu site na njikọ ya na Israel ma na-akwado na mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-ewere ọnọdụ megide ndị Palestine", na "Israel bụ steeti ịkpa ókè agbụrụ", nakwa na "[US [kwadowo] mgbidi ịkpa ókè".[the]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Invest–Divest|work=The Movement for Black Lives|url=https://policy.m4bl.org/invest-divest/|publisher=Movement for Black Lives|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212055703/https://policy.m4bl.org/invest-divest/|archivedate=12 February 2020}}</ref>  {{Primary source inline|date=June 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2020)">non-primary source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Edensibia == * {{official|m4bl.org}} {{Black Lives Matter}}Ndu ndi ịsị ojii di mkpa [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rhdds6o5ok2sb34quzu3aqw2xjdf047 0 66722 688122 497646 2026-07-14T21:51:09Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Abraham_Brill_2.jpg|thumb|Abraham A. Brill]] '''Abraham Arden Brill''' (Austrian German: [brɪl]; October 12, 1874 - March 2, 1948) bụ onye American psychiatrist a mụrụ na Austria nke nọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndụ ya niile na United States. Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-enyocha uche na-arụ ọrụ na United States na onye ntụgharị mbụ nke Sigmund Freud n'asụsụ .<ref name="mishne">{{Cite book|author=Mishne|first=Judith Marks|title=The Evolution and Application of Clinical Theory: Perspective from Four Psychologies|year=1993|publisher=The Free Press|location=NY|isbn=9780029216354|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bS21abc4GYUC&pg=PA33}}</ref>{{IPA|de-AT|brɪl|lang}}{{IPA|de-AT|brɪl|lang}}{{IPA|de-AT|brɪl|lang}} == Mmụta == A mụrụ Brill na Kańczuga, Austrian Galicia, nne na nna ya bụ [[Jew|Ndị Juu]]. Ọ bịarutere na United States naanị ya na-enweghị ego mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. Ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado ọmụmụ ya, ọ mechara gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum New York na 1901 wee nweta M.D. ya na Mahadum Columbia na 1903. <ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|title=Dr. A.A. Brill Dies; Psychiatrist, 73|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/03/03/94939761.pdf|accessdate=March 8, 2013|work=New York Times|date=March 3, 1948}}</ref> Ernest Jones ji nkwanye ùgwù kwuo, sị: "O nwere ike ịbụ na a kpọrọ ya diamond siri ike, mana enweghị obi abụọ banyere diamond ahụ".<ref name="P. Gay, Freud 1989 p. 209">P. Gay, ''Freud'' (1989) p. 209</ref> Brill nọrọ afọ anọ sochirinụ na-arụ ọrụ na Central Islip State Hospital na Long Island. <ref name="nytobit" /> == Ndụ == Brill lụrụ K. Rose Owen, onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ abụọ. Ọ nwụrụ na Mount Sinai Hospital na New York City na Machị 2, 1948, mgbe ọ dị afọ 73. <ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|title=Dr. A.A. Brill Dies; Psychiatrist, 73|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/03/03/94939761.pdf|accessdate=March 8, 2013|work=New York Times|date=March 3, 1948}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ya na Eugen Bleuler gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Zurich, Switzerland, <ref name="mishne">{{Cite book|author=Mishne|first=Judith Marks|title=The Evolution and Application of Clinical Theory: Perspective from Four Psychologies|year=1993|publisher=The Free Press|location=NY|isbn=9780029216354|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bS21abc4GYUC&pg=PA33}}</ref> ọ zutere Freud, onye ya na ya nọgidere na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ruo mgbe Freud nwụrụ na 1939. Ọ laghachiri na United States na 1908 ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na psychoanalysis, ịbụ onye mbụ sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bekee ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Freud, yana akwụkwọ Jung. Nsụgharị mbụ ya nke Freud pụtara na 1909 dị ka Some Papers on Hysteria; na ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịma mma nke nsụgharị ya mgbe ụfọdụ, onyinye ya n'ozuzu ya n'ịkwalite psychoanalysis na America enweghị ike. <ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|title=Dr. A.A. Brill Dies; Psychiatrist, 73|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/03/03/94939761.pdf|accessdate=March 8, 2013|work=New York Times|date=March 3, 1948}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ maka nkwanye ugwu agụmakwụkwọ nke ngalaba ya, kụziri na Mahadum Columbia, wee ghọọ prọfesọ na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche na Mahadum New York.<ref name="mishne" /> Ọ nọgidekwara na-arụ ọrụ psychoanalytic. N'afọ 1911, o guzobere New York Psychoanalytic Society (ma ọ bụ Institute) ma mesịa nyere aka guzobe American Psychoanalystic Association . <ref name="mishne">{{Cite book|author=Mishne|first=Judith Marks|title=The Evolution and Application of Clinical Theory: Perspective from Four Psychologies|year=1993|publisher=The Free Press|location=NY|isbn=9780029216354|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bS21abc4GYUC&pg=PA33}}</ref> A na-akpọ ọbá akwụkwọ nke New York Psychoanalytic Institute aha ya. <ref name="mishne" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-emegide ụkpụrụ nke nyocha - "psychoanalysis... nwere ike iji naanị ndị a zụrụ na anatomy na pathology" - kama ịkewa òtù mba ụwa, na 1929 o nyere Freud ma, dị ka onye isi nke New York Psychoanalytic Society, kwadoro obere iwebata ndị nyocha na ọrụ ahụ, nke na-egbochi ndị ọkachamara ahụike.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Muckenhoupt|first=Margaret|title=Sigmund Freud: Explorer of the Unconscious|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=NY|url=https://archive.org/details/sigmundfreudexpl0000muck}}</ref> N'ime afọ ndị 1930 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchọta ọrụ maka ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka isi mgbaka ndị a chụpụrụ na Nazi Europe.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Friedman|first=Lawrence Jacob|title=Identity's Architect: A Biography of Erik H. Erikson|year=1999|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674004375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFJvyOpFJtUC&pg=PA111}}</ref> Ozugbo ọ na-enwe ọmịiko n'ebe ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha nọ, ọ tụgharịrị echiche ya wee dee na 1940 na "ọbụna ndị a na-akpọ ndị na-emegide onwe ha abụghị ndị na-enweghị mmasị n'àgwà ụfọdụ".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Terry|first=Jennifer|title=An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and Homosexuality in Modern Society|year=1999|publisher=University of Chicago Press|pages=292–3|isbn=9780226793665|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qRMJ_d-yUWYC&pg=PA292}}</ref> Edward Bernays gakwuru Brill n'ihe gbasara ị se sịga ụmụ nwanyị wee gbaziri okwu ahụ bụ "ọwa nke nnwere onwe" n'aka Brill. Otu n'ime ihe odide ikpeazụ ya - okwu mmalite ya na ọmụmụ Eric Berne nke 1947, The Mind in Action - kwadoro ikike Berne nwere "ịkọwapụta nkà mmụta uche ọhụrụ na-enweghị mmetụta nke ndị Freudians meworo agadi", na-etinye ụtụ ya n'ọnọdụ nke onwe ya" ebe ọ gụrụ ihe niile edere na Freud na psychoanalysis kemgbe m bu ụzọ webatara ya ebe a". == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * Psychoanalysis: Echiche ya na ngwa bara uru (1912) * Echiche ndị bụ isi nke Psychoanalysis (1921) '''Ntụgharị asụsụ nke Freud''' * Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara na Hysteria (1909) * Enyemaka Atọ na Tiori nke Mmekọ aụ (1910) * Nkọwa nke Nrọ (1913) * Psychopathology nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị (1914) * Akwụkwọ ahọpụtara na Hysteria na ndị ọzọ Psychoneuroses (1912) * Leonardo da Vinci: Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị nke ncheta ụmụ ọhụrụ (1916) * Wit na njikọ ya na ndị amaghị ihe (1917) Totem na Taboo (1919) * Ọmụmụ ihe na Hysteria (1937) '''Ntụgharị asụsụ nke Jung''' * ''Nkà na ụbụrụ Praecox'' (1909) == Hụkwa == * Sándor Ferenczi * Otto Rank == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/risecrisisofpsyc0000hale/page/n7/mode/2up|author=Hale|first=Nathan G., Jr|title=The Rise and Crisis of Psychoanalysis in the United States. Freud and the Americans 1917–1985|location=New York|publisher=Oxford U.P.|year=1995}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Works by Abraham BrillnaỌrụ Gutenberg * Works by Abraham BrillnaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze) crhx09csu88xt83wm698dps5vq5gjai 0 66934 688073 514616 2026-07-14T14:08:11Z SafariScribe 18560 SafariScribe moved page [[The Slave Girl: a novel]] to [[The Slave Girl]]: Remove unnecessary parentheses/disambiguator 514616 wikitext text/x-wiki The Slave Girl bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 1977 nke onye edemede Naijiria [[Buchi Emecheta]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/books/buchi-emecheta-dead-nigerian-novelist.html|title=Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian Novelist, Dies at 72|author=Grimes|first=William|authorlink=William Grimes (journalist)|date=10 February 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> nke Allison na Busby bipụtara na UK na George Braziller bipụtara na US. Ọ meriri Jock Campbell nturuugo site na ọkwá ọhụrụ na 1978.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_YatfLrgnMC&dq=Buchi+Emecheta+21+July+1944&pg=PA164|title=The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=2007|isbn=9788126908325|editor=Ray}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bụ akwụkwọ nke anọ Emecheta; a raara ya nye onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya [[Margaret Busby]]. == Nkọwa == The Slave Girl na-eme na Naịjirịa, na mbido afọ 1900, ma na-akọ akụkọ Ogbanje Ojebeta onye, mgbe ọnwụ nne na nna ya gasịrị, a na-ere ya n'ohu ụlọ. "Ọ na-enweta nkasi obi n'etiti ndị ohu ibe ya mana ọ na-amụta ihe na-egbu mgbu nke ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ onye ọzọ. Ka Ojebeta na-etolite n'ime nwanyị, ọ na-achọ nnwere onwe na ezinụlọ nke ya. Ọ ghọtara na ọ ga-emecha kpebie ọdịnihu nke ya, mgbe ohere ahụ bilitere, ọ na na-eme nhọrọ nke anyị dị ka ndị nke oge a nwere ike ịchọta ihe ijuanya. " Nnyocha dị mma nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ pụtara na mbipụtà gụnyere New Statesman - nke kwuru, sị: "Buchi Emecheta na-emepụta ọmịiko dị mma maka nsogbu mmadụ; akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya a na-eme ka ebubo na-ekwu maka enweghị obi ebere nke ndị ọgọ mmụọ na nke Ndị Kraịst nye ụmụ nwanyị" - na ''Sọnde Akwụkwọ Akụkọ'': "Nwunye Emecheta mepụtara ezigbo agwa na ihe nkiri ma... na-akọwa netwọk omenala sitere n'oge gara aga nke nyere aka n'àgwà dị ugbu a. N'ide akwụkwọ na Onye nlekọta Carol Dix kwuru na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ "na-egosi ọtụtụ ederede ụmụ nwanyị agụmakwụkwọ n'ime ihe na-abàghị uru....Ọ na-eme ka ị chọọ ka ndị edemede ndị ọzọ si na klas ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha gụrụ akwụkwọ; nke bụ ihe anyị kwesịrị ịnwa ịgba ume. " Dị ka nyocha Juliana Ógunseiju makà "Otu akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Africa" si kwuo: "Ọ bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị kasị mma tupu ọchịchị ndị Afrịka ma bụrụ ndị a na-akwado ya". Anita Kern Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Ụwa kwuru: "Ojebetä ka bụ mgbakwunye nke obere".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kern|first=Anita|title=Review of The Slave Girl|journal=[[World Literature Today]]|date=1979|volume=53|issue=1|pages=172}}</ref> * 1978: Jock Campbell nturuugo site na ''""Onye Ọchịchị Ọhụrụ'''.''''' * Brodzki, Bella (1994), "'Changing Masters': Gender, Genre, and the Discourses of Slavery", na Margaret R. Higonnet (ed.), *# '''ịgbaso óké feminist''' Engagements with Comparative Literature, Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press, peeji nke 42-60. * {{Cite journal|author=Frank|first=Katherine|title=The death of the slave girl: African womanhood in the novels of Buchi Emecheta|journal=[[World Literature Written in English]]|date=September 1982|volume=21|issue=3|pages=476–497|doi=10.1080/17449858208588746}} * Tahbildar, Barnali (1997), [http://www.postcolonialweb.org/nigeria/emecheta/btwomen1.html "Ọrụ nke nwanyị Naijiria na Emecheta's The Slave Girl"], Postcolonial Web. == Ihe odide == si0k1mtuzo9wi6p2el6cqh5kk97riea 0 67044 688088 671352 2026-07-14T16:48:43Z King ChristLike 13051 corrected heading 688088 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:Shavkat_Mirziyoyev_and_Mehrinoz_Abbosova.jpg|thumb|Shavkat Mirziyoyev na Mehrinoz Abbasova. Ihe nkiri sitere na ngosi nke ọrụ WikiStipendiya. June 30, 2022]] '''Mehrinoz Abbosova''' (amụrụ ya na Julaị 23, 1995; Uzbekistan) bụ onye oké edemede, onye nta akụkọ, na onye na-enyocha edemede si Uzbekistan. Na afọ 2017, Onye isi ala Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev họpụtara Abbosova dịka onyeisi ọhụrụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Republican Council of Young Artists e guzobere ọhụrụ. N’ọkwá a, ọ duziri ọtụtụ emume na oru dị iche iche iji kwado ndị omenkà dị obere afọ n’Uzbekistan dum. Abbosova sokwara na ọrụ ndị na-achọ imepụta ọdịnaya dijitalụ dị mma n’asụsụ Uzbek, gụnyere mmemme nchịkọta akụkọ [[WikiStipendiya]] na [[Wikipedia Uzbek]]. Kemgbe afọ 2022, Abbosova abụrụla onye everyịsọ na-enye ndụmọdụ nye onye isi Agensị Maka Ihe Nmetụta Ndị Ntorobịa nke Alaeze Republic nke Uzbekistan. Ọ abụla onye otu Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndị Odeakwụkwọ nke Uzbekistan kemgbe afọ 2018. E nyere ya onyinye Zulfiya nke steeti na 2012 na Shuhrat Medal na 2017. O bipụtara nchịkọta abụ abụọ "Men yoshlikman" (2011) na "Yulduzrang qoʻshiqq" (2014). == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Mehrinoz Abbasova na Julaị 23, afọ 1995, n’ógbè Chortoq dị na mpaghara Namangan, n’ala Uzbekistan. Ọ bụ nwata kacha nta n’ime ụmụnne atọ. Ọ na-enye nna ya, Nosirjon Dehqonov, ugwu dịka onye nkuzi ya mbụ: <ref name="Oyina220429">{{Cite web|url=https://oyina.uz/uz/article/782|title=Nonsiz qolsada "kontrakt" to‘lagan, loy ko‘chada qizini yelkasida ko‘tarib katta qilgan – otalar haqida to‘rt ta’sirli hikoya|work=Oyina.uz|accessdate=April 24, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050031/https://oyina.uz/uz/article/782}}</ref>   Abbosova nọọrọ nwaanyị ya n’obodo Chortoq na Namangan. Na afọ 2002, ọ malitere ịmụ akwụkwọ na sekọndrị ụlọ akwụkwọ ọnụ ọgụgụ 45. Mgbe ezinụlọ ha kwagara Namangan na afọ 2004, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọnụ ọgụgụ 57 site na 2004 ruo 2007, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ pụrụ iche ọnụ ọgụgụ 57 site na 2007 ruo 2011. O mechara gakwuru lyceum ọnụ ọgụgụ 2 nke dị n'okpuru Mahadum Steeti Namangan. Ọ malitere ịmụ Bekee mgbe ọ nọ na klaasị nke anọ. N’ụlọ akwụkwọ, Abbosova sonyere na klọb egwuregwu gymnastiks na egwu, ma mụta ka esi egwú piano. Ọ kụziri ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu.<ref name="Oyina220429" /> Na mbụ, ọ chọpụtara inụzụ ihe n’Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ Tashkent ka ọ bụrụ dọkịta.<ref name="Uzinform">{{Cite web|url=https://www.uzinform.com/ru/news/20120401/12290.html|title=В Намангане вышла первая книга юной поэтессы|work=Uzinform.com|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050015/https://www.uzinform.com/ru/news/20120401/12290.html}}</ref> Site n’ịhụnanya ya n’egwú edemede mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata, o zutere ụfọdụ ndị odeakwụkwọ si Namangan, gụnyere [[Ziyaviddin Mansur]] na [[Gulomjon Akbarov]].<ref name="Uzinform" /> Na afọ 2012, ọ meriri Nrite Steeti Zulfiya n’ọhịa edemede. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya Men yoshlikman (2011) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://n.ziyouz.com/books/uzbek_zamonaviy_sheriyati/Mehrinoz%20Abbosova.%20Men%20yoshlikman.pdf?ysclid=l5m9jnmkbf21480905|title=M. Abbosova. Men yoshlikman|work=Ziyouz.com|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108044911/https://n.ziyouz.com/books/uzbek_zamonaviy_sheriyati/Mehrinoz%20Abbosova.%20Men%20yoshlikman.pdf?ysclid=l5m9jnmkbf21480905}}</ref> na Yulduzrang qoʻqqqqur (2014) E bipụtara ha n’ọrụ nkwado Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndị Odeakwụkwọ nke Uzbekistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ziyouz.uz/ozbek-sheriyati/ozbek-zamonaviy-sheriyati/mehrinoz-abbosova-1995/?ysclid=l5kvf88yfs354623156|title=Mehrinoz Abbosova (1995)|work=Ziyouz.uz|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051545/https://ziyouz.uz/ozbek-sheriyati/ozbek-zamonaviy-sheriyati/mehrinoz-abbosova-1995/?ysclid=l5kvf88yfs354623156}}</ref> Na afọ 2014, Abbosova batara ngalaba mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nke Mahadum Ụwa Maka Asụsụ nke Uzbekistan. Na afọ 2017, o kwuru okwu na ogbako nke anọ nke Mgbasa Ọrụ Ndị Ntorobịa Kamalot. Nke a dọtara uche Onye isi ala Mirziyoyev, bụ́ onye họpụtara Abbosova ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ a kpọrọ Republican Council of Young Artists, mgbe ọ ka bụ nwataakwụkwọ.<ref name="Kun170719">{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/07/19/zulfia-mukofoti-soibi-bulgan-talaba-uusmaga-rais-buldi?ysclid=l5kufb4knn435934208|title=Prezident Zulfiya mukofoti sohibasini uyushmaga rais etib tayinladi|work=Kun.uz|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108045148/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/07/19/zulfia-mukofoti-soibi-bulgan-talaba-uusmaga-rais-buldi?ysclid=l5kufb4knn435934208}}</ref> Na afọ 2017, e nyere ya ọla nrite a kpọrọ ‘Medal of Fame’.<ref name="Kun170826">{{Cite web|url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/08/26/mirzieev-farmoni-bilan-bir-guru-eslar-mukofotlandi|title=Mirziyoyev farmoni bilan bir guruh yoshlar mukofotlandi|work=Kun.uz|accessdate=2022-07-22|archivedate=2022-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108045943/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/08/26/mirzieev-farmoni-bilan-bir-guru-eslar-mukofotlandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daryo.uz/2017/08/26/shavkat-mirziyoyev-ozbekiston-taraqqiyotiga-munosib-hissa-qoshib-kelayotgan-yosh-avlod-vakillarini-mukofotladi/|title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev O‘zbekiston taraqqiyotiga munosib hissa qo‘shib kelayotgan yosh avlod vakillarini mukofotladi|work=Daryo.uz|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108045144/https://daryo.uz/2017/08/26/shavkat-mirziyoyev-ozbekiston-taraqqiyotiga-munosib-hissa-qoshib-kelayotgan-yosh-avlod-vakillarini-mukofotladi/}}</ref> Site na afọ 2018 ruo 2020, ọ gụsịrị ọmụmụ digrii master na Ụlọ Ọmụmụ Edemede Elu nke Mahadum Alisher Navoi Tashkent maka Asụsụ na Edemede Uzbek. Na afọ 2018, ọ sonyeere n’Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndị Odeakwụkwọ nke Uzbekistan. Kemgbe Febụwarị 11, 2022, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nye onye isi Agensị Maka Ihe Ntorobịa nke Republic Uzbekistan gbasara okwu asụsụ steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yoshlar.gov.uz/uz/about-leaders/abbosova-mehrinoz-nosirjon-qizi/|title=Abbosova Mehrinoz Nosirjon qizi|work=Yoshlar.gov.uz|accessdate=2022-07-22|archivedate=2022-11-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108045948/https://yoshlar.gov.uz/uz/about-leaders/abbosova-mehrinoz-nosirjon-qizi/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/4007|title=Mehrinoz Abbosova Yoshlar ishlari agentligi rahbarining maslahatchisi etib tayinlandi|work=Oyina.uz|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108045954/https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/4007}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:WikiStipendiya_Press_Conference.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ maka WikiStipendiya]] QAbbasova enyela aka n’ịhazigharị na imezu ọtụtụ ọrụ ukwu na Agensị Maka Ihe Ntorobịa nke Republic Uzbekistan, karịsịa na mmaraton [[WikiStipendiya]]. Na June 2022, Onye isi ala Mirziyoyev kwuru okwu na mmemme e mere maka Ụbọchị Ntorobịa, wee sị: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xabar.uz/uz/texnologiya/internetda-ozbek-milliy-kontentini-rivojlantiri|title=Internetda o‘zbek milliy kontentini rivojlantirish dasturi amalga oshiriladi|work=Xabar.uz|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=September 28, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928132627/https://www.xabar.uz/uz/texnologiya/internetda-ozbek-milliy-kontentini-rivojlantiri}}</ref><ref name="Oyina220701">{{Cite web|url=https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/7763|title=Vikipediyada oʻzbek tilidagi maqolalarni koʻpaytirishga 10 mlrd soʻm ajratildi|work=Oyina.uz|accessdate=2022-07-22|archivedate=2022-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928114242/https://oyina.uz/uz/posts/7763}}</ref>   Abụ ndị Mehrinoz Abbasova kọọrọ n’asụsụ Turkey wee bipụta ha na Akụkọ Ọgụgụ Gerçek Fethiye. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gazetesi|first=Gerçek Fethiye|date=2023-09-14|title=MEHRİNOZ ABBASOVA- ÖZBEKİSTAN - Coşkun Karabulut / Kültür Sanat|url=https://www.gercekfethiye.com/yazi/coskun-karabulut/mehrinoz-abbasova-ozbekistan/3855/|accessdate=2023-11-13|work=www.gercekfethiye.com|language=tr-TR}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ == Abbosova lụrụ di ya, [[Xushnud Xudoyberdiyev]], bụ onye mgbasa ozi na onye iwu nke Uzbekistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malumot.ru/xudoyberdiyev-xushnud-g%CA%BBayratovich-haqida/?ysclid=l5m5n2y3ta264424598|title=Xudoyberdiyev Xushnud Gʻayratovich haqida|work=Malumot.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050035/https://malumot.ru/xudoyberdiyev-xushnud-g%CA%BBayratovich-haqida/?ysclid=l5m5n2y3ta264424598}}</ref> Ha nwere otu nwa nwoke, Mustafo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kh-davron.uz/kutubxona/uzbek/mehrinoz-abbosova-yangi-sherlar.html|title=Mehrinoz Abbosova. Yangi she’rlar|work=Kh-davron.uz|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archivedate=November 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050010/https://kh-davron.uz/kutubxona/uzbek/mehrinoz-abbosova-yangi-sherlar.html}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [[Instagram]].com/mehrinoz_abbosova/" id="mwATA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mehrinoz Abbosova na Instagram * [https://t.me/mehrnoz_abbos Mehrinoz Abbosova] na Telegram [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b6jdwklbg5j4p6w2h5lys1rqv595smh 0 71702 688109 541090 2026-07-14T21:31:09Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Malite n'ọnwa Eprel 2025, <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 29, 2025|title=Heavy rains in Nigeria kill at least 21|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/heavy-rains-nigeria-kill-least-21-2025-05-29/|accessdate=May 30, 2025|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Naịjirịa nwere ọtụtụ idei mmiri nke kpatara mmebi ihe onwunwe, ọnwụ, mmerụ ahụ na ịkwaga. Idei mmiri kachasị gbuo mmadụ ruo ugbu a bụ idei mmiri Mokwa nke 2025 na Mee nke gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 500.<ref name="Radio Now 95.3fm">{{Cite news|date=July 2, 2025|title=Niger Lawmakers Say Over 600 Missing Feared Dead in Mokwa Flood|url=https://thisisradionow.com/niger-lawmakers-say-over-600-missing-feared-dead-in-mokwa-flood/|accessdate=July 8, 2025|publisher=Radio Now 95.3fm}}</ref> O pekara na '''Ndị Naịjịria dịkarịa ala nde iri na ise (15 million)''' nọ n’ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke idei mmiri, ma gọọmenti etiti adọla aka ná ntị na a tụrụ anya na idei mmiri ga-emetụ '''steeti iri atọ (30) n’ime steeti iri atọ na isii (36)''', nke ga-etinye ihe karịrị '''obodo 1,200''' n’ihe ize ndụ dị elu. Steeti ndị nọ n’ihe ize ndụ dị elu gụnyere: '''Steeti Abia, Steeti Adamawa, Steeti Akwa Ibom, Steeti Anambra, Steeti Bauchi, Steeti Bayelsa, Steeti Benue, Steeti Borno, Steeti Cross River, Steeti Delta, Steeti Ebonyi, Steeti Edo, Steeti Gombe, Steeti Imo, Steeti Jigawa, Steeti Kebbi, Steeti Kogi, Steeti Kwara, Steeti Lagos, Steeti Nasarawa, Steeti Niger, Steeti Ogun, Steeti Ondo, Steeti Osun, Steeti Oyo, Steeti Rivers, Steeti Sokoto, Steeti Taraba, Steeti Yobe na Steeti Zamfara.''' Na mgbakwunye, a tụrụ anya na '''obodo 2,187''' n’ime '''Local Government Areas 293''' n’ofe '''steeti 31''' na '''Federal Capital Territory (FCT)''' ga-eche ihu '''ihe ize ndụ idei mmiri dị n’etiti (moderate flood risk)'''. <ref name="Down to Earth">{{Cite web|date=April 14, 2025|title=Nigeria: Africa's most populous nation adopts community-based flood forecasting in 2025 outlook|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/africa/nigeria-africas-most-populous-nation-adopts-community-based-flood-forecasting-in-2025-outlook|accessdate=May 30, 2025|publisher=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 30, 2025|title=15 Million Nigerians At High Risk Of Floods In 2025 – Shettima|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/04/16/15-million-nigerians-at-high-risk-of-floods-in-2025-shettima/|accessdate=May 30, 2025|publisher=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> == GIhe Ndị Na-akpata ya == .Ihe kpatara idei mmiri na Naịjịria gụnyere ịhapụ mmiri site na '''dàmụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Jebba (Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station)''', nke kpatara opekempe idei mmiri isii, ma otu n’ime ha gburu ihe dịkarịa ala '''mmadu iri na atọ (13)'''. '''Mmiri ozuzo siri ike''', '''usoro nsọpụ mmiri na-adịghị mma''', na '''akụrụngwa na-adịghị ike''' ka a na-atụ anya na ha ga-eme ka idei mmiri mberede na idei mmiri n’obodo ukwu ka njọ, karịchaa n’obodo dị ka '''Lagos'''.<ref name="The Watchers News" /><ref name="Down to Earth" /> == Idei mmiri site n'ebe == === Steeti Niger === N’ụbọchị '''28 Mee''', idei mmiri mere na '''Mokwa''' mgbe '''mmiri ozuzo siri ike''' gasịrị na '''mmebi nke dámù dị nso''', nke mere ka '''opekempe mmadụ 500 nwụọ''', mee ka '''karịchaa mmadụ 600 furu efu ma a na-atụ anya na ha nwụrụ''', mee ka '''mmadụ 121 merụọ ahụ''', ma metụ '''puku mmadụ''' aka, gụnyere '''ihe karịrị mmadụ 4,000''' ndị ghọrọ '''ndị kwagara n’ebe obibi ha'''. <ref name="Radio Now 95.3fm" /> <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 31, 2025|title=Nigeria floods death toll crosses 150 as thousands displaced|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/31/nigeria-floods-death-toll-crosses-150-as-thousands-displaced|accessdate=May 31, 2025|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title='We don record more dan 100 deaths and ova 800 pipo still dey miss' - Niger flood survivors tok wetin dia eye see|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cvg5xdj8g80o|date=30 May 2025|accessdate=30 May 2025|publisher=[[BBC News]]|language=pcm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 31, 2025|title=Niger flood of fury: Over 100 dead, 75 buried, 100 missing|url=https://punchng.com/niger-flood-of-fury-over-100-dead-75-buried-100-missing/|accessdate=May 31, 2025|publisher=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na Mokwa, idei mmiri n'ọnwa Eprel nke mmiri si na mmiri Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri na atọ, gụnyere mmadụ atọ nọ n'Ụgbọ mmiri nke Dam n'osimiri jupụtara na mmiri, ma bibie Ubi osikapa. Idei mmiri ahụ metụtara ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ ugbo 5,000 n'oge ọkọchị gafee Niger State na Kwara State, na-emetụta ihe karịrị 10,000 hectare (25,000 acres) nke ugbo paddy na Mokwa naanị na atụmatụ mfu akụ na ụba na ọtụtụ ijeri naira. Ndị ọrụ ugbo si Kebbi State, Sokoto State, Katsina State na Kano State nwekwara mmetụta. Akụkọ na-egosi na ọdachi ahụ chụpụrụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 6,400, bibiri ụlọ akwụkwọ 45, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike 44, ma mee ka àkwà mmiri Eppa daa, na-egbochi obodo enyemaka ngwa ngwa. Idei mmiri ahụ bụ nke isii nke mmiri si n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ wepụta kpatara.<ref name="The Watchers News">{{Cite web|date=April 22, 2025|title=Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states|url=https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/|accessdate=May 30, 2025|publisher=The Watchers News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/ "Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states"]. The Watchers News. 22 April 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> === Steeti Osimiri === N'ọnwa Mee, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo kpatara idei mmiri na mbuze nke kpuchiri ụlọ ma kpochapụ ndị mmadụ n'obodo Okrika, na-egbu ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ na ise. Ọrụ nnapụta na-aga n'ihu ịnweta ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ka siri ike n'ihi okporo ụzọ mebiri emebi na oke mmiri. A ka na-ewepụ ozu ndị ọzọ na ihe mkpofu ka ọ na-erule 30 Mee . [melite]<ref name="Rivers State flooding">{{Cite news|date=May 30, 2025|title=Torrential rains kill 25 in southern Nigeria, rescue efforts ongoing|url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/05/30/torrential-rains-kill-25-in-southern-nigeria-rescue-efforts-ongoing/|accessdate=May 30, 2025|publisher=[[Africanews]]}}</ref> [[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2025]] [[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]] === Steeti Kwara === N'ọnwa Eprel, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri na atọ nwụrụ na Kwara Steeti na Mokwa na Niger Steeti, gụnyere mmadụ atọ nọ n'[[Dam]]-linkid="114" href="./Canoe" id="mweA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Canoe">Ụgbọ mmiri nke dara n'osimiri idei mmiri, Ubi osikapa mebiri mgbe idei mmiri kpatara site na mmiri a na-ahapụ site na Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station na Eprel 16 metụtara obodo 30. Idei mmiri ahụ metụtara ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ ugbo 5,000 n'oge ọkọchị gafee Niger State na Kwara State, na-emetụta ihe karịrị 10,000 hectare (25,000 acres) nke ugbo paddy na Mokwa naanị na atụmatụ mfu akụ na ụba na ọtụtụ ijeri naira. Ndị ọrụ ugbo si Kebbi State, Sokoto State, Katsina State na Kano State nwekwara mmetụta. Akụkọ na-egosi na ọdachi ahụ chụpụrụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 6,400, bibiri ụlọ akwụkwọ 45, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike 44, ma mee ka àkwà mmiri Eppa daa, na-egbochi obodo enyemaka ngwa ngwa. Idei mmiri ahụ bụ nke isii nke mmiri si n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ wepụta kpatara.<ref name="The Watchers News">{{Cite web|date=April 22, 2025|title=Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states|url=https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/|accessdate=May 30, 2025|publisher=The Watchers News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/ "Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states"]. The Watchers News. 22 April 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> === Steeti Borno === N'ọnwa Septemba, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na [[maiduguri]] mere ka idei mmiri na mmebi nke ndụ na ihe onwunwe na isi obodo [[Ȯra Borno|Borno]] steeti. Idei mmiri nke na-eduga na ọnwụ nke ndụ na ọdịda nke ihe mgbochi mmiri na steeti ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-09-11|title=Alau dam collapse in Nigeria: Broken promises and stolen futures in Maiduguri|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1kwepevkzxo|accessdate=2025-10-05|work=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Adamawa === Na '''Julaị''', '''opekempe mmadụ 23''' nwụrụ n’isi obodo steeti '''Adamawa''', '''Yola''', n’ihi '''mmiri ozuzo siri ike''' nke kpatara '''idei mmiri''', ma metụta '''ndụ mmadụ na ihe onwunwe''' ọtụtụ na isi obodo steeti ahụ. '''Ọtụtụ mmadụ ghọrọ ndị kwagara n’ebe obibi ha.'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-28|title=Adamawa flood: How goment fit stop effect of flood for Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c62nr3gvkmlo|accessdate=2025-10-05|work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> === Steeti Ondo === Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo metụtara ndị bi na Ese odo, Okiti pupa na steeti ondo na July 2025. Mmiri ozuzo nke na-eduga na idei mmiri ma bibie àkwà mmiri, ihe onwunwe ma mee ka ọtụtụ ndị ghara inwe ebe obibi na steeti ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dada|first=Peter|date=2025-07-07|title=Residents count losses as flood submerges bridges, buildings in Ondo|url=https://punchng.com/residents-count-losses-as-flood-submerges-bridges-buildings-in-ondo/|accessdate=2025-10-05|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> === Steeti Osun === Ndị bi na '''Iwo Local Government''' na '''Steeti Osun''' gụrụ mfu ha ka '''mmiri ozuzo siri ike''' kpatara '''idei mmiri''' bibiri ma mee ka '''ọtụtụ ezinaụlọ ghọọ ndị kwagara n’ebe obibi ha''' n’ime steeti ahụ. .[https://www.osun.life/2025/09/13/flood-hits-osun-community-after-heavy-rain/] == Hụkwa == * [[2024 Nigeria floods|Idei mmiri nke Naijiria na 2024]] * Idei mmiri nke steeti Borno * [[2024 idei mmiri Lekki|Idei mmiri nke 2024 na Lekki]] * Iju Mmiri nke Mokwa na 2025 == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{2025 floods}} <references /> [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9oa1j9rvf8i46xuyws4euxsnm66xpsh 0 72664 688199 644376 2026-07-15T06:59:36Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ella Shohat on Cinema Then, Cinema Now (1989).jpg|thumb|Ella Shohat na 1989]]   '''Ella Habiba Shohat''' bụ prọfesọ America nke ọmụmụ ọdịbendị <ref>{{Cite web|author=Boatca|first=Manuela|title=Bodies and Borders: An Interview with Ella Shohat|url=https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/29824|work=Jadaliyya|publisher=Jadaliyya|accessdate=12 February 2026}}</ref> na Mahadum New York . <ref name=":0" /> O dere ma kụzie ihe gbasara Eurocentrism, orientalism, post-colonialism, trans-nationalism, diasporic cultures, na Iraqi-Jewish culture.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Shohat|first=Ella|title=Remainders Revisited: An Exilic Journey from Hakham Sasson Khdhuri to Joseph Sassoon Semah|date=2020|publisher=Stichting Metropool Internationale Kunstprojecten|location=Amsterdam|url=http://www.josephsemah.nl/onfriendshipIII.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Shohat|first=Ella|title=Lost Homelands, Imaginary Returns The Exilic Literature of Iranian and Iraqi Jews|date=6 December 2016|pages=20–58|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479883844.003.0006/pdf|publisher=NYU press, 2016|doi=10.18574/nyu/9781479883844.003.0006|isbn=978-1-4798-8384-4}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == === Aha ndị Arab na ndị Juu === Nne na nna Shohat bụ Ndị Juu Iraq bụ ndị a chụpụrụ gaa Israel n'afọ ndị 1950 wee kwaga United States. <ref name="Remembering-785">{{Cite journal|first=Ella|author=Shohat|title=Remembering a Baghdad Elsewhere: An emotional cartography|journal=Biography|volume=37|issue=3|year=2014|doi=10.1353/bio.2014.0034}}</ref> Ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka "Arab-Jew" n'ihe gbasara njirimara ya (lee Mizrahi Jews). <ref name="Remembering-785" /> Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide Shohat na-ekwu maka njirimara Arab-Jewish n'ime esemokwu Arab-Israel. Ọ kọwara oge ọ bụ nwata n'Izrel n'afọ ndị 1960 dị ka oge a na-akpọbata ụmụaka maka imepụta njirimara ọhụrụ nke ga-emegide Iraqiness, Arabness na Middle East nke nne na nna anyị. "<ref name="Remembering-786">{{Cite journal|first=Ella|author=Shohat|title=Remembering a Baghdad Elsewhere: An emotional cartography|journal=Biography|volume=37|issue=3|year=2014|doi=10.1353/bio.2014.0034}}</ref> Nne na nna ya ochie amụtaghị Hibru na nne na nna ya kwara arịrị otú "na Iraq [...] anyị bụ ndị Juu. Na Israel, anyị bụ ndị Arab".<ref name="Remembering-786" /> A gwara nna ya na ndị enyi ya ka ha kwụsị ikwu Arabic n'ebe ọrụ ma Shohat n'onwe ya na-echeta ozi yiri nke a na-agwa ụmụaka n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="Remembering-786" /> Ọ kọwara onwe ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ dị ka "ndị na-amaghị ama nke ndị isi mgbaka [...] [onye] a tụrụ anya ka ha hichapụ [...] ihe gara aga gafee ókèala ndị a kpọghachiri Baghdads, Cairos ma ọ bụ Rabats nke ụlọ anyị na agbata obi anyị".[who][and]<ref name="Remembering-786" /> Shohat chere na usoro a bụ akụkụ nke "ịdọ aka ná ntị, idozi, ime ka ọ dị mma" iji mee ka ha bụrụ "ndị Israel dị mpako".<ref name="Remembering-786" /> == Ihe odide na nnabata == N'ime nyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ Biography, prọfesọ onye Juu nke Ijipt bụ́ Joyce Zonana kọwara akwụkwọ Shohat bụ́ On the Arab Jew, Palestine and Other Displacements dị ka "ọrụ miri emi" na "ntinye aka ọhụụ na ọmụmụ omenala (ọtụtụ)" nke na-enye "ụzọ ọhụrụ bara uru nke iche echiche banyere njirimara, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na omenala na Middle East na karịa.".<ref name="Biog-review" /> Zonana jiri Shohat tụnyere Edward Said na Frantz Fanon, bụ ndị ọ kpọrọ aha dị ka naanị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ "nnyocha ọdịbendị / ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ndụ ha" n'ụzọ doro anya na nke na-arụpụta ihe n'ụzọ ọrụ Shohat.<ref name="Biog-review" /> Zonana gara n'ihu kwuo na Shohat "kwanyere" Said na Fanon ùgwù site na nchịkọta ihe odide a.<ref name="Biog-review" /> A kọwara edemede "Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims" na "Dislocated Identities: Reflections of an Arab Jew" dị ka "canonical" na "breaking".<ref name="Biog-review" /> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Mashriq & Mahjar'' toro On the Arab Jew, Palestine and Other Displacements. <ref name="Mashriq-review">{{Cite journal|first=Kelly|author=Jennifer Lynn|title=ELLA SHOHAT, On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements: Selected Writings (London: Pluto Press, 2017). 464 pages. $115.00 cloth, $28.00 paper, $28.00 e-book. ISBN 9780745399508.|journal=Mashriq & Mahjar|volume=6|issue=2|year=2019|doi=10.24847/66i2019.233}}</ref> Na nyocha ahụ, Prọfesọ Jennifer L. Kelly kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "agụ akwụkwọ achọrọ maka ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ nke ọmụmụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ọmụmụ ihe ndị na-achị ala, na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị". <ref name="Mashriq-review" /> Kelly kwuru na Shohat "na-akọwapụta ihe yiri nke dị n'etiti ndị Arab-Juu ndị a chụpụrụ na ndị Palestine a chụpụrụ na ntọala nke mba Israel na 1948" iji "tụ aka n'ọtụtụ ime ihe ike ndị na-akpali ndụ n'ihi ọrụ na ndọrọ n'agha.".<ref name="Mashriq-review" /> Ọkà mmụta akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye na-akwado ikike agha nke Israel bụ Ilan Pappe kpọrọ Shohat otu n'ime otu ndị ọkà mmụta a ma ama, yana Sami Shalom Chetrit, ndị "mere ọtụtụ ihe iji kpughee" "usoro nke iwepụ Arabization" nke Mizrahim tinyere mgbe ọ bịarutere na steeti ọhụrụ nke Israel.. <ref>{{Cite book|first=Ilan|author=Pappe|title=[[The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine]]|year=2006|publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]]|location=London|edition=Paperback}}</ref> On the Arab Jew, Palestine and Other Displacements bụ onye mmeri nke Middle East Monitor Palestine Book Award 2017 maka Memoir. <ref name="Biog-review">{{Cite journal|first=Zonana|author=Joyce|title=Review of ''On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements: Selected Writings'', by Ella Shohat|journal=[[Biography (journal)|Biography]]|volume=42|issue=2|year=2019|pages=455–459|doi=10.1353/bio.2019.0052}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements|url=https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745399492/on-the-arab-jew-palestine-and-other-displacements/}}</ref> Ella Shohat's work has been translated into many languages including Arabic, Hebrew, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Polish, Turkish, Italian and Japanese.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Shohat|first=Ella|title=On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements|publisher=[[Pluto Press]]|year=2017|isbn=978-0-7453-9949-2|edition=Paperback|location=London|pages=464}}</ref> == Publications == === Books === * ''Colonialité et Ruptures: Écrits sur les figures juives arabes'', Essays selected and introduced by Joelle Marelli & Tal Dor, and translated into French by Marelli, Lux Éditeur, Canada, 2021. * ''On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements: Selected Writings of Ella Shohat.'' London, Pluto Press, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/O/bo26304220.html|title=On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements: Selected Writings of Ella Shohat, Shohat|work=www.press.uchicago.edu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519170930/http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/O/bo26304220.html|archivedate=2017-05-19}}</ref> * ''Between the Middle East and the Americas: The Cultural Politics of Diaspora'' (coedited with E. Alsultany), The University of Michigan Press, 2013. Honorable Mention in the Non-Fiction category for the Arab American Book Award, Arab American National Museum.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.press.umich.edu/143813/between_the_middle_east_and_the_americas|title=Between the Middle East and the Americas}}</ref> * ''Race in Translation: Culture Wars around the Postcolonial Atlantic'' (coauthored with R. Stam), New York University Press, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nyupress.org/books/9780814798379/|title=Race in Translation}}</ref> * ''Flagging Patriotism: Crises of Narcissism and Anti-Americanism'' (co-authored with Robert Stam).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.routledge.com/Flagging-Patriotism-Crises-of-Narcissism-and-Anti-Americanism/Shohat-Stam/p/book/9780415979221|title=Flagging Patriotism: Crises of Narcissism and Anti-Americanism}}</ref> * ''Le sionisme du point de vue de ses victimes juives: les juifs orientaux en Israel'' (first published in 1988, with a new introduction, Paris; La Fabrique Editions, 2006). * ''Taboo Memories, Diasporic Voices'' (Duke University Press, 2006). * ''Multiculturalism, Postcoloniality and Transnational Media'' (coedited, Rutgers University Press, 2003).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/multiculturalism-postcoloniality-and-transnational-media/9780813532356|title=Book Details}}</ref> * ''Zikhronot Asurim'' (Hebrew, Forbidden Reminiscences, Bimat Kedem LeSifrut with the Alternative Information Center, 2001).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zikhronot Asurim (Hebrew, Forbidden Reminiscences), Bimat Kedem LeSifrut with the Alternative Information Center, pages 1-410 (Hebrew), 2001 (Digital Publication, el Ray Agency and Booxilla, 2017)|date=January 2001|url=https://www.academia.edu/34657907}}</ref> * ''Talking Visions: Multicultural Feminism in a Transnational Age''. (MIT & The New Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/talking-visions|title=Talking Visions &#124; the MIT Press|series=Documentary Sources in Contemporary Art|date=6 July 1999|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262194266}}</ref> * ''Dangerous Liaisons: Gender, Nation, and Postcolonial Perspectives'' (Co-edited with [[Anne McClintock|McClintock, Anne]] & Amir Mufti), University of Minnesota Press, 1997. * ''Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media'' (coauthored with Robert Stam, 1994), 20th Anniversary 2nd Edition, with a new Afterward Chapter, "Thinking about Unthinking: Twenty Years After" (1-73 pages) London: Routledge, 2014. Katherine Kovacs Singer Best Film Book Award for 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.routledge.com/Unthinking-Eurocentrism-Multiculturalism-and-the-Media-2nd-Edition/Shohat-Stam/p/book/9780415538619|title=Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media}}</ref> * ''Israeli Cinema: East/West and the Politics of Representation'' (University of Texas Press, 1989), 20th Anniversary Edition with a New Postscript Chapter, London, I.B. Tauris, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Society%20%20social%20sciences/Politics%20%20government/Israeli%20Cinema%20East%20%20West%20and%20the%20Politics%20of%20Representation.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325215129/http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Society%20%20social%20sciences/Politics%20%20government/Israeli%20Cinema%20East%20%20West%20and%20the%20Politics%20of%20Representation.aspx|archivedate=2012-03-25|title=Israeli Cinema: East / West and the Politics of Representation|date=2012-03-25|accessdate=2020-01-09}}</ref> === Articles === * "Disorienting Cleopatra: A Modern Trope of Identity" in ''The Black in the Mediterranean Blue: The Anniversary Issue'', ''Transition'', Number 132, 2021, pages 148-169. * "The Invention of Judeo-Arabic", Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, Routledge, Volume 19, Issue 2, 2017, pages 153–200. * "Lost Homelands, Imaginary Returns: The Exilic Literature of Iranian and Iraqi Jews", in ''Moments of Silence: Authenticity in the Cultural Expressions of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)'', Arta Khakpour, Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami & Shouleh Vatanabadi, eds. New York University Press, 2016, pages 20–58.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/34732765|title="Lost Homelands, Imaginary Returns: The Exilic Literature of Iranian and Iraqi Jews" in Moments of Silence: Authenticity in the Cultural Expressions of the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988, Arta Khakpour, Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami and Shouleh Vatanabadim, eds., New York, New York University Press, 2016, pages 20-58.|journal=Moments of Silence: Authenticity in the Cultural Expressions of the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988|author=Shohat|first=Ella|date=January 2016}}</ref> * "The Question of Judeo-Arabic(s): Itineraries of Belonging", in ''Languages of Modern Jewish Cultures: Comparative Perspectives'', Joshua Miller and Anita Norich, eds. University of Michigan Press, 2016, pages 94–149. * "The Specter of the Blackamoor: Figuring Africa and the Orient", in ''Re-Significations: European Blackamoors, Africana Reading'', edited by Awam Amkpa. Rome: Postcart SRL, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/34729161|title="The Specter of the Blackamoor: Figuring Africa and the Orient" in Re-Significations: European Blackamoors, Africana Reading, Awam Amkpa, ed., Rome: Postcart SRL, 2016, pages 95-115|author=Shohat|first=Ella|date=January 2016}}</ref> * "A Voyage to Toledo: 25 Years After the 'Jews of the Orient and Palestinians' Meetin", ''Jadaliyya'', September 30, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/31283|title=A Voyage to Toledo: Twenty-Five Years After the 'Jews of the Orient and Palestinians' Meeting|author=جدلية|first=Jadaliyya-|work=Jadaliyya - جدلية|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-09}}</ref> * "The Question of Judeo-Arabic" Opening Essay, ''[[Arab Studies Journal]]'', 23:1 (Fall 2015), pages 14-76. * "Remembering a Baghdad Elsewhere: An Emotional Cartography", ''Biography'', 37:3 (Summer 2014), pages 784-790 * "The Sephardi-Moorish Atlantic: Between Orientalism and Occidentalism", in ''Between the Middle East and the Americas: The Cultural Politics of Diaspora'', edited by Ella Habiba Shohat and Evelyn Azeeza Alsultany. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/34729190|title="The Sephardi-Moorish Atlantic: Between Orientalism and Occidentalism" in Between the Middle East and the Americas: The Cultural Politics of Diaspora, Ella Habiba Shohat, Evelyn Azeeza Alsultany, eds., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013, pages 42-62.|author=Shohat|first=Ella|date=January 2013}}</ref> * "Transnationalizing Comparison: The Uses and Abuses of Cross-Cultural Analogy" (with R. Stam), Special focus, "Comparison," ''New Literary History'', 40: 3 (Summer 2009), pages 473-499. * "The ‘Postcolonial’ in Translation: Reading Said in Hebrew" (a special issue on Edward Said, edited by Rashid Khalidi,) ''Journal of Palestine Studies'', XXXIII, number 3 (Spring 2004), pages 55-75. * "The Shaping of Mizrahi Studies: A Relational Approach", ''Israel Studies Forum'', Volume 17, Number 2, (Spring 2002): pages 86-93.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Shaping of Mizrahi Studies: A Relational Approach|author=Ella Shohat|journal=Israel Studies Forum|year=2002|volume=17|pages=86–93|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41804897}}</ref> * "Notes on the" Post-Colonial", ''Social Text'' 31/32 (1992): pages 99-113. * "Rethinking Jews and Muslims: Quincentennial Reflections", ''Middle East Report'', number 178 (1992): pages 25-29.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Rethinking Jews and Muslims: Quincentennial Reflections|author=Ella Shohat|journal=Middle East Report|year=1992|volume=178|issue=178|pages=25–29|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012984|doi=10.2307/3012984}}</ref> * "Dislocated Identities: Reflections of an Arab Jew", Movement Research: Performance Journal # 5 (Fall Winter, 1992). Segments from Ella Shohat's essay are included in Elia Suleiman's New York-based film Homage by Assassination (1992).<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/11961837|title="Dislocated Identities: Reflections of an Arab-Jew," (Published simultaneously in Emergences) Movement Research 5 (Fall 1991/Winter 1992), page 8|journal=Movement Research: Performance Journal|author=Shohat|first=Ella|date=January 1992}}</ref> * "Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the standpoint of its Jewish victims", ''Social Text'', 19/20 (1988): pages 1-35.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims|author=Ella Shohat|journal=Social Text|year=1988|volume=Autumn 1988|pages=1–35|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/466176|doi=10.2307/466176}}</ref> === Mbipụta pụrụ iche edepụtara === * "Edward Said: A Memorial Issue" (nke ya na Patrick Deer na Gyan Prakash jikọrọ aka), Social Text 87 (Summer 2006) peeji nke 1-144. * ''"Nrụrụ aka na Corporate Culture"'' (nke ya na Randy Martin jikọrọ aka), Social Text 77 (Winter 2003) peeji nke 1-153 * "Palestine in a Transnational Context" (nke ya na Timothy Mitchell & Gyan Prakash jikọrọ aka dee), Social Text 75 (Summer 2003) peeji nke 1-162 * "911-A Public Emergency?" (nke ya na Brent Edwards, Stefano Harney, Randy Martin, Timothy Mitchell, Fred Moten jikọrọ aka dee), Social Text 72 (Fall 2002), peeji nke 1-199 === Ntinye aka na ihe nkiri === * Samir, Chefuo Baghdad: ndị Juu na ndị Arab - Njikọ Iraq Switzerland 2002. Ihe omuma. (Ihe nkiri ahụ bụ onye mmeri nke Best Documentary, Swiss Film Prize; na nke Critics Week Award, Locarno International Film Festival. * Ajụjụ ọnụ maka DVD Documentaries na Rambo III, Afghanistan: Land of Crisis and Guts and Glory, nke Laura Nix mepụtara, Artisan Home Entertainment, 2002. * Commentary/Interviewee, Fresh Blood, Video Essay by b.h. Yael, Canada, 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fresh Blood|url=http://www.bhyael.ca/fresh-blood|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126181341/http://www.bhyael.ca/fresh-blood|archivedate=2021-11-26}}</ref> * Onye nyere aka na edemede na olu n'elu ọgụgụ maka ihe nkiri Elia Suleiman Homage by Assassination (28 min) 1992. Ihe nkiri Elia Suleiman gụnyere akụkụ ole na ole site na edemede Shohat, nke e dere n'oge 1990-91 Gulf War. Shohat & Suleiman degharịrị akụkụ ndị ahụ dị ka akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Ella Habiba Shohat nye enyi ya Elia Suleiman. Ka Suleiman na-anata akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, a na-anụ Shohat n'olu na-agụ site na "Reflections of an Arab-Jew. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://tisch.nyu.edu/about/directory/app/1295710755 Prọfesọ Ella Shohat], ngalaba ngalaba, Ngalaba nke Art & Public Policy, Tisch School of the Arts, Mahadum New York * https://nyu.academia.edu/EllaShohat, Academia page. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shohat, Ella}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] c1ynf1uoatj40bgr3gddff8oy014soe 0 73447 688061 673397 2026-07-14T13:01:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Wiremu Doherty (cropped).jpg|thumb|288x288px|Wiremu Doherty ]]   '''Wiremu Doherty''' bụ onye nkuzi Maori na agụmakwụkwọ nke [[New Zealand]] nke sitere na Tūhoe na Ngāti Awa. Ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke mbụ nke kaupapa Māori.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3580562|title=Te reo immersion attacked - National - NZ Herald News|publisher=Nzherald.co.nz|date=2004-07-27|accessdate=2014-05-24}}</ref> Ọ nwetara PhD na agụmakwụkwọ site na Mahadum Auckland na 2010 ma bụrụ onye prọfesọ na Te Wānanga o Awanuiārangi na onye isi oche kọmitii atụmatụ Māori maka ikike iru eru New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/5639|title=Mātauranga Tūhoe: the centrality of Mātauranga-a-iwi to Māori education|publisher=Researchspace.auckland.ac.nz|date=|accessdate=2014-05-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wananga.ac.nz/about/our-people/staff-profiles?profileID=d3921fec-be5e-e211-a075-005056b10005|title=Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi &#124; Staff Profiles|publisher=Wananga.ac.nz|date=2012-07-18|accessdate=2014-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/maori/te-rautaki-maori/nga-kaituhono/|title=Ngā Kaitūhono|publisher=NZQA|date=2013-03-06|accessdate=2014-05-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teaomaori.news/awanuiarangi-welcome-new-ceo|title=Awanuiārangi welcome new CEO|work=Māori Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12235794|title=Wiremu Doherty: Māori languish 'undeveloped' in vocational training|first=Wiremu|author=Doherty|date=2 June 2019|accessdate=12 March 2026|archivedate=22 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222114407/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12235794}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/teahikaa/audio/2018689743/dr-wiremu-doherty-on-landmarks-and-relationship-building-in-the-midst-of-conflict|title=Dr Wiremu Doherty on landmarks and relationship building in the midst of conflict.|date=5 April 2019|work=[[RNZ]]}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4q7mkjmw3hrjk7oba1s8i3jp43yj5dy 0 74543 688103 628984 2026-07-14T19:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ciclismo_en_Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|Ịgba ígwè na Amsterdam]] [[Faịlụ:Beijingbicylists.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na Beijing]] [[Faịlụ:Guntur_Mango.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mangoes maka ire ere n'elu ịnyịnya ígwè na Guntur, India]] Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na-agụnye ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè ọ bụla a na-eme naanị dị ka ụzọ njem kama ịbụ egwuregwu ma ọ bụ ihe ntụrụndụ. Ọ bụ ụdị ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè mbụ na nke a na-ahụkarị n'ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Herlihy|first=David|authorlink=David V. Herlihy|title=Bicycle: the History|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/2 2]|url=https://archive.org/details/bicyclehistory0000herl/page/2|isbn=0-300-10418-9}}</ref> '''Ịgagharị ịnyịnya ígwè''' bụ otu n'ime ụdị njem onwe onye dị iche iche na akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịgagharị mmadụ. == Nchịkọta == [[Faịlụ:Copenhagen_inner_city_cycle_traffic_peak_hour.svg|alt=Copenhagen inner city cycle traffic peak hour|thumb|Oge kachasị elu nke okporo ụzọ n'ime obodo Copenhagen]] Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè bara uru ma ọ bụ "njem" n'ozuzu ya na-agụnye ịga njem dị mkpirikpi na nke dị n'etiti (kilomita ole na ole, ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị 3-15 kilomita otu ụzọ, ma ọ bụ ogologo oge), mgbe mgbe n'ime obodo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọ na-agụnye ịga njem (ya bụ ịga ọrụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ mahadum), ịga ịzụ ahịa na ịrụ ọrụ, yana ịga ịhụ ndị enyi na ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ maka ọrụ mmekọrịta ndị ọzọ.  Ọ gụnyekwara ọrụ akụ na ụba dị ka nnyefe ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ. N'obodo ukwu, Onye na-eziga ịnyịnya ígwè na-abụkarị ihe a ma ama, na igwe kwụ otu ebe nwere ike ịsọ mpi na gwongworo na vans karịsịa ebe achọrọ ọtụtụ obere nnyefe, karịsịa n'ebe ndị jupụtara. Velotaxis nwekwara ike inye ọrụ Njem ọha na eze dị ka bọs na tagzi. A maara ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na-arụ ọrụ na-enwe ọtụtụ uru mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba. A tụwo aro ma tinye Iwu ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè maka ihe ndị gụnyere: ahụike ọha na eze ka mma, <ref name="rws" /> <ref name="bmj" /> ahụike onwe onye na uru ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ mbelata nke mkpọchi okporo ụzọ na [[Mmetọ ikuku]], <ref name="bmj" /> mmelite na nchekwa okporo ụzọ, <ref name="bmj">{{Cite journal|author=Ogilvie|first=David|date=2004-09-22|title=Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|volume=329|issue=7469|pages=763–0|doi=10.1136/bmj.38216.714560.55|pmid=15385407}}</ref> mma ndụ ka mma, <ref name="rws" /> mmegharị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ka mma, [4] na uru maka mmepe ụmụaka.<ref name="rws">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Cycling%20in%20the%20Netherlands%20VenW.pdf|title=Cycling in the Netherlands|publisher=[[Rijkswaterstaat]] ([[Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management]])|accessdate=26 April 2008|archivedate=6 July 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706200111/http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Cycling%20in%20the%20Netherlands%20VenW.pdf}}</ref> N'obodo [[China]] nke Beijing naanị, e nwere ihe dịka nde ịnyịnya ígwè anọ a na-eji eme ihe (e mere atụmatụ na na mbido afọ 1980 enwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ 500 na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na China). Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, e nwere ihe dịka nde ịnyịnya ígwè iri asatọ na [[Japan]], nke mejupụtara pasent iri na asaa nke njem ndị njem, na [[Netherlands]], pasent iri abụọ na asaa nke ọrụ niile bụ ịnyịnya ígwè. <ref name="rws"/><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rietveld|first=Piet|date=August 2004|title=Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?|journal=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice|volume=38|issue=7|pages=531–550|doi=10.1016/j.tra.2004.05.003|authorlink=Piet Rietveld}}</ref> A tụlere ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè   Enwere ike iji ịnya ịnyịnya ígwè tụnyere ịnya ụgbọ ala buru ibu nke ọ bụ onye na-asọ mpi ozugbo n'obodo ukwu na maka ebe dị mkpirikpi. Obodo bụ ebe a na-eme nnwale maka ụdị njem ọhụrụ dabere na ịnyịnya ígwè dị ka Ịkekọrịta ịnyịnya ígwè, Ịnyịnya ígwè eletrik na ibugharị nnukwu ngwongwo na ịnyịnya ibu ibu. Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke nkwụsịtụ na mmepe ịnyịnya ígwè gasịrị, a na-anwa imeziwanye teknụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ iji meziwanye akara gburugburu ebe obibi nke ịnyịnya ígwè ahụ.<ref name="Coelho Almeida 2015 pp. 443–451">{{Cite journal|author=Coelho|first=Margarida C.|title=Cycling Mobility – A Life Cycle Assessment Based Approach|journal=Transportation Research Procedia|volume=10|year=2015|issn=2352-1465|doi=10.1016/j.trpro.2015.09.094|pages=443–451}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a ghọtara na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè - otu ihe kachasị arụ ọrụ ma e wezụga ịga ije - bụ ụdị njem na njem kachasị mma, na mba ụfọdụ, ịgba ịnyịnya ibu ka bụ ụzọ njem maka ndị ogbenye; na ndị ọzọ, a na-ahụ ịgba ịnyịnya igwe naanị maka ebumnuche ntụrụndụ.<ref name="uba2017">{{Cite web|title=International Cycling Conference 2017|year=2017|publisher=[[Umweltbundesamt]]|url=https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1968/dokumente/170911_international_cycling_conference_2017_broschuere_final.pdf|accessdate=2026-03-28|archivedate=2025-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531203627/https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1968/dokumente/170911_international_cycling_conference_2017_broschuere_final.pdf}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ 2010 nke Kọmitii European Parliament on Transport and Tourism rịọrọ na ịgagharị ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-agụnye ikike ịga njem, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta, nke ka mkpa, ohere onye njem nwere ikpebi mgbe na ebe ọ ga-aga.<ref name="ecf">{{Cite web|url=https://ecf.com/sites/ecf.com/files/European-Parliament-2010_Promotion-of-Cycling.pdf|title=The Promotion of Cycling|publisher=ECF|year=2010|accessdate=23 August 2022|archivedate=8 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808175157/https://www.ecf.com/sites/ecf.com/files/European-Parliament-2010_Promotion-of-Cycling.pdf}}</ref> N'ihe gbasara mgbanwe na ọnụahịa a, ịnyịnya ígwè so n'etiti nhọrọ kachasị elu maka ebe dị mkpirikpi, ruo ọtụtụ kilomita. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == {{Reflist}} Mmepe nke ịnyịnya ígwè nchekwa bụ ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mgbanwe kachasị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịnyịnya ibu. Ọ gbanwere ojiji ha na nghọta ọha na eze site na ịbụ ihe egwuregwu dị ize ndụ maka ụmụ okorobịa na-eme egwuregwu ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ njem kwa ụbọchị maka ụmụ nwoke - na, nke dị mkpa, ụmụ nwanyị - nke afọ niile. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite narị afọ nke 20, ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè aghọwo ụzọ njem dị mkpa, na United States ụdị ntụrụndụ na-ewu ewu. Klọb ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị gbasara na US na mba Europe. Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè nọgidere na-adịwanye mkpa na Europe n'ime ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, mana ọ dara n'ụzọ dị egwu na United States n'etiti 1900 na 1910. Ụgbọala ghọrọ ụzọ njem kachasị mma. N'ime afọ 1920, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ were ịnyịnya ígwè dị ka ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, ka ọ na-erule afọ 1940, e mere ọtụtụ ịnyịnya ígwè na United States maka ụmụaka. N'afọ 2008, Iwu Bicycle Commuter Benefit Act ghọrọ iwu dị ka akụkụ nke ụgwọ enyemaka. Dabere na data ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị ikom bụ ndị isi na-erite uru, ebe ọ bụ na, afọ iri ka e mesịrị, ndị ikom mejupụtara ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Gene Balk|title=Seattle bike commuting hits 10-year low, census data show|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-bike-commuting-hits-10-year-low-census-data-show/|accessdate=10 January 2019|work=The Seattle Times|date=26 September 2018|quote=Also in the new census data: 78 percent of Seattle bike commuters are male. Men make up the majority of cyclists in every major city, but Seattle has the most lopsided gender balance among the top 10 cities. The one coming closest to gender parity, with women making up nearly 40 percent of its bike commuters, is Minneapolis.}}</ref> N'ihe ka ukwuu na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ọtụtụ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na UK mere n'okporo ụzọ. Ịgba ígwè bụ otu n'ime ụzọ njem maka njem ụmụ akwụkwọ. == Ịnyịnya ígwè na ngwá ọrụ onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè == [[Faịlụ:Opoefiets_lara.jpg|thumb|Ịnyịnya ígwè ọdịnala Dutch ''Amafiets'' nke nwere onye nche na onye nche akwa]] Ịnyịnya igwe eji eme ihe nwere ọtụtụ njirimara ọkọlọtọ iji kwalite uru na nkasi obi ha. Ndị nche agbụ na ihe nchekwa apịtị, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi, na-echebe uwe na akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ site na mmanụ na ịgba. Ndị na-eche uwe mwụda na-egbochi uwe ogologo, uwe mwụda, na uwe ndị ọzọ na-adọkpụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ejide n'ime wiil. Kickstand na-enyere aka na-adọba ụgbọala. A na-ejikarị wicker ma ọ bụ nkata ígwè a na-agbanye n'ihu maka ibu ngwongwo. Enwere ike iji ndị na-ebu ibu n'azụ buru ihe dịka satchels ụlọ akwụkwọ. Panniers ma ọ bụ ndị na-ebu akpa pụrụ iche (gụnyere akpa nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adịghị mmiri) na-enyere aka ibugharị ngwa ahịa ma jiri ya zụọ ahịa. Mgbe ụfọdụ ndị nne na nna na-agbakwunye oche ụmụaka na-ekpu n'azụ na/ma ọ bụ ihe eji enyere ndụ aka dabara na crossbar iji bufee ụmụaka. Enwere ike ịdọrọ trailers nke ụdị dị iche iche na ike ibu ka ọ na-abawanye ikike ibu. N'ọtụtụ mpaghara, a ga-etinyerịrị igwe mgbịrịgba na mgbịrịgba; ndị na-atụgharị uche; na, mgbe ọchịchịrị gasịrị, ọkụ ihu na azụ. Ojiji ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-eji uwe elu ma ọ bụ armbands fluorescent n'ìhè ma ọ bụ na-egbuke egbuke n'abalị nwere ike ime ka onye na-agba ígwè pụta ìhè, ọ bụ ezie na ndị a abụghị ihe ọzọ maka usoro ọkụ iwu kwadoro. Akụkọ banyere nkwalite nke ịga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè (Hydén, et al., 1999) tụlere uwe na ngwá ọrụ nchekwa ma kwuo na "enweghị obi abụọ na ma ndị na-agagharị agagharị na okpu ịnyịnya ígwè na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị na-eji ha eme ihe nke ukwuu", <ref name="Hydén">{{Cite book|title=WALCYNG:How to enhance WALking and CYcliNG instead of shorter car trips and to make these modes safer|author=Hydén|first=C.|date=1999-01-15|publisher=Office for Official Publications of the European Communities|isbn=92-828-4942-2|series=Transport research : Fourth framework programme : Urban transport : DG VII -- 75}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na nkwupụta a anaghị anabata ya n'ụwa niile. [[Faịlụ:Delibike_in_Buenos_Aires_-3.jpg|thumb|delibike na Buenos Aires na-ebute achịcha]] == Ihe ndị na-emetụta ọkwa nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè == Ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche na-ejikọta iji metụta ọkwa nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè. Na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, enwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè n'ihi na ịnyịnya ígwè bụ ụdị ụgbọ ala kachasị ọnụ ala nke ọtụtụ ndị nwere. Na mba ndị bara ọgaranya, ebe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ngwakọta nke ụdị njem, mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya nke ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ọkwa nke iji ịnyịnya ígwè. Na mba ndị na-emepe emepe na mba ndị na - ndị na-enweta ego dị n'etiti, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-achọ inwe ụgbọala, na-akpata obere ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè, mmetọ ikuku, na ahụike ka njọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sabyrbekov|first=Rahat|date=2020-09-21|title=Why Choose to Cycle in a Low-Income Country?|journal=Sustainability|language=en|volume=12|issue=18|pages=7775|doi=10.3390/su12187775|issn=2071-1050}}</ref> Ihe ndị na-emetụta ọkwa ịgba ígwè nwere ike ịgụnye: nhazi obodo (gụnyere àgwà akụrụngwa: onye na-agba ịnyịnya "enyi na enyi" vs. onye na-agba ịnyịnya "onye iro"), ebe njedebe njem (ọkachamma ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala), usoro ịzụ ahịa, ịzụ ahịa ihe oyiyi nke ịgba ígwè, ijikọ na ụdị njem njem ndị ọzọ, ọzụzụ okirikiri, ala (hilly vs. flat), anya dị ka ebe ụgbọ njem na-eri, ebe dị anya dị ka ebe ụgbọ njem na-eri. Na mba ndị mepere emepe, ịnya igwe kwesịrị ịsọ mpi, yana ịrụ ọrụ na ụdị ụgbọ njem ọzọ dịka ụgbọ ala nkeonwe, ụgbọ njem ọha na ịga ije. Yabụ na ọ bụghị naanị ịma mma nke ịnya igwe anaghị emetụta ọkwa ịgba ígwè, kamakwa site na ihe na-eme ka ụdị asọmpi dịkwuo mma ma ọ bụ na-adịchaghị mma. Na mba ndị mepere emepe nwere ọkwa ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè dị elu, ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-emekarị njem dị mkpirikpi. Dabere na data ọnụ ọgụgụ [[Ireland|Ndị Irish]] 1996, ihe karịrị 55% nke ndị ọrụ ịnyịnya ígwè mere njem 3 kilomita (4.8 kilomita) ma ọ bụ obere, 27% 5 kilomita (8 kilomita) maọbụ obere na naanị 17% mere njem karịa 5 kilomita na njem ha kwa ụbọchị. Enwere ike ikwu na ihe ndị na-emetụta ogologo njem ma ọ bụ oge njem so n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa n'ime ka ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè bụrụ usoro njem asọmpi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwe ụgbọ ala nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta. Na New York City, ihe karịrị ọkara nke ezinụlọ niile enweghị ụgbọ ala (ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị elu na Manhattan, ihe karịrị 75%), na ụzọ njem / ịnyịnya ígwè na-akpata 21% nke ụzọ niile maka njem n'obodo ahụ. E gosipụtara iji E-bike eme ihe iji mụbaa ebe ịnyịnya ígwè na-agagharị nakwa ọnụọgụ nke mmega ahụ n'etiti ndị na-eji E-bike na obodo asaa dị na Europe.<ref name="Castro">{{Cite journal|author=Castro|first=A|title=Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities|journal=Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives|volume=1|year=2019|doi=10.1016/j.trip.2019.100017}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mkpebi ndị ọkwa gọọmentị dị iche iche na-eme, yana otu mpaghara, ndị otu ndị bi na ndị na-arụrụ ọrụ ọha na nke onwe, nwere ike imetụta ihe a na-akpọ "ụdị nhọrọ" ma ọ bụ "modal nkewa" na njem kwa ụbọchị. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịmegharị ihe dị iche iche n'ụzọ na-ama ụma na-achọ ịgba ume ma ọ bụ ịkụda ụdị njem dị iche iche, gụnyere ịgba ígwè. [[Faịlụ:Delivery_bike.jpg|thumb|Ikesa Kilomita Ikpeazụ site na iji ịnyịnya ígwè na Vienna, Austria ]] [[Faịlụ:Urban_cycling_III.jpg|thumb|Ringstraße, Vienna, [[Austria]], 2005]] Njikọ nke Ndị Na-agba Ịnyịnya ígwè America ahọrọla usoro ihe ise <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bicyclefriendlycommunity.org/pdf/bfc_brochure.pdf|title=bicyclefriendlycommunity.org|accessdate=10 November 2007|archivedate=29 February 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229031053/http://www.bicyclefriendlycommunity.org/pdf/bfc_brochure.pdf}}</ref> maka ịtụle omume enyi nke obodo ma ọ bụ obodo na ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.virgin-vacations.com/site_vv/11-most-bike-friendly-cities.asp|title=Virgin Vacations – 11 Most Bicycle Friendly Cities in the World|work=virgin-vacations.com|accessdate=2026-03-28|archivedate=2010-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101015142/http://virgin-vacations.com/site_vv/11-most-bike-friendly-cities.asp}}</ref> A na-ekewa ụkpụrụ ndị a n'okpuru isiokwu nke: Injinia, Mgbalị, Nnyocha na Atụmatụ, Mmụta, Mmanye. === Atụmatụ obodo === .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman} Ogologo njem na oge njem bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ojiji nke okirikiri. Atụmatụ obodo nwere mmetụta siri ike na ebe ndị dị mkpa, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ahịa, kọleji, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike, mgbanwe njem ọha na eze na ihe ndị ọzọ na-anọ n'ime ebe ndị mmadụ bi. Ụdị obodo ukwu nwere ike imetụta nsogbu ndị a, usoro obibi dị mkpirikpi na nke dị gburugburu na-akwalite ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala, nke na-abụghị okirikiri (ya bụ, akara) nke na-egosi mgbasawanye obodo na-egbochi ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè. N'afọ 1990, ndị Dutch nabatara ntuziaka "ABC", nke na-egbochi mmepe ndị bụ isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala nwere ike ịnweta. [[Faịlụ:Cincinnati-suburbs-tract-housing.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ okporo ụzọ bụ ụdị mmepe ụlọ nke ndị na-eme atụmatụ obodo na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-akatọkarị n'ihi enweghị ike ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije, na ogologo oge maka ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ka ọrụ mpaghara, azụmahịa, ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị, na-achọ ịdabere na ụgbọ ala. ]] Settlements that provide a dense road network consisting of interconnected streets tend to be viable utility cycling environments. By contrast, other communities may use a cul-de-sac based, housing estate/housing subdivision model where minor roads are disconnected and only feed into a street hierarchy of progressively more "arterial" type roads. Such communities may discourage cycling by imposing unnecessary detours and forcing all cyclists onto arterial roads, which may be perceived as busy and dangerous, for all trips regardless of destination or purpose. E nwere ihe akaebe na ndị bi n'ụlọ ndị dị otú ahụ dị arọ karịa ndị bi n"ebe ndị na-aga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè dị mfe. A kọwakwara na mmụba ụgbọala ndị dị otú ahụ na-emepụta na-emekarị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ na okporo ụzọ dị iche iche mụbaa. A tụpụtara atụmatụ ndị na-atụ aro idozi esemokwu dị n'etiti cul-de-sac na netwọk jikọtara ọnụ ọdịnala, dị ka Fused Grid, ma wuo ya na ọkwa dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ịga nke ọma. Nsogbu ụfọdụ bilitere na nsogbu nchekwa onwe onye na usoro ọha na eze na atụmatụ ụlọ ụfọdụ na-eji njikọ "azụ azụ" ma ọ bụ "azụ azụ". Akwụkwọ ntuziaka UK maka okporo ụzọ (2007) na-ekwu, sị: "Ihe bụ isi bụ 'ihu ọha na azụ onwe onye'. N'ụzọ dị mma, na n'ezie, n'ihe gbasara mgbochi mpụ, ogige azụ kwesịrị ịbịakọta ogige azụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ogige dị nchebe. ... Ọ bụrụ na ogige azụ ma ọ bụ mgbidi kpuchiri okporo ámá, nsogbu nchebe nwere ike ịba, enwere ike ịgba ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ume ịgba ọsọ ọsọ, a na-eji ala eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ enweghị mmetụta nke ebe. ": p56  == Ihe owuwu ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè == {{Commons category|Utility cycling}} Ihe owuwu ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na-anwa ime ka ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè nwee nchekwa karịa ndị ọzọ na-eji ụzọ. Ihe ize ndụ nke imegide ndị ọzọ na-eji ụzọ eme ihe ka dị elu n'ihi ọdịiche ọsọ na enweghị ike ịhụ ụzọ. Ihe owuwu dị ka ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè dị iche iche, ụzọ nkwụsịtụ na-aga n'ihu, ụzọ ịnyịnya ibu na netwọk, imewe Okporo ụzọ, njikwa ọsọ, na ojiji nke agba niile na-enye ogo dịgasị iche iche nke nkewa na nchebe site na ndị ọrụ okporo ụzọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Mulvaney|first=Caroline A|date=2015-12-10|title=Cycling infrastructure for reducing cycling injuries in cyclists|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2015|issue=12|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010415.pub2|pmid=26661390}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, enweghị ihe akaebe e bipụtara na-achọpụta mgbanwe na ọnụego nke ihe mberede mgbe mmejuputa nke akụrụngwa ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref name=":0" /> [[Faịlụ:Conflict-free_bicycle_path_in_Utrecht.JPG|thumb|ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè, echekwara maka ịnyịnya ígwè kpọmkwem, dịka a hụrụ na Utrecht na Netherlands. ''Fietspad'' na-egbochi esemokwu na okporo ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-echebe ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè.]] Ịgba ígwè bụ ụzọ njem a na-ahụkarị na [[Netherlands]], ebe 36% nke ndị mmadụ depụtara ịnyịnya ígwè dị ka ụzọ njem ha na-ejikarị eme njem n'ụbọchị [nb 1] ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụgbọala site na 45% na Njem ọha na eze site na 11%. Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè nwere òkè modal nke 27% nke njem niile (obodo ukwu na ime obodo) na mba niile. Akụkụ dị elu a maka njem ịnyịnya ígwè na-eme ka ọ dị mfe site na ala dị larịị, akụrụngwa ịnyịnya ígwè dị mma dị ka ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè, ụzọ ịnyịnya ibu, ebe a na-echebe, ebe a ga-adọba ịnyịnya ígwè zuru oke na site n'ime ka ụzọ ịnya ịnyịnya ígwè mkpụmkpụ, ngwa ngwa ma na-aga kpọmkwem karịa ụzọ ụgbọ ala. N'ime ime obodo, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè n'etiti obodo na-ejikọ obodo nta, obodo na obodo ukwu Netherlands: ụfọdụ n'ime ụzọ ndị a bụ akụkụ nke Dutch National Cycle Network, netwọk nke ụzọ maka Njem ịnyịnya ígwè nke na-eru akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Netherlands, a great destination for cycling holidays|url=http://www.nederlandfietsland.nl/en/long-distance-cycle-routes|work=Nederland Fietsland website|accessdate=14 December 2013|archivedate=11 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211180305/http://www.nederlandfietsland.nl/en/long-distance-cycle-routes}}</ref> N'obodo ukwu, òkè modal maka ịnyịnya ígwè dị elu, dị ka Amsterdam nke nwere 38% . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cycling facts and figures|url=http://www.iamsterdam.com/en-GB/Media-Centre/city-hall/dossier-cycling/Cycling-facts-and-figures|work=I amsterdam website|accessdate=9 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214416/http://www.iamsterdam.com/en-GB/Media-Centre/city-hall/dossier-cycling/Cycling-facts-and-figures|archivedate=12 May 2014}}</ref> Ihe owuwu ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na-anwa ime ka ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè nwee nchekwa karịa ndị ọzọ na-eji ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, enweghị ihe akaebe e bipụtara na-achọpụta mgbanwe na ọnụego nke ihe mberede mgbe mmejuputa nke akụrụngwa ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref name=":0"/> Na mmemme ha maka ntuli aka ndị omeiwu, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dutch niile na-agbakwunye paragraf ebe ha na-ekwe nkwa ịkwalite ebe maka njem ịnyịnya ígwè. Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị GroenLinks na-akwalite ọbụna ụkpụrụ a na-akpọ "''Groen Reizen''" (''njem akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ''), nke nhọrọ iji ịnyịnya ígwè na njem ọha na eze na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Gene Balk|title=Seattle bike commuting hits 10-year low, census data show|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-bike-commuting-hits-10-year-low-census-data-show/|accessdate=10 January 2019|work=The Seattle Times|date=26 September 2018|quote=Also in the new census data: 78 percent of Seattle bike commuters are male. Men make up the majority of cyclists in every major city, but Seattle has the most lopsided gender balance among the top 10 cities. The one coming closest to gender parity, with women making up nearly 40 percent of its bike commuters, is Minneapolis.}}</ref> == Ahịa: onyinyo ọha na eze nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè == Dị ka ọrụ ndị ọzọ, enwere ike ịkwalite ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè site na ahịa. Ndị na-akwalite nwere ike ịgụnye ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na ndị ọchịchị. === Ahịa dị mma nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè === Isiokwu abụọ na-achịkwa na nkwalite ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè 1) uru maka onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na 2) uru maka ọha mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ ahọrọ ịgba ịnyịnya. Uru maka onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-elekwasị anya n'ihe ndị dị ka mbelata oge njem n'ọnọdụ obodo mepere emepe na uru ahụike nke onye na-aga ịnyịnya ígwè nwetara site na mmega ahụ mgbe niile. Uru ọha na eze na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ọha na eze. Ozi na usoro mgbasa ozi nwere ike ịgụnye: * financial savings on transportation * keeping travel times predictable; in peak traffic, cycling can be the fastest way of moving around town * ensuring best use of the space available (during trips and also while parked), therefore reducing congestion on the roads * reminding people of the advantages in terms of health and of effectiveness of using the bicycle * making maps of journeys that can be completed by bicycle * reduction of CO2 and harmful emissions by fewer people driving motor vehicles<ref name="PASTA2">{{Cite journal|author=Brand|first=Christian|date=2021|title=The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities|journal=Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment|volume=93|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.trd.2021.102764}}</ref><ref name="Brand">{{Cite journal|author=Brand|first=Christian|date=2021|title=The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities|journal=Global Environmental Change|volume=67|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224}}</ref> * reducing demand for oil-based fuels * the safety in numbers effect if more people cycle * reduced noise pollution in urban areas * amusement * cyclist health<ref name="Mueller">{{Cite journal|author=Mueller|first=Natalie|date=2015|title=Health impact assessment of active transportation: A systematic review|journal=Preventive Medicine|volume=76|pages=103–114|doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.010|pmid=25900805}}</ref> ** lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease (when practised for more than a quarter of an hour a day at a moderate pace) and therefore improvement of individual and public health ** using cycling to tackle the obesity crisis facing rich countries ** the financial savings for society if general health improves Akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị mma bụ: <ref name="ecf"/> * arụmọrụ njem - ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè bụ ọnọdụ kachasị ọsọ na nke kachasị agbanwe agbanwe maka njem 'ọnụ ụzọ na ọnụ ụzọ', dịka na ịnyịnya ígwè. * Uru gburugburu ebe obibi - ọtụtụ ụzọ njem na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na obere mmetọ. * nsogbu ahụike na ahụike - awa 4 nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè kwa izu ma ọ bụ ihe dịka kilomita 10 nke ịgba ị ịnyịnya ígwè Kwa ụbọchị, nke ya na njem njem ịnyịnya ígwè na-aga ma na-ala n'ọrụ, bụ ọkwa zuru oke nke mmega ahụ. * mmetụta akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya - ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na-enye njem maka akụkụ nke ndị mmadụ na-agaghị enwe ike ịga njem n'onwe ha n'ihi ihe kpatara afọ (ụgbọ njem ụmụ akwụkwọ), ịda ogbenye, akụrụngwa Njem ọha na eze ezughi oke, wdg. === Ahịa na-adịghị mma nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè === Ọdịmma dị iche iche nwere ike ịchọ imepụta onyonyo na-adịghị mma nke ịgba ígwè n'okporo ụzọ ọha maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche. Gọọmenti ụfọdụ, na-achọ ịkwalite iji ụgbọ ala nkeonwe, haziri ma kwụọ ụgwọ mgbasa ozi e mere iji kụda mmụọ ịgba ígwè n'okporo ụzọ. E boro ndị otu ọrụ nchekwa okporo ụzọ ebubo na ha na-ekesa akwụkwọ na-emesi ihe egwu dị n'ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè n'okporo ụzọ ebe ha na-anaghị eleba anya n'ihe gbasara akparamagwa n'etiti ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala bụ isi ihe na-ebute ihe egwu okporo ụzọ. E boro ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ nchekwa okporo ụzọ ebubo na ha nwere amụma ụma na-akụda ịnya igwe dịka ụzọ isi ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-agba ọgba tum tum. N'afọ 2003, ndị ọrụ uwe ojii Shanghai wepụtara nkwupụta na-ebo ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ụta maka "gridlock" n'obodo ahụ na ịkwalite atụmatụ machibido ndị na-agba ịnyịnya n'okporo ámá obodo.ụ. Malite n'afọ ndị 1970, ndị ọchịchị nọ n'obodo Jakarta kwupụtara "agha" na "becak" ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya ígwè ịnyịnya ígwè Indonesian na-ebo ha ebubo maka mkpọchi okporo ụzọ n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ndị ọzọ na-ere ngwaahịa ndị ahịa, mbọ ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na-agbalịkarị ijikọ ojiji nke ngwaahịa ha na nghọta nke ọnọdụ ọha na eze. Ndị na-ekiri ihe na omenala ụfọdụ na-elekwasị anya n'ụgbọ ala achọpụtala na ha na-ahụkarị ma ọ bụ na-egosi ndị na-eji ịnyịnya ígwè eme ihe dị ka ndị otu "na-abụghị otu" nke nwere echiche ọjọọ. N'ọdịbendị ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-egosipụta àgwà ndị dị otú a na mwakpo a na-awakpo ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na mgbasa ozi. Isiokwu ndị a na-ahụkarị na-agụnye nkọwa zuru oke nke ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè dị ka otu ndị na-adịghị akwụ ụtụ isi, ndị na-emebi iwu na ndị na-enweghị, ma ọ bụ belata, "ikike" iji okporo ụzọ ọha. Akụkụ ndị na-adịghị mma bụ: * Enweghị ma ọ bụ enweghị ihe ndị na-adọba ụgbọala - a na-ewu okporo ụzọ maka ụgbọala na ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè na-adịkarị njọ karịa okporo ụzọ. A na-eleghara akụrụngwa Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na enyi ịnyịnya ígwè anya n'ozuzu ya maka akụrụngwa ụgbọ ala. * Nchebe na nchekwa nke ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè - ohere a na-ahụkarị maka ụgbọala na ịnyịnya ígwè n'okporo ụzọ anaghị agbakwunye otu ikike ahụ na ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ihe mberede maka ndị na-aga ịnyịnya ígwè. * Ọnọdụ ihu igwe - mmiri ozuzo na snow na-emetụta onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-enweghị ebe mgbaba karịa ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala. * intermodality na-adịghị mma - n'ihi enweghị usoro njem maka ịnyịnya ígwè n'onwe ha (n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè, bọs, wdg) maka ogologo oge. === Iwu ire ere === Ọ bụrụ na a ga-eji ịnyịnya ígwè eme ihe maka njem 2" href="./Shopping" id="mwAdo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shopping">ịzụ ahịa, a ghaghị idebe ọrụ mkpọsa zuru oke n'ime ebe obibi dị anya. Na mba ndị dị ka [[Denmark]], [[Netherlands]] na [[Jémanị|Germany]], ọkwa dị elu nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na-agụnye njem ịzụ ahịa dịka 9% nke njem ịzụ ahịa niile na Germany bụ site na ịnyịnya ígwè. A na-arụ ụka na nke a metụtara iwu ndị na-akwado ịnweta ọrụ mkpọsa site na ụzọ ndị na-abụghị nke moto. Iwu Atụmatụ Danish 1997 chọrọ ka atụmatụ ga-akwalite ngwakọta dịgasị iche iche nke ụlọ ahịa mkpọsa na obere obodo na mpaghara dị iche iche nke nnukwu obodo ma hụ na a ga-etinye ahịa mkpọsa n'ebe ndị mmadụ nwere ezigbo ohere site na ịga ije, ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na njem ọha na eze. Site n'etiti afọ ndị 1970 Netherlands enweela iwu iji gbochie uto nke nnukwu mmepe ụlọ ahịa na-abụghị obodo. Germany enweela iwu atụmatụ gọọmentị etiti iji gbochie iji ụlọ ahịa na mpaghara ndị a họpụtara kemgbe afọ 1960. Na mgbakwunye, kemgbe afọ 1970s, iwu gọọmentị etiti anọwo na-akọwapụta na a ga-enyocha mmepe karịrị otu nha (1,200 m2) gbasara mmetụta ọjọọ nwere ike ime. Iwu gọọmentị etiti ndị a na-esikwu ike site na iwu ndị a nakweere na mpaghara. Nke a na-agụnye iwu na-akọwapụta na ụlọ ahịa ọhụrụ na-ere ngwaahịa ndị ụlọ ahịa na-enyeghị ngwa ngwa n'ime obodo / obodo. Na Denmark, Netherlands, na Germany, usoro a anaghị ejedebe na ntuziaka atụmatụ ma na-akwado ya site na mmachibido iwu maka ire ere n'okpuru ọnụ. Nke a na-akwado obere ụlọ ahịa site na igbochi ọtụtụ mmadụ itinye aka n'omume ọnụahịa na-egbu egbu site na iwepụ ihe dị mkpa iji mee ihe dị ka ndị a na-akpọ ndị ndú ọnwụ.&nbsp; ==== Iwu ndị ọzọ na-ere ahịa ==== Site na 1980s ruo n'etiti 1990s UK na-arụ ọrụ usoro nke laissez-faire n'ihe gbasara iwu mkpọsa. "Ọnụ ọgụgụ isi ụgbọ ala dị ukwuu" nke gọọmentị [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] kwadoro uto nke ụlọ ahịa na-ere ahịa na-abụghị obodo na-efu ọrụ ịzụ ahịa e guzobere n'obodo na obodo ukwu ndị Britain. UK Town and Country Planning Association na-ezo aka na nyocha nke New Economics Foundation nke na-ekwu maka usoro mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu na ndokwa mkpọsa. * Ụlọ ahịa ndị ọzọ na-emechi na ọnụego nke otu kwa ụbọchị. * N'agbata afọ 1997 na afọ 2002, ụlọ ahịa pụrụ iche, gụnyere ndị na-egbu anụ, ndị na-eme achịcha, ndị na'ere azụ, na ndị na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ, mechiri na ọnụego nke 50 kwa izu. * Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-ere nri, ihe ọṅụṅụ, na ụtaba 30,000, ma ọ bụ ihe karịrị 40%, efunahụla n'ime afọ iri gara aga. Ọ bụ ihe arụmụka na n'ime usoro mkpọsa / atụmatụ dị otú ahụ, iji ịnyịnya ígwè na-akwụsị ịbụ nhọrọ dị irè maka ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ahịa na ịnweta ụgbọala onwe onye ma ọ bụ njem ọha na eze na-aghọ ihe dị mkpa maka ịnweta ọrụ ndị bụ isi. == Ọzụzụ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè == Ọzụzụ igwe bụ ihe ọzọ a na-akwado dị ka ụzọ isi nọgide ma ọ bụ na-abawanye ọkwa nke iji igwe. Ọzụzụ ahụ na-agụnye ịkụziri ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ ndị nwere ike ịnya ịnyịnya ígwè, nkà dị iche iche ma ọ bụ "ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè" (ịgba ịnya ịnya ịkwọ ụgbọala) na ịkụziri ha banyere ojiji dị nchebe, nke iwu kwadoro nke okporo ụzọ. Enwere ike ịmata usoro ọzụzụ ịnyịnya ígwè dabere na ma ọ bụ ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị okenye. Na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]], atụmatụ National Cycle Proficiency nke nọchiri anya ugbu a lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ akwụkwọ praịmarị dị afọ 8 ma ọ bụ karịa. N'ime nke a, ụmụaka ga-amalite site n'inweta asambodo na-arụ ọrụ ruo asambodo ha n'okporo ụzọ mgbe ha dị afọ iri. Ọzụzụ na ule mbụ weere ọnọdụ na nhazi okporo ụzọ n'ime ogige egwuregwu ụlọ akwụkwọ. Usoro a agbakwunyere ugbu a site na National Standard ọhụrụ maka ọzụzụ igwe kwụ otu ebe nke lekwasịrị anya na ọzụzụ bara uru n'okporo ụzọ. Nke a bụ akụkụ nke Cycling England's portfolio nke enyemaka bara uru nye ndị ọchịchị obodo na ndị ọzọ, na-achọ iru ebumnuche ha nke "Ịgba ígwè karịa, n'enweghị nsogbu, ọtụtụ mgbe". Na United States, nkuzi Njikọ nke American Bicyclists Smart Cycling 101/201, dabere na mmemme ịgba ígwè dị irè, nwere modul ezubere maka afọ niile site na ụmụaka ruo ndị mbido okenye ruo ndị okenye nwere ahụmahụ. A na-arụ ụka na atụmatụ ndị dị otú ahụ abụghị nanị na-eme ka obi sie ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ obi kamakwa ọ na-emekwa ka o yie ka ndị nne na nna na-ahapụ ụmụ ha ka ha jiri ịnyịnya ígwè gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ. Enwere ike ịnye ọzụzụ okirikiri na mbọ iji merie amaghị omenala maka ịgba ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi omenala na-egbochi iji igwe igwe. Na Netherlands, a na-ezubere ụfọdụ nkuzi nkuzi okirikiri n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị si obodo ndị kwabatara mbata nọ, dị ka ụzọ isi merie ihe mgbochi ndị dị otú ahụ na-enye ụmụ nwanyị si mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè. == Njikọ ndị ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Estacio_bicing_bcn.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-agba ọsọ na Barcelona]] Dị ka ọ dị n'ụdị ndụ ndị ọzọ, ndị na-agba ígwè nwere ike ịmalite mkpakọrịta iji kwalite na ịzụlite ịgba ígwè dị ka ụdị ụgbọ njem kwa ụbọchị. European Cyclists' Federation bụ nche anwụ maka otu dị otú ahụ na Europe. Mkpakọrịta ndị a nwere ike ịbanye ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche iji kwado nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ imegide usoro ndị ha na-ekpe na ọ gaghị arụpụta ihe, dị ka imegide iwebata iwu nke okpu agha ịnyịnya ígwè. == Ịgba ígwè n'efu / atụmatụ ịgbazite oge dị mkpirikpi == {{Commons category|Utility cycling}} Atụmatụ ịkekọrịta igwe kwụ otu ebe, azụmahịa tolitere na mbido narị afọ nke 21, gbadoro ụkwụ na ịgba ígwè karịa ịgbazinye igwe kwụ otu ebe ndị ọzọ. == Mmetụta nke teknụzụ == == Hụkwa == {{Commons category|Utility cycling}} == Edemsibia == {{Commons category|Utility cycling}}{{Commons category|Utility cycling}}  [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fqosm55b1lynxh38whxrhgee0fkuw3m 0 75086 688203 631765 2026-07-15T09:08:27Z Johnnybam 24488 688203 wikitext text/x-wiki Marguerite Victoire Tinayre (née Guerrier, 6 Machị 1831 - 16 Ọgọst 1895) bụ onye nkuzi French, onye edemede, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ndọrọ ndọrọọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ onye otu Paris Commune ma na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha nzuzo '''Jean Guêtré''', '''Jean Tinayre''' na '''Jules Paty'''. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Tinayre na 6 Machị 1831 na Issoire, Puy de Dome, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Newhall|first=David S.|title=Tinayre, Marguerite (1831–?)|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tinayre-marguerite-1831|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Sowerwine|first=Charles|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Women_and_Socialism_in_France_1871_1921/ErW2AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Marguerite+Tinayre&dq=Marguerite+Tinayre&printsec=frontcover|title=Women and Socialism in France 1871-1921: Socialist Women's Groups from Léonie Rouzade to Louise Saumoneau|date=1974|publisher=Univeristy of Wisconsin.|pages=16|language=en}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ya bụ ndị omenkà na ndị otu ndị isi obodo nke mba ahụ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-04|title=«Victoire», la Communeuse|url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/nos-ancetres-les-gauloises/article/041019/victoire-la-communeuse|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=Le Club de Mediapart|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Kowal|first=Claude|date=2012-05-14|title=Marguerite Tinayre (1831-1895)|url=https://autogestion.asso.fr/marguerite-tinayre-1831-1895/|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=Association Autogestion|language=fr-FR}} [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Ọ na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye (école libre) na Issoire, n'ime ụlọ nna ya gbazinyere ya, tupu ọ kwaga Paris.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|author=Thomas|first=Edith|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Women_Incendiaries_English_Translati/msJVAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Marguerite+Tinayre&dq=Marguerite+Tinayre&printsec=frontcover|title=The Women Incendiaries: English Translation from the French|date=1967|publisher=Secker & Warburg|pages=8|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Constant|first=Caroline|date=2011|title=Victoire Tinayre (1831-1895) L’enseignement comme arme révolutionnaire (40)|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https://www.humanite.fr/tribunes/victoire-tinayre-1831-1895-l%25E2%2580%2599enseignement-comme-%253Farme-revolutionnaire-40-478472|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=l'Humanite|language=fr}} [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> === Ọrụ === Mgbe Mgbanwe nke Napoleon nke Atọ 1851 gasịrị, a machibidoro Tinayre iwu izi ihe, chụpụrụ nwanne ya nwoke Ambroise na France, a chụpụrụ ndị mụrụ ya n'ihi echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha.[1] N'afọ 1858, ọ lụrụ odeakwụkwọ Jean Tinayre. Ha nwere ụmụ isii, gụnyere onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe Louis Tinayre na onye na-ese foto na onye na-ese osisi Julien Tinayre (onye lụrụ onye edemede Marcelle Tinayre).[2] [3] [4] Mgbe e kwere ka ọ kụzie ihe ọzọ, ọ na-eduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ Protestant n'efu na Neuilly, Bondy, na Noisy-le-Sec.[2][5] Tinayre bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ na 1860 banyere ezinụlọ ndị nkịtị na-akwaga Paris, [1] [2] akpọrọ Un Rêve de femme na La Marguerite, nke abụọ n'ime ya raara nye onye edemede France na onye na-agụ akụkọ George Sand.[3]. E bipụtara ha abụọ n'okpuru pseudonym Jules Paty.[4] Tinayre rụkwara ọrụ n'okpuru aha pseudonym Jean Guêtré na Jean Tinayre. Ọ mepere ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Tinayre-Guerrier nke bipụtara akwụkwọ gbasara nkuzi.[5] Na 1866, Tinayre kwagara n'ógbè dara ogbenye nke 13th arrondissement wee guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ.[1] Na 1866, o hibere obere ndị na-azụ ahịa Société des Équitables de Paris na Louise Michel, Paul Delamarche Étienne na Henry Fortuné.[2] [3] [4] Njikọ ahụ sonyeere L'Internationale na Federal Chamber of Workers' Societies.[1] Na 1867, Tinayre haziri otu ọmụmụ ihe nke Saint-Simonia akpọrọ The Just of Paris (French: Les Equitables de Paris).[5] Na 1868, ndị uwe ojii lekọtara ya bụ ndị hụrụ ka ọ na-ekwu okwu na nzukọ na-agbachitere "echiche ndị na-emegide ọha na nke okpukperechi."[6] Mgbe ekwuwapụtachara ọgbakọ Paris na 1871, a họpụtara Tinayre onye nyocha nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na 12th arrondissement na 11 Eprel 1871. [1] [2] N'okpuru Kọmịstị, ọ bụ onye otu ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị maka nchekwa nke Paris na nlekọta ndị merụrụ ahụ. [3] N'ime "izu ọbara", Tinayre na di ya lekọtara ndị merụrụ ahụ, na-aga site na mgbochi gaa n'ogige. === Njide na ọnwụ<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === E jidere Tinayre mgbe onye na-elekọta ụlọ katọrọ ya na 26 Mee 1871 ma jide ya na Châtelet. <ref name=":8" /> Mgbe ọ jụsịrị ajụjụ banyere ya, e jidere di Tinayre ma gbaa ya égbè.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|author=Sowerwine|first=Charles|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Sisters_Or_Citizens/oxU9AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Marguerite+Tinayre&pg=PA209&printsec=frontcover|title=Sisters Or Citizens?: Women and Socialism in France Since 1876|date=1982-01-28|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-23484-9|pages=30|language=en}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ Tinayre n'ụbọchị e gbusịrị di ya ma gbaga Geneva, Switzerland, ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Anna Babrick.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Labreure|first=David|date=2023-06-11|title=TINAYRE NÉE GUERRIER Victoire Marguerite, Marguerite - Jules PATY - Jean GUÊTRÉ|url=https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=122480#|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=cths.fr}}</ref> Nwanne ha nwoke Antoine gbagara [[London]], England. Na Jenụwarị 9, 1874, n'oge mmegide iwu nke Commune, Conseil supérieur de la guerre mara Tinayre ikpe na-anọghị ya ka a chụpụ ya n'ogige e wusiri ike maka ọrụ ya na ndị otu nnupụisi.<ref name=":0" /> N'oge ọ nọ n'ebe a chụgara ya, ọ gara biri na Budapest, Hungary, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ezinụlọ a ma ama. Comte de Bourgoing nke Hungary dere akwụkwọ ozi otuto banyere ọrụ ya na Hungary. <ref name=":0" /> O guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ La Sociale na La Semaine de Mai . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Sharon P.|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Boundaries_of_Acceptability/lYnWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Marguerite+Tinayre&dq=Marguerite+Tinayre&printsec=frontcover|title=Boundaries of Acceptability: Flaubert, Maupassant, Cézanne, and Cassatt|date=2000|publisher=P. Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-3851-1|pages=16|language=en}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:100elles_Victoire_Tinayre_-_Rue_Rothschild.jpg|thumb|252x252px|Okporo ámá Victoire Tinayre]] Na 27 Nọvemba 1879, Tinayre nwetara mgbaghara na mkpọrọ ya.[1] A gbaghaara ya kpam kpam na Jenụwarị 1880 wee laghachi France.[2] Ọ ghọrọ onye otu C<ref name=":3" />entral Socialist Committee for Relief of Amnesty na Ndị Na-abụghị Mgbaghara n'akụkụ Hubertine Auclert na Marie Manière. [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ] Tinayre dekọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ La Misère (1882) na Louise Michel, banyere ezinụlọ dara ogbenye nke Paris na klaasị ndị na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ọdachi, mkpagbu, na ụdị mmegbu.[1] Ndịiche echiche ha mebiri njikọ ha.[2] Tinayre mechara bụrụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, hiwere Union des Femmes[3] wee kuziere ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ezinụlọ Guise site na 1883 ruo 1885.[4] [5] [3] Tinayre nwụrụ na 16 August 1895 na Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, mgbe ọ dị afọ 64. <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Piguet|first=Laure|title=TINAYRE Victoire [née GUERRIER Marguerite, Victoire]|url=https://maitron.fr/tinayre-victoire-nee-guerrier-marguerite-victoire/|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=Maitron|language=fr-FR}}</ref> A na-edebe ihe ndekọ nke ezinụlọ Tinayre na Archives du Féminisme . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Famille Tinayre|url=https://www.archivesdufeminisme.fr/fonds-archives/famille-tinayre/|accessdate=2026-04-12|work=Archives du Féminisme|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jvtfn9ok6xep0ran1ke8ducieq3n4q7 3 75818 688085 687302 2026-07-14T16:36:48Z King ChristLike 13051 /* Quality translations */ Zaghachi 688085 wikitext text/x-wiki == Quality translations == Daalu maka translations gi. But there are a lot of omissions. Take a look at your recent translations [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche%3AContributions&target=Johnnybam&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=2026-05-01&end=2026-05-15&limit=1000 here], kindly add the omitted references from the enwiki page to the igwiki article to ensure that content integrity is maintained. While translating, do well to proofread and be sure that there are no omissions or incorrectly translated words before finally publishing. And after publishing, go through the article again to verify the references and if there are areas to improve or correct. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 13:03, 15 Mee 2026 (UTC) :ok sir thanks for your corrections :I will look into it [[Ojiarụ:Johnnybam|Johnnybam]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johnnybam|ṅkátá]]) 18:32, 15 Mee 2026 (UTC) :Good afternoon sir. :I hope you are doing well. :Sir, I have completed the corrections as requested. Kindly review the article and let me know if there are any other corrections or improvements I should make. :Thanks you. [[Ojiarụ:Johnnybam|Johnnybam]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johnnybam|ṅkátá]]) 12:36, 11 Julaị 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] [[Ojiarụ:Johnnybam|Johnnybam]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Johnnybam|ṅkátá]]) 12:37, 11 Julaị 2026 (UTC) ::not quite so. You're yet to work on all the articles I highlighted above [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche%3AContributions&target=Johnnybam&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=2026-05-01&end=2026-05-15&limit=1000 here]. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:36, 14 Julaị 2026 (UTC) 9y10j0mhoq04k071522sjjy9mxy8gd6 0 76584 688182 672845 2026-07-15T04:38:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=St John of God Hospital|org_group=<!-- optional -->|image=St John of God Hospital, Mabesseneh, Lunsar, Sierra Leone Exterior.jpg|caption=Main entrance|logo=|location=Mabesseneh, [[Lunsar]]|country=Sierra Leone|coordinates={{coord|8.7035|-12.5250|type:landmark_region:SL|display=it}}|funding=Non-profit|type=District|beds=100|emergency=Yes|founded=1964|closed=<!-- optional -->|website={{URL|http://www.stjohnofgodhospital.net}}|other_links=<!-- optional -->}} [[Faịlụ:StJohnofGodHospital.Net.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|118x118px|Otu n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri abụọ dị na St John of God Hospital, Sierra Leone]] '''St. John of God Catholic Hospital''', also known as Mabessaneh Hospital,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200807040891.html|title=Sierra Leone: Nursing School for Mabessaneh Hospital|date=4 July 2008|accessdate=March 8, 2012|author=Sesay, Mansoh}}</ref>bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Mabesseneh, Lunsar, Sierra Leone. Ọ bụ Brothers Hospitallers nke St. John of God, otu nzukọ Katọlik mba ụwa na-achịkwa ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St John of God Hospital|publisher=St John of God Hospital|url=http://www.stjohnofgodhospital.net/|accessdate=4 March 2012|archivedate=25 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625015538/http://www.stjohnofgodhospital.net/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Manson|first=Katrina|title=Sierra Leone|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year=2009|pages=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxRcEzkFs-wC&dq=%22St.+John+of+God+Hospital%22+sierra+leone&pg=PA81|isbn=978-1-84162-222-4}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-abụghị nke okpukpe nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ akụkụ a na-ahụkarị nke Healthcare na Sierra Leone, dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike, Paediatrics, Medical and Maternity, ndị ọzọ dị ka Emergency, Surgery, Pharmacy na Microbiology abụghị karịsịa na mpaghara, na mpụga isi obodo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dioceseofmakeni.com/MAKENI%20dvd/diocese%20of%20makeni%20website/HEALTH/SAINT%20JOHN%20OF%20GOD%20CATHOLIC%20HOSPITAL%20LUNSAR.pdf|title=Leaflet on St John of God Hospital Sierra Leone|publisher=St John of God Hospital Sierra Leone|accessdate=March 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Gynecologic cytology at the Catholic Hospital St. John of God, Lunsar Sierra Leone|journal=Eur J Gynaecol Oncol|year=1983|issue=3|pages=198–200|pmid=6401031|volume=4}}</ref> O nwere ọtụtụ njikọ na òtù ndị Europe. Ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ọgwụ Sierra Leone na-abụghị isi obodo Freetown nke nwere ngalaba microbiological nke German NGO GLOBOLAB e.V. na-achịkwa ma na-ejikọta ya na Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona. <ref name="globlab">{{Cite web|url=http://www.globolab.org/sierraleone.html|title=Das Projekt Sierra Leone|publisher=Globolab|accessdate=March 8, 2012|archivedate=September 21, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921091908/http://globolab.org/sierraleone.html}}</ref> <ref name="isa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theisaproject.eu/2009/11/el-hospital-saint-john-of-god-de-sierra-leona-inicia-su-camino-en-el-proyecto-isa|title=El hospital Saint John of God de Sierra Leona inicia su camino en el Proyecto iSA|publisher=International Support Action: Collaborative Discussions of Complex Clinical Cases|date=October 2009|accessdate=March 8, 2012|archivedate=April 26, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426022228/http://www.theisaproject.eu/2009/11/el-hospital-saint-john-of-god-de-sierra-leona-inicia-su-camino-en-el-proyecto-isa/}}</ref><ref name="DBS">{{Cite web|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/6/10-0997_article.htm|title=Easy Diagnosis of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease|publisher=Centre of Disease Control and Prevention|date=June 2011|accessdate=March 8, 2012|pages=Letters}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * 2014 Ntiwapụ nje Ebola na Sierra Leone == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191309/http://www.stjohnofgod.org/sjog_missions.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ St. John of God Brothers] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422101745/http://apadrinauntractament.org/index_en.html Onye na-akwado Apadrina usoro ụmụaka maka ụlọ ọgwụ] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iy2olw4thx30v6xzgouzic1mikyn0az 0 76586 688175 654904 2026-07-15T03:43:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688175 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Benjamin Mkapa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Benjamin Mkapa Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q96373407"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Benjamin Mkapa Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q96373407"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[35.847491,-6.229805],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Benjamin Mkapa Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benjamin_Mkapa_Hospital&params=6.229805_S_35.847491_E_type: Ihe ịrịba ama <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°13′47′′S</span> <span class="longitude">35°50′51′′E</span></span></span> / 6.229805°S 35.847491°E / -6.229805; 35.84747491<span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.229805°S 35.847491°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.229805; 35.847491</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benjamin_Mkapa_Hospital&params=6.229805_S_35.847491_E_type: Landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°13′47″S</span> <span class="longitude">35°50′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.229805°S 35.847491°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-6.229805; 35.847491</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ọchịagha |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |400 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emeghe | class="infobox-data" |2015 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260602192623/https://www.bmh.or.tz/ bmh.or.tz]</span> |} {{Reflist}} {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Benjamin Mkapa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Benjamin Mkapa Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q96373407"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Benjamin Mkapa Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q96373407"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[35.847491,-6.229805],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Benjamin Mkapa Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benjamin_Mkapa_Hospital&params=6.229805_S_35.847491_E_type: Ihe ịrịba ama <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°13′47′′S</span> <span class="longitude">35°50′51′′E</span></span></span> / 6.229805°S 35.847491°E / -6.229805; 35.84747491<span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.229805°S 35.847491°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.229805; 35.847491</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Benjamin_Mkapa_Hospital&params=6.229805_S_35.847491_E_type: Landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°13′47″S</span> <span class="longitude">35°50′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.229805°S 35.847491°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-6.229805; 35.847491</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ọchịagha |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |400 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emeghe | class="infobox-data" |2015 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260602192623/https://www.bmh.or.tz/ bmh.or.tz]</span> |} '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Benjamin Mkapa''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze dị na Dodoma, isi obodo Tanzania. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nke abụọ na mba ahụ mere mgbanwe akụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-03-025e5cea06b0d1e.aspx|title=BMH ’s mobile medical outreach service brings hope to rural communities|publisher=Tanzania Standard Newspapers|work=Daily News|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-10|first=Ludovick|author=Kazoka|date=2020-03-02}}</ref> mana nke mbụ na-eme ya na ndị ọrụ Tanzania niile na 2018. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] d2rr4jbnzmk56211erka22512bwp952 1728 76592 688190 688007 2026-07-15T06:17:09Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688190 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. lj2pg93o9b512i5vnxjgcea99qrfylx 688191 688190 2026-07-15T06:19:12Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688191 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma | oo6mjoc1vw1hlus4putyr493pxhk6b1 688192 688191 2026-07-15T06:24:26Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688192 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done ocsd7lhx1vimjgxc6i37gucgfsww40q 688193 688192 2026-07-15T06:29:16Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688193 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa km653tnk6usv7nrrhqg0kte38szn00b 688194 688193 2026-07-15T06:30:02Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688194 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa nijnzvizcfgsrmtshh26bh2ozflqs5y 0 76637 688185 655372 2026-07-15T04:52:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688185 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Nairobi |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Nairobi Women's Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q6959792"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Nairobi Women's Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q6959792"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[36.796071,-1.293856],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Nairobi Women's Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Hurlingham, Nairobi|Hurlingham]], Nairobi, Kenya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nairobi_Women%27s_Hospital&params=1.293856_S_36.796071_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°17′38′′S</span> <span class="longitude">36°47′46′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.293856°S 36.796071°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-1.293856; 36.796071</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nairobi_Women%27s_Hospital&params=1.293856_S_36.796071_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°17′38″S</span> <span class="longitude">36°47′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.293856°S 36.796071°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-1.293856; 36.796071</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |NHIF |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ndị pụrụ iche |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |726 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |2001 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Kenya |} '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Nairobi''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-enweta uru na Nairobi, [[Kenya]]. O nwere àkwà 726.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nwh.co.ke/hospital/nairobi-womens-hospital/about-us/|accessdate=2025-05-31|title=About Us|publisher=Nairobi Women's Hospital}}</ref> Ọ bụ [[Dr. Sam Thenya]] guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 2001 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Sam Thenya: A Women’s Health Pioneer|url=https://media.repository.gheli.harvard.edu/filer_public/d7/56/d756e5d3-8308-45c6-b062-9a29f531fee7/2014_gheli_samthenya_tc.pdf|publisher=Global Health and Education Learning Incubator, Harvard University|date=2014-06-23|accessdate=2025-05-31}}</ref> ma bụrụ nke mbụ n'ụdị ya na mpaghara East na Central Africa. Ọbụlagodi na ọ bụ ọkachamara na ọrụ Obstetrics na Gynecology, ụlọ ọgwụ a kwadebere ma nyekwa ya ọrụ ka ọ na-ahụ maka ọnọdụ ahụike na ịwa ahụ niile. Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbake Mmegbu Mmekọahụ (GVRC) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụ Nwanyị Nairobi. E guzobere ya iji nye ọgwụgwọ ahụike, na ọgwụgwọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nye ndị lanarịrị n'ike na ime ihe ike n'ezinụlọ bụ́ ndị na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ. E guzobela GVRCs n'ofe Kenya ma na-abụkarị naanị ụdị ọgwụgwọ dị maka ndị a na-emeso ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/09/21/i-had-nowhere-go/violence-against-women-and-girls-during-covid-19-pandemic-kenya|accessdate=2025-05-30|title=“I Had Nowhere to Go”: Violence Against Women and Girls During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kenya|publisher=Human Rights Watch|first=Juliana|author=Nnoko-Mewanu|date=2021-09-21}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ maka uru na ndị nwe onwe ha etinyela aka nke ukwuu na njikwa ya. N'afọ 2016, Abraaj Group zụrụ pasentị iri asaa na ise n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/621529/bp-sick-development-funding-for-profit-private-hospitals-260623-en.pdf?sequence=14&isAllowed=y|publisher=Oxfam|first=Anna|author=Marriott|year=2023|title=Sick Development: How rich-country government and World Bank funding to for-profit private hospitals causes harm, and why it should be stopped|accessdate=2026-06-12|archivedate=2024-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529193828/https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/621529/bp-sick-development-funding-for-profit-private-hospitals-260623-en.pdf?sequence=14&isAllowed=y}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Dr Thenya kwuru na arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-achọ ịtọhapụ ndị ọrịa ma ọ bụ ahụ ha e jidere n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka ịghara ịkwụ ụgwọ bụ nnukwu nsogbu ya, na-ekwu na "Nsogbu m kachasị ukwuu, echekwara m na nke a dị na ngalaba ọha na eze, bụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị chọrọ ka a tọhapụ ndị ọrịa na-akwụghị ụgwọ ha ma ọ bụ tọhapụ ozu onye nwere ụgwọ. " Mgbe Abraaj Group dara na 2018, ụlọ ọrụ US TPG Inc. nwetara òkè ha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospital CEO talks money, zeal, silence|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/hospital-ceo-talks-money-zeal-silence--2130932|work=archive.org|publisher=Business Daily|accessdate=12 July 2025|archivedate=26 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626064031/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/hospital-ceo-talks-money-zeal-silence--2130932}}</ref>[6] N'afọ 2017 na 2019 njide nke ndị ọrịa na ozu n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ihi ụgwọ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi telivishọn Kenya. <ref name="Mother Jones Crushing">{{Cite web|author=DOOLEY|first=BEN|title=How the World Bank Left African Hospital Patients “Detained” and in Crushing Debt|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2025/07/how-the-world-bank-left-african-hospital-patients-detained-and-in-crushing-debt/|accessdate=12 July 2025|work=motherjones.com|publisher=Mother Jones}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.gvrc.or.ke Ebe A Na-agbake Maka Ime Ihe Ike Banyere Mmekọahụ] {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dceo0r4byhdcqwmc59dt982lu4ko47g 0 76708 688173 656536 2026-07-15T03:34:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688173 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Aga Khan HospitalDar bụ Salaam<br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[Aga Khan Health Services|Ọrụ Ahụike Aga Khan]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Aga_Khan_Hospital,_Dar_es_Salaam.jpg|250x250px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4690929"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4690929"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[39.287841,-6.803487],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aga_Khan_Hospital,_Dar_es_Salaam&params=6.803487_S_39.287841_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°48′13′′S</span> <span class="longitude">39°17′16′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.803487°S 39.287841°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.803487; 39.287841</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aga_Khan_Hospital,_Dar_es_Salaam&params=6.803487_S_39.287841_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°48′13″S</span> <span class="longitude">39°17′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.803487°S 39.287841°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-6.803487; 39.287841</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |Nkeonwe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ịkụzi ihe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mahadum jikọtara ya</div> | class="infobox-data" |Mahadum Aga Khan |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụkpụrụ | class="infobox-data" |ISO 9001: 2000JCI<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |170 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1964 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928120457/http://www.agakhanhospitals.org/dar/ www.agakhanhospitals.org/dar/]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Tanzania |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Njikọ ndị ọzọ</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ndepụta nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Aga Khan |} E guzobere na 1964, '''ụlọ ọgwụ Aga Khan''', Dar es Salaambụ ụlọ ọgwụ nwere akwa 170 nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-enye ọrụ ahụike izugbe, ụlọ ọgwụ ọkachamara na ọrụ nchọpụta. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ebe etiti maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọgwụ gburugburu obodo ahụ. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke usoro ntụnye aka mba ụwa nke Aga Khan Health Services, yana njikọ na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Aga Khan, Nairobi na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Aga Khan, Karachi.<ref name="Dar" /> == Ihe owuwu == Ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gụnyere ngalaba nlekọta siri ike nke nwere àkwà iri na ise maka ndị okenye, ndị nwere obi na ụmụaka, ngalaba haemodialysis, ngalaba cardiology, ụlọ ọrụ isii na-awa ahụ, ngalaba neurophysiology, ngalaba n'ozuzu maka ngalaba niile dị mkpa, ọrụ radiology nke gụnyere radiology n'ofe, MRI, CT na 3D mammography na ngalaba mberede 24/7 .<ref name="Dar">{{Cite web|url=https://www.agakhanhospitals.org/daressalaam|title=Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam|accessdate=September 14, 2020|archivedate=November 20, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120084634/http://agakhanhospitals.org/DarEsSalaam}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191120084634/http://agakhanhospitals.org/DarEsSalaam "Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ malitere Ụlọ Nlekọta Ọrịa Cancer ya na Jenụwarị 2020, <ref>{{Cite web|author=MSEJA|first=CHRISTINA|date=2022-04-12|title=Project to benefit 2 million people on alleviating NCDs effects|url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/2022-04-11625429fb21a73.aspx|accessdate=2022-04-13|work=www.dailynews.co.tz|language=en}}</ref> nke ga-eje ozi dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ maka Tanzania Comprehensive Cancer Project. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-13|title=Cancer Care Center to be developed at Aga Khan Hospital Tanzania|url=https://www.globaldiasporanews.com/cancer-care-center-to-be-developed-at-aga-khan-hospital-tanzania/|accessdate=2022-04-13|work=Global Diaspora News|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-atụ anya na a ga-emecha ya na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-11|title=Aga Khan constructing Sh13.8bn Cancer Centre in Dar es Salaam|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/aga-khan-constructing-sh13-8bn-cancer-centre-in-dar-es-salaam-3778514|accessdate=2022-04-13|work=The Citizen|language=en}}</ref> == Mmụta == Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, n'okpuru nchebe nke Mahadum Aga Khan na-enye mmemme obibi na Family Medicine, Internal Medicine na Surgery. == Ikike ikike == N'afọ 2016, AKH natara ikike Joint Commission International (JCI), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ naanị ụlọ ọgwụ JCI kwadoro na mba ahụ, na nke abụọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, mgbe Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aga Khan, Nairobi gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/en/about-jci/accredited-organizations/#f:_Facet_Country=|work=JCI|title=Tanzania Hospital Accreditations|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=2020-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001181625/https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/en/about-jci/accredited-organizations/#f:_Facet_Country=}}</ref><ref name="Dar"/> == Hụkwa == * Aga Khan Development Network * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba Muhimbili na Dar es Salaam * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aga Khan, Karachi Pakistan == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8z68uwrn1zfn5u2266qikkbv7tcv9ir 0 76714 688174 656537 2026-07-15T03:35:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Aga Khan Hospital<br/>Kisumu|org_group=[[Aga Khan Health Services]]|image=|caption=<!-- optional -->|image_size=78|logo=<!-- optional -->|location=[[Kisumu]]|region=[[Kisumu County]]|state=former [[Nyanza Province]]|country=Kenya|coordinates={{Coord|-0.098506|34.756104 |format=dms|display=it}}|healthcare=Private|type=General|speciality=|standards=ISO 9001:2000, Ministry of Health Level 5|emergency=<!-- UK/IR/HK/SG: Yes/No, CA/US: I/II/III for Trauma certification level -->|affiliation=[[Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi]] and [[Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi]]|beds=76|founded=1952|closed=<!-- optional -->|website={{URL|http://www.agakhanhospitals.org/kisumu}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Aga Khan HospitalKisumu<br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[Aga Khan Health Services|Ọrụ Ahụike Aga Khan]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Aga Khan Hospital, Kisumu","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4690930"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Aga Khan Hospital, Kisumu"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4690930"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[34.756104,-0.098506],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Aga Khan Hospital, Kisumu","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Kisumu]], Kisumu County, nke bụbu Nyanza Province, Kenya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aga_Khan_Hospital,_Kisumu&params=0.098506_S_34.756104_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°05′55′′S</span> <span class="longitude">34°45′22′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.098506°S 34.756104°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.098506; 34.756104</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aga_Khan_Hospital,_Kisumu&params=0.098506_S_34.756104_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°05′55″S</span> <span class="longitude">34°45′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.098506°S 34.756104°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-0.098506; 34.756104</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |Nkeonwe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ọchịagha |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mahadum jikọtara ya</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aga Khan, Nairobi na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Amahadum Aga, KarachiỤlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aga Khan, Karachi |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụkpụrụ | class="infobox-data" |ISO 9001:2000, Ministry of Health Level 5 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |76 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1952 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230131193505/https://www.agakhanhospitals.org/kisumu www.agakhanhospitals.org/kisumu]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Kenya |} E guzobere na 1952, '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Aga Khan''' dị na Kisumu bụ ebe nlekọta ahụike mberede nke nwere ihe ndina iri asaa na isii. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-enye ọrụ ọgwụgwọ izugbe, ụlọ ọgwụ ọkachamara na ọrụ nchọpụta teknụzụ dị elu ma nwee Ngalaba Mberede Ndị Na-arịa Ọrịa. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke sistemụ ntụnye aka mba ụwa nke Aga Khan Health Services nwere njikọ na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aga Khan, Nairobi na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aga Khan, Karachi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hosi.co.ke/hospitals/the-aga-khan-hospital-kisumu/|title=The Aga Khan Hospital Kisumu|work=Hospitals near me|accessdate=December 12, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agakhanhospitals.org/|title=The Aga Khan Hospitals|accessdate=14 November 2006|archivedate=15 October 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015015040/http://www.agakhanhospitals.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.akdn.org/|title=The Aga Khan Development Network|accessdate=14 November 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115055643/http://akdn.org/|archivedate=15 November 2006}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Prince Aly Khan tọrọ ntọala maka Aga Khan Dispensary and Maternity Home na 26 Febụwarị 1951, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ meghere na 1952 dị ka ngalaba 8. N'afọ 1960, a gbatịkwuru ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ iji tinye ngalaba abụọ nwere ngụkọta nke àkwà 17 na ngalaba ndị na-ahụ maka ndị ọrịa. E guzobere obere ụlọ nyocha na 1975 ma zụta igwe X-ray. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1979, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'àkwà karịrị pasent 100, nke gosipụtara mkpa maka mgbasawanye. N'afọ 1991, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere àkwà 55, gas oxygen dị, a rụchara ogige nchịkwa ma webata ọrụ physiotherapy. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1992, ikike àkwà ahụ amụbaala ruo 76 na ngalaba ụmụaka, ngalaba VIP na ngalaba nlekọta siri ike. == Hụkwa == * Aga Khan Development Network == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e7327vii15jzwy3ttsayjdwr34yio69 0 76767 688184 656551 2026-07-15T04:47:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688184 wikitext text/x-wiki Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara iri nke Ghana dị na Western Region . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Quaye|first=Samuel|title=Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital gets eight-bed intensive care unit|url=https://www.gna.org.gh/1.18686790|work=www.gna.org.gh|publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]]|accessdate=21 January 2022|language=en|archivedate=21 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121160717/https://www.gna.org.gh/1.18686790}}</ref> Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke abụọ nke na-enwetakwa ozi site na Western corridor nke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The patient should have been referred to Effia Nkwanta not Korle Bu - Dr. Siameh - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/the-patient-should-have-been-referred-to-effia-nkwanta-not-korle-bu-dr-siameh/|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=21 January 2022|date=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="aboutrnrh">{{Cite web|title=About ENRH|url=https://www.enrh.org.gh/about-enrh|work=Western Regional Hospital - Effia Nkwanta|publisher=ENRH|accessdate=21 January 2022|archivedate=21 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155643/https://www.enrh.org.gh/about-enrh}}</ref> Gọọmentị Gold Coast guzobere ya na 1938 dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://www.enrh.org.gh/about-enrh/history|work=Western Regional Hospital - Effia Nkwanta|accessdate=21 January 2022|archivedate=21 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121153854/https://www.enrh.org.gh/about-enrh/history}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, nke a maara maka ọrụ ya magburu onwe ya na ngalaba dị iche iche, dị na Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis ma na-enye udo, ebe ọgwụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Anani|first=Kerzia|date=2024-07-12|title=Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital|url=https://aftradvillage.com/destinations/effia-nkwanta-regional-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Aftrad Village|language=en-US}}</ref> Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, Onyeisiala mba Ghana ekpugheela ihe oyiyi ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọọgwụ Effia Nkwanta dị na Sekondi dịka akụkụ nke njem "daalụ" otu ụbọchị ya na Mpaghara Ọdịda Anyanwụ. Minista Mpaghara Ọdịda Anyanwụ, Kwabena Okyere Darko Mensah kwupụtara na e wuru ihe oyiyi ahụ iji sọpụrụ Onyeisiala maka atụmatụ dị iche iche o mere.v.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-06|title=Sekondi: Akufo-Addo unveils statue of himself at Effia-Nkwanta Hospital|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/11/sekondi-akufo-addo-unveils-statue-of-himself-at-effia-nkwanta-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-07|title=Akufo-Addo statue: Uproar after Ghana's president unveils monument in his honour|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj6k14ryygyo.amp#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17316822634317&referrer=https://www.google.com|accessdate=2024-11-15|work=BBC News|language=en-gb}}</ref> N'akụkụ onye isi ala, o kwuru na o mezuru pasent 80 nke nkwa ndị e kwere ndị Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-06|title=Sekondi: Akufo-Addo unveils statue of himself at Effia-Nkwanta Hospital|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/11/sekondi-akufo-addo-unveils-statue-of-himself-at-effia-nkwanta-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere ya na 1938, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ etoola ghọọ onye isi na-ahụ maka ahụike na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Anani|first=Kerzia|date=2024-07-12|title=Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital|url=https://aftradvillage.com/destinations/effia-nkwanta-regional-hospital/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Aftrad Village|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebe == Ọ dị na Takoradi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Driving directions and traffic reports by Waze|url=https://www.waze.com/error_500|accessdate=2024-11-09|work=www.waze.com|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t2clr213fpykhsyboj90ts9ulruc6bt 0 76770 688176 656540 2026-07-15T03:51:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688176 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gargaar Multi-speciality |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Gargaar_Multispeciality_Hospital_logo.gif|250x250px]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Hargeisa]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed|Marodi-Jeeh]], [[Somaliland]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Hospital#Types|Ụdị]] | class="infobox-data category" |Nkeonwe |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Emergency department|Ngalaba mberede]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |2009; Afọ 17 gara aga <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2009</span>)&nbsp;</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230311142103/http://www.gargaarhospital.net/ gargaarhospital.net]</span> |} E hiwere '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gargaar Multi-speciality''' na 2009. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche, nke dị na Hargeisa, Somaliland'''.''' na 2009. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ onwe onye nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ pụrụ iche, nke dị na Hargeisa, [[Somaliland]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gargaarhospital.net/aboutus.html|title=About Gargaar Multi-speciality Hospital|accessdate=28 January 2020|archivedate=15 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715212824/http://gargaarhospital.net/aboutus.html}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Hargeisa Group * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ịmụ Nwa nke Edna Adan * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Hargeisa nke Canada == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e2isd7jleepwyv3a42kdkmz3qjfju11 0 76771 688179 672837 2026-07-15T04:11:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688179 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Metọdist nke Ganta United |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[United Methodist Church|Chọọchị United Methodist]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q5521512"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q5521512"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-8.965,7.237777777777778],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Ganta United Methodist Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Ganta]], Nimba County, [[Liberia]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganta_United_Methodist_Hospital&params=7_14_16_N_8_57_54_W_type:landmark_region:GN_dim:600 <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°14′16′′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°57′54′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.23778°N 8.96500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.23778; -8.96500</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganta_United_Methodist_Hospital&params=7_14_16_N_8_57_54_W_type:landmark_region:GN_dim:600 <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°14′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°57′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.23778°N 8.96500°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">7.23778; -8.96500</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1926 |} Ganta United Methodist Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Ganta, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Liberia]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-ejere ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka 450,000 ozi na Liberia na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu.<ref name=":0" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ bụ Dr. George Way Harley na nwunye ya Winifred guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1926. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429113842/http://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ mechiri mgbe nnukwu mmebi site na mpụ na mwakpo rọket n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2003, mana meghere ya ọzọ na Machị 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-03-12|title=Help Revive Health Services at Ganta Hospital in Liberia|url=http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=General Board of Global Ministry|archivedate=2005-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312003607/http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/}}</ref> == Ikike == Na afọ 2005, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ndị dọkịta abụọ, dọkịta anya, na dọkịta izugbe bụ́ ndị na-awa ahụ. Ọrụ ndị ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nyere gụnyere ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-anaghị aga ebe ọzọ, ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka, na ọrụ ụlọ nyocha. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ Anya Project ya na ndị otu ndị na-aga ebe ahụ nwere jeep iji kpọta ndị ọrịa maka ịwa ahụ dịka iwepụ cataract.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Service Delivery Statistics – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=2|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321175042/https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=2}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa [[Ekpenta]] na [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]], ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ọrụ aka, na ugbo ngosi. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Liberia == Edensibịa == <references /> [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1icy77eqnqcgifldplgaf6nn7ug5biw 0 76814 688208 656138 2026-07-15T11:15:29Z Chijioke2010 62489 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355964068|Joseph Akahan]]" 688208 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder|name=Joseph Akahan|honorific_prefix=[[Colonel]]|image=|width=150px|office1=[[Chief of Army Staff (Nigeria)|Chief of Army Staff]]|termstart1=August 1966|termend1=May 1968|predecessor1=[[Yakubu Gowon]]|successor1=[[Hassan Katsina]]|birth_date=12 April 1937|birth_place=[[Gboko]] LGA, [[British Nigeria]]|death_date={{Death date and age |May 1968 |12 April 1937}}|party=|education=|allegiance={{flag|Nigeria}}|branch={{Army|Nigeria}}|rank=[[File:Nigeria-Army-OF-5.svg|20px]] [[Colonel]]|battles=* [[Congo Crisis]] * [[Nigerian Civil War]]}}Joseph Akahan (Abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1937 – Mee n'afọ 1968), onye ezigbo aha ya bụ Joseph Akaahan Agbo, bụ onye isi agha Naịjirịa ma bụrụkwa Chief of Army Staff site n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1967 ruo Mee n'afọ 1968, mgbe o gburu n'ihe mberede helikopta n'oge Agha Obodo Naịjirịa. == Ọmụmụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Akahan na nsonso abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1937, na Gọọmenti Local Area nke Gboko dị na Benue State. O jere na Government College Keffi ebe ọ nwetara asambodo Cambridge School Certificate ya (1952–1956). Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ dịka 'officer cadet' na RWAFF Training School Teshi, Ghana (1957–1958) yana na Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, United Kingdom (1958–1960). E nyere ya ọkwa ('commissioned') na abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1960. == Ọrụ agha == Akahan jere ozi na ndị agha Naịjirịa (Nigerian Contingent) n'oge ọrụ idowe udo nke United Nations na Congo. Na ntopute ọchịchị (coup) nke ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1966 nke wetara Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi n'ọkwa ọchịchị, bataliọn nke anọ (4th battalion) nke dabeere na Ibadan—nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị mgbago ugwu—turu onyeisi ndị agha ha, e wee jiri onye Igbo, Major Nzefili, dochie ya. Ndị isi agha si mgbago ugwu jụrụ ikwenyere ya, nke a mere ka Aguiyi-Ironsi manyere onwe ya iji Major Joe Akahan, onye Tiv si mgbago ugwu, dochie ya. Akahan so n'otu n'ime ndị isi na ntopute ọchịchị megidoro nke mbụ (counter-coup) n'afọ 1966, ebe e gburu Aguiyi-Ironsi ma jiri General Yakubu Gowon dochie ya, yana ebe e nwere ogbugbu nke igwe mmadụ emere ndị isi agha Igbo na bataliọn nke anọ dị na Ibadan n'okpuru ọchịchị Akahan. Mgbe ntopute ọchịchị ahụ gasịrị, ọ sịrị na ogbugbu ọ bụla agaghị adịkwa ọzọ site n'aka ndị agha mgbago ugwu "be ihe omume niile emechiela nhata ugbu a". A họpụtara Akahan dịka Chief of Army Staff n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1967, obere oge tupu agha obodo Naịjirịa (Nigerian Civil War) tiwapụ. E kwuru na ọ bụ ya chere echiche n'azụ atụmatụ ọgụ nke sitere n'elu mmiri (sea-borne operations) nke Lt. Colonel Benjamin Adekunle nọ n'ihu ya, nke mere na ha weghaara Bonny n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1967. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'ihe mberede helikopta n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1968, General Hassan Katsina nọchiri ya dịka COAS. E jiri aha ya gụọ Joe Akahan Barracks, nke dị na Makurdi, isi obodo steeti ya (Benue) na ebe mbụ e siri nọrọ rụọ ọrụ n'oge agha obodo ahụ. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}}{{Chiefs Of Army Staff (COAS) Nigeria}}'''Onye Isi Ndị Agha Naịjirịa (Chief of Army Staff)''' bụ onye kachasị dika onyeisi na-achịkwa ndị agha ala (Nigerian Army). [[Otú:Ndị ihe mberede helikopta gburu.]] i1prz6i1h889ouox3j0tjeqfpy5bx59 0 76827 688177 656205 2026-07-15T03:55:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Hargeisa Group Hospital|org_group=|image=|image_alt=|caption=|pushpin_map=|coordinates=|pushpin_map_caption=|logo=Hargeisa Group Hospital logo.svg|logo_size=|location=[[Hargeisa]]|region=[[Woqooyi Galbeed|Marodi-Jeeh]]|state=|country=Somaliland|healthcare=|funding=Government Funded|type=General|speciality=|standards=|emergency=Yes|affiliation=|network=|beds=400|founded=1953|closed=<!-- optional -->|website=}} E guzobere '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Òtù Hargeisa''' na 1953. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ihe ndina 400, nke dị na Hargeisa <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://somthesis.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/sanitation-and-solid-waste-in-hargeisa-group-hosppital|title=Sanitation and Solid waste in Hargeisa Group Hosppital|accessdate=28 January 2020}}</ref> bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze kachasị ukwuu na Somaliland, ma na-enye ndị ọrịa obodo ahụ ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/somalia/hargeisa-group-hospital/|title=Hargeisa Group Hospital - Fortune of Africa|accessdate=28 January 2020|archivedate=28 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128193725/https://fortuneofafrica.com/somalia/hargeisa-group-hospital/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ n'afọ 1953. == Ngalaba == * Ịmụ nwa * Mberede * Ezé * Ọgwụ Anya * Ọgwụ Ụmụaka * Ịwa Ahụ * Ọgwụ Ime * Ọgwụ Nephrology * Ọgwụ Ọkpụkpụ * Ọgwụ Ahụ * == Hụkwa == * Ministri ahụike (Somaliland) * [[Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gargaar Multispeciality]] * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Hargeisa nke Canada == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] dii4xwrci3uhxf9hqy7ussicxhqqylt 0 76938 688180 672842 2026-07-15T04:24:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688180 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name="auto">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm Roman Catholic Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm |date=2009-08-15 }} Roman Catholic Church of Namibia</ref> {{Infobox hospital|name=The '''Roman Catholic Hospital'''|caption=|location=[[Windhoek]]|type=Government-run hospital|founded=1907|helipad=No|emergency=Yes|beds=87 beds in 2007.<ref name="auto">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm Roman Catholic Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm |date=2009-08-15 }} Roman Catholic Church of Namibia</ref>|healthcare=private|affiliation=[[Finnish Missionary Society]]|country=Namibia|website=}} The '''Roman Catholic Hospital''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe dị na Windhoek, Namibia nke Chọọchị Katọlik na-achịkwa. Ụlọ Ọgwụ Roman Katọlik nke Benedictine Missionary Sisters nke Tutzing hiwere na 1907, nwere akwa 87 na 2007.<ref name="roman">{{Cite web|title=High-quality nursing and care|url=http://www2.drapilux.com/en/marke_menschen/hospital-windhoek.php?PHPSESSID=go3lma2eo4u7lh4qisiibhfp70|publisher=drapilux.com|accessdate=23 October 2013|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060916/http://www2.drapilux.com/en/marke_menschen/hospital-windhoek.php?PHPSESSID=go3lma2eo4u7lh4qisiibhfp70}}</ref><ref name="africa">{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Jana-Mari|title=Namibia: RC Hospital Makes History|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201104070288.html|publisher=allafrica.com|accessdate=23 October 2013}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|-22.5641|17.0820|type:landmark_region:NA}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] rwbgxrhynobn3bnx4nq31ydgbudjrvn 0 76975 688181 657606 2026-07-15T04:36:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=St Anne's Hospital|org_group=[[Little Company of Mary]]|image=|caption=|logo=<!-- optional -->|location=[[Harare]]|region=[[Mashonaland]]|state=|country=Zimbabwe|healthcare=Private owned|type=[[COVID-19]] response center|speciality=<!-- Only if especially notable -->|emergency=No|affiliation=[[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Ministry of Health and Child Care (Zimbabwe)]]|beds=165|founded=1941|closed=<!-- optional -->|website=|other_links=<!-- optional -->|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_caption=|coordinates=}} St Anne's Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ Roman Katọlik dị na Harare, [[Zimbabwe]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mohcc.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=392:st-anne-s-harare-hospital-officially-re-opened&catid=84&Itemid=435|title=Ministry of Health and Child Care - St Anne's Harare hospital officially re-opened.|work=www.mohcc.gov.zw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mk0biznewspnpsk9lrfl.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Covid-19.jpg|title=Covid-19 Testing At St Anne's Hospital In Harare|accessdate=2026-06-25|archivedate=2021-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712084328/https://mk0biznewspnpsk9lrfl.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Covid-19.jpg}}</ref> E hiwere ụlọ ọgwụ St Anne n'afọ 1941 site n'aka ụmụnne nwanyị Katọlik nke Little Company of Mary. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere akwa 165 na ụlọ ihe nkiri isii dị n'ụlọ elu atọ. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ nke Fred Mtandah's CAPS Holdings, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na Zimbabwe <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/caps-to-raise-us15m-for-recapitalisation/|title=CAPS to raise US$15m for recapitalisation|work=The Herald}}</ref> site na 2004 ruo Febụwarị 2016 mgbe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ mechiri maka imezigharị mgbe esemokwu iwu ụfọdụ n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ Katọlik na CAPS Holdments. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2016/02/st-annes-hospital-faces-closure/|title=St Annes Hospital faces closure|date=February 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-health-byo-84951.html|title=St Anne's Hospital in Harare shuts down|work=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, e meghere Ụlọ Ọgwụ St Anne dị ka ebe nzaghachi COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/st-annes-hospital-seals-coronavirus-response-centre-deal/|title=St Anne's Hospital seals coronavirus response centre deal|work=The Herald}}</ref> Na June 2021, e meghere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ maka nnabata na ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa COVID na ndị na-abụghị COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/govt-committed-to-work-with-private-players/|title=Govt committed to work with private players|work=The Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2021/06/08/government-officially-reopens-st-annes-hospital/|title=Government Officially Reopens St Anne's Hospital|date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ụlọọgwụ ndị nwanyị na gburugburu Zimbabwe nke gụnyere Mt St Mary's Hospital na Wedza District, St Peter's Mission Hospital dị na Checheche, Murambinda Mission Hospital na Buhera na Mashambanzou Care Trust na Harare. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] q22x3hh2k0mcmaxsk3nltbggwsb88mz 0 76977 688186 672846 2026-07-15T04:52:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688186 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụaka Shoe4Africa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |Shoe4Africa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Shoe4Africa Children's Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q18378355"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Shoe4Africa Children's Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q18378355"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[35.28014,0.510175],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Shoe4Africa Children's Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Eldoret]], [[Uasin Gishu County]], Kenya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shoe4Africa_Children%27s_Hospital&params=0.510175_N_35.28014_E_region:KEN_scale:2000_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°30′37′′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°16′49′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.510175°N 35.280140°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.510175; 35.280140</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shoe4Africa_Children%27s_Hospital&params=0.510175_N_35.28014_E_region:KEN_scale:2000_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°30′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°16′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.510175°N 35.280140°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">0.510175; 35.280140</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ọrụ Ahụike Ọha |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ịkụzi ihe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mahadum jikọtara ya</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ozizi na Ntụziaka Moi (MTRH) |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Àkwà | class="infobox-data" |200 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ihe pụrụ iche | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |Ọgọst 12, 2015 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://shoe4africa.org/our-hospital/ shoe4africa.org/ọgwụ anyị/]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Kenya |} [[Faịlụ:Early_Construction_Progress.jpg|thumb|Ọganihu Mbido nke Ihe owuwu]] <nowiki><b>ụlọ ọgwụ</b></nowiki> '''Ụmụaka Shoe4Africa''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze maka ụmụaka na Eldoret, Kenya. E wuru ya na 2015. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ raara nye maka ụmụaka ọha na eze na East na Central Africa., <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shoe4Africa Children's Hospital|work=www.mtrh.go.ke/|url=https://www.mtrh.go.ke/?page_id=285|date=2020-02-13|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref> na nke abụọ na Sub-Saharan Africa, mgbe Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital na [[Cape Town]], nke e guzobere na 1956. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ nnukwu ọrụ nke Shoe4Africa, ọrụ ebere dị na [[Nú Yọk|New York]] nke lekwasịrị anya na ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://shoe4africa.org/who-are-we/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe owuwu ya furu ihe dịka ijeri shilling abụọ nke Kenya ma jiri onyinye sitere n'aka ndị ama ama na mba ụwa, gụnyere Cristiano Ronaldo, Anthony Edwards, na Natalie Portman. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Charity to build Sh2 billion Eldoret children’s hospital|url=https://shoe4africa.org/web_archive/archive/s4a_00111.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814093046/https://shoe4africa.org/web_archive/archive/s4a_00111.pdf|archivedate=2021-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Celebrities unite to build biggest children's public hospital in Africa|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/celebrities-unite-to-build-biggest-children-s-public-hospital-in-africa-996274|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụaka Shoe4Africa na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Moi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Hospital|url=https://shoe4africa.org/our-hospital/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụlọọgwụ Moi Teaching and Referral, ụlọọgwụ mba nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Kenya, na-achịkwa ya, nke e wuru n'elu ala gọọmentị nwere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-01-02|title=SHOE4AFRICA CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL|url=https://www.mtrh.go.ke/?page_id=285|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marie Buitendyk|title=Impact of free maternity services on outcomes related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya: a retrospective analysis|journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth|date=2023-02-06|volume=23|issue=98|doi=10.1186/s12884-023-05381-3|pmid=36747137}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule 2024, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-agwọ ihe karịrị ndị ọrịa 430 na ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrịa kwa ụbọchị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Hospital|url=https://shoe4africa.org/our-hospital/|accessdate=2025-01-06|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe owuwu na mgbasawanye == Iwu ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ malitere na 2013 ma wuchaa ya na August 12, 2015. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere àkwà 105 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Lay|first=Kelsey|date=29 January 2016|title=Shoe4Africa Improves Healthcare and Education for Kids|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/shoe4africa-reduces-poverty-through-health-awareness/|accessdate=5 November 2024|publisher=Borgen Magazine}}</ref> na mbido, na ego gbasaa ruo àkwà 150 site na 2018. <ref name=":0" /> Iwu ụlọ kichin a raara nye n'akụkụ ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka malitere na 2016 iji nye ndị ọrịa na-adịghị edozi ahụ. N'afọ 2018, a gbakwunyere ogige [[basketball]] maka ndị ọrịa na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-20|title=Keitany, Tanser offers Christmas gifts to hospitalised children, opens basketball court – DAILY SPORT|url=http://dailysport.co.ke/2018/12/24/keitany-tanser-offers-christmas-gifts-to-hospilised-children-opens-basketball-court/|accessdate=2024-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920081211/http://dailysport.co.ke/2018/12/24/keitany-tanser-offers-christmas-gifts-to-hospilised-children-opens-basketball-court/|archivedate=2020-09-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. 2020-09-20. Archived from on 20 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọrụ ebere ahụ kwupụtara na oghere [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ga-eso iji nyere ụmụaka aka imezigharị, na Mee 2019, emeghe oghere bọl AstroTurf. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, a gbakwunyere klas Kuunga Mkono n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ na Kenya nwere klas ụmụaka n'ime ụlọ ya. N'ihi mmụba a, Shoe4Africa kwupụtara na ọ gwọrọ onye ọrịa nke nde ya na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/athletics/philanthropist-athletes-take-christmas-cheer-to-shoe4africa-kids--4054022/|title=Philanthropist, athletes take Christmas cheer to Shoe4Africa kids|date=December 13, 2022|work=nation.africa.com|author=Rotich|first=Bernard|accessdate=13 December 2022}}</ref> == Ihe owuwu ndị a haziri == [[Faịlụ:HarryJDyer.jpg|thumb]] Iwu nke Harry J. Dyer Burns Unit, ebe a na-eme atụmatụ maka ịgwọ ọkụ, malitere na Disemba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-23|title=Construction in action|url=https://shoe4africa.org/construction-in-action/|accessdate=2025-05-14|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, e bidoro iwu ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka Shoe4Africa Juli Anne Perry, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka nwere ihe ndina 152 iji mee ka oghere dị n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ihe ndina 30 dịkwuo mma na Jenụwarị 2024. Mgbe emechara ya, ọ ga-adị n'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 0irkb511dcg3hat3acwgs931jx5q8hx 0 77246 688166 673407 2026-07-15T00:50:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688166 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Wouri_estuary_1850.svg|thumb|Map eserese nke ọnụ mmiri Wouri na osimiri, na-egosi ebe obibi Duala n'ihe dị ka 1850]] Osimiri Wouri, ma ọ bụ ọdụ mmiri Cameroon, bụ nnukwu ọdụ mmiri dị na Kameroon ebe ọtụtụ osimiri na-ezukọta, na-asọba n'ime Osimiri Biafra. Douala, obodo kachasị ukwuu na Kamerun, dị n'ọnụ Osimiri Wouri ebe ọ na-abanye n'ọnụ mmiri. Osimiri ahụ nwere oke ọhịa mangrove buru ibu, nke mmetọ na nrụgide ndị mmadụ na-emebi. == Mmiri na-amụ banyere mmiri == [[Faịlụ:Bundesarchiv_Bild_163-149,_Kamerun,_Dimbamba.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Osimiri Dibamba, nke na-asọba n'ọnụ mmiri ahụ (1903) ]] Osimiri ahụ dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Kamerọn ma banye n'ime Ọwara Biafra. Osimiri Mungo, Wouri na Dibamba na-azụ ya. Osimiri ahụ dị na Douala Basin, ala dị larịị nke dị ihe dị ka mita 30 (ụkwụ 98) n'ọkwa oke osimiri, yana ọtụtụ iyi mmiri, ájá na ọdọ mmiri.{{sfn|Yerima|Van Ranst|2005|p=135}} Akuku mmiri dị n'ime mmiri nke a na-akpọ Plio-Pleistocene, usoro dị n'ọtụtụ oyi akwa nwere usoro ájá mmiri na apịtị estuarine ájá dị n'okpuru osimiri na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu ma bụrụkwa isi iyi dị mkpa maka mmiri olulu mmiri. Mmiri dị n'elu nke dị na sistemụ a bụ ájá dị n'akụkụ nke na-enweghị ihe mgbochi nke jikọtara ya na mmiri dị nro nke osimiri na ala mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.{{sfn|Xu|Usher|2006|p=48}} [[Faịlụ:Embouchure_du_Wouri.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọnụ mmiri dị n'ọnụ Osimiri Wouri]] Mmiri mmiri ozuzo n'ọnụ ọnụ osimiri ahụ dị mita 2.8 (ụkwụ 9.2). Mmiri ozuzo sitere na milimita 4,000 (inchi 160) ruo milimita 5,000 (inchi 200) kwa afọ. Nnu dị obere nke ukwuu, ọkachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Nnu dị n'elu ala nke 0.4% bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Douala n'afọ niile.{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=466}} Osimiri Mungo na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ obere ọwa mmiri ndị na-abanye n'ime ogige mmiri ahụ.{{sfn|Yerima|Van Ranst|2005|p=144}} Mmiri mmiri dị n'ime mmiri ahụ na-aga ruo kilomita iri anọ (maịlụ iri abụọ na ise) n'elu Mungo. N'akụkụ a nke osimiri ahụ, a na-ahụ nnukwu larịị na ájá n'akụkụ ya mgbe mmiri dị ala.{{sfn|Flemming|Delafontaine|Liebezeit|2000|p=225}} Ebili mmiri ahụ metụtara Wouri ruo kilomita iri anọ na ise (maịlụ iri abụọ na asatọ) n'elu Douala, ya na nnukwu oke ọhịa mmiri dị n'akụkụ osimiri ya n'akụkụ a dum.{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=466}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri ahụ, ugwu ugwu Kamerun jupụtara n'ugbo unere. N'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, ala mmiri dị n'ime ala ndị dị na maịlụ ise (maịlụ atọ na ọkara) obosara na-akwado osisi mangrove ahụ. Otu nnukwu apịtị mmiri dị n'etiti Muyuka na Dibombari nwere hekta 7,500 (eka 19,000).{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=466}} E nwere ụfọdụ ebe ọhịa apịtị na-adịgide adịgide n'osimiri Dibamba, mana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ka ewepụla ma wụpụ mmiri maka ịkụ osisi nkwụ. A naghị echebe anụmanụ ndị dị n'osimiri ahụ nke ọma; Manatee Afrịka (Trichechus senegalensis) kacha nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ.{{sfn|Cameroon: Ramsar}} == Anụmanụ na osisi == [[Faịlụ:Mbea_towé_(_crevette).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Cameroon ghost shrimp, nke mba ahụ si nweta aha ya]] Osimiri ahụ bụ ebe mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'etiti ụdị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ.{{sfn|Ninan|2009|p=374}} Apịtị na ọhịa mangrove bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ nnụnụ mmiri, ha bụkwa ebe a na-azụ azụ, oporo na anụ ọhịa ndị ọzọ. A pụrụ ịkpọ ha ala mmiri dị mkpa n'ụwa niile dịka iwu si dị n'okpuru nkwekọrịta Ramsar.{{sfn|Napoleon|2007}} Osimiri ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke oporo mmụọ Cameroon, nke na-agbagharị mgbe ụfọdụ ka ọ bụrụ ìgwè mmadụ buru ibu. N'oge ndị a, ndị mmadụ na-ejide oke ibu, na-eri ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ na-akpọ ha nkụ maka ojiji ma emechaa, ma na-eme mmanụ azụ site n'aka ndị ikom.{{sfn|Holthuis}}{{efn|The country takes its name from the shrimp. Portuguese explorers named the estuary ''Rio dos Camarãos'' (shrimp river), and this name evolved into the modern "Cameroon".{{sfn|Anyangwe|2009|p=4}}}} E nwere oke ọhịa mangrove dị hekta 188,000 (eka 460,000) n'ime oke osimiri ahụ. Nnukwu osisi mangrove dị kilomita iri abụọ n'ime omimi n'akụkụ ugwu ahụ, nke dị kilomita iri atọ na ise (maịlụ iri abụọ na abụọ) n'elu osimiri ahụ. Bodeaka Bay na Moukouchou Bay gbawara ọhịa mangrove ahụ, bụ́ ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị obosara site n'apịtị ahụ. N'akụkụ ndịda nke osimiri ahụ, mangrove na-agbasa site na Douala ruo Point Soulelaba, njedebe nke mmiri nke kewara osimiri ahụ na oké osimiri. Osimiri Dibamba na Monaka Bay na Island kewara ala mangrove ndị a.{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=466}} Ihe dị ka hekta 15,000 (eka 37,000) nke ọhịa mangrove dị n'ime Mouanko Reserve, nke sitere na nsọtụ ndịda nke osimiri ruo n'ọnụ Osimiri Sanaga.{{sfn|Cameroon: Ramsar}} Osisi mangrove nke a na-akpọ Rhizophora racemosa, nke mejupụtara ihe karịrị 90% nke osisi mangrove na Cameroon, ruru elu mita 40 (130 ft) n'ụsọ oké osimiri Wouri.{{sfn|Spalding|Kainuma|Collins|2010|p=243}} Nypa fruticans, ụdị osisi pụrụ iche e si mba ndị dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na-abata na Naịjirịa, agbasaala ngwa ngwa, ndị obodo ahụ gbara ha ume.{{sfn|Saenger|2002|p=93}} Oke ọhịa mangrove bụ isi iyi osisi dị mkpa maka ime arịa ụlọ na ogige, maka imi azụ na maka mmanụ ọkụ. A na-eji akwụkwọ osisi Nypa frutican eme mgbidi na elu ụlọ.{{sfn|Atheull|Din|Longonje|Koedam|2009|p=1}} Ahịhịa mangrove na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe nchekwa, na-echebe ụsọ oké osimiri megide mmetụta kachasị njọ nke oké ifufe.{{sfn|Ninan|2009|p=374}} Agbanyeghị, enweghị njikwa dị irè na osisi mangrove, a gbukwara oke ọhịa n'ụsọ oké osimiri Wouri.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=228}} == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:Duala_ethnic_groups.png|thumb|Map na-egosi ebe agbụrụ dị iche iche dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Cameroon dị gburugburu ọnụ mmiri ahụ]] Ọdọ mmiri ahụ abụrụla ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche dịka ndị mmadụ Duala gburugburu ọnụ osimiri Wouri, Ndị Limba dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na gburugburu ọnụ Osimiri Sanaga, ndị Mungo dị n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri ahụ na ndị Isubu dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Ndị a biri ndụ site n'ọrụ ugbo na ịkụ azụ̀.{{sfn|Austen|Derrick|1999|p=6}} Onye nchọpụta mbụ nke ndị Pọtugal, Fernando Po, rutere n'ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ n'afọ 1472. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị ahịa si Portugal na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Yuropu sochiri ya.{{sfn|Njoh|2003|p=75}} Ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ ghọrọ ndị na-azụ ahịa n'etiti ndị mmadụ, na-ebuga ngwongwo ndị Yurop gaa n'ógbè ndị dị n'ime ime obodo site n'iji ụgbọ mmiri na-ebughachi ọdụ́, ndị ohu na ihe ndị e ji aka kpụọ.{{sfn|Austen|Derrick|1999|p=6}} E si n'ebe ugwu Bamenda Grassfields nweta Ivory.{{sfn|Behrendt|Duke|Latham|Northrup|2010|p=93}} Azụmahịa ohu malitere na narị afọ nke 18, ọ bụkwa ọrụ akụ na ụba dị mkpa ka ọ na-erule afọ 1750.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=204}} E si n'ogige ahịhịa kpọta ndị ohu e jidere n'agha Chamba site n'Osimiri Mungo, e sikwa na Wouri kpọta ndị ohu si n'obodo Nun-Mbam gaa n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ndị Dutch bụ ndị kacha azụrụ ndị ohu n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'etiti narị afọ nke 18.{{sfn|Ogot|1992|p=528}} Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1830, azụmaahịa ohu dara ada n'ihi mbelata ọchịchọ sitere na United States na ntaramahụhụ site n'aka ndị Britain nke dị n'agwaetiti Fernando Po.{{sfn|Sundiata|1996|pp=31-32}} Ka ọ na-erule etiti narị afọ nke 19, mmanụ nkwụ na mkpụrụ osisi nkwụ abụrụla ihe ndị bụ isi e ji azụ ahịa.{{sfn|Lynn|2002|p=63}} [[Faịlụ:Bell_Town_beach,_Duala,_Cameroons_River,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ụsọ mmiri nke osimiri Wouri na Belltown, nke bụzi akụkụ nke Douala, na 1886]] Ndị Duala bụ ndị ahịa kacha elu. Ha gbochiri ndị Yuropu ịbanye n'ime obodo ma wulite netwọk azụmaahịa dị irè.{{sfn|Lynn|2002|p=63}} Ndị Duala jiri njikọ alụmdi na nwunye na ndị bi n'ime obodo mee ka a tụkwasị ha obi, ebe ụmụ nke alụmdi na nwunye ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị nnọchi anya ha.{{sfn|Lynn|2002|p=70}} Mgbe Eze Bell na Eze Akwa nke Duala rịọrọ ya, e tinyere ala mmiri ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Jamanị n'afọ 1884, wee ghọọ isi obodo nke Kamerun.{{sfn|von Joeden-Forgey|2002|p=59}} Ndị Jamani ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa ikike ha n'akụkụ osimiri na nnukwu ala Kamerun ruo afọ iri abụọ na ise.{{sfn|Anyangwe|2009|p=4}} Ná mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na 1914, ndị Britain si Naịjirịa merie ọchịchị obodo ahụ. Na 1916, e kewara Kamerun, ndị Britain weghaara ala ndị ahụ n'ọdịda anyanwụ nke Mungo, ndị French weghaara ala ndị ahụ n'ọwụwa anyanwụ.{{sfn|Anyangwe|2009|p=4}} N'afọ 1920, ndị France mere ka akụrụngwa ha ka mma, na-egwupụta ala mmiri iji mee ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Douala dịkwuo mma ma na-ewughachi ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị jikọtara obodo ahụ na ime obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Thomas|2005|p=39}} Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, ndị France wuru àkwà mmiri okporo ụzọ/ụgbọ okporo ígwè gafee osimiri Wouri, na-ejikọ Douala na Bonaberi, mee ka ọwa mmiri ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dịkwuo omimi, gbanwere Bonaberi ka ọ bụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri unere ma gbasaa ikike ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Douala ruo tọn 900,000, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke atọ kachasị na ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka.{{sfn|Atangana|2009|p=43}} Ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ jikọtara ọnụ na 1961 mgbe e si n'ógbè French na ndịda nke ebe ndị Britain bi mepụta steeti Cameroon nke oge a. Ebe obibi mbụ nke ndị Duala n'ọnụ osimiri Wouri - Belltown, Akwatown, Bonapriso, Deido na Bonaberi - obodo Douala, obodo nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ atọ, nke ugbu a nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-ebi n'ógbè nke ya. Akụrụngwa dịka okporo ụzọ, mmiri, nsị mmiri na ọkụ eletrik adịghị mma, ebe ụfọdụ adịghịkwa adị. Ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya na-arụ ọrụ maka obere ụgwọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.{{sfn|Simone|2005|pp=214ff}} Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Douala nwere oke ikike n'ihi na ọ dị n'akụkụ osimiri Wouri, nke na-ebu nnukwu ihe ndị dị n'ime ala ma chọọ ka a na-egwupụta ya mgbe niile.{{sfn|U.S. Geological Survey|2010|p=5.12}} N'èzí obodo ahụ, ebe obibi ndị dị na mpaghara osimiri ahụ bụ obodo nta ndị a na-enweta naanị site na mmiri. == Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi == [[Faịlụ:Street_vendor_in_Douala,_Cameroon_061119-F-0560B-210.jpg|thumb|Onye na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá na Douala]] Mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na mmụba nke mmetọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ, ọrụ ugbo na ezinụlọ, nke na-eyi ma ihe ọkụkụ azụ̀ na ahụike mmadụ egwu.{{sfn|Gabche|Smith|2007}} Isi ihe ndị na-akpata mmetọ gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta mmanụ, njikwa ahụhụ na koko, kọfị na unere, ma na-emefusị mmanụ organic site na njem ala, ụlọ ọrụ nhazi na mmepụta ọkụ eletrik.{{sfn|Sama|1996}} A na-ahapụkwa ọtụtụ nsị mmiri nke mmadụ na-emepụta n'ime osimiri mmiri na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Akụrụngwa gọọmentị maka ijikwa mmetọ agbasasịala, adịghị ike ma na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ego dịkwa oke ụkọ.{{sfn|Munde}} Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi ihe dị mkpa n'akụnụba Cameroon. A naghị achịkwa ọgwụ nje, ha na-emekwa ka mmetọ ghara ịdị. A ka na-eji ọgwụ nje ndị a machibidoro iwu kemgbe ebe ọzọ, ma ọ bụ a na-edebe ha n'ebe a na-echekwa ihe ndị na-agbapụta mmiri.{{sfn|Munde}} Ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ na-amụbawanye na mmepụta nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-ebuga n'ahịa dịka kọfị, koko, unere, mmanụ nkwụ na owu, site na iji ọgwụ nje na fatịlaịza ndị e si mba ọzọ bịa. A na-ejikarị fatịlaịza eme ihe dị ka urea, ammonia, na phosphorus. Ọgwụ nje ndị a na-etinye na ha bụ DDT na ihe ndị ọzọ sitere na organohalogen.{{sfn|Sama|1996}} Ihe dị ka pasentị iri itoolu na ise nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị na Kamerun dị na Douala ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya. A na-ewepụta ihe mkpofu mmiri ha n'ime osimiri mmiri na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla.{{sfn|Munde}} Mpaghara ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke dị na Bassa nke Douala na-akwụsị site na nhazi iyi mmiri nke Osimiri Dibamba, na-ewepụta ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ. A na-eji ngwa ngwa eburu ala mmiri ndị ahụ, a chọpụtakwala ọtụtụ n'ime ha, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ihe ndị na-emetọ ha. [[Faịlụ:Douala_harbor.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Douala na 2008]] Mpaghara Bonaberi nke Douala, nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị 500,000 na-amụba ngwa ngwa, na-egosi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi n'obodo ukwu. Ihe karịrị pasentị iri asaa na ise nke Bonaberi dị mita abụọ (ụkwụ isii na ọkara) karịa oke osimiri. Ebe ala pere mpe, ndị ogbenye abanyela n'ime ala mmiri. Ruo afọ 2002, oke ọhịa dị n'apịtị mangrove, nke gụnyere osisi nkwụ ndị mara mma, na-anwụ n'ihi mmepe obodo. Ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị dị n'ala e kpochara akpụcha adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ha enweghịkwa mmiri mmiri zuru oke. Ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-adịghị agba agba bụ ebe a na-azụlite ọrịa. Mkpofu mmadụ na nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-agwụ na ọwa mmiri nke Wouri, na-ebelata ọsọ mmiri ya. Idei mmiri na mmiri ndị na-abata n'oké osimiri nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị elu site na mita abụọ (6.6 ft) ruo mita ise (16 ft) n'ime nkeji ole na ole, na-ebibi ụlọ ma na-asa nsị mmiri n'ime olulu mmiri. Ọrịa ndị a na-ebute site na mmiri dịka typhus na ọnyụnyụ ọbara bụ ihe ndị na-akpata ọnwụ.{{sfn|McInnes|Jakeways|2002|pp=143ff}} [[Faịlụ:Wouri.jpg|thumb|Ndị ọkụ azụ na Wouri]] Ịkụ azụ dị oke mkpa nye mba Kamerọn n'ụzọ akụ na ụba, ebe a na-ejide ihe dị ka tọn 40,000 kwa afọ, nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ya ka a na-ebupụ. Na 1994, e zigara azụ̀ ruru nde dọla US$60 na Yuropu, ụzọ atọ n'ime ha sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ azụ̀ iri na abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.{{sfn|Sama|1996}} Ihe dị ka pasentị iri anọ nke ndị ọrụ nọ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Kamerun bụ ndị na-akụ azụ oge niile na-enweghị aha.{{sfn|Ninan|2009|p=374}} Azụ na-enye ihe dị ka pasentị iri anọ na anọ nke protein dị na nri ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ. mangrove nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ ebe a na-amị ọkụtụ ụdị azụ̀ azụmaahịa, mana a naghị echebe ha. Ebe a na-akụ azụ̀ mangrove ka na-ebelata, ọnụọgụgụ azụ̀ na-ebelatakwa nke ukwuu. Ọkwa nke ihe ndị na-emebi ihe ndị dị ndụ na-adịgide adịgide n'ime azụ̀ ahụ na-arị elu.{{sfn|Munde}} Nnyocha e mere na 1991 gosiri na oke DDT na PCB dị n'azụ, oporo na oysters dị n'ógbè Douala.{{sfn|Calamari|1994|pp=76-77}} Mmetọ dị ukwuu nke ígwè dị arọ dịka mercury, lead na cadmium bụkwa ihe na-akpata nsogbu.{{sfn|Munde}} == Mmanụ nwere ike ime == O yiri ka e nwere ike imepụta mmanụ na gas. Blọk Matanda dị n'ọkara ugwu nke osimiri na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu emeela atụmatụ na a ga-echekwa ihe dị n'etiti gbọmgbọm nde iri isii ruo narị atọ. Ọrụ nchọpụta nke Gulf Oil mere ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga gosiri na mmepụta nke gbọmgbọm nde anọ kwa afọ nwere ike ime.{{sfn|Hilyard|2008|p=214}} Na Eprel afọ 2008, otu ụlọ ọrụ dị n'okpuru ala nke ụlọ ọrụ Switzerland Glencore International AG na Afex Global Limited bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ steeti Cameroon maka ọrụ nchọpụta nke ruru nde dọla iri atọ na asatọ na mpaghara nke dị square kilomita 1,187 (458 sq mi), nke Badel Ndanga Ndinga, Minista nke Ụlọ Ọrụ, Mines na Mmepe Teknụzụ kwadoro.{{sfn|Glencore - Entrepreneur 2008}} == Edensibia == ;Ihe ndetu {{notelist}} ;Ntụaka {{reflist|colwidth=24em|refs=}} ;Isi mmalite {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OYUcP8ccwAC&pg=PA4 |title=Betrayal of too trusting a people: the UN, the UK and the trust territory of the Southern Cameroons |first=Carlson |last=Anyangwe |publisher=African Books Collective |year=2009 |isbn=978-9956-558-81-0}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYsBSDyFEEgC&pg=PA43 |title=French investment in colonial Cameroon: the FIDES era (1946-1957) |first=Martin-René |last=Atangana |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4331-0464-0}} *{{cite journal |pmid=19919680 |journal=Ethnobiol Ethnomed |date=2009-11-17 |title=Commercial activities and subsistence utilization of mangrove forests around the Wouri estuary and the Douala-Edea reserve (Cameroon). |last1=Atheull |first1=AN |last2=Din |first2=N |last3=Longonje |first3=SN |last4=Koedam |first4=N |last5=Dahdouh-Guebas |first5=F |doi=10.1186/1746-4269-5-35 |volume=5 |pmc=2785752 |pages=35 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcsuSIVR0S8C&pg=PA6 |title=Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers: the Duala and their hinterland, c.1600-c.1960 |first1=Ralph A. |last1=Austen |first2=Jonathan |last2=Derrick |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-56664-9}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNw4_FD1aqQC&pg=PA93 |title=The diary of Antera Duke, an eighteenth-century African slave trader |first1=Stephen D. |last1=Behrendt | author1-link = Stephen D. Behrendt |first2=Antera |last2=Duke | author2-link = Antera Duke |first3=A. J. H. |last3=Latham |first4=David A. |last4=Northrup |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-537618-0}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Cameroon: Ramsar}} |url=http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/CAMEROON.pdf |title=Cameroon |work=Ramsar Wetlands |access-date=2011-02-24}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoPzi-w7krkC&pg=PA225 |title=Muddy coast dynamics and resource management |first1=Burghard W. |last1=Flemming |first2=Monique T. |last2=Delafontaine |first3=Gerd |last3=Liebezeit |publisher=Elsevier |year=2000 |isbn=0-444-50464-8}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkAc9zbH9MUC&pg=PA76 |title=Review of pollution in the African aquatic environment |first=D. |last=Calamari |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. |year=1994 |isbn=92-5-103577-6}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.wajae.org/papers/paper_vol3/Water_Salt_nutriments_budgets_full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720152146/http://www.wajae.org/papers/paper_vol3/Water_Salt_nutriments_budgets_full.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 20, 2008 |title=Water, Salt and Nutrients Budgets of Two Estuaries in the Coastal Zone of Cameroon |first1=C.E. |last1=Gabche |first2=V.S. |last2=Smith |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |volume=3 |year=2007 |access-date=2011-02-10}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Glencore - Entrepreneur 2008}} |url=http://www.entrepreneurnewsonline.com/2008/04/glencore-afex-s.html |date=April 11, 2008 |title=Glencore, Afex sign exploration deal with Cameroon |work=The Entrepreneur |access-date=2011-02-27 |archive-date=2016-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914014247/http://www.entrepreneurnewsonline.com/2008/04/glencore-afex-s.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-06 |archivedate=2016-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914014247/http://www.entrepreneurnewsonline.com/2008/04/glencore-afex-s.html }} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_Upmb8NZkAC&pg=PA214 |title=2008 International Petroleum Encyclopedia |editor-first=Joseph |editor-last=Hilyard |publisher=PennWell Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59370-164-2}} *{{cite web |url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=soorten&id=73 |title=Callianassa turnerana |first=Lipke B. |last=Holthuis |author-link=Lipke Holthuis |work=Netherlands Biodiversity Information Facility |access-date=2011-02-27}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA466 |title=A directory of African wetlands |first1=R. H. |last1=Hughes |first2=J. S. |last2=Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOJT4suWIHkC&pg=PA63 |title=Commerce and Economic Change in West Africa: The Palm Oil Trade in the Nineteenth Century |first=Martin |last=Lynn |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-521-89326-7}} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2NV6DM1xL7IC&pg=PA143 |title=Instability: planning and management : seeking sustainable solutions to ground movement problems |first1=Robin G. |last1=McInnes |first2=Jenny |last2=Jakeways |chapter=Environmental hazards and landuse planning for sustainable development: The Duala unstable coastal region, Cameroon |publisher=Thomas Telford |year=2002 |isbn=0-7277-3132-7}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.waltersmunde.com/papers/PESTICIDEUSEINCAMEROON.pdf |first=Walters |last=Munde |title=Pesticide Use in Cameroon |access-date=2011-02-27 |archive-date=2012-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320204123/http://www.waltersmunde.com/papers/PESTICIDEUSEINCAMEROON.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-06 |archivedate=2012-03-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320204123/http://www.waltersmunde.com/papers/PESTICIDEUSEINCAMEROON.pdf }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/wn/w.n.cameroon_coast_survey.pdf |title=Cameroon coastal wetlands of international importance |first=Chi |last=Napoleon |date=September 6, 2007 |access-date=2011-02-27}} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hr2BbaVZRMUC&pg=PA374 |chapter=Marine and coastal resources in Cameroon: Interplay of climate and climate change |title=Conserving and valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity: economic, institutional and social challenges |first=Karachepone Ninan |last=Ninan |publisher=Earthscan |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-84407-651-2}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wrWtrTdBo5MC&pg=PA75 |title=Planning in contemporary Africa: the state, town planning, and society in Cameroon |first=Ambe J. |last=Njoh |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |year=2003 |isbn=0-7546-3346-2}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&pg=PA528 |title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century |first=Bethwell A. |last=Ogot |publisher=UNESCO |year=1992 |isbn=92-3-101711-X}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDXCLuG9ZCcC&pg=PA93 |title=Mangrove ecology, silviculture, and conservation |first=P. |last=Saenger |publisher=Springer |year=2002 |isbn=1-4020-0686-1}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/indxhtms/manexp8.html |title=The Constraints in Managing the Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants into the Large Marine Ecosystem of the Gulf of Guinea--The Case of Cameroon |date=17–19 June 1996 |publisher=Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety |first=Dudley Achu |last=Sama |access-date=2011-02-27 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004117/http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/indxhtms/manexp8.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-06 |archivedate=2011-07-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004117/http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/indxhtms/manexp8.html }} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPatZNjoitQC&pg=PA214 |title=Future city |chapter=Local Navigation in Douala |first=AbdouMaliq |last=Simone |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=0-415-28450-3}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzSCkulW9SQC&pg=PA243 |title=World Atlas of Mangroves |first1=Mark |last1=Spalding |first2=Mami |last2=Kainuma |first3=Lorna |last3=Collins |publisher=Earthscan |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84407-657-4}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_csii76oqg4C&pg=PA31 |title=From slaving to neoslavery: the bight of Biafra and Fernando Po in the era of abolition, 1827-1930 |first=I. K. |last=Sundiata |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-299-14510-7}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA228 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlD0JS16w9oC&pg=PA39 |title=The French empire between the wars: imperialism, politics and society |first=Martin |last=Thomas |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-7190-6518-6}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOUq1JKeQ18C&pg=SA5-PA12 |title=Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East |author=U.S. Geological Survey |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4113-2965-2}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jlaTU2lsyQC&pg=PA204 |title=Paths in the rainforests: toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa |first=Jan |last=Vansina |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-299-12574-2}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ_mZKbotZYC&pg=PA59 |title=Mpundu Akwa: the case of the Prince from Cameroon; the newly discovered speech for the defense by Dr. M. Levi |first=Elisa |last=von Joeden-Forgey |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2002 |isbn=3-8258-7354-4}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8_TFAP8bhoC&pg=PA48 |title=Groundwater pollution in Africa |first1=Yongxin |last1=Xu |first2=Brent |last2=Usher |publisher=UNEP/Earthprint |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-41167-X}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXkAhSzJw-wC&pg=PA144 |title=Major Soil Classification Systems Used in the Tropics:: Soils of Cameroon |first1=Bernard P.K. |last1=Yerima |first2=E. |last2=Van Ranst |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=1-4120-5789-2}} {{refend}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=22609 Ógbè Mmiri - Ọwara Douala] <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|3.918032|N|9.563942|E}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bc5adum8etzrfzsxxgfet6wa9ijadw4 0 77286 688067 672618 2026-07-14T13:43:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Yabagi Yusuf Sani | office = National Chairman [[Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)]] | image = | predecessor = First appoint | caption = | successor = | term_end = 2017 | party = [[Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)]] (ADP) | term_start = | title = Engineer | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|07|01|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Bida]], Nigeria | occupation = Energy and Oils Expert<br>Engineer<br>Politician | education = [[Columbia University]]<br/>[[Harvard University]] | honorific_suffix = Jakardan Nupe }} Yabagi Yusuf Sani, nke a maara dịka (YYSani maọbụ Jakardan Nupe) nke pụtara onye nnọchi anya Nupe, (amụrụ na 1 Julaị 1957) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ike na mmanụ ala, ọ bụkwa onyeisi oche mba nke Action Democratic Party (ADP) ugbu a. Ọ bụ onye ga-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na ntuliaka izugbe Naịjirịa nke 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/2019-yabagi-sani-meets-obasanjo-says-current-leadership-lacks-knowledge.html|title=2019: Yabagi Sani meets Obasanjo, says current leadership lacks knowledge|author=Moses|first=Peter|date=2019-01-02|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-51602894|title=10 things wey dey cause poverty for northern Nigeria|date=2020-02-23|work=BBC News Pidgin|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref><ref name="Adebayo">{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/12/adp-advises-lawan-gbajabiamila-emerging-senate-president-speaker/|title=ADP advises Lawan, Gbajabiamila after emerging Senate President, Speaker|author=Adebayo|first=Rasaq|date=2019-06-12|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/fireworks-with-adp-presidential-candidate-yabagi-yusuf-sani/|title=Fireworks with ADP Presidential Candidate, Yabagi Yusuf Sani|date=2018-12-07|work=TVC News Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> == Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == [[National Youth Service Corps|A mụrụ Sani na Bida, nna ya bụ onye ji ọkwa Ciroman Samarin Nupe. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na East School Bida na 1961, wee gaa kọleji teknụzụ, Kontagora na 1970. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard na Institute of Technology, New York na 1976. Ọ gụkwara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Columbia, New York na 1978 na B.Sc na injinia njikwa. O sonyekwara na National Youth Service Corps manyere]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name''="" yysani''="">{{Cite web|url=https://theinterview.ng/2018/11/23/know-your-candidate-yabagi-yusuf-sani-ada/|title=Know Your Candidate: Yabagi Yusuf Sani – ADP|date=2018-11-23|work=TheInterview Nigeria|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Yabagi malitere dịka onyeisi nchịkwa na ebe nchekwa ihe onwunwe na (PPMC Depot) Kano na 1980 n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nke Naịjirịa. Sani malitere ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na 1991, ọ bụkwa onye guzobere (ANPP), ma bụrụkwa onye otu ndị nlekọta nke All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANP). Na 1999, Sani bụ onye ga-azọ ọkwa All Peoples Party (APP) na steeti Niger maka ntuli aka gọvanọ, ọ bụkwa odeakwụkwọ ego nke Nigeria Liberal Convention (NLC/NRC) n'oge ahụ, ọ bụkwa onye nhazi onyeisiala nke North Central nke Alhaji Bashir Tofa na 1993.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://paragonpage.com.ng/yabagi-yusuf-sani-biography/|title=Yabagi Yusuf Sani - Biography|date=2019-01-08|work=Paragon Page|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09|archivedate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520150948/https://paragonpage.com.ng/yabagi-yusuf-sani-biography/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Paragon Page''. 2019-01-08. Archived from on 2021-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2019, A họpụtara Yabagi dịka onye ga-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke Action Democratic Party (Nigeria) na ntuliaka izugbe Naịjirịa nke afọ 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.legit.ng/1196875-adp-elects-yabagi-sani-presidential-candidate.html|title=ADP elects Yabagi Sani presidential candidate|author=Oladele|first=David|date=2018-10-08|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref> Na 2021, Engr. Yabagi Yusuf Sani nke Action Democratic Party (ADP) pụtara dịka onyeisi oche ọhụrụ nke IPAC, na-anọchi anya Dr. Leonard Nzenwa. Mgbudem Maxwell nke Accord Party (AP) ka a họpụtara dịka osote onyeisi oche mba nke Kansụl ahụ, ebe Alhaji Yusuf Dantalle nke Allied People’s Movement (APM) pụtara dịka odeakwụkwọ mba..<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/ipac-elects-new-national-executive-council/|title=IPAC elects new national executive council|author=Ezeh|first=Fred|date=2021-12-14|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en|accessdate=2022-06-03}}</ref> A kpọpụtara ya dịka onye ga-anọchi anya ọkwa onyeisiala ADP na Mgbakọ Mba Pụrụ Iche nke pati ahụ na Tuzdee, Mee 31, 2022, na Abuja, Naịjirịa. Onyeisi oche nke ndị otu ntuli aka ADP, Maazị Tasiru Abdulrahman, kwuru na a họpụtara Sani site na nkwekọrịta. O kwadoro na a họpụtara Sani mgbe enyochachara ya ma kwado na o mezuru ihe niile achọrọ maka ntuliaka onyeisiala nke 2023. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/2023-yabagi-sani-emerges-as-adp-presidential-candidate/96dc9t5|title=2023: Yabagi Sani emerges as ADP presidential candidate|author=Elijah|first=Ima|date=2022-05-31|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en|accessdate=2022-06-03}}</ref> == Arụmụka == A kọrọ na odeakwụkwọ pati mba ahụ, Maazị James Okoroma, kwụsịtụla Yabagi. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya, o kwuru na ọ ka bụ onyeisi oche mba nke Action Democratic People, ebe ọ bụ na odeakwụkwọ ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụsịtụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://businessday.ng/politics/article/i-remain-the-national-chairman-of-adp-yy-sani/|title=I remain the National Chairman of ADP-YY Sani|date=2019-04-28|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref> == Onyinye == Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nyere ya onyinye enyemaka mmadụ, ya na ndị isi otu Conservative Party (UK) na New York City rụkọrọkwa ọrụ..<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/adp-presidential-candidate-yabagi-sani-recognized-internationally/|title=ADP presidential candidate, Yabagi Sani recognized internationally|date=2018-12-28|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/12/27/adp-presidential-candidate-meets-uk-conservative-party-leaders|title=ADP Presidential Candidate Meets UK Conservative Party Leaders|date=2018-12-27|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] cclhdonpsmq4clbj1ybf2ohquiywfd2 0 77403 688132 672060 2026-07-14T21:58:36Z Aluta editor 62822 fixed refference with ref tag 688132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Abubakar Y Suleiman | image = File:AbuYsuleiman.jpg | term_start = | term_end = | predecessor = | successor = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] | spouse = | occupation = Politician | caption = | education = }} '''Abubakar na Suleiman''' bụ onye agha ndị Naijiria bụ onye mgbaàmà ka ọ bụrụ ọkà okwu nke 9th Bauchi State House of Assembly na 2019. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Alkassim|first=Balarabe|date=20 June 2019|title=JUST IN: Bauchi Assembly: Suleiman emerges Speaker|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker.html|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Suleiman, onye otu [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na-anọchite anya, Ningi State electorate bụ onye a họpụtara dị ka ọkà okwu nke ụlọ ahụ site na 11 n'ime ndị 31 so na nzukọ ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Gsong|date=20 June 2019|title=BREAKING: Bauchi Assembly: Suleiman emerges Speaker|url=https://www.republican.ng/breaking-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker/|access-date=26 June 2020|website=Republican Newspaper|language=en-US|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628001656/https://www.republican.ng/breaking-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/two-speakers-emerge-in-bauchi-assembly/|title=Two speakers emerge in Bauchi Assembly|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> N'ime ndị otu iri na otu onye ọkà okwu Suleiman, bụ ndị bụ ndị otu People's Democratic Party ebe atọ bụ ndị nnupụisi nke ọtụtụ ndị All Progressives Congress. Akụkọ ndị otu iri na nke pati elele (APC) n' ike ike n'ihe ahụ n'oge mmalite aka ahụ. Otu ihe mere ọhụrụ aka nke ya n'ebe dị iche ma akwado onye bụ ọkà okwu nke ngwaọrụ nke Kawuwa Damina onye na-ọso maka nhọpụta ọzọ maka ọkà okwu nke map. [1][2][3] E mechara dozie Nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=BREAKING: Two Speakers Emerge In Bauchi Assembly|url=https://www.independent.ng/breaking-two-speakers-emerge-in-bauchi-assemby/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>. <ref>{{Cite news|date=23 November 2019|title=Bauchi Assembly crisis over —Speaker, Suleiman|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/bauchi-assembly-crisis-over-speaker-suleiman/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2019|title=Bauchi Assembly crisis: APC runs to Buhari, IG for help|url=https://businessday.ng/politics/article/bauchi-assembly-crisis-apc-runs-to-buhari-ig-for-help/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, a họpụtara Suleiman ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nzukọ Ndị Isi nke Ndị omeiwu steeti nke mpaghara Northeast.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 July 2019|title=Court bars National Assembly from interfering in Bauchi Assembly crisis {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/342356-court-bars-national-assembly-from-interfering-in-bauchi-assembly-crisis.html|access-date=26 June 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=NewsTimes|first=Daily|date=16 November 2019|title=Northeast Speakers Elect Bauchi Speaker to Chair Zonal Speakers Conference|url=https://dailynewstimesco.wordpress.com/2019/11/16/northeast-speakers-elect-bauchi-speaker-to-chair-zonal-speakers-conference/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=Daily NewsTimes Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edemsibia == <references /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3f37vvf2b9xc09qq02ouxjseg83jpcm 688207 688132 2026-07-15T11:05:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Abubakar Y Suleiman | image = File:AbuYsuleiman.jpg | term_start = | term_end = | predecessor = | successor = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] | spouse = | occupation = Politician | caption = | education = }} '''Abubakar na Suleiman''' bụ onye agha ndị Naijiria bụ onye mgbaàmà ka ọ bụrụ ọkà okwu nke 9th Bauchi State House of Assembly na 2019. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Alkassim|first=Balarabe|date=20 June 2019|title=JUST IN: Bauchi Assembly: Suleiman emerges Speaker|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker.html|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Suleiman, onye otu [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na-anọchite anya, Ningi State electorate bụ onye a họpụtara dị ka ọkà okwu nke ụlọ ahụ site na 11 n'ime ndị 31 so na nzukọ ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Gsong|date=20 June 2019|title=BREAKING: Bauchi Assembly: Suleiman emerges Speaker|url=https://www.republican.ng/breaking-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker/|access-date=26 June 2020|website=Republican Newspaper|language=en-US|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628001656/https://www.republican.ng/breaking-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker/|url-status=dead|accessdate=14 July 2026|archivedate=28 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628001656/https://www.republican.ng/breaking-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker/}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/two-speakers-emerge-in-bauchi-assembly/|title=Two speakers emerge in Bauchi Assembly|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> N'ime ndị otu iri na otu onye ọkà okwu Suleiman, bụ ndị bụ ndị otu People's Democratic Party ebe atọ bụ ndị nnupụisi nke ọtụtụ ndị All Progressives Congress. Akụkọ ndị otu iri na nke pati elele (APC) n' ike ike n'ihe ahụ n'oge mmalite aka ahụ. Otu ihe mere ọhụrụ aka nke ya n'ebe dị iche ma akwado onye bụ ọkà okwu nke ngwaọrụ nke Kawuwa Damina onye na-ọso maka nhọpụta ọzọ maka ọkà okwu nke map. [1][2][3] E mechara dozie Nsogbu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=BREAKING: Two Speakers Emerge In Bauchi Assembly|url=https://www.independent.ng/breaking-two-speakers-emerge-in-bauchi-assemby/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>. <ref>{{Cite news|date=23 November 2019|title=Bauchi Assembly crisis over —Speaker, Suleiman|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/bauchi-assembly-crisis-over-speaker-suleiman/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2019|title=Bauchi Assembly crisis: APC runs to Buhari, IG for help|url=https://businessday.ng/politics/article/bauchi-assembly-crisis-apc-runs-to-buhari-ig-for-help/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, a họpụtara Suleiman ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nzukọ Ndị Isi nke Ndị omeiwu steeti nke mpaghara Northeast.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 July 2019|title=Court bars National Assembly from interfering in Bauchi Assembly crisis {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/342356-court-bars-national-assembly-from-interfering-in-bauchi-assembly-crisis.html|access-date=26 June 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=NewsTimes|first=Daily|date=16 November 2019|title=Northeast Speakers Elect Bauchi Speaker to Chair Zonal Speakers Conference|url=https://dailynewstimesco.wordpress.com/2019/11/16/northeast-speakers-elect-bauchi-speaker-to-chair-zonal-speakers-conference/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=Daily NewsTimes Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edemsibia == <references /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] dt11t2gqu98qmjay5684xj1v2bsz35t 0 77412 688164 672135 2026-07-15T00:15:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:S04_130_Solfatara,_Fumarole.jpg|alt=A rocky surface with a mound centrally in the image. The mound has holes in the top. Surrounding rocks have been stained orange and yellow. There is smoke or steam rising from the top.|thumb|280x280px|A fumarole na crater Solfatara, oroma na odo na-acha site na mineral ndị anwụrụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-etinye ka ha na-ajụ oyi na okpomọkụ gburugburu.]] Ọrụ geothermal bụ otu usoro nnyefe okpomọkụ sitere n'okike, na-eme n'elu ụwa, nke sitere na ọnụnọ nke okpomọkụ karịrị akarị n'okpuru ala nke ebe ahụ metụtara, nke na-abụkarị site na ọnụnị nke igneous intrusion n'okpuru ụwa.<ref name="geot">{{Cite web|author=|language=ru|url=http://geotherm.ginras.ru/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209183446/http://geotherm.ginras.ru/|archivedate=2022-12-09|title=Лаборатория тепломассопереноса // Геологический институт РАН|work=geotherm.ginras.ru|accessdate=2023-03-22}}</ref> Ọrụ geothermal nwere ike igosipụta onwe ya n'ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, okpomọkụ dị elu, ụdị dị iche iche nke ọrụ hydrothermal, na ọnụnọ nke fumaroles nke na-ewepụta gas ọkụ. == Physics ndabere == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ọrụ okpomọkụ dị n'ime ala na-apụtakarị n'ógbè ndị nwere ugwu mgbawa, ebe ọ na-akwalite ya site na ọnụnọ nke ụlọ magma. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ọkụ dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ nnukwu ihe ndị na-eme ka redioaktivu jupụta. Isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke ikpo ọkụ dị n'ime nwere ike ịbụ ọdịiche ndọda nke ihe, esemokwu mmiri, mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke usoro. Mwepụ nke okpomọkụ n'elu na-eme ma n'ụdị mmiri okpomọkụ na-eduzi, ma ọ bụ n'ụdị mbufe okpomọkụ convective site na mmiri ma ọ bụ gas.[1]... [[Faịlụ:11-Sol-de-la-Manana-nX-16.jpg|alt=A pool of greyish-blue bubbling sludge surrounded by rocks and steam|thumb|280x280px|ite apịtị na Sol de Mañana Hydrothermal field, [[Bolivia]]. Agba odo n'ime ala na-esite na sulfur deposits.]] == Ụdị ọrụ geothermal == === Fumaroles na ikuku === Fumaroles, ma ọ bụ oghere mgbawa ugwu, bụ oghere dị n'ala ebe uzuoku na gas na-esi na ya apụta na mbara igwe. Ebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ na-adịkarị n'elu ụlọ magma na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-ewepụta gas ọkụ mgbe niile nke na-aga n'elu site na oghere dị n'ime nkume. Ebe oghere ndị a na-eru elu ha na-emepụta fumaroles. A maara ebe oghere ndị a dị ka ubi Fumarole. Fumaroles na-etolite nnukwu ihe nke mineral sulfuric, nke na-ada site na nkwụsịtụ mgbe gas mgbawa ugwu jụrụ oyi na ikuku.[1] === Ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ === Ice cauldrons bụ ihe na-eme mgbe okpomọkụ na-emetụta ice cap, ma ọ bụ site na mgbawa ugwu ma ọ bụ mmepụta okpomọkụ dị n'ihu site na mpaghara geothermal na-arụ ọrụ. Ice cauldrons nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ọdịdị dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a sitere na oghere dị nro n'ime ice cap ruo n'oghere miri emi nwere mgbidi dị elu nke mgbanaka dị n'etiti. Obosara nke ice cauldrons nwere ike ịdị site na mita 50 ruo ihe dị ka kilomita 10, ebe omimi nwere ike ịdị na ọtụtụ mita ruo ọtụtụ narị mita. Ọdịdị nke olulu ahụ nwere ike iguzosi ike ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, ọ nweghịkwa njikọ na ọdịdị nke isi iyi okpomọkụ. == Ọrụ okpomọkụ mmiri == Okpomọkụ na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nwere ike imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. === Mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ === [[Faịlụ:Great_Geysir_(2).jpg|alt=A green landscape with a platform of grey rock. steam is rising from a pool or hole in the middle of the platform|thumb|280x280px|Geysir, a geyser na Iceland, aha a na-akpọ ihe omume ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=geyser {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of geyser by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/geyser|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.etymonline.com|language=en}}</ref>]] Geysers are the most well known hydrothermal feature. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> They occur when groundwater in underground cavities becomes superheated under a lid of colder surface water. When the superheated water breaches the surface, it flashes to steam, causing the pressure below it to suddenly drop, which causes a chain reaction where most of the water in the geyser's feed system flashes to steam all at once. E nwere ụdị isi mmiri abụọ. Mmiri iyi, nke na-agbawa n'oké mgbawa site na ọdọ mmiri, na mmiri mmiri, nke na'ime mmiri na-agbanye n'ime mmiri ruo nkeji ole na ole site na ihe sinter nke silicon nke a debere gburugburu isi ikuku.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|title=Hydrothermal Features - Yellowstone National Park|url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/kidsyouth/hydrothermal.htm|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=www.nps.gov|language=en}}</ref> === Isi iyi na ite apịtị === [[Faịlụ:Wai-o-tapu_panorama.jpg|alt=A crystal-clear pool with a bright yellow bottom. Where the water is deeper the bottom seems more green or blue. In the background, where the water of the first pool turns red, there is a raised rim surrounding a smaller bright-blue pool, which steams heavily. The pools have white beaches and are surrounded by a pine forest|thumb|464x464px|Isi iyi abụọ dị na Waiotapu, New Zealand, na Palette nke onye na-ese ihe n'ihu, na Champagne Pool kpọmkwem n'azụ ya n'azụ. ]] N'ebe ndị ọzọ, mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbakọta n'ọdọ mmiri, na-emepụta isi iyi na-ekwo ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=O'Banion|first=K.|date=1980-07-14|title=Geothermal energy and the land resource: conflicts and constraints in The Geysers-Calistoga KGRA|doi=10.2172/6817678|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6817678|language=English}}</ref> Ebe obere mmiri dị n'okpuru ala dị, mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-arị elu na njikọta ya na ọrụ microbial na-eduga n'ịmepụta ite apịtị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dahlquist|first=G. R.|date=2016-12-01|title=What's in the mud?: Water-rock-microbe interactions in thermal mudpots and springs|journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B21E0469D|volume=2016|pages=B21E–0469}}</ref> Omume nke ite apịtị ndị a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na okirikiri oge dabere na ọdịiche dị na mmiri ozuzo na ọkwa nke tebụl mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mudpots - Old Faithful Virtual Visitor Center|url=https://www.nps.gov/features/yell/ofvec/exhibits/treasures/thermals/mudpots/mudpotseasons.htm|accessdate=2023-04-21|work=www.nps.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lynch|first=D. K.|date=2008-08-01|title=The Wister Mud Pot Lineament: Southeastward Extension or Abandoned Strand of the San Andreas Fault?|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa/article/98/4/1720-1729/341930|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|language=en|volume=98|issue=4|pages=1720–1729|doi=10.1785/0120070252|issn=0037-1106}}</ref> === Mgbawa nke mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ === Mgbawa hydrothermal na-eme mgbe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-enweghị ike iru n'elu, na-eme ka nrụgide dị n'okpuru ala rịa elu ruo mgbe a ruru ebe dị oke egwu ma mee mgbawa, na-ewepụ mmiri na-okpo ọkụ na nkume.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hydrothermal Explosions {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/hydrothermal-explosions|accessdate=2023-07-18|work=www.usgs.gov}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Geothermal energy - Ike okpomọkụ a na-emepụta ma na-echekwa n'ụwa * Geothermal gradient - Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpomọkụ na-abawanye na omimi n'ime ụwa * Geothermal heating - Ojiji nke ike geothermal maka okpomọkụ * Geothermal power - Ike sitere na ike okpomọkụ == Edensibịa == lom296opmzzog4hfj7neary9zf5fooi 3 77434 688084 672425 2026-07-14T16:30:49Z King ChristLike 13051 /* Omitted references and quality translations */ nkeji ohúrù 688084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Chikwas|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 18:01, 4 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} == Omitted references and quality translations == Daalu maka translations gi. But there are a lot of citation omissions. While translating, do well to proofread and be sure that there are no omissions or incorrectly translated words before finally publishing. And after publishing, go through the article again to verify the references and if there are areas to improve or correct. To get started, take a look at all your translations [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche%3AContributions&target=Chikwas&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=1000 here], kindly add the omitted references from the enwiki page, and generally improve the articles to ensure that content integrity is maintained. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:30, 14 Julaị 2026 (UTC) nlfgvwvdpibqcivszxcmzt3dyk62asa 0 77492 688136 687955 2026-07-14T22:05:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 12 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Ọdọ mmiri Alkaline dị n'ókè Etiopia na Kenya}} [[Faịlụ:LakeTurkanaSouthIsland.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ mmiri Turkana ]] '''Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana''' bụ ọdọ mmiri nnu dị na Ndagwurugwu Rift nke Kenya, nke kachasị na ugwu Kenya; njedebe ugwu dị anya na-agafe na Etiopia.<ref>The boundary between Ethiopia and Kenya has been a contentious matter. A brief consideration of the topic can be found in the State Department document, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090318063413/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS152.pdf Ethiopia – Kenya Boundary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318063413/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS152.pdf |date=18 March 2009 }}</ref> Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ọzara kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa na ọdọ mmiri alkaline kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Dịka olu ya si dị, ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri nnu nke anọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Turkana in Kenya - The Jade Sea|url=http://www.kenyasafari.com/lake-turkana-kenya.html|website=www.kenyasafari.com|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref> mgbe Oké Osimiri Caspian gasịrị, Issyk-Kul, na Ọdọ Mmiri Van (na-agafe Oké Osimiri Aral nke Ndịda), nakwa n'etiti ọdọ mmiri niile dị n'ọkwa nke iri abụọ na abụọ. Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana na-eyi egwu ugbu a site n'iwu mgbidi Gilgel Gibe nke Atọ na Etiopia n'ihi mgbochi mmiri nke Osimiri Omo nke na-enye ọtụtụ mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name=Moran2017>{{cite news | author=Moran, B. | date=23 May 2017 | title=A way of life under threat in Kenya as Lake Turkana shrinks | url=http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/feature/2017/05/23/way-life-under-threat-kenya-lake-turkana-shrinks | publisher=The New Humanitarian | access-date=8 November 2019 }}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị ọdọ mmiri ahụ eme ihe—ma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ—ma e jiri ya mee ihe ọṅụṅụ, nnu ya (nke na-adị ntakịrị nro) na oke fluoride (nke dị elu karịa nke dị na mmiri fluoride) na-emekarị ka ọ ghara ịdị mma ịṅụ ya; ọ bụkwa isi iyi nke ọrịa ndị sitere na mmiri ruru unyi na-agbasa. N'ụzọ na-arịwanye elu, obodo ndị gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu na-adabere na isi iyi mmiri dị n'okpuru ala maka mmiri ọṅụṅụ.<ref name=Serem2012>{{cite news | author=Serem, B. | date=29 November 2012 | title=For villages in Turkana, Kenya, a new initiative that brings clean water to the community is life-changing | url=https://www.unicef.org/wash/kenya_66520.html | publisher=UNICEF | access-date=8 November 2019 | archive-date=8 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108110615/https://www.unicef.org/wash/kenya_66520.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Otu ihe ndị ahụ mere ka ọ ghara ịdị mma maka ịṅụ mmiri na-egbochi ojiji ya maka ịgba mmiri.<ref name=Johnson2009>{{cite book | author1=Johnson, T.C. | author2=J.O. Malala | year=2009 | chapter=Lake Turkana and its connection to the Nile | pages=287–306 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}</ref> Ihu igwe dị ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ nke ukwuu. Nkume nke mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu bụ ugwu mgbawa ugwu. Central Island bụ ugwu mgbawa na-arụ ọrụ, na-ewepụta uzuoku. A na-ahụ ihe ndị dị n'èzí na nkume n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ebe ájá ájá, olulu mmiri na ala dị larịị dị n'ọdịda anyanwụ na ugwu, n'ebe dị ala karịa. Ifufe n'ụsọ oké osimiri na n'èzí nwere ike ịdị oke ike, ebe ọ bụ na ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ajụ oyi nwayọ karịa ala. Na mberede, oké ifufe na-abịa mgbe niile. Osimiri atọ (Omo, Turkwel na Kerio) na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana enweghị mmiri na-asọpụta, naanị mmiri na-efunahụ ya bụ site na uzuoku. Olu na nha ọdọ mmiri dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkwa ahụ dara site na {{convert|10|m}} n'etiti 1975 na 1993.<ref>Historic lake levels are graphed in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20060118225224/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/afr-20.html World Lakes Database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118225224/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/afr-20.html |date=18 January 2006 }}.</ref> N'agbanyeghị enweghị mpụta, na gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-ewere ya dị ka akụkụ nke - ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala jikọtara ya na - n'ihi njikọ ya na usoro a tupu oge eruo na myirịta dị n'anụmanụ mmiri ha.<ref name=Johnson2009/> N'ihi okpomọkụ dị n'ógbè ahụ — mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ {{cvt|27-31|C|F|disp=sqbr}}, okpomọkụ ikuku nke mpaghara ahụ yikwara ma ọ bụ karịa ntakịrị — oke ọkọchị na enweghị ike iru ebe ahụ, ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-ejigide àgwà ọjọọ ya.<ref name=Johnson2009/> A na-ahụ agụ iyi Naịl n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụsọ oké osimiri. N'akụkụ nkume ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ, akpị na ajị anụ na-ebi n'ime ha. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bara ụba n'azụ, ịkụ azụ dịkwa oke mkpa maka akụnụba obodo, mana ọ na-eyi egwu ịdaba n'ọkwa mmiri na ịkụ azụ gabiga ókè.<ref name=Moran2017/> A na-ede aha ogige ntụrụndụ mba nke ọdọ mmiri Turkana ugbu a dị ka ebe UNESCO na-edebe ihe nketa ụwa. Ogige Ntụrụndụ Sibiloi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ebe Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba Central Island na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba South Island dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ. A maara ha abụọ maka agụ iyi Naịl ha. A chọpụtala ọtụtụ ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị dị ndụ mee n'ógbè gbara Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana gburugburu.<ref name=Moran2017/> Ọ dịghị mmadụ ole na ole na-abịa ebe ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-ewe ụbọchị abụọ iji si Nairobi gaa. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụkwa ókèala Rendille, Borana na Oromo ruo ala Turkana. Ebe ahụ bụ isi ihe e ji ụrọ mee, ọ na-esikwa n'ala alkaline karịa mmiri oké osimiri. == Aha njirimara == Mgbe nnwere onwe nke [[Kenya]] gasịrị, onyeisiala, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, gbanwere aha ya na 1975 mgbe ọ bụ Ndị Turkana, ebo kachasị ukwuu n'ebe ahụ. Ndị Turkana na-akpọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ''Anam Ka'alakol'', nke pụtara "oké osimiri nke ọtụtụ azụ̀". Ọ bụ site na aha Ka'alakol ka Kalokol, obodo dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Lodwar, na-enweta aha ya. Aha mbụ e ji mara Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana nke Turkana bụ ''Anam a Cheper''. Ndị obodo bi gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana gụnyere Turkana, Rendille, Gabbra, Daasanach, Hamar Koke, Karo, Nyagatom, Mursi, Surma, na ndị Molo. Maka ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a nọ, lee maapụ olumba dị n'isiokwu ahụ. === Ọdọ Mmiri Rudolf === A kpọrọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ na mbụ Ọdọ Mmiri Rudolf (iji sọpụrụ Eze Ukwu Rudolf nke Austria) site n'aka Count Sámuel Teleki de Szék na onye nke abụọ ya bụ Lieutenant Ludwig Ritter Von Höhnel, onye Hungary na onye Austria, na 6 Maachị 1888.<ref>A summary of the European discovery as well as Teleki's map and some Turkana tribe legends are stated in a [https://web.archive.org/web/20071206100219/http://www.sslmit.univ.trieste.it/crevatin/documenti/Turkana/tesi/Introduction.htm University of Trieste] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206100219/http://www.sslmit.univ.trieste.it/crevatin/documenti/Turkana/tesi/Introduction.htm |date=6 December 2007 }} document online.</ref> Ha bụ ndị Yuropu mbụ gara leta ọdọ mmiri ahụ mgbe ha mechara njem ogologo oge n'ofe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nọgidere na-aza aha ndị Yurop n'oge ọchịchị ndị Britain East Africa. Agbanyeghị, a maara ya nke ọma na Yuropu ogologo oge tupu Teleki echepụta nleta ya, ebe ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị, ọdịdị ya na ebe ọ dị.<ref>[Wakefield, Thomas. "Routes of Native Caravans From the Coast to the Interior of Eastern Africa, Chiefly from Information Given by Said Bin Ahedi, a Native of a District Near Gazi, in Udigo, a Little North of Zanzibar." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 40 (1870): 303–39</ref> === Oké Osimiri Jade === N'oge a na-amaghị ama, ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwetara aha ọzọ dị ka "Oké Osimiri Jade" site na agba turquoise ya a hụrụ ka ọ na-abịa site n'ebe dị anya. Agba ya sitere na algae ndị na-apụta n'elu ala n'oge ihu igwe dị jụụ. Nke a nwekwara ike ịbụ aha ndị Yurop. === Basso Narok === J. W. Gregory kọrọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ''The Geographical Journal'' nke afọ 1894 na a kpọrọ ya "Basso Narok", nke pụtara "Ọdọ Mmiri Ojii" n'asụsụ Samburu. N'otu aka ahụ, ọdọ mmiri Chew Bahir nke Etiopia dị nso ka a na-akpọ "Basso Naibor" na Samburu, nke pụtara "Ọdọ Mmiri Ọcha". Ndị Samburu so n'agbụrụ ndị kacha pụta ìhè n'ógbè ọdọ mmiri Turkana mgbe ndị nchọpụta bịara.<ref>{{citation|jstor=1773534|title=Contributions to the Physical Geography of British East Africa|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=4|issue=4|pages=289–315|last1=Gregory|first1=J. W.|year=1894|doi=10.2307/1773534|bibcode=1894GeogJ...4..289G }}</ref> Ihe bụ ụdị okwu a, ihe ọ pụtara, na asụsụ bụ nke na-edoghị anya. == Bayọlọji == [[File:Lake turkana satellite.jpg|thumb|left|Foto satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana, nke a pụrụ ịmata site na agba jade ya. Osimiri Omo na-abanye n'elu. Osimiri a na-ahụ anya n'aka ekpe ala bụ Turkwel, nke e tinyere n'ime mmiri maka ike eletrik.]] === Biomes === Isi ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke bụ biome mmiri, na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu, nke a na-akpọ ọzara na osisi ubi xeric. Ọzara Chalbi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. N'oge mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, ala kpọrọ nkụ na-apụta, na-egosipụtakwa ''Aristida adscensionis'' na ''A. mutabilis''. N'oge ọkọchị, ahịhịa na-apụ n'anya. Osisi ndị dị n'ime ha nwere osisi dwarf, dịka ọmụmaatụ ''Duosperma eremophilum'' na ''Indigofera spinosa''. N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ osisi nkwụ doum === Plankton === [[File:Neuston, Plankton, Nekton, Benthos.jpg|thumb|Ogidi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.]] A na-ahụ ma phytoplankton ma zooplankton n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name=ILEC>The [https://web.archive.org/web/20060118225224/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/afr-20.html World Lakes Database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118225224/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/afr-20.html |date=18 January 2006}} includes mention of the lake plankton, some of which are responsible for its turquoise colour.</ref> N'ime ndị mbụ, a na-anọchite anya cyanobacteria site na ''Microcystis aeruginosa'' na obere algae site na ''Botryococcus braunii''. Ndị ọzọ dịkwa ugbu a gụnyere ''Anabaenopsis arnoldii'', ''Planctonema lauterbornii'', ''Oocystis gigas'', ''Sphaerocystis schroeteri'', na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ. Zooplankton gụnyere copepods, cladocerans na protozoans. === Azụ === [[File:Heterotis niloticus 154613099.jpg|thumb|alt=Row of large fresh fish with mouths agape stacked on ground cloths at a market|''Heterotis niloticus'' (African arowana) ihe atụ nke ụdị azụ dị iche iche na Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana]] Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọdọ mmiri ndị ọzọ buru ibu n'Africa, Turkana enweghị ụdị azụ ole na ole. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ihe dị ka ụdị azụ iri ise, gụnyere iri na abụọ endemics: cichlids ''Haplochromis macconneli'', ''Haplochromis rudolfianus'', ''H. turkanae'' na ''Hemichromis exsul'', the barb ''Enteromius turkanae'', catfish ''Chrysichthys turkana'', robber tetras ''Brycinus ferox'' na ''B. minutus'', Rudolf lates ''Lates longispinis'', lampeyes ''Lacustricola jeanneli'' na ''Micropanchax rudolfianus'', ya na cyprinid ''Neobola stellae''.<ref name=FEW>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204328/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=530 Lake Turkana.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204328/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=530 |date=5 October 2011 }}'' Accessed 2 May 2011</ref> Ndị na-abụghị ndị endemic gụnyere Nile tilapia, mango tilapia, bichir, elephantfish ''Mormyrus kannume'', African arowana, African knifefish, ''Distichodus niloticus'', Nile perch na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name=ILEC/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Freshwater Fish Species in Lake Turkana &#91;East Africa&#93;|url=http://www.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Lake%2520Turkana.htm|access-date=2023-02-07|website=TropicalFreshwaterFish.com}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> N'oge mbụ Holocene, ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị elu, ọ na-asọbakwa n'ime Osimiri [[Naịl]], na-enye azụ na agụ iyi ohere ịbanye. N'ihi ya, azụ̀ ndị na-anaghị adịkarị n'ọdọ mmiri bụkarị ụdị azụ̀ ndị dị n'akụkụ osimiri nke sitere na Nilotic.<ref name=FEW/> Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-anaghị amụ nwa anaghị amụ nwa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, kama ha na-akwaga n'Osimiri Omo na ndị ọgaranya ndị ọzọ ka ha mụọ nwa.<ref name=FEW/> A na-akụkarị azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke ukwuu. === Nnụnụ === [[File:Eremopterix signatus.jpg|thumb|Nnụnụ]] Mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Turkana bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ narị ụdị nnụnụ sitere na [[Kenya]].<ref>The Internet hosts a number of bird sites giving scientific names, data and photographs of birds found around the lake: [https://web.archive.org/web/20061029161851/http://www.sibiloi.com/fauna_flora.htm The Sibiloi National Park] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029161851/http://www.sibiloi.com/fauna_flora.htm |date=29 October 2006 }} site, the [https://web.archive.org/web/20061209040200/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/iba.htm Kenya Birds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209040200/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/iba.htm |date=9 December 2006 }} site, the [https://web.archive.org/web/20101222220152/http://www.birdquest.net/afbid/photographers.php?pageno=4&func=images&af_bd_id=2&query=&page=4 African Bird Image Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222220152/http://www.birdquest.net/afbid/photographers.php?pageno=4&func=images&af_bd_id=2&query=&page=4 |date=22 December 2010 }}, the [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6418&m=0 BirdLife International] site, and many others.</ref> Usoro Ahịhịa Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ụzọ e si efe nnụnụ ndị na-akwaga ebe ọzọ, na-eweta ọtụtụ narị ndị ọzọ. Nnụnụ ndị ahụ na-enweta nkwado site na ọtụtụ plankton n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, bụ́ ndị na-azụkwa azụ̀. Ụfọdụ nnụnụ ndị Turkana na-ahụkarị bụ [[little stint]], [[wood sandpiper]], na [[common sandpiper]]. [[African skimmer]] (''Rhyncops flavirostris'') na arụ akwụ n'akụkụ Central Island. [[White-breasted cormorant]] (''Phalacrocorax lucidus'') dị n'ofe ọdọ mmiri ahụ, dịka ọtụtụ nnụnụ mmiri ndị ọzọ si eme. Mmiri [[flamingo ka ukwuu]] na-asọ n'ime ala ya dị omimi. [[Heuglin's bustard]] (''Neotis heuglinii'') dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mpaghara ọdọ mmiri ahụ. === Anụ na-akpụ akpụ === [[File:Pelusios subniger subniger - adult Pan Terrapin.jpg|thumb|Mud Turtle]] Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ kachasị ukwuu n'Africa nke [[Agụ iyi Naịl]]: 14,000, dịka e mere atụmatụ na nnyocha Alistair Graham mere na 1968.<ref>Alistair Graham, ''Eyelids of Morning''</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwekwara ọtụtụ nnukwu mbe mmiri, ọkachasị n'ógbè Central Island. [[Mbe apịtị Turkana]] bụ [[Endism|ihe jupụtara na ya]] n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name=Rhodin2017>{{cite book |author=Rhodin, A.G.J. |author2=Iverson, J.B. |author3=Bour, R. |author4=Fritz, U. |author5=Georges, A. |author6=Shaffer, H.B. |author7=van Dijk, P.P. |collaboration=[[Turtle Taxonomy Working Group]] | year=2017 | title=Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status |editor=Rhodin, A.G.J. |editor2=Iverson, J.B. |editor3=van Dijk, P.P. |editor4=Saumure, R.A. |editor5=Buhlmann, K.A. |editor6=Pritchard, P.C.H. |editor7=Mittermeier, R.A. | series=Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group | edition=8 | journal=Chelonian Research Monographs | volume=7 | pages=1–292 | doi=10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017| isbn=9781532350269}}</ref> === Anụmanụ === [[File:Equus grevyi (Zèbre de Grévy) - 390.jpg|thumb|Grevy's Zebras]] N'elu ala kpọrọ nkụ, e nwere ìgwè mmadụ na-adịghị ike nke anụmanụ na-ata nri na anụ ọhịa na-eri anụ. Ndị bụ isi na-ata nri gụnyere [[Grevy's zebra]], [[Burchell's zebra]], [[beisa oryx]], [[Grant's gazelle]], [[topi]] na [[reticulated giraffe]]. Ọdụm na [[mgbawa]] na-achụ ha. A naghịzi ahụ enyí na rhinocerose ojii ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Teleki kọrọ na ọ hụrụ (ma gbaa) ọtụtụ. Ihe kacha nso n'ájá bụ [[cushioned gerbil]] (''Gerbillus pulvinatus'').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Turkana|url=http://www.kenya-and-beyond.com/index.php?id=577|date=2016-09-21|website=www.kenya-and-beyond.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807120354/http://www.kenya-and-beyond.com/index.php?id=577|url-status=dead|accessdate=2026-07-06|archivedate=2020-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807120354/http://www.kenya-and-beyond.com/index.php?id=577}}</ref> == Geology == [[File:Lake Turkana in Kenya 01.jpg|thumb|left|alt=View of Lake Turkana with the Koobi Fora formations in the background.|Onyonyo nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana na nhazi [[Koobi Fora]] dị n'azụ.]] Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana bụ ihe dị na [[East African Rift]].<ref>A good introduction is stated in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20070513235557/http://www.visitkenya.com/guide/index.php?contID=17&mID=1 Regions of Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513235557/http://www.visitkenya.com/guide/index.php?contID=17&mID=1 |date=13 May 2007 }} site.</ref> [[rift]] bụ ebe na-adịghị ike n'ime ala ụwa n'ihi nkewa nke [[tectonic plate]] abụọ, nke a na-esokarị ya na [[graben]], ma ọ bụ ite mmiri, ebe mmiri ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ịchịkọta. Ọgbawa ahụ malitere mgbe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, nke mmiri ozuzo dị na [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=FURMAN |first1=TANYA |last2=KALETA |first2=KELLY M. |last3=BRYCE |first3=JULIA G. |last4=HANAN |first4=BARRY B. |date=2006-03-21 |title=Tertiary Mafic Lavas of Turkana, Kenya: Constraints on East African Plume Structure and the Occurrence of High-μ Volcanism in Africa |journal=Journal of Petrology |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=1221–1244 |doi=10.1093/petrology/egl009 |issn=1460-2415|doi-access=free }}</ref> malitere ikewapụ onwe ha site na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Afrịka, na-aga n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ugbu a, graben dị kilomita 320 n'obosara n'ebe ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, kilomita 170 n'ebe ndịda. Ọgbawa a bụ otu n'ime abụọ, a na-akpọkwa ya Nnukwu Ọgbawa ma ọ bụ Ọgbawa Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. E nwekwara nke ọzọ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, Ọgbawa Ọdịda Anyanwụ. Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana bụ ihe pụrụ iche nke ala Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. E wezụga na ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide nke na-adịgide adịgide, ọ bụ naanị ọdọ mmiri na-ejide mmiri sitere na mpaghara abụọ dị iche iche nke [[Naịl]]. Mmiri mmiri ọdọ mmiri Turkana na-adọta mmiri ya site na [[Ọcha Ugwu | Ugwu Kenya]] na [[Ethiopian Highlands]]. [[File:A map of Lake Rudolf and the region to the south-west. Reprinted from the Geographical Journal April 1935. (WOMAT-AFR-BEA-305-5).jpg|thumb|Maapụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkanl ]] A chọpụtala na nkume ndị dị n'okpuru ala nke mpaghara ahụ bụ ihe dị ka afọ 522 na 510 nde gara aga (mya). Ọ dịghị mgbawa ọ bụla dị n'oge ahụ. A na-egosi mgbawa site na mgbawa ugwu mgbawa site na ájá ahụ na-adịghị ike. Mgbawa mgbawa ugwu kacha ochie n'ógbè ahụ mere na ugwu Nabwal nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Turkana ma a na-akọ na ọ ruru mya 34.8 na ngwụcha [[Eocene]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McDougall |first1=Ian|last2=Watkins |first2=Ronald T. |date=January 2006|title=Geochronology of the Nabwal Hills: a record of earliest magmatism in the northern Kenyan Rift Valley |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/geochronology-of-the-nabwal-hills-a-record-of-earliest-magmatism-in-the-northern-kenyan-rift-valley/B5BC8346805C488318C51197D2AA2B00 |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=143 |issue=1 |pages=25–39 |doi=10.1017/S0016756805001184 |bibcode=2006GeoM..143...25M |issn=1469-5081|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Njirimara tectonic a na-ahụ anya nke mpaghara ahụ sitere na nnukwu mmịpụta nke [[basalt]] n'elu ala Turkana-Omo na windo 4.18–3.99 mya.<ref>See [http://www.people.carleton.edu/~bhaileab/Petrology/LKNturkana-paper.pdf Mineral chemistry of Turkana basalts and implications for basin development], Karla Knudson, Louise Miltich, Nick Swanson-Hysell. The article is highly technical. Look for the summaries.</ref> A na-akpọ ndị a otu Gombe Basalts. E kewara ha abụọ n'ime Mursi Basalts na Gombi Basalts. A na-amata basalt abụọ ikpeazụ dị ka ihe ndị na-etolite ugwu nkume na ala ndị gbara ọdọ mmiri gburugburu. N'akụkụ Omo nke basin, nke Mursi Basalts, usoro Mursi dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Omo, Nkalabong dị na Omo, na Usno na Shungura n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Omo. O nwere ike ịbụ na ndị a kacha mara amara n'ime usoro ndị a bụ [[Koobi Fora]] dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Turkana na Nachukui dị n'ọdịda anyanwụ. Mgbanwe dị mkpirikpi n'ọkwa ọdọ mmiri yana mmụba ntụ ugwu mgbawa na-apụta n'ógbè ahụ emeela ka mkpuchi ala kpuchie nkume ndị dị n'ala n'ụzọ na-enweghị atụ. Enwere ike ịkọwa oge ndị a kpọmkwem site na nyocha kemịkalụ nke [[tuff]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McDougall |first1=Ian |last2=Brown |first2=Francis H. |date=January 2006|title=Precise ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology for the upper Koobi Fora Formation, Turkana Basin, northern Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-166 |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=163 |issue=1 |pages=205–220 |doi=10.1144/0016-764904-166 |bibcode=2006JGSoc.163..205M |issn=0016-7649|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ebe a kwenyere na mpaghara a bụ ebe e si enweta [[hominin]]s, ụbọchị ndị ahụ dị mkpa maka imepụta usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ nke diachronic, ma [[hominoid]] ma nke na-abụghị nke mmadụ—ya bụ, ma nke "enwe (gụnyere ndị mmadụ)"' ma nke "abụghị nke mmadụ". E gwupụtala ọtụtụ puku. A na-ahụ mbara ala ndị na-anọchite anya osimiri ochie na [[Turkana Basin]]. Nke kachasị elu dị mita 100 n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ (naanị ihe dị ka, ebe ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe), nke mere ihe dị ka afọ 9500 gara aga, na njedebe nke [[Pleistocene]] dịka akụkụ nke [[oge mmiri ozuzo nke Afrịka]].<ref name="Bloszies 64–76">{{Cite journal|last1=Bloszies|first1=C.|last2=Forman|first2=S. L.|last3=Wright|first3=D. K.|date=1 September 2015|title=Water level history for Lake Turkana, Kenya in the past 15,000 years and a variable transition from the African Humid Period to Holocene aridity|journal=Global and Planetary Change|volume=132|pages=64–76|doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.06.006}}</ref> A na-echekarị na Turkana bụ akụkụ nke usoro Nile dị n'elu n'oge ahụ, na-ejikọta na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Baringo]] na nsọtụ ndịda na [[Naịl Ọcha]] n'ebe ugwu, na mgbanwe ala ugwu mgbawa ahụ mebiri njikọ ahụ. Echiche dị otu a na-akọwa ụdị Naịl dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, dịka agụ iyi na ebe a na-akpọ Naịl. Oke mmiri dịkwa ihe dị ka afọ 9000, 6000 na 5000 gara aga, nke ọ bụla sochiri mbelata n'ọkwa ọdọ mmiri nke ihe karịrị mita 40 n'ime ihe na-erughị afọ 200.<ref name="Bloszies 64–76"/> A na-eche na mgbanwe dị na ọnọdụ nke ókèala ikuku Congo metụtara ikike mmiri si n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic iru ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Costa|first1=Kassandra|last2=Russell|first2=James|last3=Konecky|first3=Bronwen|last4=Lamb|first4=Henry|date=1 January 2014|title=Isotopic reconstruction of the African Humid Period and Congo Air Boundary migration at Lake Tana, Ethiopia|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=83|pages=58–67|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.10.031|bibcode=2014QSRv...83...58C|url=https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8H13CRK/download|hdl=2160/42513|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author-link1=Jessica Tierney|last1=Tierney|first1=Jessica E.|last2=Russell|first2=James M.|last3=Sinninghe Damsté|first3=Jaap S.|last4=Huang|first4=Yongsong|last5=Verschuren|first5=Dirk|date=1 April 2011|title=Late Quaternary behavior of the East African monsoon and the importance of the Congo Air Boundary|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=30|issue=7–8|pages=798–807|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.017|bibcode=2011QSRv...30..798T}}</ref> nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Turkana na mmiri ndị dị ya nso.<ref name="Bloszies 64–76"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Junginger|first1=Annett|last2=Roller|first2=Sybille|last3=Olaka|first3=Lydia A.|last4=Trauth|first4=Martin H.|date=15 February 2014|title=The effects of solar irradiation changes on the migration of the Congo Air Boundary and water levels of paleo-Lake Suguta, Northern Kenya Rift, during the African Humid Period (15–5 ka BP)|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=396|pages=1–16|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.007|bibcode=2014PPP...396....1J}}</ref> Ebe [[archaeoastronomical]] [[Namoratunga II|Namoratunga]], nke e dere ihe dị ka afọ 300 [[Oge A Na-ahụkarị|BCE]], dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana. == Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmadụ == [[Hominin]] A hụla ihe ndị e ji mee ụfọdụ ndị nna ochie mmadụ mbụ n'ime Osimiri Turkana. A na-ewere ọdọ mmiri Turkana dị ka ebe ndụ mmadụ si malite n'ihi ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche nke ndị bi n'ime ala ọzara a dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a emeela ka mmadụ ghọta usoro mgbanwe mmadụ na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-egosi na ha sitere n'otu nna ochie karịa, na-agbanwe gaa n'ọtụtụ usoro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herrero |first=Hannah |date=20 May 2022 |title=Discoveries at Lake Turkana |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/discoveries-lake-turkana}}</ref> Mgbanwe dị n'ime oke ọhịa mere ka ndị mmadụ mbụ nwee ike imeghari onwe ha ka ha wee nwee ike ịhụ anụ ọhịa ndị na-eri anụ n'anya nke ukwuu. Ntụ ugwu mgbawa na ebe kpọrọ nkụ dị mma maka ichekwa ihe ndị a dị ndụ mana ọ na-emekwa ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ daa ma ọ bụ pụọ n'anya mgbe ụfọdụ. N'ime ala mmiri kpọrọ nkụ, ebe [[Lomekwi]] atọ ahụ chọtara ngwa ọrụ ochie [[hammer]], [[anvil]], na ịkpụ ihe. Agbanyeghị, mpụta nke teknụzụ Acheulean anaghịzi eche na ojiji ngwaọrụ bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti ụdị "Homo" ebe [[Australopithecus afarensis]] jikwa ngwaọrụ dị mfe tupu ụdị ''[[Homo]]'', ihe karịrị nde afọ 3.3 gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britannica |first=The Editors of Encyclopaedia |date=21 Jan 2016 |title=Lake Turkana remains |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lake-Turkana-remains.}}</ref> ''[[Australopithecus anamensis]]'' ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị dị ndụ nke [[Meave Leakey]] chọpụtara n'afọ 1994 malitere ihe dị ka nde afọ anọ gara aga, na-eme ka ụbọchị mmalite nke ịgba ụkwụ abụọ laghachi azụ ọkara nde afọ. [[Richard Leakey]] eduzila ọtụtụ njem [[mmepe mmadụ|mmadụ]] n'ógbè ahụ nke dugara n'ọtụtụ nchọpụta dị mkpa nke ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe gbasara hominin. A chọtara [[skull 1470]] dị afọ nde abụọ n'afọ 1972. E chere na mbụ na ọ bụ ''[[Homo habilis]]'', mana aha sayensị ''[[Homo rudolfensis]]'', V. P. Alexeev tụrụ aro ya site na aha ochie nke ọdọ mmiri a (Rudolf) na 1986. Na 1984, [[Kamoya Kimeu] chọtara [[Nwa okorobịa Turkana]], ọkpụkpụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke zuru oke nke nwatakịrị ''[[Homo ergaster]]''. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Meave Leakey chọtara okpokoro isi dị nde afọ 3.5 n'ebe ahụ, nke akpọrọ ''[[Kenyanthropus platyops]]'' ("nwoke Kenya nwere ihu dị larịị"). [[Marta Mirazón Lahr]] chọpụtara ihe akaebe mbụ nke agha ụmụ mmadụ n'ebe [[Nataruk]] dị, nke dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri Turkana ochie ma buru ibu, ebe a na-ekwu na ọtụtụ ọkpụkpụ mmadụ na-egosi nnukwu mmerụ ahụ n'isi, olu, ọgịrịga, ikpere na aka bụ ihe akaebe nke esemokwu dị n'etiti otu ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọ ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya|journal = Nature|pages = 394–398|volume = 529|issue = 7586|doi = 10.1038/nature16477|first1 = M. Mirazón|last1 = Lahr|first2 = F.|last2 = Rivera|first3 = R. K.|last3 = Power|first4 = A.|last4 = Mounier|first5 = B.|last5 = Copsey|first6 = F.|last6 = Crivellaro|first7 = J. E.|last7 = Edung|first8 = J. M. Maillo|last8 = Fernandez|first9 = C.|last9 = Kiarie|pmid=26791728|year=2016|url = https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253726|bibcode = 2016Natur.529..394L|s2cid = 4462435}}</ref> A hụrụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 230 n'ebe Koobi Fora dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, ma gbasaa ọkpụkpụ "Homo sapiens" nwere akara ọkpụkpụ n'akụkụ osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ na saịtị Nataruk, mpaghara a na-enye nghọta dị ukwuu banyere ụzọ ụmụ mmadụ mbụ a si too ma lanarị ihu igwe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri na n'ofe ya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bush |first=Eliot |date=27 Jun 2020 |title=The Meaning of Time in the Place Where Humanity's Earliest Ancestors Arose |website=[[Scientific American]] |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-meaning-of-time-in-the-place-where-humanitys-earliest-ancestors-arose/.}}</ref> '[[Homo erectus]]'' bụ onye kacha nso n'ime ndị nna ochie ''Homo sapiens''{{'}} ma zọọ mpi ịbụ onye mbụ ga-agafe ụzọ Levantine site n'Africa gaa Europe na Eshia afọ 1.8 nde gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hogenboom |first=Melissa |date=9 Dec 2015 |title=The Importance of Lake Turkana |url=https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/news/index.php?id=The-Importance-of-Lake-Turkana}}</ref> A na-anọchite anya ọtụtụ asụsụ dị iche iche n'ógbè dị gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lynch|first1=B. M.|last2=Robbins|first2=L. H.|date=1 July 1979|title=Cushitic and Nilotic Prehistory: New Archaeological Evidence from North-West Kenya|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/div-classtitlecushitic-and-nilotic-prehistory-new-archaeological-evidence-from-north-west-kenyadiv/B6CA07A4242B0F6205A90C5E6E5303BF|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=20|issue=3|pages=319–328|doi=10.1017/S0021853700017333|s2cid=162787847 |issn=1469-5138|url-access=subscription}}</ref> nke bụ ihe akaebe maka ọtụtụ njem nke ndị mmadụ dị iche iche ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ. Asụsụ ndị dị ugbu a gụnyere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu atọ dị iche iche nke [[Asụsụ Nilotic|Nilotic]] ([[Asụsụ Nilo-Saharan|Nilo-Saharan]]) na [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] ([[Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]]) ezinụlọ ezinụlọ, bụ́ ndị ekewaala n'ihu n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri na abụọ gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu taa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Eastern and Southern Africa in World History 1000 BC to AD 400|last=Ehret|first=Christopher|publisher=University of Virginia Press|year=1998|isbn=9780813920573}}</ref> Na mbido [[Holocene]] (n'oge [[Holocene climate optimality|Holocene Climatic Optimum]]), ọkwa ọdọ mmiri dị elu, ịkụ azụ na ịzụ nri bụ isi akụ na ụba ndụ. Ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ nọchiri nke a n'ihe dị ka afọ 5000 gara aga, mgbe ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa.<ref name=":0" /> N'oge Holocene nke mechara, mmeghachi omume mmadụ nye mgbanwe ihu igwe gụnyere ịkụ azụ̀ siri ike mgbe ọkwa ọdọ mmiri dị elu na ịgbanwe gaa n'ịzụ ehi mgbe ọkwa ahụ dara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=David K.|last2=Forman|first2=Steven L.|last3=Kiura|first3=Purity|last4=Bloszies|first4=Christopher|last5=Beyin|first5=Amanuel|date=27 June 2015|title=Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya|journal=African Archaeological Review|language=en|volume=32|issue=2|pages=335–367|doi=10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8|issn=0263-0338|doi-access=free}}</ref> A na-ahụ ili ndị megalithic nke gbasaara ebe niile n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ, o yikwara ka ha kwekọrọ n'oge mbụ e webatara anụmanụ ndị a na-azụ n'ógbè ahụ ihe dị ka afọ 5000 gara aga,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Grillo|first1=Katherine M.|last2=Hildebrand|first2=Elisabeth A.|date=1 June 2013|title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000–4000 BP|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|volume=48|issue=2|pages=193–217|doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188|s2cid=162193899|issn=0067-270X}}</ref> mgbe e mesịrị, e liri ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'obere ili.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.african-archaeology.de/index.php?page_id=154&journal_id=42&pdf_id=328|title=Stone Cairns and Material Culture of the Middle to Late Holocene, Lake Turkana|last=D.K. Wright, K.M. Grillo & R. Soper|website=www.african-archaeology.de|language=de|access-date=7 March 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ndị bi n'ógbè a taa na-ebi ndụ dị iche iche, na-agbanwe n'etiti ịchụ nta, ịkụ azụ na ịzụ anụmanụ dabere na ihe enwere ike ime n'otu afọ.<ref name=":0"/> Agbanyeghị, owuwu nke akụrụngwa dịka ọdụ ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst, mwepụta ike (ikuku, mmanụ) na [[Òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị|NGO]] ebe ndị na-ekesa enyemaka emeela ka mpaghara ahụ jikọọ na ihe ndị dị n'èzí ma dabere na ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ndụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233492400|title=Success and Failure: The Breakdown of Traditional Drought Coping Institutions Among the Pastoral Turkana of Kenya|last=McCabe|first=Terrance|date=1990|journal=African and Asian Studies|volume=25|issue=3|pages=146–160|language=en|access-date=7 March 2017|doi=10.1177/002190969002500302|s2cid=220931072}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=MONTCLOS|first1=M.-A. P. D.|last2=KAGWANJA|first2=P. M.|date=1 June 2000|title=Refugee Camps or Cities? The Socio-economic Dynamics of the Dadaab and Kakuma Camps in Northern Kenya|journal=Journal of Refugee Studies|language=en|volume=13|issue=2|pages=205–222|doi=10.1093/jrs/13.2.205|s2cid=145079117|issn=0951-6328}}</ref> Akụnụba ego na-agbakwụnye ụzọ ọdịnala nke ibi ndụ dịka ịzụ anụ ụlọ na ịkụ azụ. == Ike ifufe == Ọrụ Ike Ifufe nke Lake Turkana (LTWP) na-enye ọkụ eletrik 310 MW nye okporo ọkụ eletrik mba Kenya site n'itinye ọnọdụ ifufe pụrụ iche gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-26|title=Home - Lake Turkana Wind Power|url=https://ltwp.co.ke/|access-date=2023-02-07|language=en-US}}</ref> E nwere 365 [[ụgbọala ikuku]], nke ọ bụla nwere ike [[ikike aha]] nke kilowatts 850. E nyere ya ọrụ na Ọktoba 2018. E mepụtara ọrụ azụmaahịa zuru oke na Julaị 2019 mgbe e mechara eriri ọkụ eletrik na-ebuga ihe ndị a. E nwetara ikike 100% (nke pụtara na 310 MW zuru oke emepụtara) na Machị 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Turkana Wind Project - Our journey|url=https://ltwp.co.ke/our-journey/|access-date=2024-03-13}}</ref> ==Ọdọ mmiri== Etiopịala na-arụzi ọdọ mmiri Gibe nke atọ n'akụkụ Osimiri Omo ya, ebe a maara na ọ ga-eme ka mmiri si n'akụkụ osimiri pụta dị ukwuu ma belata mmiri na-abata n'Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana nke Kenya, nke na-enweta pasentị iri itoolu nke mmiri ya site n'osimiri ahụ. Dịka akụkọ ARWG si kwuo, mgbanwe ndị a ga-emebi ụzọ ndụ nke opekata mpe ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ 200,000, Ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọkụ azụ̀ ndị dabere na idei mmiri n'akụkụ Osimiri Omo na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọkụ azụ̀ 300,000 gburugburu ọdọ mmiri Turkana – itinye agbụrụ dị iche iche n'ógbè ahụ n'agha ime ihe ike gafere ókèala nke ruru South Sudan, ebe agụụ na-eche ha niile ihu. Akụkọ a na-egosi nnukwu ihe gbasara usoro mmepe nwere nnukwu nsogbu nke ego ụwa na gọọmentị Africa na-akwalite. N'ime usoro a, ọ na-achọpụta nnukwu ihe egwu ndị a na-eleghara anya ma ọ bụ ndị a na-ebelataghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọ bụghị nke kacha nta bụ atụmatụ nke US Geological Survey nke nwere nnukwu ihe egwu maka ala ọma jijiji nke oke 7 ma ọ bụ 8 na mpaghara Gibe III dam. ===Mmetụta na Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana=== Mmetụta nke ihe mgbochi mmiri na ọrụ ịgba mmiri nke ihe mgbochi mmiri nwere ike inwe na ọkwa mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana bụ ihe a na-arụrịta ụka. Nnyocha mmiri emere maka African Development Bank na Nọvemba 2010 kwubiri na ijupụta mmiri ahụ ga-ebelata mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na mita abụọ, ọ bụrụ na a gaghị eme mmiri ọ bụla. Ịgba mmiri ga-eme ka ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ daa ọzọ. Ndị Enyi nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana, otu nzukọ Kenya nke na-anọchite anya ndị obodo dị na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya nke ihe ndị ha na-ebi na ya jikọtara na Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana, e burula ụzọ kwuo na ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ibelata ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Turkana ruo mita iri, nke ga-emetụta ihe ruru mmadụ 300,000. Nke a nwere ike ime ka mmiri ahụ dị nro mụbaa nke na ndị obodo gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu agaghịzi enwe ike ịṅụ ya. Ugbu a, nnu dị n'ime mmiri ahụ dị ihe dịka 2332mg/L, a na-eme atụmatụ na mbelata mita iri n'ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Turkana nwere ike ime ka nnu dị n'ime mmiri ahụ ruo 3397mg/L. Ịba ụba nnu nwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ azụ̀ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke ukwuu, bụ́ ndị mmadụ gbara Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana gburugburu na-adabere na ya maka ihe oriri na ihe ha ji ebi ndụ. Dịka ndị nkatọ si kwuo, nke a "ga-ama ọdọ mmiri ahụ ikpe ọnwụ na-adịghị nwayọ." Dịka ndị na-akwado mgbochi mmiri si kwuo, mmetụta dị na ọdọ mmiri Turkana ga-abụ naanị mbelata oge na mmiri na-asọ asọ n'oge a na-ejupụta ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ebe dị iche iche na-ekwu na mmiri ahụ nwere ike ịdị n'etiti otu oge mmiri ruo atọ.[9][26] Oke nchekwa nke ọdọ mmiri Gibe III ga-adị n'etiti ijeri cubic mita 11.75 na 14, dabere na isi mmalite. Dịka ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu mgbochi mmiri si kwuo, nke a ga-ebelata ọkwa mmiri dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na "ihe na-erughị 50cm kwa afọ ruo afọ atọ" nakwa na nnu "agaghị agbanwe n'ụzọ ọ bụla".[26] Dịka Kọmitii Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mba Nile si kwuo, 90% nke mmiri Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana na-esi n'Osimiri Omo ebe a ga-ewu Ọdọ Mmiri ahụ.[31] Ebe ọ bụ na ọdọ mmiri Turkana enweghị ebe ọ ga-esi abanye, mmiri ruru mita 2.3 kwa afọ ka mmiri ghara ịpụ apụ, ọkwa ya na-adịkwa mfe nghọta maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na oge. Iji tụnyere ya, ọkwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana dara site na elu nke mita 20 karịa ọkwa taa na afọ 1890 ruo otu ọkwa ahụ taa na afọ 1940 na 1950. Mgbe ahụ, ọ mụbara ọzọ nwayọ nwayọ site na mita asaa ruo n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'ihe dị ka afọ 1980, wee belata ọzọ.[31] Nchịkọta nke Nnyocha Mmetụta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ọha na Eze (ESIA) nke ọrụ ahụ enyochaghị mmetụta nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere n'ọkwa mmiri na ịdị mma nke Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana.[32] Onyeisi nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Mmiri nke Kenya, John Nyaoro, rụrụ ụka na ọdọ mmiri ahụ agaghị enwe mmetụta ọjọọ ọ bụla na Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana.[33] Akụkọ gọọmentị Kenya mere na 2021 kwuru na elu ọdọ mmiri Turkana amụbaala site na 10% n'etiti 2010 na 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Kenya Government and UNDP |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-06 |archivedate=2022-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Leekwa == {{Commons}} * [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam]] * [[Hadar, Ethiopia]] * [[Laetoli]] * [[Lake Suguta]] * [[List of rivers of Kenya]] * [[Middle Awash]] * [[Olduvai Gorge]] * [[Omo Kibish Formation]] * [[Rift Valley lakes]] * [[Tugen Hills]] ==N'ọdịnala ama ama== *A na-egosi Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana n'egwuregwu vidiyo nke afọ 2002 ''[[Xenosaga Episode I: Der Wille zur Macht]]''. N'okwu mmalite nke egwuregwu ahụ, nke e mere na 20XX AD, njem ihe mgbe ochie na Lake Turkana chọpụtara Zohar, otu ihe omimi dị omimi nke na-eje ozi dị ka isi ihe dị na akụkọ egwuregwu ahụ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Script of Xenosaga Episode I – Prologue|url=https://www.xenoserieswiki.org/wiki/Script_of_Xenosaga_Episode_I/Prologue|publisher=Xeno Series Wiki|access-date=2025-10-12}}</ref> * Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ (na [[Loiyangalani]]) bụ ebe e si dee akwụkwọ akụkọ [[[John le Carré]] nke akpọrọ ''[[The Constant Gardener]]'', ọ bụkwa ebe e si dee ihe nkiri ahụ nke nwere otu aha ahụ. *Akụkụ nke ihe ndị mere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ''"Невозвращенец"'' ("The Non-Returnee") nke [[Andrei Gusev]] mere n'ụsọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Turkana na Loiyangalani (n'akụkụ nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ a).<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''"Невозвращенец"'' ("The Non-Returnee")] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2023</ref><ref>[https://andrei-gusev.narod.ru/Non-Returnee.htm ''"Невозвращенец"'' ("The Non-Returnee")] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2022</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Isi mmalite == * ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' under "Rudolf, Lake" * ''Chambers World Gazetteer'', ed. David Munro, W & R Chambers Ltd. & The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 5th Edition, 1988, {{ISBN|978-1-85296-200-5}} under ''Turkana, Lake.'' * ''Quest for the Jade Sea: Colonial Competition Around an East African Lake'', by [[Pascal James Imperato]] and published by Westview Press, 1998 {{ISBN|0813327911}}. * ''Where Giants Trod: The Saga of Kenya's Desert Lake'', by Monty Brown and published by Quiller Press, 1989 {{ISBN|1870948254}}. Descriptions of the various discovery expeditions to Lake Turkana in the 19th century. The accounts inevitably offer observations about the geology and anthropology of the area. *Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Lake Turkana remains". ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 21 Jan. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lake-Turkana-remains. Accessed 30 May 2022. * Bush, Eliot. "The Meaning of Time in the Place Where Humanity's Earliest Ancestors Arose". ''Scientific American'', 27 Jun. 2020, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-meaning-of-time-in-the-place-where-humanitys-earliest-ancestors-arose/. * Herrero, Hannah. "Discoveries at Lake Turkana". ''National Geographic'', 20 May 2022, https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/discoveries-lake-turkana. * Hogenboom, Melissa. "The Importance of Lake Turkana". ''Bradshaw Foundation'', 9 Dec. 2015, https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/news/index.php?id=The-Importance-of-Lake-Turkana. == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} * [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080510070614/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/sibiloi.html Lake Turkana's entry on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041020044329/http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/earthshots/slow/Turkana/Turkana Satellite images showing Lake Turkana's falling water levels] * [http://www.kfrp.com Ongoing Palaeoanthropological research in the Turkana Basin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060118225224/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/afr-20.html World Lakes Database] * [http://www.tours-kenya.net/lake-turkana-national-park.html Lake Turkana National Park]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} * {{WWF ecoregion|name=Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands|id=at1313}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020937/http://www.originsafaris.info/brochure/CradleofMankind07.pdf Remote Tribes of Northern Kenya] * [http://www.junglephotos.com/africa/afanimals/reptiles/crocodilenathist.shtml Crocodile Natural History] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210216203655/http://www.arwg-gibe.org/ Africa Resources Working Group Gibe III Dam Lake Turkana] * [http://www.turkanabasin.org The Turkana Basin Institute] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050324014526/http://sibiloi.com/ Sibiloi National Park, World Heritage Site] {{African Great Lakes}} {{Lakes of Kenya}} {{Great Rift Valley, Kenya}} {{Turkana Basin}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turkana}} tow0a92slf51d9mwtmrkay5ulqvf361 0 77496 688101 673628 2026-07-14T19:38:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Mouton_sur_la_route_de_Entrevaux_a_Annot_0566.JPG|thumb|Ịgagharị na Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France]] Transshumance bụ ụdị ịzụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ịla ezumike nká, mmegharị oge nke anụ ụlọ n'etiti ebe a na-ata anụ ụlọ n'oge okpomọkụ na oge oyi. Na mpaghara ugwu (transhumance kwụ ọtọ), ọ na-apụta ngagharị n'etiti ebe a na-ata anụ ụlọ dị elu n'oge ọkọchị na ndagwurugwu ndị dị ala n'oge oyi. Ndị na-azụ anụ nwere ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-abụkarị na ndagwurugwu. N'ozuzu, naanị ìgwè ehi na-eme njem, yana ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ dị mkpa iji lekọta ha, ebe ndị isi bi na-anọ n'okpuru ala. N'ụzọ dị iche, mmegharị n'ala dị larịị ma ọ bụ ala dị larịị (transhumance kwụ ọtọ) na-adịkarị mfe ịdaba na mgbanwe ihu igwe, akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Blench|first=Roger|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/work/projects/pdn/eps.pdf|title='You can't go home again' – Pastoralism in the new millennium|date=17 May 2001|publisher=Overseas Development Institute|location=London|accessdate=23 August 2011}}</ref> Mgbanwe omenala ma ọ bụ nke a na-ejighị n'aka emeela n'ụwa niile, ọkachasị [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Asia|Eshia]]. Ọ na-adịkarị mkpa maka ndị na-azụ anụ, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi nke ìgwè atụrụ na ìgwè atụrụ (mmiri ara ehi, bọta, yogọt na cheese) nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ n'ime nri nke ndị dị otú ahụ. N'ọtụtụ asụsụ, e nwere okwu maka ebe ịta nri dị elu n'oge okpomọkụ, a na-ejikwa okwu ndị a eme ihe ugboro ugboro dị ka aha ebe: dịka hafod na Wales, shieling na Scotland, ma ọ bụ alp na Germany, Austria na mpaghara ndị na-asụ German na Switzerland. == Okwu mmalite na nkọwa == Okwu a bụ transhumance sitere na French ma si na okwu Latin trans "across" na humus "ala". N'ezie, ọ pụtara ịgafe ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/transhumance-the-seasonal-droving-of-livestock-01964|title=Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage|work=ich.unesco.org}}</ref> Transshumance malitere na kọntinent ọ bụla a na-ebi. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọdịiche dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị na teknụzụ, omume ndị dị n'okpuru iji uru nke ebe ịta nri dịpụrụ adịpụ yiri n'asụsụ. [[Faịlụ:Transhumance-Aigoual-1.jpg|thumb|Ịkwaga atụrụ n'okporo ụzọ ndị na-azụ atụrụ na Massif Central, France]] Khazanov kewara ụdị ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'ime otu ise dịka ndị a: "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi dị ọcha", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'ebe dị anya" na "ọrụ nlekọta ndị mmadụ n'oge ọ bụla. Eickelman anaghị eme ka a mata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nlekọta ndị mmadụ n'oge ọ bụla na ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla, mana o doro anya na ọ na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla na ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla.. == Tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme == E nwere ihe akaebe na a na-eme njem n'ụwa niile tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme edere: na Europe, ọmụmụ isotope nke ọkpụkpụ anụ ụlọ na-egosi na a na'oge ụfọdụ anụmanụ.<ref name="Costello"/> : 27 : 27  Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ndị Hill gburugburu ụwa na-egosi na ihe ọmụma ndị obodo gbasara mgbanwe mmadụ ga-abụrịrị na ọ dịla ndụ kemgbe ọtụtụ ọgbọ iji nye ohere inweta nkà zuru oke iji mee nke ọma n'ógbè ugwu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">Achọrọ ihe e dere n'ebe a</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ọtụtụ [[Droving|ndị na-azụ anụ]] maara [[Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide|ọrụ ugbo]], [[Ịzụ atụrụ|ịzụ anụ ụlọ]] yana oke ọhịa na mmiri oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na njikwa iyi ngwa ngwa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Louhaichi|first=Mounir|date=2021-06-25|title=Rangeland Biodiversity and Climate Variability: Supporting the Need for Flexible Grazing Management|journal=Sustainability|volume=13|issue=13|pages=7124|doi=10.3390/su13137124|issn=2071-1050}}</ref> == Europe == === Ugwu Alps === [[Faịlụ:Transhumance_ways_of_the_Vlachs.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|500x500px|Ịgagharị ndị Romanian na ndị Vlach na Balkan]] [[Faịlụ:Raffet_-_Berger_du_Banat.jpg|thumb|Onye ọzụzụ atụrụ Vlach na Banat]] Na Balkans, ndị Albania, ndị Gris Sarakatsani, ndị Eastern Romance (ndị Romania, ndị Aromania, ndị Megleno-Romanians na ndị Istro-Romanians) na ndị Yörük nke Turkey na-anọkarị ọnwa okpomọkụ n'ugwu ma laghachi na ala dị ala n'oge oyi. Mgbe mpaghara ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Austro-Hungary na Ottoman, ókèala dị n'etiti Gris, Albania, Bulgaria na Yugoslavia mbụ adịghị egbochi. N'oge ọkọchị, ụfọdụ ìgwè na-aga ruo n'ebe ugwu ruo Ugwu Balkan, ha na-anọkwa n'oge oyi n'ala dị ọkụ n'akụkụ Oké Osimiri Aegean. Ndị Morlach ma ọ bụ Karavlach bụ ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ nke Eastern Romance ("ndị nna ochie" nke ndị Istro-Romanians) bụ́ ndị bi na Dinaric Alps (ndị Balkans ọdịda anyanwụ nke oge a), na-akwaga mgbe niile na-achọ ebe ịta nri ka mma maka ìgwè atụrụ ha. Mana ka mba dị iche iche pụtara n'ógbè Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman mbụ, e mepụtara ókèala steeti ọhụrụ nke kewara ebe obibi oge okpomọkụ na oyi nke ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ atụrụ. Ihe ndị a gbochiri mmegharị dị mfe n'ofe ókèala, karịsịa n'oge agha, nke a na-emekarị. === Poland === Na Poland, a na-akpọ transhumance redyk, ọ bụkwa emume nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ìgwè atụrụ ha na nkịta ha na-azụ atụrụ ịga rie nri n'ugwu (spring redyk), yana nlọghachi ha site na ịta nri (utumn redyk). N'asụsụ ugwu mpaghara, a na-akpọ uosod uosod, nke sitere na okwu Polish {{Lang|pol|uosiadć}} (ôsawiedź), nke pụtara "ịlaghachi atụrụ n'ugbo nke ọ bụla". E nwekwara echiche na ọ sitere na okwu uozchod (ôzchod), nke pụtara "nkewapụ atụrụ na gazdōwek (ugbo) nke ọ bụla". N'okwu a, enwere ike ịnwe mfu zuru oke nke ịkpọpụta ch, nke n'asụsụ Podhale (Poland) n'ụdị ọnọdụ a na-akpọ h nke a na-anaghị anụ nke ọma (nke a na-akpọ ụda h), n'otu aka ahụ na okwu schować, nke a na-akpọ n'asụsụ ugwu dị ka sowa. N'akwụkwọ Ncheta nke Tatra Society nke afọ 1876, a kọwara ụzọ e si eme nke a: "[...] ha na-azụ atụrụ site n'obodo dum gaa n'otu ebe ha kwekọrịtara, nye ha ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ otu otu, wee gwakọta ha ọnụ ma gụọ ọnụọgụ nke ìgwè atụrụ dum (ìgwè atụrụ). Nke a bụ ihe ha na-akpọ "agụmakwụkwọ". A na-agụ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ụzọ nke na otu juhas, onye ji chaplet n'aka ya, na-etinye otu mkpụrụ osisi maka atụrụ iri ọ bụla a gụrụ. Nke abụọ na-ewere otu atụrụ n'ìgwè atụrụ ahụ, ka ọ na-ahapụ ya ka ọ pụọ n'ogige ndị e ji ogige gbaa ogige, ọ na-agụta: otu, abụọ, atọ, wdg ruo iri, mgbe nke ọ bụla gasịrị, ọ na-akpọ: "desat" E jiri usoro anwansi tupu e duzie atụrụ ahụ, e chere na ọ ga-echebe ha pụọ na ọdachi na ịbụ ndị a na-eme anwansi. Maka nke a, a na-agba ọkụ ma na-edu atụrụ n'ọkụ. Ọ malitere site na mbilite n'ọnwụ nke "ọkụ nsọ" dị na kolyba (ụlọ onye ọzụzụ atụrụ). Omenala kwuru na site n'ụbọchị ahụ gaa n'ihu, onye ọzụzụ atụrụ bụ isi - onye ọzụzụ atụrụ - ga-anọgide na-ere ya mgbe niile. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-edu atụrụ gburugburu obere osisi chevron ma ọ bụ osisi spruce rapaara n'ala - nke a na-akpọ mojka (nke a na-eche na ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya ahụike na ike nke onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụlọ nzukọ ahụ) ma jiri ahịhịa na-ere ọkụ ma wetara ha połazzka na sałasz. E bu n'uche ka a sachapụ ha ọrịa ma gbochie ọdachi. Mgbe ahụ, a na-azụ ìgwè atụrụ gburugburu ya ugboro atọ, nke e bu n'uche ka ha tinye atụrụ n'otu ìgwè ma gbochie anụmanụ ọ bụla ịgbapụ. Ọrụ Baca bụ ịdọpụ atụrụ n'azụ ya, na-enyere onwe ya aka na nnu nke ọ fesaara ìgwè atụrụ ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke nkịta na ọkpọ, Juhasi gbara ìgwè atụrụ ahụ ume ma hụ na atụrụ ahụ na-eso onye ọzụzụ atụrụ ahụ. Atụrụ ndị dara n'èzí gburugburu ahụ gosiri na ha na-arịa ọrịa. E kwenyere na ọnụọgụ atụrụ ndị dara n'èzí okirikiri ahụ ga-anwụ n'oge na-abịa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Nnọ n'ọhịa (hala) na-amalite n'ụbọchị St. Wojciech (23 Eprel), ma kwụsị n'ụbọchị Michaelmas (29 Septemba). Ụzọ a e si azụ atụrụ bụ ihe ochie nke ọrụ ugbo transhumant, nke a na-ahụkarị na Carpathians. (Ọrụ ugbo transhumant nke Carpathian). N'omenala ịzụ atụrụ na Poland, a na-ahụ Redyk dị ka ememme obodo kacha mma. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enye atụrụ ha nye onye ọzụzụ atụrụ maka oge niile, tupu ha ata nri n'ọhịa, na-edepụta ha (ọtụtụ mgbe site n'itinye akara n'osisi, osisi ma ọ bụ osisi onye ọzụzụ atụrụ), na-akara ha akara ma tinye ha n'ime nkata e ji tynin mee. Na Ncheta nke Tatra Society site na 1876, a kọwara ụzọ e si eme nke a: "[...] ha na-azụ atụrụ site n'obodo dum gaa n'otu ebe ha kwekọrịtara, na-enye ha ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ otu otu, wee gwakọta ha ọnụ ma gụọ ọnụọgụ nke ìgwè atụrụ dum (ìgwè atụrụ). A chịkọtara atụrụ nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ niile n'otu ebe n'ala ugwu, e mesịakwa kpụọ otu nnukwu ìgwè atụrụ gaa na szalas. [ O doro anya na nke a bụ okwu Hungary nke sałasz, yabụ na ọ bụghị nke dị na ngalaba Poland. ] E mesikwara okwu ike nke ọma n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke hala: e nwere ịgba égbè, ịkụ ọkpọ na iti mkpu ruo ebe niile. E bu n'obi nke a ịchụpụ mmụọ ọjọọ n'anụmanụ ha ma mee ka ìgwè atụrụ ahụ dum dịrị n'otu. Mgbe emume ahụ gasịrị, e nwere egwu na ịgba egwu ọnụ. Ndị egwu ahụ kpọrọ ngwa egwu ọdịnala: gajdas na violin. Dịka egwu si sonye, ndị Sałashniks mere egwu kacha ochie - owiedziok, owczarza, kolomajka, swinszczok, na masztołka. Redyk gụnyere ọtụtụ omume obodo, emume na emume. N'oge a, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ntụrụndụ ọdịnala obodo. Oge opupu ihe ubi na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke oge a, Redyk (ụgbọ atụrụ) nwere àgwà nke ihe ngosi ọdịnala nke a na-agwa ndị obodo na ndị njem nleta, kamakwa nye ndị bi n'ugwu n'onwe ha, ndị ga-amata omenala ha. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahazi redyk nkịtị na Czechia, Slovakia na Romania. Na Poland, ndị nhazi bụ Transhumant Pastoral Foundation. === Briten === ==== Wales ==== [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Faịlụ:Mouton_sur_la_route_de_Entrevaux_a_Annot_0566.JPG|thumb|Ịgagharị na Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France]] Transshumance bụ ụdị ịzụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ịla ezumike nká, mmegharị oge nke anụ ụlọ n'etiti ebe a na-ata anụ ụlọ n'oge okpomọkụ na oge oyi. Na mpaghara ugwu (transhumance kwụ ọtọ), ọ na-apụta ngagharị n'etiti ebe a na-ata anụ ụlọ dị elu n'oge ọkọchị na ndagwurugwu ndị dị ala n'oge oyi. Ndị na-azụ anụ nwere ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-abụkarị na ndagwurugwu. N'ozuzu, naanị ìgwè ehi na-eme njem, yana ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ dị mkpa iji lekọta ha, ebe ndị isi bi na-anọ n'okpuru ala. N'ụzọ dị iche, mmegharị n'ala dị larịị ma ọ bụ ala dị larịị (transhumance kwụ ọtọ) na-adịkarị mfe ịdaba na mgbanwe ihu igwe, akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Blench|first=Roger|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/work/projects/pdn/eps.pdf|title='You can't go home again' – Pastoralism in the new millennium|date=17 May 2001|publisher=Overseas Development Institute|location=London|accessdate=23 August 2011}}</ref> Mgbanwe omenala ma ọ bụ nke a na-ejighị n'aka emeela n'ụwa niile, ọkachasị [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Asia|Eshia]]. Ọ na-adịkarị mkpa maka ndị na-azụ anụ, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi nke ìgwè atụrụ na ìgwè atụrụ (mmiri ara ehi, bọta, yogọt na cheese) nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ n'ime nri nke ndị dị otú ahụ. N'ọtụtụ asụsụ, e nwere okwu maka ebe ịta nri dị elu n'oge okpomọkụ, a na-ejikwa okwu ndị a eme ihe ugboro ugboro dị ka aha ebe: dịka hafod na Wales, shieling na Scotland, ma ọ bụ alp na Germany, Austria na mpaghara ndị na-asụ German na Switzerland. == Okwu mmalite na nkọwa == Okwu a bụ transhumance sitere na French ma si na okwu Latin trans "across" na humus "ala". N'ezie, ọ pụtara ịgafe ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/transhumance-the-seasonal-droving-of-livestock-01964|title=Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage|work=ich.unesco.org}}</ref> Transshumance malitere na kọntinent ọ bụla a na-ebi. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọdịiche dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị na teknụzụ, omume ndị dị n'okpuru iji uru nke ebe ịta nri dịpụrụ adịpụ yiri n'asụsụ. [[Faịlụ:Transhumance-Aigoual-1.jpg|thumb|Ịkwaga atụrụ n'okporo ụzọ ndị na-azụ atụrụ na Massif Central, France]] Khazanov kewara ụdị ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'ime otu ise dịka ndị a: "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi dị ọcha", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'ebe dị anya" na "ọrụ nlekọta ndị mmadụ n'oge ọ bụla. Eickelman anaghị eme ka a mata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nlekọta ndị mmadụ n'oge ọ bụla na ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla, mana o doro anya na ọ na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla na ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla.. == Tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme == E nwere ihe akaebe na a na-eme njem n'ụwa niile tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme edere: na Europe, ọmụmụ isotope nke ọkpụkpụ anụ ụlọ na-egosi na a na'oge ụfọdụ anụmanụ.<ref name="Costello"/> : 27 : 27  Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ndị Hill gburugburu ụwa na-egosi na ihe ọmụma ndị obodo gbasara mgbanwe mmadụ ga-abụrịrị na ọ dịla ndụ kemgbe ọtụtụ ọgbọ iji nye ohere inweta nkà zuru oke iji mee nke ọma n'ógbè ugwu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">Achọrọ ihe e dere n'ebe a</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ọtụtụ [[Droving|ndị na-azụ anụ]] maara [[Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide|ọrụ ugbo]], [[Ịzụ atụrụ|ịzụ anụ ụlọ]] yana oke ọhịa na mmiri oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na njikwa iyi ngwa ngwa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Louhaichi|first=Mounir|date=2021-06-25|title=Rangeland Biodiversity and Climate Variability: Supporting the Need for Flexible Grazing Management|journal=Sustainability|volume=13|issue=13|pages=7124|doi=10.3390/su13137124|issn=2071-1050}}</ref> == Europe == === Ugwu Alps === [[Faịlụ:Transhumance_ways_of_the_Vlachs.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|500x500px|Ịgagharị ndị Romanian na ndị Vlach na Balkan]] [[Faịlụ:Raffet_-_Berger_du_Banat.jpg|thumb|Onye ọzụzụ atụrụ Vlach na Banat]] Na Balkans, ndị Albania, ndị Gris Sarakatsani, ndị Eastern Romance (ndị Romania, ndị Aromania, ndị Megleno-Romanians na ndị Istro-Romanians) na ndị Yörük nke Turkey na-anọkarị ọnwa okpomọkụ n'ugwu ma laghachi na ala dị ala n'oge oyi. Mgbe mpaghara ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Austro-Hungary na Ottoman, ókèala dị n'etiti Gris, Albania, Bulgaria na Yugoslavia mbụ adịghị egbochi. N'oge ọkọchị, ụfọdụ ìgwè na-aga ruo n'ebe ugwu ruo Ugwu Balkan, ha na-anọkwa n'oge oyi n'ala dị ọkụ n'akụkụ Oké Osimiri Aegean. Ndị Morlach ma ọ bụ Karavlach bụ ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ nke Eastern Romance ("ndị nna ochie" nke ndị Istro-Romanians) bụ́ ndị bi na Dinaric Alps (ndị Balkans ọdịda anyanwụ nke oge a), na-akwaga mgbe niile na-achọ ebe ịta nri ka mma maka ìgwè atụrụ ha. Mana ka mba dị iche iche pụtara n'ógbè Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman mbụ, e mepụtara ókèala steeti ọhụrụ nke kewara ebe obibi oge okpomọkụ na oyi nke ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ atụrụ. Ihe ndị a gbochiri mmegharị dị mfe n'ofe ókèala, karịsịa n'oge agha, nke a na-emekarị. === Poland === Na Poland, a na-akpọ transhumance redyk, ọ bụkwa emume nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ìgwè atụrụ ha na nkịta ha na-azụ atụrụ ịga rie nri n'ugwu (spring redyk), yana nlọghachi ha site na ịta nri (utumn redyk). N'asụsụ ugwu mpaghara, a na-akpọ uosod uosod, nke sitere na okwu Polish {{Lang|pol|uosiadć}} (ôsawiedź), nke pụtara "ịlaghachi atụrụ n'ugbo nke ọ bụla". E nwekwara echiche na ọ sitere na okwu uozchod (ôzchod), nke pụtara "nkewapụ atụrụ na gazdōwek (ugbo) nke ọ bụla". N'okwu a, enwere ike ịnwe mfu zuru oke nke ịkpọpụta ch, nke n'asụsụ Podhale (Poland) n'ụdị ọnọdụ a na-akpọ h nke a na-anaghị anụ nke ọma (nke a na-akpọ ụda h), n'otu aka ahụ na okwu schować, nke a na-akpọ n'asụsụ ugwu dị ka sowa. N'akwụkwọ Ncheta nke Tatra Society nke afọ 1876, a kọwara ụzọ e si eme nke a: "[...] ha na-azụ atụrụ site n'obodo dum gaa n'otu ebe ha kwekọrịtara, nye ha ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ otu otu, wee gwakọta ha ọnụ ma gụọ ọnụọgụ nke ìgwè atụrụ dum (ìgwè atụrụ). Nke a bụ ihe ha na-akpọ "agụmakwụkwọ". A na-agụ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ụzọ nke na otu juhas, onye ji chaplet n'aka ya, na-etinye otu mkpụrụ osisi maka atụrụ iri ọ bụla a gụrụ. Nke abụọ na-ewere otu atụrụ n'ìgwè atụrụ ahụ, ka ọ na-ahapụ ya ka ọ pụọ n'ogige ndị e ji ogige gbaa ogige, ọ na-agụta: otu, abụọ, atọ, wdg ruo iri, mgbe nke ọ bụla gasịrị, ọ na-akpọ: "desat" E jiri usoro anwansi tupu e duzie atụrụ ahụ, e chere na ọ ga-echebe ha pụọ na ọdachi na ịbụ ndị a na-eme anwansi. Maka nke a, a na-agba ọkụ ma na-edu atụrụ n'ọkụ. Ọ malitere site na mbilite n'ọnwụ nke "ọkụ nsọ" dị na kolyba (ụlọ onye ọzụzụ atụrụ). Omenala kwuru na site n'ụbọchị ahụ gaa n'ihu, onye ọzụzụ atụrụ bụ isi - onye ọzụzụ atụrụ - ga-anọgide na-ere ya mgbe niile. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-edu atụrụ gburugburu obere osisi chevron ma ọ bụ osisi spruce rapaara n'ala - nke a na-akpọ mojka (nke a na-eche na ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya ahụike na ike nke onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụlọ nzukọ ahụ) ma jiri ahịhịa na-ere ọkụ ma wetara ha połazzka na sałasz. E bu n'uche ka a sachapụ ha ọrịa ma gbochie ọdachi. Mgbe ahụ, a na-azụ ìgwè atụrụ gburugburu ya ugboro atọ, nke e bu n'uche ka ha tinye atụrụ n'otu ìgwè ma gbochie anụmanụ ọ bụla ịgbapụ. Ọrụ Baca bụ ịdọpụ atụrụ n'azụ ya, na-enyere onwe ya aka na nnu nke ọ fesaara ìgwè atụrụ ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke nkịta na ọkpọ, Juhasi gbara ìgwè atụrụ ahụ ume ma hụ na atụrụ ahụ na-eso onye ọzụzụ atụrụ ahụ. Atụrụ ndị dara n'èzí gburugburu ahụ gosiri na ha na-arịa ọrịa. E kwenyere na ọnụọgụ atụrụ ndị dara n'èzí okirikiri ahụ ga-anwụ n'oge na-abịa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Nnọ n'ọhịa (hala) na-amalite n'ụbọchị St. Wojciech (23 Eprel), ma kwụsị n'ụbọchị Michaelmas (29 Septemba). Ụzọ a e si azụ atụrụ bụ ihe ochie nke ọrụ ugbo transhumant, nke a na-ahụkarị na Carpathians. (Ọrụ ugbo transhumant nke Carpathian). N'omenala ịzụ atụrụ na Poland, a na-ahụ Redyk dị ka ememme obodo kacha mma. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enye atụrụ ha nye onye ọzụzụ atụrụ maka oge niile, tupu ha ata nri n'ọhịa, na-edepụta ha (ọtụtụ mgbe site n'itinye akara n'osisi, osisi ma ọ bụ osisi onye ọzụzụ atụrụ), na-akara ha akara ma tinye ha n'ime nkata e ji tynin mee. Na Ncheta nke Tatra Society site na 1876, a kọwara ụzọ e si eme nke a: "[...] ha na-azụ atụrụ site n'obodo dum gaa n'otu ebe ha kwekọrịtara, na-enye ha ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ otu otu, wee gwakọta ha ọnụ ma gụọ ọnụọgụ nke ìgwè atụrụ dum (ìgwè atụrụ). A chịkọtara atụrụ nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ niile n'otu ebe n'ala ugwu, e mesịakwa kpụọ otu nnukwu ìgwè atụrụ gaa na szalas. [ O doro anya na nke a bụ okwu Hungary nke sałasz, yabụ na ọ bụghị nke dị na ngalaba Poland. ] E mesikwara okwu ike nke ọma n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke hala: e nwere ịgba égbè, ịkụ ọkpọ na iti mkpu ruo ebe niile. E bu n'obi nke a ịchụpụ mmụọ ọjọọ n'anụmanụ ha ma mee ka ìgwè atụrụ ahụ dum dịrị n'otu. Mgbe emume ahụ gasịrị, e nwere egwu na ịgba egwu ọnụ. Ndị egwu ahụ kpọrọ ngwa egwu ọdịnala: gajdas na violin. Dịka egwu si sonye, ndị Sałashniks mere egwu kacha ochie - owiedziok, owczarza, kolomajka, swinszczok, na masztołka. Redyk gụnyere ọtụtụ omume obodo, emume na emume. N'oge a, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ntụrụndụ ọdịnala obodo. Oge opupu ihe ubi na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke oge a, Redyk (ụgbọ atụrụ) nwere àgwà nke ihe ngosi ọdịnala nke a na-agwa ndị obodo na ndị njem nleta, kamakwa nye ndị bi n'ugwu n'onwe ha, ndị ga-amata omenala ha. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahazi redyk nkịtị na Czechia, Slovakia na Romania. Na Poland, ndị nhazi bụ Transhumant Pastoral Foundation. === Briten === ==== Wales ==== * [https://www.fao.org/4/Y4856E/y4856e05.htm Mkparịta ụka nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US gbasara Eshia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060331133736/http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=%2Fdocrep%2Ft6260e%2Ft6260e02.htm Mkparịta ụka Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US gbasara Afrịka] Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090331200354/http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/roman_africa/TRANSHUM.HTM Mgbanwe Mmadụ na 'Ebe Nchere' na Ugwu Afrịka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060228100800/http://www.australianalps.deh.gov.au/publications/cultural-values/pubs/cultural-values.pdf Mgbanwe mmadụ n'ọdịnala pere mpe na Australia] * Archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20160203223113/http://anthro.palomar.edu/subsistence/sub_3.htm Ịzụ Ụmụ anụmanụ] na 3 Febụwarị 2016 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081114210429/https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/geography/geog12.htm Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke transhumance na North America] * [http://www.alporama.ch Ndekọ ala Switzerland nke ala ahịhịa alpine (German)] * [http://www.madrid-guide-spain.com/la-transhumancia.html La transhumancia na Madrid Spain] * [https://www.merano-suedtirol.it/en/schnalstal-valley/summer/culture/annual-transhumance-in-schnalstal-valley/ Mgbanwe mmadụ site na Ndagwurugwu Schnals (Italy) ruo Ndagwurugwu Ötz (Austria)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081022133440/http://www.uv.es/metode/numero36/78_36.html Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Lionel Martorell, otu n'ime ndị pastọ ikpeazụ na-eme ihe ọjọọ na Eastern Spain] == South America == [[Faịlụ:Gauchos_in_Calchaquí_Valleys,_Argentina_04.jpg|thumb|Gauchos na ndagwurugwu Calchaquí, Argentina]] Mgbanwe mmadụ na South America dabere na ndị otu "cowboy", ndị gaucho nke Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay na (na mkpoputa "gaúcho") ndịda Brazil, ndị llanero nke Colombia na Venezuela, na ndị huaso nke Chile. A na-eme Transhumance ugbu a ma ọ dịkarịa ala na Argentina, Chile, Peru na Bolivia, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andaluz Westreicher|first=Carlos|year=2007|title=The Economics of Pastoralism: Study on Current Practices in South America|journal=Nomadic Peoples|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.3167/np.2007.110205|id=pp. 87–105. (Print), 1752–2366 (Online)}}</ref> yana na Pantanal nke ndị Brazil. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=de Abreu|first=Urbano Gomes Pinto|year=2010|title=Cattle ranching, conservation and transhumance in the Brazilian Pantanal|journal=Pastoralism|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.3362/2041-7136.2010.007|id=pp. 99–114. (print), 2041-7136 (online)}}</ref> Ọ na-agụnyekarị mmegharị ehi na Pantanal na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Argentina. Na Altiplano, obodo nke ndị obodo na-adabere n'ịzụ camel, karịsịa llamas. A na-achịkwa ìgwè ewu site na transhumance na North Neuquén na South Mendoza, ebe a na-ejikarị atụrụ eme ihe na mbara ala Patagonian. Criollos na ndị obodo na-eji usoro transhumant eme ihe n'ebe ndịda America == Ébém si de == * Jones, Schuyler . "Echereghachila Mgbanwe Mmadụ". ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Royal Anthropological Institute'', London, 2005. * Costello, Eugene & Svensson, Eva (ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme). [[iarchive:historicalarchaeologiesoftranshumanceacrosseurope|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mgbanwe Mmadụ n'ofe Europe]] Routledge, London, 2018. * Jones, Schuyler. ''Ndị ikom nwere mmetụta: Njikwa ọha na eze na idozi esemokwu na Waigal Valley, Afghanistan'' . Seminar Press, London na New York, 1974. *  Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede sitere na ọrụ == Njikọ ndị ọzọ == [[Faịlụ:Mouton_sur_la_route_de_Entrevaux_a_Annot_0566.JPG|thumb|Ịgagharị na Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France]] Transshumance bụ ụdị ịzụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ịla ezumike nká, mmegharị oge nke anụ ụlọ n'etiti ebe a na-ata anụ ụlọ n'oge okpomọkụ na oge oyi. Na mpaghara ugwu (transhumance kwụ ọtọ), ọ na-apụta ngagharị n'etiti ebe a na-ata anụ ụlọ dị elu n'oge ọkọchị na ndagwurugwu ndị dị ala n'oge oyi. Ndị na-azụ anụ nwere ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-abụkarị na ndagwurugwu. N'ozuzu, naanị ìgwè ehi na-eme njem, yana ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ dị mkpa iji lekọta ha, ebe ndị isi bi na-anọ n'okpuru ala. N'ụzọ dị iche, mmegharị n'ala dị larịị ma ọ bụ ala dị larịị (transhumance kwụ ọtọ) na-adịkarị mfe ịdaba na mgbanwe ihu igwe, akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Blench|first=Roger|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/work/projects/pdn/eps.pdf|title='You can't go home again' – Pastoralism in the new millennium|date=17 May 2001|publisher=Overseas Development Institute|location=London|accessdate=23 August 2011}}</ref> Mgbanwe omenala ma ọ bụ nke a na-ejighị n'aka emeela n'ụwa niile, ọkachasị [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Asia|Eshia]]. Ọ na-adịkarị mkpa maka ndị na-azụ anụ, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi nke ìgwè atụrụ na ìgwè atụrụ (mmiri ara ehi, bọta, yogọt na cheese) nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ n'ime nri nke ndị dị otú ahụ. N'ọtụtụ asụsụ, e nwere okwu maka ebe ịta nri dị elu n'oge okpomọkụ, a na-ejikwa okwu ndị a eme ihe ugboro ugboro dị ka aha ebe: dịka hafod na Wales, shieling na Scotland, ma ọ bụ alp na Germany, Austria na mpaghara ndị na-asụ German na Switzerland. == Okwu mmalite na nkọwa == Okwu a bụ transhumance sitere na French ma si na okwu Latin trans "across" na humus "ala". N'ezie, ọ pụtara ịgafe ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/transhumance-the-seasonal-droving-of-livestock-01964|title=Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage|work=ich.unesco.org}}</ref> Transshumance malitere na kọntinent ọ bụla a na-ebi. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọdịiche dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị na teknụzụ, omume ndị dị n'okpuru iji uru nke ebe ịta nri dịpụrụ adịpụ yiri n'asụsụ. [[Faịlụ:Transhumance-Aigoual-1.jpg|thumb|Ịkwaga atụrụ n'okporo ụzọ ndị na-azụ atụrụ na Massif Central, France]] Khazanov kewara ụdị ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'ime otu ise dịka ndị a: "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi dị ọcha", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla", "ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'ebe dị anya" na "ọrụ nlekọta ndị mmadụ n'oge ọ bụla. Eickelman anaghị eme ka a mata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nlekọta ndị mmadụ n'oge ọ bụla na ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla, mana o doro anya na ọ na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla na ọrụ nlekọta ndị agadi n'oge ọ bụla.. == Tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme == E nwere ihe akaebe na a na-eme njem n'ụwa niile tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme edere: na Europe, ọmụmụ isotope nke ọkpụkpụ anụ ụlọ na-egosi na a na'oge ụfọdụ anụmanụ.<ref name="Costello">{{Cite book|author=Costello|first=Eugene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGJODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|title=Historical Archaeologies of Transhumance across Europe|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2018|isbn=978-1-351-21337-0}}</ref> : 27 : 27  Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ndị Hill gburugburu ụwa na-egosi na ihe ọmụma ndị obodo gbasara mgbanwe mmadụ ga-abụrịrị na ọ dịla ndụ kemgbe ọtụtụ ọgbọ iji nye ohere inweta nkà zuru oke iji mee nke ọma n'ógbè ugwu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">Achọrọ ihe e dere n'ebe a</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ọtụtụ [[Droving|ndị na-azụ anụ]] maara [[Ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide|ọrụ ugbo]], [[Ịzụ atụrụ|ịzụ anụ ụlọ]] yana oke ọhịa na mmiri oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na njikwa iyi ngwa ngwa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Louhaichi|first=Mounir|date=2021-06-25|title=Rangeland Biodiversity and Climate Variability: Supporting the Need for Flexible Grazing Management|journal=Sustainability|volume=13|issue=13|pages=7124|doi=10.3390/su13137124|issn=2071-1050}}</ref> == Europe == === Ugwu Alps === [[Faịlụ:Transhumance_ways_of_the_Vlachs.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|500x500px|Ịgagharị ndị Romanian na ndị Vlach na Balkan]] [[Faịlụ:Raffet_-_Berger_du_Banat.jpg|thumb|Onye ọzụzụ atụrụ Vlach na Banat]] Na Balkans, ndị Albania, ndị Gris Sarakatsani, ndị Eastern Romance (ndị Romania, ndị Aromania, ndị Megleno-Romanians na ndị Istro-Romanians) na ndị Yörük nke Turkey na-anọkarị ọnwa okpomọkụ n'ugwu ma laghachi na ala dị ala n'oge oyi. Mgbe mpaghara ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Austro-Hungary na Ottoman, ókèala dị n'etiti Gris, Albania, Bulgaria na Yugoslavia mbụ adịghị egbochi. N'oge ọkọchị, ụfọdụ ìgwè na-aga ruo n'ebe ugwu ruo Ugwu Balkan, ha na-anọkwa n'oge oyi n'ala dị ọkụ n'akụkụ Oké Osimiri Aegean. Ndị Morlach ma ọ bụ Karavlach bụ ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ nke Eastern Romance ("ndị nna ochie" nke ndị Istro-Romanians) bụ́ ndị bi na Dinaric Alps (ndị Balkans ọdịda anyanwụ nke oge a), na-akwaga mgbe niile na-achọ ebe ịta nri ka mma maka ìgwè atụrụ ha. Mana ka mba dị iche iche pụtara n'ógbè Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman mbụ, e mepụtara ókèala steeti ọhụrụ nke kewara ebe obibi oge okpomọkụ na oyi nke ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ atụrụ. Ihe ndị a gbochiri mmegharị dị mfe n'ofe ókèala, karịsịa n'oge agha, nke a na-emekarị. === Poland === Na Poland, a na-akpọ transhumance redyk, ọ bụkwa emume nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ìgwè atụrụ ha na nkịta ha na-azụ atụrụ ịga rie nri n'ugwu (spring redyk), yana nlọghachi ha site na ịta nri (utumn redyk). N'asụsụ ugwu mpaghara, a na-akpọ uosod uosod, nke sitere na okwu Polish {{Lang|pol|uosiadć}} (ôsawiedź), nke pụtara "ịlaghachi atụrụ n'ugbo nke ọ bụla". E nwekwara echiche na ọ sitere na okwu uozchod (ôzchod), nke pụtara "nkewapụ atụrụ na gazdōwek (ugbo) nke ọ bụla". N'okwu a, enwere ike ịnwe mfu zuru oke nke ịkpọpụta ch, nke n'asụsụ Podhale (Poland) n'ụdị ọnọdụ a na-akpọ h nke a na-anaghị anụ nke ọma (nke a na-akpọ ụda h), n'otu aka ahụ na okwu schować, nke a na-akpọ n'asụsụ ugwu dị ka sowa. N'akwụkwọ Ncheta nke Tatra Society nke afọ 1876, a kọwara ụzọ e si eme nke a: "[...] ha na-azụ atụrụ site n'obodo dum gaa n'otu ebe ha kwekọrịtara, nye ha ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ otu otu, wee gwakọta ha ọnụ ma gụọ ọnụọgụ nke ìgwè atụrụ dum (ìgwè atụrụ). Nke a bụ ihe ha na-akpọ "agụmakwụkwọ". A na-agụ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ụzọ nke na otu juhas, onye ji chaplet n'aka ya, na-etinye otu mkpụrụ osisi maka atụrụ iri ọ bụla a gụrụ. Nke abụọ na-ewere otu atụrụ n'ìgwè atụrụ ahụ, ka ọ na-ahapụ ya ka ọ pụọ n'ogige ndị e ji ogige gbaa ogige, ọ na-agụta: otu, abụọ, atọ, wdg ruo iri, mgbe nke ọ bụla gasịrị, ọ na-akpọ: "desat" E jiri usoro anwansi tupu e duzie atụrụ ahụ, e chere na ọ ga-echebe ha pụọ na ọdachi na ịbụ ndị a na-eme anwansi. Maka nke a, a na-agba ọkụ ma na-edu atụrụ n'ọkụ. Ọ malitere site na mbilite n'ọnwụ nke "ọkụ nsọ" dị na kolyba (ụlọ onye ọzụzụ atụrụ). Omenala kwuru na site n'ụbọchị ahụ gaa n'ihu, onye ọzụzụ atụrụ bụ isi - onye ọzụzụ atụrụ - ga-anọgide na-ere ya mgbe niile. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-edu atụrụ gburugburu obere osisi chevron ma ọ bụ osisi spruce rapaara n'ala - nke a na-akpọ mojka (nke a na-eche na ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya ahụike na ike nke onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụlọ nzukọ ahụ) ma jiri ahịhịa na-ere ọkụ ma wetara ha połazzka na sałasz. E bu n'uche ka a sachapụ ha ọrịa ma gbochie ọdachi. Mgbe ahụ, a na-azụ ìgwè atụrụ gburugburu ya ugboro atọ, nke e bu n'uche ka ha tinye atụrụ n'otu ìgwè ma gbochie anụmanụ ọ bụla ịgbapụ. Ọrụ Baca bụ ịdọpụ atụrụ n'azụ ya, na-enyere onwe ya aka na nnu nke ọ fesaara ìgwè atụrụ ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke nkịta na ọkpọ, Juhasi gbara ìgwè atụrụ ahụ ume ma hụ na atụrụ ahụ na-eso onye ọzụzụ atụrụ ahụ. Atụrụ ndị dara n'èzí gburugburu ahụ gosiri na ha na-arịa ọrịa. E kwenyere na ọnụọgụ atụrụ ndị dara n'èzí okirikiri ahụ ga-anwụ n'oge na-abịa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Nnọ n'ọhịa (hala) na-amalite n'ụbọchị St. Wojciech (23 Eprel), ma kwụsị n'ụbọchị Michaelmas (29 Septemba). Ụzọ a e si azụ atụrụ bụ ihe ochie nke ọrụ ugbo transhumant, nke a na-ahụkarị na Carpathians. (Ọrụ ugbo transhumant nke Carpathian). N'omenala ịzụ atụrụ na Poland, a na-ahụ Redyk dị ka ememme obodo kacha mma. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enye atụrụ ha nye onye ọzụzụ atụrụ maka oge niile, tupu ha ata nri n'ọhịa, na-edepụta ha (ọtụtụ mgbe site n'itinye akara n'osisi, osisi ma ọ bụ osisi onye ọzụzụ atụrụ), na-akara ha akara ma tinye ha n'ime nkata e ji tynin mee. Na Ncheta nke Tatra Society site na 1876, a kọwara ụzọ e si eme nke a: "[...] ha na-azụ atụrụ site n'obodo dum gaa n'otu ebe ha kwekọrịtara, na-enye ha ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ otu otu, wee gwakọta ha ọnụ ma gụọ ọnụọgụ nke ìgwè atụrụ dum (ìgwè atụrụ). A chịkọtara atụrụ nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ niile n'otu ebe n'ala ugwu, e mesịakwa kpụọ otu nnukwu ìgwè atụrụ gaa na szalas. [ O doro anya na nke a bụ okwu Hungary nke sałasz, yabụ na ọ bụghị nke dị na ngalaba Poland. ] E mesikwara okwu ike nke ọma n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke hala: e nwere ịgba égbè, ịkụ ọkpọ na iti mkpu ruo ebe niile. E bu n'obi nke a ịchụpụ mmụọ ọjọọ n'anụmanụ ha ma mee ka ìgwè atụrụ ahụ dum dịrị n'otu. Mgbe emume ahụ gasịrị, e nwere egwu na ịgba egwu ọnụ. Ndị egwu ahụ kpọrọ ngwa egwu ọdịnala: gajdas na violin. Dịka egwu si sonye, ndị Sałashniks mere egwu kacha ochie - owiedziok, owczarza, kolomajka, swinszczok, na masztołka. Redyk gụnyere ọtụtụ omume obodo, emume na emume. N'oge a, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ntụrụndụ ọdịnala obodo. Oge opupu ihe ubi na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke oge a, Redyk (ụgbọ atụrụ) nwere àgwà nke ihe ngosi ọdịnala nke a na-agwa ndị obodo na ndị njem nleta, kamakwa nye ndị bi n'ugwu n'onwe ha, ndị ga-amata omenala ha. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahazi redyk nkịtị na Czechia, Slovakia na Romania. Na Poland, ndị nhazi bụ Transhumant Pastoral Foundation. === Briten === ==== Wales ==== * [https://www.fao.org/4/Y4856E/y4856e05.htm Mkparịta ụka nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US gbasara Eshia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060331133736/http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=%2Fdocrep%2Ft6260e%2Ft6260e02.htm Mkparịta ụka Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US gbasara Afrịka] Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090331200354/http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/roman_africa/TRANSHUM.HTM Mgbanwe Mmadụ na 'Ebe Nchere' na Ugwu Afrịka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060228100800/http://www.australianalps.deh.gov.au/publications/cultural-values/pubs/cultural-values.pdf Mgbanwe mmadụ n'ọdịnala pere mpe na Australia] * Archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20160203223113/http://anthro.palomar.edu/subsistence/sub_3.htm Ịzụ Ụmụ anụmanụ] na 3 Febụwarị 2016 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081114210429/https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/geography/geog12.htm Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke transhumance na North America] * [http://www.alporama.ch Ndekọ ala Switzerland nke ala ahịhịa alpine (German)] * [http://www.madrid-guide-spain.com/la-transhumancia.html La transhumancia na Madrid Spain] * [https://www.merano-suedtirol.it/en/schnalstal-valley/summer/culture/annual-transhumance-in-schnalstal-valley/ Mgbanwe mmadụ site na Ndagwurugwu Schnals (Italy) ruo Ndagwurugwu Ötz (Austria)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081022133440/http://www.uv.es/metode/numero36/78_36.html Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Lionel Martorell, otu n'ime ndị pastọ ikpeazụ na-eme ihe ọjọọ na Eastern Spain] b22yj5jm3y6yxg8rgo4xftcngxb482q 0 77563 688110 674925 2026-07-14T21:33:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Ọdọ Alaotra (Malagasy: farihin' Alaotra; French: Lac Alaotra) bụ ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu na Madagascar,nke dị na Mpaghara Alaotra-Mangoro, n'elu ugwu etiti nke akụkụ ugwu agwaetiti ahụ.Mpaghara nnakọta mmiri ya nwere ọdọ mmiri dị ọcha na-emighị emi na ala mmiri apịtị, nke ahịhịa toro nke ọma gbara gburugburu. Ọ bụkwa etiti mpaghara kachasị mkpa maka ịkụ osikapa na Madagascar.Ọdọ mmiri Alaotra bụ ebe obibi bara ụba nke ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ na osisi, gụnyere ụfọdụ ụdị ndị na-adị ụkọ ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi. Ọ bụkwa ebe dị mkpa maka ịkụ azụ.Ọdọ mmiri Alaotra na ala mmiri gbara ya gburugburu na-ekpuchi mpaghara dị ihe dị ka kilomita skwea 7,223 (maịl skwea 2,789), ma gụnye ụdị ebe obibi dị iche iche dịka mmiri mepere emepe, ahịhịa amị , ala mmiri apịtị, na ubi osikapa.Ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'onwe ya na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka kilomita skwea 900 (maịl skwea 350).Na 2 Febrụwarị 2003, a kpọpụtara Ọdọ mt Alaotra dịka ala mmiri dị mkpa n'ogo mba ụwa n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Ramsar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm|title=Aythya innotata - Range & Habitat|accessdate=2006-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155141/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm|archivedate=2007-09-30}}</ref> E webatara London tilapia (Oreochromis macrochir) n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Alaotra site na ala na 1954 ma mụbaa ngwa ngwa. Ka ọ na-erule 1957, ọ na-enye 46% nke ihe ndị e jidere, ikekwe n'ihi na ọ na-agagharị n'ime ebe obibi efu dị ka ụdị phytophagous.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_ABrmnsKY4C&pg=PA322|title=Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa|author=C. Lévêque|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997|isbn=0-521-57033-6}}</ref> Ala dị mma maka ọrụ ugbo nke gbara Ọdọ mmiri Alaotra gburugburu bụ mpaghara kacha mkpa na Madagascar maka mmepụta osikapa. Ugwu ndị gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu bụbu ebe ọhịa dị, ma n'ime iri afọ ndị gara aga, e gbuturu ọtụtụ n'ime ọhịa ndị ahụ ka e nwee ala a ga-akọ ugbo.Mmebi ala siri ike n'ugwu ndị a na-adị mfe ịsachapụ emeela ka nnukwu ájá na unyi banye n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọ na-apụ n'anya ngwa ngwa. Ugbu a, n'oge ọkọchị, omimi Ọdọ mmiri Alaotra na-adị naanị ihe dị ka sentimita 60 (ihe dị ka sentimita 61).Nrụgide iji mepụta ubi osikapa ọhụrụ emewokwa ka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ na-akpọọ ahịhịa amị ndị gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu ọkụ. Ahịhịa amị ndị a bụ naanị ebe obibi nke Alaotra gentle lemur (Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis), ụdị lemọ a na-ahụ naanị n'Ọdọ mmiri Alaotra.Ugbu a, Alaotra gentle lemur fọdụrụ naanị n'ime ihe dị ka kilomita skwea 220 nke ahịhịa amị ndị ka dị. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha belatara ngwa ngwa site na ihe dị ka 7,500 n'afọ 1994 ruo ihe dị ka 3,000 n'afọ 2001, nke bụ mbelata ruru pasent 60. Ihe kpatara nke a bụkarị mbibi ebe obibi ha, tinyere ịchụ nta nke ụfọdụ ndị obodo. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ụdị obodo nke urukurubụba ''Artitropa alaotrana'' na ebe dị mkpa ma na-eyi egwu maka nnụnụ mmiri, gụnyere Meller's duck (''Anas melleri''). Ụdị nnụnụ mmiri abụọ dị n'ebe ugwu Madagascar, Madagascar pochard (''Aythya innotata'') na Alaotra grebe (''Tachybaptus rufolavatus''). A na-etinye pochard Madagascar n'ihe ize ndụ ugbu a ma ọ dịghịzi n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta dị n'ebe ndị ọzọ. E kwupụtara na Alaotra grebe agwụla n'afọ 2010. Ebe ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ịbụ naanị ebe obibi ya. Osimiri Am atọ na-enye ọdọ mmiri ahụ mmiri ma na-agbanye ya. Mgbe kilomita 381 gasịrị, osimiri ahụ na-asọba n'[[Òrìmìlì India|Oké Osimiri India]].&nbsp; Ọdọ mmiri Alaotra na-echebe ala dị n'otu bụ nke Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust na-elekọta. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210828005211/https://www.avsf.org/uk/article.php?rub_id=110&art_id=188 Ọrụ GRAP-Lake Alaotra] E debere Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155141/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm Madagascar Pochard bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Madagascar, ebe a hụrụ ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdọ mmiri Alaotra] * [http://www.mwc-info.net Ọrụ Alaotra site na Madagascar Wildlife Conservation] 6w5g5yhplf3quha1wsnbz2kw725zwn3 0 77565 688115 674931 2026-07-14T21:42:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ọdọ mmiri Débo bụ ọdọ mmiri dị n'etiti Mali, nke idei mmiri nke mpaghara nnakọta mmiri nke Osimiri Niger na-eme n'oge ụfọdụ n'afọ na-emepụta. Ọ dị n'ime Inner Niger Delta nke Osimiri Niger.N'oge mmiri osimiri na-ebili elu, delta ahụ nke ọdọ mmiri, obere iyi, na mmiri ndị na-anọ n'akụkụ osimiri na-emepụta na-abụ akụkụ nke Ọdọ mmiri Débo. Inner Niger Delta nwere ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri sara mbara, nke na-emighị emi na ala mmiri apịtị idei mmiri juru. Delta a na-agbatị ihe dị ka kilomita 320 (maịl 200) n'ogologo ma nwee obosara nke kilomita 80 (maịl 50).N'oge mmiri na-asọ nke ukwuu, Ọdọ mmiri Débo dị ihe dị ka kilomita 80 (maịl 50) site na Mopti n'akụkụ elu osimiri ya, nke dị n'ebe ndịda, ma dịkwa ihe dị ka kilomita 240 (maịl 150) site na Timbuktu n'akụkụ ala osimiri ya, nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime ọtụtụ ala mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-apụta naanị n'oge ụfọdụ n'afọ nke mejupụtara Inner Niger Delta, ma bụrụkwa ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu na Mali. Nha ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'oge ọkọchị, site na Septemba ruo Maachị.E gosipụtara ịdị adị nke ọdọ mmiri a, nke a na-akpọ "Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu", n'ime Inner Niger Delta nke Osimiri Niger n'etiti Jenne na Timbuktu na Mali, mgbe e nyochachara maapụ mpaghara ahụ nke ọma, nke na-ekpuchi oge sitere n'afọ 1000 ruo 1900 AD. A mụrụ maapụ 400 nke oge ahụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:Lake_Debo_NASA.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Ọdọ Mmiri Débo a hụrụ site na mbara igwe]] Ọdọ mmiri a, nke a na-akpọ "Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu" n'ime Delta nke Osimiri Niger n'etiti Jenne na Timbuktu na Mali, bụ nke ndị Europe maara site n'oge mbụ. Akụkọ mbụ a maara banyere ya bụ na puku afọ mbụ BC. Ptolemy kọwara ya dị ka nke nwere ọdịdị barbell. Nnyocha nke ihe karịrị map 400 nke mpaghara ahụ mepụtara n'ime oge site na 1000 ruo 1900 AD chọpụtara na ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụtara na pasentị 95; naanị ihe ngosi egosiri na map ndị ọzọ bụ Naịl. <ref name="Maps" /> <ref name="Beacon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm|title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Beacon|author=Gerald J. Rizzo|publisher=Afriterra Foundation|accessdate=2013-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223241/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Patterns and Meaning of a Great Lake in West Africa|author=Gerald J. Rizzo|pages=80–89|doi=10.1080/03085690500362439|journal=Imago Mundi|volume=58 (Part 1)|year=2006}}</ref> A maara ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka Nigrite Palus, ọdọ mmiri Sigisma, ọdọ mmiri Guber, ọdọ mmiri Guarda, Bog/Morais of Guarda,ọdọ mmiri Maberia, Bahar Seafeena, ọdọ mmiri Dibbie, mana a maara ya ugbu a dị ka ọdọ mmiri Débo.A na-enyocha Osimiri Niger dị ka osimiri na-eto eto nke dị afọ 2000 ma ka na-akwụsi ike. Otú ọ dị, ọwa okike enweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe.<ref name="wetland">{{Cite web|url=http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf|title=Support Project for Wetland Management In the Inner Niger Delta|accessdate=22 March 2012|publisher=Cmsdata.iucn.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042541/https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf|archivedate=24 October 2012}}</ref> == Ọdịdị ala == [[Faịlụ:AT0903_map.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Inner Niger Delta, gụnyere Lake Debo, map ecoregion savanna]] E guzobere ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'elu mmiri Niger na Bani. Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri a ma ama na Mali, nke nwere dayameta nke 30 km (19 mi) na nke na-adịghị omimi ya mere nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri enweghị ike ịgafe ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Velton2004">{{Cite book|author=Ross Velton|title=Mali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLs1WaRmXBQC&pg=PA172|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=1 December 2004|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-077-0|pages=172–}}</ref> N'elu Okwu nke osimiri ndị a, ndagwurugwu ugwu dị nro nke na-akpata mbelata nke mmiri na okike nke ọdọ mmiri a. Ndagwurugwu a kọrọ tupu e kee ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ 1.5 kwa 160 km ( 100 mi). A na-ekewa ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na ihe mgbochi gaa na mpaghara abụọ, nke dị n'elu na nke dị n"okpuru. Ihe mgbochi ahụ gbatịrị ọtụtụ 'ebe ndịda. N'èzí ihe mgbochi ahụ, ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị warara ma dị ogologo ma a naghị ahụ ya anya.<ref name="Caillie2013">{{Cite book|author=Caillie|title=Travels Through Central Africa to Timbuctoo and Across the Great Desert to Morocco 1824-28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1CL4YQkApkC&pg=PA21|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-42792-0|pages=21–}}</ref> [[Mto Bani|Osimiri Bani]] Lisa na-abanye na Niger n'elu Dire. Ọ na-esi n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri Debo pụọ na deltas ma na-asọba n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.Issa Baris , isi aka nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-esi n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụọ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ wee tụgharịa n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ iji sonyere Bara Lisa.<ref name="Shahin2002">{{Cite book|author=M. Shahin|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmdYFTlcSgEC&pg=PA307|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=30 November 2002|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-0866-5|pages=307–}}</ref> Ọdịdị ala na ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ "site na nkume crystalline Precambrian sandstone compacted na Taoudeni Syncline sara mbara dị ka onye na-ekpuchi ala ma kpuchie ya na ihe siri ike nke simenti-laterite. "Ndagwurugwu dị larịị na ọdịdị ala nke àkwà ahụ emeela ka e meandering na ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri, nke dugara n'ị n'ịpụta ọdịdị nke Delta nke Niger. Delta dị n'ime nwere ọtụtụ ọwa sara mbara, nke na-adịghị omimi na mmiri na-asọ asọ; delta a na-agbasa n'ogologo nke 320 km (200 mi) na obosara nke 80 km (50 mi). A na-ekwu site na nyocha nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ map 400 na ọ bụ delta nke bụ mmalite ọdọ mmiri ahụ nakwa na ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu na delta ahụ.<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html|title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection|accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=Afriterra.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html|archivedate=9 June 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Afriterra.org. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html the original] on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọwa osimiri sara mbara na nha ya na-agbanwe agbanwe na mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{Cite book|author=Ralph H. Hughes|title=Iucn Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA394|accessdate=20 March 2013|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|pages=394–}}</ref> Ọ na-enyekwa nkwenye nke ọdịdị nke mmiri a na-egbochi ma gụnyekwa Erg nke mpaghara Bara.<ref name="McIntosh2005">{{Cite book|author=Roderick J. McIntosh|title=Ancient Middle Niger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i72Q2e35P6kC&pg=PA68|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=29 September 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81300-6|pages=68–}}</ref> Idei mmiri kachasị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ na delta na-eme n'oge Nọvemba na Disemba.<ref name="ThiemeAbell2005">{{Cite book|author=Michele L. Thieme|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA187|accessdate=20 March 2013|date=5 April 2005|publisher=Island Press|isbn=978-1-59726-791-5|pages=187–}}</ref> N'okpuru Ọdọ Mmiri Debo, ndagwurugwu Osimiri Niger nwere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'ogo dị ala karịa ọkwa mmiri nke osimiri ahụ.Dị ka akụkụ nke Delta Etiti Niger, Ọdọ Mmiri Debo bụ nke kachasị ukwuu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ akụkụ nke Osimiri Niger, nha ya na-agbanwe dabere n'ịrị elu na ịda ogo mmiri nke osimiri ahụ. Oge idei mmiri kacha ukwuu na-eme n'osimiri ahụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba na Disemba.Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu mbara mmiri nke na-agbasa n'akụkụ niile. Osimiri na-apụta n'ọnụ ụzọ ọpụpụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere obosara ihe dị ka kilomita 10 ma na-aga otu ogologo ahụ n'ihu. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ na-adị warara ma na-ekewa n'ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri. Nke a na-eme ka agwaetiti apịtị pụta, ebe omimi mmiri na-adịkarị n'agbata mita 2.4 na 3.0 (8-10 ft).Ndị Foolahs, bụ ndị na-akwagharị na-azụ anụ ma bi n'ebe ahụ, na-eji ala apịtị ndị a dị ka ebe ịta nri anụ ụlọ n'oge ọkọchị. Mgbe oge ahụ gachara, ha na-alaghachi n'ebe obibi ha dị n'ime mpaghara nnukwu ndagwurugwu ahụ.<ref name="West Africa">{{Cite book|title=West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oOMNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA253|accessdate=20 March 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=253–|id=GGKEY:XNB450PQT77|year=1957}}</ref><ref name="GreatheedParken1830">{{Cite book|author=Samuel Greatheed|title=The Eclectic Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkcwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307|accessdate=20 March 2013|year=1830|pages=307–}}</ref> N'oge idei mmiri kacha elu, a na-akọ na mmiri idei na-abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Debo na-eru ihe dị ka 12,400 m³/s (440,000 cu ft/s). A na-echekwa nnukwu akụkụ nke mmiri a n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka mmiri na-apụ na ya belata ruo ihe dị ka 2,400 m³/s (85,000 cu ft/s) mgbe ọ rutere Niamey, isi obodo Niger.Kemgbe afọ 1962, ọbụna mmụba mmiri nke naanị 1,000 m³/s (35,000 cu ft/s) sitere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ime ka ogo mmiri dị na mpaghara Niamey bawanye ihe dị ka mita 2 ( 6 ft 7 in), ruo n'ogo 181.51 mita (595 ft 6 in).<ref name="Bloise2000">{{Cite book|author=Remo Capra Bloise|title=Bridge Over Niger: The True Story of the J. F. Kennedy Bridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtq16YfSI_MC&pg=PA7|accessdate=10 March 2013|date=11 August 2000|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1-4697-7432-9|pages=7–}}</ref> === Ọnọdụ ihu igwe === Ọdọ mmiri dị na Sahel, n'ebe ndịda nke ọzara Sahara, nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke a kọrọ na ọ bụ mpaghara mgbanwe nke ihu igwe Guinea na-ekpo ọkụ na ndịda ruo na ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ na ókèala Sahara. Oge mmiri ozuzo na ndịda na-adị na July ruo October, na nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke 750 mm (). Otú ọ dị, oge mmiri ozuzo n'ebe ugwu na-adị na July ruo September, na nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ edere na 250 in). Okpomọkụ na-adịgasị iche na nkwenye siri ike n'oge. Nkezi okpomọkụ kachasị elu edere na Mee na Tombouctou bụ 43 na Mopti bụ 40 . Oge ihu igwe dị jụụ bụ site na Disemba ruo Jenụwarị na okpomọkụ na-agbadata na nke kacha nta nke 3 ruo 6 °F) n'akụkụ ugwu nke delta. N'oge mmiri juputara n'Ọdọ Mmiri Débo, mgbe ọ na-eru nha ya kachasị ukwuu, ọ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 80 (maili 50) site na Mopti n'akụkụ elu iyi ya, n'ebe ndịda, ma dịkwa ihe dị ka kilomita 240 (maili 150) site na Timbuktu n'akụkụ ala iyi ya, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime ọtụtụ ala mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-apụta naanị n'oge ụfọdụ n'ime Inner Niger Delta, ma bụrụkwa ọdọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu na Mali. Nha ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'oge ọkọchị, nke na-adịkarị site n'ọnwa Septemba ruo Maachị.<ref name="Brit">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154733/Lac-Debo|title=Lac Débo|accessdate=21 March 2013|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="world">{{Cite web|url=http://jinfeibao8844.com/Africa_Adventure_4.htm|title=Africa adventure 4|work=Update 019 April 24th, Debo Lake --Sunny Water World|accessdate=22 March 2013|publisher=Jinfeibao8844.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624055402/http://jinfeibao8844.com/Africa_Adventure_4.htm|archivedate=24 June 2012}}</ref> == Ahịhịa == [[Faịlụ:Cynodon_dactylon.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Cynodon dactylon'', ahịhịa dūrvā gras[[Dūrvā gras|dūrvā buru ibu]]]] Mgbe Ọdọ Mmiri Débo na Walado Débo ( Inner Niger Delta na Mali) jupụtara na mmiri, ha na-emepụta nnukwu ala ịta nri nke a na-akpọ ọnụ savanna ọhịa nke idei mmiri kpuchiri, nke nwere ọtụtụ ahịhịa mmiri na ụdị acacia abụọ bụ ndị kachasị baa ụba.A na-akpọ ebe ịta nri ndị a n'asụsụ obodo ahịhịa bourgou.A na-ahụkwa ụdị nkwụ dịka Hyphaene thebaica na Borassus aethiopum n'akụkụ ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Science">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asciencejournal.net/asj/index.php/GIST/article/view/132/KONE|title=Applied GIS for Managing Flooded Pastures of Lake Debo and Walado Debo/Mali|accessdate=21 March 2013|publisher=Journal of GIS Trends|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016211627/http://www.asciencejournal.net/asj/index.php/GIST/article/view/132/KONE|archivedate=16 October 2011}}</ref> E nwere ụdị ala ịta ahịhịa atọ, akọwapụtara dabere na njikwa ya. Ndị a bụ: Ebe ịta nri nke ndị Fulani bi na ya nke Amiro (onye isi Joro) na-achịkwa; "Harima" (nke pụtara: mgbakọ mpaghara) na onye isi ''obodo nta'' ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ojiji ya; na ọtụtụ obere ala (n'ime obodo) nke e kewara ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. ahịhịa na-eto eto na-eri nri ma na-agbari ngwa ngwa na aha botanical nke ''Echinochloa stagnina'' (osisi na-eto ogologo oge) na ''Vossia cuspidata'', nke na-eto na omimi mmiri dịgasị iche (3-5 ). Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ, nke buru ibu, bụ Osikapa ọhịa (Oryza longistaminata na [[bartti]]). Ụdị osisi ọzọ nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ájá bụ ''Vetiveria nigritiana,'' mgbe mmiri na-aga n'ọdọ mmiri na delta dị elu. Osisi ndị dị n'ime mmiri na-akwado ọkwa dịgasị iche iche nke mmiri n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ụdị ala na-achịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke mpaghara ahụ. Ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ndị na-adaba nwayọọ nwayọọ nwere obere ọhịa ndị jikọtara na ahịhịa na oghere ala efu, tinyere osisi ndị siri ike, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụdị acacia.Akkagoun na Dentaka bụ mpaghara ọhịa gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na Delta Niger gburugburu, ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ mmiri.A na-akọkwa na mmụba algae na-eme n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke nwere ike ime ka mmiri ghara ịdị doo anya dịka ọ na-adị na mbụ site n'ibelata nghọta mmiri. == Anụmanụ == [[Faịlụ:Hippopotamus_-_04.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Enyí mmiri]] Manatee nke West Africa bụ ụdị anụmanụ a ma ama na ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke a kọrọ na ọ bụ ebe obibi ikpeazụ ya n'ụwa.<ref name="Fishes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=508|title=Ecoregion Description:Inner Niger Delta|accessdate=22 March 2013|publisher=Fresh Water Ecoregions of the World, FWEO Organization|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183644/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=508|archivedate=29 October 2013}}</ref> A na-akọkwa Enyí mmiri site na ọdọ mmiri ahụ (a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ enyí mmiri dị 40 ruo 60). A na-akọkwa Agụ iyi Naịl site na ala mmiri. N'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ụdị anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara nke Delta a kọrọ gụnyere: antilope roan, dorcas gazelle, dama gazelle, red-fronted gazelle, ebe ụdị anụ na-akpụ akpụ gụnyere onye na-ahụ maka Naịl na African rock python. [[Faịlụ:Artis_black_crowned_crane1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Crane na-acha oji.]] Nnụnụ a na-ahụ n'ime mpaghara ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke bụ otu n'ime ala mmiri kachasị mkpa na Sahel, gụnyere ụdị sitere na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi Palearctic na Afrotropical. E dekọrọ na ihe karịrị otu nde nnụnụ na-eji ọdọ mmiri ahụ eme ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ebe izu ike; ha gụnyere ọtụtụ nnụnụ na-akwaga ebe dị iche iche n'oge ụfọdụ na ndị na-anọgide ebe ahụ, dịka sand martin, yellow wagtail, reed cormorant, glossy ibis, spoonbill, great white egret, purple heron, ferruginous duck, white-winged black tern, ruff, na black-tailed godwit.Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ụdị nnụnụ nke mpaghara Afrotropical, dịka black crowned crane nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ha.N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ na Delta Niger, mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ka nke dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri, n'ihi na ikuku juputara n'olu nnụnụ mmiri na gull.<ref name="Narayan2012">{{Cite book|author=Kirin Narayan|authorlink=Kirin Narayan|title=Alive in the Writing: Crafting Ethnography in the Company of Chekhov|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdFFyWmehRoC&pg=PA32|accessdate=10 March 2013|date=26 January 2012|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-56792-1|pages=32–}}</ref> Dị ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ na-agagharị agagharị, UNESCO ekewaala ya dị ka mpaghara Ramsar n'okpuru aha Lake Walado Débo dum, nke bụ akụkụ nke delta dị n'ime ya nwere ụdị nnụnụ 350, gụnyere ụdị nnụisi 118 na-agafe agagharị. [[Faịlụ:Giant_Barb.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|nnukwu afụ ọnụ]] ''Synodontis gobroni'' na ''Gobiocichla wonderi'' bụ ụdị azụ abụọ dị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke bụ akụkụ nke delta dị n'ime ala. Anụmanụ mmiri dị na Delta Niger dum, nke na-anọchitekwa anya ndụ mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Débo, gụnyere ụdị azụ 130, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere n'ezinụlọ Mormyridae, Mochokidae, na Cyprinidae.E nwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị azụ na-akwaga ebe dị iche iche, ndị na-eso Osimiri Niger bịa n'ógbè a. N'ime azụ ndị a na-akwaga, Brycinus leuciscus, nke bụ otu n'ime azụ African tetras, na-eme njem dị anya ruo Delta Niger, ma na-erukwa n'okpuru Ụlọ Mgbochi Mmiri Markala == Omenala == Mgbe Osimiri [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger]] na Bani na-aga n'ihu, a na-eme ọrụ ịkụ azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na iji ụgbọ mmiri. Onye ọkụ azụ agbụrụ Bozo, onye bi n'ikperé mmiri ahụ na-etinye aka na ọrụ ndị a. N'oge ọkọchị, ọtụtụ ndị agbụrụ Fula na-agagharị agagharị na-abịa n'ógbè ọdọ mmiri a dị ka ebe ha na-aga n'oge njem n'oge oge ya na ìgwè atụrụ ha si n'ebe ugwu. == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 04c1pctqtlwmte8o0czaxxa6txjscqx 0 77566 688123 674202 2026-07-14T21:52:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọdọ mmiri dị ọcha na Kenya}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Lake Naivasha | image = Naivasha lake.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|0|46|6.70|S|36|21|2.32|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|139|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1,884|m|ft|abbr=on}} | frozen = | islands = | cities = | pushpin_map = Kenya | pushpin_map_alt = Location of lake in Kenya |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 10 April 1995 | designation1_number = 724<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Naivasha|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/724|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} [[File:Naivasha ast 2008033 lrg.jpg|thumb|Foto satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] [[File:KE-Naivasha.png|thumb|Ọnọdụ Naivasha dị na Kenya]] '''Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha''' bụ [[Mmiri ọhụrụ|mmiri ọhụrụ]] [[ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley|ọdọ mmiri]] dị na [[Kenya]], n'èzí obodo [[Naivasha]] dị na [[Nakuru County]], n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Nairobi]] dị na [[Great Rift Valley, Kenya|Great Rift Valley]]. Aha a sitere na aha [[asụsụ Maasai|Maasai]] nke obodo bụ ''ɛnaɨpɔ́sha '', nke pụtara "ihe na-efe efe," okwu Maasai a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka [[Ahụ mmiri|ahụ mmiri]] buru ibu nke na ọ ga-enwe ike ime ihe mgbe ifufe na-efe ma ọ bụ oké ebiri mmiri na-efe. Naivasha malitere site na mgbalị ndị Britain mere ịkpọ aha [[Maasai Mara|Maasai]]. N'ezie, ''Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha'' pụtara "Ọdọ Mmiri." ==Ọnọdụ== [[File:Quiet dusk over Lake Naivasha (5232083375).jpg|thumb|Mgbede na Lake Naivasha]] Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na ndagwurugwu Rift nke Kenya. Ọ dị na njikọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke [[okwute ugwu mgbawa]] na [[nkume mmiri mmiri|ebe nchekwa mmiri]] site na nnukwu ọdọ mmiri oge [[Pleistocene]]. E wezụga iyi ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe, osimiri ndị na-adịgide adịgide [[Osimiri Malewa|Malewa]] na [[Osimiri Gilgil|Gilgil]] na-azụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Enweghị ebe a maara esi abata, mana ebe ọ bụ na mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ọhụrụ, a na-eche na ọ na-esi n'okpuru ala apụta.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q1pfcjMae8C&pg=PA1 |title=Lake Naivasha, Kenya |first=David M. |last=Harper |publisher=Springer |year=2003 |isbn=1-4020-1236-5}}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere oke ala nkịtị nke {{convert|139|km2}}<ref name="MoiArusei">"THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION" (characteristics), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental Studies, [[Moi University]], P.O Box 3900 [[Eldoret, Kenya]], webpage:[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf |date=2005-06-12 }}</ref> tupu afọ 2010, ma mụbaa ruo {{convert|198|km2}} ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Kenya Government and UNDP |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-08 |archivedate=2022-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf }}</ref> Apịtị nke {{convert|64|km2}} gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-agbanwe dabere na mmiri ozuzo. N'ịdị elu nke {{convert|1,884|m}},<ref name="MoiArusei" /> ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere nkezi omimi nke {{convert|6|m}}, ebe mpaghara kachasị omimi dị na Crescent Island, yana oke omimi nke {{convert|30|m}}.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Njorowa Gorge bụbu ebe ọdọ mmiri ahụ si apụta, mana ọ dị ugbu a n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma bụrụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata [[Hell's Gate National Park]]. Obodo [[Naivasha]] (nke bụbu East Nakuru) dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. ==Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi== [[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (32487531978).jpg|thumb|Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche gụnyere ihe karịrị [[ụdị]] dị iche iche 400 nke [[nnụnụ]] na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke [[[Hippopotamus|hippo]]. Ndị mmadụ na-azụ azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ agbanweela nke ukwuu ka oge na-aga, mgbanwe ihu igwe, mbọ ịkụ azụ na iwebata ụdị ndị na-awakpo ha metụtara ya. Mgbanwe kachasị ọhụrụ n'ọnụọgụgụ azụ̀ sochiri mmalite nke [[cap nkịtị]] na 2001.<ref>Becht, R., Odada, E. O., & Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Managing lakes and basins for sustainable use, a report for lake basin managers and stakeholders (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)</ref> Afọ itoolu ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na 2010, azụ̀ nkịtị bụ́ azụ̀ carp karịrị pasentị iri itoolu nke azụ̀ ndị a nwụdere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref>Lake Naivasha Annual Fisheries Report, 2010</ref> E nwere obere ọdọ mmiri abụọ dị nso na Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha: Ọdọ Mmiri Oloiden na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Sonachi]] (ọdọ mmiri ugwu mgbawa ugwu | ọdọ mmiri mgbawa ugwu]]). Ebe a na-edebe ihe ncheta egwuregwu Crater Lake dị nso, ebe a maara ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị si Yuropu kwabata na ndị bi ebe ahụ. ==Akụkọ ihe mere eme== N'agbata afọ 1937 na 1950, e ji ọdọ mmiri ahụ mee ebe a ga-esi rịdata [[ụgbọ mmiri na-efe efe]] ndị njem [[Imperial Airways]] na ụzọ ozi site na [[Southampton]] na [[UK|Britain]] gaa [[South Africa]]. O jikọtara [[Kisumu]] na [[Nairobi]]. [[Joy Adamson]], onye dere ''[[Born Free]]'', biri n'ụsọ osimiri ahụ n'etiti afọ 1960. N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka [[Oserian]] ("Obí Djinn"), nke nwetara aha ọma n'ụbọchị [[Ndagwurugwu Obi Ụtọ|Ndagwurugwu Obi Ụtọ]] dị n'etiti [[agha ụwa]] abụọ ahụ. Na 1999, otu ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na Lake Naivasha natara [[Ihe nrite Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award]] maka mbọ nchekwa ya gbasara ebe Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha [[Mgbakọ Ramsar|Ramsar]]. ==Ọrụ Ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe== [[File:Lake Naivasha Fishermen.jpg|thumb|left|Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] [[Ime Ubi Okooko Osisi]] bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ojiji mmiri ọdọ mmiri na-enweghị iwu na-achịkwa nke ukwuu na-ebelata ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọ bụkwa ihe na-echegbu ndị mmadụ na Kenya. <ref name="FAOroses">{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html | title=A thorn on every rose for Kenya's flower industry | publisher=United Nations FAO | access-date=2010-06-20 | archive-date=2017-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216125803/http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html | url-status=dead | accessdate=2026-07-08 | archivedate=2017-12-16 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216125803/http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html }}</ref> [[Ịkụ azụ̀]] n'ime ọdọ mmiri bụ isi iyi ọrụ na ego maka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị iche iche n'ọkwa dị iche iche, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kpọọ nkụ kpamkpam n'afọ 1890. Ọkwa ọdọ mmiri n'ozuzu ya na-agbaso usoro mmiri ozuzo n'ógbè ebe a na-adọba mmiri. Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, nke a na-akpọbu Ọla dị n'Okpueze nke ọdọ mmiri niile dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-enwe ọtụtụ nrụgide dị egwu site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ, ọ bụghị ihe kachasị mkpa ịmepụta nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo n'akụkụ osimiri ya, kamakwa mmụba nke ihe oriri sitere na siltation, nsị mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-esi n'ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri apụta ugbu a na-eru nde mmadụ.<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.|title=The Birds of Africa|year=1988|publisher=Academic Press Limited|doi=10.5040/9781472927002.0171|isbn=978-1-4729-2700-2}}</ref> Na 1981, e nyere ọrụ ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ma ka ọ na-erule 1985, a na-emepụta ngụkọta nke ọkụ eletrik 45 [[Megawatt|MW]] n'ógbè ahụ.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> ==Ọkwa mmiri == [[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (ASTER).jpg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]] Ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ya na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Elmenteita|Ọdọ Mmiri Elementaita]] na [[Ọdọ Mmiri Nakuru]] (kilomita 60 n'ebe ugwu), mepụtara otu ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke dị n'ime mmiri nke mechara kpọọ nkụ, wee hapụ ọdọ mmiri atọ ahụ ka ha bụrụ ihe fọdụrụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> Mmiri dị na [[Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley|Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley]] agbanweela nke ukwuu kemgbe ahụ, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ha kpọọ nkụ ọtụtụ ugboro.<ref name=":1" /> Mmiri ahụ ruru omimi nke 0.6m na 1945, mana ọkwa mmiri ahụ rịgoro ọzọ, na obere ntapụ, ruo omimi kachasị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 6m na 1968.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> E nwere nnukwu mbelata ọzọ nke ọkwa mmiri na 1987, mgbe omimi ruru mita 2.25 n'elu ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Ọdịda nke ọkwa mmiri ọdọ mmiri na 1987 mụbara nchegbu n'ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ [[ike geothermal|geothermal]], A na-eche na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha nwere ike inye mmiri dị n'okpuru ala mmiri na-enye okpomọkụ [[ebe nchekwa mmiri]] na [[Olkaria]].<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Ya mere, mbelata nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri ga-emetụta ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ geothermal. Oke elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ amụbaala ihe karịrị pasentị iri ise ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020<ref name=":0" /> mere ka ọtụtụ mmadụ gbapụ n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbụ hụrụ mmụba nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ọkà mmụta ala, onye matara, na mbido afọ 2013, na ọdọ mmiri ahụ "akwagaala kilomita abụọ n'enweghị akụkọ".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha ka na-akwado ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-akpọga ndị njem nleta na ndị obodo gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-egosi ha ebe hippo dị mkpa yana Crescent Island. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuhAeHPoNvw AFP-TV report about the lake drying up] * [https://pertourmarket.com/lake-naivasha-national-park/ What is Lake Naivasha known for?] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Naivasha}} fn058fim87thcf7ly09dqpt67r0z0dr 0 77591 688112 674560 2026-07-14T21:37:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọdọ mmiri dị ọcha na Kenya}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Ọdọ Mmiri Baringo | image = LakeBaringo.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|0|38|N|36|05|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | lake_type = | inflow = [[Molo River|Molo]], [[Ol Arabel]] | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|130|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} | islands = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Kenya#Africa | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Lake Baringo in Kenya. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = | extra = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 10 January 2002 | designation1_number = 1159<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Baringo|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1159|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Ọdọ Mmiri Baringo''' bụ, mgbe [[Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana]] gasịrị, nke kachasị n'ebe ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri [[Kenya Rift Valley]], nke nwere oke elu nke {{convert|130|km2}} na elu nke {{convert|970|m}}. Ọtụtụ osimiri na-azụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ: [[Osimiri Molo|Molo]], [[Osimiri Perkerra|Perkerra]] na [[Ol Arabel]]. O nweghị ebe ọ na-esi apụta ìhè; a na-eche na mmiri ahụ na-asọba site na ihe ndị dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ banye n'ime nkume ugwu mgbawa [[Nsogbu (geology)|Nsogbu]]. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri abụọ [[Mmiri ọhụrụ|mmiri ọhụrụ]] dị na Rift Valley dị na Kenya, nke ọzọ bụ [[Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha]].<ref name="ramsar"> See "Kenya designates freshwater lake in Great Rift Valley," at [http://www.ramsar.org/cda/ramsar/display/main/main.jsp?zn=ramsar&cp=1-26-45-87^22874_4000_0__ Ramsar 2009 - 2002].</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'ebe dị anya nke na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekuru uzuzu, ebe ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 470 dị, mgbe ụfọdụ, gụnyere ndị na-akwaga ebe ọzọ. Otu [[Goliath heron]] dị n'agwaetiti dị n'oké nkume n'ọdọ mmiri a maara dị ka Gibraltar. Ludwig Krapf na J. Rebmann, ndị ozi ala ọzọ German bi na Mombasa, kọrọ akụkọ banyere ịdị adị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Baringo na Yuropu n'ihe dị ka afọ 1850; na maapụ J. H. Speke nke isi iyi Naịl (1863) Baringo na Kavirondo Gulf of Victoria Nyanza gbagwojuru anya; ọ dị na maapụ Sir H. M. Stanley (1877) dị ka nnukwu mpempe mmiri N.E. nke Victoria Nyanza. N'ime njem ya na mba Masai na 1883, Joseph Thomson bụ onye Europe nke hụrụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma dozie echiche ndị e buru n'amụma gbasara nha ya. Otú ọ dị, omenala ndị obodo na-ekwu na ọdọ mmiri ahụ kpuchiri ebe buru ibu karịa.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=418}} ==Nkọwa== Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ akụkụ nke usoro [[East African Rift]]. [[Tugen Hills]], ebe e wuliri elu nke [[Mkpọda ugwu mgbawa ugwu mgbawa ugwu]] na [[mkpọda ugwu mgbawa ugwu]], dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Escarpment nke Laikipia dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. Mmiri na-asọba n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na [[Ugwu Mau]] na Ugwu Tugen. Ọ bụ ebe obibi na ebe mgbaba dị mkpa maka ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ na anụmanụ 500, ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị nnụnụ mmiri na-akwaga ebe ọzọ dị oke mkpa n'ógbè na n'ụwa niile. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-enyekwa ebe obibi maka ụdị azụ asaa dị ndụ. Otu, ''Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis'' (ụdị [[Nịl tilapia]]), bụ [[Endism|nke jupụtara na ya]] n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ịkụ azụ n'ọdọ mmiri dị mkpa maka mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba obodo. Na mgbakwunye, mpaghara ahụ bụ ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche gụnyere [[hippopotamus]] (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), [[Agụ iyi Naịl]] (''Crocodylus niloticus'') na ọtụtụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, anụmanụ ndị a na-amị amị, anụmanụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ na obodo ndị na-enweghị ọdịdị ala.<ref name="ramsar" /><ref name="kenyabirds">{{cite web | url = http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm | title = Kenya Birds - baringo | publisher = www.kenyabirds.org.uk | access-date = 2008-03-17 | archive-date = 2008-03-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080302021900/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm | url-status = dead | accessdate = 2026-07-09 | archivedate = 2008-03-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080302021900/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm }}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na oke osimiri tilapia nke dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ala ugbu a, mbelata nke ụdị a egosila na ọganiru nke ụdị ọzọ, [[azụ azụ̀ lungfish marbled]] (''Protopterus aethiopicus'') nke e [[E webatara ụdị|webatara]] n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 1974 ma ugbu a ọ na-enye ọtụtụ azụ̀ sitere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Mmiri ebelatala n'ihi oké ọkọchị na ịgba mmiri gabiga ókè. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-abụkarị ájá jupụtara na ájá, nke bụ n'ihi oke mbuze ala n'ebe a na-adọba mmiri, ọkachasị n'ugwu Loboi dị n'ebe ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref name=":0" /> Ihe e ji mara obodo dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ "ugwu" nke ndanda ọcha ([[termite]]. Ha bụ ogidi oghere dị mita iri na abụọ n'ogologo, site na mita otu ruo sentimita iri na asatọ n'obosara. [[kudu ukwu]], nke a na-amaghị ebe ọzọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, bi n'akụkụ ugwu Laikipia dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma na-abịa n'ugwu ndị dị n'akụkụ Baringo iji rie nri.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=418}} Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gosiri na e nwere mmekọrịta dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma n'etiti ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị mkpa maka àgwà mmiri na oke nje ndị a gbakechara. ''O. niloticus baringoensis'' site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Baringo dekọkwara ọtụtụ nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa, nke a na-achọkwa ka ọha na eze mara ihe egwu ndị nwere ike ịpụta site n'iri azụ̀ ndị e sighị esi nke ọma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Adamba|first1=Stephanie Wangare Kamau|last2=Otachi|first2=Elick Onyango|last3=Ong’ondo|first3=Geoffrey Odhiambo|date=2020-02-19|title=Parasite Communities of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (Trewavas, 1983) in Relation to Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Springs of Lorwai Swamp and Lake Baringo, Kenya|journal=Acta Parasitologica|volume=65|issue=2|pages=441–451|doi=10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2|pmid=32077035|s2cid=211171158|issn=1230-2821}}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ obere agwaetiti, nke kachasị ukwuu bụ [[Agwaetiti Ol Kokwe]]. Ol Kokwe, ebe ugwu mgbawa gbawara agbawa nke metụtara ugwu mgbawa [[Korosi]] dị n'ebe ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nwere ọtụtụ [[mmiri ọkụ]] na [[fumarole]], ụfọdụ n'ime ha emeela ka mmiri tọgbọrọ [[sulfur]]. Otu ìgwè mmiri ọkụ na-agbapụta n'akụkụ osimiri dị na Soro dị nso n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. Ọtụtụ ebe dị mkpa e ji ihe mgbe ochie na ihe ochie mee, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ewepụtala ihe ndị e ji ihe ochie mee [[hominoid]] na [[hominin]], dị na usoro [[Miocene]] ruo [[Pleistocene]] nke ugwu Tugen.<ref name=Ward&Hill1987>{{citation |author=Ward, Steven |author2=Hill, Andrew|year=1987 |title=Pliocene Hominid Partial Mandible from Tabarin, Baringo, Kenya |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=21–37 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330720104 |pmid=3103460}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180350/http://www.library.nhs.uk/booksandjournals/details.aspx?t=Pliocene+Hominid&stfo=True&sc=bnj.ovi.amed,bnj.ovi.bnia,bnj.ebs.cinahl,bnj.ovi.emez,bnj.ebs.heh,bnj.ovi.hmic,bnj.pub.MED,bnj.ovi.psyh&p=1&sf=srt.publicationdate&sfld=fld.title&sr=bnj.pub&did=3103460&pc=2&id=10 Abstract from web search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180350/http://www.library.nhs.uk/booksandjournals/details.aspx?t=Pliocene+Hominid&stfo=True&sc=bnj.ovi.amed,bnj.ovi.bnia,bnj.ebs.cinahl,bnj.ovi.emez,bnj.ebs.heh,bnj.ovi.hmic,bnj.pub.MED,bnj.ovi.psyh&p=1&sf=srt.publicationdate&sfld=fld.title&sr=bnj.pub&did=3103460&pc=2&id=10 |date=2014-04-16 }}</ref><ref name=SmithsonianExamples>{{citation|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/search/google-appliance/Tugen%20Hills|title=Tugen Hills examples from Smithsonian website|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History|access-date=1 May 2010}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Wood1999>{{citation|year=1999|chapter=Plio-Pleistocene hominins from the Baringo Region, Kenya|author=Wood, Bernard |editor=Andrews, P.|editor2=Banham, P. |title=Late Cenozoic Environments and Hominid Evolution: a Tribute to Bill Bishop|pages=113–122|location=London|publisher=Geological Society|isbn=9781862390362|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVF8EzWfX2EC&q=%22Baringo+Region%22&pg=PA113|access-date=1 May 2010}}</ref> Isi obodo dị nso n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ Marigat, ebe obere obodo ndị dị nso gụnyere [[Kampi ya Samaki]] na [[Loruk]]. Ndị njem nleta na-eleta mpaghara a nke ukwuu, ọ dịkwa na nsọtụ ndịda nke mpaghara Kenya nke agbụrụ [[ịzụ anụ | ndị na-azụ anụ]] bi na ya, gụnyere [[Il Chamus]], [[Rendille people|Rendille]], [[Turkana people|Turkana]] na [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]]. Ebe obibi, (họtel, obere ụlọ nri na ebe a na-ama ụlọikwuu) yana ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na na nso Kampi-Ya-Samaki dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ, yana n'ọtụtụ agwaetiti dị n'ime odo mmiri ahụ.<ref name="Lake Baringo">{{cite web |url = http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 |title = Lake Baringo |publisher = www.lake-baringo.com |access-date = 2012-02-16 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120115084108/http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 |archive-date = 2012-01-15 |accessdate = 2026-07-09 |archivedate = 2012-01-15 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120115084108/http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 }}</ref> Akụkọ gọọmentị Kenya mere na 2021 kwuru na elu ọdọ mmiri Baringo amụbaala site na ihe karịrị 100% ruo square kilomita 268 n'ime oge 2010-2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Kenya Government and UNDP |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-09 |archivedate=2022-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf }}</ref> Idei mmiri jupụtara n'obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri, achụpụkwara ndị mmadụ n'ebe obibi ha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Enweela mmụba n'ọnụọgụgụ anụmanụ dịka agụ iyi, tinyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti anụmanụ ndị a na mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-06 |title=Kenya's Lake Baringo: Surviving hippo and crocodile attacks |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66707507 |access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> == Leekwa == * [[Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley]] * [[Korosi]], a volcano at the northern end of Lake Nakuru == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} '''Onyinye''' *{{EB1911|wstitle=Baringo|volume=3|page=418}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baringo}} akctdrx2az82ulebav4824hlsc9nwnj 0 77592 688127 674561 2026-07-14T21:53:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Alkaline lake in Arusha Region, Tanzania}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Ọdọ Mmiri Natron (ọdọ mmiri Medusa) | image = Lake Natron (Tanzania) – 2017-03-06 (very early in rainy season) – satellite image (cropped).jpg | alt = Satellite image of lake. | caption = The lake on 6 March 2017 (satellite image) | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location =[[Ngorongoro District]], [[Arusha Region]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kajiado County]], [[Narok County]], [[Kenya]] | coords = {{Coord|02|25|S|36|00|E|region:TZ_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Tanzania | pushpin_map_alt = Located in Northern Tanzania near Kenya border. | lake_type = [[saline lake|saline]] | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Tanzania]] | length = | width = | area = {{cvt|850|-|1,040|km2}}<ref>{{Cite web|title = Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite : DNews|url = http://news.discovery.com/earth/photographer-rick-brandt-lake-natron-131003.htm|website = DNews|access-date = 2016-01-05|accessdate = 9 July 2026|archivedate = 9 March 2016|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160309044253/http://news.discovery.com/earth/photographer-rick-brandt-lake-natron-131003.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beachsafari.com/en/kb/lake-natron|title=Lake Natron|website=Beach Safari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/6994|title=Key Biodiversity Areas|website=www.keybiodiversityareas.org}}</ref> | depth = | max-depth = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|600|m}}<ref name="WWF"/> | islands = | cities = | frozen = | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = ''Lake Natron Basin'' | designation1_date = 4 July 2001 | designation1_number = 1080<ref name=ramsar>{{Cite web |title=Lake Natron Basin |website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1080 |access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} [[File:LakeNatron satellite labelled.jpg|thumb|right|Ọkara ndịda nke Ọdọ Mmiri Natron (n'elu). A pụkwara ịhụ [[Fault scarp]] na [[Gelai Volcano]]. Ọtụtụ "rafts" dị nso na nnu dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha na akụkụ kachasị omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ (n'ime).]] '''Ọdọ Mmiri Natron''' bụ nnukwu [[ọdọ mmiri soda|alkaline]] [[ọdọ mmiri nnu]] dị na ugwu [[Mpaghara Ngorongoro]] nke [[Mpaghara Arusha]] na [[Tanzania]] ya na nsọtụ ugwu ya na-agafe na [[Mpaghara Kajiado]] na [[Narok County]] na [[Kenya]]. Ọ dị na [[Gregory Rift]], nke bụ alaka ọwụwa anyanwụ nke [[East African Rift]].<ref name="WWF">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0901|title=Eastern Africa: Northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya|work=World Wildlife Fund}}</ref> The lake is within the [[Lake Natron Basin]], a [[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar Site]] [[wetland]] of international significance.<ref name=ramsar/> == Nkọwa == Isi mmiri a na-enye ọdọ mmiri a bụ Osimiri [[Ewaso Ng'iro Ndịda]], nke na-arịgo n'etiti [[Kenya]], yana isi iyi ọkụ jupụtara na mineral.<ref name="WWF"/> Ọ dị obere nke ukwuu, ọ pere mpe karịa {{convert|3|m|ft}} omimi, ọ dịkwa iche iche n'obosara dabere na ọkwa mmiri ya. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere oke ogologo nke {{convert|57|km}} na obosara nke {{convert|22|km}}.<ref name="WWF"/> Mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu na-enweta mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma n'oge, ọkachasị n'etiti Disemba na Mee, nke bụ {{convert|800|mm|in}} kwa afọ.<ref name="WWF"/> Okpomọkụ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-adịkarị elu karịa {{convert|40|°C|°F}}.<ref name="WWF"/> Oke ikuku amịkọrọ mmiri ahapụla [[natron]] (sodium carbonate decahydrate) na [[trona]] (sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate). Alkalinity nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike iru pH karịrị 12. Dịka Live Science si kwuo, oke alkaline nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ sodium carbonate na mineral ndị ọzọ na-asọba n'ime mmiri site na gburugburu ya. Ihe ndị dị n'akụkụ ala ahụ bụ lava [[trachyte]] alkaline, nke sodium jupụtara na ya, nke e tinyere n'oge Pleistocene. Lava nwere nnukwu carbonate mana ọkwa calcium na magnesium dị ala, nke mere ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwee ike ịchịkọta mmiri nnu alkaline dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro. Ọnọdụ kemịkalụ ndị a dị oke njọ na-emepụta gburugburu ebe siri ike ebe naanị ihe ndị dị ndụ pụrụ iche nwere ike ịdị ndụ.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Marc|date=2013-10-02|title=Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite|url=https://www.livescience.com/40135-photographer-rick-brandt-lake-natron.html|access-date=2026-05-07|website=Live Science|language=en|last=Lallanilla}}</ref> A maara [[calcification|calcify]] ahụ nke ihe ọ bụla dị ndụ nwụrụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka kemịkalụ nke mmiri ahụ.<ref>{{cite magazine| title=This Alkaline African Lake Turns Animals into Stone |author=Joseph Stromberg |date=2 October 2013 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/this-alkaline-african-lake-turns-animals-into-stone-445359/ |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> ==Osisi== Agba nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ihe e ji mara ebe oke mmiri na-ekupụ mmiri. Ka mmiri na-apụ n'anya n'oge ọkọchị, ọkwa nnu na-abawanye ruo n'ókè nke na ndị hụrụ nnu n'anya na-amalite itolite. Ihe ndị dị ndụ [[halophile]] dị otu a gụnyere ụfọdụ [[cyanobacteria]] nke na-emepụta nri nke ha site na iji [[photosynthesis]] dịka osisi si eme. Agba ọbara ọbara nke na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime cyanobacteria na-emepụta agba ọbara ọbara miri emi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na agba oroma nke akụkụ ndị na adịghị omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. A na-agbakwa isi nnu [[alkali]] dị n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ agba ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ pink site na ụmụ ahụhụ [[halophilic]] bi ebe ahụ. [[Apịtị nnu]] na mmiri mmiri dị ọcha gbara gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-akwado ọtụtụ osisi dị iche iche. ==Anụmanụ== Ọtụtụ anụmanụ na-ahụ oke okpomọkụ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ (ruo {{convert|60|C|F|disp=sqbr}}) na oke nnu ya na-agbanwe agbanwe adịghị mma.<ref>{{cite web |last=Swancer |first=Brent |title=The Bizarre Medusa Lake of Africa |url=https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2015/04/the-bizarre-medusa-lake-of-africa/ |date=20 April 2015 |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ [[Endemism|endemic]] [[algae]], [[invertebrates]], na [[nnụnụ]]. N'ime mmiri nnu dị n'akụkụ ya, ụfọdụ azụ̀ nwekwara ike ịlanarị. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ naanị ebe a na-azụkarị ụmụ anụmanụ na East Africa maka nde mmadụ 2.5 [[flamingo ndị dị obere]], ndị ọnọdụ ha nke "dị nso n'ihe egwu" sitere na ndabere ha n'otu ebe a. Mgbe mmiri nnu na-amụba, otú ahụ ka [[cyanobacteria]] na amụba, ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwekwara ike ịkwado akwụkwu ndị ọzọ. Flamingoes ndị a, otu nnukwu ìgwè dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, na-ezukọ n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri nnu dị nso iji rie ''[[Spirulina (genus)|Spirulina]]'' (algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere agba uhie). Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ ebe dị mma maka ịzụ ụmụ n'ihi na gburugburu ebe obibi ya [[ihe na-emebi emebi|caustic]] bụ ihe mgbochi megide [[Ndị na-eri anụ | ndị na-eri anụ]] na-agbalị iru akwụ ha n'agwaetiti [[evaporite]] nke na-etolite n'oge. [[Ndị flamingo nke ukwuu]] na-amụkwa nwa n'elu ájá ájá. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ emeela ka ihe nkiri okike pụta ìhè ''[[The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos]]'' site n'aka [[Disneynature]], maka mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na [[Lesser Flamingo]] dị ka naanị ebe ha na-azụkarị. Ụdị azụ abụọ a na-ahụkarị, [[Alcolapia|alkaline tilapias]] ''[[Alcolapia latilabris]]'' na ''[[Alcolapia ndalalani|A. ndalalani]]'', na-emekwa nke ọma n'ime mmiri dị n'akụkụ mmiri ọkụ. ''[[Alcolapia alcalica|A. alcalica]]'' dịkwa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana ọ bụghị ebe niile. ==Ihe iyi egwu na nchekwa== A dịghị ebi n'ógbè gbara [[ọdọ mmiri nnu]] gburugburu mana e nwere ụfọdụ ịzụ anụ na ịkọ ihe ubi n'oge. Ihe iyi egwu nye nguzozi nnu site na mmụba nke mmiri mmiri [[ala]] ga-esi na atụmatụ igbutu osisi ndị ọzọ na mmiri Natron pụta na atụmatụ e mere [[hydroelectric]] [[ọkụ eletrik]] n'elu [[Ewaso Ng'iro]] n'ofe ókèala na [[Kenya]]. Ọ bụ ezie na atụmatụ mmepe gụnyere iwuli mmiri mmiri n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ iji gbochie mmiri dị ọcha, ihe iyi egwu nke ịgbasa ebe a na-azụ ụmụ nwere ike ka dị njọ. Enweghị nchebe nkịtị. Ihe iyi egwu ọhụrụ nye Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ atụmatụ imepụta ụlọ ọrụ [[soda ash]] n'ụsọ osimiri ya. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-amịpụta mmiri site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ wee wepụta sodium carbonate ka ọ ghọọ ntụ ịsa ákwà maka mbupụ. Ndị ga-eso ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe a ga-enwe ebe obibi maka ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 1000, yana ebe a na-ere ọkụ eletrik site na kol iji nye ike maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ahụ. Tinyere nke ahụ, enwere ike na ndị nrụpụta nwere ike itinye ngwakọ [[ogbe brine]] iji mee ka arụmọrụ nke mwepụta dịkwuo mma. Dịka Chris Magin, onye ọrụ mba ụwa [[Royal Society for the Protection of Nnụnụ|RSPB's]] maka Afrịka si kwuo, "Ohere nke obere flamingoes ịnọgide na-amụba n'agbanyeghị ọgba aghara dị otu a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu. Mmepe a ga-eme ka obere flamingoes dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka ghara ịla n'iyi." Pasent iri asaa na ise nke obere flamingoes dị n'ụwa mụrụ na Lake Natron.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Billock|first1=Jennifer|title=The Deadly Lake Where 75 Percent of the World's Lesser Flamingoes Are Born|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/flamingos-find-life-among-death-180959265/|access-date=17 June 2016|work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|date=14 June 2016}}</ref> Ugbua, otu ihe karịrị iri ise ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi nke dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na-eme mkpọsa zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwụsị atụmatụ iwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe soda ash nke Tata Chemicals Ltd nke Mumbai, India, na National Development Corporation nke Tanzania. [[Ken Mwathe]], Onye njikwa mmemme nchekwa na [[BirdLife International]] nke Africa Secretariat na-ahazi otu a na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nche anwụ aha ya bụ Lake Natron Consultative Group. Dịka ozi e nyere na June 2008 si kwuo, Tata Chemicals agaghị aga n'ihu na Natron Project, a ga-enyochakwa ọrụ a ọzọ dịka atụmatụ Ramsar Wetlands si dị, nke a na-akwado ugbu a.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatachemicals.com/downloads/Position%20Statement%20on%20the%20Lake%20Natron%20Project-13-06-08.pdf |title=Position Statement on the Lake Natron Project |date=13 June 2008 |access-date=7 October 2013 |publisher=Tata Chemicals |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005011839/http://www.tatachemicals.com/downloads/Position%20Statement%20on%20the%20Lake%20Natron%20Project-13-06-08.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2013 |accessdate=9 July 2026 |archivedate=5 October 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005011839/http://www.tatachemicals.com/downloads/Position%20Statement%20on%20the%20Lake%20Natron%20Project-13-06-08.pdf }}</ref> N'ihi ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dị na ya, Tanzania kpọrọ Ọdọ Mmiri Natron Basin aha [[Ndepụta Ramsar nke Ala Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile]] na 4 Julaị 2001. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụkwa [[World Wildlife Fund]] halophytics nke East Africa [[ecoregion]]. ==Ịga leta ebe ahụ== E nwere ọtụtụ ebe a na-ama ụlọikwuu n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke bụkwa isi ebe a na-arịgo [[Ol Doinyo Lengai]]. Ọdọ Mmiri Natron nwere ike ịdọta ndị njem nleta nke dị mkpa maka mmepe [[ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi]]. Agbanyeghị, enweghị atụmatụ njikwa izugbe, enweghị ego zuru oke n'ọkwa ọrụ, enweghị usoro iji hụ na ekesara uru njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọma, na ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya na-adịghị mma nke ọma ka achọpụtara dị ka ihe ịma aka ndị bụ isi metụtara njikwa njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara ahụ. A pụkwara ịnweta ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na Shompole Conservancy [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Shoo|first=Rehema Abeli|chapter=Ecotourism Potential and Challenges at Lake Natron Ramsar Site, Tanzania|date=2020|title=Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania|series=Geotechnologies and the Environment|volume=22|pages=75–90|publisher=Springer International Publishing|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4_6|isbn=978-3-030-43301-7}}</ref> {{Gallery|align=center |File:Lake Natron satellite.JPG|Ọdọ Mmiri Natron dịka a hụrụ na program [[World Wind]] nke NASA |File:NatronSouthSide.jpg|Ọdọ mmiri nwere [[flamingo]] |File:Lengai from Natron.jpg|[[Ol Doinyo Lengai]] a hụrụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Natron }} ==Leekwa== *[[Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley]] *[[The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos]] ==Edensibia== {{reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{commons category|Lake Natron}} *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031024103822/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=9099 LakeNet Profile]}} *[http://www.birdlife.org/action/campaigns/lake_natron_flamingos/index.html Think Pink – Save Africa's Flamingos] *[http://www.nbcnews.com/science/bird-mummies-natron-lakes-toxic-waters-petrify-animals-fall-8C11322626 NBC article about Nick Brandt's photos of petrified animals at Natron lake] *{{cite web |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17239 |title=Lake Natron, Tanzania |work=[[NASA Earth Observatory|Earth Observatory Newsroom]] |access-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001020850/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17239 |archive-date=1 October 2006 |accessdate=9 July 2026 |archivedate=1 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001020850/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17239 }} *{{WWF ecoregion|name=East African halophytics|id=at0901}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Natron, Lake}} 9kga1c0wqnw9vi40as2lobu3m95o0e1 0 77633 688121 674785 2026-07-14T21:49:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọdọ Mmiri dị na Democratic Republic of Congo}} [[File:Lake Mai-Ndombe and Fimi River DRC.svg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Mai-Ndombe na Osimiri Fimi, n'agba uhie]] '''Ọdọ Mmiri Mai-Ndombe''' ({{langx|fr|Lac Mai-Ndombe}}, {{langx|nl|Mai-Ndombemeer}}) bụ nnukwu ọdọ mmiri mmiri dị ọcha na [[Mai-Ndombe Province|Mai-Ndombe province]] na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'ime mpaghara [[Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe]], Ala Mmiri kachasị ukwuu nke Mba Nile nke a nabatara site na [[Ramsar Convention]] n'ụwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |title=Logging concession different periods |publisher=Institute for Environmental Security |accessdate=2012-01-28 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf }}</ref> ==Ọnọdụ== Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-asọba n'ebe ndịda site na [[Osimiri Fimi]] gaa na [[Osimiri Kwah|Kwah]] na [[Osimiri Congo]]. A maara ya ruo 1972 dị ka '''Lake Leopold II''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Lac Léopold II''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Leopold II-meer'') mgbe [[Leopold nke Abụọ nke Belgium|Leopold nke Abụọ]], [[Eze nke ndị Belgium]]. ''Mai-Ndombe'' pụtara "mmiri ojii" n'asụsụ [[asụsụ Kongo|Kikongo]]. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ọdịdị na-adịghị mma ma dị omimi site na naanị mita 5 (nkezi) ruo mita 10 (kachasị). Ọ dị ihe dị ka square maịlụ 890 (square km 2,300), a maara na ọ na-amụba okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ okpukpu atọ n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Mmiri ya na-enweta oxygen n'ime omimi ha niile, pH ya dịkwa site na 4.2 ruo 5.5. Oke osimiri dị ala, nke nwere oke ọhịa gbara ya gburugburu site na oke ọhịa dị oke mmiri ozuzo nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu na oke ọhịa dị iche iche na [[savanna]] n'ebe ndịda. ==Biodiversity== Nnyocha egosila na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche n'ime na gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, anụmanụ dịka ụdị [[otter]] abụọ, [[marsh mongoose]], [[giant otter shrew]], ọtụtụ [[waterbird]]s, [[crocodile]]s na [[mbe]].<ref name=FEOW>Peck, E. (2013, updated 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162721/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Mai_Ndombe Mai Ndombe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162721/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Mai_Ndombe |date=2017-01-16 }}. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 11 October 2019.</ref> Mai-Ndombe nwere ihe ndị dị ka acidic, [[osimiri Blackwater|blackwater]], n'ozuzu ha, azụ̀ dị n'ọdọ mmiri a adịghị mma, ọbụlagodi ma e jiri ya tụnyere mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara Osimiri Congo.<ref name=FEOW/> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị ka [[Ọdọ Mmiri Tumba]] n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi ma mgbe ụfọdụ ọwa ma ọ bụ apịtị na-ejikọ ya kpọmkwem, e nwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị mkpa n'anụmanụ azụ̀ nke bi n'ọdọ mmiri abụọ ahụ, mana e nwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị azụ̀ ndị a na-ekerịta.<ref name=FEOW/><ref name=Hardman2008/> [[George Albert Boulenger]] mere nyocha mbụ ihe karịrị otu narị afọ gara aga, e nwebeghịkwa obere nnyocha e mere gbasara azụ̀ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ mgbe e mesịrị.<ref name=FEOW/> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, e mere nnyocha mbụ nke akụkụ ugwu ya naanị n'afọ 2002.<ref name=Schliewen2006/> A maara ihe karịrị ụdị azụ iri atọ, mana a na-eche na ọnụọgụgụ ha dị elu karịa nke ukwuu.<ref name=FEOW/> E nwere [[Endemism|endemics]] ise a maara: [[catfish]] ''[[Amphilius]] opisthophthalmus'' na [[cichlid]] ''[[Hemichromis]] cerasogaster'' Boulenger kọwara nke ọma n'ụzọ sayensị.<ref name=FEOW/> Ihe ndị ọzọ bụ nchọpụta ọhụrụ nke a kọwara naanị n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga: Na 1984, ụdị cichlid ọhụrụ, ''[[Nanochromis transvestitus]]'', a kpọrọ ya aha maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ na-egosipụta mgbanwe [[mmekọahụ dichromatism]], nke a kọwara n'ụzọ sayensị site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1445037|author=Donald J. Stewart|author2= Tyson R. Roberts|title=A New Species of Dwarf Cichilid Fish with Reversed Sexual Dichromatism from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Zaïre|journal=Copeia |volume=1984|issue=1|date=February 23, 1984|pages=82–86|doi=10.2307/1445037 |jstor=1445037 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Na 2006, ụdị cichlid ọhụrụ ọzọ, ''Nanochromis wickleri'', nke a kọwara,<ref name=Schliewen2006>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267699287 |author=Ulrich K. Schliewen|author2=Melanie L. J. Stiassny|title=A new species of ''Nanochromis'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1169 |issue=33|date=April 10, 2006|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> na afọ 2008, ụdị azụ̀ catfish ọhụrụ, ''[[Chrysichthys]] praecox'', ka e dekọrọ.<ref name=Hardman2008>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282762727|author=Michael Hardman |author2=Melanie L.J. Stiassny|title=A sexually dimorphic species of ''Chrysichthys'' (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo|journal=Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters |volume= 19|issue=2|pages=175–184|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> ==Ọrụ akụ na ụba== Ụfọdụ n'ime ebe ndị bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akụ osisi [[Sodefor]] dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mai-Ndombe.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php |title = Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales |publisher = SODEFOR |accessdate = 2012-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |url-status = dead |archivedate = 2016-03-04 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php }}</ref> Na 28 Nọvemba 2009, ụgbọ mmiri abụọ e ji osisi rụọ mikpuru nke mere ka mmadụ 73 nwụọ. E nyeghị ikike ibu ndị njem n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, mana a kwenyere na o nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 270 n'ime ya n'oge ahụ.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8384441.stm BBC News article reporting the boat sinking]</ref> A na-ejikarị ọdọ mmiri Mai-Ndombe na usoro osimiri eme njem n'ofe obodo ahụ n'ihi na usoro okporo ụzọ ala ezughị oke. Ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị njem na-ebu ọtụtụ narị mmadụ kwa ụbọchị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị a ochie ma a naghị elekọta ha nke ọma. Na Satọde, Mee 25, 2019, ụgbọ mmiri ndị njem karịrị mmadụ 350 kpuru n'oké ifufe. E kwuputara na ihe karịrị mmadụ iri anọ na ise nwụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ ahụ, a hụkwara na ihe karịrị otu narị ka furu efu. N'ịzaghachi, gọọmentị kwuru na ha ga-amachibido ụgbọ mmiri osisi ndị na-ebu mmadụ karịrị afọ ise ịgafe ọdọ mmiri ahụ.<ref>{{cite web |title=30 dead, more than 150 missing after boat sinks on Congo lake |date=2019-05-27 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203935/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html |archive-date=2019-07-12 |url-status=live |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html}}</ref> ==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ== * Mapping the vegetation cover of the Mai-Ndombe region (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Regional School of Integrated Forest and Land Management. [[University of Kinshasa]], July 2003 * Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa, Vol. 1. J.-P. Vanden Bossche & G.M. Bernacsek {{ISBN|92-5-102983-0}} ==Ntụaka== {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20001204200500/http://www.worldlakes.org/ Article title]}} {{Authority control}} fcosvemul4ls3uiadseq62dt4vgqx5e 0 77679 688120 687954 2026-07-14T21:48:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Lake Kyoga-8.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ mmiri Kyoga]]   '''Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga''' ma ọ bu '''Ọdọ Mmiri Kioga''' (nke pụtara "ebe a na-asa ahụ" n'asụsụ Runyoro) bụ nnukwu ọdọ mmiri na-adịghị omimi dị na Uganda. O nwere mpaghara ruru ihe dị ka kilomita skwea 1,720 (660 sq mi) ma dị n'ịdị elu nke ihe dịka mita 1,033 n'elu oke osimiri.Osimiri Victoria Nile na-agafe n'ime ọdọ mmiri a ka ọ na-aga site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Albert.Isi iyi mmiri kachasị na-abata n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga sitere n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, a na-achịkwa ya site na Nalubaale Power Station dị na Jinja. E nwekwara isi iyi ọzọ sitere na mpaghara Ugwu Elgon, nke dị n'ókèala n'etiti Uganda na Kenya.N'agbanyeghị na Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga bụ akụkụ nke usoro Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka , a naghị agụ ya n'onwe ya dịka otu n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2024-05-13|title=Govt starts irrigation schemes in Serere|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-starts-irrigation-schemes-in-serere-4621462|accessdate=2024-05-21|work=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruru omimi nke ihe dị ka mita 5.7, ọtụtụ n'ime ya erughị mita 4 n'omimi.Mpaghara ndị na-erughị mita 3 n'omimi jupụtara na lilies mmiri, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ụsọ mmiri ahụ jupụtara na papyrus na mmiri hyacinth.Papyrus ahụ na-emepụta Agwaetiti ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri nke na-agagharị n'etiti ọtụtụ obere agwaetiti na-adịgide adịgide. Nnukwu ala mmiri na-enye mmiri site na usoro mgbagwoju anya nke iyi na osimiri gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu. Mgbatị Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga gụnyere Ọdọ Mmiri Kwania, Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina, Ọdọ Mmiri Bugondo, na Ọdọ Mmiri Opeta. == Fauna na ịkụ azụ == Agụ iyi Naịl dị ọtụtụ, dị ka anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Enwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị haplochromine cichlid 60, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Lake Victoria sardine na marbled lungfish. Ọtụtụ n'ime haplochromine cichlids bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, mana ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụdị Lake Victoria, <ref name="Green2009">{{Cite book|author=Green, J.|year=2009|chapter=The Kyoga Catchment|pages=205–214|editor=H.J. Dumont|title=The Nile|series=Monographiae Biologicae|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V|isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6}}</ref> <ref name="Mwanja2001">{{Cite journal|author=Mwanja, W.W.|year=2001|title=The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=458|issue=1|pages=55–62|doi=10.1023/A:1013167725047}}</ref> ma gosipụta ọkwa dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara nri. <ref name="Mbabazi2004">{{Cite journal|author=Mbabazi, D.|year=2004|title=Fish species and trophic diversity of haplochromine cichlids in the Kyoga satellite lakes (Uganda)|journal=African Journal of Ecology|volume=42|issue=1|pages=59–68|doi=10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x}}</ref> Kyoga cichlids gụnyere ụdị abụọ akọwapụtara dịka ''Haplochromis latifasciatus'' na ''H. worthingtoni'', na nke a na-akọwaghị dịka <nowiki><i id="mwWA">H.</i></nowiki> sp. "Kyoga flameback" na <nowiki><i id="mwWg">H.</i></nowiki> sp. "Ruby". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bauman, K.|title=African Cichlids from the Lake Victoria basin|url=http://www.african-cichlid.com/Lake_Victoria.htm|accessdate=25 September 2019|archivedate=14 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714054245/http://african-cichlid.com/Lake_Victoria.htm}}</ref> Dị ka ọ dị na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, a kpochapụrụ Kyoga cichlids site na perch Naịl e webatara ma ụfọdụ ụdị adịlarị. N'ihi na Kyoga n'ozuzu ya adịghị omimi ma bụrụ nke marsh, akụkụ ụfọdụ - "ọdọ mmiri satellite" - dịpụrụ adịpụ ruo ogo dị iche iche site na ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ haplochromine cichlids dị ndụ na ngalaba ọ bụla nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na ọnọdụ nke perch Naịl. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, ihe na-erughị ụdị haplochromine 50 na-adị ndụ na ngalaba bụ isi ebe ebe a na-ahụkarị osisi Naịl. N'iji ya tụnyere, ọdọ mmiri satellite ndị pere mpe Lemwa, Nyaguo na Nawampasa enweghị perch Naịl, mana ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị haplochromine 50 dị ndụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime abụọ mbụ, na ọ dịkarị 60 na nke ikpeazụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, obere ọdọ mmiri satellite Nakuwa na Nyasala ebe ebe a na-ahụkarị ala Naịl nwere ihe na-erughị haplochromines 30 na 5 dị ndụ.Nke a pụtakwara na ịkụ azụ na usoro Lake Kyoga ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee site n'otu oge na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ ụdị ala, gaa ugbu a na-elekọta Lake Victoria sardine, ebe a na-ewebata Nile ma webata Nile tilapia (tilapia abụọ, Singida na Victoria, aghọwo ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma e wezụga na ụfọdụ ọdọ mmiri satellite). N'afọ 2006, naanị 4% nke ndị e jidere bụ haplochromine cichlids.<ref name="Witte2009">{{Cite book|author=Witte, F.|year=2009|chapter=Fisheries in the Nile System|pages=723–748|editor=H.J. Dumont|title=The Nile|series=Monographiae Biologicae|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V|isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6}}</ref> == Flora == [[Faịlụ:Lake_Kyoga_Papyrus.jpg|alt=Lake Kyoga Papyrus|thumb|Akwụkwọ papaịrọs Lake Kyoga]] Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga nwere osisi ndị gụnyere ''Pistia stratiotes'' (mkpụrụ mmiri lettuce), Cyperus papyrus, ''Vossia cuspidata'' (ahịhịa hippo) na lily mmiri (''Nymphaea'' spp.).<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNF - Lake Kyoga|url=https://www.globalnature.org/35625/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Kyoga/resindex.aspx#:~:text=Lake%20Kyoga%20has%20a%20rich,also%20found%20in%20the%20lake.|accessdate=2024-05-21|work=www.globalnature.org|archivedate=2024-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521070219/https://www.globalnature.org/35625/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Kyoga/resindex.aspx#:~:text=Lake%20Kyoga%20has%20a%20rich,also%20found%20in%20the%20lake.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3596|title=Lake Kyoga|work=World Lake Database|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation|accessdate=2025-10-27}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * DWD (2002) ''Nkwadebe El Niño maka Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-enwekarị idei mmiri na Uganda.'' Directorate of Water Development. Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Entebbe, Uganda. * ILM (2004) ''Nkwado maka Nchịkwa nke Sudd Blockage na Lake Kyoga.'' Mepụtara maka Integrated Lake Management Project site na Environmental Impact Assessment Centre of Finland, EIA Ltd. (online PDF version) * Twongo, T. (2001) ''Azụmaahịa na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọdọ mmiri Kyoga.'' Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Akụnụba (FIRRI), Jinja, Uganda. == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * [http://www.photius.com/countries/uganda/geography/uganda_geography_lakes_and_rivers.html Ọdọ mmiri na osimiri dị na Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150204122325/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=AFR-15 Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga] (World Lakes Database) rirsz3l07ly8ry0b4j89ikdn3vgijkp 0 77716 688114 675941 2026-07-14T21:41:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Lake in Malawi}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Lake Chilwa | image = Lake Chilwa NASA.jpg | caption = seen from space (false color) | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = |pushpin_map=Malawi | location = [[Zomba District]] | coords = {{Coord|15|18|S|35|42|E|region:MW_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = Naisi, Thondwe, Phalombe, Songani, Domasi | outflow = none | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Malawi]] | length = {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} | area = | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | islands = Chisi | cities = |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 14 November 1996 | designation1_number = 869<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Chilwa|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/869|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }}   '''ọdọ mmiri Chilwa''' bụ ọdọ mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na [[Malawi]] mgbe Ọdọ Mmị Malawi gasịrị. Ọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Zomba District, nso ókèala ya na [[Mozambique]]. Ihe dị ka kilomita 60 n'ogologo na kilomita 40 n'obosara, ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu Ala mmiri gbara ya gburugburu. E nwere agwaetiti dị n'etiti ọdọ mmiri a na-akpọ Chisi Island. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ enweghị ụzọ ọpụpụ, mmiri ozuzo na-emetụtakwa ọkwa mmiri nke ukwuu. N'afọ 1968, ọdọ mmiri ahụ lara n'iyi n'oge ọkọchị pụrụ iche. Mgbe David Livingstone gara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 1859, ọ kọrọ na ókèala ya dị n'ebe ndịda ruru Mulanje Massif, -eme ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ dịkarịa ala kilomita 32 (20 mi) ogologo karịa ka ọ dị taa.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepe Mba Nile nke Denmark, na Gọọmentị Malawi, na-arụ ọrụ iji hụ na a na-echekwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ala mmiri ya. Emepeela Mmemme Mgbanwe Ihu Igwe nke Lake Chilwa Basin (LCBCCAP) iji chekwaa mpaghara dị mkpa, nke abụghị naanị ala mmiri dị mkpa maka anụmanụ mpaghara, kamakwa isi iyi maka ngwaahịa azụ na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/|title=Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme|accessdate=2015-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305173627/http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/|archivedate=2016-03-05}}</ref> == Anụ Ọhịa == Ụdị azụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na ọdọ mmiri Chilwa bụ Barbus paludinosus, Oreochromis shiranus chilwae, Clarias gariepinus, Brycinus imberi na Gnathonemus.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Njaya|first=Friday J.|title=Management options for Lake Chilwa, Malawi|url=http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/fridayprf.pdf|work=UNU Fisheries Training Programme|publisher=[[United Nations]]|date=2001|accessdate=2026-07-10|archivedate=2017-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117231905/http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/fridayprf.pdf}}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-akwado nnụnụ mmiri dị ihe dị ka nde 1.5, yana ihe dị ka ụdị nnụnụ 160 dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-esi Siberia na-agafe n'ụzọ ụgbọelu Eshia na East Africa kwa afọ. Site na ụdị nnụnụ iri na abụọ, ọnụọgụgụ ha karịrị 1% nke ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ niile na-efe efe. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ gbara ya gburugburu dị oke elu ma na-eto eto, a na-achụkwa nnụnụ mmiri maka nri mgbe mmiri dị ala ma ịkụ azụ̀ na-akpata nsogbu. A na-eme mgbalị iji hụ na a na-achụ nta n'ụzọ ga-adịgide adịgide..<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4htx09cb-6gC&pg=PA255|title=Waterbirds around the world: a global overview of the conservation, management and research of the world's waterbird flyways|first=G. C.|author=Boere|publisher=The Stationery Office|year=2006|isbn=0-11-497333-4}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == [[Faịlụ:Lakechilwa.jpg|thumb|Ụsọ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chilwa, Chisi Island n'ebe dị anya.]] Ihe dị ka obodo 335 nwere ihe karịrị mmadụ 60,000 <ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Malawi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuXPkCVjzasC|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|date=2012-01-01|isbn=9780810859616|language=en|first=Owen J. M.|author=Kalinga|authorlink=Owen J. M. Kalinga}}</ref> na-egbu azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ma na-adọta ihe karịrị tọn 17,000 kwa afọ, 20% [[Iku azu|ịkụ azụ]] niile e jidere na Malawi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Livelihoods Drying Up on Malawi's Lake Chilwa {{!}} Inter Press Service|url=https://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/livelihoods-drying-up-on-malawis-lake-chilwa/|work=www.ipsnews.net|date=17 August 2012|accessdate=2015-09-14}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} jvyqfqk187x9hw4v1s0s1wspg2m66pg 0 77722 688117 676916 2026-07-14T21:43:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Lake in Kenya}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Lake Elementaita | image = Elementaita2.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|0|27|S|36|15|E|region:KE_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|18|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1,670|m|abbr=on}} ASL | islands = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Kenya#Africa | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Lake Elmenteita in Kenya. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 5 September 2005 | designation1_number = 1498<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Elmenteita|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1498|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | child = yes | Official_name = Kenyan Lake System of the Great Rift Valley | Criteria = Natural: vii, ix, x | ID = 1060 | Year = 2011 }} }}   '''Ọdọ Mmiri Elmenteita''' bụ ọdọ mmiri soda, na Ndagwurugwu Rift Ukwu, ihe dị ka kilomita 120 n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Nairobi, [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Scoon|first=Roger N.|chapter=Lakes of the Gregory Rift Valley: Baringo, Bogoria, Nakuru, Elmenteita, Magadi, Manyara and Eyasi|date=2018|title=Geology of National Parks of Central/Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania|pages=167–180|publisher=Springer International Publishing|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-73785-0_15|isbn=978-3-319-73784-3}}</ref> == Ọdịdị ala == [[File:Elementaita1.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Lake Elmenteita from the Nairobi-Nakuru highway]] Elmenteita sitere na okwu [[asụsụ Maasai|Maasai]] Okwu {{lang|mas|muteita}}, nke pụtara "ebe uzuzu", nke na-ezo aka na nkụ na uzuzu nke mpaghara ahụ, karịsịa site na Jenụwarị ruo Maachị. Obodo Gilgil dị nso na ọdọ mmiri ahụ. N'usoro ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley, Elmenteita dị n'etiti Ọdọ mmiri Naivasha na Ọdọ mmiri Nakuru. N'akụkụ ọdịda dị nso, nnukwu okporo ụzọ Nairobi-Nakuru (ụzọ A104 (Kenya)|Ụzọ A104) na-enye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ọmarịcha ọhụụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Taa ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe echekwara n'ihi ndụ nnụnụ ya ma aha ya dị ka Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO yana Ọdọ mmiri Nakuru na Ọdọ mmiri Bogoria. N'ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Elementaita, tinyere ndị agbata obi Nakuru na Bogoria, mepụtara otu ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke mesịrị kpọọ nkụ, na-ahapụ ọdọ mmiri tọ ahụ dị ka ihe fọdụrụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC|url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588|accessdate=2025-03-11|work=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> Na njedebe ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ isi iyi ọkụ "Kekopey", ebe azụ a na-ewebata, Lake Magadi tilapia, na-amụ. Àkwà ahịhịa ndị dị nso bụ ebe a na-egbu azụ maka herons na pelicans. Ọ bụ Ọdọ Mmiri soda (ọka alkalinity, ụdị dị iche iche dị elu). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Duckworth|first=Alexander W.|date=1996|title=Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles|journal=FEMS Microbiology Ecology|volume=19|issue=3|pages=181–191|doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00211.x}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[File:Lake Elmenteita satellite image.png|thumb|250px|right|Lake Elmenteita, as seen from space.]] Mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Elmenteita hụrụ ebe obibi mbụ nke ndị ọcha mgbe Hugh Cholmondeley, nke atọ bụ Baron Delamere (1879-1931) guzobere ugo Soysambu n'ala dị square kilomita 190 (eka 48,000) n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. O nyere nwanne di ya nwoke, Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (1881-1929), akụkụ nke ugbo Kekopey ya, ebe e liri ya, ka echekwara taa dị ka ebe obibi Lake Elementaita.. Ugbo Soysambu, nke Ezinụlọ Delamere ka nwere, kpuchiri ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụsọ mmiri ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke ihe karịrị anụ ọhịa 12,000. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'onwe ya abụwo Ebe Ramsar kemgbe afọ 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.kenya_elmenteita.htm|title=Lake Elmenteita added to the Ramsar List|author=Peck|first=Dwight|date=17 September 2005|publisher=The [[Ramsar Convention]] on Wetlands|accessdate=2009-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114201824/http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.kenya_elmenteita.htm|archivedate=November 14, 2008}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi == E dekọrọla ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 400 n'ime ọdọ mmiri Nakuru/Ọdọ mmiri Elmenteita. Elmenteita na-adọta flamingo ndị na-abịa, ma ndị ukwu ma ndị nta, bụ́ ndị na-eri crustacean na ụmụ ahụh na algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ya n'otu n'otu. E si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Magadi webata Lake Magadi tilapia n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 1962, kemgbe ahụkwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ flamingo ebelatala nke ukwuu. Tilapia na-adọta ọtụtụ nnụnụ na-eri azụ̀ bụ́ ndị na-erikwa àkwá flamingo na ụmụ ọkụkọ. A na-ekwu na ihe karịrị otu nde nnụnụ ndị a zụlitere na Elmenteita agbaala ọsọ ndụ na Lake Natron na [[Tanzania]]. A na-azụ anụ ọhịa [[zebra]], gazelle, eland na ezinụlọ warthog n'ikperé mmiri ahụ. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-adịkarị omimi (ihe na-erughị 1 m omimi) ma nwee ala apịtị n'oge ọkọchị. N'oge Pleistocene na mmalite Holocene, Ọdọ Mmiri Elmenteita na ọdọ mmiri Nakuru gbasaa mgbe ụfọdụ, na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri buru ibu. A na-echekwa ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ọdọ mmiri mbụ ahụ dị ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ala n'ebe dị iche iche gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, gụnyere ụsọ mmiri mbụ. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọdọ mmiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke flamingoes adaala ka ọrụ mmadụ na-arịwanye elu emeela ka ebe na-ejupụta mmiri kpọọ nkụ.<ref>''Daily Nation'', December 8, 2009: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120915191006/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/819794/-/item/1/-/fvmhvq/-/index.html A lake lies on its deathbed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915191006/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/819794/-/item/1/-/fvmhvq/-/index.html |date=2012-09-15 }}</ref> == Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị metụtara ya == N'ebe dị nso bụ Kariandusi Museum, n'otu ebe dị mkpa tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme ebe Louis Leakey chọpụtara mkpịsị aka na mkpịsị ụkwụ na 1928. Elmenteita Badlands bụ lava na-asọba n'ebe ndịda ọdọ mmiri ahụ, kpuchiri ya n'ọhịa ma gụnye ụfọdụ ugwu mara mma. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke Ebe Nketa Ụwa na Kenya == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] prq4m5aan5jfhugygm5ezddix4oo16s 0 77823 688135 686862 2026-07-14T22:02:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọdọ Mmiri dị na Democratic Republic of Congo}} [[File:Lake Tumba NASA.jpg|thumb|Ahụrụ m ya site na mbara igwe (agba ụgha)]] [[File:Lake Tumba DRC.svg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Ntomba, n'agba uhie]] '''Ọdọ Mmiri Ntomba''' (ma ọ bụ Tumba) bụ ọdọ mmiri dị omimi n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], na [[Bikoro Territory]] nke [[Province of Équateur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-01 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |first=X. |last=Blaes |publisher=PNUD-SIG |date=October 2008 |access-date=2011-12-09}}</ref> Aha a bụ ''Tumba'' sitere na ịkpọ aha ahụ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi site n'aka ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo ahụ. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka {{convert|765|km2}} dabere na oge, jikọtara ya site na ọwa Irebu na [[Osimiri Congo]]. Mmiri nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ma ọ bụ si n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụta site na ọwa a dabere na oge na idei mmiri. Ọdọ Mmiri Ntomba nwere ụdị azụ 114 ma na-akwado ebe a na-azụ azụ dị mkpa.<ref name=FAO2001>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |date=January 2001 |access-date=2012-01-28 |archive-date=2008-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-07-10 |archivedate=2008-03-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM }}</ref> Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'etiti mpaghara [[Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe|Ntomba-Ngiri-Maindombe]], nke akpọrọ Ala Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile site na [[Mgbakọ Ramsar]] na 2008.<ref name=ENS20080724>{{cite web |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-24-02.asp |title=DR Congo Announces World's Largest Protected Wetland |work=Environment News Service |date=July 24, 2008 |access-date=2012-01-28}}</ref> [[Henry Morton Stanley]] mere nchọpụta n'Ọdọ Mmiri Ntomba n'afọ 1883. [[Ndị Mongo]] bi n'ime [[Ọhịa apịtị nke Western Congo|Ọhịa apịtị]] gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu, ndị nọ n'ógbè a kewara ụzọ abụọ [[ụdị]]: ''Oto'', ndị na-akọ ugbo, na ''[[Ntomba Twa|Twa]]'', [[Pygmies]] ndị na-akụ azụ. == Ntụaka == {{reflist}} hk04b4cjq6gx72wtmfzb3ygl9mlw58o 0 77886 688096 687717 2026-07-14T18:17:38Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688096 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Ludwig II. Grand duke of Baden.png|thumb|Louis nke Abụọ, Eze Ukwu nke Baden]] '''Louis nke Abụọ''' ({{langx|de|Ludwig II.}}; 15 Ọgọst 1824 – 22 Jenụwarị 1858) bụ [[:en:Grand_Duke_of_Baden|Eze Ukwu nke Baden]] site na 24 Eprel 1852 ruo ọnwụ ya na 1858. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke [[:en:Leopold_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden|Leopold I, Eze Ukwu nke Baden]], yana Adaeze Sophie nke Sweden. == Mmalite Ndụ Ya == A mụrụ Louis na 15 Ọgọst 1824 dị ka nwa nwoke nke [[:en:Leopold_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden|Leopold, nwa eze Baden ga-anọchi nna ya]] (mesịrị bụrụ Eze Ukwu Leopold I), yana Adaeze Sophie nke Sweden. Mgbe a mụrụ ya, [[:en:Grand_Duke_of_Baden|Grand Duke nke Baden]] bụ nwanne nna ya nke nwoke bụ [[:en:Louis_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden|Louis nke Mbụ]]. Dị ka ndị ga-anọchi ocheeze n'ọdịnihu, Louis na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Frederick, nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ọgbaraọhụrụ ma na-emekarị njem ezinụlọ aga n'ebe ugwu Ịtali na Netherlands n'oge ha bụ nwata. Mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa, nna Louis ghọrọ eze Baden.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG194065|title=Leopold I, Grand Duke of Baden|work=[[The British Museum]]|accessdate=28 January 2025}}</ref> Site na Disemba 1842 ruo Mee 1843, Louis na Frederick zutere ndị Austria ọkwa ha dị elu n'oge ha nọrọ na Vienna. Louis mechara gụọ akwụkwọ na [[:en:University_of_Heidelberg|Mahadum Heidelberg]] . == Ọchịchị Ya == Louis nọchiri nna ya dịka Grand Duke nke Baden na 24 Eprel 1852. Nwanne ya nwoke, Frederick, rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-achị, ebe Louis nwere ọrịa isi mgbaka. N'afọ 1856, Frederick ghọrọ Grand Duke, ebe a na-ewere ọrịa isi mgbaka Louis dịka nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe na nke na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ bụ nwa amaala nsọpụrụ nke Karlsruhe. Louis nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 22, 1858. == Ndị nna nna Ya == <templatestyles src="Ahnentafel/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Zähringen]]|15 August|1824|22 January|1858}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|before=[[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden|Leopold]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Baden|Grand Duke of Baden]]|years=1852–1856}} {{s-aft|after=[[Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden|Frederick I]]}} {{s-end}}{{Princes of Baden}}{{Authority control}} 4gzqgt1um6k2t785qm5iv735wwe6zz2 0 77887 688092 687718 2026-07-14T17:19:15Z Ceentia 24734 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299326365|Louis VIII, Duke of Bavaria]]" 688092 wikitext text/x-wiki   Louis nke Asatọ nke Bavaria (German: Ludwig nke Asatọ der Höckrige, Louis the Hunchback) (1 Septemba 1403[1] – 7 Eprel 1445[2]) bụ Duke nke Bavaria-Ingolstadt bido na 1443 ruo ọnwụ ya. A mụrụ ya na Paris, nwa nwoke nke Louis nke Asatọ na nwunye mbụ ya bụ Anne de Bourbon-La Marche, ada nke John nke Mbụ, Count nke La Marche. Ọ nwụrụ na afọ 1445 na Ingolstadt. == Akụkọ ndụ == N'afọ 1416, ọ nwetara utu aha nke Count of Graisbach . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Mueller|first=Steven|title=The Wittelsbach Dynasty|date=2007|publisher=Waldmann Press|isbn=978-0-9702576-3-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eVcjAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%221416%22%20graisbach|accessdate=28 April 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Margarete nke Brandenburg (1410 - 27 July 1465), nwa nwanyị nke Frederick nke Mbụ nke Brandenburg, na 20 Julaị 1441.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Allgemeine deutsche Biographie|date=1884|publisher=Duncker & Humblot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFS8GOwi2ikC&dq=Ludwig+VIII.+Margarete+%2220+juli+1441%22&pg=PA507|accessdate=28 April 2024|language=de}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 1438, Louis na nna ya Louis nke asaa anọwo na-ese okwu, onye nyere nwa nwoke ọzọ (na-abụghị nke iwu). Louis sonyeere Henry nke Iri na Isii nke Bavaria-Landshut megide nna ya, onye e mechara tụọ mkpọrọ na 1443, mana Louis nke Asatọ nwụrụ afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Mgbe Louis nke asaa nwụkwara na 1447, Henry mesịrị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na Bavaria-Ingolstadt. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} aptbhdh20llz504hkqbrajkbv2km3bb 0 77947 688197 688045 2026-07-15T06:56:27Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Ritratto di Amedeo IX il Beato - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Amadeus nke Itoolu, Duke nke Savoy ]]    Amadeus nke iteghete (Febụwarị nke mbụ na afọ 1435 -ụbọchị iri atọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 1472), happy ka ejiri mara ya bụ Duke nke Savoy site na afọ 1465 ruo n'afọ 1472. E jiri nsọpụrụ ya mara ya, orụ obi ọma ya, na enweghị nsogbu ya, Chọọchị Katọliki na-akwanyere ya ugwu na oriri liturgical na ụbọchị iri atọ n'ọnwa Machị. Popu Innocent nke Iri na otu doro ya nsọ n'afọ 1677. Ebe amụrụ Amadeus bụ na Thonon-les-Bains, nwa nwoke Louis, Duke nke Savoy, na Anne nke Lusignan, [1] nwa nwanyị Janus nke Cyprus, Eze nke Cyprus. N'afọ 1452, nne ya haziri alụmdi na nwunye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Yolande nke Valois (1434-1478), nwanne nwanyị nke Louis nke Iri na Otu nke France na nwa nwanyị nke Charles nke asaa. N'ihi ọrịa akwụkwụ ya na ezumike nká ya, E nyere ya steeti ahụ ahụ n'aka.<ref name="bunson">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-pwoTFp31kC&q=blessed+amadeus+ix+of+savoy&pg=PA75|title=Bunson, Matthew and Bunson, Stephen. "Amadeus IX of Savoy", ''Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints'', OSV Publishing, 2003|isbn=9781931709750|author=Bunson|first=Matthew|year=2003}}</ref> Obodo France na Ala ukwuu dị Nsọ Rom gbara asọmpi iji nweta ikike nke ụzọ ugwu Alpine dị mkpa nke Savoy na ụzọ azụmahịa.<ref name="savoy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/history.asp?id=387|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206075352/http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/history.asp?id=387|title="The Early Dukes of Savoy", American Delegation of Savoy Orders|archivedate=February 6, 2012}}</ref> Nwanne ya nwanyị, Charlotte nke Savoy, bụ kwa nwunye nke abụọ nke Louis nke iri na otu. Mmetụta ndị France bara ụba nke ukwuu ruo na Savoy na mee ka mbaa lụọ agha dị n'etiti France na ndị eze ukwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13492a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Savoy|work=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> E wuru Castle nke Moncaller na Piedmont, E wuru Ịtali n'oge 1100 ewuru ka ugwu, iji nye iwu ka ụzọ ndịda si Turin. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na ise, Yolande gbanwere bụrụ zie Obi Eze nke Renaissance. Amadeus bụ onye nche chere ndị isi nchụ aja Franciscan. O nyekwara ụlọ ụka ndị ọzọ yana ụlọ obibi maka nlekọta nke ndị ụbịam na ndị enweghị ka ọra ha.<ref name="savoy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/history.asp?id=387|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206075352/http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/history.asp?id=387|title="The Early Dukes of Savoy", American Delegation of Savoy Orders|archivedate=February 6, 2012}}</ref> Ọ jere njem ala nsọ na Saint-Claude n'oge 1471. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13341a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint-Claude|work=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ na eso ya.<ref name="savoy" /> Amadeus bụ onye na-edekwa ihe odide, na anakọtakwa ihe karịrị iri isii na- ọba akwụkwọ ducal nke nna nna ya Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy bidoro.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hand|first=Joni M|title=Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe 1350–1550|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-53653-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=azMrDwAAQBAJ&q=Amadeus+IX%2C+Duke+of+Savoy&pg=PA25}}</ref> Amadeus IX na Yolande nke Valois mụrụ ụmụ iri: pij2y1m5s1zwcvlltjlh15pkcd7jvl8 0 77948 688202 688054 2026-07-15T09:01:31Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:PetrusGonsalvus.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus]]    '''Petrus Gonsalvus''' ( Spanish: Pedro González; ihe dị ka 1537, Tenerife – ihe dị ka 1618, Capodimonte) bụ nwa amadi nọ n'obí Henry nke Abụọ nke Eze France . Ulisse Aldrovandi kpọrọ ya "nwoke nke ọhịa", ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ntutu isi ya pụrụ iche, nke dọtara uche n'oge ndụ ya niile (na karịa, karịsịa dịka ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ya ketara ọnọdụ ya). Mmasị a sitere ma n'aka ndị dọkịta, ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka ikpe mbụ e dekọrọ nke ọma ma nwee nkwenye doro anya banyere ọrịa na-eme ka ntutu too nke ukwuu n'ahụhypertrichosis (ọ dịkarịa ala na Europe) - yana ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ya (gụnyere ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu, ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge), ya na ya na-enweta aha njirimara dị ka "nwoke ọhịa nke Tenerife" (Spanish: salvaje gentilhombre de Tenerife) na "Canarian werewolf" (hombre lobo canario). E dekọrọ akụkọ ndụ ya nke ọma n'oge ọ bi n'ụlọ ikpe eze dị iche iche na France na Ịtali. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Gonsalvus na Mee 9, 1537, n'àgwàetiti Tenerife, obere oge ka Alonso Fernández de Lugo merichara àgwàetiti ahụ. N'ịbụ onye sitere n'agbụrụ Guanche, e mechara nye ya nsọpụrụ {{Lang|es|[[Don (honorific)|Don]]}} nsọpụrụ n'oge e mesịrị nke ndụ ya n'ihi na e kwenyere na nne na nna ya sitere n'ezinụlọ ndị mencey (ndị eze ọdịnala) nke Tenerife.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Zapperi|first=Roberto|title=El salvaje gentilhombre de Tenerife: La singular historia de Pedro González y sus hijos|publisher=Zech|year=2006|isbn=9788493310875|location=Santa Úrsula|language=es}}</ref> Gonsalvus bịara mbụ n'ụlọ ikpe nke Henry nke Abụọ, Eze France na 1547 mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ iri, e zigakwara ya ebe ahụ dị ka onyinye sitere n'ụlọikpe nke Margaret nke Parma, onye na-achị Netherlands n'aha eze .<ref name=":0" /> Ọ lụrụ nwunye mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ; aha nwunye ya ka na-amaghị, ma a kwenyere na a na-akpọ ya Catherine Raffelin. A na-ekwenyekwa na o nwere ike ịbụ na ọ bụ nwanyị na-ejere [[Catherine de' Medici]] ozi n'ụlọ ikpe eze . Ka e mesịrị, e bufere ya n'ụlọ ikpe Alexander Farnese, Duke nke Parma. N'ime ụmụ ya isii, naanị abụọ - Françoise na Enrico - enweghị ọrịa hypertrichosis. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="Article previously said seven, but there was no source and most sources (even if simply parroting each other) only name six children. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ndị nwere hypertrichosis—dịka Antonietta Gonsalvus - bụkwa ndị dọtara mmasị ndị mmadụ, gụnyere ịbụ ndị e sere n'osise. Ezinaụlọ ya ghọrọ isiokwu ọmụmụ ahụike nke Ulisse Aldrovandi na ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị na Gonsalvus na ụmụ ya ndị nwere ọtụtụ ntutu biri ma na-eme omume dịka ndị a ma ama, ndị ha na ha dịrị n'otu oge ahụ eleghị ha anya dịka mmadụ zuru oke. Dị ka e mere nna ha, a na-enyekwa ha ndị ọchịchị na ndị a ma ama ndị ọzọ dị ka onyinye, ka ha bụrụ ụdị anụ ụlọ a na-edebe n'ụlọ ikpe eze. N'ikpeazụ, Gonsalvus na nwunye ya biri na Ịtali.  E E depụtara aha ya n'ime ndị bịara emume baptizim nke nwa nwa ya n'afọ 1617. Ọ nwụrụ na Ọktoba 15, 1618, na Capodimonte. Ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na otu. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]<span class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" mwt20="" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="Article previously said that his attendance of his grandson's christening was his last record, but this is obviously contradicted by the oft-cited death date and place (January 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;<nowiki>","href":"./Template:Citation_needed"},"params":{"reason":{"wt":"Article previously said that his attendance of his grandson's christening was his last record, but this is obviously contradicted by the oft-cited death date and place"},"date":{"wt":"January 2023"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwPA" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </nowiki></span> == Ụlọ Nchekwa Nkà na Ihe Ịtụnanya, Ambras Castle == N'ime Nchịkọta Ụlọ Nchekwa Nkà na Ihe Ịtụnanya nke Ambras Castle dị na Innsbruck, Austria, e nwere osise Pedro González (Petrus Gonsalvus) yana osise ndị ọzọ nwere ụdị ntutu na-eto nke ukwuu n'ahụ (hirsutism) n'ogo dị njọ, nke a na-akpọkwa Ambras syndrome ma ọ bụ [[hypertrichosis]]" id="mwQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Generalized congenital hypertrichosis">nke a kpọrọ Ambras syndrome ma ọ bụ hypertrichosis n'afọ 1933, n'ihi ihe osise ya dị na nchịkọta a.<ref name="erche">{{Cite journal|journal=Weltkunst|language=German|url=http://www.kunstkammer.com/pdf/Weltkunst082008.pdf|author=Erche B|title=Der schlimmste Boesewicht der Walachei|date=August 2008|accessdate=June 30, 2009}}</ref><gallery> Faịlụ:Joris_Hoefnagel_-_Animalia_Rationalia_et_Insecta_(Ignis)-_Plate_I.jpg|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine by Joris Hoefnagel Faịlụ:Joris_Hoefnagel_-_Animalia_Rationalia_et_Insecta_(Ignis)-_Plate_II.jpg|Children of Petrus Gonsalvus by Joris Hoefnagel Faịlụ:Innsbruck_2_264.jpg|Madelene Gonsalvas portrait, 1580, Ambras collection Faịlụ:16th-century_unknown_painters_-_The_Son_of_the_"Hairy_Man_from_Munich"_-_WGA23791.jpg|Henry Gonsalvas, Ambras Collection Faịlụ:Tognina.jpg|Portrait of Antonietta Gonzales by Lavinia Fontana, 1595. Faịlụ:Agostino_Carracci_-_Hairy_Harry,_Mad_Peter_and_Tiny_Amon_-_WGA4398.jpg|Agostino Carracci. Hairy Harry, Mad Peter and Tiny Amon. 1598. Capodimonte </gallery> == Ihe Nketa == [[File:Gonsalvus_Doubloon.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|140x140px|1975 Devil Doubloon (Mardi Gras token) nke Petrus Gonsalvus, nke a na-akpọ "nwoke anụ ọhịa wolf".]] A kwenyere na alụmdi na nwunye dị n'etiti Petrus Gonsalvus na Lady Catherine nwere ike ịbụ otu n'ime ihe kpaliri akụkọ ifo Beauty and the Beast. == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031223030415/http://www.angelfire.com/ks/tepelus/wolfman.html Petrus Gonsalvus] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] hkztolmsh3gkv2iqczl69xp62ez3yys 3 77949 688057 2026-07-14T12:00:57Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 688057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=R. Henrik Nilsson|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 12:00, 14 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} b97ofxj94kqwdx08zl43hesptbhoryi 0 77950 688059 2026-07-14T12:49:19Z Nma jeni 19114 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330836693|Prince François, Count of Clermont]]" 688059 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Prince François Onye Orléans, Count nke Clermont''' (François Henri Louis Marie; 7 Febụwarị 1961 - 30 Disemba 2017) bụ nwa mbụ na onye nketa nke Orléanist na-achọ ocheeze France, Prince Henri, Count nke Paris, Duke nke France na Duchess Marie-Thérèse nke Württemberg. François bụ Dauphin nke France na Orléanist reccounting. <ref name="pdv">{{Cite journal|title=''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''|journal=[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]|year=2018|pages=30–39}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, nne ya bu ọrịa toxoplasmosis n'oge afọ ime ya nke abụọ na nke atọ, ihe mberede ahụ tupu a mụọ nwa mere ka Prince François na nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, Princess Blanche, nwee nkwarụ n'usoro mmepe.<ref name="pdv" /> Nne na nna ya bụ Henri, Count of Paris (nna nna) na Duchess Rosa of Württemberg (nne nne). == Oge ọ malitere == François dị ihe dị ka ọnwa abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, dị ka nna ya si kwuo (nke a na-akpọ Count of Clermont dị ka onye nketa Orléanist doro anya), tupu ezinụlọ ahụ aghọta na o nwere nkwarụ.<ref name="pdv">{{Cite journal|title=''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''|journal=[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]|year=2018|pages=30–39}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''". ''[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]'': <span class="nowrap">30–</span>39. 2018.</cite></ref> N'oge ọ bụ nwata, ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Haute-Savoie, ọ bụ ezie na nna ya na-apụkarị na ọrụ agha ma ọ bụ azụmahịa.<ref name="pdv" /> ''Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, nne na nna ya kewara, François wee nọrọ ụbọchị izu n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Beaumont-sur-Oise, site na mmalite afọ 1980, n'obodo L'Arche, na-esonyere nne ya na ụmụnne ya na Orléans estate dị na Dreux na ngwụcha izu, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-aga ezumike na nne nne nna ya na Chateau d'Eu, ebe ọ kụziiri ya ije ije mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ ma ọ bụ ise.''.<ref name="pdv" /> N'afọ 1981, nna nna ya, Count of Paris, kwupụtara na Clermont napụrụ ikike ọchịchị ya maka ịlụ di ọzọ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm gasịrị, kwupụtakwara n'ihu ọha na Prince John, nwanne François nke obere, ga-anọchi ya dị ka onye na-azọ ocheeze France, n'ihi enweghị ike nke ikpeazụ.<ref name="pdv">{{Cite journal|title=''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''|journal=[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]|year=2018|pages=30–39}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''". ''[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]'': <span class="nowrap">30–</span>39. 2018.</cite></ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Count mechara gbanwee obi ma kwupụta na Clermont weghachiri ikike ya dị ka nwa mbụ, mgbe Clermont nọchiri ya dị ka Count of Paris na 1999, ọ weghachiri François dị ka onye nketa ọzọ n'ihi na omume nna ya bụ ''ultra vires''.<ref name="pdv" /> O guzobere kansụl nke regency iji mee ihe n'aka ndị eze n'aha François, iji dị irè mgbe onye nọchiri François dị ka onye na-azọrọ.<ref name="pdv" /> Na 2016, Jean kwupụtara na nhọpụta nna ya maka kansụl regency adịghị mma, ebe ọ bụ na ọ ghọrọ onye nlekọta iwu nke nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, o kwere nkwa ịnọgide na-elekọta ya ma na-akpọkwa oku ka "a hapụ François n'udo ma ghara iji ya mee ihe".<ref name="pdv" /> == Ọnwụ == Na Disemba 31, 2017, Prince Jean kọrọ na François nwụrụ mgbe ọ dara ada n'ụbọchị gara aga.<ref name="pdv">{{Cite journal|title=''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''|journal=[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]|year=2018|pages=30–39}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"''Prince François d'Orléans: Il aurait dû être Dauphin de France''". ''[[:fr:Point de vue (magazine)|Point de Vue]]'': <span class="nowrap">30–</span>39. 2018.</cite></ref> Henri mechara mata Jean dị ka "Dauphin", nna na nwa nwoke na-amakụ n'ihu ọha na olili François na Chapelle royale de Dreux na 6 Jenụwarị 2018 na-esochi ozi olili ozu nke nne na nna ya, ụmụnne ya na ndị ọzọ so n'ezinụlọ, yana ndị na-achị achị na ndị a chụpụrụ. <ref name="pdv" /> == Ndị nna nna == <templatestyles src="Ahnentafel/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  * Philippe de Montjouvent, ''Le comte de Paris et sa descendance'', Du Chaney Eds, Paris, 1998,  . * Georges Poisson, ''Les Orléans, une famille en quête d'un trône'', Perrin, Paris, 1999  . * Henri d'Orléans, ''Ma Vie'', Tallandier, Paris, 2003. * Henri d'Orléans, ''À mes fils'', Albin Michel, Paris, 1990. {{S-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Orléans]]|7 February|1961|30 December|2017|[[House of Bourbon]]}} {{s-pre}} {{S-bef|before=[[Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019)|Henri ''(VII)'']]}} {{s-tul|title=[[Dauphin of France]]|years=19 June 1999 – 30 December 2017}} {{S-aft|row 2|after=[[Jean, Count of Paris |Jean ''(IV)'']]}} {{s-end}} 4pl53h8g5n1s7drmmkvrlsmjldrvju4 0 77951 688060 2026-07-14T12:57:46Z Nma jeni 19114 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291626126|Juchault family]]" 688060 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Ezinụlọ Juchault''' bụ ezinụlọ a ma ama na France, nke sitere na Brittany, nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama n'afọ 1583. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ezinụlọ Juchault, bụ́ ndị si Brittany, nwetara ọkwa onye ndụmọdụ na Chamber of Accounts of Nantes na 1583 ma nọgide na-enwe ndị isi na 1669. Ezinụlọ ahụ malitere usoro ọmụmụ ha site na René Juchault, onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ Eze, nke a chọtara n'afọ 1598. Ezinụlọ ahụ guzobere ọtụtụ alaka, nke naanị alaka Jamonières fọdụrụ. == Omume == * Michel Juchault de Blottereau (1544-1634), onye ndụmọdụ na Chamber of Accounts nke Brittany, alderman, na osote onye isi obodo nke Nantes. * [[Christophe Juchault]] (1591-1661), onye isi oche nke Chamber of Accounts nke Brittany na 1635, onye isi obodo Nantes site na 1642 ruo 1644. * Louis-Marie Juchault des Jamonières (1713-1772), osote onye isi na Estates of Brittany na 1764. * Louis-Marie Juchault, seigneur des Jamonières, (1769-1842), baron nke Alaeze Ukwu na 2 Jenụwarị 1814, baron nketa na 28 Jenụwarụ 1826, onye isi oche nke kọleji ntuli aka nke Nantes, onye isi obodo nke Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu, lụrụ na 1796 nwa nwanne ya, Marie Anne Juchault de La Moricière. * Christophe Louis Léon Juchault de Lamoricière, amụrụ na 5 Febụwarị 1806 na Nantes ma nwụọ na 11 September 1865 na Prouzel (Somme), ọchịagha, onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ, na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gọvanọ-ọchịchị nke Algeria, Minista nke Agha, na onye nnọchianya nke France na Russia. * Charles des Jamonières (amụrụ na 18 April 1902 na Le Cellier ma nwụọ na 16 Ọgọst 1970 na Saint-Herblain), onye a ma ama na asọmpi ịgba égbè egwuregwu, onye nwetara ọla nchara na 1936 Summer Olympics. <gallery> Faịlụ:Général_Lamoricière_-_Vernet.jpg|The general Christophe Louis Léon Juchault de Lamoricière (1806-1865). </gallery> == Ngwá Agha na Utu aha == Azure, a fess Ma ọ bụ ya na 3 escallops Argent. * Baron nke Alaeze Ukwu na 1814. * Baron nketa na 1826.<ref name="Saint-Simon" /> == Njikọ == Bidé de La Provôté, Fournier, [[Famille Rousseau de Saint-Aignan|Rousseau de Saint-Aignan]], [[Famille Robin|Robin]], de La Tullaye, Bouhier de La Vérie, du Bot, Jochaud du Plessix, du Chaffault, [[Famille de La Bourdonnaye|nke La Bourdonnaye]], de [[Famille de Sesmaisons|Sesmaisons]], Rousselot de Saint-Céran, Robineau de Bougon, de La Borde, [[Famille de Bascher|Bascher de Souché]], Siffait, de Maistre, Le Tourneulx, [[Maison de Dampierre|de Dampierre]] (Dampierre), de La Croix de Castries, [[Famille Cesbron|Cesbron-Lavau]]-Lavau, wdg. == Ihe onwunwe == * Château du Grand-Blottereau * [[Château des Jamonières]] * Obí Eze nke Clermont * [[Manoir de la Vignette|Obodo nke Vignette]] * [[Château de la Moricière]] * [[Manoir du Monceau|Manor du Monceau]] * Château du Chillon * [[Château de Prouzel|Obí Eze nke Prouzel]] * [[Château de Talhouët|Obí Ukwu nke Talhouët]] == Akwụkwọ == * [[Théodore Courtaux]], Histoire généalogique de la famille Juchault de Lamoricière et des Jamonières de ses alliances et des seigneuries qu'elle a possédée, Paris, 1896, 128 p.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Histoire généalogique de la Famille Juchault de La Moricière et des Jamonières|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5531420g.texteImage|work=Gallica|date=1896}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} pvmohuv3kwbospooinopcvlsd003f9h 0 77952 688063 2026-07-14T13:14:10Z Nma jeni 19114 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347307189|Robert, Count of Clermont]]" 688063 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Hatnote|"Robert of Clermont" redirects here. For the bishop of Clermont from 1195–1227, see [[Robert of Auvergne]].}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Robert nke Clermont''' (1256 - 7 Febụwarị 1317) bụ nwa eze France nke e mere Count of Clermont na 1268. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke isii na nke ikpeazụ nke Eze Louis IX (Saint Louis) <ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMiddleton2015">Middleton, John (1 June 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover ''World Monarchies and Dynasties'']. Routledge. p.&nbsp;118. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7|<bdi>978-1-317-45158-7</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> na Margaret nke Provence . <ref name="MedievalFrance">{{Cite book|chapter=Bourbon|title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia|editor=Kibler|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-8240-4444-4}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKiblerZinnHennemanEarp1995">Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A.; Henneman, John Bell Jr.; Earp, Lawrence, eds. (1995). "Bourbon". ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia''. New York: Garland Publishing. p.&nbsp;138. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8240-4444-4|<bdi>0-8240-4444-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ ná ndụ ya n'ihi mmerụ ahụ isi nke mere ka ọ nwee nkwarụ mgbe ọ dị obere, o nwere ọkwa dị mkpa dị ka onye guzobere Ụlọ Bourbon, <ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMiddleton2015">Middleton, John (1 June 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover ''World Monarchies and Dynasties'']. Routledge. p.&nbsp;118. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7|<bdi>978-1-317-45158-7</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> nke o nyere ikike nke ocheeze nke France site n'aka nna ya mgbe alaka nwoke niile sitere na ụmụnne ya ndị okenye nwụrụ na 1589, ọgbọ itoolu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Robert na 1256 dị ka nwa nwoke nke isii na nke ikpeazụ nke Eze Louis nke Itoolu nke France (Saint Louis) na Margaret nke Provence.<ref name="MedievalFrance">{{Cite book|chapter=Bourbon|title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia|editor=Kibler|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-8240-4444-4}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKiblerZinnHennemanEarp1995">Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A.; Henneman, John Bell Jr.; Earp, Lawrence, eds. (1995). "Bourbon". ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia''. New York: Garland Publishing. p.&nbsp;138. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8240-4444-4|<bdi>0-8240-4444-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Nna nna Robert, nke Louis IX họọrọ, bụ Humbert nke Rom, onye Dominican Master of the Order n'oge a mụrụ Robert.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Brett|first=Edward Tracy|title=Humbert of Romans: His Life and Views of Thirteenth-Century Society|publisher=Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-88844-067-9|year=1984}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye na ụmụ == N'afọ 1272, Robert lụrụ Beatrice nke Burgundy, onye nketa nke Bourbon <ref name="MedievalFrance">{{Cite book|chapter=Bourbon|title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia|editor=Kibler|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-8240-4444-4}}</ref> ma nwee nsogbu ndị a:<ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMiddleton2015">Middleton, John (1 June 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover ''World Monarchies and Dynasties'']. Routledge. p.&nbsp;118. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7|<bdi>978-1-317-45158-7</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> * Louis nke Mbụ, onye nzuzu (1279-1341), Duke mbụ nke Bourbon.<ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}</ref> * Blanche nke Clermont (1281-1304); lụrụ na 1303 na Paris Robert VII, Count of Auvergne na Boulogne, nne nne Joan nke Mbụ, Countess of Auvergn. * John nke Clermont (1283-1316), Baron nke Charolais; lụrụ c. 1309 Jeanne d'Argues, nwunye di ya nke Hugh, Count nke Soissons, ma nwee ụmụ. * Mary nke Clermont (1285-1372, Paris), Prioress nke Poissy * Peter nke Clermont (1287 - 1330), Archdeacon nke Paris * Margaret nke Clermont (1289-1309, Paris); lụrụ nke mbụ, na 1305, Raymond Berengar nke Andria, na nke abụọ, na 1308, John nke Mbụ, Marquis nke Namur. == Nsogbu ahụike == N'oge njem mbụ ya, na 1279, Robert merụrụ ahụ n'isi nke mere ka ọ ghara inwe nkwarụ ruo oge ndụ ya niile.<ref name="chivalry">{{Cite book|title=Chivalry|url=https://archive.org/details/chivalry00keen|author=Keen|first=Maurice|authorlink=Maurice Keen|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|year=1984|isbn=0-300-03360-5|chapter=The Rise of the Tournament|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chivalry00keen/page/87 87]}}</ref> == Ihe ndekọ e dere ede == A kpọtụrụ Robert aha na mmalite nke Coutumes de Beauvaisis nke Philippe de Beaumanoir. <ref name="Beauvaisis">{{Cite book|title=Coutumes de Beauvaisis|url=https://archive.org/details/CoutumesDeBeauvaisisvolume1|author=de Remi Beaumanoir|first=Philippe|authorlink=Philippe de Rémi (died 1296)|publisher=Alphonse Picard et Fils, Éditeurs|year=1899|chapter=Prologues|location=Paris|language=French|pages=[https://archive.org/details/CoutumesDeBeauvaisisvolume1/page/n63 2]}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == E liri ya na chọọchị a kwatuworo ugbu a nke Couvent des Jacobins na Paris.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Isabella of France: The Rebel Queen|first=Kathryn|author=Warner|publisher=Amberley Press|year=2016|location=The Hill, Stroud, Gloucester, UK|isbn=9781445647401}}</ref> == Ihe osise ndị e sere n'akụkọ ifo == Robert bụ onye na-akwado ya na Les Rois maudits (Ndị Eze A Kpọrọ Atụ), usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke French nke Maurice Druon dere. Alexandre Rignault sere ya na mmegharị obere usoro French nke 1972 nke usoro ihe nkiri ahụ, nakwa Ioan Siminie sere ya na mmegharị nke 2005.<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Robert of France}} * Osisi ezinụlọ Bourbon * Osisi ezinụlọ nke ndị eze France == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Bourbon]]||1256|7 February|1317|[[Capetian dynasty]]}} {{succession box|before=&mdash;|title=[[Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis]]|years=1268&ndash;1317|after=[[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon|Louis I]]}} {{s-end}} ku0nxonft6we4fobukou328vt2v4ufy 688195 688063 2026-07-15T06:52:54Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688195 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Hatnote|"Robert of Clermont" redirects here. For the bishop of Clermont from 1195–1227, see [[Robert of Auvergne]].}} [[Faịlụ:Robert of France2.jpg|thumb|Robert, Count nke Clermont ]] <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Robert nke Clermont''' (1256 - 7 Febụwarị 1317) bụ nwa eze France nke e mere Count of Clermont na 1268. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke isii na nke ikpeazụ nke Eze Louis IX (Saint Louis) <ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}</ref> na Margaret nke Provence . <ref name="MedievalFrance">{{Cite book|chapter=Bourbon|title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia|editor=Kibler|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-8240-4444-4}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ ná ndụ ya n'ihi mmerụ ahụ isi nke mere ka ọ nwee nkwarụ mgbe ọ dị obere, o nwere ọkwa dị mkpa dị ka onye guzobere Ụlọ Bourbon, <ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMiddleton2015">Middleton, John (1 June 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover ''World Monarchies and Dynasties'']. Routledge. p.&nbsp;118. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7|<bdi>978-1-317-45158-7</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> nke o nyere ikike nke ocheeze nke France site n'aka nna ya mgbe alaka nwoke niile sitere na ụmụnne ya ndị okenye nwụrụ na 1589, ọgbọ itoolu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Robert na 1256 dị ka nwa nwoke nke isii na nke ikpeazụ nke Eze Louis nke Itoolu nke France (Saint Louis) na Margaret nke Provence.<ref name="MedievalFrance">{{Cite book|chapter=Bourbon|title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia|editor=Kibler|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-8240-4444-4}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKiblerZinnHennemanEarp1995">Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A.; Henneman, John Bell Jr.; Earp, Lawrence, eds. (1995). "Bourbon". ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia''. New York: Garland Publishing. p.&nbsp;138. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8240-4444-4|<bdi>0-8240-4444-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Nna nna Robert, nke Louis IX họọrọ, bụ Humbert nke Rom, onye Dominican Master of the Order n'oge a mụrụ Robert.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Brett|first=Edward Tracy|title=Humbert of Romans: His Life and Views of Thirteenth-Century Society|publisher=Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-88844-067-9|year=1984}}</ref> == Alụmdi na nwunye na ụmụ == N'afọ 1272, Robert lụrụ Beatrice nke Burgundy, onye nketa nke Bourbon <ref name="MedievalFrance">{{Cite book|chapter=Bourbon|title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia|editor=Kibler|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-8240-4444-4}}</ref> ma nwee nsogbu ndị a:<ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMiddleton2015">Middleton, John (1 June 2015). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover ''World Monarchies and Dynasties'']. Routledge. p.&nbsp;118. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45158-7|<bdi>978-1-317-45158-7</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> * Louis nke Mbụ, onye nzuzu (1279-1341), Duke mbụ nke Bourbon.<ref name="wmad">{{Cite book|author=Middleton|first=John|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|publisher=Routledge|date=June 1, 2015|isbn=978-1-317-45158-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Monarchies_and_Dynasties/R63ACQAAQBAJ?hl=es-419&gbpv=1&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=March 2, 2026}}</ref> * Blanche nke Clermont (1281-1304); lụrụ na 1303 na Paris Robert VII, Count of Auvergne na Boulogne, nne nne Joan nke Mbụ, Countess of Auvergn. * John nke Clermont (1283-1316), Baron nke Charolais; lụrụ c. 1309 Jeanne d'Argues, nwunye di ya nke Hugh, Count nke Soissons, ma nwee ụmụ. * Mary nke Clermont (1285-1372, Paris), Prioress nke Poissy * Peter nke Clermont (1287 - 1330), Archdeacon nke Paris * Margaret nke Clermont (1289-1309, Paris); lụrụ nke mbụ, na 1305, Raymond Berengar nke Andria, na nke abụọ, na 1308, John nke Mbụ, Marquis nke Namur. == Nsogbu ahụike == N'oge njem mbụ ya, na 1279, Robert merụrụ ahụ n'isi nke mere ka ọ ghara inwe nkwarụ ruo oge ndụ ya niile.<ref name="chivalry">{{Cite book|title=Chivalry|url=https://archive.org/details/chivalry00keen|author=Keen|first=Maurice|authorlink=Maurice Keen|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|year=1984|isbn=0-300-03360-5|chapter=The Rise of the Tournament|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chivalry00keen/page/87 87]}}</ref> == Ihe ndekọ e dere ede == A kpọtụrụ Robert aha na mmalite nke Coutumes de Beauvaisis nke Philippe de Beaumanoir. <ref name="Beauvaisis">{{Cite book|title=Coutumes de Beauvaisis|url=https://archive.org/details/CoutumesDeBeauvaisisvolume1|author=de Remi Beaumanoir|first=Philippe|authorlink=Philippe de Rémi (died 1296)|publisher=Alphonse Picard et Fils, Éditeurs|year=1899|chapter=Prologues|location=Paris|language=French|pages=[https://archive.org/details/CoutumesDeBeauvaisisvolume1/page/n63 2]}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == E liri ya na chọọchị a kwatuworo ugbu a nke Couvent des Jacobins na Paris.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Isabella of France: The Rebel Queen|first=Kathryn|author=Warner|publisher=Amberley Press|year=2016|location=The Hill, Stroud, Gloucester, UK|isbn=9781445647401}}</ref> == Ihe osise ndị e sere n'akụkọ ifo == Robert bụ onye na-akwado ya na Les Rois maudits (Ndị Eze A Kpọrọ Atụ), usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke French nke Maurice Druon dere. Alexandre Rignault sere ya na mmegharị obere usoro French nke 1972 nke usoro ihe nkiri ahụ, nakwa Ioan Siminie sere ya na mmegharị nke 2005.<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Robert of France}} * Osisi ezinụlọ Bourbon * Osisi ezinụlọ nke ndị eze France == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Bourbon]]||1256|7 February|1317|[[Capetian dynasty]]}} {{succession box|before=&mdash;|title=[[Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis]]|years=1268&ndash;1317|after=[[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon|Louis I]]}} {{s-end}} lycxewznrwzulw7vmu4m736xyo7zamv 0 77953 688065 2026-07-14T13:26:30Z Nma jeni 19114 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358655625|Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse]]" 688065 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse''' (German: Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Georg Landgraf von Hessen, 25 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) bụ nwa eze German nke Ụlọ Hesse. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọ bụ nwa Prince Frederick William nke Hesse-Kassel na Princess Anna nke Prussia. Site na 1888 ruo 1925 ọ bụ Onye isi nke usoro ntuli aka nke House of Hesse, mana ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ya nye nwanne ya nwoke Prince Frederick Charles nke Hesse, na 16 Machị 1925. A mụrụ ya na nsogbu anya, nkwarụ a, tinyere alụmdi na nwunye ya nke na-adịghị mma, sokwa mee mkpebi ya ịhapụ di ya. Na 25 Maachị 1925, ọ lụrụ Baroness Gisela Stockhorner von Starheim (17 Jenụwarị 1884 – 22 June 1965), ada Otto, Baron Stockhorner von Starheim na Baroness Emilie Susanne Hildegard von Wolzogen-Neuhaus<ref name="Stockhorner" /> Ọ bụ nwanyị n'obí eze nke Grand Duchess Hilda nke Baden . == Nsọpụrụ == O natara iwu na ihe ịchọ mma ndị a:<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Ndị nna nna == <templatestyles src="Ahnentafel/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Hesse]]|1 May|1868|26 March|1945}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick William III of Hesse|Frederick William III]]}} {{s-ttl|14 October 1888 - 15 March 1925|title=[[Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel|Head of the House of Hesse]]|reason=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles]]}} {{s-pre}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick William III of Hesse|Frederick William III]]}} {{s-tul|14 October 1888 - 15 March 1925|title=[[Elector of Hesse]]|reason=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles]]}} {{end}}{{Princes and Landgraves of Hesse}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse}} lt0gksidxzgm39643y1k3fhj7rpn00l 688206 688065 2026-07-15T09:33:43Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688206 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Alexander Friedrich von Hessen.jpg|thumb|Alexander Frederick, Landgrave nke Hesse]] '''Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse''' (German: Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Georg Landgraf von Hessen, 25 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) bụ nwa eze German nke Ụlọ Hesse. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ọ bụ nwa Prince Frederick William nke Hesse-Kassel na Princess Anna nke Prussia. Site na 1888 ruo 1925 ọ bụ Onye isi nke usoro ntuli aka nke House of Hesse, mana ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ya nye nwanne ya nwoke Prince Frederick Charles nke Hesse, na 16 Machị 1925. A mụrụ ya na nsogbu anya, nkwarụ a, tinyere alụmdi na nwunye ya nke na-adịghị mma, sokwa mee mkpebi ya ịhapụ di ya. Na 25 Maachị 1925, ọ lụrụ Baroness Gisela Stockhorner von Starheim (17 Jenụwarị 1884 – 22 June 1965), ada Otto, Baron Stockhorner von Starheim na Baroness Emilie Susanne Hildegard von Wolzogen-Neuhaus<ref name="Stockhorner" /> Ọ bụ nwanyị n'obí eze nke Grand Duchess Hilda nke Baden . == Nsọpụrụ == O natara iwu na ihe ịchọ mma ndị a:<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Ndị nna nna == <templatestyles src="Ahnentafel/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Hesse]]|1 May|1868|26 March|1945}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick William III of Hesse|Frederick William III]]}} {{s-ttl|14 October 1888 - 15 March 1925|title=[[Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel|Head of the House of Hesse]]|reason=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles]]}} {{s-pre}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Frederick William III of Hesse|Frederick William III]]}} {{s-tul|14 October 1888 - 15 March 1925|title=[[Elector of Hesse]]|reason=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse|Frederick Charles]]}} {{end}}{{Princes and Landgraves of Hesse}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse}} sx9sdzy2bw156xkems89xvpm4v4bbnz 0 77954 688074 2026-07-14T14:08:11Z SafariScribe 18560 SafariScribe moved page [[The Slave Girl: a novel]] to [[The Slave Girl]]: Remove unnecessary parentheses/disambiguator 688074 wikitext text/x-wiki #KÚFÙ [[The Slave Girl]] bwbj8gd225ioxjmd86t18up2vr0yn5l 3 77955 688089 2026-07-14T16:50:21Z King ChristLike 13051 /* Quality translations */ nkeji ohúrù 688089 wikitext text/x-wiki == Quality translations == Daalu maka translations gi. But there are a lot of citation omissions. While translating, do well to proofread and be sure that there are no omissions or incorrectly translated words before finally publishing. And after publishing, go through the article again to verify the references and see if there are areas to improve or correct. To get started, take a look at all your translations [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche%3AContributions&target=Edozie_Ojekwe&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=1000 here], kindly add the omitted references from the enwiki page, and generally improve the articles to ensure that content integrity is maintained. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 14 Julaị 2026 (UTC) dtidupx30d333ch6y72bufagi2j5an8 688200 688089 2026-07-15T08:57:07Z Edozie Ojekwe 24584 /* Quality translations */ Zaghachi 688200 wikitext text/x-wiki == Quality translations == Daalu maka translations gi. But there are a lot of citation omissions. While translating, do well to proofread and be sure that there are no omissions or incorrectly translated words before finally publishing. And after publishing, go through the article again to verify the references and see if there are areas to improve or correct. To get started, take a look at all your translations [https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche%3AContributions&target=Edozie_Ojekwe&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=1000 here], kindly add the omitted references from the enwiki page, and generally improve the articles to ensure that content integrity is maintained. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 14 Julaị 2026 (UTC) :okay sir..I will improve on it [[Ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|Edozie Ojekwe]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Edozie Ojekwe|ṅkátá]]) 08:57, 15 Julaị 2026 (UTC) ow608zdoeqnxe7hyuqfymts5cycio5n 14 77956 688090 2026-07-14T16:52:55Z King ChristLike 13051 created 688090 wikitext text/x-wiki Peeji niile nwere njikọ faịlụ gbajírí agbaji 92zf0qa80s4sw2dgrrtgqpntwmxlzy0 0 77957 688091 2026-07-14T17:04:51Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Translated this article from English 688091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|British peer (born 1966)}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official portrait of Lord de Clifford crop 2.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2023 | honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] | name = The Lord de Clifford | birth_name = Miles Edward Southwell Russell | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|08|07|df=y}} | birth_place = | party = [[Crossbencher|Crossbench]] | office1 = Member of the [[House of Lords]] | status1 = [[Lord Temporal]] | term_label1 = [[Elected Hereditary Peer]] | term_start1 = 26 Septemba 2023 | term_end1 = 29 Eprel 2026 | 1blankname1 = [[By-elections to the House of Lords|By-election]] | 1namedata1 = 2023 | predecessor1 = [[Raymond Jolliffe, 5th Baron Hylton|The 5th Baron Hylton]] | successor1 = ''[[House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026|Seat abolished]]'' | education = | spouse = | children = | relatives = [[John Russell, 27th Baron de Clifford]] (nwanne nna nwoke)<br>[[Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford]] (nna nna) }} [[File:Arms of Clifford.svg|thumb|200px|Arms of de Clifford: ''Chequy or and azure, a fesse gules'']] '''Miles Edward Southwell Russell, 28th Baron de Clifford''' (amụrụ na 7 Ọgọst 1966) bụ onye Britain [[onye ọgbọ ihe nketa]], bụrụkwa onye bụbu onye otu [[Ụlọ Ndị Nna Ukwu]]. ==Ọrụ== Russell bụ onye na mbụ na-ahụ maka akaụntụ n'òtù ọrụ ugbo nke [[Deloitte|Deloitte Touche Accountants]],<ref name="vetpol">{{cite web |title=New President for VMG Open call for Junior Vice President announced |url=https://vetpol.co.uk/60221-new-president-for-vmg-open-call-for-junior-vice-president-announced |website=Vetpol |access-date=25 September 2023 |date=2 March 2023}}</ref> n'ịrụ ọrụ afọ atọ nke akaụntụ ọrụ ugbo n'oge ọzụzụ ya,<ref name="vettimes">{{cite web |title=Examination Room: Miles Russell |url=https://www.vettimes.co.uk/article/examination-room-miles-russell/ |website=Vet Times |access-date=25 September 2023 |date=6 July 2023}}</ref> tupu ọ gaa ijikwa ego nke ndị ahịa na azụmaahịa ime obodo na ụlọ ọrụ Chartered Surveyors nke dị na Cotswold.<ref name="VMG">{{cite web |title=Miles Russell - Finance Director |url=https://vetmg.com/vmg-resources/miles-russell-finance-director/ |website=VMG |access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ Onye njikwa ọrụ na George Veterinary Group nke dị na Wiltshire na Eprel 2008, ma sonye na Board of Directors nke Veterinary Management Group na 2016.<ref name="VMG" /> Ọ ghọrọ Onyeisi Ego maka Veterinary Management Group na 2019,<ref name="vetpol" /> a họpụtakwara ya onyeisi oche nke otu ahụ maka 2023–24 na ogbako ha kwa afọ, na [[Stratford-upon-Avon]].<ref name="VMG" /><ref name="vetpol" /> O mechara nweta [[Baron de Clifford|aha ezinụlọ ya]] na 2018, mgbe nwanne nna ya nwoke, [[John Russell, Baron de Clifford nke 27]] nwụrụ, a họpụtakwara ya n'Ụlọ Ndị Nna Ukwu na [[Crossbencher]] [[Ntuli aka maka Ụlọ Ndị Nna Ukwu |ntuli aka]] na Septemba 2023, na-ewere ọnọdụ nke [[Raymond Jolliffe, Baron Hylton nke 5|Raymond, Lord Hylton]], onye lara ezumike nká na mbido afọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crossbench hereditary peers’ by-election, September 2023: result |url=https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/lords-information-office/2023/hereditary-peers-by-election-result-palmer-hylton.pdf |website=Parliament.uk |access-date=25 September 2023 |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> Dịka nkwupụta ya si kwuo, o nwere ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọdịmma anụmanụ, mmepụta nri, na nchekwa, mmepe ndị ndu, na njikwa azụmaahịa.<ref name="parliament.uk">{{cite web |title=Notice with candidates list |url=https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/lords-information-office/2023/notice-with-candidates-list-palmer-hylton.pdf |website=[[Parliament.uk]] |access-date=25 September 2023 |date=4 September 2023}}</ref> ==Ndụ nkeonwe== De Clifford ekwuola na ya nwere [[dislexia]].<ref name="vettimes" /> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-par|uk}} {{s-bef|before=[[Raymond Jolliffe, 5th Baron Hylton|The Lord Hylton]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Elected hereditary peer]] to the [[House of Lords]]<br>'''''under the [[House of Lords Act 1999]]'''''|years=2023–2026}} {{s-non|reason=Position abolished<br>{{small|''under the [[House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026]]''}}}} {{s-reg|en}} {{s-bef|before=[[John Russell, 27th Baron de Clifford|John Edward Southwell Russell]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Baron de Clifford]]|years=2018–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:de Clifford, Miles Russell, 28th Baron}} [[Category:Living people]] 58zqn33g15b4541uoj20l3kpqtx2j0s 0 77958 688093 2026-07-14T17:24:41Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Translated this article from English 688093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye ọrụ nka Bekee (1966–2006)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox person | name = Jago Nicholas Aldo Eliot | other_names = | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1966|03|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Plymouth]], Devon, England | death_date = {{death date and age|2006|04|15|1966|03|24|df=y}} | death_place = Molenick, [[Cornwall]], England | death_cause = | known_for = | occupation = | title = [[Lord Eliot]] | term = | predecessor = | successor = | political_party = | boards = | spouse = Bianca Ciambriello | partner = | children = Albert Eliot<br />Ruby Eliot<br />Violet Eliot | relatives = ''Brothers:''<br />[[Louis Eliot]]<br />[[Francis Michael Eliot]] | website = | footnotes = | employer = | height = }} '''Jago Nicholas Aldo Eliot, Lord Eliot''' (Machị 24, 1966<ref>GRO Register of Births: JUN 1964 7A 849 PLYMOUTH – Jago Nicholas Eliot, mmn = Lampson</ref> – Eprel 15, 2006) bụ nwa nwoke nke [[Peregrine Eliot, Earl nke iri nke St Germans]], na [[Lady Jacquetta Eliot, Countess nke St Germans|Jacquetta Eliot, Countess nke St Germans (née Lampson)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1516353/Lord-Eliot.html|title=Lord Eliot|last=|first=|date=22 April 2006|website=|access-date=}}</ref> ==Akụkọ Ndụ== Na 1988, mgbe nna nna ya nwụrụ, a kpọrọ ya [[Baron Eliot|Onyenwe Eliot]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Millfield]].<ref name=GOB /> Eliot bụ onye mbụ ya na [[Eddie Izzard]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na Covent Garden dịka onye na-eme njem, o wee kwaga Brighton na ngwụcha afọ 1980 ebe ọ kwalitere ọtụtụ abalị na klọb ZAP, gụnyere Fundamental<ref>[http://archive.theargus.co.uk/2006/4/19/209941.html Tributes to the lord of all ravers<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226235624/http://archive.theargus.co.uk/2006/4/19/209941.html |date=26 February 2009 }}</ref> na Pow Wow. Ọ laghachiri na Cornwall n'etiti afọ 1990 wee hiwe [[Ememme Port Eliot|Mmemme Akwụkwọ Port Eliot]], mmemme kwa afọ nke a na-eme n'ogige ụlọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londonart.co.uk/editorial/article.aspx?c=2&articleid=1774 |title=Londonart.co.uk Magazine |publisher=www.londonart.co.uk |accessdate=15 December 2011}}</ref> Eliot rụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ dijitalụ na ihe okike, ma ọ bụ na Arts Council ma ọ bụ Port Eliot Literary Festival, na ọrụ London Arts. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, Eliot nwetara onyinye Artist Fellowship na Creative Technology site n'aka Hewlett-Packard, ọ nọkwa na-enyocha ihe ọkpụkpụ a na-anaghị ahụ anya na ụda 3D.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://x2.i-dat.org/~je/2005/audio/jago1.mp3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 November 2007 |archive-date=19 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119135517/http://x2.i-dat.org/~je/2005/audio/jago1.mp3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ọ malitekwara imepụta atụmatụ iji hụ na Port Eliot ga-anọgide na-abụ ụlọ nyocha omenala na-akpali akpali, iwuli elu n'akụkọ ifo nke [[Elephant Fayre]] ma nyere aka ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke Mmemme Akwụkwọ Port Eliot,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/jul/29/featuresreviews.guardianreview13 | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Diary: Jul 29 | date=29 July 2006}}</ref> site na mkparịta ụka ya na ndị enyi dịka [[Tom Hodgkinson]] nke magazin [[The Idler (1993)|the Idler]]. Mmasị o nwere maka nka mere ka o sonyekwa na A Foundation,<ref>[http://www.afoundation.org.uk/afoundation/index.php A Foundation | About<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103151342/http://www.afoundation.org.uk/afoundation/index.php |date=3 November 2007 }}</ref> site na ọrụ Literati ya na [https://i-dat.org/i-DAT] ya na A Conversation na Port Eliot na 2006. Nke a bụ nke mbụ n'usoro atụpụtara maka echiche ndị na-apụta ìhè na nka, sayensị na teknụzụ nke Jago Eliot haziri na [https://i-dat.org/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà na Teknụzụ Dijitalụ] na [[Mahadum Plymouth]]. Isiokwu maka ogbako a bụ 'nkà na enweghị ezi uche' na 'ebe ihe na-adịghị mkpa'. ==Alụmdi na nwunye na ụmụaka== Eliot lụrụ onye bụbu onye nlereanya Bianca Ciambriello. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ "di na nwunye" mbụ n'ogige "Lost Vagueness" na Mmemme Glastonbury<ref name=GOB /> tupu emume a ga-eme n'ụzọ dị mfe karịa na [[Port Eliot]], ebe obibi nke [[Earl nke St Germans|Eliot ezinụlọ]]. Agbamakwụkwọ ọzọ a pụtara na fim Julian Temple nke afọ 2006 bụ Glastonbury.<ref>[http://www.glastonburythemovie.com/ Glastonbury The Movie<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>GRO Register of Marriages: SEP 2002 368 1080 C17 ST GERMANS – Eliot = Ciambriello</ref> Ha mụrụ otu nwoke na otu ejima ụmụ nwanyị. ==Ọnwụ== Eliot nwụrụ n'abalị iri na ise nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2006.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1516011/Peers-surfing-son-who-lived-life-to-the-full-is-found-dead-in-bath-by-his-wife.html | location=London | work=The Telegraph| title=Peer's surfing son who 'lived life to the full' is found dead in bath by his wife | date=18 April 2006}}</ref> O kpebisiri ike na ọ ga-anwụ site na [[ọrịa epilepsy]],<ref name=GOB>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/may/01/guardianobituaries.mainsection |title=Obituary: Jago Eliot |work=The Guardian |accessdate=15 December 2011 |last=Williams|first=Heathcote |location=London |date=1 May 2006}}</ref> nke bidoro ya na 2004. ==Ntụaka== {{Reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== *[http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=141507&command=displayContent&sourceNode=201813&home=yes&more_nodeId1=201752&contentPK=14348031 Obituary in the] [[Western Morning News]] * [http://www.afoolisharrangement.com/Cure/interview.asp?InterviewID=252 Review of the Elephant Fayre, 1983] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eliot, Jago Eliot, Lord}} 7vnmqnrg7wnp3st4wnw9ia4k4ue9zgr 0 77959 688094 2026-07-14T17:32:11Z Chikwas 56003 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361902014|Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston]]" 688094 wikitext text/x-wiki  The '''Colin Mackenzie Low, Baron Low nke Dalston''', CBE (A mụrụ ya na ụbọchị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Septemba 1942) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain, ọkà mmụta iwu na onye ruburu na House of Lords. A mụrụ Low na Edinburgh ma ọ [[Enweghị ike ịhụ ụzọ|kpuru ìsì]] kemgbe afọ atọ ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ebe anakpọ ugbua New College Worcester, na The Queen's College, Oxford (BA) na Mahadum Cambridge (Diploma in Criminology). Low bụ onye nkuzi na ngalaba iwu na Mahadum Leeds site na 1968 ruo 1984 ma nwee kwaa ọkwa nyocha na Mahadum City London ruo 2000. Ọ na esote onye isi oche na RNIB na onye onyeisi oche gara aga. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke [[European Blind Union]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} European Blind Union|url=http://www.euroblind.org|accessdate=2025-10-04|work=www.euroblind.org}}</ref> (EBU) ruo afọ asatọ site na 2003. Ọ bụ onye otu Snowdon Trust, nke Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, guzobere, nke na-enye onyinye na agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nsogbu na-arụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our board|url=https://www.snowdontrust.org/about-us/our-board/|work=The Snowdon Trust|accessdate=27 January 2017|archivedate=1 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301060308/https://www.snowdontrust.org/about-us/our-board/}}</ref> Low bụ Onye isi oche nọcharụ na International Council for Education maka ndị nwere nsogbu anya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icevi.org/index.htm|work=ICEVI|accessdate=3 February 2018|title=ICEVI - International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204000546/http://icevi.org/index.htm|archivedate=4 February 2018}}</ref> E nyere Low ka ọ bụrụ Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) n'afọ 2000 New Year Honours maka ọrụ RNIB na ikike ndị nwere nkwarụ. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2006, e kere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọgbọ dị ka '''Baron Low nke Dalston''', nke Dalston na London Borough nke Hackney ma ọ nọruru ala dị ka crossbencher. N'afọ 2014, e nyere ya onyinye Liberty Human Rights 'Campaign of the Year Award'. Nkwupta ahụ na-agụ, sị: "maka ịrụzi mkpuchi ahụ iji hụ na nchebe nke Iwu Ihe Ndịa Ruuru Mmadụ ga-emetụta nlekọta obibi niile nke ndị ọchịchị obodo nyere ma ọ bụ hazie. Mmeri ya manyere Gọọmentị ịma mkpa ọ dị ịkwado nchebe ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ site n'igosi etu ikike ndị ahụ si dị mkpa maka mmadụ ncha. "E nyere Lord Low onyinye ahụ na mmemme Human Rights Awards kwa afọ na Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, na 1 Disemba 2014.{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d4fsvqpoze65d7e5jg0o8zg5xq6tgc4 0 77960 688098 2026-07-14T18:57:45Z Ceentia 24734 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358600974|Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland]]" 688098 wikitext text/x-wiki  <gallery class="center" widths="188" heights="210"> Faịlụ:Armoiries_du_Prince_Erik_de_Suède.svg|HụPrince Erik's coat of arms Faịlụ:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Erik_of_Sweden.svg|Prince Erik's monogram </gallery>Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (Erik Gustav Ludvig Albert; 20 Eprel 1889 - 20 Septemba 1918) bụ nwa eze Sweden na Norway. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ nke Eze Gustav V nke Sweden na Victoria nke Baden, a mara na ọ nwere nkwarụ. == Ndụ == [[Faịlụ:Prins_Erik,_Svenskt_porträttgalleri.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|221x221px|Prince Erik dị ka nwatakịrị]] Prince Erik nwere epilepsy na obere nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi. E bipụtabeghị kpọmkwem ọnọdụ ya, mana ọ nwere ike inwe mmerụ ahụ mgbe a mụrụ ya, ma ọ bụ ọgwụ siri ike nke nne ya nwụrụ tupu amụọ ya maka ọrịa oyi. Ọ na-enwe oke nchegbu, Victoria kpọrọ ya "nwa iru uju m hụrụ n'anya". A kọwara ya dị ka onye mara mma na onye nwere ahụike. Enweghị nkwarụ uche ya na mkparịta ụka dị mkpirikpi, mana ọ ga-apụta ìhè ma ọ bụrụ na mkparita ụka ahụ too ogologo . N'ihi ọnọdụ ya, a naghị ahụkarị ya n'ihu ọha ma na-ebi ndụ dị jụụ n'anya ọha na eze, dịka ndụ Prince John nke United Kingdom. Ebe ọ bu na ọ bụ onye ezinụlọ eze, ọ nọ na foto ndị eze niile, mana o nweghị ọrụ ọbula ọ nwere. N'agbata afọ 1907 na 1909, e wuru ya ebe obibi nke dipuru adipu ebe anya ọha na eze a agaghi eru na Djursholm, obodo ubi ọhụrụ dị n'ebe ugwu Stockholm. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwagaghi ebe ahụ, kama ọ gara biri na ụlọ ukwu Balingsholm manor Huddinge Municipality n'ebe ndịda Stockholm. Ọtụtụ ndị otu ahụ lekọtara Erik bụ ndị na-elekọta ya na ụmụnne ya mgbe ha bụ ụmụaka: onye na-elekọta ụlọ Louise Rinman, nke ụmụnne ya kpọrọ Vass, bụ onye na-azụlite ya na ụmụ nwanne ya mgbe ha dị obere, na Erik, ọ nọgidere na-orụ nlekota ahụ ruo na ọnwụ ya. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Jansson|first=Heribert|title=Drottning Victoria|year=1963|publisher=Hökerberg|location=Stockholm|language=sv|id={{LIBRIS|809879}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Kwa izu abụọ, a na-ekwe ka ọ gaa n'isi obodo, n'oge a na-ahụ ya mgbe ụfọdụ ka ọ na-eleta opera; ndị a bụ naanị oge a hụrụ ya n'ihu ọha ma e wezụga foto ndị ọrụ. == Ọnwụ == N'afọ 1917, o mere mkpesa na ọ ga-ebi n' ebe a na-anopu iche, e wee kpebie na ọ ga enwe ebe obibi ọhụrụ dị nso na Stockholm. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwụrụ n'afọ sochirinụ site na Ọrịa Spanish influenza na Drottningholm Palace. Nne na nna ya anọghị mgbe ọ nwụrụ nke, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme si kwuo, mere ka nna ya nwee nnukwu nwute n'afọ ndị sochirinụ. Nne ya, onye n'onwe ya nwere ahụike na-adịghị mma nọrọ okara afọ na Ịtali, nọ ná mba ọzọ n'oge ahụ.<ref name="SSADB1" /> Ebe obibi ya na Germaniavägen na Djursholm abụwo nke onwe kemgbe afọ 1960 na taa (2011) bụ ebe obibi nke onye nnọchi anya South Africa na Sweden. == Utu aha, nsọpụrụ na ngwá agha == === Nsọpụrụ === * [[Sweden-Norway]]: Knight na Commander nke Seraphim, 20 Eprel 1889 Knight nke Order of Charles XIII, 20 Epreli 1889 Commander Grand Cross of the Sword, 20 Eপ্ৰel 1889 Commander Great Cross of the Polar Star, 20 Eebụwarị 1889 Grand Cross of St. Olav, na Collar, 20 Ebla 1889 [2] Knight of the Norwegian Lion, 21 Jenụwarị 1904 [3] ** Knight na Commander nke Seraphim, ''20 Eprel 1889'' ** Knight nke Order of Charles XIII, ''20 Eprel 1889'' ** Commander Grand Cross of the Sword, ''20 Eprel 1889'' ** Commander Grand Cross nke Polar Star, ''20 Eprel 1889'' ** Grand Cross nke St. Olav, na Collar, ''20 Eprel 1889'' ** Knight nke ọdụm Norwegian, ''21 Jenụwarị 1904'' * : Knight of the Elephant, ''20 Nọvemba 1912''<ref>{{Cite book|author=Jørgen Pedersen|title=Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Syddansk Universitetsforlag|language=da|isbn=978-87-7674-434-2}}</ref> *  France: [[Legion of Honour|Grand Cross nke Legion of Honour]]<ref name="sveriges" /> * : <ref name="sveriges" /> Knight nke Black Eagle Grand Cross nke Red Eagle Baden: Knight nke House Order of Fidelity ** Onye Na-agba Agwọ Ojii ** Nnukwu obe nke Ugo Na-acha Uhie ** : Knight nke House Order of Fidelity [[House Order of Fidelity|Iwu Ụlọ nke Ikwesị ntụkwasị obi]] * 1889-1905: ''Eze Ukwu Erik nke Sweden na Norway, Duke nke Västmanland'' * 1905-1918: ''Eze Ukwu Erik nke Sweden, Duke nke Västmanland'' === Ngwá Agha ===   == Ndị nna nna == {{House of Bernadotte}} == Ihe odide == hzbexr3hxz41p15618ueddc6e6vidz2 0 77961 688105 2026-07-14T21:21:29Z SafariScribe 18560 Mbido 688105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2026 FIFA World Cup''' g79lbtmkoent6lrv5jcbznmn7bdt92c 10 77962 688142 2026-07-14T22:49:19Z SafariScribe 18560 redr 688142 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Templeeti:Sfn]] sw26x509bf1fk6704j4ud07sfc04sdq 0 77963 688152 2026-07-14T23:05:33Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Translated this article from English 688152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye Peer Britain na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri (1953–1995)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[His Grace]] | name = The Duke of Northumberland | honorific_suffix = | image = The 11th Duke of Northumberland Allan Warren.jpg | caption = Portrait by [[Allan Warren]] | birth_name = Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, Earl Percy | birth_date= {{birth date|df=yes|1953|07|1}} | birth_place =[[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]], London<ref name="court">{{cite news |title= Court Circular |work=[[The Times]] |date=2 July 1953 |page=8 }}</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1995|10|31|1953|07|1}} | death_place = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | predecessor = [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|The 10th Duke of Northumberland]] | other_titles = | successor = [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|The 12th Duke of Northumberland]] | party = | religion = | spouse = | issue = | parents = [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Elizabeth Diana Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott]] | signature = | website = }} '''Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland''' (1 Julaị 1953 - 31 Ọktoba 1995), edoziri ụdị '''Earl Percy''' ruo 1988, bụ onye ọgbọ Britain sitere na [[ezinụlọ Percy]]. A mụrụ ya na [[Ụlọ Syon]],<ref name="court"/> ebe obibi ducal dị na [[Brentford]], ọkpara na onye nketa nke [[Hugh Percy, Duke nke 10 nke Northumberland]], na nwunye ya, onye bụbu [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess nke Northumberland (1922–2012)|Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott]], ada nke [[Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, Duke nke 8 nke Buccleuch|Duke nke 8 nke Buccleuch]]. Ọ bụ [[nwa chi]] nke [[Elizabeth nke Abụọ | Eze Nwanyị Elizabeth nke Abụọ]]. Ndị nne na nna ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere nwanne nna ya nwoke [[Lord Richard Percy]], nwanne nne ya nwanyị [[Jane Scott, Duchess nke Buccleuch|Countess nke Dalkeith]], na [[Rowland Baring, Earl nke atọ nke Cromer|Countess nke Cromer]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Christening |work=[[The Times]] |date=26 October 1953 |page=10 }}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Eton College]] na [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. Mgbe ọ nọchiri ọchịchị eze mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'abalị iri na otu nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1988, a ma ya ama maka ịkụ ọtụtụ osisi na Syon House; maka ihe nkiri na-enweghị isi nke Duke mere n'ihu na n'azụ igwefoto ahụ; maka [[ịhụnanya (ịhụnanya)|mmekọrịta ịhụnanya]] ya na nne [[Naomi Campbell]], Valerie, na ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Amerịka [[Barbara Carrera]]; nakwa maka ịṅụ ọgwụ ike gabigara ókè na nke na-akpali akpali.<ref name="barber">{{cite news|last=Barber|first=Lynne|title=Gardener's question time|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2003/aug/03/features.magazine37|accessdate=4 October 2012|newspaper=The Observer|date=3 August 2003}}</ref> A chọpụtara na Percy nwere [[ọrịa ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala]].<ref name="Lisman">{{cite book | author1 = Lisman SR | author2 = Dougherty K | title = Chronic Fatigue Syndrome For Dummies | year = 2007 | publisher = [[John Wiley & Sons]] | isbn = 978-0-470-11772-9 | pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=GRe5TQFr2k8C&pg=PA297 297–302] }}</ref> Ọ lụghị nwunye, ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ na abụọ site na nkụda obi mgbe ọ ṅụsịrị ọgwụ amphetamine gabigara ókè.<ref name="barber"/><ref name=nyt>{{cite news|last=Mason|first=Christopher|title=The Versailles of the North|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/17/garden/17northumberland.html|accessdate=4 October 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 July 2008}}</ref> Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta [[Ralph Percy, Duke nke 12 nke Northumberland|Onyeisi Ralph Percy]] nọchiri ya n'ọkwa ọchịchị. ==Ntụaka== {{Reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{Commons category|Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland}} * {{IMDb name|id=0672912|name=Harry Percy}}<!-- this is indeed the page for the 11th Duke, he financed "Lost in Africa" and had a minor role in it --> {{S-start}} {{s-reg|gb}} {{succession box | before=[[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy]]| title=[[Duke of Northumberland]] | years=1988–1995| after=[[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph Percy]]}} {{S-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Northumberland, Henry Percy, 11th Duke of}} kwpyv8ss1z43vk7h184nhu5yik8wjg7 0 77964 688158 2026-07-14T23:39:12Z Goodymeraj 16207 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361280059|History of Wikipedia]]" 688158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia article graph|caption=The [[English Wikipedia|English edition of Wikipedia]] has grown to {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum, e nwekwara ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie cheta echiche inwe encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedic zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na Denis Diderot na ndị encyclopedists French nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa ígwè obibi akwụkwọ iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ Paul Otlet nke afọ 1934 bụ Traité de Documentation . Otlet guzobekwara Mundaneum, ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka H. G. Wells gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ World Brain (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "As We May Think" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ hypertext nke Ted Nelson Project Xanadu, nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2" /> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|a na-ekesa ozi ekesa n'ọtụtụ aka]] dị iche iche - na onye ọ bụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu - na n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ikike etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ maka ego ma nwee mmasị na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ dị n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ. Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na nchekwube teknụzụ nke gosipụtara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na nghọta. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ enyemaka ebe a ga na-esi enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, ọrụ mbụ o guzobere iji mepụta encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke Bomis bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell na Michael E. Davis nwere wepụtara n'efu.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'ụdị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tozuru etozu ga na-eji ya yana usoro nnyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị ndezi dị puku abụọ nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu iri na abụọ edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /> Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /><ref name="Glyn Moody" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia" /> Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,<ref name="Wikipedia-l-000671">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.<ref name="cadenhead">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref> Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPintscher,_Lydia2013">Pintscher, Lydia (February 13, 2013). </cite></ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|"List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)"]]. </cite></ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. </cite></ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5a3o64slj6g3hxa40xymuj9pa1yxmd7 688159 688158 2026-07-14T23:42:02Z Goodymeraj 16207 688159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia article graph|caption=The [[English Wikipedia|English edition of Wikipedia]] has grown to --- articles.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum, e nwekwara ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie cheta echiche inwe encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedic zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na Denis Diderot na ndị encyclopedists French nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa ígwè obibi akwụkwọ iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ Paul Otlet nke afọ 1934 bụ Traité de Documentation . Otlet guzobekwara Mundaneum, ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka H. G. Wells gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ World Brain (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "As We May Think" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ hypertext nke Ted Nelson Project Xanadu, nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2" /> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|a na-ekesa ozi ekesa n'ọtụtụ aka]] dị iche iche - na onye ọ bụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu - na n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ikike etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ maka ego ma nwee mmasị na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ dị n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ. Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na nchekwube teknụzụ nke gosipụtara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na nghọta. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ enyemaka ebe a ga na-esi enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, ọrụ mbụ o guzobere iji mepụta encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke Bomis bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell na Michael E. Davis nwere wepụtara n'efu.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'ụdị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tozuru etozu ga na-eji ya yana usoro nnyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị ndezi dị puku abụọ nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu iri na abụọ edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /> Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /><ref name="Glyn Moody" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia" /> Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,<ref name="Wikipedia-l-000671">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.<ref name="cadenhead">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref> Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPintscher,_Lydia2013">Pintscher, Lydia (February 13, 2013). </cite></ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|"List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)"]]. </cite></ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. </cite></ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 79bznkbvvgex2pjj7z8t74pfzco55kj 688160 688159 2026-07-14T23:42:30Z Goodymeraj 16207 Wepu mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/688159|688159]] nke [[Special:Contributions/Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[User talk:Goodymeraj|talk]]) 688160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia article graph|caption=The [[English Wikipedia|English edition of Wikipedia]] has grown to {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum, e nwekwara ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie cheta echiche inwe encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedic zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na Denis Diderot na ndị encyclopedists French nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa ígwè obibi akwụkwọ iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ Paul Otlet nke afọ 1934 bụ Traité de Documentation . Otlet guzobekwara Mundaneum, ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka H. G. Wells gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ World Brain (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "As We May Think" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ hypertext nke Ted Nelson Project Xanadu, nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2" /> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|a na-ekesa ozi ekesa n'ọtụtụ aka]] dị iche iche - na onye ọ bụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu - na n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ikike etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ maka ego ma nwee mmasị na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ dị n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ. Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na nchekwube teknụzụ nke gosipụtara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na nghọta. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ enyemaka ebe a ga na-esi enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, ọrụ mbụ o guzobere iji mepụta encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke Bomis bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell na Michael E. Davis nwere wepụtara n'efu.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'ụdị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tozuru etozu ga na-eji ya yana usoro nnyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị ndezi dị puku abụọ nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu iri na abụọ edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /> Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /><ref name="Glyn Moody" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia" /> Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,<ref name="Wikipedia-l-000671">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.<ref name="cadenhead">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref> Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPintscher,_Lydia2013">Pintscher, Lydia (February 13, 2013). </cite></ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|"List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)"]]. </cite></ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. </cite></ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5a3o64slj6g3hxa40xymuj9pa1yxmd7 688161 688160 2026-07-14T23:43:00Z Goodymeraj 16207 688161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum, e nwekwara ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie cheta echiche inwe encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedic zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na Denis Diderot na ndị encyclopedists French nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa ígwè obibi akwụkwọ iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ Paul Otlet nke afọ 1934 bụ Traité de Documentation . Otlet guzobekwara Mundaneum, ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka H. G. Wells gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ World Brain (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "As We May Think" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ hypertext nke Ted Nelson Project Xanadu, nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2" /> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|a na-ekesa ozi ekesa n'ọtụtụ aka]] dị iche iche - na onye ọ bụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu - na n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ikike etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ maka ego ma nwee mmasị na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ dị n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ. Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na nchekwube teknụzụ nke gosipụtara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na nghọta. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ enyemaka ebe a ga na-esi enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, ọrụ mbụ o guzobere iji mepụta encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke Bomis bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell na Michael E. Davis nwere wepụtara n'efu.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'ụdị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tozuru etozu ga na-eji ya yana usoro nnyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị ndezi dị puku abụọ nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu iri na abụọ edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /> Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz" /><ref name="Glyn Moody" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia" /> Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,<ref name="Wikipedia-l-000671">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.<ref name="cadenhead">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref> Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi === {{Wikimedia Foundation}} == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPintscher,_Lydia2013">Pintscher, Lydia (February 13, 2013). </cite></ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[m:List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|"List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)"]]. </cite></ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015 "comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015"]. </cite></ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>{{Wikimedia Foundation}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara === Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} === Onye nke Atọ === * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. {{Wikipedia}}{{Wikipedias}}{{Wikimedia Foundation}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] selil1nkgsr2pwkryzsowylcbx1ch7c 3 77965 688188 2026-07-15T06:00:47Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 688188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=CrossX54|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 15 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} mos7emqro1ljyf5vf7k2kcw7s6zc1nn 0 77966 688196 2026-07-15T06:53:53Z Chikwas 56003 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354848396|Dominic Hubbard, 6th Baron Addington]]" 688196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=[[The Right Honourable]]|name=The Lord Addington|honorific_suffix=|image=Official portrait of Lord Addington crop 2.jpg|image_size=|caption=Addington in 2018|office1=Member of the [[House of Lords]]<br>[[Lord Temporal]]|term_label1=[[Life peerage]]|term_start1=18 February 2026|term_end1=|term_label2=[[Elected hereditary peer]]|term_start2=11 November 1999|term_end2=29 April 2026|1blankname2=[[List of excepted hereditary peers|Election]]|1namedata2=[[1999 House of Lords elections|1999]]|predecessor2=''[[House of Lords Act 1999|Seat established]]''|successor2=''[[House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026|Seat abolished]]''|term_label3=[[Hereditary peerage]]|term_start3=17 June 1986|term_end3=11 November 1999|predecessor3=[[James Hubbard, 5th Baron Addington|The 5th Baron Addington]]|successor3=''[[House of Lords Act 1999|Seat abolished]]''|birth_date={{birth date and age|1963|8|24|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]]|spouse=Elizabeth Ann (''née'' Morris)|father=[[James Hubbard, 5th Baron Addington]]|mother=Alexandra Patricia Millar|children=Eleanor Eugenie|alma_mater=[[University of Aberdeen]]|occupation=Politician|profession=|signature=|website=|footnotes=}}Dominic Bryce Hubbard, 6th Baron Addington, Baron Hubbard (amụrụ na 24 August 1963), bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain, onye isi oche nke British Dyslexic Association, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about/president-and-vice-presidents|title=President and Vice Presidents|work=British Dyslexic Association|accessdate=24 August 2016|archivedate=21 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021151704/https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about/president-and-vice-presidents}}</ref> na osote onye isi oche ናይ UK Sports Association. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lord Addington|work=UK Parliament|url=https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/lord-addington/3453}}</ref> Onye otu Liberal Democrats, ọ bụ onye otu House of Lords site na 1986. Addington gụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Hewett School, Norwich, nke Norwich City College, tupu ọ gaa [[Master's degree|M.A.]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aberdeen University">Mahadum Aberdeen, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics {{!}} Alumni Relations|work=The University of Aberdeen|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/politics-158.php}}</ref> gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka MA na 1988. == Ọrụ == Ọ nọchiri '''Baron Addington''', nke Addington, Co. Buckingham, mgbe nna ya, James Hubbard, 5th Baron Addton, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye uwe ojii Britain South Afrịka, nwụrụ n'oge1982. Mgbe ọ banyere n'oche ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, ọ bụ nwatakịrị nta na-eje ozi n'ụlọ ndị isi. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's Who in the Liberal Democrats?|edition=5th|date=2006|publisher=PCA Books|isbn=1-85187-762-2}}</ref> Lord Addington lọtara dị ka otu n'ime ndị nnọchite anya iri itoolu a họpụtara na Nzukọ Ndị na emepụta iwu n'afọ 1999. Ọ na-anọdụ alaka na oche ndị Liberal Democrat na House of Lords ma bụrụ onye na-ekwu maka egwuregwu, ọ bụkwa onye otu agụmakwụkwọ na-ahụ maka mkpa agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche, ya onwe ya bụkwa onye dyslexic. Ọ bụ onye otu Liberal Democrat kachasị nọrọ ogologo oge na House of Lords. Ọ bụ onye isi nke otu egwuregwu rugby na bọlụ nke Commons na Lords, ọ gbaara bọlụ na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke ndị na emepe iwu site na 1995 ruo 2023. Mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum, Lord Addington gbara bọlụ maka mahadum ndị Scotland ma gbaa bọlụ rugby league maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dominic Addington|work=Liberal Democrats|url=https://www.libdems.org.uk/dominic_addington}}</ref> Dị ka akụkụ nke 2025 Political Peerages, ọ kere ya dị ka onye ọgbọ ndụ, dị ka '''Baron Hubbard''', nke Lambourne na Royal County nke Berkshire na ụbọchị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2026. N'afọ 1999, Addington lụrụ Elizabeth Ann Morris, otu nwa nwanyị nke Michael Morris, nke Duxbury Park, Chorley, Lancashire. Lord na Lady Addington bi na Lambourn, West Berkshire . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Addington, Baron (UK, 1887)|work=Cracroft's Peerage|url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/addington1887.htm}}</ref> Onye ga- anọchi anya echichi ahụ bụ nwanne ya nwoke nke ntakịrị, Hon. Michael Hubbard (onye nwunye ya Emmanuella née Ononye nwere nwa nwoke na-akpọ Oliver). == Ihe odide == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] i3jilmfumloolmtdze548mjm29sx5q8 0 77967 688209 2026-07-15T11:21:53Z Chijioke2010 62489 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360190065|Port Harcourt]]" 688209 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Harcourt</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="Nigerian Pidgin-language text">''Po-ta-kot / Pi-ta-kwa''</span>&nbsp;<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal"> (Nigerian Pidgin) </span> * <span title="Ikwere-language text">''Mgbatị''</span>&nbsp;<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal"> ([[Ikwerre language|Ikwere]]) </span> </div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Obodo Ukwu</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:158px;overflow:hidden">[[Faịlụ:Pitakwa.jpg|288x288px]]</div><div>Ụgbọelu ụgbọ mmiri Port Harcourt</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden">[[Faịlụ:The_umbrella_show_(8020627013).jpg|188x188px]]</div><div>Otu Mpaghara</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden">[[Faịlụ:The_Port_Harcourt_Tower.jpg|106x106px]]</div><div>Ụlọ Elu Port Harcourt</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden">[[Faịlụ:MG_Vowgas_Fabrication_Yard.jpg|172x172px]]</div><div>Trans Amadi</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden">[[Faịlụ:Port_Harcourt_-_State_Secretariat_building.jpg|112x112px]]</div><div>Ụlọ odeakwụkwọ steeti</div></div></div></div></div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" |<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css" /><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell">[[Faịlụ:Port_Harcourt_City_Coat_of_Arms.jpg|100x100px|Official seal of Port Harcourt]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Mkpịsị aka</div></div></div></div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Aha njirimara: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">PH-City, P.H. na Garden City <ref name="Williams">{{Cite book|title=Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide|first=Lizzie|author=Williams|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=9781841622392|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&pg=PA200}}</ref></div>  |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Faịlụ:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Port Harcourt is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:91.758%;left:38.72%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Port Harcourt]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Harcourt</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Map nke Naịjirịa na-egosi ebe Port Harcourt dị na Naịjirị.</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Nhazi: 4°49′27′′N 7°2′1′′E / 4.82417°N 7.03361°E / 4. 82417; 7.03363<indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:28}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Port_Harcourt&params=4_49_27_N_7_2_1_E_region:NG-RI_type:city(1005904) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°49′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°2′1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.82417°N 7.03361°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">4.82417; 7.03361</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Faịlụ:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Ora no na ime Naijiria|Ọnọdụ]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Ȯra Rivers|Osimiri]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |LGA (s) | class="infobox-data" |Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Harcourt<br />Ọchịchọ-Akpor |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntọala | class="infobox-data" |1912 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ntinye aka | class="infobox-data" |1913<ref name="rough guide" /> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A na-akpọ ya mgbe | class="infobox-data" |Lewis Vernon Harcourt |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gọọmentị<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ụdị&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Kansụl Onye isi obodo |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ahụ&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data agent" |Kansụl Obodo Port Harcourt |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Onye isi obodo&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Ezebunwo Ichemati |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Mpaghara <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Obodo Ukwu&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |369 km² (142 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ala&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |360 km² (140 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Mmiri&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |9 km² (3.5 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Obodo Ukwu&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |158 km² (61 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Metro&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |1,900 km² (730 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Ndị bi na ya (ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2006) [7][8]<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2006 ọnụ ọgụgụ) <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Obodo Ukwu&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |1,005,904 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Atụmatụ <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2019)</div>    </div> | class="infobox-data" |1,148,665 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |²,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi) &nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Obodo Ukwu&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |1,865,000 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'obodo ukwu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |11,800/km² (30,600/sq mi) &nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Metro&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |3,636,000 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị n'ime ala&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1,900/km² (5,000/sq mi) &nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aha ọjọọ | class="infobox-data" |Ndị na-ebu ụzọ |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |GDP (PPP, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịgide adịgide nke afọ 2015) <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Afọ&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |2023 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ngụkọta&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |ijeri $ 34.4 &nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Onye ọ bụla&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |$9,900 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Oge]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 (WAT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Postcode | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">500</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Koodu mpaghara | class="infobox-data" |02084 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọnọdụ ihu igwe | class="infobox-data" |[[Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ|Am]] |} [[Otú:Nigerian state capitals]] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] ehcbh69uw104gmw4way70qhud7b93ro 0 77968 688210 2026-07-15T11:22:05Z Senator Choko 13011 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296355963|Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid]]" 688210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid'''( Arabic أبو '''عبدالملك عبدالواحد المريني''' ) (nwụrụ n'afo 1339) (a makwaara dịka ''Abomelique'' ) bụ nwa nke onyeisi ndị agha Marinid nke obodo [[Morocco]], Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman . Ọ bụ ezie na anya ya efuola, Malik bụ onyeisi ndị agha nwere ikike ma jee ozi dị ka gọvanọ Algeciras na onyeisi ndị agha Marinids na Al Andalus . [ 1 ] O weghaara obodo Gibraltar na Castile n' ọnwa Juun afo 1333 ma sonyere na mkpọsa nna ya megide ndị nnupụisi na Alaeze Tlemcen n'afọ sochirinụ. Ndị agha Castilian gburu ya n'afo 1339 mgbe e ji mwakpo wakpo ya mgbe ọ na-alọta site na mwakpo megide obodo Jerez de la Frontera nke ndị obodo Castilian jidere. == Mmeri e weghaara Gibraltar == Ọrụ Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid na Al Andalus malitere n' afo 1332 mgbe onye ọhụrụ e chiri okpueze Abu al-Hasan zaghachiri arịrịọ sitere n'aka Muhammed nke Anọ, Nasrid Sultan nke Granada, maka enyemaka megide obodo Castile site na iziga nwa ya nwoke na ndị agha iji nyere ndị Granadans aka. N'afọ 1332, Abu Malik lekọtara njem nke ihe dị ka ndị ikom puku asaa(7,000) site na obodo Morocco gaa Algeciras. Ha gara n'obodo Gibraltar nke Castilian na-ejide n'ọnwa Febụwarị na-esote wee weghara ya na Siege nke Atọ nke Gibraltar, nke were ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnwa ise. Ndị agha Castilian n'okpuru Eze Alfonso nke Iri na Otu rutere n'azụ oge iji zọpụta ndị agha ahụ mana ha guzobere Nnọchibido nke Anọ nke Gibraltar n'etiti ọnwa Juun na ọnwa Ọgost n'afo 1333 na mgbalị iji weghachite ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Castilian meriri ndị agha Abu Malik, na-egbu ihe dị ka ndị ikom nari ise(500) n'oge mgbalị ndị Moors na-agaghị aga nke ọma iji wakpo ndị agha obodo Castilian na Sierra Carbonera n'ebe ugwu Gibraltar, ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla siri ike iji merie. Ndị obodo Castilians hapụrụ n'ihi nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụlọ na nsogbu nnweta, na-ahapụ ndị agha Abu Malik na-achịkwa obodo Gibraltar.[2] Abu Malik, onye na-akpọ onwe ya Eze nke obodo Ronda na Algeciras ugbu a, kwetara na ya na Alfonso ga-eme udo afọ anọ dịka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta udo nke kwụsịrị nnọchibido ahụ. Ọ bataghị n'ọrụ dịka Muhammed nke anọ, onye sokwa na nkwekọrịta ahụ, e gburu ya n'ụbọchị mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na ya site n'aka ndị isi abụọ nke Granadan na-atụ egwu na ọ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ọnye otu Kraịst.[3] Abu Malik maliteghachiri ibu agha megide Castile, site n'enyemaka nke Nasrid Sultan ọhụrụ, Yusuf I. O nwere ike ịghọ agha sara mbara nke nna Abu Malik bụ Abu al-Hasan kwadoro, mana a ghaghị ịhapụ ebumnuche ọ bụla ịgbasa mkpọsa ahụ mgbe alaeze Zayyanid nke Tlemcen (nke bụ akụkụ nke [[Algeria]] ugbu a) nupụụrụ ọchịchị obodo Morocco isi. Abu Malik, Hassan, Yusuf I na Alfonso XI ruru nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ n'afo 1334 ma kpọghachite Abu Malik na obodo Morocco iji nyere nna ya aka megide obodo Tlemcen.[4] == Mwakpo nke Castile na ọnwụ == Nkwekọrịta ahụ gwụrụ n' afo 1338, oge ndị Morocco kwụsịrị nnupụisi Tlemcen.[5] Abu Malik laghachiri n'isi obodo ya na Ronda tinyere ndị agha buru ibu - ma eleghị anya ihe ruru ndị agha ''Ịnyịnya'' puku ise(5,000) na ọtụtụ ndị agha ụkwụ - nke nna ya zigara na obodo Iberian Peninsula.[4] Alaeze Castile, Aragon na Portugal jikọtara ndị agha iji dozie egwu Moorish ma gbochie Strait of Gibraltar iji gbochie mmepe nke Marinid.[5] Alfonso nke iri na otu mere usoro chevauchées (mgbalị ndị a na-agba ịnyịnya) n'ime ala Marinid n'afo 1339, na-elekwasị anya na obodo Ronda, Antequera na Archidona. [6] Abu Malik zaghachiri site n'ịwakpo ala ndị Castilian, na-eduga mwakpo megide Medina-Sidonia tupu ọ nọchibido Jerez de la Frontera. Ndị agha ya wakporo ndị obodo Arcos de la Frontera na Lebrija. Ọ bụ ezie na ha enwetaghị nke ọ bụla n'ime obodo atọ ahụ, ndị Moors nwetara nnukwu ihe nkwata site na ime obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ha nọ n'ụzọ ha na-alaghachi n'ókèala nke ha, jupụtara na ihe ha kwatara, mgbe ndị agha obodo Castilian wakporo ha.[7] E gburu ndị agha Moor, na-efunahụ ihe dị ka ndị ikom puku ịrị (10,000) nwụrụ ma ọ bụ jide. E jidere Abu Malik n'enweghị ihe agha ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya ma zoo n'akụkụ iyi, na-eme ka ọ nwụọ. E gburu ya mgbe onye agha Castilian hụrụ ya ka ọ na-agagharị ma jiri ube gbaa ya.[6] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}} == Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite book|author=Agrait|first=Nicolás|editor=Rogers|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195334036}} * {{Cite book|author=Agrait|first=Nicolás|editor=Rogers|title=Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume X|year=2012|publisher=Boydell Press|chapter=The Battle of Salado (1340) Revisited|location=Woodbridge, UK|isbn=9781843837473}} * {{Cite book|author=Hills|first=George|title=Rock of Contention: A history of Gibraltar|publisher=Robert Hale & Company|year=1974|location=London|isbn=0-7091-4352-4}} * {{Cite book|author=Jackson|first=William G. F.|title=The Rock of the Gibraltarians|publisher=Associated University Presses|year=1986|location=Cranbury, NJ|isbn=0-8386-3237-8}} {{Marinid dynasty topics}} 7uy86idk2leq8oezidph10bqf31tbqu 0 77969 688211 2026-07-15T11:24:23Z Ani Chiemelie j 64027 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351718477|Patrice Bart-Williams]]" 688211 wikitext text/x-wiki   Patrice Babatunde Bart-Williams (amụrụ na ụbọchị 9 Julaị 1979), nke a na-akpọkarị '''Patrice''', bụ onye Germany na-abụ abụ reggae, na-ede abụ, ma bụrụkwa onye na-emepụta egwu. A mụrụ ya na Germany; nna ya bụ onye Sierra Leone, ebe nne ya bụ onye Germany. Patrice toro na-ege egwu nke Fela Kuti, Bob Marley, Champion Jack Dupree, Max Romeo, Buju Banton, yana egwu dancehall na hip hop. O malitere ide abụ nke ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ (12). A mụrụ Patrice n'otu ụbọchị nna nna ya sitere n'akụkụ nna ya nwụrụ. Nke a mere ka nna ya kpọọ ya aha etiti '''"Babatunde,"''' nke pụtara '''"nna alọghachila."''' Aha mbụ ya, '''Patrice''', sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke '''Patrice Lumumba'''. Nna Patrice, '''Gaston Bart-Williams''', bụ onye '''Sierra Leone Creole''' ma bụrụkwa onye nduzi ihe nkiri mbụ nke mba Sierra Leone. Ọ na-akwalite Patrice ka ọ na-ezute ma na-emekọrịta ihe na ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwu na-agafe Germany, nke kpaliri mmasị ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'ụdị egwu dị iche iche. Gaston nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ mmiri mgbe Patrice dị afọ iri na otu (11). Patrice malitere ịkpọ ụbọ akwara na ide egwu n'oge uto ya, mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. Ọ gara Schule Schloss Salem, ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi onwe onye na Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany nke a na-ewere dịka otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ kachasị mma na Europe. N'ịbụ onye egwu '''reggae''', omenala '''skate''', na egwu '''punk''' metụtara nke ukwuu, Patrice malitere ịgwakọta ụdị egwu na usoro egwu dị iche iche. Ọ hibere otu egwu '''Afro-beat/reggae''' a kpọrọ '''Bantu''', bụ nke mere ka ọ mata onye na-emepụta egwu '''Matthias Arfmann'''. Matthias mechara mepụta '''EP''' mbụ Patrice, nke a kpọrọ '''Lions''', nke e wepụtara n'afọ '''1999'''. N'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, Patrice so '''Lauryn Hill''' na-eme ihe ngosi egwu n'akụkụ Europe nke njem egwu ya a kpọrọ '''The Miseducation Tour'''. '''N'afọ 2003, Patrice so otu egwu reggae nke Germany a na-akpọ Silly Walks rụkọọ ọrụ, ma ha wepụtara ọrụ egwu a kpọrọ Silly Walks Meets Patrice.''' '''Mwepụta album na ọrụ egwu ya na-aga n'ihu, tinyere ụdị egwu ya nke na-esiri ike ịkọwa n'otu ụdị, ghọrọ ihe e ji amata Patrice n'egwu. Nke a nyere ya aka ịdọta ndị na-akwado egwu sitere n'ụdị mmasị dị iche iche, yana ndị na-enyocha ma na-akọwa egwu.''' '''Patrice nwetara ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya n'ime obodo ndị hụrụ ụdị egwu dị iche iche n'anya, ma mesịa bụrụ onye na-edu isi n'emume egwu kachasị ukwuu na Europe.Lions''' malitere ịdọta mmasị nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndekọ egwu (record labels), bụ ndị nwere mmasị n'ụdị egwu '''reggae''', '''soul''', na '''folk''' dị na EP ahụ. N'afọ '''2000''', '''Sony''' wepụtara album mbụ zuru ezu nke Patrice, nke a kpọrọ '''Ancient Spirits'''. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, e wepụtara album ọzọ ya, '''How Do You Call It''', nke nwere otu n'ime abụ ya a ma ama, '''"Sunshine."''' Ka ọ na-erule oge ahụ, Patrice amalitela imepụta egwu nke ya n'onwe ya <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2025)">tation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 98a5yu46d41vkubcaiwdtl0xrrzz1t1 688215 688211 2026-07-15T11:53:00Z Ani Chiemelie j 64027 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351718477|Patrice Bart-Williams]]" 688215 wikitext text/x-wiki   Patrice Babatunde Bart-Williams (amụrụ na ụbọchị 9 Julaị 1979), nke a na-akpọkarị '''Patrice''', bụ onye Germany na-abụ abụ reggae, na-ede abụ, ma bụrụkwa onye na-emepụta egwu. A mụrụ ya na Germany; nna ya bụ onye Sierra Leone, ebe nne ya bụ onye Germany. Patrice toro na-ege egwu nke Fela Kuti, Bob Marley, Champion Jack Dupree, Max Romeo, Buju Banton, yana egwu dancehall na hip hop. O malitere ide abụ nke ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ (12). A mụrụ Patrice n'otu ụbọchị nna nna ya sitere n'akụkụ nna ya nwụrụ. Nke a mere ka nna ya kpọọ ya aha etiti '''"Babatunde,"''' nke pụtara '''"nna alọghachila."''' Aha mbụ ya, '''Patrice''', sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke '''Patrice Lumumba'''. Nna Patrice, '''Gaston Bart-Williams''', bụ onye '''Sierra Leone Creole''' ma bụrụkwa onye nduzi ihe nkiri mbụ nke mba Sierra Leone. Ọ na-akwalite Patrice ka ọ na-ezute ma na-emekọrịta ihe na ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwu na-agafe Germany, nke kpaliri mmasị ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'ụdị egwu dị iche iche. Gaston nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ mmiri mgbe Patrice dị afọ iri na otu (11). Patrice malitere ịkpọ ụbọ akwara na ide egwu n'oge uto ya, mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. Ọ gara Schule Schloss Salem, ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi onwe onye na Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany nke a na-ewere dịka otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ kachasị mma na Europe. N'ịbụ onye egwu '''reggae''', omenala '''skate''', na egwu '''punk''' metụtara nke ukwuu, Patrice malitere ịgwakọta ụdị egwu na usoro egwu dị iche iche. Ọ hibere otu egwu '''Afro-beat/reggae''' a kpọrọ '''Bantu''', bụ nke mere ka ọ mata onye na-emepụta egwu '''Matthias Arfmann'''. Matthias mechara mepụta '''EP''' mbụ Patrice, nke a kpọrọ '''Lions''', nke e wepụtara n'afọ '''1999'''. N'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, Patrice so '''Lauryn Hill''' na-eme ihe ngosi egwu n'akụkụ Europe nke njem egwu ya a kpọrọ '''The Miseducation Tour'''. '''N'afọ 2003, Patrice so otu egwu reggae nke Germany a na-akpọ Silly Walks rụkọọ ọrụ, ma ha wepụtara ọrụ egwu a kpọrọ Silly Walks Meets Patrice.''' '''Mwepụta album na ọrụ egwu ya na-aga n'ihu, tinyere ụdị egwu ya nke na-esiri ike ịkọwa n'otu ụdị, ghọrọ ihe e ji amata Patrice n'egwu. Nke a nyere ya aka ịdọta ndị na-akwado egwu sitere n'ụdị mmasị dị iche iche, yana ndị na-enyocha ma na-akọwa egwu.''' '''Patrice nwetara ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya n'ime obodo ndị hụrụ ụdị egwu dị iche iche n'anya, ma mesịa bụrụ onye na-edu isi n'emume egwu kachasị ukwuu na Europe.Lions''' malitere ịdọta mmasị nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndekọ egwu (record labels), bụ ndị nwere mmasị n'ụdị egwu '''reggae''', '''soul''', na '''folk''' dị na EP ahụ. N'afọ '''2000''', '''Sony''' wepụtara album mbụ zuru ezu nke Patrice, nke a kpọrọ '''Ancient Spirits'''. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, e wepụtara album ọzọ ya, '''How Do You Call It''', nke nwere otu n'ime abụ ya a ma ama, '''"Sunshine."''' N'afọ '''2003''', Patrice rụkọrọ ọrụ na otu egwu '''reggae''' nke Germany a na-akpọ '''Silly Walks''', ma ha wepụtara ọrụ egwu a kpọrọ '''''Silly Walks Meets Patrice'''''. Mwepụta album na ọrụ egwu ya na-aga n'ihu, yana nchịkọta egwu ya nke na-enweghị ike ịkọwa n'otu ụdị egwu, ghọrọ ihe e ji amata Patrice n'ụwa egwu. Nke a nyere ya aka ịdọta ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado egwu na ndị na-enyocha egwu sitere n'ọnọdụ na mmasị dị iche iche. Ọ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya n'ime obodo ndị hụrụ ụdị egwu dị iche iche n'anya, ma mesịa bụrụ onye isi na-eme ihe ngosi n'emume egwu kachasị ukwuu na EuropeKa ọ na-erule oge ahụ, Patrice amalitela imepụta egwu nke ya n'onwe ya <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2025)">tation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] rc3iqt6i9n0b2m5k21vjxgos3njkh6n 0 77970 688213 2026-07-15T11:40:42Z Senator Choko 13011 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361922190|Federico Ubaldo della Rovere]]" 688213 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox royalty}} '''Federico Ubaldo della Rovere''' (amụrụ na 16 Mee 1605 - ọ nwụrụ na 28 Juun afo 1623) bụ Duke nke obodo Urbino site n'afo 1621 ruo n'afo 1623. Ọ bụ nna Vittoria della Rovere, Grand Duchess nke Tuscany. == Akụkọ ndụ == [[Faịlụ:Federico_Ubaldo_della_Rovere_vestito_da_cacciatore1.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọ dị afọ 5, ihe dị ka ]] A gbara nna ya Francesco Maria II della Rovere ume ka ọ lụọ di ọzọ mgbe nwunye mbụ ya nwụsịrị n'afo 1598, alụmdi na nwunye ahụ enweghị ndị nketa. N'afọ 1599, ọ lụrụ nwa nwanne ya Livia della Rovere, nwa nwa Giulio della Rovere. Federico Ubaldo bụ nwa nke alụmdi na nwunye ahụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ nọchiri Duchy nke Urbino na 3 Nọvemba n'afo 1621. N'otu afọ a, iji mepụta onye nketa n'onwe ya, ọ lụrụ Claudia de 'Medici, nwa nwanyị nke Ferdinando I de 'Medic, Grand Duke nke Tuscany na Christina nke Lorraine. N'afọ sochirinụ, Claudia mụrụ nwa nwanyị Vittoria della Rovere. Ọ ga-anọ n'òtù ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akwado kemgbe Francesco Maria nke Mbụ della Rovere . Na 1623, Federico nwụrụ na Urbino. O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ nsí kpatara ya, mana nsonaazụ nyocha ozu na-ekwu na ọ nwụrụ site na ọrịa epileptic . E mere olili ozu ahụ na Sọnde na-esote, 2 Julaị, ndị ụkọchukwu niile sokwa ya. Ndị otu ahụ na ndị isi mmadu otu nari na ịrị abuọ na ise(125), niile yi uwe iru újú, jiri ọkụ n'aka ha, ngagharị olili ozu ahụ gafere n'obodo ahụ, n'ihu ndị niile bi n'obodo Urbino. Nna ya kpebiri ikwe ka e tinye steeti ya n'ime Steeti Papal . Na 1626, Claudia de' Medici lụrụ Leopold V, Archduke nke Austria . <ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Permanent places for festivals at the Habsburg court in Innsbruck: the 'comedy houses' of 1628 and 1654|first=Veronika|author=Sandbichler|pages=258|title=Architectures of Festival in Early Modern Europe: Fashioning and Re-fashioning Urban and Courtly Space|editor=Mulryne|publisher=Routledge|year=2017}}</ref> Ada ha lụrụ Grand Duke nke Tuscany n'afo 1633 mana agbụrụ ya nwụrụ n'afo 1743. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ihe si na ya pụta == # Vittoria della Rovere (7 Febụwarị 1622 - 5 Machị 1694) lụrụ Ferdinando II de 'Medici, Grand Duke nke Tuscany ma nwee ụmụ. == Ebe e si nweta ya == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} ; Akwụkwọ * {{Cite book|author=Verstegen|first=Ian F.|title=Patronage and Dynasty: The Rise of the della Rovere in Renaissance Italy|date=22 February 2007|publisher=[[Penn State University Press]]|isbn=9780271091105|edition=eBook}} {{Authority control}} r8sgzdfyrm0ktwo1apmsdbt4xf99caw 0 77971 688214 2026-07-15T11:51:01Z Chijioke2010 62489 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363707161|Omoku]]" 688214 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Omoku</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">obodo</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Aha njirimara: Oil City 3&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Obodo Mmanụ 3</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Faịlụ:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Omoku is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:86.58%;left:35.815%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Omoku]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Omoku</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Ebe Omoku dị na Naịjirịa</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Nhazi: 5°20′31′′N 6°39′22′′E / 5.342°N 6.656°E / 5.642; 6.656<indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:8}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Omoku&params=5.342_N_6.656_E_region:NG_type:city(320000) <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°20′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°39′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.342°N 6.656°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">5.342; 6.656</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọnọdụ | class="infobox-data" |[[Ȯra Rivers|Steeti Osimiri]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mpaghara Gọọmentị Obodo | class="infobox-data" |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gọọmentị<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Gọvanọ&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Siminalayi Fubara]] [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Mpaghara<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |5² km2 (20 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ala&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |5² km2 (20 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Ndị bi na ya <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2012)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |320,000 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |  | class="infobox-data" |e mere atụmatụ |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Oge]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 (CET/WAT) |} '''Omoku''' bụ otu obodo mepere emepe dị na Rivers Steeti, na mba Nigeria, nke nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ puku narị atọ na iri abụọ (320,000). Ọ dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke steeti ahụ, nso n'ókè ya na Delta Steeti nakwa Imo Steeti. Ọ bụ ya bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ ọchịchị ime obodo nke Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni (Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area) ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime obodo ndị kacha pụta ìhè nke ndị Ogba nakwa na Rivers Steeti. Ọ bụkwa ebe obibi na oche eze nke '''Oba of Ogba land''', ma bụrụkwa ebe ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji agụmakwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti (Federal College of Education (Technical)) dị. Ndị nwe ala a na-asụ asụsụ '''Ogba''', nke dị n'okpuru ezinụlọ asụsụ Igboid. Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ gụnyere '''Shell Petroleum Development Company''', '''Total Energies''', nakwa '''Nigerian Agip Oil Company'''. Emepụtakwuru akụrụngwa obodo ahụ nke ọma site n'ịrụ okporo ụzọ awara awara (dual carriageway), ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik, nakwa ụlọ akụ dị iche iche. Enwere emume abụọ nke ndị Omoku na-eme nke a na-akpọ '''NCHAKA''' na '''OKUROSO''' (emume mmanwụ); a na-eme emume Nchaka n'ọgwụgwụ ọnwa Nọvemba ma ọ bụ ná mmalite ọnwa Disemba, ebe a na-eme Okuroso n'agbata ọnwa Jenụwarị na Febụwarị kwa afọ. Emume omenala ndị ọzọ a na-eme na Omoku gụnyere '''Igba-Ogwe''', '''Ebiam''', '''Egwi-Iji Onube''', nakwa '''Egwu-Ohali'''. [[Faịlụ:A_statue_in_Omoku.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Ihe akpụrụ akpụ dị na Omoku]] == Egwuregwu == '''Go Round F.C.''' bụ otu egwuregwu bọọlụ nke gbara na ngalaba kacha elu na Naịjirịa (Nigerian Premier League) malite n'afọ 2018. Ọ bụ otu egwuregwu bọọlụ dabere na Omoku, Rivers Steeti, na mba Naịjirịa. Ha na-agba egwuregwu obodo ha (home games) n'ámá egwuregwu '''Krisdera Hotel Stadium'''. Onye nwe otu egwuregwu a bụ '''Felix A. Obuah''', onye na-azụ ha n'egwuregwu (coach) bụkwa '''Ngozi Elechi'''. == Mmụta == '''Omoku''' bụ ebe obibi maka ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche (ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, sekọndrị, na nke mahadum/kọleji). === Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị === ** '''Fantastic International Academy''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Fantastic International Academy) ** '''Church Of God Seventh Day Academy''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Church Of God Seventh Day Academy) ** '''Kings and Queens Schools''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Kings and Queens) ** '''Ogba Comprehensive High School''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ogba Comprehensive High School) ** '''BOLYM Wisdom Academy International, Omoku''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ BOLYM Wisdom Academy International, dị na Omoku) ** '''Immaculate Comprehensive School''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Immaculate Comprehensive School) ** '''Community Girls Secondary School Omoku''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sekọndrị Ndị Nwanyị nke Obodo, Omoku) ** '''Santa Maria High School Omoku''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Santa Maria High School, Omoku) ** '''Gifted-Chosen Model School Omoku''' (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Gifted-Chosen Model School, Omoku) === Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Agụmakwụkwọ Kasị Elu === * Kọleji Federal Nke Agụmakwụkwọ (Teknikal) == Ndị a ma ama == Ụfọdụ ndị ama ama n'Omoku gụnyere, Late Prọf. Claude Ake, onye lụsoro ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Niger Delta ya na onye nwụrụ anwụ bụ Ken Saro-Wiwa. Ọ bụ onye na-adịghị agbagha agbagha n'ịkatọ ihe ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nrụrụ aka na Naịjirịa nakwa n'ofe Afrịka niile. O kwenyere na a pụrụ iji ike dị n'Afrịka mee ihe dị mma. rọf. Blessing Esuru Ahiauzu bụ prọfesọ na-ahụ maka ọmụmụ "Library Studies" na Rivers State University, nakwa nwanyị mbụ nwetara ọkwa Chịf n'ala Ogbaland. Dịka onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na onye Kraịst, o kwenyere n'iji asụsụ Ogba kwalite nkwado, ịdị n'otu, na ọganihu. Ọ bụkwa nne onye na-abụ abụ na onye egwu a ma ama bụ Ric Hassani, nakwa nwunye gbara mkpe nke nwụrụ anwụ bụ Okechukwu Ahiauzu. Ọ rụgoro ọrụ mbụ dịka onye nọchitere anya osote onye isi (acting VC) na Rivers State University, nakwa onye isi ọbá akwụkwọ (University Librarian) nke mahadum ahụ. == Ihe omume == Ndị Ọgba ka a ma ama n'ụzọ bụ isi maka ịkụ azụ na ọrụ ugbo. == Okpukpe == Ndị Ọgba na-abakarị n'otu ụka "Seventh Day Adventist". Tupu nzukọ ndị ọzọ nke okpukpe Kraịst abata, ha bụ ndị mbụ nabatara nzukọ "Seventh Day Adventist". Ya mere, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ puku ndị obodo gụrụ mmadụ puku atọ (3,000) si n'akụkụ ahụ bụ ndị otu ụka "Seventh Day Adventist". == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe == Omoku nwere ihu igwe na-adị otu a n'afọ niile, ebe oge udu mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-enwekwa igwe ojii, nakwa oge ọkọchị nke na-akachasị ekpo ọkụ ma nwee igwe ojii n'ozuzu ya. Nkezi okpomọkụ n'afọ na-agbanwe n'agbata Celsius iri abụọ na otu ($21\text{ }\degree\text{C}$ / $69\text{ }\degree\text{F}$) na Celsius iri atọ na otu ($31\text{ }\degree\text{C}$ / $88\text{ }\degree\text{F}$); ọ naghị adịkarị ala karịa Celsius iri na isii ($16\text{ }\degree\text{C}$ / $61\text{ }\degree\text{F}$) ma ọ bụ gaa n'elu Celsius iri atọ na atọ ($33\text{ }\degree\text{C}$ / $91\text{ }\degree\text{F}$).<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061203025626/http://www.riversstatenigeria.net/index/120-Govt_Project_Pictures.php Foto Ọrụ Gọọmentị] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 5ktdauxe9wdbx83nrfc8nt37nibdgd0