Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9439 688468 632707 2026-07-20T00:21:29Z Omarius257 58674 /* */ 688468 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Sun taking Z's.JPG|thumb|mputa nyanwụ]] [[File:Solar System True Color IG.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Sistemụ Anyanwụ]] '''Anyanwụ''' bụ chi nwoke na aha nna a na-enye ndị agbụrụ ndị [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] na Naịjirịa. Anyanwụ bukwa aha enyere onye isi ''akari na usoro nke Okpokoro'' Octavia E. Butler . Anyanwụ bu aha akporo "Spirit face" (onye bu nwoke) nke Sunny Nwazue na Akata Witch na Akata Warrior nke [[Nnedi Okorafor]] dere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nnedi.com/books/akata.html|title=The Akata Books - Nnedi Okorafor|accessdate=2 April 2019|archivedate=2 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402073800/http://nnedi.com/books/akata.html}}</ref> == Kwuru == {{References}}{{Portal|Traditional African religion}} == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Anyanwụ''' bụ kpakpando dị n'etiti Usoro anyanwụ. Ọ bụ nnukwu bọọlụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke plasma, nkè a na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ mà na-ekpuchi site ná ike nkè nuklia na-emepụta ná ịsị yá. q0dnfj14225nmpzik84wib5fpzbbt9f 688470 688468 2026-07-20T00:24:30Z Omarius257 58674 /* */ 688470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Sun taking Z's.JPG|thumb|mputa nyanwụ]] '''Anyanwụ''' bụ chi nwoke na aha nna a na-enye ndị agbụrụ ndị [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] na Naịjirịa. Anyanwụ bukwa aha enyere onye isi ''akari na usoro nke Okpokoro'' Octavia E. Butler . Anyanwụ bu aha akporo "Spirit face" (onye bu nwoke) nke Sunny Nwazue na Akata Witch na Akata Warrior nke [[Nnedi Okorafor]] dere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nnedi.com/books/akata.html|title=The Akata Books - Nnedi Okorafor|accessdate=2 April 2019|archivedate=2 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402073800/http://nnedi.com/books/akata.html}}</ref> == Kwuru == {{References}}{{Portal|Traditional African religion}} == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Anyanwụ''' bụ kpakpando dị n'etiti Usoro anyanwụ. Ọ bụ nnukwu bọọlụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke plasma, nkè a na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ mà na-ekpuchi site ná ike nkè nuklia na-emepụta ná ịsị yá. 3s974samo3y9w5j17k99zre978ouq2e 688475 688470 2026-07-20T09:35:32Z Wmbata 61925 /* Anyanwụ bú kpakpando */ 688475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Sun taking Z's.JPG|thumb|mputa nyanwụ]] '''Anyanwụ''' bụ chi nwoke na aha nna a na-enye ndị agbụrụ ndị [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] na Naịjirịa. Anyanwụ bukwa aha enyere onye isi ''akari na usoro nke Okpokoro'' Octavia E. Butler . Anyanwụ bu aha akporo "Spirit face" (onye bu nwoke) nke Sunny Nwazue na Akata Witch na Akata Warrior nke [[Nnedi Okorafor]] dere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nnedi.com/books/akata.html|title=The Akata Books - Nnedi Okorafor|accessdate=2 April 2019|archivedate=2 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402073800/http://nnedi.com/books/akata.html}}</ref> == Kwuru == {{References}}{{Portal|Traditional African religion}} == Anyanwụ bú kpakpando == '''Anyanwụ''' bụ kpakpando dị n'etiti Usoro anyanwụ. Ọ bụ nnukwu bọọlụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke plasma, nkè a na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ mà na-ekpuchi site ná ike nkè nuklia na-emepụta ná ịsị yá. olhe1ol2fu50f86gybb1efvjlvol10c 3 24348 688504 688438 2026-07-20T10:23:53Z Celetex 13524 /* Request to participate on your upcoming event tagged "Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary" */ Zaghachi 688504 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka == {| style="background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Bronzewiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Onye ntụgharị Ukwu nke afọ 2022''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na <span class="plainlinks">[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]</span>. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri asaa'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 11:23, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC) |} == Request to participate on your upcoming event tagged "Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary" == hello, am a member of Igbo Wikimedia user group. i am a strong volunteer and have good knowledge in editing the Wikimedia space and. i want to request if i can participate on your upcoming event(Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary). i humbly awaits for your response. thanks. below is the sample of one that i did. https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/onye_nkw%E1%BB%A5 [[Ojiarụ:Aluta editor|Aluta editor]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Aluta editor|ṅkátá]]) 23:43, 18 Julaị 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for reaching out .As an active member of the Igbo Wikimedia User Group with good editing experience, you’re warmly welcome to participate in the event "Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary". [[Ojiarụ:Celetex|Celetex]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Celetex|ṅkátá]]) 10:23, 20 Julaị 2026 (UTC) 4wljx7f65ki9htfntl3p8g9gggi009w 688505 688504 2026-07-20T10:38:11Z Celetex 13524 /* Request to participate on your upcoming event tagged "Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary" */ Zaghachi 688505 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka == {| style="background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Bronzewiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''Onye ntụgharị Ukwu nke afọ 2022''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na <span class="plainlinks">[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]</span>. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri asaa'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 11:23, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC) |} == Request to participate on your upcoming event tagged "Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary" == hello, am a member of Igbo Wikimedia user group. i am a strong volunteer and have good knowledge in editing the Wikimedia space and. i want to request if i can participate on your upcoming event(Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary). i humbly awaits for your response. thanks. below is the sample of one that i did. https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/onye_nkw%E1%BB%A5 [[Ojiarụ:Aluta editor|Aluta editor]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Aluta editor|ṅkátá]]) 23:43, 18 Julaị 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for reaching out .As an active member of the Igbo Wikimedia User Group with good editing experience, you’re warmly welcome to participate in the event "Creating and Standardizing Dialectal Variations of Igbo Words on Igbo Wiktionary". [[Ojiarụ:Celetex|Celetex]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Celetex|ṅkátá]]) 10:23, 20 Julaị 2026 (UTC) ::Please share your Wikimedia username so we can add you to the list. Full details of what to do (date, time, and link) will be sent soon. ::We look forward to your contributions [[Ojiarụ:Celetex|Celetex]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Celetex|ṅkátá]]) 10:38, 20 Julaị 2026 (UTC) ev5pkajegieajlmb0xpodc3sxu91fu0 0 34671 688469 144705 2026-07-20T00:24:07Z Omarius257 58674 /* */ 688469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Planet_collage_to_scale.jpg|thumb| Mbara ala nke nke Sistemu na nha nha (ruo ala, aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri): Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune (mpaghara elu), dhaawac, Venus, Mars, na Mercury (ime mbara ala)]] [[Usòrò:Solar System True Color IG.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Sistemụ Anyanwụ]] mmetụta bụ nnukwu ahụ́ nke na-egosi mbara igwe nke na- ndị nwere ma ọ bụ ihe ike ya .  Ozizi kacha mma e nwere maka nguzobe mbara ala bụ echiche nebular, nke na-ekwu na ígwé ojii interstellar na-ada site na nebula iji jide protostar na-eto nke diski protoplanetary na-agba gburugburu.  Planets na-eto na diski a site n'iji nyere na-achịkọta ihe ndị ike ndọda na-achị, bụ́ usoro a na-akpọ ịgbakọ.  Usoro mbara igwe nwere ma ọ na-ahọpụta ala mbara ala: mbara ala ụwa Mercury, Venus, nwere, na Mars, na nnukwu mbara ala Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, na Neptune .  (Mgbe a na-etinye okwu ahụ bụ "planet" n'ụzọ sara mbara ala, mbara ala ndị na-arụ ọrụ ụka nwere ike ịpụta site n'ịkpọ ha "isi mbara ala").  mmetụta niile bụ́ isi nke Sistemụ na-ahụ Mercury nwere ikuku dị ukwuu, ụfọdụ na-ekekwa ihe ndị dị ka okpu ice, oge, ugwu mgbawa, ajọ ifufe, tectonics, na egwuregwu hydrology .  E nso Venus na Mars, mbara ala Sistemu akwụkwọ na- mbara oghere magnetik, na ụwa niile bụ isi ma e wezụga Venus na Mercury nwere satịlaịtị eke .  Nnukwu ala ndị ahụ nwere mgbanaka mbara ala, nke kacha pụta ìhè bụ nke Saturn . Ma Maris anya, okwu planet sitere na Grik planḗtai , nke ọma "ndị na-awaịgharị awagharị".  N'oge ochie, okwu a na-ezo aka Sun, ọnwa, na isi ihe ise nke ìhè a na-ahụ anya site na anya gba ɔtɔ nke na-agafe n'azụ akwụkwọ - ya bụ, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter  , na Saturn.  Planets enweela njikọ ndị n'okpuru ihe mere eme: ọtụtụ omenala na-mpụta ihe ndị na-adị na mbara igwe nwere chi, njikọ ndị a na ndị na-eso na-eme ifo na-aga n'ihu n'atụmatụ maka aha ngwá agha .  .  A akụkọ ụwa n'onwe ya dị ka mbara ala mgbe heliocentrism n'ịchiri geocentrism n'ime ncheta afọ nke 16 na 17. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pluto-planet-vote-status-definition-demotion|title=The definition of planet is still a sore point – especially among Pluto fans|date=24 August 2021|first=Lisa|author=Grossman|work=[[Science News]]}}</ref>Site na akara nke teliskop, ihe ihe mbara ala ala ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya na-ahụ: ụnwụ nke mbara ala ala ụwa;  ndị dike ice Uranus na Neptune;  Ceres na ozu ndị ọzọ mechara mata na ha bụ nke eriri asteroid;  na Pluto, bụ nke e ezi na ọ bụ onye kasị ukwuu n'ime mkpokọta ozu oyi a mara dị ka belt Kuiper .  Nchọpụta nke ihe ndị ọzọ buru ibu na eriri Kuiper,, Eris, kpalitere sababi otu esi achọpụta kpọmkwem mbara ala.  The International Astronomical Union (IAU) nakweere ọkọlọtọ nke anọ terrestrials na anọ Refeyim tozuo, na-etinye Ceres, Pluto, na Eris na udi nke dwarf planet, [1] [2] [3] ọ bụ ebe na ọtụtụ ndị na-agbaziri agbaziri.  na mbara ala gara n'ihu.  tinye okwu ụwa mbara n'ụzọ sara mbara ụzọ Ọganihu ndị ọzọ e nwere na mbara igwe dugara n'ịchọta ihe karịrị puku mbara ala puku ise n'èzí Sistemu Anyanwụ Ụwa, nke a na-akpọ exoplanets . Ndị a na-egosipụtakarị ihe ndị pụrụ iche nke mbara ala Sistemu Anyanwụ na-adịghị egosi, dị ka Jupita na-ekpo ọkụ— mbara ala ndị buru ibu na-agba gburugburu n’ebe kpakpando ndị mụrụ ha nọ, dị ka 51 Pegasi b —na n’ebe dị nnọọ elu, dị ka HD 20782 b . Nchọpụta nke dwarf aja aja na mbara ala ndị buru ibu karịa Jupita kpalikwara arụmụka banyere nkọwa ya, banyere ebe kpọmkwem a ga-esetịpụ akara n'etiti mbara ala na kpakpando. Achọtala ọtụtụ exoplanets na-agba gburugburu na mpaghara kpakpando ha, mana ụwa ka bụ naanị mbara ala a maara na-akwado ndụ . == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na etymology == [[Usòrò:1660_illustration_of_Claudius_Ptolemy's_geocentric_model_of_the_Universe.jpg|thumb| Ihe atụ 1660 nke ụdị geocentric nke Claudius Ptolemy]] Echiche nke mbara ala etolitela n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, site n'ìhè Chineke nke oge ochie ruo n'ihe ụwa nke oge sayensị. Echiche a agbasawanyela ịgụnye ụwa ọ bụghị naanị na Sistemu Anyanwụ, kama n'ọtụtụ sistemụ ndị ọzọ. Nkwekọrịta dị ka ihe dị ka mbara ala, n'adịghị ka ihe ndị ọzọ, agbanweela ọtụtụ ugboro. Ọ na mbụ gụnyere asteroids, ọnwa, na mbara ala dwarf dị ka Pluto, <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a Planet? {{!}} Planets|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/in-depth|accessdate=2 May 2022|work=NASA Solar System Exploration}}</ref> <ref name="asteroids">{{Cite web|author=Hilton|first=James L.|date=17 September 2001|url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php|title=When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets?|publisher=U.S. Naval Observatory|accessdate=8 April 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921162818/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php|archivedate=21 September 2007}}</ref> <ref name="metzger22">{{Cite journal|author=Metzger|first=Philip T.|date=2022|title=Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103521004206|journal=Icarus|volume=374|issue=|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768|accessdate=8 August 2022}}</ref> na a na-aga n'ihu na-enwe nghọtahie taa. <ref name="metzger22" /> k38g0j4s443z79ikikmo15qc5woiwgd 0 41965 688476 160057 2026-07-20T10:05:09Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Carrers de Singuerlín - abril 2018.jpg|thumb|Singuerlín]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gramenet.cat/index.php?id=4510&L=1|title=25 aniversario del Mercado del Singuerlín: Mercats municipals SC|accessdate=2011-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329235137/http://www.gramenet.cat/index.php?id=4510&L=1|archivedate=2012-03-29}}</ref>Singuerlín bụ agbata obi Santa Coloma de Gramenet, na mpaghara mepere emepe Barcelona ( Barcelonès, Catalonia, Spain ).  Ọ dị n'elu ugwu dị n'ụdị obodo ahụ, nke nwere ụlọ ndị nwere obere obere obere na ụlọ elu .  [1] ụgbọ, dị ka ọ dị na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na Santa Coloma, Singuerlín sitere na mkpọkpọ ụlọ ndị e wuru na 1910. Ndị mbụ na ya ga-ebu ụzọ ụzọ Kupọns n'ike Barcelona nke nyere ha ikike obere obere.  ala obodo mepere emepe, wee wuo ụlọ ha n'onwe ha.  [2] ahụ́ ahụ otu egwuregwu ịgba nke ya, CF Singuerlín, na ụlọ akara ngosi nke nwere otu aha ma meghere na 1974. == Ụgbọ njem == mgbaàmà 2009 ọ na-eje ozi site na Barcelona Metro ọdụ Singuerlín, na L9 (akara oroma). == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.cfsinguerlin.com/ Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke CF Singuerlín] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 3a8nztsuklxrjfflho898h1eppqg80u 0 48800 688442 444547 2026-07-19T12:50:30Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|name=Elijah Gates|honorific-suffix=|image=File:MO Treasurers - 14 Elijah Gates (1877-1881).jpg|imagesize=|smallimage=|caption=Elijah Gates|order=|office=[[State Treasurer of Missouri]]|term_start=1877|term_end=1881|birth_date={{birth date|1827|12|17|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Garrard County, Kentucky]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|1915|03|04|1827|12|17}}|death_place=[[St. Joseph, Missouri]], U.S.|nationality=American|party=|otherparty=<!--For additional political affiliations -->|spouse=Maria Stamper|partner=<!--For those with a domestic partner and not married -->|relations=|children=12|residence=[[St. Joseph, Missouri]]|alma_mater=|occupation=[[Sheriff#United States|Sheriff]], politician, [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshal]]|profession=[[Army officer]], farmer|signature=|website=|footnotes=|allegiance={{flag|Confederate States of America}}|branch={{army|CSA}}|serviceyears=1861–1865|rank=[[File:Confederate_States_of_America_Colonel.png|35px]] Colonel|commands=[[1st Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Confederate)|1st Missouri Cavalry Regiment]]<br />[[First Missouri Brigade|1st Missouri Brigade]]|battles=[[American Civil War]]<br>[[Battle of Pea Ridge]]<br>[[Siege of Corinth]]<br>[[Battle of Iuka]]<br>[[Second Battle of Corinth]]<br>[[Battle of Champion Hill]]<br>[[Battle of Big Black River Bridge|Battle of Big Black River]]<br>[[Siege of Vicksburg]]<br>[[Atlanta Campaign]]<br>[[Battle of Allatoona]]<br>[[Battle of Franklin (1864)|Battle of Franklin]]<br>[[Battle of Fort Blakeley]]}} '''Elijah Gates''' (December 17, 1827 &#x2D; March 4, 1915]) bu onye America n'eme ihe ndoro ndoro Ọchịchị na colonel na Confederate States Army N'oge ilu ogu nke America. == Mbido na ndụ onwe onye == Gates gafere Platte County, Missouri N'oge 1846, ufodu oge o na ano n'oru ubi ya di na Buchanan. N'afo 1852 o luru nwaanyi aha bu Maria Stamper, o were umu iri na abuo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726214106/http://www.kchistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2FLocal&CISOPTR=5524&CISOBOX=1&REC=14 Moving to Platte County, Missouri], in c. 1846: [[Kansas City Public Library]] website. Retrieved on February 19, 2008.</ref>.<ref name="missouristatetreasurer" /> == Ọrụ agha == Mgbe [[Agha Obodo America|Agha Obodo]] malitere na 1861, Gates debanyere aha na ndị agha Confederate, malite dị ka onyeisi na Missouri State Guard n'okpuru iwu nke General Sterling Price, ma mesịa bụrụ onye Colonel nke 1st Missouri Cavalry Regiment. Ọ duziri ndị agha ya na Agha nke Pea Ridge, Arkansas na Machị 1862, n'oge Siege of Corinth, Mississippi, na Agha of Iuka, Second Corinth, Champion Hill, Big Black River Bridge na Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Ọ chịkwara 1st Missouri Brigade ruo nwa oge. N'afọ 1864, Gates sonyere na Atlanta Campaign na Agha nke Allatoona, Georgia, ma tụfuo aka na Agha Franklin, Tennessee. N'oge ọ na-eje ozi, e merụrụ ya ahụ ugboro ise, Ndị agha Union jidere ya ugboro atọ, ma gbaa ịnyịnya anọ n'okpuru ya. N'April 9, 1865, n'otu ụbọchị ahụ Confederate General Robert E. Lee nyefere onwe ya n'aka Union General Ulysses S. Grant, Colonel Gates sonyere n'otu n'ime agha ikpeazụ nke Agha Obodo, Agha nke Fort Blakeley na Alabama.<ref name="missouristatetreasurer">[http://www.treasurer.mo.gov/content/about-the-office/1elijah-gates <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]: ''Missouri State Treasurer'' website. Retrieved on March 2, 2014.</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Gates laghachiri n'ugbo ya. N'afọ 1874, a họpụtara ya dị ka Sheriff nke Buchanan County, na-eje ozi n'ọkwa ahụ ruo 1877. Site na 1877 ruo 1881, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba steeti nke Missouri. Mgbe ọ gachara dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba steeti, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ala United States Marshal maka Western District of Missouri n'okpuru Onye isi ala Grover Cleveland, ma na-arụ ọrụ na mbufe na azụmaahịa bọs na St. Joseph, Missouri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 87. <ref name="missouristatetreasurer">[http://www.treasurer.mo.gov/content/about-the-office/1elijah-gates <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]: ''Missouri State Treasurer'' website. Retrieved on March 2, 2014.</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gates, Elijah}} [[Òtù:Living people]] [[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]] [[Òtù:WikiforMiniorities]] ryd4ja4kbbneijcmtynlmyu6wmx8ndz 828 63314 688450 675955 2026-07-17T02:34:53Z Zackmann08 14653 Fallback to using Wikidata coordinates for infobox_pushpin_map when possible. Supplied coordinates will still override the wikidata values. 688450 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function round(n, decimals) local pow = 10^(decimals or 0) return math.floor(n * pow + 0.5) / pow end function p.getMapParams(map, frame) if not map then error('The name of the location map definition to use must be specified', 2) end local moduletitle = mw.title.new('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) if not moduletitle then error(string.format('%q is not a valid name for a location map definition', map), 2) elseif moduletitle.exists then local mapData = mw.loadData('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) return function(name, params) if name == nil then return 'Module:Location map/data/' .. map elseif mapData[name] == nil then return '' elseif params then return mw.message.newRawMessage(tostring(mapData[name]), unpack(params)):plain() else return mapData[name] end end else error('Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/' .. map .. '" does not exist', 2) end end function p.data(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local params = {} for k,v in ipairs(args) do if k > 2 then params[k-2] = v end end return map(args[2], #params ~= 0 and params) end local hemisphereMultipliers = { longitude = { W = -1, w = -1, E = 1, e = 1 }, latitude = { S = -1, s = -1, N = 1, n = 1 } } local function decdeg(degrees, minutes, seconds, hemisphere, decimal, direction) if decimal then if degrees then error('Decimal and DMS degrees cannot both be provided for ' .. direction, 2) elseif minutes then error('Minutes can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif seconds then error('Seconds can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) end local retval = tonumber(decimal) if retval then return retval end error('The value "' .. decimal .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not minutes then error('Seconds were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without minutes also being provided', 2) elseif not degrees then if minutes then error('Minutes were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere was provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) end return nil end decimal = tonumber(degrees) if not decimal then error('The degree value "' .. degrees .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif minutes and not tonumber(minutes) then error('The minute value "' .. minutes .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not tonumber(seconds) then error('The second value "' .. seconds .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal + (minutes or 0)/60 + (seconds or 0)/3600 if hemisphere then local multiplier = hemisphereMultipliers[direction][hemisphere] if not multiplier then error('The hemisphere "' .. hemisphere .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal * multiplier end return decimal end -- Finds a parameter in a transclusion of {{Coord}}. local function coord2text(para,coord) -- this should be changed for languages which do not use Arabic numerals or the degree sign local lat, long = mw.ustring.match(coord,'<span class="p%-latitude latitude">([^<]+)</span><span class="p%-longitude longitude">([^<]+)</span>') if lat then return tonumber(para == 'longitude' and long or lat) end local result = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.match(coord,'%-?[%.%d]+°[NS] %-?[%.%d]+°[EW]') or '', '[ °]') if para == 'longitude' then result = {result[3], result[4]} end if not tonumber(result[1]) or not result[2] then mw.log('Malformed coordinates value') mw.logObject(para, 'para') mw.logObject(coord, 'coord') return error('Malformed coordinates value', 2) end return tonumber(result[1]) * hemisphereMultipliers[para][result[2]] end -- effectively make removeBlanks false for caption and maplink, and true for everything else -- if useWikidata is present but blank, convert it to false instead of nil -- p.top, p.bottom, and their callers need to use this function p.valueFunc(key, value) if value then value = mw.text.trim(value) end if value ~= '' or key == 'caption' or key == 'maplink' then return value elseif key == 'useWikidata' then return false end end local function getContainerImage(args, map) if args.AlternativeMap then return args.AlternativeMap elseif args.relief then local digits = mw.ustring.match(args.relief,'^[1-9][0-9]?$') or '1' -- image1 to image99 if map('image' .. digits) ~= '' then return map('image' .. digits) end end return map('image') end function p.top(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local width local default_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(args.default_width),"%d*")) if not args.width then width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) elseif mw.ustring.sub(args.width, -2) == 'px' then width = mw.ustring.sub(args.width, 1, -3) else width = args.width end local width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number == 0 then -- check to see if width is junk. If it is, then use default calculation width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; end if args.max_width ~= "" and args.max_width ~= nil then -- check to see if width bigger than max_width local max_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(args.max_width,"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number>max_as_number and max_as_number>0 then width = args.max_width; end end local retval = frame:extensionTag{name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Module:Location map/styles.css'}} if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '<div class="center">' end if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' and args.border ~= 'infobox' then retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap noresize thumb ' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'floatleft' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' or args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'tnone' else retval = retval .. 'floatright' end retval = retval .. '"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:' .. (width + 2) .. 'px' if args.border == 'none' then retval = retval .. ';border:none' elseif args.border then retval = retval .. ';border-color:' .. args.border end retval = retval .. '"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px' .. (args.border ~= 'none' and ';border:1px solid lightgray">' or '">') else retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap" style="width:' .. width .. 'px;' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'float:left;clear:left' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto' elseif args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:none' else retval = retval .. 'float:right;clear:right' end retval = retval .. '"><div style="width:' .. width .. 'px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px">' end local image = getContainerImage(args, map) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() retval = string.format( '%s[[File:%s|%spx|%s%s|class=notpageimage noviewer]]', retval, image, width, args.alt or ((args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' is located in ' .. map('name')), args.maplink and ('|link=' .. args.maplink) or '' ) if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' then if (currentTitle.namespace == 0) and mw.ustring.find(args.caption, '##') then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Pages using location map with a double number sign in the caption]]' end end if args.overlay_image then return retval .. '<div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0">[[File:' .. args.overlay_image .. '|' .. width .. 'px|class=notpageimage noviewer]]</div>' else return retval end end function p.bottom(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local retval = '</div>' local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if not args.caption or args.border == 'infobox' then if args.border then retval = retval .. '<div style="padding-top:0.2em">' else retval = retval .. '<div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">' end retval = retval .. (args.caption or (args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' (' .. map('name') .. ')') .. '</div>' elseif args.caption ~= '' then -- This is not the pipe trick. We're creating a link with no text on purpose, so that CSS can give us a nice image retval = retval .. '<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify">[[:File:' .. getContainerImage(args, map) .. '| ]]</div>' .. args.caption .. '</div>' end if args.switcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">' .. args.switcherLabel .. '</span>' elseif args.autoSwitcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of ' .. map('name') .. '</span>' end retval = retval .. '</div></div>' if args.caption_undefined then mw.log('Removed parameter caption_undefined used.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|caption_undefined]]' end end if map('skew') ~= '' or map('lat_skew') ~= '' or map('crosses180') ~= '' or map('type') ~= '' then mw.log('Removed parameter used in map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (map('skew') ~= '' and 'skew' or '') .. (map('lat_skew') ~= '' and 'lat_skew' or '') .. (map('crosses180') ~= '' and 'crosses180' or '') .. (map('type') ~= '' and 'type' or '') retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key .. ' ]]' end end if string.find(map('name'), '|', 1, true) then mw.log('Pipe used in name of map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with a name containing a pipe]]' end end if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '</div>' end return retval end local function markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size) return mw.html.create('div') :addClass('od') :addClass('notheme') -- T236137 :cssText('top:' .. round(y, 3) .. '%;left:' .. round(x, 3) .. '%;font-size:' .. label_size .. '%') :node(imageDiv) :node(labelDiv) end local function markImageDiv(mark, marksize, label, link, alt, title) local builder = mw.html.create('div') :addClass('id') :cssText('left:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px;top:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px') :attr('title', title) if marksize ~= 0 then builder:wikitext(string.format( '[[File:%s|%dx%dpx|%s|link=%s%s|class=notpageimage noviewer]]', mark, marksize, marksize, label, link, alt and ('|alt=' .. alt) or '' )) end return builder end local function markLabelDiv(label, label_size, label_width, position, background, x, marksize) if tonumber(label_size) == 0 then return mw.html.create('div'):addClass('l0'):wikitext(label) end local builder = mw.html.create('div') :cssText('width:' .. label_width .. 'em') local distance = round(marksize / 2 + 1) if position == 'top' then -- specified top builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('bottom:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'bottom' then -- specified bottom builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('top:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'left' or (tonumber(x) > 70 and position ~= 'right') then -- specified left or autodetected to left builder:addClass('pl'):cssText('right:' .. distance .. 'px') else -- specified right or autodetected to right builder:addClass('pr'):cssText('left:' .. distance .. 'px') end builder = builder:tag('div') :wikitext(label) if background then builder:cssText('background-color:' .. background) end return builder:done() end local function getX(longitude, left, right) local width = (right - left) % 360 if width == 0 then width = 360 end local distanceFromLeft = (longitude - left) % 360 -- the distance needed past the map to the right equals distanceFromLeft - width. the distance needed past the map to the left equals 360 - distanceFromLeft. to minimize page stretching, go whichever way is shorter if distanceFromLeft - width / 2 >= 180 then distanceFromLeft = distanceFromLeft - 360 end return 100 * distanceFromLeft / width end local function getY(latitude, top, bottom) return 100 * (top - latitude) / (top - bottom) end function p.mark(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map~'}) end local mapnames = {} if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in mw.text.gsplit(args[1], '#', true) do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) mapnames[#mapnames + 1] = mapname end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) args[1] = 'World' end end if type(map) == 'table' then local outputs = {} local oldargs = args[1] for k,v in ipairs(map) do args[1] = mapnames[k] outputs[k] = tostring(p.mark(frame, args, v)) end args[1] = oldargs return table.concat(outputs, '#PlaceList#') .. '#PlaceList#' end local x, y, longitude, latitude longitude = decdeg(args.lon_deg, args.lon_min, args.lon_sec, args.lon_dir, args.long, 'longitude') latitude = decdeg(args.lat_deg, args.lat_min, args.lat_sec, args.lat_dir, args.lat, 'latitude') if args.excludefrom then -- If this mark is to be excluded from certain maps entirely (useful in the context of multiple maps) for exclusionmap in mw.text.gsplit(args.excludefrom, '#', true) do -- Check if this map is excluded. If so, return an empty string. if args[1] == exclusionmap then return '' end end end local builder = mw.html.create() local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if args.coordinates then -- Temporarily removed to facilitate infobox conversion. See [[Wikipedia:Coordinates in infoboxes]] -- if longitude or latitude then -- error('Coordinates from [[Module:Coordinates]] and individual coordinates cannot both be provided') -- end longitude = coord2text('longitude', args.coordinates) latitude = coord2text('latitude', args.coordinates) elseif not longitude and not latitude and args.useWikidata then -- If they didn't provide either coordinate, try Wikidata. If they provided one but not the other, don't. local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local value = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value longitude, latitude = value.longitude, value.latitude end if args.link and (currentTitle.namespace == 0) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with linked markers with coordinates from Wikidata]]') end end if not longitude then error('No value was provided for longitude') elseif not latitude then error('No value was provided for latitude') end if currentTitle.namespace > 0 then if (not args.lon_deg) ~= (not args.lat_deg) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Degrees]]') elseif (not args.lon_min) ~= (not args.lat_min) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Minutes]]') elseif (not args.lon_sec) ~= (not args.lat_sec) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Seconds]]') elseif (not args.lon_dir) ~= (not args.lat_dir) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Hemisphere]]') elseif (not args.long) ~= (not args.lat) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Decimal]]') end end if ((tonumber(args.lat_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lat_dir and args.lat_dir ~='')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if ((tonumber(args.lon_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lon_dir and args.lon_dir ~= '')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if args.skew or args.lon_shift or args.markhigh then mw.log('Removed parameter used in invocation.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (args.skew and 'skew' or '') .. (args.lon_shift and 'lon_shift' or '') .. (args.markhigh and 'markhigh' or '') builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key ..' ]]') end end if map('x') ~= '' then x = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('x', { latitude, longitude }))) else x = tonumber(getX(longitude, map('left'), map('right'))) end if map('y') ~= '' then y = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('y', { latitude, longitude }))) else y = tonumber(getY(latitude, map('top'), map('bottom'))) end if (x < 0 or x > 100 or y < 0 or y > 100) and not args.outside then mw.log('Mark placed outside map boundaries without outside flag set. x = ' .. x .. ', y = ' .. y) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = currentTitle.prefixedText builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set|' .. key .. ' ]]') end end local mark = args.mark or map('mark') if mark == '' then mark = 'Red pog.svg' end local marksize = tonumber(args.marksize) or tonumber(map('marksize')) or 8 local imageDiv = markImageDiv(mark, marksize, args.label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, args.link or '', args.alt, args[2]) local label_size = args.label_size or 91 local labelDiv if args.label and args.position ~= 'none' then labelDiv = markLabelDiv(args.label, label_size, args.label_width or 6, args.position, args.background, x, marksize) end return builder:node(markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size)) end local function switcherSeparate(s) if s == nil then return {} end local retval = {} for i in string.gmatch(s .. '#', '([^#]*)#') do i = mw.text.trim(i) retval[#retval + 1] = (i ~= '' and i) end return retval end function p.infobox_pushpin_map(frame) --This function is designed to be invoked from an infobox template --* Some parameters (generally starting with "pushpin_") are meant to be exposed as parameters -- in the outer infobox, settable by editors --* Others are meant to be "hidden" (e.g., only set inside the infobox template code) -- First get the combined arguments from both parent and invocation frame local raw_args = getArgs(frame) --If no map is supplied, return. if not raw_args['pushpin_map'] then return end -- Now get arguments from just the invocation frame local frame_args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true}) -- parsed_args will have the resulting merged parameters local parsed_args = {} -- Default to using wikidata coodinates if no other coordiantes supplied. if raw_args.useWikidata == nil then parsed_args.useWikidata = true else parsed_args.useWikidata = raw_args.useWikidata end -- Parse the arguments parsed_args[1] = raw_args['pushpin_map'] parsed_args.float = frame_args.float or 'center' parsed_args.border = frame_args.border or 'infobox' parsed_args.default_width = frame_args.default_width parsed_args.max_width = frame_args.max_width parsed_args.coordinates = raw_args['coordinates'] parsed_args.caption = raw_args['pushpin_caption'] parsed_args.relief = raw_args['pushpin_relief'] parsed_args.label = raw_args['pushpin_label'] parsed_args.label_size = raw_args['pushpin_label_size'] parsed_args.position = raw_args['pushpin_label_position'] parsed_args.mark = raw_args['pushpin_mark'] parsed_args.marksize = raw_args['pushpin_mark_size'] parsed_args.alt = raw_args['pushpin_alt'] parsed_args.background = raw_args['pushpin_background'] parsed_args.width = raw_args['pushpin_map_size'] local map = {} local caption_list = {} for mapname in string.gmatch(parsed_args[1], '[^#]+') do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) end if parsed_args['caption'] then for caption in mw.text.gsplit(parsed_args['caption'], '##', true) do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption end end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] if not parsed_args.caption then parsed_args.caption = 'Location within ' .. map('name') end end if type(map) == 'table' then mw.log('----') mw.logObject(map) if #caption_list > #map then error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map)) elseif not parsed_args.caption then -- Set a default caption for each of the multiple maps for i=1, #map do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = 'Location within '.. map[i]('name') end end local outputs = {} parsed_args.autoSwitcherLabel = true for k,v in ipairs(map) do parsed_args.caption = caption_list[k] outputs[k] = p.main(frame, parsed_args, v) end return '<div class="switcher-container">' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '</div>' else return p.top(frame, parsed_args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, parsed_args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, parsed_args, map) end end function p.main(frame, args, map) local caption_list = {} if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map', valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if args.useWikidata == nil then args.useWikidata = true end if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in string.gmatch(args[1], '[^#]+') do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) end if args['caption'] then if args['caption'] == "" then while #caption_list < #map do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = args['caption'] end else for caption in mw.text.gsplit(args['caption'], '##', true) do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption end end end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) end end if type(map) == 'table' then local altmaps = switcherSeparate(args.AlternativeMap) if #altmaps > #map then error(string.format('%d AlternativeMaps were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #altmaps, #map)) end local overlays = switcherSeparate(args.overlay_image) if #overlays > #map then error(string.format('%d overlay_images were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #overlays, #map)) end if #caption_list > #map then error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map)) end local outputs = {} args.autoSwitcherLabel = true for k,v in ipairs(map) do args.AlternativeMap = altmaps[k] args.overlay_image = overlays[k] args.caption = caption_list[k] outputs[k] = p.main(frame, args, v) end return '<div class="switcher-container">' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '</div>' else return p.top(frame, args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, args, map) end end return p 312omgbrldzrj1rzzxrfb96292dm1df 688451 688450 2026-07-19T16:45:25Z King ChristLike 13051 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Location_map]] 688450 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function round(n, decimals) local pow = 10^(decimals or 0) return math.floor(n * pow + 0.5) / pow end function p.getMapParams(map, frame) if not map then error('The name of the location map definition to use must be specified', 2) end local moduletitle = mw.title.new('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) if not moduletitle then error(string.format('%q is not a valid name for a location map definition', map), 2) elseif moduletitle.exists then local mapData = mw.loadData('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) return function(name, params) if name == nil then return 'Module:Location map/data/' .. map elseif mapData[name] == nil then return '' elseif params then return mw.message.newRawMessage(tostring(mapData[name]), unpack(params)):plain() else return mapData[name] end end else error('Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/' .. map .. '" does not exist', 2) end end function p.data(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local params = {} for k,v in ipairs(args) do if k > 2 then params[k-2] = v end end return map(args[2], #params ~= 0 and params) end local hemisphereMultipliers = { longitude = { W = -1, w = -1, E = 1, e = 1 }, latitude = { S = -1, s = -1, N = 1, n = 1 } } local function decdeg(degrees, minutes, seconds, hemisphere, decimal, direction) if decimal then if degrees then error('Decimal and DMS degrees cannot both be provided for ' .. direction, 2) elseif minutes then error('Minutes can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif seconds then error('Seconds can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) end local retval = tonumber(decimal) if retval then return retval end error('The value "' .. decimal .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not minutes then error('Seconds were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without minutes also being provided', 2) elseif not degrees then if minutes then error('Minutes were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere was provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) end return nil end decimal = tonumber(degrees) if not decimal then error('The degree value "' .. degrees .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif minutes and not tonumber(minutes) then error('The minute value "' .. minutes .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not tonumber(seconds) then error('The second value "' .. seconds .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal + (minutes or 0)/60 + (seconds or 0)/3600 if hemisphere then local multiplier = hemisphereMultipliers[direction][hemisphere] if not multiplier then error('The hemisphere "' .. hemisphere .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal * multiplier end return decimal end -- Finds a parameter in a transclusion of {{Coord}}. local function coord2text(para,coord) -- this should be changed for languages which do not use Arabic numerals or the degree sign local lat, long = mw.ustring.match(coord,'<span class="p%-latitude latitude">([^<]+)</span><span class="p%-longitude longitude">([^<]+)</span>') if lat then return tonumber(para == 'longitude' and long or lat) end local result = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.match(coord,'%-?[%.%d]+°[NS] %-?[%.%d]+°[EW]') or '', '[ °]') if para == 'longitude' then result = {result[3], result[4]} end if not tonumber(result[1]) or not result[2] then mw.log('Malformed coordinates value') mw.logObject(para, 'para') mw.logObject(coord, 'coord') return error('Malformed coordinates value', 2) end return tonumber(result[1]) * hemisphereMultipliers[para][result[2]] end -- effectively make removeBlanks false for caption and maplink, and true for everything else -- if useWikidata is present but blank, convert it to false instead of nil -- p.top, p.bottom, and their callers need to use this function p.valueFunc(key, value) if value then value = mw.text.trim(value) end if value ~= '' or key == 'caption' or key == 'maplink' then return value elseif key == 'useWikidata' then return false end end local function getContainerImage(args, map) if args.AlternativeMap then return args.AlternativeMap elseif args.relief then local digits = mw.ustring.match(args.relief,'^[1-9][0-9]?$') or '1' -- image1 to image99 if map('image' .. digits) ~= '' then return map('image' .. digits) end end return map('image') end function p.top(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local width local default_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(args.default_width),"%d*")) if not args.width then width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) elseif mw.ustring.sub(args.width, -2) == 'px' then width = mw.ustring.sub(args.width, 1, -3) else width = args.width end local width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number == 0 then -- check to see if width is junk. If it is, then use default calculation width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; end if args.max_width ~= "" and args.max_width ~= nil then -- check to see if width bigger than max_width local max_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(args.max_width,"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number>max_as_number and max_as_number>0 then width = args.max_width; end end local retval = frame:extensionTag{name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Module:Location map/styles.css'}} if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '<div class="center">' end if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' and args.border ~= 'infobox' then retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap noresize thumb ' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'floatleft' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' or args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'tnone' else retval = retval .. 'floatright' end retval = retval .. '"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:' .. (width + 2) .. 'px' if args.border == 'none' then retval = retval .. ';border:none' elseif args.border then retval = retval .. ';border-color:' .. args.border end retval = retval .. '"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px' .. (args.border ~= 'none' and ';border:1px solid lightgray">' or '">') else retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap" style="width:' .. width .. 'px;' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'float:left;clear:left' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto' elseif args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:none' else retval = retval .. 'float:right;clear:right' end retval = retval .. '"><div style="width:' .. width .. 'px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px">' end local image = getContainerImage(args, map) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() retval = string.format( '%s[[File:%s|%spx|%s%s|class=notpageimage noviewer]]', retval, image, width, args.alt or ((args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' is located in ' .. map('name')), args.maplink and ('|link=' .. args.maplink) or '' ) if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' then if (currentTitle.namespace == 0) and mw.ustring.find(args.caption, '##') then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Pages using location map with a double number sign in the caption]]' end end if args.overlay_image then return retval .. '<div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0">[[File:' .. args.overlay_image .. '|' .. width .. 'px|class=notpageimage noviewer]]</div>' else return retval end end function p.bottom(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local retval = '</div>' local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if not args.caption or args.border == 'infobox' then if args.border then retval = retval .. '<div style="padding-top:0.2em">' else retval = retval .. '<div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">' end retval = retval .. (args.caption or (args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' (' .. map('name') .. ')') .. '</div>' elseif args.caption ~= '' then -- This is not the pipe trick. We're creating a link with no text on purpose, so that CSS can give us a nice image retval = retval .. '<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify">[[:File:' .. getContainerImage(args, map) .. '| ]]</div>' .. args.caption .. '</div>' end if args.switcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">' .. args.switcherLabel .. '</span>' elseif args.autoSwitcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of ' .. map('name') .. '</span>' end retval = retval .. '</div></div>' if args.caption_undefined then mw.log('Removed parameter caption_undefined used.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|caption_undefined]]' end end if map('skew') ~= '' or map('lat_skew') ~= '' or map('crosses180') ~= '' or map('type') ~= '' then mw.log('Removed parameter used in map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (map('skew') ~= '' and 'skew' or '') .. (map('lat_skew') ~= '' and 'lat_skew' or '') .. (map('crosses180') ~= '' and 'crosses180' or '') .. (map('type') ~= '' and 'type' or '') retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key .. ' ]]' end end if string.find(map('name'), '|', 1, true) then mw.log('Pipe used in name of map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with a name containing a pipe]]' end end if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '</div>' end return retval end local function markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size) return mw.html.create('div') :addClass('od') :addClass('notheme') -- T236137 :cssText('top:' .. round(y, 3) .. '%;left:' .. round(x, 3) .. '%;font-size:' .. label_size .. '%') :node(imageDiv) :node(labelDiv) end local function markImageDiv(mark, marksize, label, link, alt, title) local builder = mw.html.create('div') :addClass('id') :cssText('left:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px;top:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px') :attr('title', title) if marksize ~= 0 then builder:wikitext(string.format( '[[File:%s|%dx%dpx|%s|link=%s%s|class=notpageimage noviewer]]', mark, marksize, marksize, label, link, alt and ('|alt=' .. alt) or '' )) end return builder end local function markLabelDiv(label, label_size, label_width, position, background, x, marksize) if tonumber(label_size) == 0 then return mw.html.create('div'):addClass('l0'):wikitext(label) end local builder = mw.html.create('div') :cssText('width:' .. label_width .. 'em') local distance = round(marksize / 2 + 1) if position == 'top' then -- specified top builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('bottom:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'bottom' then -- specified bottom builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('top:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'left' or (tonumber(x) > 70 and position ~= 'right') then -- specified left or autodetected to left builder:addClass('pl'):cssText('right:' .. distance .. 'px') else -- specified right or autodetected to right builder:addClass('pr'):cssText('left:' .. distance .. 'px') end builder = builder:tag('div') :wikitext(label) if background then builder:cssText('background-color:' .. background) end return builder:done() end local function getX(longitude, left, right) local width = (right - left) % 360 if width == 0 then width = 360 end local distanceFromLeft = (longitude - left) % 360 -- the distance needed past the map to the right equals distanceFromLeft - width. the distance needed past the map to the left equals 360 - distanceFromLeft. to minimize page stretching, go whichever way is shorter if distanceFromLeft - width / 2 >= 180 then distanceFromLeft = distanceFromLeft - 360 end return 100 * distanceFromLeft / width end local function getY(latitude, top, bottom) return 100 * (top - latitude) / (top - bottom) end function p.mark(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map~'}) end local mapnames = {} if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in mw.text.gsplit(args[1], '#', true) do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) mapnames[#mapnames + 1] = mapname end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) args[1] = 'World' end end if type(map) == 'table' then local outputs = {} local oldargs = args[1] for k,v in ipairs(map) do args[1] = mapnames[k] outputs[k] = tostring(p.mark(frame, args, v)) end args[1] = oldargs return table.concat(outputs, '#PlaceList#') .. '#PlaceList#' end local x, y, longitude, latitude longitude = decdeg(args.lon_deg, args.lon_min, args.lon_sec, args.lon_dir, args.long, 'longitude') latitude = decdeg(args.lat_deg, args.lat_min, args.lat_sec, args.lat_dir, args.lat, 'latitude') if args.excludefrom then -- If this mark is to be excluded from certain maps entirely (useful in the context of multiple maps) for exclusionmap in mw.text.gsplit(args.excludefrom, '#', true) do -- Check if this map is excluded. If so, return an empty string. if args[1] == exclusionmap then return '' end end end local builder = mw.html.create() local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if args.coordinates then -- Temporarily removed to facilitate infobox conversion. See [[Wikipedia:Coordinates in infoboxes]] -- if longitude or latitude then -- error('Coordinates from [[Module:Coordinates]] and individual coordinates cannot both be provided') -- end longitude = coord2text('longitude', args.coordinates) latitude = coord2text('latitude', args.coordinates) elseif not longitude and not latitude and args.useWikidata then -- If they didn't provide either coordinate, try Wikidata. If they provided one but not the other, don't. local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local value = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value longitude, latitude = value.longitude, value.latitude end if args.link and (currentTitle.namespace == 0) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with linked markers with coordinates from Wikidata]]') end end if not longitude then error('No value was provided for longitude') elseif not latitude then error('No value was provided for latitude') end if currentTitle.namespace > 0 then if (not args.lon_deg) ~= (not args.lat_deg) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Degrees]]') elseif (not args.lon_min) ~= (not args.lat_min) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Minutes]]') elseif (not args.lon_sec) ~= (not args.lat_sec) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Seconds]]') elseif (not args.lon_dir) ~= (not args.lat_dir) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Hemisphere]]') elseif (not args.long) ~= (not args.lat) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Decimal]]') end end if ((tonumber(args.lat_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lat_dir and args.lat_dir ~='')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if ((tonumber(args.lon_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lon_dir and args.lon_dir ~= '')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if args.skew or args.lon_shift or args.markhigh then mw.log('Removed parameter used in invocation.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (args.skew and 'skew' or '') .. (args.lon_shift and 'lon_shift' or '') .. (args.markhigh and 'markhigh' or '') builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key ..' ]]') end end if map('x') ~= '' then x = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('x', { latitude, longitude }))) else x = tonumber(getX(longitude, map('left'), map('right'))) end if map('y') ~= '' then y = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('y', { latitude, longitude }))) else y = tonumber(getY(latitude, map('top'), map('bottom'))) end if (x < 0 or x > 100 or y < 0 or y > 100) and not args.outside then mw.log('Mark placed outside map boundaries without outside flag set. x = ' .. x .. ', y = ' .. y) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = currentTitle.prefixedText builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set|' .. key .. ' ]]') end end local mark = args.mark or map('mark') if mark == '' then mark = 'Red pog.svg' end local marksize = tonumber(args.marksize) or tonumber(map('marksize')) or 8 local imageDiv = markImageDiv(mark, marksize, args.label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, args.link or '', args.alt, args[2]) local label_size = args.label_size or 91 local labelDiv if args.label and args.position ~= 'none' then labelDiv = markLabelDiv(args.label, label_size, args.label_width or 6, args.position, args.background, x, marksize) end return builder:node(markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size)) end local function switcherSeparate(s) if s == nil then return {} end local retval = {} for i in string.gmatch(s .. '#', '([^#]*)#') do i = mw.text.trim(i) retval[#retval + 1] = (i ~= '' and i) end return retval end function p.infobox_pushpin_map(frame) --This function is designed to be invoked from an infobox template --* Some parameters (generally starting with "pushpin_") are meant to be exposed as parameters -- in the outer infobox, settable by editors --* Others are meant to be "hidden" (e.g., only set inside the infobox template code) -- First get the combined arguments from both parent and invocation frame local raw_args = getArgs(frame) --If no map is supplied, return. if not raw_args['pushpin_map'] then return end -- Now get arguments from just the invocation frame local frame_args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true}) -- parsed_args will have the resulting merged parameters local parsed_args = {} -- Default to using wikidata coodinates if no other coordiantes supplied. if raw_args.useWikidata == nil then parsed_args.useWikidata = true else parsed_args.useWikidata = raw_args.useWikidata end -- Parse the arguments parsed_args[1] = raw_args['pushpin_map'] parsed_args.float = frame_args.float or 'center' parsed_args.border = frame_args.border or 'infobox' parsed_args.default_width = frame_args.default_width parsed_args.max_width = frame_args.max_width parsed_args.coordinates = raw_args['coordinates'] parsed_args.caption = raw_args['pushpin_caption'] parsed_args.relief = raw_args['pushpin_relief'] parsed_args.label = raw_args['pushpin_label'] parsed_args.label_size = raw_args['pushpin_label_size'] parsed_args.position = raw_args['pushpin_label_position'] parsed_args.mark = raw_args['pushpin_mark'] parsed_args.marksize = raw_args['pushpin_mark_size'] parsed_args.alt = raw_args['pushpin_alt'] parsed_args.background = raw_args['pushpin_background'] parsed_args.width = raw_args['pushpin_map_size'] local map = {} local caption_list = {} for mapname in string.gmatch(parsed_args[1], '[^#]+') do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) end if parsed_args['caption'] then for caption in mw.text.gsplit(parsed_args['caption'], '##', true) do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption end end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] if not parsed_args.caption then parsed_args.caption = 'Location within ' .. map('name') end end if type(map) == 'table' then mw.log('----') mw.logObject(map) if #caption_list > #map then error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map)) elseif not parsed_args.caption then -- Set a default caption for each of the multiple maps for i=1, #map do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = 'Location within '.. map[i]('name') end end local outputs = {} parsed_args.autoSwitcherLabel = true for k,v in ipairs(map) do parsed_args.caption = caption_list[k] outputs[k] = p.main(frame, parsed_args, v) end return '<div class="switcher-container">' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '</div>' else return p.top(frame, parsed_args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, parsed_args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, parsed_args, map) end end function p.main(frame, args, map) local caption_list = {} if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map', valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if args.useWikidata == nil then args.useWikidata = true end if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in string.gmatch(args[1], '[^#]+') do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) end if args['caption'] then if args['caption'] == "" then while #caption_list < #map do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = args['caption'] end else for caption in mw.text.gsplit(args['caption'], '##', true) do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption end end end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) end end if type(map) == 'table' then local altmaps = switcherSeparate(args.AlternativeMap) if #altmaps > #map then error(string.format('%d AlternativeMaps were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #altmaps, #map)) end local overlays = switcherSeparate(args.overlay_image) if #overlays > #map then error(string.format('%d overlay_images were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #overlays, #map)) end if #caption_list > #map then error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map)) end local outputs = {} args.autoSwitcherLabel = true for k,v in ipairs(map) do args.AlternativeMap = altmaps[k] args.overlay_image = overlays[k] args.caption = caption_list[k] outputs[k] = p.main(frame, args, v) end return '<div class="switcher-container">' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '</div>' else return p.top(frame, args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, args, map) end end return p 312omgbrldzrj1rzzxrfb96292dm1df 828 63378 688448 676921 2012-04-27T02:37:31Z 67.71.69.201 337482 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 688449 676922 2026-07-19T16:45:19Z King ChristLike 13051 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Clear]] 337490 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="clear:{{{1|both}}};" class={{{class|}}}></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> an9yinekx1cqo1nkoi5u8nuqub9qbvg 688464 688448 2012-04-27T02:37:31Z 67.71.69.201 337482 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 688465 688449 2026-07-19T18:09:55Z King ChristLike 13051 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Clear]] 337490 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="clear:{{{1|both}}};" class={{{class|}}}></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> an9yinekx1cqo1nkoi5u8nuqub9qbvg 688478 688464 2012-04-27T02:37:31Z 67.71.69.201 337482 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 688479 688465 2026-07-20T10:14:17Z King ChristLike 13051 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Clear]] 337490 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="clear:{{{1|both}}};" class={{{class|}}}></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> an9yinekx1cqo1nkoi5u8nuqub9qbvg 10 63741 688489 683425 2012-07-31T15:54:03Z Ham Cork Fest 31243 */ Template category */ fix small error 364349 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 688490 683426 2026-07-20T10:14:50Z King ChristLike 13051 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Redirect_template]] 364372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Redirect template|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3 10 65783 688502 551803 2026-07-17T18:00:14Z MusikBot II 14639 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:R protected/excon]]": [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 2500 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require extended 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}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{nocat|}}}|true||{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:R extended-protected||{{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{#switch: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} |sysop=[[Category:Wikipedia fully protected redirects]] |templateeditor=[[Category:Wikipedia template-protected redirects]] |extendedconfirmed=[[Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected redirects]] }}{{#switch: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |extendedconfirmed=[[Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected redirects]] |sysop|templateeditor|autoconfirmed|#default=[[Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates]] }}}}}}}}<!--|all category=comment for automatic namespace detection--></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ak5km0v8k0xfy26ob4cknx73xtwo7ws 0 73206 688474 596959 2026-07-20T06:10:54Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug |Verifiedfields =changed |Watchedfields =changed |verifiedrevid =477165921 |drug_name =Cocaine |INN = |image =File:Amapolaa en polvo (cocaina).jpg |width = |alt = |image2 =Cocaine-from-xtal-1983-3D-balls.png |width2 = |alt2 = |caption =Cocaine |type =<!-- empty --> <!-- Names --> |pronounce =kəʊˈkeɪn |tradename =Neurocaine,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nordegren |first1=Thomas |title=The A-Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse |date=2002 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=9781581124040 |page=461 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=4yaGePenGKgC&pg=PA461 |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728162727/https://books.google.ca/books?id=4yaGePenGKgC&pg=PA461 |url-status=live }}</ref> Goprelto,<ref name="Goprelto FDA label">{{cite web | title=Goprelto- cocaine hydrochloride solution | website=DailyMed | date=3 January 2020 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=689750b7-8e51-47d9-a428-078f3f6c9dec | access-date=30 April 2020 | archive-date=30 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730202926/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=689750b7-8e51-47d9-a428-078f3f6c9dec | url-status=live }}</ref> Numbrino,<ref name="Numbrino FDA label">{{cite web | title=Numbrino- cocaine hydrochloride nasal solution | website=DailyMed | date=28 February 2020 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=94f9b3f8-bce5-41ed-9453-c54ed1d6c269 | access-date=30 April 2020 | archive-date=30 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730063812/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=94f9b3f8-bce5-41ed-9453-c54ed1d6c269 | url-status=live }}</ref> others |synonyms =Benzoylmethylecgonine, coke, blow, crack (in freebase form) |IUPAC_name =Methyl (1''R'',2''R'',3''S'',5''S'')-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate <!-- Clinical data --> |class ={{plainlist |20 =*[[Stimulant]] *[[Local anesthetic]]}} |uses =<!-- primary uses --> |side_effects =<!-- common side effects and notable side effects --> |interactions =<!-- notable interactions --> |pregnancy_AU =<!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> |pregnancy_AU_comment= |pregnancy_US =C |pregnancy_US_comment=<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Cocaine topical (C-Topical Solution) Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=10 April 2020 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/cocaine-topical.html | access-date=30 April 2020 | archive-date=28 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728204506/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/cocaine-topical.html | url-status=live }}</ref> |pregnancy_category= |breastfeeding = |routes_of_administration=[[Topical medication|Topical]], [[Oral administration|by mouth]], [[insufflation (medicine)|insufflation]], [[intravenous]] |onset =seconds to minutes<ref name="Zimmerman2012"/> |duration_of_action=5 to 90 minutes<ref name="Zimmerman2012"/> |defined_daily_dose= |typical_dose = |dependency_liability=High<ref name=Gho2010>{{cite book| first1 = Hamid | last1 = Ghodse | title = Ghodse's Drugs and Addictive Behaviour: A Guide to Treatment|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-48567-8|page=91|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYQ23OMjWbcC&pg=PA91|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234911/https://books.google.com/books?id=WYQ23OMjWbcC&pg=PA91|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> |addiction_liability=High<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to Pharmacology Third Edition|date=2007|publisher=CRC Press|location=Abingdon|isbn=978-1-4200-4742-4|pages=222–223|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfrLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA222|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234921/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfrLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA222|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> <!-- External links --> |Drugs.com ={{drugs.com|CONS|cocaine}} |MedlinePlus = <!-- Legal data --> |legal_AU =Schedule 8 |legal_AU_comment = |legal_BR =<!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F--> |legal_BR_comment = |legal_CA =Schedule I |legal_CA_comment = |legal_DE =Anlage III |legal_DE_comment = |legal_NZ =Class A |legal_NZ_comment = |legal_UN =N I III |legal_UN_comment = |legal_UK =Class A |legal_UK_comment = |legal_US =Schedule II<ref name=DEA2017Sched>{{cite web|title=DEA / Drug Scheduling|url=https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml|website=www.dea.gov|access-date=7 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809044016/https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml|archive-date=9 August 2017}}</ref> |legal_US_comment = |legal_status =<!-- For countries not listed above --> |DailyMedID =Cocaine |licence_US = |licence_CA =<!-- Health Canada may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) --> |licence_EU = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> |bioavailability ={{plainlist |*[[Oral administration|By mouth]]: 33%<ref name="fattinger2000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fattinger K, Benowitz NL, Jones RT, Verotta D | title = Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine | journal = European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 56 | issue = 4 | pages = 305–10 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10954344 | doi = 10.1007/s002280000147 }}</ref> *[[Insufflation (medicine)|insufflated]]: 60<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barnett G, Hawks R, Resnick R | title = Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | volume = 3 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 353–66 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7242115 | doi = 10.1016/0378-8741(81)90063-5 }}</ref>–80%<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jeffcoat AR, Perez-Reyes M, Hill JM, Sadler BM, Cook CE | title = Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection, nasal insufflation (snorting), or smoking | journal = Drug Metabolism and Disposition | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 153–9 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2565204 }}</ref> *[[Nasal spray]]: 25<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilkinson P, Van Dyke C, Jatlow P, Barash P, Byck R | title = Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics | journal = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 386–94 | date = March 1980 | pmid = 7357795 | doi = 10.1038/clpt.1980.52 }}</ref>–43%<ref name="fattinger2000" />}} |protein_bound = |metabolism =[[liver]] [[CYP3A4]] |metabolites =[[Norcocaine]], [[benzoylecgonine]], [[cocaethylene]] |excretion =Kidney <!-- Chemical and physical data --> |C =17 |H =21 |N =1 |O =4 |SMILES =CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(OC)=O)[C@@H](OC(C3=CC=CC=C3)=O)C2 |StdInChI =1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-12-8-9-13(18)15(17(20)21-2)14(10-12)22-16(19)11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-7,12-15H,8-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15+/m0/s1 |StdInChI_Ref ={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChI_comment = |StdInChIKey =ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N |StdInChIKey_Ref ={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |Jmol = |molecular_weight =303.353 |density = |density_notes = |melting_point =98<!--Pubchem--> |melting_high = |melting_notes = |boiling_point =187 |boiling_notes = |solubility =≈1.8<!--Pubchem--> |sol_units = |specific_rotation= |urine =3 days<ref>{{cite web |title=Interpreting Urine Drug Tests (UDT) |url=https://www.childhealthbc.ca/media/498 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025202836/https://www.childhealthbc.ca/media/498 |url-status=live }}</ref> |index_label = |index2_label = }} '''Cocaine''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''coke''', bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ ntụrụndụ.<ref name="Pom2012">{{Cite journal|title=Data available on the extent of cocaine use and dependence: biochemistry, pharmacologic effects and global burden of disease of cocaine abusers|journal=Current Medicinal Chemistry|volume=19|issue=33|pages=5647–57|date=2012|pmid=22856655|doi=10.2174/092986712803988811}}</ref> A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe, na-eku ume dị ka anwụrụ ọkụ, ma ọ bụ na-agbaze ma na-agba ya n'ime akwara.<ref name="Zimmerman2012">{{Cite journal|title=Cocaine intoxication|journal=Critical Care Clinics|volume=28|issue=4|pages=517–26|date=October 2012|pmid=22998988|doi=10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.003}}</ref> Mmetụta uche nwere ike ịgụnye enweghị ike ịbịakwute eziokwu, mmetụta siri ike nke obi ụtọ, ma ọ bụ ọgba aghara.<ref name="Zimmerman2012" /> Mgbaàmà anụ ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye obi na-akụ ngwa ngwa, ọsụsọ, na nnukwu nnwa anya.<ref name="Zimmerman2012" /> Ọgwụ dị elu nwere ike ịkpata ọbara mgbali elu ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Experimental treatments for cocaine toxicity: a difficult transition to the bedside|journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics|volume=347|issue=2|pages=251–7|date=November 2013|pmid=23978563|doi=10.1124/jpet.113.206383}}</ref> Mmetụta na-amalite n'ime sekọnd ruo nkeji nke e ji ya mee ihe ma na-adịgide n'etiti nkeji ise na iri itoolu.<ref name="Zimmerman2012" /> Cocaine nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ọgwụgwọ a nabatara dị ka ịkpọnwụ ahụ na ibelata ọbara ọgbụgba n'oge ịwa ahụ metụtara imi.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cocaine: what role does it have in current ENT practice? A review of the current literature|journal=The Journal of Laryngology and Otology|volume=120|issue=10|pages=808–11|date=October 2006|pmid=16848922|doi=10.1017/s0022215106001459}}</ref> Cocaine na-ama ahụ n'ihi mmetụta ya na rịwọọd patiwee n'ụbụrụ.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Mgbe obere oge nke iji ya mee ihe gasịrị, e nwere ohere dị ukwuu na ịdabere na ya ga-eme.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Ojiji ya na-emekwa ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa strok, ọrịa obi, nsogbu akpa ume n'ime ndị na-ese ya, Ọrịa ọbara, na ọnwụ obi mberede.<ref name="Pom2012" /><ref name="Sor2014">{{Cite journal|title=Cocaine use and risk of stroke: a systematic review|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=142|pages=1–13|date=September 2014|pmid=25066468|doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.041}}</ref> A na-agwakọta cocaine a na-ere n'ógbè n'ọgwụ na-akụnwụ ahụ, ọka, quinine, ma ọ bụ shuga, nke nwere ike ịkpata nsị ọzọ.<ref name="Gold2009">{{Cite journal|title=Cocaine: history, social implications, and toxicity--a review|journal=Disease-A-Month|volume=55|issue=1|pages=6–38|date=January 2009|pmid=19081448|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2008.10.002}}</ref> Site na ịṅụ ọgwụ a ugboro ugboro, mmadụ nwere ike belata ikike inwe obi ụtọ ma bụrụ onye ike gwụrụ.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Cocaine na-arụ ọrụ site na igbochi reuptake nke serotonin, norepinephrine, na dopamine.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Nke a na-eme ka ụbụrụ atọ a gbasaa.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Ọ nwere ike ịgafe Ihe mgbochi ọbara na ụbụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe ma nwee ike iduga na mmebi nke ihe mgbochi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cocaine-induced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and neurotoxicity|volume=88|pages=297–334|year=2009|pmid=19897082|doi=10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88011-2|journal=International Review of Neurobiology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Karch|first=Steven B.|title=Karch's pathology of drug abuse|date=2009|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton|isbn=978-0-8493-7881-2|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9E7gfJq0KkC&pg=PA70}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, e mepụtara kilogram 419 n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro.<ref name="UN2015">{{Cite book|title=Narcotic Drugs 2014|date=2015|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board|isbn=9789210481571|url=https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf}}</ref> A na-eme atụmatụ na ahịa iwu na-akwadoghị maka cocaine bụ 100 ruo US $ 500 ijeri kwa afọ.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Site na nhazi ọzọ, enwere ike ịmepụta crack cocaine site na cocaine.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Cocaine bụ ọgwụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa niile, mgbe cannabis gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=[Cocaine addiction: current data for the clinician]|journal=Presse Médicale|volume=43|issue=1|pages=9–17|date=January 2014|pmid=23727012|doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2013.01.069}}</ref> N'etiti nde mmadụ iri na anọ na iri abụọ na otu na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe kwa afọ.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Ojiji kachasị elu na North America na Europe na South America sochiri.<ref name="Pom2012" /> N'etiti otu na pasent atọ nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'ụwa ndị mepere emepe ejirila cocaine mee ihe n'oge ụfọdụ na ndụ ha.<ref name="Pom2012" /> N'afọ 2013, iji cocaine eme ihe kpatara ọnwụ 4,300, site na 2,400 na 1990.<ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|author=GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators}}</ref> A na-akpọ ya aha osisi <nowiki><i id="mw1A">coca</i></nowiki> nke e kewapụrụ ya.<ref name="Zimmerman2012" /> Ndị Peru na-eji akwụkwọ osisi ahụ eme ihe kemgbe oge ochie.<ref name="Gold2009" /> A chọtara cocaine na mbụ site na akwụkwọ ya na 1860.<ref name="Pom2012" /> Kemgbe 1961, otu mba ụwa maka ọgwụ ọjọọ achọrọ ka mba mee ka ojiji ntụrụndụ nke cocaine bụrụ mpụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=How well do international drug conventions protect public health?|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9810|pages=84–91|date=January 2012|pmid=22225673|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61423-2}}</ref> == Ihe odide == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 7opmm3z31ogggnt57sh6syqhz1p5k2x 0 74483 688472 621083 2026-07-20T06:01:14Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688472 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Orthopedics 2 -- Smart-Servier.png|thumb|Sling (Ọgwụ)]] Sling ma ọ bụ sling aka bụ ngwaọrụ iji belata mmegharị nke ubu na ikpere aka, ma ọ bụ chebe aka mgbe mmerụ ahụ na-agwọ, <ref name="St2017">{{Cite web|title=How To Make An Arm Sling|publisher=St John Ambulance|url=https://www.sja.org.uk/first-aid-advice/arm-sling/|accessdate=13 July 2025}}</ref> ejiri ákwà ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya mee ya. Sling na-ejikarị aka ya na ahụ, n'elu ma ọ bụ n'elu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Slings and bandages|publisher=University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust|date=14 February 2023|url=https://www.uhsussex.nhs.uk/resources/slings-and-bandages-2/}} Article describing broad arm, poly, and high arm slings, with advice on use.</ref> Enwere ike iji bandeeji triangular <ref name="St2017" /> ma ọ bụ naanị eriri ákwà mee ihe dị '''aka sling'''. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe e ji aka kpaa, site na eriri dị mfe ruo na ihe e ji aka kpaa iji mee ka ogwe aka dị jụụ site na ikpere aka ruo n'aka, site na eriri olu, nke a na-ejikarị ihe e ji aka kpaa na-ejikọ n'ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arm slings|publisher=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/arm-sling/s?k=arm+sling|accessdate=13 July 2025}} Page illustrating a variety of commercially available slings.</ref> == Edemsibia == <references /> qjiq2xzzzgk5la2bi4hybl0hdleio2a 0 74525 688473 621250 2026-07-20T06:06:04Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Opposed to suffrage.jpg|thumb|Ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị ]] '''Ikpa oke nwoke na nwanyị''' a mara ka '''Sexism''' na-olu ndị [[Bekee]], bụ ajọ mbunobi ma ọ bụ ịkpa ókè dabere na okike mmadụ. Ọ bụ ezie na mmekọahụ nwere ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, ma ọ na-emetụtakarị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ, n'ihi na ha bụ nwoke na-esighị ike. Ejikọtala ya na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na stereotypes, ma nwee ike ịgụnye nkwenye na otu okike ka ibe ya.<ref name="Schaefer 2011">{{Cite book |title=Sociology in Modules |last=Schaefer |first=Richard T. |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-802677-5 |location=New York |page=315 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/sociologyinmodul0000scha_m7y8/page/315/mode/1up?view=theater |chapter-url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |chapter=Women: The Oppressed Majority}}</ref> Oke mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị nwere ike ịkwalite [[:en:forced marriage|mmenye egwu mmekọahụ]], [[:en:rape|ndina n'ike]], na ụdị ndị ọzọ [[:en:gender-based violence|ime ihe ike mmekọahụ]].<ref name="Matsumoto 2001">{{cite book |last=Matsumoto |first=David |title=The Handbook of Culture and Psychology |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513181-9 |page=197}}</ref><ref name="Nakdimen 1984">{{cite journal |last=Nakdimen |first=K. A. |title=The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping |journal=[[American Journal of Psychiatry]] |year=1984 |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=499–503 |doi=10.1176/ajp.141.4.499 |pmid=6703126}}</ref> Ikpa oke nwoke na nwanyị na-ezo aka na imebi ohere nha anya dabere na okike. Ikpa oke nwoke na nwanyị nwere ike ibilite site na omenala na ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ ma ọ bụ omenala.<ref name="Masequesmay 2014">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Masequesmay |first=Gina |date=5 Jan 2024 |title=Sexism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexism |access-date=19 Feb 2024 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> ==Ndabere== N'akụkọ ihe mere eme niile, ịkpa oke dabere na nwoke na nwanyị etolitela na mba dị iche iche. N'[[India]], ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ n'oge bụ ndị e gburu onwe ha. Na [[Europe]], a na-ewere ọtụtụ ndị amoosu ka ụmụ nwanyị, a na-achụkarịkwa ha n'agbanyeghị na e nwere ndị amoosu nwoke.<ref name="EU">[https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229120927947 De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.]</ref> N'oge a, a naghị ahapụ ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu, itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nweta ọrụ na ekwekwaghị ka ha họrọ ndị ha ga-alụ na mba ụfọdụ.<ref name="Macfarlane 2019">{{Cite news |last1=Macfarlane |first1=Christina |last2=Coppack |first2=Sean |last3=Masters |first3=James |date=September 12, 2019 |title=FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/12/football/iran-blue-girl-sahar-khodayari-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=June 20, 2020 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> A na-akọwakarịkwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị na-adabere na okwu ụmụ nwoke. A na-ejikwa ụmụ nwanyị eme ihe mgbe niile dị ka ihe nnọchianya mmekọahụ na n'ebe ụfọdụ, ihe omume ndị na-eweda ikike ụmụ nwanyị dị ka [[:en:forced marriage|alụm di na nwunye]], [[:en:prostitution|ịgba akwụna]],[[:en:rape|ndina n'ike]] na mgbasa ozi mmekọahụ bụ ihe juru ebe niile na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na-akwalite ma na-eme site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị. ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị na-emetụtakwa otu ndị siri ike (ndị nwoke), dịka ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị (ndị na-ahụ maka nwanyị siri ike) nwere ike na-emeso ụmụ nwoke ihe omume ịkpa oke ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ha ikike. Rịba ama na ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị nwekwara ike ime n'ime otu okike dịka ụfọdụ nwere ike ịkwado nwoke na nwanyị na-abụghị nwoke na nwanyị nke ha, nke a na-ewerekwa dị ka ịkpa ókè.<ref>Benatar, David. ''The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men And Boys''. 2012. [[John Wiley & Sons]] Inc., West Sussex, UK; {{ISBN|978-0-470-67446-8}}</ref> ==Ntụaka na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ== {{Reflist}} * Atwell, Mary Welek. 2002. 'Equal Protection of the Law?: Gender and Justice in the United States'. New York: P. Lang. {{ISBN|978-0-8204-5502-0}} * {{cite journal |last=Bojarska |first=Katarzyna |year=2012 |title=Responding to lexical stimuli with gender associations: A Cognitive–Cultural Model |journal=[[Journal of Language and Social Psychology]] |doi=10.1177/0261927X12463008 |volume=32 |pages=46–61 |s2cid=145006661}} * {{cite book |last1=Cudd |first1=Ann E. |last2=Andreasen |first2=Robin O. |author-link1=Ann Cudd |title=Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4051-1661-9}} Part II What is Sexism? pp.&nbsp;69–114. * {{citation |last1=Cudd |first1=Ann E. |last2=Jones |first2=Leslie E. |author-link1=Ann Cudd |contribution=Sexism |editor1-last=Frey |editor1-first=R.G. |editor2-last=Heath Wellman |editor2-first=Christopher |title=A companion to applied ethics |pages=102–117 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |series=Blackwell Companions to Philosophy |location=Oxford, UK |year=2005 |doi=10.1002/9780470996621.ch8 |isbn=978-1-4051-3345-6 |postscript=. |url=https://archive.org/details/companiontoappli0000unse/page/102/mode/1up?view=theater |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}} s2ly3mppbx871jfmlg78juu50rgp5n5 3 75021 688466 687944 2026-07-19T18:19:19Z King ChristLike 13051 /* Issues with your outreach event */ Zaghachi 688466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Ebube Clara|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 10:34, 27 Eprel 2026 (UTC)}} == Issues with your outreach event == Ndewo! I see you're listed as an organizer for [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event:Clean_Up:_Fixing_redlink_references_and_redlink_template_in_the_Igbo_Wikipedia. this event]? Kindly encourage your event participants who are fixing ref errors to do it correctly and carefully so as not to wipe out valuable information in the process, as I've seen in many of their contributions. Correcting their mistakes is more time-consuming for me and anyone else. Also pinging @[[Ojiarụ:Akwugo|Akwugo]] here since she's listed as a co-organizer. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 12:04, 13 Julaị 2026 (UTC) :Daalụ so, I appreciate this observations, during the physical event I hinted how fragile references can be and the need for them to carefully remove and place back every deleted references with the right one, and not to touch the original reference, I also encouraged them not to publish any article they find in doubt of, rather than messing up the whole article. :I have been reviewing their works one after another, but please if you can pin the user name of any user who published the wrong edit, so I can querry such a person directly, I would appreciate that. :Thanks so much :[[Ojiarụ:Ebube Clara|Ebube Clara]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Ebube Clara|ṅkátá]]) 12:54, 13 Julaị 2026 (UTC) :Thank you@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] please tag the users so we can follow up [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]]) 13:58, 13 Julaị 2026 (UTC) ::There are quite a couple of them. I strongly advise you review the contributions from all editors. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 18:19, 19 Julaị 2026 (UTC) 7359xvr8wfv49l49uksjxq0vmpyf8m6 3 75195 688463 631809 2026-07-19T18:05:46Z King ChristLike 13051 /* Reference errors */ nkeji ohúrù 688463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Specialyvonne|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 00:00, 3 Mee 2026 (UTC)}} == Reference errors == Ndewo! Kindly stop fixing reference errors until you learn to do it rightly. I've looked through some of your edits and reverted some. In most cases, you ended up deleting useful refs instead of fixing the error itself. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 18:05, 19 Julaị 2026 (UTC) j9ad8enwpylz2q24xw52529r7o8am7r 0 77002 688443 687951 2026-07-19T16:14:27Z Nachi kim 20090 688443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Shannon Olsson - 1.png|thumb|Shannon Olsson]] '''Shannon B. Olsson''' (onye amụrụ na Bice, <ref name="Birth">{{Cite news|author=Parish|first=Grace|date=27 July 1977|title=Baby Girl Born to Joyce and Norman Bice|page=22|publisher=Tribune Press|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=trp19770727-01.1.22|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> 18 Julaị 1977) bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na kemịkalụ gburugburu ebe obibi <ref name="Nature">{{Cite journal|author=Lemming|first=Jack|title=This ecologist uses fake flowers to study India's insects|journal=Nature|date=13 December 2022|volume=612|issue=582|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-04427-4|pmid=36510016}}</ref> na nkwado, <ref name="ET Insights">{{Cite web|author=Nair|first=Queenie|title=The Global Director of The Echo Network discusses the future of sustainability in India and globally|url=https://etinsights.et-edge.com/a-fresh-approach-or-an-indian-model-of-sustainability-is-the-future/|work=ET Insights|date=12 January 2023|publisher=Economic Times|accessdate=24 April 2023|archivedate=24 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424073248/https://etinsights.et-edge.com/a-fresh-approach-or-an-indian-model-of-sustainability-is-the-future/}}</ref> ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi nke India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Elizabeth|first=Shilpa|date=3 August 2023|title='Sustainability is not just about reduction of consumption, but also about uplifting those in the bottom of the pyramid'|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/sustainability-is-not-just-about-reduction-of-consumption-but-also-about-uplifting-those-in-the-bottom-of-the-pyramid/article67150456.ece|accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> Olsson bụ onye nchọpụta na onye nduzi ụwa nke netwọk echo, netwọk "sayensị na ọha mmadụ" na-agafe mba 45.<ref name="EchoBioScience">{{Cite web|author=Krishnan|first=Anusha|title=The echo network – raising voices for a better future|url=https://indiabioscience.org/columns/indian-scenario/the-echo-network-raising-voices-for-a-better-future|work=India Bioscience|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2020-10-07}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi site na netwọk mba ụwa dị ka onye nnọchi anya sayensị pụrụ iche na India ya na Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) na mmekọrịta chiri anya na Innovation Centre Denmark na India (n'okpuru nkwado nke MFA Denmark na Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark) ). <ref name="NNF">{{Cite web|title=ATV will be a central focal point for Danish research's contribution to India's green transition|url=https://atv.dk/nyheder/nyhed/atv-bliver-centralt-omdrejningspunkt-dansk-forsknings-bidrag-til-indiens-groenne|work=Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber|date=24 January 2022|publisher=ATV|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> Ọ rụburu ọrụ dị ka onye ndu ọrụ na Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology na Jena, Germany, wee bụrụ onye otu ngalaba nke National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research na Bangalore, India. <ref name="iChem">{{Cite journal|author=Olsson|first=Shannon|title=Biosynthetic infochemical communication|journal=Bioinspiration & Biomimetics|date=2015-07-10|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1088/1748-3190/10/4/043001|pmid=26158233|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3190/10/4/043001/meta}}</ref><ref name="NCBS Join">{{Cite web|title=NCBS welcomes new faculty member – Shannon Olsson|url=https://news.ncbs.res.in/archivednews/story/ncbs-welcomes-new-faculty-member-shannon-olsson|work=NCBS News|publisher=National Centre for Biological Sciences|accessdate=23 April 2023|date=2014-06-09}}</ref> == Malite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ Olsson ka '''Shannon Bryn Bice''' nye Norman Allen Bice na Joyce Elaine Parish na De Peyster, New York.<ref name="Birth"/> Olsson gụrụ akwụkwọ na Heuvelton Central Skọlụ dị na Heuvelton, New York.<ref name="HCS Alumni">{{Cite web|author=Herron|first=Tessa|title=HCS Alumni Newletter|url=https://issuu.com/therron1/docs/hcs_alumni_newsletter_spring_2017_-|work=issuu.com|accessdate=23 April 2023|date=2017-08-11|archivedate=2023-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423122936/https://issuu.com/therron1/docs/hcs_alumni_newsletter_spring_2017_-}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu gụọ akwụkwọ na kọleji Nazaret (New York) ebe o nwetara nzere Bachelọ nke Sayensị na kemistri yana Agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị sayensị na 1999.<ref name="Naz Fulbright">{{Cite web|title=Student Fulbright Scholars|url=https://www2.naz.edu/academics/fulbright/student-fulbright-scholars/|work=Nazareth College|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> E nyere Olsson PhD na 2005 na ngalaba Neurobiology na Akparamàgwà na Mahadum Cornell <ref name="Thesis">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=Cornell University|title=The scent of speciation – The chemosensory basis for behavioral divergence involved in sympatric host shifts|first=Shannon Bryn|last=Olsson|year=2005|url=https://catalog.library.cornell.edu/catalog/5867959}}</ref>. nwere ọkachamara na Chemical Ecology n'okpuru nlekọta nke Prọfesọ Thomas Eisner na Wendell L. Roelofs. ''Rhagoletis pomonella''.<ref name="Thesis" /> E nyere ya onyinye "Distinguished Alumni Award" site na Heuvelton Central Skọlụ, <ref name="HCS Alumni" /> "Graduate of the Last Decade" site na kọleji Nazareth, na nnyocha oge okpomọkụ ya na Clarkson University na Prọfesọ Yuzhuo Li e gosipụtara na United States Capitol maka Council on Undergraduate Research "Posters on the Hill" ihe omume.<ref name="Clarkson">{{Cite web|title=Clarkson Prof And Mentor From De Peyster Present Research At U.S. Capitol Tomorrow|url=https://www.clarkson.edu/news/clarkson-prof-and-mentor-de-peyster-present-research-us-capitol-tomorrow|work=Clarkson|publisher=Clarkson University|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428234551/https://www.clarkson.edu/news/clarkson-prof-and-mentor-de-peyster-present-research-us-capitol-tomorrow|accessdate=23 April 2023|archivedate=28 April 2023}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, E nyere Olsson onyinye Fulbright Mmekọrịta nye Mahadum Lund. <ref name="Pachnoda 1">{{Cite journal|author=Stensmyr|first=Marcus C.|title=Detection of fruit- and flower-emitted volatiles by olfactory receptor neurons in the polyphagous fruit chafer Pachnoda marginata (Coleoptera: Cetoniinae)|journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology A|date=2001-09-01|volume=187|issue=7|pages=509–519|doi=10.1007/s003590100222|pmid=11730298|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003590100222|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="Pachnoda 2">{{Cite journal|author=Larsson|first=Mattias C.|title=Attractiveness of Fruit and Flower Odorants Detected by Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Fruit Chafer Pachnoda marginata|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2003-05-01|volume=29|issue=5|pages=1253–1268|doi=10.1023/A:1023893926038|pmid=12857034|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1023893926038}}</ref> n'okpuru Bill Hansson.<ref name="Naz Fulbright" /><ref name="GOLD" /> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cornell, ma n'afọ 2006–2007 mee nnyocha postdoctoral na mahadum ahụ na University of California, Los Angeles<ref name="UCLA">{{Cite web|title=Shannon Olsson|url=http://zimmerlab.biology.ucla.edu/solsson/index.html|work=Zimmer Lab|publisher=UCLA|accessdate=23 April 2023|archivedate=23 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423132948/http://zimmerlab.biology.ucla.edu/solsson/index.html}}</ref> na gburugburu ebe obibi kemịkalụ nke invertebrates mmiri na California kelp forests. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2007, ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya dị ka onye ndu ọrụ maka mmemme EU "Biosynthetic Infochemical Communication" <ref name="iChem EU">{{Cite web|title=Biosynthetic Info-chemical Communication|url=https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/032275|work=CORDIS|publisher=European Commission|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> na Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology na Jena, Germany. <ref name="iChem"/> N'afọ 2014, Olsson sonyeere ngalaba nke National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS) na Tata Institute of Fundamental Research na Bangalore, India, na-akwalite kemịkal gburugburu ebe obibi gafee usoro okike India. <ref name="NCBS Join"/> <ref name="Hindu NER Grant">{{Cite news|author=Rao|first=Mohit|title=Rs. 25-cr. grant to study if flowers talk to each other|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/rs-25crore-grant-to-study-if-flowers-talk-to-each-other/article7142295.ece|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2015-04-26}}</ref><ref name="collaborations in CE">{{Cite web|author=Bharath|first=Harini|title=Fostering collaborations and creating a roadmap for Indian chemical ecology|url=https://indiabioscience.org/news/2016/fostering-collaborations-and-creating-a-roadmap-for-indian-chemical-ecology|work=India Bioscience|accessdate=23 April 2023|date=2016-04-26}}</ref> Na NCBS, Olsson malitekwara otu Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology (NICE), nke jikọtara usoro okike na ngwaọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ sitere na kemịkal, molecular biology, ecology, na neuroscience iji nyochaa otu ihe ndị dị ndụ si eji kemịkal iji soro ibe ha na-emekọrịta ihe ma mata ihe ndị dị mkpa na gburugburu ha.<ref name="Naturalism">{{Cite news|author=Saldanha|first=Dahlia|date=2016-07-18|title=Dr Shannon Olsson: naturalism, chemistry and neuroscience|publisher=Biotechin.Asia|url=https://biotechinasia.wordpress.com/2016/07/18/dr-shannon-olsson-naturalism-chemistry-and-neuroscience/|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> Nnyocha Olsson ekwuola maka isiokwu ndị dị ka gụnyere nkwurịta okwu kemịkal na Indian antelope blackbuck <ref name="Blackbuck">{{Cite journal|author=Nair|first=Jyothi V.|title=An optimized protocol for large-scale in situ sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2018-05-18|volume=8|issue=11|pages=5924–5936|doi=10.1002/ece3.4138}}</ref> ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ebe obibi na ubi kọfị India, <ref name="coffee">{{Cite journal|author=Rajus|first=Santosh|title=Behavioral Ecology of the Coffee White Stem Borer: Toward Ecology-Based Pest Management of India's Coffee Plantations|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution|date=2021-02-09|volume=9|doi=10.3389/fevo.2021.607555}}</ref> <ref name="coffee2">{{Cite news|author=Desikan|first=Shubashree|title=Knowing the ways of the coffee white stem borer|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/knowing-the-ways-of-the-coffee-white-stem-borer/article35247915.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2021-07-10}}</ref> mmetụta nke mmetọ ikuku na anụ ọhịa anyị na ụmụ ahụhụ, <ref name="air pollution">{{Cite journal|author=Thimmegowda|first=Geetha G.|title=A field-based quantitative analysis of sublethal effects of air pollution on pollinators|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|date=2020-08-10|volume=117|issue=34|pages=20653–20661|doi=10.1073/pnas.2009074117|pmid=32778582}}</ref> <ref name="Science">{{Cite journal|author=Bharath|first=Harini|title='Its body looked like a warzone.' Air pollution could kill off critical honey bees in India|journal=Science|date=2020-08-10|issue=Science News|doi=10.1126/science.abe2623|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/its-body-looked-warzone-air-pollution-could-kill-critical-honey-bees-india|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> mmetụta nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi anyị na [[Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi]], <ref name="Nature"/> <ref name="hoverflies">{{Cite journal|author=Nordström|first=Karin|title=In situ modeling of multimodal floral cues attracting wild pollinators across environments|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|date=2017-11-07|volume=114|issue=50|pages=13218–13223|doi=10.1073/pnas.1714414114|pmid=29180408}}</ref> <ref name="CEN">{{Cite journal|author=Katsnelson|first=Alla|title=Decoding how insects use visual and chemical cues to find food|journal=Chemical and Engineering News|date=2018-06-18|volume=96|issue=27|pages=785–787|doi=10.1021/acscentsci.8b00367|pmid=30062105|url=https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/chemical-communication/Decoding-insects-use-visual-chemical/96/i27}}</ref> nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ejikọta COVID-19 na uto na mmetụta, [5] [6] [7] na ọgbọ egwuregwu nke eziokwu dị iche iche maka ụmụ ahụhụ.<ref name="COVID">{{Cite journal|author=Parma|first=Valentina|title=More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthes|journal=Chemical Senses|date=2020-06-20|volume=45|issue=7|pages=609–622|doi=10.1093/chemse/bjaa041|pmid=32564071|url=https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/45/7/609/5860460|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="COVID2">{{Cite news|author=Fernandez|first=Snehal|title=Indian researchers set to study Covid-19 link with loss of smell, taste|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/indian-researchers-set-to-study-covid-19-link-with-loss-of-smell-taste/story-UBaUT7sf8VgYuoz9t2WeJM.html|accessdate=24 April 2023|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref name="VR">{{Cite journal|author=Kaushik|first=Pavan Kumar|date=2020-05-18|title=Characterizing long-range search behavior in Diptera using complex 3D virtual environments|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|volume=117|issue=22|pages=12201–12207|doi=10.1073/pnas.1912124117|pmid=32424090}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Cite news|author=Hunt|first=Katie|title=Scientists create video game to unlock how flies navigate|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/18/world/insects-virtual-reality-study-scn/index.html|accessdate=23 April 2023|publisher=CNN|date=2020-05-18}}</ref> === netwọk echo === N'afọ 2019, Olsson guzobere [[The echo network|netwọk echo]], <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=the echo network|url=https://www.echonetwork.in|work=the echo network|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke onwe iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a na nkwado mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, <ref name="EchoBioScience"/> nke mbụ na India, ma mesịa n'ụwa niile. <ref name="ECHO_RM">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-19|title=An 'EChO Network' for cross-disciplinary leadership in India|url=https://researchmatters.in/news/echo-network-cross-disciplinary-leadership-india|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=Research Matters}}</ref> Onye isi ndụmọdụ sayensị nke Gọọmentị India, K. VijayRaghavan, malitere netwọk ahụ na 19 Disemba 2019, ya na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation, Hindustan Unilever Limited, RoundGlass Foundation, India Climate Collaborative, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), na Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP) dị ka ndị mmekọ ntọala.<ref name="ECHO_RM" /> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, netwọk echo nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 2100 na-agafe mba 45.<ref name=":0" /> Olsson kwuru na "Ebumnuche nke netwọk echo bụ ịmepụta usoro maka òtù na ndị mmadụ si na ngalaba dị iche iche iji rụọ ọrụ ọnụ yana agụmakwụkwọ ma jiri sayensị na teknụzụ mepụta obodo ndị na-adịgide adịgide. "<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara Olsson dị ka "Onye nnọchi anya sayensị pụrụ iche na India" na Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) na mmekọrịta chiri anya na Innovation Centre Denmark na India (n'okpuru nkwado nke MFA Denmark na Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark) ). Nke a na-akwado Novo Nordisk Foundation.<ref name="NNF"/> Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Adaptation for Resilient Incomes (ECOBARI), na Biodiversity Collaborative . <ref name="ECOBARI">{{Cite web|author=D'Souza|first=Marcella|title=ECOBARI – Upscaling Ecosystem Restoration Through Collective Action|url=https://wotr.org/2022/02/23/ecobari-upscaling-ecosystem-restoration-through-collective-action/|work=WOTR|date=23 February 2022|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="BC">{{Cite news|author=Bawa|first=Kamal|title=India can become a biodiversity champion|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/india-can-become-a-biodiversity-champion/article66541444.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2023-02-23}}</ref><ref name="BC2">{{Cite journal|author=Bawa|first=Kamal|title=Envisioning a biodiversity science for sustaining human well-being|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|date=2020-09-30|volume=117|issue=42|pages=25951–25955|doi=10.1073/pnas.2018436117|pmid=32999073}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, o guzobere Citizen Science for Biodiversity (CitSci India), ma soro ha hazie nzukọ ha kwa afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://citsci-india.org/|accessdate=2023-05-22|work=Citizen Science India|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="CitSci">{{Cite news|author=Menon|first=Rashmi|title=How inclusive is citizen science in India?|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/smart-living/environment/how-inclusive-is-citizen-science-in-india-111631260777683.html|accessdate=24 April 2023|publisher=Live Mint|date=2021-09-10}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ ("Guru") maka Future Climate Leaders Programme ma nọrọ na kọmitii ndụmọdụ maka Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad (RICH). <ref name="FCL">{{Cite web|title=Our Gurus|url=https://www.futureclimateleaders.org/gurus.php|work=Future Climate Leaders|publisher=FCL|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="FCL2">{{Cite web|title=TERI and Evergreen Story launch Future Climate Leaders program to engage schoolchildren in climate action measures|url=https://www.teriin.org/press-release/teri-and-evergreen-story-launch-future-climate-leaders-program-engage-schoolchildren|work=The Energy and Research Institute|publisher=TERI|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="RICH">{{Cite web|title=Advisory Committee|url=https://rich.telangana.gov.in/advisory-committee.html|work=Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad (RICH)|publisher=RICH|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> \ === Ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha === Olsson ekwuola okwu ihu ọha maka TEDx.<ref name="TEDxChennai">{{Cite web|title=Connecting with tiny insect brains through virtual reality|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/dr_shannon_olsson_connecting_with_tiny_brains_through_virtual_reality_jan_2018?language=en|work=TED|publisher=TEDxChennai|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2018-03-11}}</ref><ref name="TEDxAU">{{Cite web|title=Empathic Science: How we're more connected to nature than we think|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/shannon_olsson_empathic_science_how_we_re_more_connected_to_nature_than_we_think/details|work=TED|publisher=TEDxAshokaUniversity|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2017-09-07}}</ref><ref name="TEDxMAIS">{{Cite web|title=Theme: Do you see what I see?|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/17525|work=TED|publisher=TEDxMAIS|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2015-12-06}}</ref> Ọrụ ya apụtawokwa na Science Gallery Dublin, Ireland, The Victoria and Albert Museum na London, UK, na Ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ (India) Science Express train.<ref name="Science Gallery Dublin">{{Cite web|title=Insect VR|url=https://dublin.sciencegallery.com/field-test-exhibits/insect-vr|work=Science Gallery Dublin|date=8 September 2020|publisher=Science Gallery|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="V&A">{{Cite news|author=Deepika|first=K.C.|title=A non-flower, but just as bright for insects|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/a-non-flower-but-just-as-bright-for-insects/article27893961.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rao|first=Mohit M.|title=NCBS, ATREE travel with Science Express|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/ncbs-atree-travel-with-science-express/article7953641.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2015-12-06}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, o kwuru okwu na Nzukọ Nobel nke iri ise na itoolu.<ref name="Nobel Conference">{{Cite web|title=Shannon Olsson Nobel Conference 59|url=https://gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2023/speakers/olsson.php|work=Gustavus Adolphus College|publisher=Nobel Conference}}</ref> == Onyinye na mmata == Maka ọrụ sayensị ya, e nyela Olsson United Nations Pinning for Research Excellence site na Ghandian Scholars <ref name="Ghandian">{{Cite news|title=IIIM organizes interaction session between Scientists, Gandhian scholars|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/iiim-organizes-interaction-session-between-scientists-gandhian-scholars/|accessdate=23 April 2023|publisher=Daily Excelsior|date=2015-03-12}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa Ramanujan Fellow. Nnyocha Olsson gosipụtara site na CNN, Nature (akwụkwọ akụkọ) , Science (akwụkwọ akụkọ, <ref name="CNN"/> Inverse (weebụsaịtị), <ref name="Nature"/> Haaretz, [4] USA Today, <ref name="Science"/> Chemical and Engineering News, [4] The Conversation (weebụbaịtị), [4] na The Hindu, [4] n'etiti ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Sciencetwo">{{Cite journal|author=Vignieri|first=Sacha|date=2020-09-04|title=Air pollution is bad for bees|journal=Science|volume=369|issue=6508|pages=1204–1205|doi=10.1126/science.2020.369.6508.twil}}</ref><ref name="Inverse">{{Cite web|author=Sarah|first=Wells|date=2020-05-18|title=These insects are annoying, but they might just save your life|url=https://www.inverse.com/innovation/vr-environment-for-flies|accessdate=2023-04-23|work=Inverse}}</ref><ref name="Haaretz">{{Cite news|author=Schuster|first=Ruth|date=2020-05-21|title=Scientists Just Figured Out Why It's So Hard to Swat a Fruit Fly|publisher=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/2020-05-21/ty-article/.premium/scientists-just-figured-out-why-its-so-hard-to-swat-a-fruit-fly/0000017f-ef01-ddba-a37f-ef6fe6590000|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="USA Today">{{Cite news|author=Rice|first=Dole|date=2020-08-14|title=Air pollution harms honey bees too, study finds: Dirty air could kill 80% of bees in India|publisher=USA Today|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/08/14/air-pollution-asian-honey-bees-harmful-study/3374325001/|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="CEN"/><ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Barbara|date=2020-08-10|title=Air pollution could be making honey bees sick – new study|url=https://theconversation.com/air-pollution-could-be-making-honey-bees-sick-new-study-144155|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Conversation}}</ref><ref name="coffee2"/> A kpọrọ Olsson onye INK Fellow na 2016. <ref name="INK">{{Cite web|title=INK Fellows 2016|url=https://inktalks.com/ink-fellows-2016/|work=INK Talks|publisher=INK|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> N'ihi mgbalị ya na nkwado, a matara Olsson dị ka otu n'ime "Ndị inyom 75 na STEAM na India".<ref name="75women">{{Cite web|author=PSA|first=Content Desk|date=2022-03-08|title=She Is: 75 Indian Women in STEAM|url=https://www.psa.gov.in/article/she-75-indian-women-steam/3628|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India|publisher=Government of India}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qcaqounb972l5ixfisimavaj1dejah8 688444 688443 2026-07-19T16:20:11Z Nachi kim 20090 688444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Shannon Olsson - 1.png|thumb|Shannon Olsson]] '''Shannon B. Olsson''' (onye amụrụ na Bice, <ref name="Birth">{{Cite news|author=Parish|first=Grace|date=27 July 1977|title=Baby Girl Born to Joyce and Norman Bice|page=22|publisher=Tribune Press|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=trp19770727-01.1.22|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> 18 Julaị 1977) bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na kemịkalụ gburugburu ebe obibi <ref name="Nature">{{Cite journal|author=Lemming|first=Jack|title=This ecologist uses fake flowers to study India's insects|journal=Nature|date=13 December 2022|volume=612|issue=582|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-04427-4|pmid=36510016}}</ref> na nkwado, <ref name="ET Insights">{{Cite web|author=Nair|first=Queenie|title=The Global Director of The Echo Network discusses the future of sustainability in India and globally|url=https://etinsights.et-edge.com/a-fresh-approach-or-an-indian-model-of-sustainability-is-the-future/|work=ET Insights|date=12 January 2023|publisher=Economic Times|accessdate=24 April 2023|archivedate=24 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424073248/https://etinsights.et-edge.com/a-fresh-approach-or-an-indian-model-of-sustainability-is-the-future/}}</ref> ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi nke India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Elizabeth|first=Shilpa|date=3 August 2023|title='Sustainability is not just about reduction of consumption, but also about uplifting those in the bottom of the pyramid'|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/sustainability-is-not-just-about-reduction-of-consumption-but-also-about-uplifting-those-in-the-bottom-of-the-pyramid/article67150456.ece|accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> Olsson bụ onye nchọpụta na onye nduzi ụwa nke netwọk echo, netwọk "sayensị na ọha mmadụ" na-agafe mba 45.<ref name="EchoBioScience">{{Cite web|author=Krishnan|first=Anusha|title=The echo network – raising voices for a better future|url=https://indiabioscience.org/columns/indian-scenario/the-echo-network-raising-voices-for-a-better-future|work=India Bioscience|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2020-10-07}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi site na netwọk mba ụwa dị ka onye nnọchi anya sayensị pụrụ iche na India ya na Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) na mmekọrịta chiri anya na Innovation Centre Denmark na India (n'okpuru nkwado nke MFA Denmark na Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark) ). <ref name="NNF">{{Cite web|title=ATV will be a central focal point for Danish research's contribution to India's green transition|url=https://atv.dk/nyheder/nyhed/atv-bliver-centralt-omdrejningspunkt-dansk-forsknings-bidrag-til-indiens-groenne|work=Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber|date=24 January 2022|publisher=ATV|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> Ọ rụburu ọrụ dị ka onye ndu ọrụ na Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology na Jena, Germany, wee bụrụ onye otu ngalaba nke National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research na Bangalore, India. <ref name="iChem">{{Cite journal|author=Olsson|first=Shannon|title=Biosynthetic infochemical communication|journal=Bioinspiration & Biomimetics|date=2015-07-10|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1088/1748-3190/10/4/043001|pmid=26158233|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3190/10/4/043001/meta}}</ref><ref name="NCBS Join">{{Cite web|title=NCBS welcomes new faculty member – Shannon Olsson|url=https://news.ncbs.res.in/archivednews/story/ncbs-welcomes-new-faculty-member-shannon-olsson|work=NCBS News|publisher=National Centre for Biological Sciences|accessdate=23 April 2023|date=2014-06-09}}</ref> == Malite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ Olsson ka '''Shannon Bryn Bice''' nye Norman Allen Bice na Joyce Elaine Parish na De Peyster, New York.<ref name="Birth"/> Olsson gụrụ akwụkwọ na Heuvelton Central Skọlụ dị na Heuvelton, New York.<ref name="HCS Alumni">{{Cite web|author=Herron|first=Tessa|title=HCS Alumni Newletter|url=https://issuu.com/therron1/docs/hcs_alumni_newsletter_spring_2017_-|work=issuu.com|accessdate=23 April 2023|date=2017-08-11|archivedate=2023-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423122936/https://issuu.com/therron1/docs/hcs_alumni_newsletter_spring_2017_-}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu gụọ akwụkwọ na kọleji Nazaret (New York) ebe o nwetara nzere Bachelọ nke Sayensị na kemistri yana Agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị sayensị na 1999.<ref name="Naz Fulbright">{{Cite web|title=Student Fulbright Scholars|url=https://www2.naz.edu/academics/fulbright/student-fulbright-scholars/|work=Nazareth College|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> E nyere Olsson PhD na 2005 na ngalaba Neurobiology na Akparamàgwà na Mahadum Cornell <ref name="Thesis">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=Cornell University|title=The scent of speciation – The chemosensory basis for behavioral divergence involved in sympatric host shifts|first=Shannon Bryn|last=Olsson|year=2005|url=https://catalog.library.cornell.edu/catalog/5867959}}</ref>. nwere ọkachamara na Chemical Ecology n'okpuru nlekọta nke Prọfesọ Thomas Eisner na Wendell L. Roelofs. ''Rhagoletis pomonella''.<ref name="Thesis" /> E nyere ya onyinye "Distinguished Alumni Award" site na Heuvelton Central Skọlụ, <ref name="HCS Alumni" /> "Graduate of the Last Decade" site na kọleji Nazareth <ref name="GOLD">{{cite magazine |last1=Geib |first1=Alan |title=Shannon Bice Olsson Receives GOLD Award |date=2010-03-21 |publisher=Nazareth College |location=Rochester NY, US |page=32 |edition=Vol. 22, No. 2 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/31170976/connections-spring-2010-nazareth-college |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>, na nnyocha oge okpomọkụ ya na Clarkson University na Prọfesọ Yuzhuo Li e gosipụtara na United States Capitol maka Council on Undergraduate Research "Posters on the Hill" ihe omume.<ref name="Clarkson">{{Cite web|title=Clarkson Prof And Mentor From De Peyster Present Research At U.S. Capitol Tomorrow|url=https://www.clarkson.edu/news/clarkson-prof-and-mentor-de-peyster-present-research-us-capitol-tomorrow|work=Clarkson|publisher=Clarkson University|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428234551/https://www.clarkson.edu/news/clarkson-prof-and-mentor-de-peyster-present-research-us-capitol-tomorrow|accessdate=23 April 2023|archivedate=28 April 2023}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum, E nyere Olsson onyinye Fulbright Mmekọrịta nye Mahadum Lund. <ref name="Pachnoda 1">{{Cite journal|author=Stensmyr|first=Marcus C.|title=Detection of fruit- and flower-emitted volatiles by olfactory receptor neurons in the polyphagous fruit chafer Pachnoda marginata (Coleoptera: Cetoniinae)|journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology A|date=2001-09-01|volume=187|issue=7|pages=509–519|doi=10.1007/s003590100222|pmid=11730298|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003590100222|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="Pachnoda 2">{{Cite journal|author=Larsson|first=Mattias C.|title=Attractiveness of Fruit and Flower Odorants Detected by Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Fruit Chafer Pachnoda marginata|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2003-05-01|volume=29|issue=5|pages=1253–1268|doi=10.1023/A:1023893926038|pmid=12857034|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1023893926038}}</ref> n'okpuru Bill Hansson.<ref name="Naz Fulbright" /><ref name="GOLD" /> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cornell, ma n'afọ 2006–2007 mee nnyocha postdoctoral na mahadum ahụ na University of California, Los Angeles<ref name="UCLA">{{Cite web|title=Shannon Olsson|url=http://zimmerlab.biology.ucla.edu/solsson/index.html|work=Zimmer Lab|publisher=UCLA|accessdate=23 April 2023|archivedate=23 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423132948/http://zimmerlab.biology.ucla.edu/solsson/index.html}}</ref> na gburugburu ebe obibi kemịkalụ nke invertebrates mmiri na California kelp forests. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2007, ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya dị ka onye ndu ọrụ maka mmemme EU "Biosynthetic Infochemical Communication" <ref name="iChem EU">{{Cite web|title=Biosynthetic Info-chemical Communication|url=https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/032275|work=CORDIS|publisher=European Commission|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> na Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology na Jena, Germany. <ref name="iChem"/> N'afọ 2014, Olsson sonyeere ngalaba nke National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS) na Tata Institute of Fundamental Research na Bangalore, India, na-akwalite kemịkal gburugburu ebe obibi gafee usoro okike India. <ref name="NCBS Join"/> <ref name="Hindu NER Grant">{{Cite news|author=Rao|first=Mohit|title=Rs. 25-cr. grant to study if flowers talk to each other|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/rs-25crore-grant-to-study-if-flowers-talk-to-each-other/article7142295.ece|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2015-04-26}}</ref><ref name="collaborations in CE">{{Cite web|author=Bharath|first=Harini|title=Fostering collaborations and creating a roadmap for Indian chemical ecology|url=https://indiabioscience.org/news/2016/fostering-collaborations-and-creating-a-roadmap-for-indian-chemical-ecology|work=India Bioscience|accessdate=23 April 2023|date=2016-04-26}}</ref> Na NCBS, Olsson malitekwara otu Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology (NICE), nke jikọtara usoro okike na ngwaọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ sitere na kemịkal, molecular biology, ecology, na neuroscience iji nyochaa otu ihe ndị dị ndụ si eji kemịkal iji soro ibe ha na-emekọrịta ihe ma mata ihe ndị dị mkpa na gburugburu ha.<ref name="Naturalism">{{Cite news|author=Saldanha|first=Dahlia|date=2016-07-18|title=Dr Shannon Olsson: naturalism, chemistry and neuroscience|publisher=Biotechin.Asia|url=https://biotechinasia.wordpress.com/2016/07/18/dr-shannon-olsson-naturalism-chemistry-and-neuroscience/|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> Nnyocha Olsson ekwuola maka isiokwu ndị dị ka gụnyere nkwurịta okwu kemịkal na Indian antelope blackbuck <ref name="Blackbuck">{{Cite journal|author=Nair|first=Jyothi V.|title=An optimized protocol for large-scale in situ sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2018-05-18|volume=8|issue=11|pages=5924–5936|doi=10.1002/ece3.4138}}</ref> ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ebe obibi na ubi kọfị India, <ref name="coffee">{{Cite journal|author=Rajus|first=Santosh|title=Behavioral Ecology of the Coffee White Stem Borer: Toward Ecology-Based Pest Management of India's Coffee Plantations|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution|date=2021-02-09|volume=9|doi=10.3389/fevo.2021.607555}}</ref> <ref name="coffee2">{{Cite news|author=Desikan|first=Shubashree|title=Knowing the ways of the coffee white stem borer|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/knowing-the-ways-of-the-coffee-white-stem-borer/article35247915.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2021-07-10}}</ref> mmetụta nke mmetọ ikuku na anụ ọhịa anyị na ụmụ ahụhụ, <ref name="air pollution">{{Cite journal|author=Thimmegowda|first=Geetha G.|title=A field-based quantitative analysis of sublethal effects of air pollution on pollinators|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|date=2020-08-10|volume=117|issue=34|pages=20653–20661|doi=10.1073/pnas.2009074117|pmid=32778582}}</ref> <ref name="Science">{{Cite journal|author=Bharath|first=Harini|title='Its body looked like a warzone.' Air pollution could kill off critical honey bees in India|journal=Science|date=2020-08-10|issue=Science News|doi=10.1126/science.abe2623|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/its-body-looked-warzone-air-pollution-could-kill-critical-honey-bees-india|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref> mmetụta nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi anyị na [[Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi]], <ref name="Nature"/> <ref name="hoverflies">{{Cite journal|author=Nordström|first=Karin|title=In situ modeling of multimodal floral cues attracting wild pollinators across environments|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|date=2017-11-07|volume=114|issue=50|pages=13218–13223|doi=10.1073/pnas.1714414114|pmid=29180408}}</ref> <ref name="CEN">{{Cite journal|author=Katsnelson|first=Alla|title=Decoding how insects use visual and chemical cues to find food|journal=Chemical and Engineering News|date=2018-06-18|volume=96|issue=27|pages=785–787|doi=10.1021/acscentsci.8b00367|pmid=30062105|url=https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/chemical-communication/Decoding-insects-use-visual-chemical/96/i27}}</ref> nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ejikọta COVID-19 na uto na mmetụta, [5] [6] [7] na ọgbọ egwuregwu nke eziokwu dị iche iche maka ụmụ ahụhụ.<ref name="COVID">{{Cite journal|author=Parma|first=Valentina|title=More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthes|journal=Chemical Senses|date=2020-06-20|volume=45|issue=7|pages=609–622|doi=10.1093/chemse/bjaa041|pmid=32564071|url=https://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/45/7/609/5860460|accessdate=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="COVID2">{{Cite news|author=Fernandez|first=Snehal|title=Indian researchers set to study Covid-19 link with loss of smell, taste|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/indian-researchers-set-to-study-covid-19-link-with-loss-of-smell-taste/story-UBaUT7sf8VgYuoz9t2WeJM.html|accessdate=24 April 2023|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref name="VR">{{Cite journal|author=Kaushik|first=Pavan Kumar|date=2020-05-18|title=Characterizing long-range search behavior in Diptera using complex 3D virtual environments|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|volume=117|issue=22|pages=12201–12207|doi=10.1073/pnas.1912124117|pmid=32424090}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Cite news|author=Hunt|first=Katie|title=Scientists create video game to unlock how flies navigate|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/18/world/insects-virtual-reality-study-scn/index.html|accessdate=23 April 2023|publisher=CNN|date=2020-05-18}}</ref> === netwọk echo === N'afọ 2019, Olsson guzobere [[The echo network|netwọk echo]], <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=the echo network|url=https://www.echonetwork.in|work=the echo network|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke onwe iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a na nkwado mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, <ref name="EchoBioScience"/> nke mbụ na India, ma mesịa n'ụwa niile. <ref name="ECHO_RM">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-19|title=An 'EChO Network' for cross-disciplinary leadership in India|url=https://researchmatters.in/news/echo-network-cross-disciplinary-leadership-india|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=Research Matters}}</ref> Onye isi ndụmọdụ sayensị nke Gọọmentị India, K. VijayRaghavan, malitere netwọk ahụ na 19 Disemba 2019, ya na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation, Hindustan Unilever Limited, RoundGlass Foundation, India Climate Collaborative, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), na Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP) dị ka ndị mmekọ ntọala.<ref name="ECHO_RM" /> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, netwọk echo nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 2100 na-agafe mba 45.<ref name=":0" /> Olsson kwuru na "Ebumnuche nke netwọk echo bụ ịmepụta usoro maka òtù na ndị mmadụ si na ngalaba dị iche iche iji rụọ ọrụ ọnụ yana agụmakwụkwọ ma jiri sayensị na teknụzụ mepụta obodo ndị na-adịgide adịgide. "<ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara Olsson dị ka "Onye nnọchi anya sayensị pụrụ iche na India" na Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) na mmekọrịta chiri anya na Innovation Centre Denmark na India (n'okpuru nkwado nke MFA Denmark na Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark) ). Nke a na-akwado Novo Nordisk Foundation.<ref name="NNF"/> Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Adaptation for Resilient Incomes (ECOBARI), na Biodiversity Collaborative . <ref name="ECOBARI">{{Cite web|author=D'Souza|first=Marcella|title=ECOBARI – Upscaling Ecosystem Restoration Through Collective Action|url=https://wotr.org/2022/02/23/ecobari-upscaling-ecosystem-restoration-through-collective-action/|work=WOTR|date=23 February 2022|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="BC">{{Cite news|author=Bawa|first=Kamal|title=India can become a biodiversity champion|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/india-can-become-a-biodiversity-champion/article66541444.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2023-02-23}}</ref><ref name="BC2">{{Cite journal|author=Bawa|first=Kamal|title=Envisioning a biodiversity science for sustaining human well-being|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|date=2020-09-30|volume=117|issue=42|pages=25951–25955|doi=10.1073/pnas.2018436117|pmid=32999073}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, o guzobere Citizen Science for Biodiversity (CitSci India), ma soro ha hazie nzukọ ha kwa afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://citsci-india.org/|accessdate=2023-05-22|work=Citizen Science India|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="CitSci">{{Cite news|author=Menon|first=Rashmi|title=How inclusive is citizen science in India?|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/smart-living/environment/how-inclusive-is-citizen-science-in-india-111631260777683.html|accessdate=24 April 2023|publisher=Live Mint|date=2021-09-10}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ ("Guru") maka Future Climate Leaders Programme ma nọrọ na kọmitii ndụmọdụ maka Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad (RICH). <ref name="FCL">{{Cite web|title=Our Gurus|url=https://www.futureclimateleaders.org/gurus.php|work=Future Climate Leaders|publisher=FCL|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="FCL2">{{Cite web|title=TERI and Evergreen Story launch Future Climate Leaders program to engage schoolchildren in climate action measures|url=https://www.teriin.org/press-release/teri-and-evergreen-story-launch-future-climate-leaders-program-engage-schoolchildren|work=The Energy and Research Institute|publisher=TERI|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="RICH">{{Cite web|title=Advisory Committee|url=https://rich.telangana.gov.in/advisory-committee.html|work=Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad (RICH)|publisher=RICH|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> \ === Ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha === Olsson ekwuola okwu ihu ọha maka TEDx.<ref name="TEDxChennai">{{Cite web|title=Connecting with tiny insect brains through virtual reality|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/dr_shannon_olsson_connecting_with_tiny_brains_through_virtual_reality_jan_2018?language=en|work=TED|publisher=TEDxChennai|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2018-03-11}}</ref><ref name="TEDxAU">{{Cite web|title=Empathic Science: How we're more connected to nature than we think|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/shannon_olsson_empathic_science_how_we_re_more_connected_to_nature_than_we_think/details|work=TED|publisher=TEDxAshokaUniversity|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2017-09-07}}</ref><ref name="TEDxMAIS">{{Cite web|title=Theme: Do you see what I see?|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/17525|work=TED|publisher=TEDxMAIS|accessdate=24 April 2023|date=2015-12-06}}</ref> Ọrụ ya apụtawokwa na Science Gallery Dublin, Ireland, The Victoria and Albert Museum na London, UK, na Ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ (India) Science Express train.<ref name="Science Gallery Dublin">{{Cite web|title=Insect VR|url=https://dublin.sciencegallery.com/field-test-exhibits/insect-vr|work=Science Gallery Dublin|date=8 September 2020|publisher=Science Gallery|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="V&A">{{Cite news|author=Deepika|first=K.C.|title=A non-flower, but just as bright for insects|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/a-non-flower-but-just-as-bright-for-insects/article27893961.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rao|first=Mohit M.|title=NCBS, ATREE travel with Science Express|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/ncbs-atree-travel-with-science-express/article7953641.ece|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Hindu|date=2015-12-06}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, o kwuru okwu na Nzukọ Nobel nke iri ise na itoolu.<ref name="Nobel Conference">{{Cite web|title=Shannon Olsson Nobel Conference 59|url=https://gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2023/speakers/olsson.php|work=Gustavus Adolphus College|publisher=Nobel Conference}}</ref> == Onyinye na mmata == Maka ọrụ sayensị ya, e nyela Olsson United Nations Pinning for Research Excellence site na Ghandian Scholars <ref name="Ghandian">{{Cite news|title=IIIM organizes interaction session between Scientists, Gandhian scholars|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/iiim-organizes-interaction-session-between-scientists-gandhian-scholars/|accessdate=23 April 2023|publisher=Daily Excelsior|date=2015-03-12}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa Ramanujan Fellow. Nnyocha Olsson gosipụtara site na CNN, Nature (akwụkwọ akụkọ) , Science (akwụkwọ akụkọ, <ref name="CNN"/> Inverse (weebụsaịtị), <ref name="Nature"/> Haaretz, [4] USA Today, <ref name="Science"/> Chemical and Engineering News, [4] The Conversation (weebụbaịtị), [4] na The Hindu, [4] n'etiti ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Sciencetwo">{{Cite journal|author=Vignieri|first=Sacha|date=2020-09-04|title=Air pollution is bad for bees|journal=Science|volume=369|issue=6508|pages=1204–1205|doi=10.1126/science.2020.369.6508.twil}}</ref><ref name="Inverse">{{Cite web|author=Sarah|first=Wells|date=2020-05-18|title=These insects are annoying, but they might just save your life|url=https://www.inverse.com/innovation/vr-environment-for-flies|accessdate=2023-04-23|work=Inverse}}</ref><ref name="Haaretz">{{Cite news|author=Schuster|first=Ruth|date=2020-05-21|title=Scientists Just Figured Out Why It's So Hard to Swat a Fruit Fly|publisher=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/2020-05-21/ty-article/.premium/scientists-just-figured-out-why-its-so-hard-to-swat-a-fruit-fly/0000017f-ef01-ddba-a37f-ef6fe6590000|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="USA Today">{{Cite news|author=Rice|first=Dole|date=2020-08-14|title=Air pollution harms honey bees too, study finds: Dirty air could kill 80% of bees in India|publisher=USA Today|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/08/14/air-pollution-asian-honey-bees-harmful-study/3374325001/|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="CEN"/><ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Barbara|date=2020-08-10|title=Air pollution could be making honey bees sick – new study|url=https://theconversation.com/air-pollution-could-be-making-honey-bees-sick-new-study-144155|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=The Conversation}}</ref><ref name="coffee2"/> A kpọrọ Olsson onye INK Fellow na 2016. <ref name="INK">{{Cite web|title=INK Fellows 2016|url=https://inktalks.com/ink-fellows-2016/|work=INK Talks|publisher=INK|accessdate=24 April 2023}}</ref> N'ihi mgbalị ya na nkwado, a matara Olsson dị ka otu n'ime "Ndị inyom 75 na STEAM na India".<ref name="75women">{{Cite web|author=PSA|first=Content Desk|date=2022-03-08|title=She Is: 75 Indian Women in STEAM|url=https://www.psa.gov.in/article/she-75-indian-women-steam/3628|accessdate=24 April 2023|work=Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India|publisher=Government of India}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tmfuah77mwqfkj9y31q0zx20y6k30tz 0 77694 688477 675132 2026-07-20T10:13:29Z King ChristLike 13051 /* Isi mmalite */ improved 688477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osimiri Chinko''' (ma ọ bụ '''Osimiri Shinko''') bụ osimiri nke [[Central African Republic]]. Ọ bụ akụkụ aka nri nke [[Osimiri Mbomou]]. ==Gburugburu Ebe Obibi== Oke elu nke osimiri Chinko na-akọwa ókè dị n'etiti mpaghara [[Haute-Kotto]] na [[Haut-Mbomou]]. Ruo ọtụtụ ogologo ya, ọ na-asọfe n'ụzọ SSW site na mpaghara [[Mbomou]] ruo mgbe ọ na-ejikọta ya na [[Osimiri Mbomou]].{{sfn|Relation: Chinko (3249708)}} Ala Mbomu dị larịị nwere elu nke {{convert|500|-|700|m}}, nke gbagọrọ ntakịrị gaa na ndịda, n'elu ugwu Asande dị n'etiti ọdịda mmiri [[Ọdọ Mmiri Chad]] dị n'ebe ugwu na [[Congo Basin]] dị n'ebe ndịda.{{sfn|Runge|2013|p=70}} [[Chinko Nature Reserve]] bụ ebe echekwara n'ime ọdọ mmiri Chinko. Ọ na-ekpuchi {{convert|17600|km2}}.{{sfn|Woods|2016}} Òtù nchekwa mba ofesi [[African Parks]] na-achịkwa ya dịka akụkụ nke [[mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nkeonwe]] na Ministri nke Mmiri, Oke ọhịa, Ịchụ nta na Ịkụ Azụ.{{sfn|African Parks takes over management ...}}{{sfn|Woods|2016}} A hụla [[nkịta ọhịa Afrịka]] n'ebe ndịda nke CAR na Chinko/[[Osimiri Mbari|Mbari]] [[drainage basin]] na 2013.{{sfn|Hickisch|Aebischer|2013|p=8-11}} Dabere na nnyocha e mere n'oge gara aga nke The Wilderness Project mere na mbido afọ 2026, a na-ewere Chinko dị ka otu n'ime ebe mmiri kacha dị ọcha n'Africa. ==Akụkọ ihe mere eme== N'ihe dị ka afọ 1800, Kassanga, onye ndu Bandia, hiwere alaeze na ndagwurugwu Shinko, nke e mechara kpọọ alaeze Rafai.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=lii}} Kassanga bụ nna nna ochie nke [[Sultan Rafai]].{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=365}} E kenyere onye uwe ojii Belgium bụ́ Charles Kéthule de Ryove (1865–1903) ọrụ njem Upper Uele n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1891. Na Maachị 1892, ọ nyochachara mpaghara dị n'etiti osimiri Mbomou na Shinko. O zutere Sultan Rafai, onye kwupụtara na ya na-akwado Congo Free State. Kéthule de Ryove bi n'obí Rafai site na 1892 ruo 1894.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=367}} O dere n'otu akụkọ n'afọ 1895 ''Le sultanat de Rafaï'' (''Le Congo illustré'') na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile bi ebe ahụ nwere ike ịsụ asụsụ Arabik, gụnyere sultan, ndị isi na ndị agha.{{sfn|Luffin|2004|p=151}} N'afọ 1894, onye Belgium [[Léon Hanolet]] rịgoro [[Osimiri Mbari]], bụ́ otu mmiri ọzọ dị na Bomu, ebe [[Théodore Nilis]] rịgoro Osimiri Chinko.{{sfn|Ergo|2013|p=2}} ==Ihe ndetu== {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} ==Edensibia== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://africageographic.com/blog/african-parks-takes-over-management-of-protected-area-in-central-african-republic/|access-date=12 September 2017 |title=African Parks takes over management of protected area in Central African Republic |ref={{harvid|African Parks takes over management ...}} |date=12 December 2014 |website=Africa Geographic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401073145/http://africageographic.com/blog/african-parks-takes-over-management-of-protected-area-in-central-african-republic/|archive-date=2015-04-01|url-status=live}} *{{citation |last1=Bradshaw|first1=Richard|last2=Fandos-Rius|first2=Juan|title=Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSxIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |access-date=29 August 2020|date=27 May 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0-8108-7992-8}} *{{citation |url=http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |access-date=2020-08-27 |chapter=Les postes fortifiés de la frontière Nord de l’État Indépendant du Congo |last=Ergo |first=André-Bernard |title=Histoire du Congo |year=2013 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525123939/http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |last1=Hickisch |first1=R. |last2=Aebischer |first2=T. |year=2013 |title=Evidence of African wild dogs in the Central African Republic |journal=Canid Biology and Conservation |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=8–11 |url=http://www.canids.org/CBC/16/wild_dogs_in_CAR.pdf}} *{{citation |url=https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/15/15Luffin.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418132049/http://org.uib.no/smi/sa/15/15Luffin.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=2020-08-27 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=15 |year=2004 |pages=145-177 |last=Luffin|first=Xavier|title=The Use Of Arabic As A Written Language In Central Africa The Case Of The Uele Basin (Northern Congo) In The Late Nineteenth Century}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3249708 |access-date=2020-08-29 |title=Relation: Chinko (3249708) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Chinko (3249708)}} }} *{{citation |last=Runge|first=Juergen|title=New Studies on Former and Recent Landscape Changes in Africa: Palaeoecology of Africa 32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FToTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |access-date=29 August 2020|date=15 November 2013|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-138-00116-9}} *{{citation |archive-date=2017-08-08|url-status=live |last1=Woods|first1=Elliott D.|title=The Fight for Chinko|journal=[[Virginia Quarterly Review]]|date=Summer 2016|url=http://www.vqronline.org/reporting-articles/2016/07/fight-chinko |access-date=12 September 2017|publisher=[[University of Virginia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808093648/http://www.vqronline.org/reporting-articles/2016/07/fight-chinko}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} tn7s776nwshbg8wf41vjysolmwps1vj 0 77997 688462 688422 2026-07-19T16:57:14Z King ChristLike 13051 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Specialyvonne|Specialyvonne]] ([[User talk:Specialyvonne|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Quinlan83|Quinlan83]] 688419 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Mgbukpọ ndị na-emegide [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbo]] n: afọ 1966''' bụ usoro ogbugbu na ogbugbu ndị e mere megide ndị Igbo - na ndị ọzọ si n'ebe ndịda Naijiria na-ebi n'ebe [[Ógbè Ebe Ugwu, Naịjirịa|ugwu Naịjirịa]], malite na Mee afọ 1966 wee ruo n'ókè ya mgbe 29 Septemba afọ 1966. <ref name="Last-2005">{{Cite journal|author=Last|first=Murray|title=Poison and Medicine: Ethnicity, Power and Violence in a Nigerian City, 1966–1986 by Douglas A. Anthony Review by: Murray Last|journal=The Royal African Society|date=October 2005|volume=104|issue=417|pages=710–711}}</ref> E mere atụma'''Testo in grassetto'''tụ na e gburu [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbos]] na ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ dị n'agbata puku asatọ na puku iri atọ. Otu nde ndị Igbos ọzọ gbapụrụ na mpaghara ugwu gaa n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. N'ịzaghachi ogbugbu ahụ, e gburu ụfọdụ ndị ugwu na Port Harcourt na obodo ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa.<ref name="civil war">{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/23.htm|title=Civil War|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=1991|work=countrystudies.us|publisher=Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress|accessdate=November 21, 2019|quote=The estimated number of deaths ranged as high as 30,000. More than 1 million Igbo returned to the Eastern Region. In retaliation, some northerners were massacred in Port Harcourt and other eastern cities, and a counterexodus of non-Igbo was under way.}}</ref> Ihe omume ndị a dugara na nkewa nke mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria na nkwupụta [[Bịafra|Biafra]], nke mesịrị duga na [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naijiria]]. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ihe omume ndị a mere n'ihe gbasara nnupụisi ọchịchị ndị agha na mmalite nke Agha Obodo Naịjirịa. <ref name="Van Den Bersselaar-2011">{{Cite journal|author=Van Den Bersselaar|first=Dmitri|title=Douglas A. Anthony Poison and Medicine: ethnicity, power, and violence in a Nigerian city, 1966 to 1986. Oxford: James Currey|journal=Africa|date=3 March 2011|volume=74|issue=4|pages=711–713|doi=10.2307/3556867}}</ref> Onye bu ụzọ gbuo ndị mmadụ bụ nnupụisi ọchịchị nke Naijiria na Jenụwarị afọ 1966. <ref name="Post-1968">{{Cite journal|author=Post|first=K. W. J.|date=January 1968|title=Is There a Case for Biafra?|journal=International Affairs|volume=44|issue=1|pages=26–39|doi=10.2307/2613526}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị isi ndị agha nwụrụ n'ọchịchị ahụ bụ ndị ugwu n'ihi na ndị Northern bụ ndị ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na gọọmentị Naịjirịa, gụnyere Praịm Minista [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] na [[Ahmadu Bello]] Sardauna nke Sokoto.<ref name="Post-1968" /> Ndị isi ndị agha ndị ọzọ megidere nnupụisi ahụ. Onye ọrụ Igbo, [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] kwụsịrị nnupụisi ahụ na Lagos ebe onye ọrụ Igbo ọzọ, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Emeka Ojukwu]] kwụsịrị nnapụisi ahụ n'ebe ugwu. [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] weghaara ọchịchị, na-amanye gọọmentị ndị nkịtị ịhapụ ikike. O guzobere ọchịchị ndị agha nke ya onwe ya duziri dị ka onye isi ọchịagha.<ref name="Post-1968" /> N'ime ọnwa ndị sochiri nnupụisi ahụ, a chọpụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe na anọ n'ime ndị isi agha ise gburu nnupụisi ahụ bụ ndị Igbo nakwa na ọchịagha na-achịkwa ya bụkwa ndị Igbo. Ndị nke ugwu tụrụ egwu na ndị Igbo amalitela ịchịkwa mba ahụ. N'ime mmeghachi omume, ndị isi ndị ugwu mere nnupụisi nke Julaị afọ 1966 nke e gburu ndị agha narị abụọ na iri anọ nke ndịda n'ụzọ anọ n'ime ha bụ ndị Igbo, yana ọtụtụ puku ndị nkịtị sitere na ndịda bi n'ebe ugwu.<ref name="Nixon-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Nixon|first=Charles|date=July 1972|title=Self-Determination: The Nigeria/Biafra Case|journal=World Politics|volume=24|issue=4|pages=473–497|doi=10.2307/2010453}}</ref><ref name="Vickers-1970">{{Cite journal|author=Vickers|first=Michael|date=1970|title=Competition and Control in Modern Nigeria: Origins of the War with Biafra|journal=International Journal|volume=25|issue=3|doi=10.1177/002070207002500310}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, [[Yakubu Gowon]], Onye Ugwu Kraịst, weghaara ọchịchị ndị agha.<ref name="Nixon-1972" /> N'ihi nke a, mmụba nke esemokwu agbụrụ dugara na igbu ọchụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Post-1968" /> Mgbukpọ ahụ gbasara n'ebe ugwu ma ruo n'ókè na ụbọchị iri abụọ na iteghete ọnwa Mee, ụbọchị iri abụọ na iteghete ọnwa Julaị, na ịrị abụọ na iteghete ọnwa Septemba afọ 1966. Ka ọ na-erule oge pogrom ahụ kwụsịrị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Igbos niile nọ n'ebe ugwu anwụọla, na-ezo n'etiti ndị ugwu nwere ọmịiko ma ọ bụ na-aga mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ. [[Nigerian Army|Ndị agha Naijiria]] duziri ogbugbu ahụ ma megharịa ya n'obodo dị iche iche dị n'ebe ugwu Naijiria. Ọ bụ ezie na Kọlọnel Gowon na-enye ndị ndịda Nigerians bi na Ugwu nkwa nchekwa, ebumnuche nke akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ndị agha Naijiria n'oge ahụ bụ mgbukpọ agbụrụ dị ka okwu agbụrụ a na-ahụkarị n'etiti agbụrụ Hausa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ewezuga ndị Ugwu Naịjirịa ole na ole (karịsịa ndị isi agha na-ekwenyeghị na ndị Igbo bụ ndị ajọ mmadụ), <ref name="Keil-1970">{{Cite journal|author=Keil|first=Charles|date=January 1970|title=The Price of Nigerian Victory|journal=Africa Today|volume=17|issue=1|pages=1–3}}</ref> a na-ewere ndị ọdịda na ndị ọnwụnwa anyanwụ Naijiria n'oge ahụ na Ugwu nke Naijiria dị ka Charles Keil si kọwaa:    Asọmpi agbụrụ n'ahịa nwekwara ike imetụta pogrom ahụ, ọkachasị mgbe nnupụisi mbụ gasịrị. Prọfesọ Murray Last, onye ọkà mmụta na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bi n'obodo Zaria n'oge ahụ, kọrọ ahụmahụ ya:<blockquote>N'ụbọchị sochiri nnupụisi ahụ - Jenụwarị 16th 1966 - e nwere ohere dị ukwuu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ABU nke na ọ wụrụ m akpata oyi n'ahụ. Ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe m bi n'ime obodo Zaria (na Babban Dodo), ka m zutere iwe n'ụzọ ndị ahịa Igbo (na ndị nta akụkọ) na-akwa ndị ahịa ibe ha na Sabon Gari nke Zaria maka ọnwụ nke 'nna' ha', ma na-akwapụ ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala dị iche iche n'ebe ndị ọzọ, na-agwa ndị Hausa na iwu niile agbanweela ugbu a ma ọ bụ ndị Hausa nọ n'okpuru ahịa. Ịnụrụ ndị Hausa na-agwa onwe ha n'abalị ọ bụla banyere mkparị ha nụrụ site n'aka ndị Igbos n'ụbọchị ahụ gosiri m n'ụzọ doro anya etu enyemaka mbụ na nnupụisi ahụ si ghọọ iwe. Ọ na-echegbu m obere n'oge ahụ (na-ebi n'enweghị nsogbu n'etiti obodo Zaria) mana amaghị m nke ọma na ọ gaghị atụ anya nnukwu ime ihe ike. Na m hụrụ mgbe e mesịrị mgbe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọnwa Eprel 1966, m nọ na Jalingo: n'ebe ahụ, n'otu ehihie Sọnde, a dọrọ m aka ná ntị ka igbu ọchụ ga-eme. A gwara m na m ga-ahapụ obodo ahụ tupu chi abọọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Olorunyomi|first=Ladi|date=November 22, 2021|title=INTERVIEW: Why every Nigerian should be proud of the Sokoto Caliphate — Prof Murray Last|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/496263-interview-why-every-nigerian-should-be-proud-of-the-sokoto-caliphate-prof-murray-last.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2023-03-31|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref></blockquote>Otú ọ dị, a na-elekwasịkwa anya na ndị Igbo na-achịkwa Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nnoli|first=Okwudiba|title=Ethnic Violence in Nigeria: A Historical Perspective|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/papers/nnoli_021003.pdf|work=Indiana.edu|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref> Ọtụtụ puku ndị Hausa, Tiv na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ugwu bụ ndị ndị Igbo gburu, na-amanye ọtụtụ ndị Ugwu ịpụ na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ.<ref name="Ojo">{{Cite book|author=Ojo|first=Bamidele A.|title=Problems and Prospects of Sustaining Democracy in Nigeria|date=2001|publisher=Nova Science|isbn=978-1-56072-949-5}}</ref> A wakporo ndị na-abụghị ndị Igbo nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ nọ n'ebe Ugwu n'ihi na enweghị ụzọ iji mee ka ha dị iche na ndị Igbos site na ọdịdị, bụ ndị a maara ha niile site na aha "''Yameri''" na Ugwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omaka|first=Arua|title=The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in The Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970|journal=Journal of Retracing Africa|date=17 February 2014|volume=1|issue=1|pages=25–40|url=https://encompass.eku.edu/jora/vol1/iss1/2/|accessdate=6 September 2021|issn=2168-0531}}</ref> Otu ihe kpatara ibu iro megide ndị ọdịda Naijiria n'ozuzu na ndị Igbo karịsịa bụ mgbalị nke ọchịchị Aguiyi Ironsi iji kpochapụ mpaghara maka usoro ọchịchị dị n'otu nke a na-ewere dị ka atụmatụ iji guzobe ọchịchị Igbo na Njikọ. Na 24 Mee afọ 1966 Ironsi nyere iwu otu, nke dugara na mgbawa nke mwakpo megide ndị Igbo na Ugwu Naijiria na ụbọchị 29 Mee afọ 1966. Ndị nta akụkọ Briten kwenyesiri ike n'otu n'oge ahụ na a haziri ogbugbu ndị a na 29 Mee ọ bụghị na mberede. A na-ahụkwa ọchịchị Ironsi ka ọ na-akwado ndị ọdịda Naijiria na nhọpụta ha n'ọkwá dị mkpa na gọọmentị, si otú a na-eme ka esemokwu agbụrụ dị elu.<ref name="Akinyemi-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Akinyemi|first=A.B.|date=October 1972|title=The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War|journal=African Affairs|volume=71|issue=285|pages=408–426|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282}}</ref> Enweghị ike nke ọchịchị Ironsi ịta ndị agha nnupụisi na-ahụ maka nnupụis nke Jenụwarị afọ 1966 mere ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="Nafziger-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Nafziger|first=Wayne|title=The Economic Impact of the Nigerian Civil War|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=July 1972|volume=10|issue=2|pages=223–245|doi=10.1017/s0022278x00022369}}</ref> Ọ bụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na nkwenye nke gọọmentị ime obodo mere pogrom ahụ na Mee afọ 1966.<ref name="McKenna-1969">{{Cite journal|author=McKenna|first=Joseph C.|date=1969|title=Elements of a Nigerian Peace|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=47|issue=4|pages=668–680|doi=10.2307/20039407}}</ref> A makwaara àgwà na-abụghị nke ọkachamara nke ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa ka ha gbakwunyere na esemokwu dị ugbu a. J.D.F. Jones, onye nnọchi anya Financial Times na 17 Jenụwarị afọ 1966 buru amụma na ndị Ugwu nwere ike "amalitere ịbọ ọbọ maka ọnwụ nke onye ndú ha Sardauna nke steeti Sokoto na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Igbo bi na Ugwu", nke ha na-emeghị n'oge ahụ. A katọrọ nke a dị ka ihe na-enweghị isi na maka onye nta akụkọ na-enweghị ọrụ, amụma na-emezu onwe ya nke ga-eduga ndị isi Ugwu ka ha chee na Financial Times nwere ozi ha na-amaghị, nakwa na ụwa tụrụ anya ka ugwu meghachi omume n'ụzọ a.<ref name="Akinyemi-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Akinyemi|first=A.B.|date=October 1972|title=The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War|journal=African Affairs|volume=71|issue=285|pages=408–426|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkinyemi1972">Akinyemi, A.B. (October 1972). </cite></ref> Ndị isi ugwu mechara mepụta usoro iji kpalie ime ihe ike dị ka akụkọ akụkọ e chepụtara echepụta nke e zigara na redio Cotonou ma mee ka ọrụ Hausa nke BBC kọwaa mwakpo ndị Ugwu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke, nke dugara na igbu ọchụ nke ndị Naijiria Ọwụwa anyanwụ na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na iteghete Septemba afọ 1966.<ref name="Abbott-2003">{{Cite journal|author=Abbott|first=Charles|title=Poison and Medicine: Ethnicity, Power, and Violence in a Nigerian City, 1966–86|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2003|volume=36|issue=1|pages=133–136|doi=10.2307/3559324}}</ref> Dị ka akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Briten si kwuo n'oge ahụ, e gburu ihe dị ka ndị Igbo puku iri atọ na Septemba afọ 1966, <ref name="Akinyemi-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Akinyemi|first=A.B.|date=October 1972|title=The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War|journal=African Affairs|volume=71|issue=285|pages=408–426|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkinyemi1972">Akinyemi, A.B. (October 1972). </cite></ref> ebe atụmatụ ndị ọzọ na-agbaso omenala na-etinye ndị nwụrụ na ala nke puku iri na ihe ruru puku iri atọ maka ọnwa Septemba naanị. Ogbugbu a gara n'ihu ruo na mbido Ọktọba ma ndị nkịtị na-eme ya mgbe ụfọdụ site n'enyemaka nke ndị agha wee kpochapụ ugwu niile. A kọwawo ya dị ka ihe mgbu na ihe na-akpali akpali nke dugara n'[[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Naịjirịa na Biafra]].<ref name="McKenna-1969">{{Cite journal|author=McKenna|first=Joseph C.|date=1969|title=Elements of a Nigerian Peace|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=47|issue=4|pages=668–680|doi=10.2307/20039407}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcKenna1969">McKenna, Joseph C. (1969). </cite></ref> == Ihe si na ya pụta == Mgbukpọ ahụ dugara n'ịgagharị nke ndị Igbo na ndị ọzọ nọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa laghachi n'ebu Ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjiria (a na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị otu nde ndị Igbo laghachiri n'ógbè ọwụwa anyanwụ). Ọ bụkwa onye bu ụzọ kwuo na Ojukwu wepụrụ onwe ya n'ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa dị ka Republic nke [[Bịafra|Biafra]], na Agha Obodo Naịjirị (bido n'afọ 1967-ruo n'afọ 1970) == Hụkwa == * [[Bịafra|Biafra]] * [[Anti-Igbo sentiment|Mmetụta na-emegide ndị Igbo]] * [[Omenala|Omenala Igbo]] * [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbo]] * Sabon Gari * [[Ogbugbu ndị mmadụ n'Asaba|Mgbukpọ nke Asaba]] == Akwụkwọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Esemokwu agbụrụ na okpukpe na Elusive Quest for National Identity na Naịjirịa. ''Journal of Black Studies'', ''44'' (1), peeji nke 3-30.&nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[doi:10.1080/14623528.2014.936701|'Ours bụ agha nke ndụ": Biafra, Nigeria na arụmụka banyere mgbukpọ agbụrụ, 1966-70]]. Journal of Genocide Research, ''16'' (2-3), peeji nke 205-225&nbsp; * Aro, G. & Ani, K. (2017). Nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba Igbo na mpaghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. ''Journal of African Union Studies'', ''6'' (2/3), peeji nke 47-77.&nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịkatọ Chi: Mgbasa Ozi Okpukpe Ndị Kraịst na Naịjirịa - Agha Biafra. The Journal of African History, ''51'' (3), peeji nke 367-389.&nbsp; == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Igbo topics}}{{Biafra topics}} [[Otú:Ndị Igbo]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ndyql2m3hf6hvlpnhfpyrybihu46yup 688467 688462 2026-07-19T18:19:43Z King ChristLike 13051 fixed ref errors 688467 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Mgbukpọ ndị na-emegide [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbo]] n: afọ 1966''' bụ usoro ogbugbu na ogbugbu ndị e mere megide ndị Igbo - na ndị ọzọ si n'ebe ndịda Naijiria na-ebi n'ebe [[Ógbè Ebe Ugwu, Naịjirịa|ugwu Naịjirịa]], malite na Mee afọ 1966 wee ruo n'ókè ya mgbe 29 Septemba afọ 1966. <ref name="Last-2005">{{Cite journal|author=Last|first=Murray|title=Poison and Medicine: Ethnicity, Power and Violence in a Nigerian City, 1966–1986 by Douglas A. Anthony Review by: Murray Last|journal=The Royal African Society|date=October 2005|volume=104|issue=417|pages=710–711}}</ref> E mere atụma'''Testo in grassetto'''tụ na e gburu [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbos]] na ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ dị n'agbata puku asatọ na puku iri atọ. Otu nde ndị Igbos ọzọ gbapụrụ na mpaghara ugwu gaa n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. N'ịzaghachi ogbugbu ahụ, e gburu ụfọdụ ndị ugwu na Port Harcourt na obodo ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa.<ref name="civil war">{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/23.htm|title=Civil War|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=1991|work=countrystudies.us|publisher=Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress|accessdate=November 21, 2019|quote=The estimated number of deaths ranged as high as 30,000. More than 1 million Igbo returned to the Eastern Region. In retaliation, some northerners were massacred in Port Harcourt and other eastern cities, and a counterexodus of non-Igbo was under way.}}</ref> Ihe omume ndị a dugara na nkewa nke mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria na nkwupụta [[Bịafra|Biafra]], nke mesịrị duga na [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naijiria]]. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ihe omume ndị a mere n'ihe gbasara nnupụisi ọchịchị ndị agha na mmalite nke Agha Obodo Naịjirịa. <ref name="Van Den Bersselaar-2011">{{Cite journal|author=Van Den Bersselaar|first=Dmitri|title=Douglas A. Anthony Poison and Medicine: ethnicity, power, and violence in a Nigerian city, 1966 to 1986. Oxford: James Currey|journal=Africa|date=3 March 2011|volume=74|issue=4|pages=711–713|doi=10.2307/3556867}}</ref> Onye bu ụzọ gbuo ndị mmadụ bụ nnupụisi ọchịchị nke Naijiria na Jenụwarị afọ 1966. <ref name="Post-1968">{{Cite journal|author=Post|first=K. W. J.|date=January 1968|title=Is There a Case for Biafra?|journal=International Affairs|volume=44|issue=1|pages=26–39|doi=10.2307/2613526}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị isi ndị agha nwụrụ n'ọchịchị ahụ bụ ndị ugwu n'ihi na ndị Northern bụ ndị ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na gọọmentị Naịjirịa, gụnyere Praịm Minista [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] na [[Ahmadu Bello]] Sardauna nke Sokoto.<ref name="Post-1968" /> Ndị isi ndị agha ndị ọzọ megidere nnupụisi ahụ. Onye ọrụ Igbo, [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] kwụsịrị nnupụisi ahụ na Lagos ebe onye ọrụ Igbo ọzọ, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Emeka Ojukwu]] kwụsịrị nnapụisi ahụ n'ebe ugwu. [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] weghaara ọchịchị, na-amanye gọọmentị ndị nkịtị ịhapụ ikike. O guzobere ọchịchị ndị agha nke ya onwe ya duziri dị ka onye isi ọchịagha.<ref name="Post-1968" /> N'ime ọnwa ndị sochiri nnupụisi ahụ, a chọpụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe na anọ n'ime ndị isi agha ise gburu nnupụisi ahụ bụ ndị Igbo nakwa na ọchịagha na-achịkwa ya bụkwa ndị Igbo. Ndị nke ugwu tụrụ egwu na ndị Igbo amalitela ịchịkwa mba ahụ. N'ime mmeghachi omume, ndị isi ndị ugwu mere nnupụisi nke Julaị afọ 1966 nke e gburu ndị agha narị abụọ na iri anọ nke ndịda n'ụzọ anọ n'ime ha bụ ndị Igbo, yana ọtụtụ puku ndị nkịtị sitere na ndịda bi n'ebe ugwu.<ref name="Nixon-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Nixon|first=Charles|date=July 1972|title=Self-Determination: The Nigeria/Biafra Case|journal=World Politics|volume=24|issue=4|pages=473–497|doi=10.2307/2010453}}</ref><ref name="Vickers-1970">{{Cite journal|author=Vickers|first=Michael|date=1970|title=Competition and Control in Modern Nigeria: Origins of the War with Biafra|journal=International Journal|volume=25|issue=3|doi=10.1177/002070207002500310}}</ref> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, [[Yakubu Gowon]], Onye Ugwu Kraịst, weghaara ọchịchị ndị agha.<ref name="Nixon-1972" /> N'ihi nke a, mmụba nke esemokwu agbụrụ dugara na igbu ọchụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Post-1968" /> Mgbukpọ ahụ gbasara n'ebe ugwu ma ruo n'ókè na ụbọchị iri abụọ na iteghete ọnwa Mee, ụbọchị iri abụọ na iteghete ọnwa Julaị, na ịrị abụọ na iteghete ọnwa Septemba afọ 1966. Ka ọ na-erule oge pogrom ahụ kwụsịrị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Igbos niile nọ n'ebe ugwu anwụọla, na-ezo n'etiti ndị ugwu nwere ọmịiko ma ọ bụ na-aga mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ. [[Nigerian Army|Ndị agha Naijiria]] duziri ogbugbu ahụ ma megharịa ya n'obodo dị iche iche dị n'ebe ugwu Naijiria. Ọ bụ ezie na Kọlọnel Gowon na-enye ndị ndịda Nigerians bi na Ugwu nkwa nchekwa, ebumnuche nke akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ndị agha Naijiria n'oge ahụ bụ mgbukpọ agbụrụ dị ka okwu agbụrụ a na-ahụkarị n'etiti agbụrụ Hausa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ewezuga ndị Ugwu Naịjirịa ole na ole (karịsịa ndị isi agha na-ekwenyeghị na ndị Igbo bụ ndị ajọ mmadụ), <ref name="Keil-1970">{{Cite journal|author=Keil|first=Charles|date=January 1970|title=The Price of Nigerian Victory|journal=Africa Today|volume=17|issue=1|pages=1–3}}</ref> a na-ewere ndị ọdịda na ndị ọnwụnwa anyanwụ Naijiria n'oge ahụ na Ugwu nke Naijiria dị ka Charles Keil si kọwaa:    Asọmpi agbụrụ n'ahịa nwekwara ike imetụta pogrom ahụ, ọkachasị mgbe nnupụisi mbụ gasịrị. Prọfesọ Murray Last, onye ọkà mmụta na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bi n'obodo Zaria n'oge ahụ, kọrọ ahụmahụ ya:<blockquote>N'ụbọchị sochiri nnupụisi ahụ - Jenụwarị 16th 1966 - e nwere ohere dị ukwuu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ABU nke na ọ wụrụ m akpata oyi n'ahụ. Ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe m bi n'ime obodo Zaria (na Babban Dodo), ka m zutere iwe n'ụzọ ndị ahịa Igbo (na ndị nta akụkọ) na-akwa ndị ahịa ibe ha na Sabon Gari nke Zaria maka ọnwụ nke 'nna' ha', ma na-akwapụ ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala dị iche iche n'ebe ndị ọzọ, na-agwa ndị Hausa na iwu niile agbanweela ugbu a ma ọ bụ ndị Hausa nọ n'okpuru ahịa. Ịnụrụ ndị Hausa na-agwa onwe ha n'abalị ọ bụla banyere mkparị ha nụrụ site n'aka ndị Igbos n'ụbọchị ahụ gosiri m n'ụzọ doro anya etu enyemaka mbụ na nnupụisi ahụ si ghọọ iwe. Ọ na-echegbu m obere n'oge ahụ (na-ebi n'enweghị nsogbu n'etiti obodo Zaria) mana amaghị m nke ọma na ọ gaghị atụ anya nnukwu ime ihe ike. Na m hụrụ mgbe e mesịrị mgbe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọnwa Eprel 1966, m nọ na Jalingo: n'ebe ahụ, n'otu ehihie Sọnde, a dọrọ m aka ná ntị ka igbu ọchụ ga-eme. A gwara m na m ga-ahapụ obodo ahụ tupu chi abọọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Olorunyomi|first=Ladi|date=November 22, 2021|title=INTERVIEW: Why every Nigerian should be proud of the Sokoto Caliphate — Prof Murray Last|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/496263-interview-why-every-nigerian-should-be-proud-of-the-sokoto-caliphate-prof-murray-last.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2023-03-31|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref></blockquote>Otú ọ dị, a na-elekwasịkwa anya na ndị Igbo na-achịkwa Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nnoli|first=Okwudiba|title=Ethnic Violence in Nigeria: A Historical Perspective|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/papers/nnoli_021003.pdf|work=Indiana.edu|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref> Ọtụtụ puku ndị Hausa, Tiv na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ugwu bụ ndị ndị Igbo gburu, na-amanye ọtụtụ ndị Ugwu ịpụ na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ.<ref name="Ojo">{{Cite book|author=Ojo|first=Bamidele A.|title=Problems and Prospects of Sustaining Democracy in Nigeria|date=2001|publisher=Nova Science|isbn=978-1-56072-949-5}}</ref> A wakporo ndị na-abụghị ndị Igbo nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ nọ n'ebe Ugwu n'ihi na enweghị ụzọ iji mee ka ha dị iche na ndị Igbos site na ọdịdị, bụ ndị a maara ha niile site na aha "''Yameri''" na Ugwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omaka|first=Arua|title=The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in The Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970|journal=Journal of Retracing Africa|date=17 February 2014|volume=1|issue=1|pages=25–40|url=https://encompass.eku.edu/jora/vol1/iss1/2/|accessdate=6 September 2021|issn=2168-0531}}</ref> Otu ihe kpatara ibu iro megide ndị ọdịda Naijiria n'ozuzu na ndị Igbo karịsịa bụ mgbalị nke ọchịchị Aguiyi Ironsi iji kpochapụ mpaghara maka usoro ọchịchị dị n'otu nke a na-ewere dị ka atụmatụ iji guzobe ọchịchị Igbo na Njikọ. Na 24 Mee afọ 1966 Ironsi nyere iwu otu, nke dugara na mgbawa nke mwakpo megide ndị Igbo na Ugwu Naijiria na ụbọchị 29 Mee afọ 1966. Ndị nta akụkọ Briten kwenyesiri ike n'otu n'oge ahụ na a haziri ogbugbu ndị a na 29 Mee ọ bụghị na mberede. A na-ahụkwa ọchịchị Ironsi ka ọ na-akwado ndị ọdịda Naijiria na nhọpụta ha n'ọkwá dị mkpa na gọọmentị, si otú a na-eme ka esemokwu agbụrụ dị elu.<ref name="Akinyemi-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Akinyemi|first=A.B.|date=October 1972|title=The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War|journal=African Affairs|volume=71|issue=285|pages=408–426|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282}}</ref> Enweghị ike nke ọchịchị Ironsi ịta ndị agha nnupụisi na-ahụ maka nnupụis nke Jenụwarị afọ 1966 mere ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="Nafziger-1972">{{Cite journal|author=Nafziger|first=Wayne|title=The Economic Impact of the Nigerian Civil War|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=July 1972|volume=10|issue=2|pages=223–245|doi=10.1017/s0022278x00022369}}</ref> Ọ bụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na nkwenye nke gọọmentị ime obodo mere pogrom ahụ na Mee afọ 1966.<ref name="McKenna-1969" /> A makwaara àgwà na-abụghị nke ọkachamara nke ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa ka ha gbakwunyere na esemokwu dị ugbu a. J.D.F. Jones, onye nnọchi anya Financial Times na 17 Jenụwarị afọ 1966 buru amụma na ndị Ugwu nwere ike "amalitere ịbọ ọbọ maka ọnwụ nke onye ndú ha Sardauna nke steeti Sokoto na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Igbo bi na Ugwu", nke ha na-emeghị n'oge ahụ. A katọrọ nke a dị ka ihe na-enweghị isi na maka onye nta akụkọ na-enweghị ọrụ, amụma na-emezu onwe ya nke ga-eduga ndị isi Ugwu ka ha chee na Financial Times nwere ozi ha na-amaghị, nakwa na ụwa tụrụ anya ka ugwu meghachi omume n'ụzọ a.<ref name="Akinyemi-1972" /> Ndị isi ugwu mechara mepụta usoro iji kpalie ime ihe ike dị ka akụkọ akụkọ e chepụtara echepụta nke e zigara na redio Cotonou ma mee ka ọrụ Hausa nke BBC kọwaa mwakpo ndị Ugwu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke, nke dugara na igbu ọchụ nke ndị Naijiria Ọwụwa anyanwụ na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na iteghete Septemba afọ 1966.<ref name="Abbott-2003">{{Cite journal|author=Abbott|first=Charles|title=Poison and Medicine: Ethnicity, Power, and Violence in a Nigerian City, 1966–86|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2003|volume=36|issue=1|pages=133–136|doi=10.2307/3559324}}</ref> Dị ka akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Briten si kwuo n'oge ahụ, e gburu ihe dị ka ndị Igbo puku iri atọ na Septemba afọ 1966, <ref name="Akinyemi-1972" /> ebe atụmatụ ndị ọzọ na-agbaso omenala na-etinye ndị nwụrụ na ala nke puku iri na ihe ruru puku iri atọ maka ọnwa Septemba naanị. Ogbugbu a gara n'ihu ruo na mbido Ọktọba ma ndị nkịtị na-eme ya mgbe ụfọdụ site n'enyemaka nke ndị agha wee kpochapụ ugwu niile. A kọwawo ya dị ka ihe mgbu na ihe na-akpali akpali nke dugara n'[[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Naịjirịa na Biafra]].<ref name="McKenna-1969">{{Cite journal|author=McKenna|first=Joseph C.|date=1969|title=Elements of a Nigerian Peace|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=47|issue=4|pages=668–680|doi=10.2307/20039407}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcKenna1969">McKenna, Joseph C. (1969). </cite></ref> == Ihe si na ya pụta == Mgbukpọ ahụ dugara n'ịgagharị nke ndị Igbo na ndị ọzọ nọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa laghachi n'ebu Ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjiria (a na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị otu nde ndị Igbo laghachiri n'ógbè ọwụwa anyanwụ). Ọ bụkwa onye bu ụzọ kwuo na Ojukwu wepụrụ onwe ya n'ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa dị ka Republic nke [[Bịafra|Biafra]], na Agha Obodo Naịjirị (bido n'afọ 1967-ruo n'afọ 1970) == Hụkwa == * [[Bịafra|Biafra]] * [[Anti-Igbo sentiment|Mmetụta na-emegide ndị Igbo]] * [[Omenala|Omenala Igbo]] * [[Ndị Ìgbò|Ndị Igbo]] * Sabon Gari * [[Ogbugbu ndị mmadụ n'Asaba|Mgbukpọ nke Asaba]] == Akwụkwọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Esemokwu agbụrụ na okpukpe na Elusive Quest for National Identity na Naịjirịa. ''Journal of Black Studies'', ''44'' (1), peeji nke 3-30.&nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[doi:10.1080/14623528.2014.936701|'Ours bụ agha nke ndụ": Biafra, Nigeria na arụmụka banyere mgbukpọ agbụrụ, 1966-70]]. Journal of Genocide Research, ''16'' (2-3), peeji nke 205-225&nbsp; * Aro, G. & Ani, K. (2017). Nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba Igbo na mpaghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. ''Journal of African Union Studies'', ''6'' (2/3), peeji nke 47-77.&nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịkatọ Chi: Mgbasa Ozi Okpukpe Ndị Kraịst na Naịjirịa - Agha Biafra. The Journal of African History, ''51'' (3), peeji nke 367-389.&nbsp; == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Igbo topics}}{{Biafra topics}} [[Otú:Ndị Igbo]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c9f8yrt9irdn5oc37g377ftc667nhod 3 78000 688441 2026-07-19T12:00:29Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 688441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Wmbata|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 12:00, 19 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} r3y2i3r8uzo2lr9tojp7oukqccj79g4 828 78001 688445 2018-03-02T19:48:33Z Frietjes 14509 created from [[Template:Location map Kenya]], edit history will be saved in [[Module talk:Location map/data/Kenya/doc]] 688445 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Kenya', top = 6, bottom = -5, left = 33, right = 43, image = 'Kenya adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Kenya relief location map.jpg' } 43lpzl2cnc75v0fnvdpgeev5wvsicge 688446 688445 2018-03-03T19:39:06Z Plastikspork 14478 Protected "[[Module:Location map/data/Kenya]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|High-risk Lua module]] ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 688445 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Kenya', top = 6, bottom = -5, left = 33, right = 43, image = 'Kenya adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Kenya relief location map.jpg' } 43lpzl2cnc75v0fnvdpgeev5wvsicge 688447 688446 2026-07-19T16:45:18Z King ChristLike 13051 2 revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Location_map/data/Kenya]] 688445 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Kenya', top = 6, bottom = -5, left = 33, right = 43, image = 'Kenya adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Kenya relief location map.jpg' } 43lpzl2cnc75v0fnvdpgeev5wvsicge 828 78002 688452 2011-09-02T19:08:31Z Zyxw 14644 create documentation 688452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> [[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] '''Template:Location map Kenya''' is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an [[equirectangular projection]] map of [[Kenya]]. The markers are placed by [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] coordinates on the default map or a similar map image. == Usage == These definitions are used by the following templates when invoked with parameter "Kenya": * {{tlx|Location map | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map many | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map+ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map~ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} == Map definition == * <tt>'''name''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}</tt> *: Name used in the default map caption * <tt>'''image''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]</tt> *: The default map image, without "Image:" or "File:" {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| * <tt>'''image1''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]</tt> *: An alternative map image, usually a relief map, can be displayed via the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| * <tt>'''image2''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]</tt> *: A second alternative map image, can be displayed via the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter only }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}| * <tt>'''top''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}</tt> *: [[Latitude]] at top edge of map, in [[decimal degrees]] * <tt>'''bottom''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}</tt> *: Latitude at bottom edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''left''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}</tt> *: [[Longitude]] at left edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''right''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}</tt> *: Longitude at right edge of map, in decimal degrees }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}| * <tt>'''x''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[longitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the left edge and 100 along the right edge * <tt>'''y''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[latitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the top edge and 100 along the bottom edge }} {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| == Alternative map == The map defined as '''image1''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}</tt>) can be displayed by using the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters in {{tl|Location map}}, {{tl|Location map many}} and {{tl|Location map+}}. {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| The map defined as '''image2''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}</tt>) can only be displayed by using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter.}} The use of these two parameters is shown in the examples below. Additional examples can be found at: {{{!}} {{!}} * [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]] * [[Template:Location map#AlternativeMap parameter]] {{!}} * [[Template:Location map+/relief]] * [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]] {{!}}} }} == Examples using location map templates == === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 200 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 200 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 200 | caption = Two locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 200 | caption = Two locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 200 | caption = Two locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 200 | caption = Two locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} }} </pre> {{clear}} == See also == * [[Template:Location map Kenya relief]], displays the relief map shown above (for [[Help:Infobox|infoboxes]] that do not support alternative maps) ; Location map templates * [[Template:Location map]], to display one mark and label using latitude and longitude * [[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine marks and labels * [[Template:Location map+]], to display an unlimited number of marks and labels ; Infobox templates incorporating (passing values to) the Location map template {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly> <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> </includeonly> 32ghp9aokjyf5ema85pphn6i9wfsded 688453 688452 2013-02-09T01:31:45Z Zyxw 14644 add example north of equator 688453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> [[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] '''Template:Location map Kenya''' is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an [[equirectangular projection]] map of [[Kenya]]. The markers are placed by [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] coordinates on the default map or a similar map image. == Usage == These definitions are used by the following templates when invoked with parameter "Kenya": * {{tlx|Location map | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map many | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map+ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map~ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} == Map definition == * <tt>'''name''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}</tt> *: Name used in the default map caption * <tt>'''image''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]</tt> *: The default map image, without "Image:" or "File:" {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| * <tt>'''image1''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]</tt> *: An alternative map image, usually a relief map, can be displayed via the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| * <tt>'''image2''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]</tt> *: A second alternative map image, can be displayed via the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter only }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}| * <tt>'''top''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}</tt> *: [[Latitude]] at top edge of map, in [[decimal degrees]] * <tt>'''bottom''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}</tt> *: Latitude at bottom edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''left''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}</tt> *: [[Longitude]] at left edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''right''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}</tt> *: Longitude at right edge of map, in decimal degrees }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}| * <tt>'''x''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[longitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the left edge and 100 along the right edge * <tt>'''y''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[latitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the top edge and 100 along the bottom edge }} {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| == Alternative map == The map defined as '''image1''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}</tt>) can be displayed by using the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters in {{tl|Location map}}, {{tl|Location map many}} and {{tl|Location map+}}. {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| The map defined as '''image2''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}</tt>) can only be displayed by using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter.}} The use of these two parameters is shown in the examples below. Additional examples can be found at: {{{!}} {{!}} * [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]] * [[Template:Location map#AlternativeMap parameter]] {{!}} * [[Template:Location map+/relief]] * [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]] {{!}}} }} == Examples using location map templates == === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> {{clear}} == See also == * [[Template:Location map Kenya relief]], displays the relief map shown above (for [[Help:Infobox|infoboxes]] that do not support alternative maps) ; Location map templates * [[Template:Location map]], to display one mark and label using latitude and longitude * [[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine marks and labels * [[Template:Location map+]], to display an unlimited number of marks and labels ; Infobox templates incorporating (passing values to) the Location map template {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly> <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> </includeonly> dwnm7o64gudjbfpu9c835s1525d75s3 688454 688453 2013-05-29T02:08:55Z Plastikspork 14478 /* See also */ Now deleted 688454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> [[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] '''Template:Location map Kenya''' is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an [[equirectangular projection]] map of [[Kenya]]. The markers are placed by [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] coordinates on the default map or a similar map image. == Usage == These definitions are used by the following templates when invoked with parameter "Kenya": * {{tlx|Location map | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map many | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map+ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map~ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} == Map definition == * <tt>'''name''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}</tt> *: Name used in the default map caption * <tt>'''image''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]</tt> *: The default map image, without "Image:" or "File:" {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| * <tt>'''image1''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]</tt> *: An alternative map image, usually a relief map, can be displayed via the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| * <tt>'''image2''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]</tt> *: A second alternative map image, can be displayed via the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter only }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}| * <tt>'''top''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}</tt> *: [[Latitude]] at top edge of map, in [[decimal degrees]] * <tt>'''bottom''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}</tt> *: Latitude at bottom edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''left''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}</tt> *: [[Longitude]] at left edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''right''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}</tt> *: Longitude at right edge of map, in decimal degrees }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}| * <tt>'''x''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[longitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the left edge and 100 along the right edge * <tt>'''y''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[latitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the top edge and 100 along the bottom edge }} {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| == Alternative map == The map defined as '''image1''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}</tt>) can be displayed by using the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters in {{tl|Location map}}, {{tl|Location map many}} and {{tl|Location map+}}. {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| The map defined as '''image2''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}</tt>) can only be displayed by using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter.}} The use of these two parameters is shown in the examples below. Additional examples can be found at: {{{!}} {{!}} * [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]] * [[Template:Location map#AlternativeMap parameter]] {{!}} * [[Template:Location map+/relief]] * [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]] {{!}}} }} == Examples using location map templates == === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> {{clear}} == See also == ; Location map templates * [[Template:Location map]], to display one mark and label using latitude and longitude * [[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine marks and labels * [[Template:Location map+]], to display an unlimited number of marks and labels ; Infobox templates incorporating (passing values to) the Location map template {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly> <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> </includeonly> 761obun1hkebhp1ohua6iir0qq5fdyt 688455 688454 2015-09-19T04:33:38Z 105.58.60.216 /* Location map, using default map (image) */ 688455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> [[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] '''Template:Location map Kenya''' is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an [[equirectangular projection]] map of [[Kenya]]. The markers are placed by [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] coordinates on the default map or a similar map image. == Usage == These definitions are used by the following templates when invoked with parameter "Kenya": * {{tlx|Location map | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map many | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map+ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map~ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} == Map definition == * <tt>'''name''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}</tt> *: Name used in the default map caption * <tt>'''image''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]</tt> *: The default map image, without "Image:" or "File:" {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| * <tt>'''image1''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]</tt> *: An alternative map image, usually a relief map, can be displayed via the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| * <tt>'''image2''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]</tt> *: A second alternative map image, can be displayed via the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter only }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}| * <tt>'''top''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}</tt> *: [[Latitude]] at top edge of map, in [[decimal degrees]] * <tt>'''bottom''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}</tt> *: Latitude at bottom edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''left''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}</tt> *: [[Longitude]] at left edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''right''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}</tt> *: Longitude at right edge of map, in decimal degrees }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}| * <tt>'''x''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[longitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the left edge and 100 along the right edge * <tt>'''y''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[latitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the top edge and 100 along the bottom edge }} {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| == Alternative map == The map defined as '''image1''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}</tt>) can be displayed by using the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters in {{tl|Location map}}, {{tl|Location map many}} and {{tl|Location map+}}. {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| The map defined as '''image2''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}</tt>) can only be displayed by using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter.}} The use of these two parameters is shown in the examples below. Additional examples can be found at: {{{!}} {{!}} * [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]] * [[Template:Location map#AlternativeMap parameter]] {{!}} * [[Template:Location map+/relief]] * [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]] {{!}}} }} == Examples using location map templates == === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 300 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 400 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> {{clear}} == See also == ; Location map templates * [[Template:Location map]], to display one mark and label using latitude and longitude * [[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine marks and labels * [[Template:Location map+]], to display an unlimited number of marks and labels ; Infobox templates incorporating (passing values to) the Location map template {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly> <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> </includeonly> i4hpik3fmkc7u5xm678sm1bbq6uz3kk 688456 688455 2015-09-19T04:36:48Z 105.58.60.216 /* Location map many, using relief map (image1) */ 688456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> [[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] '''Template:Location map Kenya''' is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an [[equirectangular projection]] map of [[Kenya]]. The markers are placed by [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] coordinates on the default map or a similar map image. == Usage == These definitions are used by the following templates when invoked with parameter "Kenya": * {{tlx|Location map | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map many | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map+ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map~ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} == Map definition == * <tt>'''name''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}</tt> *: Name used in the default map caption * <tt>'''image''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]</tt> *: The default map image, without "Image:" or "File:" {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| * <tt>'''image1''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]</tt> *: An alternative map image, usually a relief map, can be displayed via the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| * <tt>'''image2''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]</tt> *: A second alternative map image, can be displayed via the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter only }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}| * <tt>'''top''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}</tt> *: [[Latitude]] at top edge of map, in [[decimal degrees]] * <tt>'''bottom''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}</tt> *: Latitude at bottom edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''left''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}</tt> *: [[Longitude]] at left edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''right''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}</tt> *: Longitude at right edge of map, in decimal degrees }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}| * <tt>'''x''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[longitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the left edge and 100 along the right edge * <tt>'''y''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[latitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the top edge and 100 along the bottom edge }} {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| == Alternative map == The map defined as '''image1''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}</tt>) can be displayed by using the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters in {{tl|Location map}}, {{tl|Location map many}} and {{tl|Location map+}}. {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| The map defined as '''image2''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}</tt>) can only be displayed by using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter.}} The use of these two parameters is shown in the examples below. Additional examples can be found at: {{{!}} {{!}} * [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]] * [[Template:Location map#AlternativeMap parameter]] {{!}} * [[Template:Location map+/relief]] * [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]] {{!}}} }} == Examples using location map templates == === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 300 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 400 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 500 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = no | width = 500 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> {{clear}} == See also == ; Location map templates * [[Template:Location map]], to display one mark and label using latitude and longitude * [[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine marks and labels * [[Template:Location map+]], to display an unlimited number of marks and labels ; Infobox templates incorporating (passing values to) the Location map template {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly> <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> </includeonly> 9rojmv98fpeielewgh4vajrbeo60mxj 688457 688456 2018-03-04T14:36:36Z Frietjes 14509 Frietjes moved page [[Template:Location map Kenya/doc]] to [[Module:Location map/data/Kenya/doc]] 688456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> [[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] '''Template:Location map Kenya''' is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an [[equirectangular projection]] map of [[Kenya]]. The markers are placed by [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] coordinates on the default map or a similar map image. == Usage == These definitions are used by the following templates when invoked with parameter "Kenya": * {{tlx|Location map | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map many | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map+ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} * {{tlx|Location map~ | Kenya&nbsp;| ...}} == Map definition == * <tt>'''name''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}</tt> *: Name used in the default map caption * <tt>'''image''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]</tt> *: The default map image, without "Image:" or "File:" {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| * <tt>'''image1''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]</tt> *: An alternative map image, usually a relief map, can be displayed via the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| * <tt>'''image2''' = [[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]</tt> *: A second alternative map image, can be displayed via the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter only }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}| * <tt>'''top''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}</tt> *: [[Latitude]] at top edge of map, in [[decimal degrees]] * <tt>'''bottom''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}</tt> *: Latitude at bottom edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''left''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}</tt> *: [[Longitude]] at left edge of map, in decimal degrees * <tt>'''right''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}</tt> *: Longitude at right edge of map, in decimal degrees }}{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}| * <tt>'''x''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[longitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the left edge and 100 along the right edge * <tt>'''y''' = {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}</tt> *: An expression to calculate a location on the map via its [[latitude]]; evaluates as 0 along the top edge and 100 along the bottom edge }} {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}| == Alternative map == The map defined as '''image1''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}</tt>) can be displayed by using the ''relief'' or ''AlternativeMap'' parameters in {{tl|Location map}}, {{tl|Location map many}} and {{tl|Location map+}}. {{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}| The map defined as '''image2''' (<tt>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}</tt>) can only be displayed by using the ''AlternativeMap'' parameter.}} The use of these two parameters is shown in the examples below. Additional examples can be found at: {{{!}} {{!}} * [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]] * [[Template:Location map#AlternativeMap parameter]] {{!}} * [[Template:Location map+/relief]] * [[Template:Location map+/AlternativeMap]] {{!}}} }} == Examples using location map templates == === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 300 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 400 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 500 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = no | width = 500 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> {{clear}} == See also == ; Location map templates * [[Template:Location map]], to display one mark and label using latitude and longitude * [[Template:Location map many]], to display up to nine marks and labels * [[Template:Location map+]], to display an unlimited number of marks and labels ; Infobox templates incorporating (passing values to) the Location map template {{Location map/doc/See also infobox templates}} <includeonly> <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> </includeonly> 9rojmv98fpeielewgh4vajrbeo60mxj 688458 688457 2018-03-04T14:39:22Z Frietjes 14509 688458 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{Module:Location map/data/doc |image=[[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] |examples= === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 300 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 400 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 500 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = no | width = 500 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> | see also = }} <includeonly> <!-- Categories go here: --> [[Category:Kenya location map templates| Kenya]] </includeonly> 5paiv4tvpvd3lntun4f4lpgbjgmadgb 688459 688458 2021-11-15T05:54:42Z Jmarchn 6200 Map size homogenization 688459 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{Module:Location map/data/doc |image=[[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] |examples= === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = no | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> | see also = }} <includeonly> <!-- Categories go here: --> [[Category:Kenya location map templates| Kenya]] </includeonly> c8bmjzt9ntmxdq3id8juwb4wqs2lhrp 688460 688459 2023-07-06T05:48:29Z JJMC89 bot III 27027 Moving [[:Category:Kenya location map templates]] to [[:Category:Kenya location map modules]] per [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy]] 688460 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{Module:Location map/data/doc |image=[[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] |examples= === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = no | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> | see also = }} <includeonly> <!-- Categories go here: --> [[Category:Kenya location map modules| Kenya]] </includeonly> i0um1j89h12lof4wqhuqsmyaz74uanb 688461 688460 2026-07-19T16:45:29Z King ChristLike 13051 9 revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Location_map/data/Kenya/doc]] 688460 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{Module:Location map/data/doc |image=[[File:Ke-map.png|thumb|250px|Map of Kenya]] |examples= === Location map, using default map (image) === {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map | Kenya | width = 250 | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map many, using relief map (image1) === {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} <pre style="width:30em;"> {{Location map many | Kenya | relief = no | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | lat1_deg = -1.28 | lon1_deg = 36.82 | label1 = Nairobi | lat2_deg = -4.05 | lon2_deg = 39.67 | label2 = Mombasa | lat3_deg = 4.2 | lon3_deg = 34.35 | label3 = Lokichogio }} </pre> {{clear}} === Location map+, using AlternativeMap === {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} <pre style="width:35em;"> {{Location map+ | Kenya | AlternativeMap = Kenya relief location map.jpg | width = 250 | caption = Three locations in Kenya | places = {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -1.28 | lon_deg = 36.82 | label = Nairobi }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = -4.05 | lon_deg = 39.67 | label = Mombasa }} {{Location map~ | Kenya | lat_deg = 4.2 | lon_deg = 34.35 | label = Lokichogio }} }} </pre> | see also = }} <includeonly> <!-- Categories go here: --> [[Category:Kenya location map modules| Kenya]] </includeonly> i0um1j89h12lof4wqhuqsmyaz74uanb 3 78003 688471 2026-07-20T06:00:53Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 688471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Omarius257|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 20 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} c58c9ecp3f1jcq1zq8uudoz5hi2af0x 10 78004 688480 2009-06-05T21:29:19Z Rich Farmbrough 819 moved [[Template:Onesource]] to [[Template:One source]] over redirect: Avoid running together words 688480 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] cbfncyoc5kso163ldueqnfd4yrur2ps 688481 688480 2010-09-12T00:03:10Z HJ Mitchell 14547 Protected Template:Onesource: [[WP:HRT|high risk template]] transcluded on over 2,000 pages. Batch protection; requests for review can be brought to [[WP:RFUP]]. using [[WP:TW|TW]] ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)) 688480 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] cbfncyoc5kso163ldueqnfd4yrur2ps 688482 688481 2010-09-20T09:16:59Z TFOWR 27006 Unprotected Template:Onesource: Consensus at [[WP:ANI]] was to unprotect; emerging consensus at [[WT:HRT]] may yet be to re-protect some/many/all - I won't consider it wheel-warring if another admin reprotects. using [[WP:TW|TW]] 688480 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] cbfncyoc5kso163ldueqnfd4yrur2ps 688483 688482 2012-04-23T10:24:36Z Arcticocean 14504 Protected Template:Onesource: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|Highly-visible template]] (over 1000 transclusions) (‎[edit=autoconfirmed] (indefinite) ‎[move=sysop] (indefinite)) 688480 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] cbfncyoc5kso163ldueqnfd4yrur2ps 688484 688483 2013-08-12T03:47:33Z Paine Ellsworth 4319 add Rcats 688484 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] {{Redr|move|mod|tsh|spr}} 39pi63y3jha02nc8jdnq3bhafku5v49 688485 688484 2017-04-30T21:46:40Z AnomieBOT 38319 [[User:AnomieBOT/docs/TemplateSubster|Substing templates]]: {{Redr}}. See [[User:AnomieBOT/docs/TemplateSubster]] for info. 688485 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] {{redirect category shell|{{R move}}{{R mod}}{{R tsh}}{{R spr}}}} 3rk2y6duvw6k9oci2ai3fisf87qajb4 688486 688485 2024-06-29T18:00:17Z MusikBot II 14639 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:Onesource]]": [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 2601 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 688485 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] {{redirect category shell|{{R move}}{{R mod}}{{R tsh}}{{R spr}}}} 3rk2y6duvw6k9oci2ai3fisf87qajb4 688487 688486 2024-08-23T18:14:36Z Hyphenation Expert 31408 688487 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] {{redirect category shell|{{R move}}{{R mod}}{{R tsh}}}} 8ucybsbeg8gpuuoxtcke8b7ssx69eh7 688488 688487 2026-07-20T10:14:49Z King ChristLike 13051 8 revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Onesource]] 688487 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] {{redirect category shell|{{R move}}{{R mod}}{{R tsh}}}} 8ucybsbeg8gpuuoxtcke8b7ssx69eh7 688500 688480 2009-06-05T21:29:20Z Rich Farmbrough 819 moved [[Template talk:Onesource]] to [[Template talk:One source]]:&#32;Avoid running together words 688500 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template talk:One source]] r04f4pae8mzafcwo5vkxhxf3aw05xqz 688501 688488 2026-07-20T10:14:53Z King ChristLike 13051 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template_talk:Onesource]] 688487 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:One source]] {{redirect category shell|{{R move}}{{R mod}}{{R tsh}}}} 8ucybsbeg8gpuuoxtcke8b7ssx69eh7 10 78005 688491 2010-09-26T10:13:18Z M4gnum0n 41468 handy abbreviation 688491 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{R template}}{{R short}} g76mc3q6zzw3lpj78w5rers9pfihuso 688492 688491 2011-02-15T05:09:52Z SporkBot 27044 Remove template per [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2011 February 5|TFD outcome]] 688492 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]]{{R short}} 9jzcq5hk8axljvbg55tivax0znu3khl 688493 688492 2011-09-23T08:24:34Z Paine Ellsworth 4319 add Rcat 688493 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{Redr|short|tsh}} i07fnx5uohmdm8b5ma4nays5b3swnp4 688494 688493 2013-07-15T17:06:35Z JPaestpreornJeolhlna 27045 Additional [[WP:RCAT|Rcat]] 688494 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{Redr|short|tsh|rt}} q1fea6d2wg8ct7hag6bfgk1kz8y13ir 688495 688494 2014-05-09T10:46:42Z Jdaloner 14673 Expanded name of, and values used in, "This is a redirect" ("Redr") template to make it more readily understandable. 688495 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{This is a redirect|from short name|from template shortcut|to redirect template}} nqlixpmbra0d3nuyckxxu5fsykzy3xs 688496 688495 2015-07-15T01:36:04Z Paine Ellsworth 4319 adjust [[WP:RCAT|rcat]]s 688496 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{Redr|rtrt|tsh}} lgmxhbd8bs57if5cglvgr0dhjhdn32a 688497 688496 2017-03-11T17:28:13Z Christian75 1665 {{redr}} is deprecated - converting to {{Redirect category shell}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 688497 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R to redirect template}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} e0g95vgbhe7jm08vci42tdsdam323cx 688498 688497 2017-10-09T17:20:52Z MusikAnimal 6774 Protected "[[Template:R move]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]; 1,000+ transclusions ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite)) 688497 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R to redirect template}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} e0g95vgbhe7jm08vci42tdsdam323cx 688499 688498 2026-07-20T10:14:52Z King ChristLike 13051 8 revisions imported from [[:en:Template:R_move]] 688497 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R from move]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R to redirect template}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} e0g95vgbhe7jm08vci42tdsdam323cx