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[[Category:Wikipedia disclaimers]] 206krsj2qa7epbfsy4at5jtmwlavvzu Wikipedia:Requests for adminship 4 2228 741450 645483 2026-10-24T00:12:51Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:RfA_evu_vo}} Peeji a bu ebe onye choro ibu '''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]''' kwesiri itinye aha ya. Onye ahu kwesiri ịma otu esi eme ya ([[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/nominate|guo ya!]]). Madu nwere ike hopụta onye Wikipedia ochoro (onye ihọpụtara kwesịrị ịma maka nkea). Anyi niile eme ntuli aka ma onye ahọpụtara o ruru ịbụ admin. Onye ahu nweta vote, o kwesiri itinye aha ya na '''[[m:Requests for Permissions]]''' ka '''ndi admin ozo''' mee ya administrator. This page is where any Igbo Wikipedia user who wants to be an '''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]''' should put their name. If you want to apply you should know the rules and the guidelines ([[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/nominate|read it!]]). You can also nominate someone else to be an admin (the person nominated should agree beforehand). Other users should then vote on whether or not they agree for the nominee to become an admin. If he or she receives the supporting vote then he or she should then put their name in the '''[[m:Requests for Permissions]]''' page so that '''other higher admins''' (called [[Wikipedia:Stewards|stewards]]) can know and make them an administrator. ==Mgbe igi vote== '''Nwere otu picture nkee tinye vote gi''' (''use one of these pictures to vote''): [[Image:Symbol_support_vote.svg|16px]] <nowiki>[[Image:Symbol_support_vote.svg|16px]]</nowiki> [[Image:Symbol_oppose_vote.svg|16px]] <nowiki>[[Image:Symbol_oppose_vote.svg|16px]]</nowiki> [[Image:Symbol_neutral_vote.svg|16px]] <nowiki>[[Image:Symbol_neutral_vote.svg|16px]]</nowiki> [[Image:Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg|16px]] <nowiki>[[Image:Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg|16px]]</nowiki> :[[Image:Symbol_support_vote.svg|16px]] '''Support''' - he mere isi kwe nominee bu onye admin (''why you support the nominee'') ::[[Image:Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg|16px]] '''Discard''' - he mere isi cho i wefu vote gi (''why you are removing your support'') :[[Image:Symbol_oppose_vote.svg|16px]] '''Oppose''' - he mere ikweghi nominee bu onye admin (''why you oppose the nominee'') :[[Image:Symbol_neutral_vote.svg|16px]] '''Neutral''' - he ichoro iku maka uwa na nominee (''what you have to say about the matter'') <big>←</big> explanation is mandatory with this vote <div class="toccolours" style="font-size:smaller;">'''You can also use these templates:'''<span style="margin: 1em;" class="resolved"><span style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; margin-right: .5em;">[[Image:Symbol_support_vote.svg|16px|Ee]] [[Template:Accept|&nbsp;Accept]]</span>{{#if: {{{1|}}}|<span style="font-size: smaller;">{{{1}}}</span>}}<nowiki>{{subst:accept |</nowiki>''he ichoro iku''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></span><span style="margin: 1em;" class="resolved"><span style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; margin-right: .5em;">[[Image:Symbol_oppose_vote.svg|16px|Uh-uh]] [[Template:Oppose|&nbsp;Oppose]]</span>{{#if: {{{1|}}}|<span style="font-size: smaller;">{{{1}}}</span>}}<nowiki>{{subst:oppose |</nowiki>''he ichoro iku''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></span><span style="margin: 1em;" class="resolved"><span style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; margin-right: .5em;">[[Image:Symbol_neutral_vote.svg|16px|Amaghi'm]] [[Template:Neutral|&nbsp;Comment]]</span>{{#if: {{{1|}}}|<span style="font-size: smaller;">{{{1}}}</span>}}<nowiki>{{subst:neutral |</nowiki>''he ichoro iku''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></span><span style="margin: 1em;" class="resolved"><span style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; margin-right: .5em;">[[Image:Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg|16px|Wefu]] [[Template:Discard|&nbsp;Discard]]</span>{{#if: {{{1|}}}|<span style="font-size: smaller;">{{{1}}}</span>}}<nowiki>{{subst:discard |</nowiki>''he ichoro iku''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></span></div> ==Onye Wikipedia mere nominate== <center> Time bu '''{{FULLDATE|type=wiki}}''' {| style="margin: 0 auto; font-size:smaller; background:none;" |'''<span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAMEE}}|action=purge}} Purge page cache]</span> mgbe nominations adigi updated.''' |}</center> <!-- Tinye onye igi nominate na okpuru line nke - Place nominees below this line --> ---- {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Ukabia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Djsasso}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Quanteri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Oby Ezeilo}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Olugold}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/CHIKEME CHIZURUM}} ===[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]]=== '''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Iwuala Lucy|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]''' '''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 04:12, [[8 Febụwarị]] [[2025]] (UTC)''' {{User|Iwuala Lucy}} - I am a native speaker of Igbo language. I been an active member of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group ever since I joined the community and has played various administrative role within the Igbo Wikimedians User Group and on behalf of the community outside. I possess some level of technical know-how in HTML which would be very vital in my role as Igbo Wikipedia Admin. [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:12, 1 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC) ====Questions for candidate==== Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following <u>optional</u> questions to provide guidance for participants: :'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in? ::'''A:''' To regulate the inflow and outflow of information on the Igbo Wikipedia. To support in resolving any technical challenges that users of this project might experience in their cause of consumption or contribution to the Igbo Wikipedia. And to help incorporate standardised Igbo words/terms (which are called IGBO IZUGBE) on the Igbo Wikipedia interface. :'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why? ::'''A:''' As a freelance Igbo language translator, one of my best contributions is using my skills to contribute to the Wikipedia project at no cost - Translating articles on the Igbo Wikipedia. :'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future? ::'''A:''' Yes, I once vandalised the Igbo WikiQuote interface - during my early days as a Newbie Wikimedian. Thanks to individuals and experienced Wikimedians in my community, I was immediately called to order with an immediate one-on-one tutorial and training on the best practices of contributing and editing across the Wikimedia projects. As an Igbo Wikipedia Admin, I want to be able to resolve this kind of situation (which usually occurs among newbies and might even get them blocked and demotivated) which I believe would be beneficial to newbies and also to the Igbo Wikipedia. ====Comments and Discussions==== * Links for Iwuala Lucy: {{usercheck-short|Iwuala Lucy}} ---- '''Support, oppose, or abstain below this line:''' {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/King ChristLike}} <!-- {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Kerowren}} --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Wikipedian12512(alt)}} ---- 2or90wjfe8wtfb79xxqya9fzllbusfg Ojiarụ:Ukabia/IM 2 8367 741464 62009 2026-10-24T00:13:06Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741464 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="mp-topbanner" style="clear:both; position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; margin:1.2em 0 6px; min-width:47em; border:1px solid #ddd; background-color: #F2F5FD; color:#000; white-space:nowrap;"> <!-- "WELCOME TO WIKIPEDIA" AND ARTICLE COUNT --> <div style="margin:0.4em; width: 5em; text-align:center;"> <div style="font-size:162%; padding:.1em;">Ị meela bìa [[Wikipidia]],</div> <div style="font-size:95%;">ịhẹ [[njikọ̀ta edemede]] [[ọ̀dị̀n'ime unyetọ̀|òhèrè]] ǹkè [[Wikipidia:Ndubàta|onyeọbụ̀là nwèr'ike ị mezi]].</div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">Edemede [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] dị̀ nà [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Ìgbò]] | <strong>[[Wikipidia:Ụdàkọ|Lèe ebe edemede dàkọ̀rọ̀]]</strong></div> </div> <!-- PORTAL LIST ON RIGHT-HAND SIDE --> <ul style="position:absolute; right:-1em; top:50%; margin-top:-2.4em; width:38%; min-width:25em; font-size:95%;"> <li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:0;">[[Portal:Ǹkà|Ǹkà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:1.6em;">[[Portal:Akụkọndụ̀onye|Akụkọndụ̀onye]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:3.2em;">[[Portal:Mmụ̀makàlà|Mmụ̀makàlà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:0;">[[Portal:Ị̀ta|Ị̀ta]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:1.6em;">[[Portal:Agụ̀mà|Agụ̀mà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:3.2em;">[[Portal:Amụ̀mà|Amụ̀mà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:0;">[[Portal:Èzinàama|Èzinàama]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:1.6em;">[[Portal:Technology|Ụ̀kàpụ̀tà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:3.2em;"><strong>[[Portal:Ọ̀dị̀n'ime/Ụwabà|Ụwabà níle]]</strong></li> </ul> </div> <!-- MAIN PAGE BANNER --> {{#if:{{Àwàn'ihu ihu m̀bụ}}| <div id="mp-banner" class="MainPageBG" style="margin-top:4px; padding:0.5em; background-color:#fffaf5; border:1px solid #f2e0ce;"> {{Àwàn'ihu ihu m̀bụ}} </div> }} <!-- TODAY'S FEATURED CONTENT --> {| role="presentation" id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin-top:4px; border-spacing: 0px;" <!-- TODAY'S FEATURED ARTICLE; DID YOU KNOW --> | id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; padding:0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Edemede mbọ̀ taà/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|R}}>150|Si nà edemede mbọ̀ taà|Edemede mbọ̀ <span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;">(Check back later for today's.)</span>}}</h2> <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em;">{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Edemede mbọ̀ taà/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|R}}>150|{{Wikipedia:Edemede mbọ̀ taà/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|{{Wikipedia:Edemede mbọ̀ taà/{{#time:F j, Y|-1 day}}}}}}</div> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Ị̀ mà sị̀...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em 0.5em;">{{Ị̀ mà sị̀}}</div> | style="border:1px solid transparent;" | <!-- IN THE NEWS and ON THIS DAY --> | id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; padding:0; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"| <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Nà ozi ọ̀rị̀rị̀</h2> <div id="mp-itn" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em;">{{Nà ozi ọ̀rị̀rị̀}}</div> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Nà ụbọ̀chì â...</h2> <div id="mp-otd" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em 0.5em;">{{Wikipedia:Òmẹnàafọ̀â ǹhọ̀rọ/{{#time:F j}}}}</div> |} <!-- TODAY'S FEATURED LIST --><!-- CONDITIONAL SHOW -->{{#switch:{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}|Monday|Friday= <div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG" style="margin-top:4px; border:1px solid #f2cedd; background:#fff5fa; overflow:auto;"> <div id="mp-center"> <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#f2cedd; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #bfa3af; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">From today's featured list</h2> <div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:0.3em 0.7em;">{{#ifexist:Wikipedia:Today's featured list/{{#time:F j, Y}}|{{Wikipedia:Today's featured list/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|{{TFLempty}}}}</div> </div> </div>|}}<!-- END CONDITIONAL SHOW --> <!-- TODAY'S FEATURED PICTURE --> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG" style="margin-top:4px; border:1px solid #ddcef2; background:#faf5ff; overflow:auto;"> <div id="mp-bottom"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#ddcef2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #afa3bf; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em">{{#ifexist:Template:POTD protected/{{#time:Y-m-d}}|Today's featured picture | Featured picture&ensp;<span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;">(Check back later for today's.)</span>}}</h2> <div id="mp-tfp" style="margin:0.1em 0.4em 0.6em;">{{#ifexist:Template:POTD protected/{{#time:Y-m-d}}|{{POTD protected/{{#time:Y-m-d}}}}|{{POTD protected/{{#time:Y-m-d|-1 day}}}}}}</div> </div> </div> <!-- SECTIONS AT BOTTOM OF PAGE --> <div id="mp-other" style="padding-top:4px; padding-bottom:2px;"> == Ǹgà ọ̀zọ nà Wikipidia == {{Ǹgà ọ̀zọ nà Wikipidia}} </div><div id="mp-sister"> == Nrụzù nwanne Wikipidia == {{Nrụzù nwanne Wikipidia}} </div><div id="mp-lang"> == Asụ̀sụ̀ Wikipedia == {{Asụ̀sụ̀ Wikipedia}} </div> <!-- INTERWIKI STRAPLINE --> <noinclude>{{Main Page interwikis}}{{noexternallanglinks}}{{#if:{{Wikipedia:Main_Page/Tomorrow}}||}}</noinclude>__NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ eqxudkqulo1pzm72rdute5p8ymapgap Ńkàtá:Ihu mbụ 1 8880 741463 656177 2026-10-24T00:13:06Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''This is a place for discussing the main page.''' For general discussions go to [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako]]. == Main page change == Hi, The main page here is quite broken. It is full of red links. It is even more broken on mobile phones, and shows almost nothing. The current code of the main page is too complicated and too hard to edit. I recommend starting from scratch: Deleting everything and putting something very simple instead. Later it can be made more complex and designed, but in the beginning it should at least be usable. Here's a very simple suggestion for a first version to begin from: [[Ọbanife:Amire80/mp]]. If no-one objects, I'll replace the current page with this next week. If anyone has better proposals, I'll be happy to hear them. Tagging active users: [[Ọbanife:Abuchi Chinedu Ojiaku]], [[Ọbanife:Blossom Ozurumba]], [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious]], [[Ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba]], [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo]], [[Ọbanife:Ngozianaza]], [[Ọbanife:Ukabia]]. Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|talk]]) 07:03, 7 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], :The proposed simple fix is okay. :I removed some of the diacritics as they are not used for those particular words in Igbo language. :Thank you for this proposal. :Regards, :[[Ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba]] :([[Okwu ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba|talk]]) ::Thank you so much! --[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|talk]]) 09:06, 7 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) :Hi [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], :The proposed simple fix is okay. :Thank you for this :Regards, :[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious]] :([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|talk]]) I'm English please == Wikipedia or Wikipidia == Hi, What is the right name for Wikipedia in Igbo? The logo at the top says "Wikipedia", but the main page says "Wikipidia", and there is also the article [[Wikipidia]]. So what is correct? It should be consistent everywhere. Thanks! --[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Amire80|talk]]) 07:50, 7 Ọnwaàsatọ 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], :The correct one is ”Wikipidia". :Regards, ::Hello[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], ::Its Wikipidia. ::Thanks ::Hello[[Ọbanife:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]], ::The correct should be Wikipidia ::Daalụ(Thanks) :[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo]] == Hip hop song == Juice bae decide to release his new song "title" dream juice prove that yesterday in his Twitter account juice while a lot of people eager to listen it. [[Ọbanife:Ramadan bin|Ramadan bin]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Ramadan bin|kwuo]]) 13:13, 23 Ọnwa iri 2021 (UTC) == Ihu mbụ == Asụpetaghị okwu a bụ ihu m bụ. O tosịr.i ịbụ Ihu mbụ. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|kwuo]]) 11:40, 11 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|kwuo]]Nke a bụ eziokwu. [[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|kwuo]]) 11:18, 31 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC) == NCPUG TheWikiVibrance International Youth Day 2022 (Audio and Photography) == We are delighted to inform you the Nigerian Commons Photographers User Group NCPUG will be participating in the programs of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/NCPUG_WikiBrance_International_Youth_Day_2022_(ID:_21913535)%7CWikiVibrance International Youth Day 2022], to bring you and the youth to the International Youth Day Campaign. Which is to be lunch at Wikimania August 2022 and other events afterwards, if intrested leave me message or a comment.[[User:Anass-koko|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Anass-koko</b></span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Anasskoko|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]</sup> 00:44, 12 Ọnwa asatọ 2022 (UTC) [[Òtù:Ihu mbụ]] [[Òtù:Édémédé egosipụtara]] == New featured article == Hello. I am currently working on translating an article (https://en.wikiipedia.org/wiki/Alhambra) into Igbo. It is a relatively large and well sourced article, and when it is done, it might be good enough to go into the featured article area (assuming that it is checked over enough to make sure it's fine). I've translated some already, (see [[Alhambra]]), but my grammar might not be perfect so I'd appreciate another person to check that (I'm a native English speaker). I would look forward to feedback. Best regards, [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 00:35, 26 Mee 2026 (UTC) :(Because the recent changes are so few, I'll ping someone: :@[[Ojiarụ:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]]) [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 00:37, 26 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:Ramadan bin|Ramadan bin]] [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 13:29, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) :I would expect to get (enough) done in about a month, maybe more, maybe less. In a bit after a month, I won't be using this account for a while, in which case it'll need to wait for September. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 00:40, 26 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::Hi @Wikipedian12512(alt), thank you for your support; I'm happy to go through the grammar and make corrections where necessary. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 17:31, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) :::Thanks! I think I've gotten into the flow of translating, and I think I'll probably finish sooner. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 18:09, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::::And I'm sure I made enough mistakes to make you shudder, so thanks. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 18:10, 27 Mee 2026 (UTC) :@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]]: :Maybe a DYK on [[Oyiyi nke Zeus na Olympia]]? I don’t trust myself with a main page translation, so here’s the English version of a possible DYK: :…That all we know about the details of the [[Oyiyi nke Zeus na Olympia]] come from Greek coins? [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 02:10, 31 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::Also, I have a few small issues with the formatting of the Main Page. Is it possible for me to fix those without being an admin? [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 02:12, 31 Mee 2026 (UTC) :I've got 78 paragraphs left to go, I started with somewhere around 200. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 16:18, 31 Mee 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], @[[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]]: Done with it. Could you look over the grammar? Thanks! [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 19:46, 16 Jụn 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] Daalụ maka nke a! :::I will go through it and effect any correction where needed. [[Ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|Lucy Iwuala]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Lucy Iwuala|ṅkátá]]) 16:31, 18 Jụn 2026 (UTC) == "Did you know..."s == I'll use this as a place to discuss potential DYKs. Here are some English versions of potential hooks (I'll leave the translation to someone else. I don't trust myself): ...That all we know about the details of the [[Oyiyi nke Zeus na Olympia]] come from Greek coins? ...That in the Netherlands, people use [[Polder|Polders]] to turn oceans into farmland? ...That "the [[Alhambra]]," when translated into Arabic, literally reads "the the red one"? People can feel free to add their own. [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|Wikipedian12512(alt)]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512(alt)|ṅkátá]]) 15:27, 1 Jụn 2026 (UTC) nnfiadolbezzkc7x2u3pn7pa7fdn8uh Ojiarụ:Amire80/mp 2 9059 741465 64065 2026-10-24T00:13:12Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741465 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ig.svg|frameless|center]] <div style="text-align: center"> Ị meela bia [[Wikipidia]], ihe [[njikọ̀ta edemede|njikọta edemede]] [[Wikipidia:Ndubàta|onye ọbụla]] nwere [[ọ̀dị̀n'ime unyetọ̀|ohere]] ị mezi. Edemede [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] di na [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Igbo]] [[Wikipidia:Ụdàkọ|Lee ebe edemede dakọrọ]] </div> nl7usjtofz83tszjjuttfzfv91jmwy3 Liquorose 0 10904 741469 580861 2026-10-24T00:13:53Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Roseline Omokhoa Afije''' (amụrụ 31 Maachị 1995), onye ama ama dị ka '''Liquorose''', bụ onye okike ọdịnaya Naịjirịa, onye na -eme ihe nkiri, onye ama ama n'ezie nke TV na onye ịgba egwu ọkachamara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Odutuyo|first=Adeyinka|date=2021-07-27|title=BBNaija's Liquorose impresses in 8 'fire' dance videos, to hit 1m IG fans soon|url=https://www.legit.ng/1426339-energetic-dance-videos-bbnaijas-liquarose-housemate-hit-1m-ig-fans.html|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye n'esote onye mbụ na Big Big Naija (oge 6) . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Whitemoney beat Pere, Cross, Emmanuel and Angel chop to win BBNaija season 6|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-58781282|accessdate=2021-10-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeyemi|first=Janet|date=2021-10-03|title=BBNaija: Whitemoney emerges winner, liquorose 1st runner up|url=https://firstnewsonline.ng/bbnaija-whitemoney-emerges-winner-liquorose-1st-runner-up|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=First News NG|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003204250/https://firstnewsonline.ng/bbnaija-whitemoney-emerges-winner-liquorose-1st-runner-up}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Liquorose bụ onye [[Ȯra Edo|Edo Steeti]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], mana amụrụ ya na Surulere, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]], ebe o toro. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=Liquorose - GGB’s dance oracle|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/liquorose-ggbs-dance-oracle/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ gara Itire Nursery na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị wee mechaa Del International College, Ijeshatedo, Surulere maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=Afije Roseline Omokhoa: Dancer with a difference|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/afije-roseline-omokhoa-dancer-with-a-difference/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Na 2012, e gosipụtara Liquorose na usoro ihe nkiri TV a ma ama na -atọ ọchị The Johnson's ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọrụ ebere. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Samuel|first=David|date=2021-08-06|title=BBNaija 2021: Liquorose Played A Role With Spiff In TV Series, The Johnsons [VIDEO]|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/entertainment/2021/08/06/bbnaija-2021-liquorose-played-a-role-with-spiff-in-tv-series-the-johnson-video/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oloruni|first=Sola|date=2021-08-07|title=Throwback video shows Liquorose professing love to Spiff in The Johnsons drama|url=https://www.legit.ng/1428238-bbnaija-liquorose-rocks-school-uniform-as-throwback-video-shows-her-in-the-johnsons-tv-drama.html|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> Na 2015, Liquorose pụtara na ihe nkiri, "The OAP", na obere ihe nkiri, "HEX" na 2016. <ref name=":0" /> === Ọrụ ịgba egwu === Liquorose nwetara ebe mbụ ya dị ka onye na -agba egwu na vidiyo egwu nwere 2face na egwu ya "ọgwụgwọ ime mmụọ". <ref name=":0"/> O mekwara otu egwu akpọrọ GGB (Girls Got Bold) ya na Odiley Emmanuella na Efiowu Ifeoma, <ref name=":0" /> ma soro ndị egwu Naịjirịa rụkọọ ọrụ dịka; Davido, [[Wizkid]], Olamide, Tiwa Savage, Yemi Alade, flavor, Mr Eazi, Seyi Shay, Timaya, Ycee, Iyanya, Kcee, 2Face, [[P-Square|Psquare]], Dbanj, Don Jazzy, [[Phyno]], P Square, Yung6ix, [[Wande Coal|Wande Cole]] [[Teni (singer)|Teni]], Runtown, Lynx, Skiibii, Aramide, Dija, Dr Sid, D'prince, Mc Galaxy, CDQ, Iceprince, Orezi, [[Chidinma]], lil Kesh, [[Patoranking]], [[Harrysong]], Humble Smith na ndị ọzọ na -ese ihe na Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-14|title=Meet Afije Roseline Omokhoa: Dancer who sees passion, effort as powerful tools|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/meet-afije-roseline-omokhoa-dancer-who-sees-passion-effort-as-powerful-tools/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> === Big Brother Naija === Liquorose banyere n'ime oge nke isii nke ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka nwanyị nke asaa n'ụlọ mbikota na 25 Julaị 2021. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Damilola|first=Ogunsakin|date=2021-07-25|title=BBNaija housemate Liquorose, dancer, actress, now N90m contender|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/bbnaija-housemate-liquorose-dancer-actress-now-n90m-contender/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=BBC News Pidgin|title=Meet di female housemates of BBNaija 'shine ya eye' season 6 house|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57963017|accessdate=2021-10-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Adewole|first=Segun|date=2021-07-25|title=BBNaija Season Six female housemates unveiled|url=https://punchng.com/bbnaija-season-six-female-housemates-unveiled/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Precious|first=Chukwudi|date=2021-07-25|title=BBN Season 6 housemates: Meet the boss ladies|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/bbn-season-6-housemates-meet-the-boss-ladies/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bu onye mbụ na ụlọ mbikota na ihe nkiri a gafere 1 nde na [[Instagram]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-03|title=Liquorose becomes first BBNaija S6 Housemate to hit 1.M followers on Instagram|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/liquorose-becomes-first-bbnaija-s6-housemate-to-hit-1-m-followers-on-instagram/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Victoria|first=Edeme|date=2021-07-29|title=Liquorose becomes first to hit 1m followers on Instagram - Punch Newspapers BBNaija S6: Liquorose becomes first to hit 1m followers on Instagram|url=https://punchng.com/bbnaija-s6-liquorose-becomes-first-to-hit-1m-followers-on-instagram/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bu onye mbụ na esota [[Whitemoney]] onye mmeri. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Olonilua|first=Ademola|date=2021-10-03|title=BREAKING: Liquorose emerges first runner up in BBNaija S6|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-liquorose-emerges-first-runner-up-in-bbnaija-s6/|accessdate=2021-10-03|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Mbụ ! Ọrụ ! Ihe edeturu |- | 2012 | ''<nowiki>[[The Johnsons (usoro onyonyo nke Naijiria) | nke Johnson</nowiki>'' | Ọrụ ebere]] |Ihe ọchị Usoro TV |- | 2021 |Big Brother season 6 | Onwe ya | Ihe ngosi n'ezie |} == Nsidee == {{Reflist}}   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lsv0hmhbno2x5xiiwd02eaqdizo9v0b Evelyn Berezin 0 12586 741503 89590 2026-10-24T11:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Evelyn Berezin''' (Eprel 12, 1925 - Disemba 8, 2018) <ref name="McFadden">{{Cite news|author=McFadden, Robert D.|date=2018-12-10|title=Evelyn Berezin, 93, Dies; Built the First True Word Processor|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/10/obituaries/evelyn-berezin-dead.html|accessdate=2018-12-18}}</ref> bụ onye America mepụtara kọmpụta nke kọmpụta izizi kọmpụta . <ref name="McFadden" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-46539934|title=Word processor pioneer dies aged 93|date=2018-12-12|work=BBC News|accessdate=2018-12-12|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na sistemụ kọmputa na-achịkwa maka ndoputa ụgbọ elu . <ref name="wayne">{{Cite book|author=Wayne|first=Tiffany K.|title=American Women of Science Since 1900|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598841589|pages=234|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPGZJ_YuMwgC}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Berezin na ọwụwa anyanwụ Bronx na 1925 site na [[Jew|ndị Juu]] kwabatara na Alaeze Ukwu Russia, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Christopher Columbus . <ref name="McFadden" /> Ọ malitere mahadum na Hunter College na January 1941, na-amụ Economics kama [[Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị|Physics]] ọ masịrị n'ihi na a họọrọ ya dị ka isiokwu maka ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ. Mgbe WWII malitere, ohere ọhụrụ mere ka ọmụmụ physics kwe omume site na ohere agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum New York, gbakwunyere klaasị efu na ma Hunter na Brooklyn Polytech n'oge afọ agha. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ oge nile n'ehihie dị ka onye inyeaka na Ngalaba Rheology nke Ngalaba Nchọpụta nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ebi akwụkwọ Mba Nile (IPI). Ịga mahadum n'abalị, ọ natara BS ya. na physics na 1946. <ref name="McFadden" /> == Ọrụ na ntinye aka == Berezin malitere ọrụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum New York, na-enwe mkpakọrịta site na United States Atomic Energy Commission . <ref name="SION">{{Cite web|url=https://sionpower.com/about/|title=About Sion Power|accessdate=December 18, 2018|work=Sion Power|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511214608/https://sionpower.com/about/|archive-date=May 11, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 1951 ọ nakweere ọrụ na Electronic Computer Corporation wee malite ebe ahụ dị ka onye isi nke Logic Design Department. Berezin bụ naanị onye na-eme atụmatụ mgbagha maka kọmpụta nke ECC mepụtara. <ref name="SION" /> N'afọ 1957, ụlọ ọrụ Underwood zụtara ECC (nke a na-akpọbu Underwood Typewriter Company ). N'ebe a, ọ haziri ọtụtụ kọmpụta bụ ndị zuru oke na nhazi mana nke dị n'otu n'otu na ngwa. Otu n'ime ha bụ usoro maka ndị agha US maka ịgbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche, usoro maka ịchịkwa nkesa magazin, na ihe a na-ewere ugbu a dị ka kọmpụta ụlọ ọrụ mbụ. <ref name="witi">{{Cite web|title=Evelyn Berezin|url=http://www.witi.com/center/witimuseum/halloffame/303047/Evelyn-Berezin-Management-Consultant-Brookhaven-Science-Associates/|work=WITI Hall of Fame|publisher=Women in Technology International}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ Underwood Typewriter enweghị ike ịga n'ihu na mmepe ahụ gafere 1957, Berezin wee gaa ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ Teleregister, nke bụbu ngalaba nke Western Union . <ref name="Teleregister">{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/t-z/teleregister-corporation/|title=Teleregister Corporation|publisher=Computer History Museum|quote=In 1948, Western Union established one of their divisions, Teleregister, as a separate company. Its communications expertise gave it a prominent position in the uniting of elementary data processing and data transmission. It produced display units for stock brokers, and, in 1952, created a seat management system for the American Airlines New York Office.|date=December 7, 2018|accessdate=December 16, 2018}}</ref> N'iji kọmpụta oghere oghere na mgbanwe ọkụ eletrik, Teleregister wuru otu n'ime sistemụ ndoputa ụgbọ elu mbụ, " Reservisor ". <ref name="Reservisor">{{Cite journal|title=The Reservisor automated airline reservation system: combining communications and computing|author=Eklund|first=Jon|journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing|doi=10.1109/85.251855|date=1994|volume=16|pages=62–69}}</ref> N'iji teknụzụ transistor dị ọhụrụ, Berezin mepụtara usoro ndoputa kọmputa maka United Airlines nke bụ otu n'ime usoro kọmputa kachasị ukwuu n'oge ahụ, na-achịkwa obodo 60 na usoro nkwurịta okwu nke na-enye oge nzaghachi 1 nke abụọ. <ref name="CHM2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Evelyn,Berezin/|title=Evelyn Berezin — 2015 Fellow|author=CHM|quote=Transistors became available in about 1957-58 and the breadth of capability suddenly expanded substantially. Computers were much faster and communication systems started to become particularly important. Berezin, then at Teleregister in Connecticut, designed one of the largest systems built at that time: a passenger reservations system for United Airlines, delivered in about 1962.|work=Computer History Museum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202091047/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Evelyn,Berezin/|archivedate=2015-02-02|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Teleregister, Berezin mepụtakwara usoro ụlọ akụ kọmputa nke mbụ. <ref name="Domske">{{Cite news|author=Camila Domonske|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/676024428/evelyn-berezin-computer-scientist-behind-groundbreaking-word-processor-dies-at-9|title=Evelyn Berezin, Computer Scientist Behind Groundbreaking Word Processor, Dies At 93|work=[[National Public Radio]]|date=2018-12-12|accessdate=2018-12-13}}</ref> N'afọ 1968, Berezin nwere echiche maka nhazi okwu iji mee ka ọrụ ndị odeakwụkwọ dị mfe, na 1969 ọ tọrọ ntọala Redactron Corporation, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2018/12/11/actualidad/1544546267_076535.html|title=Muere Evelyn Berezin, creadora del primer procesador digital de textos|accessdate=December 13, 2018|author=Pozzi|first=Sandro|date=December 12, 2018|work=[[El País]]|language=es|quote=Berezin diseñó el primer sistema central de reservas de United Airlines cuando trabajaba para Teleregister y otro similar para gestionar la contabilidad de la banca a nivel nacional. En 1968 empezó a trabajar en la idea de un ordenador que procesara textos, utilizando pequeños circuitos integrados. Al año decidió dejar la empresa para crear la suya propia, que llamó Redactron Corporation.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212182024/https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2018/12/11/actualidad/1544546267_076535.html|archivedate=December 12, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="SION" /> nke ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze ma nyefee ọtụtụ puku usoro n'aka ndị ahịa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa. A na-akpọ isi ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ " Onye odeakwụkwọ Data " na ọ dị nha nke obere friji, enweghị ihuenyo, na keyboard na ngwa nbipute bụ ụdị typewriter IBM Selectric . <ref name="McFadden" /> N'afọ ndị 1970, ọ bụ ezie na ahịa ahụ nọgidere na-esiwanye ike na akụ na ụba ahụ nwere nnukwu ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa, na-abawanye ọnụego ọmụrụ nwa ruo ọkwa (16%) bụ nke na-enweghị ike maka azụmahịa dị ka Redactron nke na-arụ ọrụ na ụwa nke a na-agbazinye ngwá ọrụ. E rere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Burroughs Corporation na 1976, wee tinye ya na ngalaba akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ ya. Berezin nọrọ ruo mgbe 1979. <ref name="wayne" /> Na 1980, Berezin jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Greenhouse Management Company, Onye Mmekọ General nke otu nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nke raara nye ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu nke mmalite. <ref name="SION" /> N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile ọ nwetara nzere doctorate site na Mahadum Adelphi na Mahadum Eastern Michigan . <ref name="SION" /> Berezin rụkwara ọrụ na bọọdụ nke CIGNA, Standard Microsystems, Koppers, na Datapoint . <ref name="CHM">CHM Editorial Team, [https://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/remembering-chm-fellow-evelyn-berezin/ Remembering CHM Fellow Evelyn Berezin], [[Computer History Museum]], December 11, 2018. </ref> Berezin jere ozi na Board nke Stony Brook Foundation na Stony Brook University, Brookhaven National Laboratory na Boyce Thompson Institute . <ref name="SION" /> Berezin guzobe Berezin-Wilenitz Endowment, nke ga-enye uru nke ala ya iji kwụọ ụgwọ ma ọ bụ oche, prọfesọ, ma ọ bụ ego nyocha na Stony Brook na ngalaba sayensị ọ bụla dịka ekwuru na uche na ọgbụgba ndụ ya . <ref name="StonyBrook">{{Cite web|url=http://www.givingyourway.org/stonybrook/donor-Wilenitz.html|title=Donor Profiles Evelyn Berezin and Israel Wilenitz|accessdate=December 13, 2018|work=Giving Your Way Org.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012215/http://www.givingyourway.org/stonybrook/donor-Wilenitz.html|archivedate=April 19, 2014}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na onyinye ahụ, Berezin na di ya nwụrụ anwụ kwadoro Sam na Rose Berezin Endowed Scholarship, akwụkwọ nkuzi zuru oke nke a na-enye nwa akwụkwọ na-agụghị akwụkwọ nke na-ezube ịmụ akwụkwọ na sayensị, injinia ma ọ bụ mgbakọ na mwepụ, iji sọpụrụ ya. nne na nna. Berezin na Wilenitz guzobekwara onyinye Wilenitz nke Israel. Nke a na-enye ego akọ na ngalaba mmụta asụsụ na Mahadum Stony Brook, ebe Wilenitz nwetara nzere Masters . <ref name="StonyBrook" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == Berezin lụrụ Israel Wilenitz, onye injinia kemịkalụ, nke a mụrụ na 1922 na [[London]] afọ 51. Wilenitz nwụrụ na February 20, 2003. <ref name="wilenitz">{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice:Deaths Wilentitz, Israel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/23/classified/paid-notice-deaths-wilenitz-israel.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Berezin nwụrụ na Disemba 8, 2018, mgbe ọ dị afọ 93 ka ọ na-agwọ ọrịa kansa. <ref name="McFadden" /> == Ihe nrite == * 2006 Long Island Technology Hall of Fame <ref name="witi" /> * 2006 Women Achiever's Against the Odds Honoree for Long Island Fund for Women and Girls <ref name="StonyBrook" /> * 2011 Women in Technology International (WITI) Hall of Fame <ref name="witi" /> * Ihe nrite onye ndu pụrụiche nke Long Island <ref name="witi" /> * Ndị inyom 100 kacha elu na-azụ ahịa na United States na magazin ''BusinessWeek'' <ref name="witi" /> * Doctorate nsọpụrụ sitere na Mahadum Adelphi <ref name="StonyBrook" /> <ref name="SION" /> * Doctorate nsọpụrụ sitere na Mahadum Eastern Michigan <ref name="StonyBrook" /> <ref name="SION" /> * Na 2015, e mere ya onye otu nke Kọmputa History Museum maka "ọrụ mbụ ya na nhazi kọmputa na oge ndụ nke ọrụ ọchụnta ego." <ref name="CHM2015" /> * A kpọbatara ya na National Inventors Hall of Fame na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.invent.org/inductees/evelyn-berezin|title=Evelyn Berezin|author=|first=|date=|work=Invent.org|accessdate=}}</ref> == Ikike ikike == * Ngwa nnyefe ozi <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US3312945 A|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3312945}}</ref> * Ihe nhazi faịlụ data eletrọnịkị <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US3017610 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US3017610}}</ref> * Sistemụ Nnyefe Ozi <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US3256514 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US3256514}}</ref> * Ngwa Nyefee Data Ọnlaịnụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US3231865 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US3231865}}</ref> * Mgbakọ eletrik <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US3461552 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US3461552}}</ref> * Sistemụ nhazi data <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US2913176 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US2913176}}</ref> * Ngwaọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US2943790 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US2943790}}</ref> * Ihe mgbako eletrọnịkị nwere ndekọ nchekwa na-emegharịgharị okirikiri <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US3187167 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US3187167}}</ref> * Njikwa pụtara na ndekọ ndekọ maka ihe mgbako eletrọnịkị <ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Patents US2973141 A|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US2973141}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} <references /> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ffwnmcif7f3nf7bpwcffq5rr5x2s6tc Environmental enteropathy 0 12983 741497 699097 2026-10-24T10:07:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Environmental enteropathy''' ( '''EE''' ma ọ bụ '''tropical enteropathy''' ma ọ bụ '''gburugburu ebe obibi n'adighi nke ọma''' ) bụ nsogbu nke mbufụt nke eriri afọ na-adịghị ala ala. <ref name="ali2016">{{Cite journal|title=Environmental enteropathy|journal=Current Opinion in Gastroenterology|volume=32|issue=1|pages=12–7|date=January 2016|pmid=26574871|doi=10.1097/MOG.0000000000000226}}</ref> <ref name="korpe2012">{{Cite journal|title=Environmental enteropathy: critical implications of a poorly understood condition|journal=Trends in Molecular Medicine|volume=18|issue=6|pages=328–36|date=June 2012|pmid=22633998|doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.007}}</ref> <ref name="louis2017">{{Cite journal|title=Tropical Enteropathies|journal=Current Gastroenterology Reports|volume=19|issue=7|pages=29|date=July 2017|pmid=28540669|doi=10.1007/s11894-017-0570-0}}</ref> EE bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ụmụaka bi na ntọala akụrụngwa dị ala. <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> Mgbaàmà dị oke njọ na-adịkarị ntakịrị ma ọ bụ adịghị. <ref name="korpe2012" /> EE nwere ike iduga erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, anaemia (anaemia na -adịghị ike nke ígwè na anaemia nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala ), <ref name="ali2016" /> na-eto eto, ụbụrụ ụbụrụ na-adịghị mma, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), environmental enteropathy, nutrition, and early child development: making the links|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=1308|issue=1|pages=118–28|date=January 2014|pmid=24571214|doi=10.1111/nyas.12330}}</ref> <ref name="bhutta2017">{{Cite journal|title=Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation: The Evolving Global Child Health Landscape|journal=Pediatrics|volume=139|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S12–S22|date=April 2017|pmid=28562245|doi=10.1542/peds.2016-2828d}}</ref> <ref name="john2017">{{Cite journal|title=Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Early to Middle Childhood in Low-Resource Settings|journal=Pediatrics|volume=139|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S59–S71|date=April 2017|pmid=28562249|doi=10.1542/peds.2016-2828h}}</ref> na nzaghachi na-adịghị mma maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Early-life enteric infections: relation between chronic systemic inflammation and poor cognition in children|journal=Nutrition Reviews|volume=74|issue=6|pages=374–86|date=June 2016|pmid=27142301|doi=10.1093/nutrit/nuw008}}</ref> <ref name="czerkinsky2015">{{Cite journal|title=Vaccines against enteric infections for the developing world|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=370|issue=1671|pages=20150142|date=June 2015|pmid=25964464|doi=10.1098/rstb.2015.0142}}</ref> Ihe kpatara EE bụ multifactorial. N'ozuzu, ikpughe nri na mmiri emetọọ na-eduga na ọnọdụ mbufụt nke eriri afọ. <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> Nzaghachi na-egbuke egbuke na-eme ka mgbanwe dị iche iche na-eme mgbanwe na tract gastrointestinal: obere villi, nnukwu crypts (a na-akpọ hyperplasia crypt ), mmụba na- abawanye, na mmalite cell na-ewuli elu n'ime eriri afọ. <ref name="korpe2012" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> <ref name="prendergast2012">{{Cite journal|title=Enteropathies in the developing world: neglected effects on global health|journal=The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=86|issue=5|pages=756–63|date=May 2012|pmid=22556071|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0743}}</ref> Mgbanwe ndị a na-ebute adịghị mma nke nri, vitamin na mineral. Nchọpụta achọpụtara ahazi, nke bara uru na ụlọ ọgwụ adịghị. Nnwale nyocha kacha zie ezi bụ biopsy eriri afọ. Agbanyeghị, ule a na-akpa ike na ọ dịghị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa. <ref name="ali2016" /> Mgbochi bụ nhọrọ kachasị ike na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka igbochi EE na mmetụta ya. Ya mere, a na-ekwurịtakarị mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ EE ọnụ. <ref name="prendergast2012" /> <ref name="humphrey2009">{{Cite journal|title=Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_september-19-25-2009_374_9694/page/1032|journal=Lancet|volume=374|issue=9694|pages=1032–1035|date=September 2009|pmid=19766883|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60950-8}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Preventing environmental enteric dysfunction through improved water, sanitation and hygiene: an opportunity for stunting reduction in developing countries|journal=Maternal & Child Nutrition|volume=12 Suppl 1|pages=106–20|date=May 2016|pmid=26542185|doi=10.1111/mcn.12220}}</ref> == Ihe akara ama na mgbaàmà == Ekwenyere na Environmental enteropathy gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebute [[Agụụ|erighị ihe]] na-edozi ahụ na-adịghị ala ala yana mbelata uto na-esote (ntụta ogo dị ala maka afọ) yana ụkọ ntolite ụmụaka ndị ọzọ.  === Mgbaàmà nke Obere oge === EE adịkarịghị akara ngosi ma a na-ewere ya dị ka ọnọdụ subclinical . <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> Otú ọ dị, ndị okenye nwere ike inwe mgbaàmà dị nro ma ọ bụ malabsorption dị ka mgbanwe stool agbanwe agbanwe, ụbara stool ugboro na mbelata ibu.  === Mgbaama nke Ogologo oge === * Erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ́ <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> ** EE na-ebute erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ site na malabsorption na ụkọ nri. * Uto na mmepe anụ ahụ <ref name="prendergast2012" /> ** Afọ abụọ mbụ (na ọnwa itoolu gara aga nke ndụ nwa ebu n'afọ) dị oke mkpa maka uto ahịrị. Ịkwụ ụgwọ bụ ihe dị mfe iji tụọ ihe mgbaàmà nke erughi ntolite ụmụaka ndị a. * Neurocognitive (mmepe ụbụrụ) <ref name="bhutta2017" /> <ref name="john2017" /> * Mmetụta na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ <ref name="czerkinsky2015" /> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Exploring the role of environmental enteropathy in malnutrition, infant development and oral vaccine response|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=370|issue=1671|pages=20140143|date=June 2015|pmid=25964455|doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0143}}</ref> ** Ọtụtụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ, ma ndị dị ndụ ma ndị na-abụghị ndị dị ndụ, egosila na ha adịchaghị ihe nchebe ma ọ bụ na-echebe ya mgbe a na-enye ụmụ ọhụrụ, ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị okenye bi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dị ala na mba ndị ka na -emepe emepe karịa ka a na-eji ya na mba ndị mepere emepe . A na-eche na EE zuru ebe niile ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-enye aka maka nlebanya a. [[Usòrò:Poliodrops.jpg|thumb| Nwata na-anata ọgwụ mgbochi polio ọnụ. Enwere ụfọdụ ihe akaebe na njirimara dysfunction enteric nke EE nwere ike imebi ịdị irè nke ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ.]] == Ihe kpatara ya == Mmepe nke EE bụ ọtụtụ ihe, mana ọ na-emetụtakarị ya na ikpughe nri na mmiri adịghị ala ala. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa n'ebe ndị ebe a na-asachapụ ebe niile na enweghị ebe ịdị ọcha na-adịkarị. <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> == Mechanism == Ogologo oge ikpughe na pathogens gburugburu ebe obibi na-eduga n'ozuzu ọnọdụ nke mbufụt nke eriri afọ. Ọfụfụ na-adịghị ala ala na-ebutekari ma mgbanwe arụ ọrụ yana nhazi nke na-agbanwe ike nke eriri afọ na ikike nke eriri afọ iji nweta nri. <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> [[Usòrò:Villous_atrophy_in_endoscopic_images.png|thumb| Ihe akaebe nke atrophy villous na onyonyo endoscopic nke obere eriri afọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tropical Enteropathies|journal=Current Gastroenterology Reports|volume=19|issue=7|pages=29|date=July 2017|pmid=28540669|doi=10.1007/s11894-017-0570-0}}</ref>]] Kpọmkwem, mgbanwe nhazi n'ime eriri afọ gụnyere obere villi, nnukwu crypts (nke a na-akpọ hyperplasia crypt ), ịba ụba nke permeability, na sel mkpali na-ebuli n'ime eriri afọ. Mgbanwe ndị a na-ebute adịghị mma nke nri, vitamin na mineral - ma ọ bụ " malabsorption nke dị ntakịrị". <ref name="ali2016" /> <ref name="korpe2012" /> <ref name="louis2017" /> [[Usòrò:Environmental_enteropathy_-_mechanism_model.png|thumb| Usoro dị mfe na-akọwapụta ihe kpatara na mmetụta nke EE.]] == Nchọpụta nchọpụta == Nnwale nyocha nke ọkọlọtọ ọla edo dị ugbu a maka EE bụ biopsy intestinal na nyocha histological. Mgbanwe nke akụkọ ihe mere eme gụnyere: <ref name="louis2017" /> * Nkwuwa okwu ọjọọ * Crypt hypertrophy * Njikọ ọjọọ * Mucosal mbufụt Otú ọ dị, a na-ewere usoro a dị ka ihe na-emerụ emerụ, mgbagwoju anya ma dị oke ọnụ iji tinye ya dị ka ọkọlọtọ nlekọta. <ref name="ali2016" /> N'ihi ya, a na-eme mgbalị nyocha dị iche iche iji chọpụta ihe ndị na -emepụta ihe na-ejikọta na EE, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, ma na-anọchite anya ngwaọrụ iji nyochaa ma chọpụta EE site na ihe nlele nyocha nke nsi. <ref name="ali2016" /> N'ịgbalị ịchọpụta ule nyocha dị mfe, ziri ezi maka EE, Ntoala nke Bill na Melinda Gates (BMGF) eguzobela EE biomarkers consortium dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ Global Grand Challenges atumatu (kpọmkwem, Discover Biomarkers of Gut Function challenge). <ref name="ali2016" /> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a họrọla ma mụọ ihe dị iche iche biomarkers dabere na nghọta ugbu a nke EE pathophysiology: <ref name="ali2016" /> * Permeability nke eriri afọ /ọrụ mgbochi ** Permeability nke shuga abụọ ( lactose -to- mannitol ruru) * Ọrịa eriri afọ ** Alfa-1 mgbochi-trypsin ** Neopterin ** Myeloperoxidase * Exocrine (hormonal) akara * Ihe nrịbama ntụgharị nje bacteria ** Endotoxin core antibody * Ihe nrịbama nke sistemu sistem ** Alfa-1 glycoprotein ** Protein C-reactive (CRP)&nbsp; A na-ekwupụta na njedebe nke nghọta nke EE bụ akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi ụkọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, na-eme ka o siere ndị na-eme nchọpụta ike ịchọta ọrịa na-efe efe nke ọnọdụ ahụ ma chọpụta ịdị irè nke ntinye aka. <ref name="prendergast2012" /> === Nhazi dị iche iche === N'afọ ndị 1960, ndị na-eme nchọpụta kọrọ banyere ọrịa nke mgbanwe mgbanwe nke histopathological na arụ ọrụ na obere eriri afọ na ndị mmadụ bi n'ọnọdụ adịghị ọcha. <ref name="korpe2012" /> A na-ahụta ọrịa a na mpaghara okpomọkụ n'ofe Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa na [[Asia]]. Nkesa ala nke ọrịa ahụ na-eduga na okwu mbụ nke "enteropathy okpomọkụ" (mgbe ụfọdụ na-enwekwa "jejunopathy okpomọkụ"). <ref name="korpe2012" /> N'ịgbaso akụkọ mbụ, nyocha ọzọ gosiri na mgbaàmà ndị a abụghị kpọmkwem maka ihu igwe okpomọkụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị nọ ná mba ebe okpomọkụ ka baa ọgaranya, dị ka Qatar na Singapore, egosighị mgbaàmà ndị a. <ref name="louis2017" /> N'otu aka ahụ, nchọpụta ndị ọzọ egosila na ọnọdụ a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ofe mba ndị na-emepe emepe, jikọtara ya na ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye ma na-adabereghị na ihu igwe ma ọ bụ ọdịdị ala. <ref name="louis2017" /> <ref name="prendergast2012" /> N'ihi ya, e webatara okwu ahụ bụ "environmental enteropathy" iji kọwaa na ọ bụghị nanị na a na-ahụ ọnọdụ a na ebe okpomọkụ ma kwenyere na ọ bụ ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi kpatara ya. <ref name="korpe2012" /> == Ụzọ Mgbochi == [[Usòrò:AFRICA_BASIN_AND_PITCHER_FOR_WASHING_HANDS.jpg|thumb| A na-akwado usoro ịdị ọcha, dị ka ịsacha aka tupu ịkwadebe nri, na ụzọ mgbochi nke EE.]] Ụzọ Mgbochi na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ịnweta mmiri, idebe ihe ọcha na ịdị ọcha (WASH) . <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Preventing environmental enteric dysfunction through improved water, sanitation and hygiene: an opportunity for stunting reduction in developing countries|journal=Maternal & Child Nutrition|volume=12 Suppl 1|pages=106–20|date=May 2016|pmid=26542185|doi=10.1111/mcn.12220}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), environmental enteropathy, nutrition, and early child development: making the links|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=1308|issue=1|pages=118–28|date=January 2014|pmid=24571214|doi=10.1111/nyas.12330}}</ref> Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa nwere ike ịbụ ala emetọọ n'ebe egwuregwu ụmụaka, nke na-ebutekarị site na ọnụnọ anụ ụlọ dịka ọkụkọ n'ime ezinụlọ. Ịmepụta oghere egwuregwu dị ọcha nwere ike bụrụ ihe mgbochi dị irè maka EE na ụmụaka. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Impaired Growth|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health|volume=23|issue=1|pages=26–33|date=January 2018|pmid=29121442|doi=10.1111/tmi.13002}}</ref> == Ọgwụgwọ == Ọgwụgwọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịgbasa isi ihe dị n'etiti mbufụt nke eriri afọ, mmụba nke nje bacteria na mgbakwunye nri. <ref name="ali2016" /> == Epidemiology == Environmental enteropathy (EE) na-emetụtakarị ụmụaka bi na mba ndị nwere obere ego na nke etiti (LMIC). <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|title=Environmental enteric dysfunction: a review of potential mechanisms, consequences and management strategies|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=17|issue=1|pages=181|date=November 2019|pmid=31760941|doi=10.1186/s12916-019-1417-3|url=}}</ref> Achọpụtara ụmụaka ndị bi na mba ndị a ka ha nwere nje nje metụtara EE na sistemu ha n'ime oge niile ha bụ nwata. <ref name=":03" /> Ọrịa afọ ime afọ jikọtara ya na EE abụghị ọmụmụ mana a na-enweta ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata ma na-adịgide ruo n'oge. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|title=Environmental enteric dysfunction and growth|journal=Jornal de Pediatria|volume=95 Suppl 1|pages=85–94|date=2019-03-01|pmid=30629923|doi=10.1016/j.jped.2018.11.004|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021755718311124}}</ref> <ref name=":33">{{Cite journal|title=Environmental enteric dysfunction: an overview|journal=Food and Nutrition Bulletin|volume=36|issue=1 Suppl|pages=S76-87|date=March 2015|pmid=25902619|doi=10.1177/15648265150361S113}}</ref> Ọdịiche dị otú ahụ na-etolite mgbe ọkara nke mbụ nke ndụ na-adịghị adị na ụmụ ọhụrụ. <ref name=":13" /> Kemgbe ụwa, environmental enteropathy gburugburu ebe obibi agbasawo na LMICs. <ref name=":33" /> Nkesa ala dum nke enteropathy gburugburu ebe obibi egosila mmụba nke ọnọdụ na mpaghara ndị dị otú ahụ nke adịghị ọcha na ịdị ọcha. <ref name=":03" /> E bu ụzọ kọwaa EE na nyocha sitere n'afọ 1960-70 nke emere na Asia, Africa, subcontinent [[Ndia|India]], na Central America, n'oge a chọpụtara na akara EE dị elu n'etiti ndị okenye na ụmụaka nwere ahụike. <ref name=":23">{{Cite journal|title=Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Children|journal=Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition|volume=63|issue=1|pages=6–14|date=July 2016|pmid=26974416|doi=10.1097/MPG.0000000000001147}}</ref> A na-akpọkarị ọmụmụ ihe sitere n'afọ 1971 na-esote ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo US Peace Corps dị ka ihe ọmụmụ mbụ gosipụtara ikike iji nweta na ịgbake na EE dịka gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref name=":33" /> Ndị sonyere na-enweta ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa enteric na-adịghị ala ala n'oge na obere oge ka ha lọtachara na ntinye ha na mba ndị na-akpata obere ego na etiti. <ref name=":03" /> Ekpebiri akara mgbaàmà nke ndị si mba ọzọ nwetara n'ime otu afọ ma ọ bụ afọ abụọ ka ha laghachiri n'ụlọ US. <ref name=":33" /> Nsonaazụ ndị a na-eduga na aro nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe kpatara EE, na ọmụmụ ihe mechara na Zambia nwere ike nweta nkwubi okwu yiri nke ahụ. <ref name=":33" /> Ka ọ na-erule mmalite mgbe afọ 1990s, a chọpụtara na enteropathy gburugburu ebe obibi bụ nsogbu zuru ebe niile na-emetụta ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụaka. <ref name=":33" /> Taa, ọrịa enteric na ọrịa [[afọ ọsịsa]] dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi enteropathy na-akpata ọnwụ narị puku asaa na iri isii kwa afọ n'ụwa nile, na-eme ka EE bụrụ nke abụọ na-akpata ọnwụ na ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name=":23" /> Ihe kpatara ya na nsonaazụ EE siri ike guzobe n'ihi, akụkụ ụfọdụ, n'ihi enweghị nkọwa ọrịa doro anya. <ref name=":03" /> Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị dị ize ndụ dị ma ha nwere ike ịbụ ma gburugburu ebe obibi na nri. <ref name=":03" /> Ọnọdụ ndị dịbu adị dị ka ụkọ micronutrient, ọrịa afọ ọsịsa, na ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala dị iche iche na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ize ndụ maka EE. <ref name=":03" /> Ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka adịghị ọcha na-adịghị ọcha na ebe mmiri na-adịghị mma na-enyekwa aka na mgbasa nke EE. <ref name=":03" /> A na-eche na ikpughe ihe ndị na-ahụ maka microbial gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ndị a bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na mmepe nke EE. <ref name=":13" /> == Atụmatụ nyocha == Enwere ọtụtụ nnukwu ubi, atụmatụ nyocha nke mba dị iche iche na-elekwasị anya na atụmatụ iji gbochie na ịgwọ EE. <ref name="prendergast2012" /> * Ọrụ [https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221201/https://fnih.org/what-we-do/current-research-programs/mal-ed MAL-ED] * Ọrụ oriri na-edozi ahụ nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20150227114159/http://aliveandthrive.org/ Alive and Thrive] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150812041158/http://blogs.cornell.edu/centirgroup/research-projects/shine/ Nnwale ịdị ọcha, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha nke nwa ọhụrụ (SHINE)] (ihe nchọpụta ClinicalTrials.gov: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01824940 NCT01824940] ) * Ọmụmụ [https://web.archive.org/web/20190416201310/http://water.stanford.edu/research/water-sanitation-and-health/wash-benefits-bangladesh-kenya Uru WASH] {{Clear}} == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pvbs5psa2tvmr85w7w6w7aqsi48y6ka Mame Thiam 0 13904 741470 722358 2026-10-24T00:13:54Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mame Baba Thiam''' (ka amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 9 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] Senegal na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbara Süper Lig club Kayserispor na ndị otu mba Senegal bọọlụ. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ ntorobịa === A mụrụ ya na Nguidile, Louga Region, Thiam hapụrụ [[Italy|Ịtali]] mgbe ọ dị obere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://giovanili.inter.it/aas/squadra?stagione=2010/11&IDS=1&L=en|title=F.C. INTERNAZIONALE MILANO - OFFICIAL WEB SITE|work=inter.it|accessdate=2022-06-04|archivedate=2016-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913123057/http://giovanili.inter.it/aas/squadra?stagione=2010/11&IDS=1&L=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/acces.php?idcr=08333|title=PEPAM|work=pepam.gouv.sn|accessdate=19 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026115044/http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/acces.php?idcr=08333|archivedate=26 October 2018}}</ref> A họpụtara ya na ndị otu Veneto mpaghara ''Allievi'' maka Coppa Nazionale Primavera, asọmpi megide ndị nnọchi anya mpaghara Italy ndị ọzọ na oge 2007–08.<ref>Finali Nazionali per Rappresentative Regionali Allievi {{Cite news|url=http://www.settoregiovanile.figc.it/NAZIONALE/COM_UFF/2004/c.u.17%20-%2002a%20giornata.pdf|title=CU n.17 (2007–08)|date=22 June 2008|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=Settore Giovanile e Scolastico (SGS), FIGC|language=Italian|archive-date=25 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080630/http://www.settoregiovanile.figc.it/NAZIONALE/COM_UFF/2004/c.u.17%20-%2002a%20giornata.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na kwa klọb ọ gbara bọọlụ na Real San Marco, site na Chirignago [it], mpaghara ala nke obodo Venice.<ref>43° Coppa Nazionale Primavera 2007/2008, {{Cite news|url=http://www.figcvenetocalcio.it/documenti/Comitato%20Regionale/Comunicati/2007-2008/Alleg_Com_N82_SGS_CONVOCAZIONE_ALLIEVI_%20GIOVANISSIMI.pdf|title=CU n.82 Allego (2007–08)|date=17 June 2008|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=Comitato Regionale Veneto, SGS, FIGC|language=Italian}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, Veneto club Treviso bịanyere aka na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fbctreviso.it/allievinaz.php|title=ALLIEVI NAZIONALI|work=Treviso FBC 1993|language=Italian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027181006/http://www.fbctreviso.it/allievinaz.php|archivedate=27 October 2008|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị afọ 2009, Internazionale si Treviso bịnyere aka na ya na Samuel Longo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=30773&L=en|title=Academy ins and outs|date=2 February 2009|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009234707/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=30773&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ banyere ozugbo n'otu akpọrọ Inter's ''Allievi Nazionali'' under-17, na-enye goolu anọ n'oge oge (ogbo otu).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=31636&L=en|title=Under-17s defeated: thanks all the same|date=19 June 2009|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it|archive-date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404213711/https://www.inter.it/en/news/2009/06/19/under-17s-defeated-thanks-all-the-same.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://giovanili.inter.it/aas/campionato?stagione=2008/09&IDC=2&L=en|title=Championship ALLIEVI A 2008/09|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it|archive-date=2 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402154830/http://giovanili.inter.it/aas/campionato?stagione=2008/09&IDC=2&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ihi ndị otu Primavera n'okpuru afọ iri abụọ nke Inter nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-agba bọọlụ, nke bụ Denis Alibec, Mattia Destro, Simone Dell'Agnello, Giuseppe Angarano na Longo, Thiam hapụrụ ndị otu Sassuolo's <nowiki><i id="mwMg">Primavera</i></nowiki> n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009. Ndị Emilia-Romagna gbazinyere Alberto Gallinetta ma debe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị egwuregwu Inter mbụ site n'ịgbatị ego ma ọ bụ wepụ nhọrọ ịbanye ozugbo na Inter, dị ka Pellegrino Albanese, Raffaele Conforto na Giorgio Schiavini . Thiam bụ onye mbido ya na Diego Falcinelli, onye bụkwa onye Inter academy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zonacalcio.org/news.html?news=29952|title=CAMPIONATO PRIMAVERA: SASSUOLO AL COMANDO DEL GIRONE A|date=19 September 2009|accessdate=15 February 2012|work=Zona Calcio|language=Italian|archive-date=4 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604143421/http://www.zonacalcio.org/news.html?news=29952|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zonacalcio.org/news.html?news=30984|title=CAMPIONATO PRIMAVERA: DERBY A RETI BIANCHE|date=10 October 2009|accessdate=15 February 2012|work=UC Sampdoria|language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zonacalcio.org/news.html?news=37832|title=VIAREGGIO CUP: NAPOLI - SASSUOLO 4-5|date=9 February 2010|accessdate=9 February 2010|work=Zona Calcio|language=Italian|archive-date=4 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604143422/http://www.zonacalcio.org/news.html?news=37832|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zonacalcio.org/news.html?news=37904|title=VIAREGGIO CUP: JUVENTUS - SASSUOLO 1-0|date=11 February 2010|accessdate=9 February 2010|work=Zona Calcio|language=Italian}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, onye nkuzi ahụ jikwa nhazi ndị ọzọ ma họrọ Falcinelli dị ka naanị onye na-aga n'ihu n'agbanyeghị na Thiam rụkwara ọrụ ahụ oge ole na ole.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sampdoria.it/news/poker-al-sassuolo-primavera-agli-ottavi-con-krsticic.html|title=Poker al Sassuolo: Primavera agli ottavi con Krsticic|date=14 April 2010|accessdate=15 February 2012|work=UC Sampdoria|language=Italian|archive-date=19 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219004602/http://www.sampdoria.it/news/poker-al-sassuolo-primavera-agli-ottavi-con-krsticic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oge ahụ Thiam nyere goolu ugboro anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fullsoccer.eu/giocatori.php?giocatore=THIAM%20Mame%20Baba|title=THIAM Mame Baba|work=fullsoccer.eu|accessdate=14 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911103307/http://www.fullsoccer.eu/giocatori.php?giocatore=THIAM%20Mame%20Baba|archivedate=11 September 2016}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, Inter na Sassuolo nwere nkwekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nyere Thiam ohere isonyere Sassuolo n'efu na Jenụwarị 2010 (Inter debanyere aha ọnwụ nke € 71,000), mgbe ahụ Thiam sonyeere Inter na 30 Ọgọstụ na nkwekọrịta nwekọ, na nkwekọrịta Thiam na-emeso dị ka akụ ego na akaụntụ Sassuolo na akụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na akaụntụ Inter, yana klọb nne na nna nke nkwekọrịta nwe ya ghọrọ Sassuolo kama Inter.<ref>{{Cite book|title=FC Internazionale Milano Spa 2009–10 Bilancio|date=January 2011|publisher=[[Camera di Commercio, Industria, Agricoltura e Artigianato|CCIAA]]|language=Italian|format=PDF purchased}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=34481&L=en|title=Two arrivals and a departure|date=30 August 2010|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011034406/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=34481&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya na ndị otu Inter ''Primavera'', o nyere goolu anọ n'oge oge, n'azụ ndị na-agba bọọlụ Dell'Agnello, Alibec na Milan Jirásek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://giovanili.inter.it/aas/campionato?stagione=2010/11&IDC=1&L=en|title=Championship PRIMAVERA 2010/11|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it|archivedate=2 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402154839/http://giovanili.inter.it/aas/campionato?stagione=2010/11&IDC=1&L=en}}</ref> O ritekwara Torneo di Viareggio na 2011 na ndị nchekwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=36002&L=en|title=Viareggio: Dell'Agnello's brace, Inter champions|date=7 March 2011|accessdate=19 September 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it|archive-date=12 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012171621/http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=36002&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Serie C1 mgbazinye === N'ụbọchị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2011, ọ hapụrụ Avellino site na Inter Milan .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asavellino.it/notizia.php?id=6047|title=Ingaggiato dall'Inter l'esterno Thiam|date=30 August 2011|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=AS Avellino 1912|language=Italian}}</ref> O mere egwuregwu izizi ya na 25 Septemba megide Viareggio dị ka onye nnọchi anya Gianluca De Angelis .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/2011/settembre/26/Zigoni_testa_lancia_Avellino_Per_ga_10_110926051.shtml|title=Zigoni di testa lancia l' Avellino Per il Viareggio quarto k.o. di fila|date=26 September 2011|accessdate=19 October 2011|work=La Gazzetta dello Sport|language=Italian|format=require login}}</ref> Ọ malitere nke mbụ ya na egwuregwu na-esonụ megide Sorrento . Ọ gbara egwuregwu na-esote, na-agba na 13, 16 na 30 Ọktoba (gburugburu 7, 8 na 10), ya na Zigoni, Fabrizio Lasagna na De Angelis n'otu n'otu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọkọchị goolu gasịrị, Thiam tụfuru ebe mbido, wee bụrụ onye nkwado nke De Angelis na Zigoni. Ọ laghachiri ịmalite XI ọzọ na 7 Machị 2012, ya na Zigoni. Na June 2012 Inter nwetakwara Thiam ozugbo, dịka Sassuolo hapụrụ ikike ndebanye aha 50% nke Thiam. Na 12 Julaị 2012, Thiam kwagara klọb ọkwa nke atọ ọzọ, South Tyrol (German: , Italian: ).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fc-suedtirol.com/it/fc-s%C3%BCdtirol/dall-inter-arriva-in-prestito-il-senegalese-mame-baba-thiam/54-15194.html|title=DALL INTER ARRIVA IN PRESTITO IL SENEGALESE MAME BABA THIAM|date=12 July 2012|accessdate=12 April 2013|publisher=FC Südtirol|language=Italian}}</ref> === Lanciano na Juventus === Na 15 Julaị 2013, Thiam sonyeere klọb Serie B Lanciano na nnyefe n'efu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.virtuslanciano.it/news/1875_ufficiale-mame-baba-thiam-e-un-calciatore-della-virtus-lanciano.html|title=Ufficiale: Mame Baba Thiam è un calciatore della Virtus Lanciano: Per lui contratto triennale|date=15 July 2013|accessdate=28 May 2014|publisher=SS Virtus Lanciano 1924|language=Italian}}</ref> Na 30 Jenụwarị 2014, Lanciano bịanyere aka na onye na-eche nche Laurențiu Brănescu na nkwekọrịta nwekọ maka ego € 250,000 tinyere 50% ikike ndebanye aha nke Thiam (50% "kaadị" nke Thiam dị ọnụ ahịa na € 1.4 nde; 50% "kaadị" nke Brănescu bara uru € 1.65 nde).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.virtuslanciano.it/news/2233mercato-scambio-di-comproprieta-thiam-branescu.html|title=Mercato: scambio di comproprietà Thiam-Branescu: Accordo raggiunto tra la Virtus e la Juventus|date=30 January 2014|accessdate=28 May 2014|publisher=SS Virtus Lanciano 1924|language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.juventus.com/wps/wcm/connect/061485b7-f86a-4c7a-94b7-6700c1e58765/Resoconto+intermedio+di+gestione+31+marzo++2014+ITA.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=061485b7-f86a-4c7a-94b7-6700c1e58765|title=Resoconto intermedio di gestione al 31 marzo 2014|date=13 May 2014|accessdate=28 May 2014|publisher=Juventus FC|language=Italian|archive-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210014938/http://www.juventus.com/wps/wcm/connect/061485b7-f86a-4c7a-94b7-6700c1e58765/Resoconto+intermedio+di+gestione+31+marzo++2014+ITA.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=061485b7-f86a-4c7a-94b7-6700c1e58765|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thiam bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ 1⁄2 na The Old Lady. Thiam nọrọ oge 2013-14 fọdụrụ na Lanciano. Ọ gara n'ihu na Lanciano na oge 2014-2015. Na June 2015 Juventus bịanyere aka na Thiam ozugbo maka € 800,000 ọzọ; na 8 July Lanciano bịanyere aka na Filippo Penna (ihe dị ka € 340,000) na Marco Di Benedetto (ekwughị) dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ.<ref>S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924 S.r.l. ''bilancio'' (financial report and accounts) on 30 June 2015, PDF purchased from [[Camera di Commercio, Industria, Agricoltura e Artigianato|CCIAA]] (in Italian)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://calciobilanci.blogspot.com.au/2016/09/ss-virtus-lanciano-1924-srl-bilancio-al.html|title=S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924 S.r.l. bilancio al 2015-06-30|date=1 September 2016|accessdate=1 September 2016|publisher=Calcio Bilanci}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.juventus.com/media/native/investor-relations-docs/italiano/bilanci/1516/Relazione%20semestrale%20web_italiano.pdf|title=Relazione finanziaria semestrale al 31 dicembre 2015|date=24 February 2016|accessdate=30 August 2016|publisher=Juventus F.C.|language=Italian}}</ref> ==== Zulte Waregem (mgbazinye ) ==== Na 26 Julaị 2015, Thiam bịnyere aka na Zulte Waregem na nkwekọrịta nwa oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.essevee.be/nieuws.php?Article=1031|title=MAME THIAM EEN JAAR GEHUURD (+AANKOOPOPTIE) VAN JUVENTUS|date=26 July 2015|accessdate=25 August 2015|publisher=S.V. Zulte Waregem|language=Dutch|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002333/http://www.essevee.be/nieuws.php?Article=1031|archivedate=24 September 2015}}</ref> Ntugharị ahụ mere ka Juventus nwee oke mbinye aka maka ndị na-abụghị ndị mba European Union (ọnụ ọgụgụ ọzọ sitere na Carlos Tevez<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fantagazzetta.com/archivio/24_07_2015/extracomunitari-tesserabili-la-situazione-delle-20-squadre-di-a-206870|title=Extracomunitari tesserabili: la situazione delle 20 squadre di A - Fantagazzetta.com|date=24 July 2015|accessdate=9 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324085014/https://www.fantagazzetta.com/archivio/24_07_2015/extracomunitari-tesserabili-la-situazione-delle-20-squadre-di-a-206870|archivedate=24 March 2017}}</ref>), nke klọb ahụ mechara bịanye aka na Alex Sandro, onye gụrụ dị ka onye na-abụghị EU.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/nacional/1a-liga/porto/detalhe/atletico-madrid-volta-a-carga-por-alex-sandro-963242.html|title=Atlético Madrid volta à carga por Alex Sandro|date=19 July 2015|accessdate=25 August 2015|work=Jornal Record|language=Portuguese|archivedate=30 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930061222/http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/nacional/1a-liga/porto/detalhe/atletico-madrid-volta-a-carga-por-alex-sandro-963242.html}}</ref> Mgbe mgbazinye ahụ gasịrị, Thiam laghachiri Juventus maka ogige ha tupu oge egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.juventus.com/en/news/news/2016/initial-pre-season-squad-confirmed-.php|title=Initial pre-season squad confirmed|date=5 July 2016|accessdate=14 August 2016|publisher=Juventus F.C.}}</ref> ==== PAOK (mgbazinye ) ==== Na 31 August 2016, Thiam sonyere PAOK na mgbazinye ego.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paokfc.gr/nea/20160831-ston-paok-o-mame-thiam/|date=31 August 2016|accessdate=31 August 2016|publisher=PAOK FC|language=Greek|title=Archive copy|archivedate=13 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913181435/http://www.paokfc.gr/nea/20160831-ston-paok-o-mame-thiam/}}</ref> ==== Empoli (mgbazinye ) ==== Na 13 Jenụwarị 2017, Thiam bịanyere aka na Empoli na nkwekọrịta nwa oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.empolicalcio.net/Benvenuto-Thiam.htm|title=Benvenuto Thiam|date=13 January 2017|accessdate=13 January 2017|publisher=Empoli F.C|language=Italian|archivedate=6 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206113048/http://www.empolicalcio.net/Benvenuto-Thiam.htm}}</ref> O nyere goolu megide AC Milan na 23 Eprel 2017, na-enye Empoli akara 3 dị mkpa maka agha ha site na relegation. Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ na agba ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ, nke Empoli meriri site n'ịda Palermo. Mgbe mgbazinye ahụ gasịrị, Thiam laghachiri Turin ọzọ maka ogige ha tupu oge egwuregwu. A kọrọ na ọ kagburu nkwekọrịta ya na Juventus na nkwenye nke ibe ya na Septemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voetbalkrant.com/nl/nieuws/lees/2017-10-27/mame-baba-thiam-mogelijk-opnieuw-naar-de-jupiler|title=Gewezen spits in JPL verbreekt contract met Juve, Belgische clubs houden zich klaar|date=27 October 2017|accessdate=7 February 2018|work=voetbalkrant.com|language=Dutch}}</ref> === Esteghlal === [[Usòrò:Thiam2018.jpg|thumb|Thiam n'oge izizi ya maka Esteghlal na 2018]] Na 6 Febụwarị 208, Thiam bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta 1 1⁄2 afọ na Esteghlal mgbe ọ gafere nyocha ahụike.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2018/02/06/1649044/former-juventus-striker-baba-thiam-to-join-iran-s-esteghlal|title=Former Juventus Striker Baba Thiam to Join Iran's Esteghlal|date=6 February 2018|accessdate=6 February 2018|publisher=[[Tasnim News Agency]]}}</ref> E kenyere ya uwe nọmba iri abụọ na ise ka ọ na-eyi na league, mana ọ họọrọ iyi nọmba 7 kachasị amasị ya na AFC Champions League ebe ọ bụ na-anọghị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ilna.ir/بخش-ورزشی-7/591480-شماره-پیراهن-بازیکنان-جدید-استقلال-مشخص-شد|date=7 February 2018|accessdate=8 February 2018|publisher=[[Iranian Labour News Agency|ILNA]]|language=Persian}}</ref> Thiam mere egwuregwu nke mbụ ya na 8 Febụwarị na mmeri 3–0 megide Sepidrood na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi anya Ali Ghorbani na nkeji 82.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ilna.ir/بخش-ورزشی-7/591902-گزارش-زنده-استقلال-سپیدرود-رشت|title=استقلال 3 - سپیدرود رشت 0 / خط و نشان آسیایی با غلبه بر جادوگر|date=8 February 2018|accessdate=8 February 2018|publisher=[[Iranian Labour News Agency|ILNA]]}}</ref> Ọ malitere egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Esteghlal na asọmpi Champions League megide Al-Hilal nke ọ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AFC CHAMPIONS LEAGUE 2018 Group Stage|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/12875|work=www.the-afc.com}}</ref> Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke 200 nke Esteghlal na akụkọ AFC Champions League ma ha ghọrọ ndị otu Iran mbụ ruru ọkwa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tarafdari.com/خبر/915345/استقلال-به-رکورد-200-گل-در-لیگ-قهرمانان-آسیا-رسید|date=20 February 2018|accessdate=21 February 2018|publisher=Tarafdari|language=Persian}}</ref> Esteghlal mechara merie 1–0 ma kpọọ Thiam Man of the Match maka arụmọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tarafdari.com/خبر/915219/استقلال-1-0-الهلال-عربستان؛-مانور-قدرت-پسران-شفر-در-گروه-مرگ|date=20 February 2018|accessdate=21 February 2018|publisher=Tarafdari|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tarafdari.com/خبر/915356/مامه-بابا-تیام-به-عنوان-بهترین-بازیکن-دیدار-استقلال-و-الهلال-عربستان-انتخاب-شد|date=20 February 2018|accessdate=21 February 2018|publisher=Tarafdari|language=Persian}}</ref> N'ụbọchị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Thiam meghere akaụntụ goolu ya na league site na mmeri 4–1 megide Foolad. O nyekwara aka maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọzọ na egwuregwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.varzesh3.com/news/1507270/گزارش-بازی-فولاد-خوزستان-استقلال-تهران-05-12-96|title=فولاد 1- استقلال 4؛ ترسناک در آستانه دربی!|date=24 February 2018|accessdate=24 February 2018|publisher=Varzesh3}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke isii n'ọnwa Maachị, o nyere goolu ọzọ n'asọmpi 2–2 nke ndị mmeri megide Al-Ain, a kpọkwara ya "Man of the match" nke ugboro abụọ n'usoro.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-champions-league/latest/news/matchday-three-group-d-al-ain-v-esteghlal|title=Matchday Three - Group D: Al Ain 2-2 Esteghlal|date=6 March 2018|accessdate=9 March 2018|publisher=AFC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.varzesh3.com/news/1509966/تیام-بهترین-بازیکن-استقلال-و-العین-شد|date=6 March 2018|accessdate=9 March 2018|publisher=Varzesh 3|language=Persian}}</ref> Na 3 Mee, Thiam nyere naanị goolu Esteghlal iji merie Khooneh be Khooneh 1–0 na 2018 Hazfi Cup Final, na-emeri ọla ọcha mbụ ya na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.varzesh3.com/news/1521638/گزارش-بازی-استقلال-و-خونه-به-خونه-فینال-جام-حذفی-تاریخ-1397-2-13|date=3 May 2018|accessdate=3 May 2018|publisher=Varzesh 3|language=Persian}}</ref> N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Mee, o nyere goolu mbụ ya na mmeri 3–1 megide Zob Ahan .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.varzesh3.com/news/1524267/استقلال-3-ذوب-آهن-1-فرار-به-سوی-افتخار|date=15 May 2018|accessdate=15 May 2018|publisher=Varzesh 3|language=Persian}}</ref> Ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ ya mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ebute goolu na mba ọzọ na klọb ahụ, na-emeri ihe ndekọ Jlloyd Samuel nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na otu n'ụbọchị ọnwụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tarafdari.com/node/977201|date=15 May 2018|accessdate=16 May 2018|publisher=Tarafdari|language=Persian}}</ref> N'ihi arụmọrụ ya, a kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu ụkwụ nke abụọ nke iri na isii n'izu ma tinye ya na agba nke iri na isii nke izu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TOYOTA PLAYER OF THE WEEK {{!}} AFC|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-champions-league/sponsor/playeroftheweek/|work=www.the-afc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/TheAFCCL/status/997084337311895553|title=Presenting the #ACL2018 Team of the Week! What a lineup!|publisher=[[Twitter]]|date=17 May 2018|accessdate=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tarafdari.com/node/978182|date=17 May 2018|accessdate=18 May 2018|publisher=Tarafdari|language=Persian}}</ref> Thiam ji goolu iri na abụọ mechie oge ya n'asọmpi niile n'ime egwuregwu iri na atọ, klọb ahụ mechara nke atọ na league n'oge ahụ. === Ajman === Na 8 Ọgọstụ 2018, Thiam sonyere ndị otu UAE Ajman site na Esteghlal FC na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ maka ego a na-akọwaghị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BmObJGEggGD|publisher=[[Instagram]]|language=Arabic|date=8 August 2018|accessdate=8 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2018-08-09-1.3331726|date=8 August 2018|accessdate=9 August 2018|publisher=[[Al Bayan (newspaper)|Al Bayan]]|language=Arabic}}</ref> Thiam mere egwuregwu izizi ya na klọb ahụ n'ụbọchị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ, na mmeri 1–0 nke Al-Nasr nke o nyere goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2018-08-30-1.3345720|date=30 August 2018|accessdate=1 October 2018|publisher=[[Al Bayan (newspaper)|Al Bayan]]|language=Arabic}}</ref> === Kasımpaşa === Na 24 June 2019, Thiam sonyeere Turkish Süper Lig n'akụkụ Kasımpaşa na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kasimpasa.com.tr/tr/haberler/kulupten-haberler/mame-baba-kasimpasamizda_4559.html|title=Mame Baba Kasımpaşamızda|date=24 June 2019|accessdate=24 June 2019|work=Kasımpaşa}}</ref> O mere egwuregwu izizi ya na klọb ahụ na 18 Ọgọstụ megide Trabzonspor .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haberturk.com/kasimpasa-trabzonspor-maci-canli-yayin-kasimpasa-trabzonspor-maci-saat-kacta-hangi-kanalda-2514127-spor|title=Kasımpaşa: 1 - Trabzonspor: 1|date=18 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2019|publisher=[[Habertürk]]}}</ref> N'egwuregwu sochirinụ, o nyere goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 4–1 megide Alanyaspor .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sporx.com/alanyaspor-kasimpasa-karsisinda-sov-yapti-SXHBQ797383SXQ|title=Alanyaspor, Kasımpaşa karşisinda şov yapti|date=24 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2019|publisher=[[Habertürk]]}}</ref> === Fenerbahçe === Na 18 Ọgọstụ 2020, Thiam sonyeere klọb Süper Lig Fenerbahçe na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fenerbahce.org/haberler/futbol/2020/8/mame-thiam-fenerbahcemizde|title=MAME THIAM FENERBAHÇEMİZDE|date=18 August 2020|accessdate=19 August 2020|work=Fenerbahçe}}</ref> === Kayserispor === N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021 onye egwuregwu bọọlụ [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]] bịanyere aka na Central Anatolian n'akụkụ Kayserispor na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/futbol/kayserispor-mame-thiam-ile-3-yillik-sozlesme-imzaladi-/2344934|title=Kayserispor Mame Thiam ile 3 yıllık sözleşme imzaladı|date=24 August 2021|accessdate=18 January 2021|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Thiam bu ụzọ nọchite anya ndị otu mba Senegal na mmeri enyi na enyi 3–1 nke [[Morocco]] na 9 Ọktoba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/|title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 - Soccerway|work=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> == Ọnụọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Continental1 ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Avellino |2011–12 |Lega Pro |26 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |26 |4 |- |Südtirol |2012–13 |Lega Pro |29 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |30 |6 |- | rowspan="3" |Virtus Lanciano |2013–14 | rowspan="2" |Serie B |22 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |3 |- |2014–15 |34 |8 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |36 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !56 !11 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !59 !12 |- |Zulte Waregem |2015–16 |Njikọ Pro nke Belgium |28 |9 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |9 |- |PAOK |2016–17 |Super League Gris |1 |0 |2 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- |Empoli |2016–17 |Serie A |15 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |1 |- |Esteghlal |2017–18 |Persian Gulf Pro League |6 |4 |1 |1 |6 |7 | colspan="2" | - |13 |12 |- |Ajman |2018–19 |UAE Pro-League |26 |13 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |30 |13 |- |Kasımpaşa |2019–20 |Süper Lig |25 |11 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |28 |12 |- |Fenerbahçe |2020–21 |Süper Lig |29 |6 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |8 |- ! colspan="3" |Ngụkọta ọrụ !231 !63 !18 !5 !11 !7 !0 !0 !260 !75 |} <sup>1</sup> <small>Gụnyere</small> <small>Europa League</small> <small>na</small> <small>AFC Champions League</small> <small>egwuregwu</small>. == Nsọpụrụ na Nkwanye ugwu == '''Esteghlal''' * * Hazfi Cup: 2017–18 '''Senegal''' * Iko mba Afrịka: 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/liverpool/news/africa-cup-of-nations-senegal-beat-egypt-to-win-final-afcon|title=Africa Cup Of Nations: Senegal Beat Egypt To Win Final (AFCON)|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=6 February 2022|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref> == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h6a4tgnkgu6bi1dfkglbn2xl0fyqegq Dayo Adedayo 0 14348 741487 621679 2026-10-24T04:11:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceDayo Adedayo]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] 'Dayo Adedayo (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke mbụ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1964) bụ onye Naịjịrịa azụrụ azụ na Briten. Onye na-ese foto, onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị, na onye edemede. Dayo bụ onye dere Nigeria 2.0, akwụkwọ a na-edekọ akụkọ maka ọtụtụ ebe dị mkpa na Nigeria. N'ime afọ iri na asaa, 'Dayo agagharịala ma dekọọ steeti iri atọ na isii na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/art/too-many-brilliant-fantastic-minds-doing-something-very-good-but-their-presentation-is-poor/|accessdate=2020-11-12|work=guardian.ng|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2019-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703210228/https://guardian.ng/art/too-many-brilliant-fantastic-minds-doing-something-very-good-but-their-presentation-is-poor/}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Adedayo gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Children's Home School, Molete, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria na Moslem Primary School, Idofe, Oke-Ife, Ijebu Ife, Ogun State, Nigeria. Ọ lere ma nweta asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Ijebu Ife Community Grammar School . Ọ gụrụ Photography Arts na Westminster College na University of Westminster, UK. Ọ bụ onye edemede nke ''Rivers State Our Proud Heritage'', Tour Nigeria, na Lagos State, A Visual Portrait .<ref>{{Cite web|author=The Editor|title=Dayo Adedayo: I'm Using Photography to Document Nigeria|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/23/dayo-adedayo-im-using-photography-to-document-nigeria/|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=3 July 2019}}</ref> O chebere ihe karịrị nde foto anọ na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Team|first=Editorial|date=2019-09-07|title=Afripreneur Profile: Dayo Adedayo, The Man Behind The Lens|url=https://businessafricaonline.com/dayo-adebayo/|accessdate=2020-11-12|work=Business Africa Online|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422232233/https://businessafricaonline.com/dayo-adebayo/|archive-date=2025-04-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Nigeria_International_Passport_2.jpg|thumb|Paspọtụ e-pọtụ Naịjirịa na-egosi ihe oyiyi Adedayo]] == Ọrụ == Adedayo malitere dị ka onye na-ese foto mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nke mechara bụrụ onye nweere onwe ya maka Ovation Magazine International tupu ọ banye na foto ihe nkiri. Ọ gara ma dekọọ mpaghara ọchịchị ime obodo narị asaa na ịrị asaa na anọ niile dị na Naịjirịa, na-edekọ maka ala, ndị mmadụ, ọdịbendị, ahịhịa, na nri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-16|title=Adedayo's Nigeria 2.0 explores hidden rich culture|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/04/adedayos-nigeria-2-0-explores-hidden-rich-culture/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-egosi akara ise foto ya na peeji nke e-Passport nke Naijiria, nakwa na ahụ aja nke ọdụ ụgbọelu mba Lagos na Abuja ma na-achọkwa ahụ aja nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze mma ma na Nigeria ma na mba ofesi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-23|title=Dayo Adedayo: I'm Using Photography to Document Nigeria|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/23/dayo-adedayo-im-using-photography-to-document-nigeria/|accessdate=2020-11-12|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, iji cheta mba Naịjirịa, e nyere ya ọrụ imepụta ihe oyiyi maka otu narị naira nke otu narị afọ nke Naịjịrịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2016-07-30|title=Dayo Adedayo: I'll Remain a Photographer Until I Die|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/07/30/dayo-adedayo-ill-remain-a-photographer-until-i-die/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii nke nwere ọrụ nke ịmepụta foto na usoro ọmụmụ ọrụ pilot maka National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka Nigerian Polytechnics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Photographer's Journey with Dayo Adedayo {{!}} Young & Cerebral|url=https://www.youngcerebral.com/a-photographers-journey-with-dayo-adedayo/|accessdate=2020-11-15|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117092812/https://www.youngcerebral.com/a-photographers-journey-with-dayo-adedayo/}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ iri na anọ gụnyere; Nigeria, Nigeria 2.0, Enchanting Nigeria, Nigeria The Magical, Lagos State - The Centre of Excellence, Ogun State - The Gateway State, Owe Yoruba, Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation - Tourism is Life, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation 37 Years in Pictures, Rivers State - Our Proud Heritage, Tour Nigeria, Lagos State - A visual Portrait, Owe Yoruba 2.0 na Ogun State - A Visual Portrait.<ref>{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2020-07-30|title=Òwe Yorùbá – 'A Rescue to the Threatened Yoruba Language' by Dayo Adedayo|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/dayo-adedayo-dele-momodu/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9785340422}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adedayo, Dayo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 185jzq3zuazze950tdmnoc1cbazmm2h Meji Alabi 0 14466 741471 705223 2026-10-24T00:13:55Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Meji Alabi Profile Photo.jpg|thumb|Méjí Alabi]] '''Meji Alabi''' (a mụrụ na 13 Disemba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nduzi, onye na-ese foto na onye na-emepụta ihe. Ọ bụ onye nduzi ma rụọ ọrụ na [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyonce]], [[Burna Boy]], [[Wizkid]], Davido<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/top-five-nigerian-music-video-directors/|title=Top five Nigerian music video directors|date=27 April 2021|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lbbonline.com/news/meji-alabi-tales-of-an-experience-junkie|title=Meji Alabi: Tales of an "Experience Junkie"|date=24 February 2019|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/2021/04/23/runtown-and-director-meji-alabi-go-virtual-this-weekend/|title=Runtown and director Meji Alabi go virtual this weekend|date=23 April 2021|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 May 2017|title=Runtown shares official music video for new single "For Life"|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/231986-runtown-shares-official-music-video-for-new-single-for-life.html|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref>, [[Tiwa Savage]], Popcaan, Goldlink, Koffee na [[Nasty C]].<ref name=":142">{{Cite web|title=A N T I on Instagram: "Black Is King, a film by @beyonce.⁣ Super pumped to have played our part on the Nigerian chapter of this film 🧡 alongside amazing…"|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CCCPpchjO_r/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928005317/https://www.instagram.com/p/CCCPpchjO_r/|archivedate=2023-09-28|accessdate=2020-07-11|work=[[Instagram]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-57122864|title=Meji Alabi: Grammy-winning director on working with Beyonce, Burna Boy and Wizkid|date=17 May 2021|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/burna-boy-pull-up-nigeria-new-music-video-african-giant|title=Burna Boy Proves He’s Nigeria’s Most Stylish Musician in His New Video|date=21 August 2019|accessdate=13 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/the-meji-alabi-fever/|title=The Meji Alabi Fever|date=24 February 2019|accessdate=23 May 2021|archivedate=29 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729063659/https://guardian.ng/life/the-meji-alabi-fever/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culturecustodian.com/watch-the-meji-alabi-video-for-goldlink-and-maleek-berrys-zulu-screams/|title=WATCH THE MEJI ALABI DIRECTED VIDEO FOR GOLDLINK AND MALEEK BERRY’S ‘ZULU SCREAMS’|date=21 May 2019|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ ya na [[Disemba]] 13, 1988, na [[London]], Meji nọrọ ọtụtụ oge nwata ya na nna ya na-agagharị mgbe nne na nna ya kewara na 1989. Ọ na-agagharị n'etiti London, Bahamas, na [[Texas]], [[USA]]. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti Spring Forest na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Stratford na Houston, Texas. Meji Alabi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke West London na klas mbụ summa cum laude distinction na ndekọ ego na ego, ma nwekwa nzere ikikere nke Nursing na St. Phillips College na San Antonio, Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/meji-alabi-nigeria-music-video/|title=Interview: Meji Alabi Is Bringing Nigerian Culture to the World, One Music Video at a Time|date=16 February 2021|accessdate=23 May 2021|archivedate=23 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011815/https://www.okayafrica.com/meji-alabi-nigeria-music-video/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2020|title=WHAT WOULD I CHANGE: DIRECTOR MEJI ALABI|url=https://www.creativereview.co.uk/what-would-i-change-director-meji-alabi/|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2014, Meji Alabi na Jimi Adesanya hiwere JM Films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shootonline.com/video/director-meji-alabi-black-dog-films-draw-line-against-malaria|title=Director Meji Alabi, Black Dog Films Draw The Line Against Malaria|date=25 February 2021|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> Ihe nkiri JM (nke enyemaka nke Unbound Studios) bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na mmepụta ọrụ pụrụ iche na ihe ngosi okike, vidiyo egwu, mgbasa ozi, ihe nkiri na telivishọn ma dabere na [[Lagos]], Naijiria. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Priorgold Pictures nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke dị na Lagos Naijiria, nke e kere iji gboo mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ site n'inye ngwá ọrụ na ndị ọrụ maka ime ihe okike ọhụụ. N'afọ 2014, ọ duziri vidiyo egwu maka 'Murda' nke Seyi Shay mere nke gosipụtara [[Patoranking]], Shaydee . Ihe ịga nke ọma nke vidiyo a mere ka ọ nweta ọtụtụ nlebara anya na ụlọ ọrụ egwu Naịjirịa ma a họpụtara ya n'otu afọ ahụ na MTV Africa Music Awards maka Best Video . Nakwa n'afọ 2014, ọ duziri vidiyo egwu maka ‘Crazy’ nke Seyi Shay mere nke gosipụtara [[Wizkid]] na a họpụtara vidiyo ahụ n'afọ 2015 maka Best Music Video of the Year (Artist and Director) na Nigeria Entertainment Awards nakwa Best Music Video na The Headies 2015. N'afọ 2016, ọ duziri vidiyo maka 'Kontrol' nke [[Maleek Berry]] nke gosipụtara ebili mmiri ọhụrụ nke ya na-eduzi vidiyo egwu maka ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ egwu Naịjirịa. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ duziri 'Aje' nke Alikiba mere nke meriri ihe nrite Best Music Video na Soundcity MVP Awards Festival na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/whatsnew-entertainment-celebrity-gist-and-so-on/nigerian-entertainment-awards-full-list-of-winners/|title=Nigerian Entertainment Awards: Full List Of Winners|date=27 November 2017|accessdate=23 May 2021|archivedate=23 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011815/https://guardian.ng/life/whatsnew-entertainment-celebrity-gist-and-so-on/nigerian-entertainment-awards-full-list-of-winners/}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2018, Meji Alabi na [[Burna Boy]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na ụfọdụ ọrụ ya. Ọ duziri Pull Up, On The Low, na Gum Body nke gosipụtara Jorja Smith na abọm Burna Boy 'African Giant'. Meji duziri vidiyo maka Way Too Big, Wonderful, Monsters You Made nke gosipụtara Chris Martin na Real Life nke gosipụtara Stormzy na 'Twice As Tall' album. Meji Alabi na [[Wizkid]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na abọm Made in Lagos, ma na-eduzi ihe ndekọ maka vidiyo egwu maka Ginger nke gosipụtara [[Burna Boy]], No Stress na Smile nke gosipụtara H.E.R N'afọ 2020, Meji Alabi jere ozi dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke Naijiria maka ọrụ ọhụụ Black Is King nke Beyonce Knowles-Carter mepụtara. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'akụkụ Ibra Ake na Jenn Nkiru iji mee ihe nkiri egwu 'Brown Skin Girl' nke meriri Grammy Award ma bụrụ onye nduzi maka otu ihe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenet.ng/meji-alabi-co-director-black-is-king/|title=Meji Alabi: Co-Director, Black Is King|date=28 August 2020|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/video/beyonces-black-is-king-trailer-key-art/|title=Beyoncé’s ‘Black Is King’ Visual Album Releases First Full Trailer And Key Art|date=19 July 2020|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/nigerian-creatives-black-is-king/|title=Meji Alabi, Muhammad Atta & Other Nigerian Creatives who Created Magic on Beyoncè’s "Black Is King"|date=30 June 2020|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, Meji Alabi na Black Dog Films rụkọrọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke ọrụ ọhụụ maka mkpọsa 'Zero Malaria: Draw The Line Against Malaria'. Ngagharị ahụ nwere onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria na onye na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri nakwa ọchụnta ego Osas Ighodaro, onye Kenya Olympic Gold-medallist na onye na-edekọ ihe ndekọ ụwa nke marathon Eliud Kipchoge, onye South Afrịka na-eme nchọpụta na onye ugwu Saray Khumalo, onye na-ese ihe na Naijiria Laolu Senbanjo onye isi ndị otu egwuregwu Rugby mba South Afrịka Siya Kolisi, na onye Rwanda-British n-eme ihe choreographer, Sherrie Silver.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/metro/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-laolu-nyc-osas-ighodaro-meji-alabi-join-global-stars-in/sm9sprq|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, Laolu NYC, Osas Ighodaro, Meji Alabi join global stars in campaign against malaria|date=24 February 2021|accessdate=23 May 2021|archivedate=23 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011814/https://www.pulse.ng/news/metro/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-laolu-nyc-osas-ighodaro-meji-alabi-join-global-stars-in/sm9sprq}}</ref> == Azụmahịa == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" |Aha ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Brand(s) ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref(s) |- |"Cloth Surgeon" |2016 |Complex & Selfridges | |- |"Npango" |2017 |Tigo Nipa | |- |"S4" | rowspan="2" |2018 |Infinix | |- |"Fashion Week" |GTB | |- |"Beauty Launch Campaign" | rowspan="5" |2019 |UOMA | |- |"Autism: A Mother Knows" |GTB | |- |Food & Drink" |GTB | |- |"Fashion Is Freedom" |GTB | |- |"No. 5" |Infinix | |} == Edensibia ==   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hq8q2dp5uqvxdfngvcwmxsahuesxc1k Emile Guebehi 0 15059 741494 91323 2026-10-24T09:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emile Guebehi''' (1937–2008) bụ onye [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]] na-akpụ ihe ọkpụkpụ.<ref name="NYTReview1">{{Cite web|author=Johnson|first=Ken|title=Art in Review; Emile Guebehi, Malick Sidibé|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/14/arts/art-in-review-emile-guebehi-malick-sidibe.html|work=The New York Times|date=14 January 2005}}</ref><ref name="DWelle">{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Masters of West African sculpture {{!}} DW {{!}} 03.07.2014|url=https://www.dw.com/en/masters-of-west-african-sculpture/g-17755387|work=DW.COM}}</ref> A gụnyere ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke Museum of Fine Arts na Houston.<ref name="MFAH">{{Cite web|title=Emile Guebehi: Dancing Woman|url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/42217/dancing-woman|work=mfah.org|access-date=2022-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817035315/https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/42217/dancing-woman|archive-date=2021-08-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} 9vo4p5w4dy4to4gyp3lx4e5w6a7oc1r Karabo Poppy 0 15944 741451 696434 2026-10-24T00:12:53Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karabo Poppy Moletsane''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1992) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe osise na South Africa, ónyé na-emepụta ihe osise, na ónyé na-eme ihe nkiri n'okporo ámá.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Find something unique about yourself and build that'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/business-46922184|accessdate=2021-02-24}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Poppy na Vereeniging. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nà Open Window Institute nà Pretoria mà nwee nzèrè na Visual Communication .<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Karabo Poppy Moletsane is permeating the real African aesthetic worldwide|url=https://www.itsnicethat.com/features/ones-to-watch-2020-karabo-poppy-moletsane-illustration-240220|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.itsnicethat.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Poppy arụwo ọrụ màkà Wall Street Journal, [[Google]], Coca-Cola, na Nike, gụnyere imepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ LeBron James na-eyi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Michelle Cohan|title=Illustrator Karabo Poppy's take on sneaker culture celebrates African design|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/karabo-poppy-south-africa-illustrator-nike-sneakers-spc-intl/index.html|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> O mepụtara ihe osise màkà usoro Afrịka mbụ na Netflix, Queen Sono, na When They See Us. Ya na RICH MNISI rụkọtara ọrụ na nchịkọta uwe unisex, nke a na-akpọ Running Errands, na 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kabwe|first=Suwi|date=2020-03-06|title=Karabo Poppy Teams Up with Netflix & Strong Black Lead for New 'Queen Sono' Illustration|url=https://10and5.com/2020/03/06/karabo-poppy-teams-up-with-netflix-strong-black-lead-for-new-queen-sono-illustration/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Between 10 and 5|language=en-ZA|archivedate=2021-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125193953/https://10and5.com/2020/03/06/karabo-poppy-teams-up-with-netflix-strong-black-lead-for-new-queen-sono-illustration/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-22|title=Rich Mnisi X Karabo Poppy Capsule Collection: Running Errands|url=https://visi.co.za/rich-mnisi-x-karabo-poppy-capsule-collection-running-errands/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Visi|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619212233/https://visi.co.za/rich-mnisi-x-karabo-poppy-capsule-collection-running-errands/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Multi Award-winning Illustrator Karabo Poppy Moletsane Collaborates With Nike|url=http://www.waafrikaonline.com/2019/11/multi-award-winning-illustrator-karabo.html|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=WaAfrika Online}}</ref> A na-etinye mural Utah Jazz ya na Salt Lake City, Utah. N'afọ 2021, Wikipedia nyèrè ya ọrụ, ya na Jasmina El Bouamraoui, ịmepụta akara otu narị na otu màkà ncheta afọ irí abụọ nké [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karabo Poppy Moletsane and Jasmina El Bouamraoui create a suite of customisable symbols for Wiki’s 20th birthday|url=https://www.itsnicethat.com/news/karabo-poppy-moletsane-jasmina-el-bouamraoui-wikipedia-20-anniversary-190221|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.itsnicethat.com|language=en}}</ref> A na-egosipụta ihe osise ya dị ka ihe owuwu ọbọdọ gafee Johannesburg, ma gosipụta na Times Square, na vidiyo egwu, na Soweto Towers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The One Club / ADC Annual Awards - Archive of Past Winners|url=https://www.oneclub.org/awards/adcawards/-judge/4642/karabo-moletsane|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.oneclub.org|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe nrite ọkachamara == E depụtara ya na ndepụta ''Forbes'' n'okpuru irí àtó n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mwendera|first=Karen|date=2019-07-01|title=#30Under30: Creatives Category 2019|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-creatives-category-2019/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe osise ya nkè 2019 màkà Nike meriri BASA Beyond Border Partnership Award. N'afọ 2020, a kpọrọ ya Ónyé Okike nke Afọ site ''n'etiti 10 na 5''.<ref name=":0"/> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5vgod3vn7yivrwm6m1r5mjeejrb1jqn Charles Searles 0 17256 741437 725152 2026-10-23T23:21:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Robert Searles''' (ubochí irí na otu n'ọnwa Julaị, 1937 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na asaá n'ọnwa Novemba, 2004) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe a mụrụ na Philadelphia na 1937.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/charles-searles-4352|title=Charles Searles|work=Smithsonian American Art Museum}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na 1960s ruo mgbè ọ nwụrụ na 2004 site na nsogbụ sitere na ọrịa strok.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lasalle.edu/museum/content/pdf/Charles_Searles_Press_Release.pdf|title=Charles Searles Press Release|author=Scarborough|first=Klare|date=Feb 13, 2013|accessdate=June 24, 2022|archivedate=September 15, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915160319/https://www.lasalle.edu/museum/content/pdf/Charles_Searles_Press_Release.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?n=charles-searles&pid=2864970|title=Charles Searles|date=Nov 28, 2004|work=Philly.com}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Searles natara Cresson Traveling Scholarship na Ware Traveling Memorial Scholarships nke nyéré ya ohere ịga Nigeria, [[Ghana]], na [[Morocco]] na 1972.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/relishnow/the-evolution-of-an-artist-exhibition-at-diggs-gallery-honors/article_c0d76d35-0b18-5d9c-b744-5441fff82f29.html|title=The Evolution of An Artist: Exhibition at Diggs Gallery honors sculptor, painter who looked back and always moved forward|author=Patterson|first=Tom|date=Feb 8, 2009|work=Relish|accessdate=Feb 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218082157/https://www.journalnow.com/relishnow/the-evolution-of-an-artist-exhibition-at-diggs-gallery-honors/article_c0d76d35-0b18-5d9c-b744-5441fff82f29.html|archive-date=February 18, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbè ọ laghachiri, o mepụtara usoro ọrụ akpọrọ Nigerian Impressions . Otu ọrụ a ma ama e sere na 1972 bụ Filas for Sale nke gosipụtara ihe oyiyi mara mma nke ihe nkpuchi na ụkpụrụ ndị jupụtara na etiti nke ihe osise ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&q=charles+searles+artist+nigeria|title=Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures around the World|author=Ember|first=Melvin|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2004|isbn=9780306483219}}</ref> Ọ natara ọrụ mbụ ya mgbè a gwara ya ka o see ihe osise na William H. Green Federal Building na Philadelphia na 1974.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://pffcollection.com/artists/charles-searles/|title=Charles Searles|work=Petrucci Family Foundation}}</ref> Ọrụ Celebration, ọmụmụ màkà mgbidi ahụ, bụ nke Smithsonian American Art Museum mana ọ bụghị ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/celebration-22099|title=Celebration|work=Smithsonian American Art Museum}}</ref> Ọ bụ 27 1/2 x 81 3/4 na acrylic na ọrụ ákwà nke na-egosi ndị na-agba egwú na-ekpuchi ihu na ndị mara mma. Charles Searles na-enwekarị mkpali site na egwu, usoro Dancers ya na 1975 gosipụtara ikike ya igosipụta mmegharị na ọrụ ya. Akụkụ ya Dance of the Twin Souls na-egosi na Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pafa.org/collection/dance-twin-souls|title=Dance of the Twin Souls|work=Pennsylvania Museum of Fine Arts|accessdate=2022-06-24|archivedate=2019-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218141757/https://www.pafa.org/collection/dance-twin-souls}}</ref> Ọ biri na Philadelphia ruo 1978, mgbè ọ kwagara New York City.<ref name=":2" /> N'afọ ndị 1980 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'usoro nnukwu ihe a tụrụ atụ gụnyere Warrior (1987) na Freedom's Gate (2000) nke dị n'etiti 8 na 10 ụkwụ ogologo.<ref name=":1" /> Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 2004 ma nwunye ya, Kathleen Spicer, hapụrụ ya.<ref name=":3" /> E tinyere ọrụ Searles na ngosi 2015 We Speak: Black Artists na Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s na Woodmere Art Museum.<ref name="Woodmere Art Museum">{{Cite web|title=We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s|url=https://woodmereartmuseum.org/experience/exhibitions/we-speak-black-artists-in-philadelphia-1920s-1970s-95|work=Woodmere Art Museum|accessdate=10 June 2022|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi ndị a ma ama == === ''Ndị Black Artists Ọhụrụ'' === E gosipụtara Charles Searles na ihe ngosi "New Black Artists" nke a na-egosi na Brooklyn Museum site na Ọktoba 7 na Nọvemba 10, 1969. Ọ gụnyere ngụkọta nke ọrụ irí anọ na itoolu, ihe osise irí atọ na ihe ọkpụkpụ irí na itoolu, site n'aka ndị omenkà iri na abụọ: Ellsworth Ausby, Clifford Eubanks, Jr., Hugh Harrell, William J. Howell, Tonnie Jones, [[Charles McGee (painter)|Charles McGee]], Ted Moody, Joseph Overstreet, Anderson J. Pigatt, Daniel Pressley, Charles Searles na Erik W. A. Stephenson. E gosipụtara ihe ngosi ahụ na Mahadum Columbia site n'ubochí irí abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba rụo ụbọchị irí na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/exhibitions/932|title=New Black Artists|work=Brooklyn Museum|accessdate=2022-06-24|archivedate=2022-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716152215/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/exhibitions/932}}</ref> === ''Ntụgharị Ụwa Nile nke Agba na Rhythm'' === E gosipụtara ọrụ Searles mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na ngosi na Mahadum Diggs Gallery nke Winston-Salem State. Ihe ngosi ahụ, nke a na-ahụ site na ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị na ubochí irí atọ na otu n'ọnwa Machị, 2009. Ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtara ihe karịrị ọrụ nka irí isii nke Searles mepụtara na njedebe nke ndụ ya gụnyere ihe osise, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na eserese.<ref name=":1" /> === ''Charles Searles: Ihe Nkpuchi nke Abstraction'' === Mahadum La Salle gosipụtara ọrụ irí isé na abụọ nke Searles nke gosipụtara site na ụbọchị irí na otu n'ọnwa Machị na úbọchị irí atọ na otu n'ọnwa Mee, 2013 na La Salle University Art Museum. Ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtara ọrụ site na ndụ ya niile, malite na ihe osise ya site na afọ 1960, ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe osese site na afọ 1970, na mgbè e mesịrị ọrụ abstract.<ref name=":0" /> === ''Charles Searles: Na-agagharị'' === Ụlọ akwụkwọ nka Tyler na Mahadum Temple gosipụtara ihe osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ irí na asaá buru ibu site na Searles site na ụbọchị irí abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel na úbọchị irí nà isii n'ọnwa Juun, 2013. Ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtakwara nnọkọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agba egwu na ihe osise ányá nke Searles kpaliri.<ref name=":0" /> === ''Ịgbasawanye Ihe Nketa: Nchịkọta Ọhụrụ na Nkà African American'' === E gosipụtara akwụkwọ Charles Searles na ihe ngosi na Lawrence A. Fleischmann Gallery na Washington D.C. site na Septemba 23, 2016 - Machị 21, 2017. Ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere akwụkwọ, eserese, akwụkwọ ndekọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ sitere n'aka ndị na-ese ihe dịka Henry Ossawa Tanner, [[Kehinde Wiley]], na Alma Thomas. O gosipụtara otu ndị omenkà a si ahụ ma nyochaa ọdịbendị ọdịbendị, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa n'ihe odide onwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/exhibitions/expanding-the-legacy-new-collections-on-african-american-art|title=Expanding the Legacy: New Collections on African American Art|work=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} mhpopdywz48opfpo7pefc9v72guwh6p Templeeti:Top banner 10 18303 741466 109332 2026-10-24T00:13:13Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741466 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="mp-topbanner" class="nomobile" style="clear:both; position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; margin:1.2em 0 6px; min-width:47em; border:1px solid #ddd; background-color:#F9F5FC; color:#000; white-space:nowrap;"> <!-- "WELCOME TO WIKIPEDIA" AND ARTICLE COUNT --> <div style="margin:0.9em; width: 5em; text-align:center;"> <div style="font-size:162%; padding:.1em;">'''Nnọọ na [[Wikipidia|Wịkịpidia]] [[Ìgbo]]''',</div> <div style="font-size:95%;">ịhẹ njikọta edemede onye ọbụla nwere òhèrè imezi.</div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">Edemede [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] dị n'[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Ìgbò]] | <strong>[[Wikipidia:Ụdàkọ|Lèe ebe edemede dàkọ̀rọ̀]]</strong></div> </div> <!-- PORTAL LIST ON RIGHT-HAND SIDE --> <ul style="position:absolute; right:-1em; top:50%; margin-top:-2.4em; width:38%; min-width:25em; font-size:95%;"> <li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:0;">[[Ndepụta nkà|Ǹkà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:1.6em;">[[Ndepụta ndị egwuregwu|Egwuregwu]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:3.2em;">[[Ndetu obodo|Jìografì]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:0;">[[Ndepụta óménàlà Naịjirịa|Óménàlà]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:1.6em;">[[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Òtù Wikimedia Igbo]]</li> <li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:3.2em;">[[Ndepụta Sayensị|Sayensị na Ǹkà n'ụzụ]]</li> </ul> </div> <div style="border:1px solid #8898BF; margin-top:4px; background-color:#E4FCF5; padding:0.4em 0.5em 0.3em 0.5em;"> <div style="border:1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color:#A080B9; padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Édémédé akachasị gụọ</div> {| style="width:100%; " |- | [[Super Bowl XXX]]&nbsp;– [[Tekno (musician)]]&nbsp;– [[Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey]]&nbsp;– [[Fasil Assefa]]&nbsp;– [[Faith Kipyegon]]&nbsp;– [[Iri Ji ọhụrụ ndi Igbo]]&nbsp;– [[Ndia|India]]&nbsp;– [[Jémanị|Germany]]&nbsp;– [[Àlà]]&nbsp;– [[Ábu]]&nbsp;– [[Kánada|Canada]]&nbsp;– [[Igbo calendar]]&nbsp;– [[Federal Kọleji nke Mmụta Alvan Ikoku]]&nbsp;– [[Albania]]&nbsp;– [[Ọrụ Aka]]&nbsp;– [[Oru ugbo]]&nbsp;– [[Ejiji omenala Igbo]]&nbsp;– [[Vincent van Gogh]]&nbsp;– [[Egypt]]&nbsp;– [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] |} </div> ae0xvj8i4ashq0zwxrtkk5i1hth0ci7 Ihu m̀bụ 0 19100 741452 177854 2026-10-24T00:12:58Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia Main Page.png|thumb|Ihu m̀bụ]] <div class="mp-box"><div><div> = Nnọọ na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] = </div><div>Ógbè mmụta dị [[Free content|n'efu]] nke onye ọbụla nwere ike idezi.</div><div>Ihe ederede dị n'isiokwu ǹdè isii, narị puku asatọ na iri anọ na atọ na iri na anọ(6,843,014) edere n'asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]</div></div></div> <div><div class="MainPageBG mp-box"> == Site na isiokwu mbuụzọ a na-ahụkarị taa == <div class="mp-contains-float">{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|R}}>150|{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}|{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y|-1 day}}}}}}</div> == Ị maara ... ???&nbsp; == <div class="mp-contains-float"> * ... na yabasị Bermuda (nke e sere gosi) nwere njikọ chiri anya '''[[Bermuda onion|ya na Bermuda]]''' ruo ógó nke na ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ ghọrọ ndị a maara dị ka "yabasị"? * ... na ụgbọelu ndị agha mmiri (Navy) nke mba America nke '''[[Michael Wettlaufer]]''' na-akwọ fanyere n'elu elu nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi TV na Florida mgbe ọ na-aga ọzụzụ, nke manyere ya ịpụ n'ikuku ruo ihe fọrọ ntakịrị ka ọ ruo afọ ịse. * ... na a họpụtara onye ọ̀lụ́ agha '''[[Chris Tanasale]]''' dị ka onye isi obodo [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], Indonesia, iji gbochie ịkpapụ n'akụkụ nke ndị Kraịst nọ n'ógbè ahụ. * ... na onye so guzobe [[YouTube]] bụ [[Jawed Karim]] emelitela nkọwa nke vidiyo ya bụ "Mụ ebe m nọ n'ụlọ nchekwa ụmụ anụmanụ" n'ọtụtụ oge iji katọọ mkpebi azụmahịa nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. * ... na ndị Nazi gburu ihe karịrị ụmụ amaala Dutch iri ise n'ịbọ ọ́bọ̀ maka ogbugbu [[Hendrik Seyffardt]] na '''[[Hermannus Reydon]]''' site n'aka ndị Dutch. * ... na ndị egwuregwu iri na ise aha ha ga-adị na Pro Football Hall of Fame n'ọdịniihu ka '''[[Detroit Lions draft history|Detroit Lions deturula]]'''? * ... na a kpọrọ egwu pop-punk nke Fall Out Boy gụrụ n'afọ 2007 aha egwu Michael Jackson bụ Thriller ma malite n'okwu nke onye na-eti egwu [[Jay-Z]] kwuru. * ... na ụgbọ ngwá ahịa bụ "nnwale kachasị elu ịmata ma mmadụ onwere ike ịchị onwe ya", dị ka echiche ụgbọ ngwáahịa si kwuo. * ... na a machibidoro akwụkwọ edere gbasara mmachibido akwụkwọ? <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /></div></div><div class="MainPageBG mp-box"> == Nke dị n'akụkọ ụwa == <div class="mp-contains-float">  * Na Bolivia, ndị agha nke [[Juan José Zúñiga]] du wakporo obí onye isi ala na '''[[2024 Bolivian coup attempt|Mgbalị iwereghachị ọchịchị]] n'ike''' (dịka egosiri na ihe osise). * A tọhapụrụ onye guzobere [[WikiLeaks]] bụ '''[[Julian Assange]]''' n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị ka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta arịrịọ US. * [[Kenya Finance Bill protests|Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe]] '''[[2024 Parliament of Kenya assault|wakporo ụlọ omebe iwu]]''' dị na [[Nairobi]], Kenya, nke gburu mmadụ iri na itoolu ebe ndị mmadụ bụ ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ otu narị na iri isii merụrụ ahụ. * '''[[Aricell battery factory fire|Ọkụ]]''' gbara n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta batrị lithium dị n'obodo [[Hwaseong, Gyeonggi|Hwaseong]] nke South Korea gburu ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọrụ si China kwatara na mba ahụ. <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><div> '''[[Portal:Current events|Na-aga n'ihu]]''':<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><div class="hlist inline"> Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a: * Agha Israel-Hamas ** oge omume ya * Mwakpo Russia wakporo Ukraine ** oge omume ya * Agha obodo Sudan ** oge omume ya </div></div><div>'''[./Deaths_in_2024 :" title="Deaths in 2024">Ọnwụ ndị nwụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya]'''<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><div class="hlist inline"> Ndi nwụrụ n'oge n'adịbeghị anya * Margarita Voites * Lothar Gall * Romay Davis * Howard Bernstein * Joshua Wade * <span class="nowrap">George M. Woodwell</span> </div></div></div><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /></div> == N'ụbọchị a == <div class="mp-contains-float"> June 29: Mmemme oriri nke Ndị Nsọ Pita na Pọl (n'okpukperechi ndị na-eso ụzọ Kraịst nke ndị mba ọdịda anyanwụ)<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 167px;">[[File:Tornado_Woldegk_1764_-_copperplate_print.jpg|167x167px|Engraving of the Woldegk tornado ]]<div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; ">Ihe osise nke oké ifufe Woldegk</div></div></div> * [[1764]] - '''[[Woldegk|otu n'ime óké ifufe kachasị njọ merela n'ụwa]]''' (dịka e sere na '' Foto'') wakporo Woldegk n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Germany nke oge a, gbuo otu onye. * [[1864]] - Ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ebu ndị njem si n'elu àkwà mmiri na-enweghị ihe mgbochi ndapụ wee dapụ, dabanye n'[[Richelieu River|Osimiri Richelieu]] dị nso n'ebe a maara ugbua dịka [[Mont-Saint-Hilaire|Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec]], na-egbu ihe ruru mmadụ iri itoolu na itoolu ma merụọ otu narị ndị ọzọ ahụ n''''[[Beloeil train disaster|Ihe mberede ụgbọ okporo ígwè kachasị njọ nke merela na Canada]]'''. * [[1889]] - Hyde Park na ọtụtụ obodo [[Illinois]] ndị ọzọ mere ntụli aka ka [[Chicago]] sonye na ha, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ obodo kachasị ukwuu site na mbara ala nakwa nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu site n'ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mba United States. * [[1927]] - Ụgbọelu United States Army Air Corps bụ Bird of Paradise dara na Wheeler Field na agwaetiti Hawaii bụ [[Oahu]] iji mezue ụgbọ elu mbụ gafere Pacific. * [[1995]] - ''[[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Atlantis]]'' ghọrọ [[Space Shuttle|Ụgbọ mbara igwe]] US mbụ na-abanye na ụlọ ọrụ mbara igwe Russia ''[[Mir]]'' dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme Shuttle-Mir. <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles></div></div></div><div class="MainPageBG mp-box"> == Foto mbuụzọ a na-ahụkarị taa == <div></div></div><div class="mp-box"> == Akụkụ Wikipedia Ndị Ọzọ == <div></div> == Ọrụ ụmụnne Wikipedia Ndị Ọzọ== <div>{{NwannenwanyiWikipedia}}<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /></div> == Asụsụ niile nke Wikipedia == <div></div></div> ja646fnv0yhgbg4u59nurzwqu4uf4ja Chiara Sacchi 0 19237 741439 621010 2026-10-23T23:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chiara Sacchi''' (amụrụ n'afọ 2002) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na Argentina si Buenos Aires.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=#ChildrenVsClimateCrisis|url=https://childrenvsclimatecrisis.org/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=childrenvsclimatecrisis.org|archivedate=2021-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422162859/https://childrenvsclimatecrisis.org/}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == A mụrụ Chiara Sacchi ma zụlite ya na Haedo, Buenos Aires, ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Elmina Paz de Gallo, na El Palomar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-17|title=Chiara Sacchi: la joven de Haedo es una de las principales activistas argentinas que lucha para frenar el cambio climático|url=https://www.primerplanoonline.com.ar/chiara-sacchi-haedo-activista-cambio-climatico/|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Primer Plano Online|language=es}}</ref> Dị ka ajụjụ ọnụ Slow Food si kwuo, Sacchi tolitere n'ezinụlọ ebe ọ na-echegbu onwe ya mgbe niile maka iri nri dị mma, ọ bụkwa ya mere ọtụtụ n'ime omume ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe ji agba gburugburu nsogbu a.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-25|title="Give Us Back Our Future." Chiara Sacchi, Slow Food Activist with Greta to the UN|url=https://www.slowfood.com/give-us-back-our-future-chiara-sacchi-slow-food-activist-with-greta-to-the-un/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=Slow Food International|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117014316/https://www.slowfood.com/give-us-back-our-future-chiara-sacchi-slow-food-activist-with-greta-to-the-un/|archive-date=2020-11-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> O gosikwara n'okwu dị iche iche na ajụjụ ọnụ na a gbara ya ume ime ihe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe ka ọ na-atụ egwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ mberede n'ala nna ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Las Greta Thunberg latinas que luchan contra el cambio climático (¿Y conoces alguna otra?)|language=es|work=BBC News Mundo|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-49855318|accessdate=2020-11-14}}</ref> == Ịgba mbọ == Chiara Sacchi bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ŌChildren vs. Mgbanwe ihu igwe, tinyere Greta Thunberg na ndị ọzọ na-eto eto ịrị na isii na-eme ngagharị iwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Chiara Sacchi Filed a Landmark Climate Complaint Against Five Countries—Including Her Own|url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/why-chiarra-sacchi-filed-a-landmark-climate-complaint-a-1838486838|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=Earther|language=en-us|archivedate=2021-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515024625/https://earther.gizmodo.com/why-chiarra-sacchi-filed-a-landmark-climate-complaint-a-1838486838}}</ref> Nke a bụ atụmatụ nke rịọrọ Kọmitii Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Nwatakịrị ka ha jide [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[France]], [[Jémanị|Germany]] na [[Turkéy|Turkey]] maka enweghị ọrụ ha n'ihu nsogbu ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buenos Aires Times {{!}} Chiara-sacchi|url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/personalities/chiara-sacchi|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=www.batimes.com.ar}}</ref> Arịrịọ a bụ mkpesa mbụ nke otu ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ tinyere banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ikike nke Nwatakịrị. Sacchi esonyewo dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike na netwọk Slow Food Argentina, otu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-arụ ọrụ maka ichebe ụdị dị iche iche na nri dị mma, dị ọcha, na nke ziri ezi. Banyere ọrụ metụtara iri nri dị mma, ọ sonyekwara na Terra Madre Salone del Gusto na ọrụ nke La Comunidad Cocina Soberana de Buenos Aires, obodo na-eri nri na Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Food|first=Slow|date=2019-09-25|title="Give Us Back Our Future." Chiara Sacchi, Slow Food Activist with Greta to the UN|url=https://www.sustainable-news.com/2019/09/25/give-us-back-our-future-chiara-sacchi-slow-food-activist-with-greta-to-the-un/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=Sustainable News|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121012821/https://www.sustainable-news.com/2019/09/25/give-us-back-our-future-chiara-sacchi-slow-food-activist-with-greta-to-the-un/}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ banyere ọbụbụeze nri:<blockquote>Ana m akwado ụkpụrụ Slow Food n'ihi na ekwere m na e nwere ụzọ ndị ọzọ isi mepụta nri, ndị na-adịghị emerụ okike na ụmụ mmadụ...Ọ bụghị naanị na gọọmentị anaghị arụ ọrụ idozi ma gbochie mmebi nke usoro nri kpatara, ha na-ekwe ka nsí na-aga n'ihu na-ada na efere anyị.<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>Sacchi bụkwa onye na-akwado ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ: <blockquote>Nnukwu mgbanwe ọ bụla na-abịa site na ndị mmadụ, site na ndị ọzọ...Mgbe m na-ekwu maka ịga n'okporo ámá, m na-ekwupụta banyere ịhazi, nke ịmepụta ike otu.<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote>A maara ya maka okwu njirimara ya bụ "Give Us Back Our Future" , Sacchi bụ akụkụ nke òtù ndị ntorobịa na-eto eto nke na-akwalite ikpe ziri ezi n'etiti ọgbọ na omume ihu igwe. == Ebensidee == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sacchi, Chiara}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2002]] oeynzlm81jtnr30wc2mjoxj9by1h19m Hibiscus 0 19620 741442 706068 2026-10-24T00:12:45Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |''Hibiscus'' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Hibiscus_flower_TZ.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]'' |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Hibiscus| e ]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Osisi|Plantae]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Vascular plant|Tracheophytes]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Eudicots]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Rosids]] |- |Order: |[[Malvales]] |- |Family: |[[Malvaceae]] |- |Subfamily: |[[Malvoideae]] |- |Tribe: |[[Hibisceae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Hibiscus]]''<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Type species]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">L.</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |Species |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | See [[List of Hibiscus species|list of ''Hibiscus'' species]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]<ref name="GRIN"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="916">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100528145907/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5665 "Genus: ''Hibiscus'' L"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="917">''Germplasm Resources Information Network''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="918">United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="919">Archived from [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5665 the original] on 2010-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="920"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-16</span></span>.</span></cite></ref> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''Bombycidendron'' <small>[[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small> <small>& [[Alexander Moritzi|Moritzi]]</small> * ''Bombycodendron'' <small>Hassk.</small> * ''Brockmania'' <small>W.Fitzg.</small> * ''Pariti'' <small>Adans.</small> * ''Wilhelminia'' <small>Hochr.</small> |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] '''''Hibiscus'''''<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref><ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ezinụlọ mallow, Malvaceae. Ụdị ahụ buru ibu, na-agụnye ọtụtụ narị ụdị ndị na-etoputa na mpaghara okpomọkụ, mpaghara okpomanya na mpaghara okirikiri n'ụwa niile. A maara ụdị ndị otu ahụ maka nnukwu okooko osisi ha na-egbuke egbuke ma a na-akpọkarị ụdị ndị ahụ "hibiscus", ma ọ bụ nke a na-amaghị nke ọma dị ka '''rose mallow'''. Aha ndị ọzọ e ji mara ya gụnyere '''hibiscus siri ike''', '''rose nke sharon''', na '''hibiscus nke okpomọkụ.''' Ụdị ahụ gụnyere ma osisi na-eto eto na nke na-eto n'afọ, yana obere osisi nwere ụdị dị iche iche. Aha a sitere na aha Grik ἰβίσκος (''ibískos'') nke Pedanius Dioscorides nyere ''Althaea officinalis'' (c. 40 - 90 AD).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSEbamKS5uQC|title=Hibiscus: Hardy and Tropical Plants for the Garden|first=Barbara Perry|author=Lawton|publisher=Timber Press|isbn=978-0-88192-6545|year=2004}}</ref><ref> Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di)bi%2Fskos ἰβίσκος]</ref> A na-akụ ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche dị ka osisi ịchọ mma, ọkachasị ''Hibiscus syriacus'' na ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis''.<ref name="RHSAZ">{{Cite book|editor=Brickell|title=The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants|url=https://archive.org/details/azencyclopediaof0000unse|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781405332965}}</ref> A maara tii e ji okooko osisi hibiscus mee n'ọtụtụ aha gburugburu ụwa ma na-aṅu ya ma mgbe ọ dị ọkụ ma mgbe ọ na-ajụ oyi. A maara ihe ọṅụṅụ ahụ maka ụcha ọbara ọbara ya, ụtọ ọ na-atọ, na vitamin C. == Nkọwa == Akwụkwọ ya na-agbanwe agbanwe, ovate na lanceolate, na-enwekarị ezé ma ọ bụ lobed margin (dentate). [[Ìfulū|Okooko osisi]] ndị ahụ buru ibu, ọ pụtara ìhè, dị ka opi, o nwere mbara fulawa ise ma ọ bụ karịa, o nwere agba sitere na ọcha ruo ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, piich, edo edo ma ọ bụ purple. O na-enwe sentimita anọ wee ruo sentimita iri na asatọ n'obosara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.garden.org/plantguide/?q=show&id=2133|title=Hibiscus (National Gardening Association)|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite journal|first=A.M.|author=Fouda|title=Inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' on contractility of the rat bladder and uterus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-physiology-and-pharmacology_2007-10_85_10/page/1020|journal=Can J Physiol Pharmacol|volume=85|issue=10|pages=1020–31|date=2007|doi=10.1139/y07-093|pmid=18066103}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Pollen_grain_of_Hibiscus.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pollen_grain_of_Hibiscus.jpg/220px-Pollen_grain_of_Hibiscus.jpg|thumb|Ifuru osisi ]] Agba okooko osisi n'ụdị ụfọdụ, dị ka ''H''. mutabilis na H. tiliaceus, na-agbanwe na afọ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3e5wyFJY-8C|title=Nature's Palette: the Science of Plant Color|first=David Webster|author=Lee|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-226-47052-8}}</ref> Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ capsule kpọrọ nkụ nke nwere lobes ise, nke nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ na lobes ọ bụla, nke a na-ahapụ mgbe capsule dehisces (na-emeghe) mgbe ọ tozuru. Ọ na-acha uhie uhie na ọcha. Ọ bụ ihe atụ nke okooko osisi zuru oke. [[Usòrò:Hibiscus_Flower's_Life_Cycle_Stages.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hibiscus_Flower%27s_Life_Cycle_Stages.jpg/700px-Hibiscus_Flower%27s_Life_Cycle_Stages.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|Usoro ndụ nke okooko osisi]] [[Usòrò:Hibiscus_Blooming_Time_Lapse.webm|thumb|Oge okooko osisi Hibiscus na-ama abuba ]] == Ụdị dị iche iche == [[Usòrò:Bunga_raya_belum_kembang.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bunga_raya_belum_kembang.jpg/220px-Bunga_raya_belum_kembang.jpg|thumb|Mkpụrụ osisi]] [[Usòrò:Hujung_bunga_raya_merah.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hujung_bunga_raya_merah.jpg/220px-Hujung_bunga_raya_merah.jpg|thumb|Ifuru ]] [[Usòrò:Yellow_Hibiscus+_(110014928).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Yellow_Hibiscus%2B_%28110014928%29.jpg/220px-Yellow_Hibiscus%2B_%28110014928%29.jpg|thumb|Hibiscus na-acha edo edo bụ okooko osisi steeti nke Hawaii, ọ bụ ezie na hibiscus a na-ahụkarị na steeti ahụ bụ ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis''.]] N'ógbè ndị dị jụụ, ma eleghị anya ụdị ihe ịchọ mma a na-ahụkarị bụ ''Hibiscus syriacus'', hibiscus ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ụbị, nke a makwaara n'ebe ụfọdụ dị ka "rose nke Althea" ma ọ bụ "rose nke Sharon" (ma a gaghị ejikọta ya na ''Hypericum calycinum'' na-enweghị njikọ, nke a na-akpọkwa "rose nke Sharon"). N'ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara okpomọkụ, hibiscus nke China (H. rosa-sinensis), ya na ọtụtụ ngwakọta ya, bụ hibiscus kachasị ewu ewu. A maara ọtụtụ narị ụdị, nke gụnyere: *''[[Hibiscus abelmoschus]]'' <small>L.</small> synonym of ''[[Abelmoschus moschatus]]'' Medik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849449|title=Hibiscus abelmoschus L. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=16 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116152038/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849449}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus abelmoschus]]'' var. ''betulifolius'' <small>Mast.</small> synonym of ''[[Abelmoschus moschatus]]'' Medik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849450|title=Hibiscus abelmoschus var. betulifolius Mast. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=3 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003092255/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849450}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus abelmoschus]]'' var. ''genuinus'' <small>Hochr.</small> synonym of ''[[Abelmoschus moschatus]]'' Medik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849451|title=Hibiscus abelmoschus var. genuinus Hochr. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=16 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116144943/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849451}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus laevis abutiloides]]'' <small>Willd.</small> synonym of ''[[Talipariti tiliaceum]]'' var. ''pernambucense'' (Arruda) Fryxell<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849452|title=Hibiscus abutiloides Willd. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=3 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003074006/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849452}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus abyssinicus]]'' <small>Steud.</small> (unresolved)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849453|title=Hibiscus abyssinicus Steud. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=3 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003155126/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849453}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus acapulcensis]]'' <small>Fryxell</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50137667|title=Hibiscus acapulcensis Fryxell — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=12 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912033244/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50137667}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus acerifolius]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> (unresolved)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849455|title=Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=3 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003104256/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849455}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus acerifolius]]'' <small>DC.</small> (unresolved)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849456|title=Hibiscus acerifolius DC. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=3 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003123259/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849456}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus acetosaefolius]]'' <small>DC.</small> (unresolved)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-19600383|title=Hibiscus acetosaefolius DC. — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=3 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003132123/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-19600383}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus acetosella]]'' <small>[[Welw.]] ex [[William Philip Hiern|Hiern.]]</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849457|title=Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern — The Plant List|access-date=26 October 2016|accessdate=12 September 2022|archivedate=18 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318141036/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2849457}}</ref> false roselle *''[[Hibiscus acicularis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus aculeatus]]''—comfortroot *''[[Hibiscus aethiopicus]]'' <small>L.</small> *''[[Hibiscus altissimus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus andongensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus angolensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus aponeurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |pmc=1475560 |year=2006 |last1=Bussmann |first1=R. W. |title=Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=2 |pages=22 |last2=Gilbreath |first2=G. G. |last3=Solio |first3=J. |last4=Lutura |first4=M. |last5=Lutuluo |first5=R. |last6=Kunguru |first6=K. |last7=Wood |first7=N. |last8=Mathenge |first8=S. G. |pmid=16674830 |doi=10.1186/1746-4269-2-22}}</ref> *''[[Hibiscus archeri]]''—Archer's hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus aridicola]]'' *''[[Hawaiian hibiscus|Hibiscus arnottianus]]'' <small>[[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]</small>—''kokiʻo ʻula'' ([[Hawaii]]) *''[[Hibiscus asper]]''—bush roselle *''[[Hibiscus austroyunnanensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus barbosae]]'' *''[[Hibiscus benguellensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus berberidifolius]]'' *''[[Hibiscus bernieri]]'' *''[[Hibiscus bifurcatus]]''—fork-bracted rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus biseptus]]''—Arizona rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus bojerianus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus boryanus]]''—foulsapate marron *''[[Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>—[[Hawaiian hibiscus]] ''maʻo hau hele'' *''[[Hibiscus burtt-davyi]]'' *''[[Hibiscus caerulescens]]'' *''[[Hibiscus caesius]]''—dark-eyed hibiscus ([[South Africa]]) *''[[Hibiscus calyphyllus]]''—lemonyellow rosemallow ([[tropical Africa]]) *''[[Hibiscus cameronii]]''—Cameron's hibiscus, pink hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus cannabinus]]'' <small>L.</small>—[[Kenaf]] *''[[Hibiscus castroi]]'' *''[[Hibiscus cisplatinus]]''—rosa del rio *''[[Hibiscus citrinus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus clayi]]'' <small>[[Otto Degener|O.Deg.]] & [[Isa Degener|I.Deg.]]</small>— [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Hawaiian red hibiscus]] (Hawaii) *''[[Hibiscus clypeatus]]''—Congo mahoe *''[[Hibiscus coccineus]]'' <small>([[Friedrich Kasimir Medikus|Medik.]]) [[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]</small>—scarlet rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus colimensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus columnaris]]''—mahot rempart *''[[Hibiscus comoensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus congestiflorus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus costatus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus coulteri]]''—desert rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus cuanzensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus dasycalyx]]''—Neches River rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus denudatus]]'' <small>[[George Bentham|Benth.]]</small>—pale face ([[Southwestern United States]], Northwestern [[Mexico]]) *''[[Hibiscus dimidiatus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus dioscorides]]'' <small>{{Interlanguage link multi|Anthony G. Miller{{!}}A.G.Mill.|2=es|3=Anthony G. Miller|4=pt|5=Anthony G. Miller|preserve=1}}</small> (Yemen) *''[[Hibiscus diplocrater]]'' *''[[Hibiscus diriffan]]'' <small>A.G.Mill.</small> (Yemen) *''[[Hibiscus diversifolius]]''—swamp hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus dongolensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus donianus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus elatus]]''—mahoe *''[[Hibiscus elegans]]'' *''[[Hibiscus engleri]]''—wild hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus escobariae]]'' *''[[Hibiscus excellii]]'' *''[[Hibiscus ferrugineus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus ficalhoanus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus flavoroseus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus fragilis]]'' <small>DC.</small>—mandrinette ([[Mascarene Islands]]) *''[[Hibiscus fragrans]]'' *''[[Hibiscus fritzscheae]]'' *''[[Hibiscus fugosioides]]'' *''[[Hibiscus furcellatus]]'' <small>[[Louis Auguste Joseph Desrousseaux|Desr.]]</small>—lindenleaf rosemallow ([[Caribbean]], [[Florida]], [[Central America]], [[South America]], [[Hawaii]]) *''[[Hibiscus fuscus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus genevii]]'' <small>Bojer</small> (Mauritius) *''[[Hibiscus gilletii]]'' *''[[Hibiscus gossweileri]]'' *''[[Hibiscus grandidieri]]'' *''[[Hibiscus grandiflorus]]'' <small>[[André Michaux|Michx.]]</small>—swamp rosemallow ([[Southeastern United States]]) *''[[Hibiscus grandistipulatus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus grewiifolius]]'' *''[[Hibiscus hamabo]]'' *''[[Hibiscus hastatus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus heterophyllus]]''—native rosella *''[[Hibiscus hirtus]]''—lesser mallow *''[[Hibiscus hispidissimus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus huellensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus hybridus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus indicus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus insularis]]'' <small>[[Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher|Endl.]]</small>—Phillip Island hibiscus ([[Phillip Island (Norfolk Island)|Phillip Island]]) *''[[Hibiscus integrifolius]]'' *''[[Hibiscus jaliscensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus kochii]]'' *''[[Hibiscus kokio]]''—red rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus labordei]]'' *''[[Hibiscus laevis]]'' <small>[[Carlo Allioni|All.]]</small> (=''H. militaris'')—halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America) *''[[Hibiscus lasiocarpos]]''—woolly rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus lasiococcus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus lavaterioides]]'' *''[[Hibiscus laxiflorus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus leptocladus]]'' ([Northwest Australia]) *''[[Hibiscus leviseminus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus lilacinus]]''—lilac hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus liliiflorus]]''—Rodrigues tree hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus longifolius]]'' *''[[Hibiscus longisepalus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus ludwigii]]'' *''[[Hibiscus lunariifolius]]'' *''[[Hibiscus macilwraithensis]]''<small> - [[Australia]]</small> *''[[Hibiscus macrogonus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus macrophyllus]]''—largeleaf rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus macropodus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus makinoi]]''—Okinawan hibiscus *''[[Hibiscus malacophyllus]]'' <small>[[Isaac Bayley Balfour|Balf.f.]]</small> ([[Yemen]]) *''[[Hibiscus malacospermus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus martianus]]''— heartleaf rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus mesnyi]]'' <small>Pierre ex Laness.</small> (Vietnam endemic) *''[[Hibiscus moscheutos]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>—crimsoneyed rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America) *''[[Hibiscus mutabilis]]'' <small>L.</small>—cotton rosemallow, Confederate rose (East Asia) *''[[Hibiscus paramutabilis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus pedunculatus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus phoeniceus]]''—Brazilian rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus platanifolius]]'' *''[[Hibiscus pusillus]]'' <small>Thunb.</small> -bladderweed *''[[Hibiscus quattenensis]]'' *''[[Hibiscus poeppigii]]''—Poeppig's rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus radiatus]]''—monarch rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]'' <small>L.</small>—Chinese hibiscus ([[East Asia]]) *''[[Roselle (plant)|Hibiscus sabdariffa]]'' <small>L.</small>—roselle, omutete, or sorrel *''[[Hibiscus schizopetalus]]''—fringed rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus scottii]]'' *''[[Hibiscus socotranus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus sinosyriacus]]'' *''[[Hibiscus splendens]]'' *''[[Hibiscus stenanthus]]'' <small>Balf.f.</small> (Yemen) *''[[Hibiscus striatus]]''—striped rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus sturtii]] <small>[[Australia]]</small> *''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'' <small>L.</small> (type species)—rose of Sharon ([[Asia]]) *''[[Hibiscus taiwanensis S.Y. Hu]]''<ref>[[Hibiscus taiwanensis]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=January 2018}} *''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]'' <small>L.</small>—sea hibiscus ([[Australia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Oceania]]) *''[[Hibiscus tozerensis]]'' - <small>[[Australia]]</small> *''[[Hibiscus trilobus]]''—threelobe rosemallow *''[[Hibiscus trionum]]'' <small>L.</small>—flower-of-an-hour *''[[Hibiscus vitifolius]]''—tropical rose mallow *''[[Hibiscus waimeae]]'' <small>[[Amos Arthur Heller|A.Heller]]</small>—''kokiʻo keʻokeʻo'' (Hawaii) === A na-etinye ya n'oge gara aga na ụdị === *''[[Okra|Abelmoschus esculentus]]'' <small>(L.) Moench</small> (as ''H. esculentus'' <small>L.</small>) *''[[Abelmoschus ficulneus]]'' <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small> (as ''H. ficulneus'' <small>L.</small>) *[[Abelmoschus manihot|''Abelmoschus manihot'' subsp. ''manihot'']] (as ''H. manihot'' <small>L.</small>) *[[Abelmoschus manihot|''Abelmoschus manihot'' var. ''pungens'']] <small>(Roxb.) Hochr.</small> (as ''H. pungens'' <small>Roxb.</small>) *[[Abelmoschus manihot|''Abelmoschus manihot'' var. ''tetraphyllus'']] <small>(Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. Waalk.</small> (as ''H. tetraphyllus'' <small>Roxb. ex Hornem.</small>) *[[Abelmoschus moschatus|''Abelmoschus moschatus'' subsp. ''moschatus'']] (as ''H. abelmoschus'' <small>L.</small>) *[[Abelmoschus moschatus|''Abelmoschus moschatus'' subsp. ''tuberosus'']] <small>(Span.) Borss. Waalk.</small> (as ''H. sagittifolius'' <small>Kurz</small>) *''[[Alyogyne cuneiformis]]'' <small>(DC.) Lewton</small> (as ''H. cuneiformis'' <small>DC.</small>) *''[[Alyogyne hakeifolia]]'' <small>(Giord.) Alef.</small> (as ''H. hakeifolius'' <small>Giord.</small>) *''[[Alyogyne huegelii]]'' <small>(Endl.) Fryxell</small> (as ''H. wrayae'' <small>Lindl.</small>) *''[[Alyogyne pinoniana]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) Fryxell</small> (as ''H. pinonianus'' <small>Gaudich.</small>) *''[[Firmiana simplex]]'' <small>(L.) [[William Franklin Wight|W.Wight]]</small> (as ''H. simplex'' <small>L.</small>) *[[Lagunaria|''Lagunaria patersonia'' subsp. ''patersonia'']] (as ''H. patersonius'' <small>Andrews</small>) *''[[Kosteletzkya adoensis]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Mast.</small> (as ''H. adoensis'' <small>Hochst. ex A.Rich.</small>) *''[[Kosteletzkya pentacarpos]]'' <small>(L.) Ledeb.</small> (as ''H. pentacarpos'' <small>L.</small>) *''[[Kosteletzkya tubiflora]]'' <small>(DC.) Blanch. & McVaugh</small> (as ''H. tubiflorus'' <small>DC.</small>) *''[[Kosteletzkya virginica]]'' <small>(L.) C.Presl ex A.Gray</small> (as ''H. virginicus'' <small>L.</small>) *''[[Pavonia arabica]]'' <small>Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.</small> (as ''H. flavus'' <small>Forssk.</small>) *''[[Pavonia spinifex]]'' <small>(L.) Cav.</small> (as ''H. spinifex'' <small>L.</small>) *''[[Radyera farragei]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Fryxell & S.H.Hashmi</small> (as ''H. farragei'' <small>F.Muell.</small>) *''[[Thespesia lampas]]'' <small>(Cav.) Dalzell</small> (as ''H. lampas'' <small>Cav.</small>) *''[[Thespesia populnea]]'' <small>(L.) Sol. ex Corrêa</small> (as ''H. populneoides'' <small>Roxb.</small> or ''H. populneus'' <small>L.</small>)<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?5665 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Hibiscus'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-02-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916161458/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?5665 |archive-date=2014-09-16}}</ref> == Ojiji == [[Usòrò:Hawaiian_Flower.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hawaiian_Flower.JPG/220px-Hawaiian_Flower.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Hibiscus arnottianus'' na-acha ọcha na Hawaii]] [[Usòrò:Hibiscus_Madonna.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hibiscus_Madonna.jpg/220px-Hibiscus_Madonna.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|(Giant) ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' 'Madonna' nke okpomọkụ]] [[Usòrò:Hibiscus_hirtus_Lesser_Mallow_flower_Yeleswaram_EastGodavari.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hibiscus_hirtus_Lesser_Mallow_flower_Yeleswaram_EastGodavari.JPG/220px-Hibiscus_hirtus_Lesser_Mallow_flower_Yeleswaram_EastGodavari.JPG|thumb|''Hibiscus hirtus'']] [[Usòrò:Hibiscus_lobatus_(Lahan_Jaswand)_in_Hyderabad,_AP_W_IMG_9075.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Hibiscus_lobatus_%28Lahan_Jaswand%29_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_9075.jpg/220px-Hibiscus_lobatus_%28Lahan_Jaswand%29_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_9075.jpg|thumb|''Hibiscus lobatus'']] [[Usòrò:Hibiscus_hispidissimus_at_Kadavoor.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hibiscus_hispidissimus_at_Kadavoor.jpg/220px-Hibiscus_hispidissimus_at_Kadavoor.jpg|thumb|''Hibiscus hispidissimus'']] === Ịma Mma Ala === A na-akụ ọtụtụ ụdị maka [[Ìfulū|okooko osisi]] ha mara mma ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe dị ka obere osisi, a na-ejikwa ya adọta urukurubụba, aṅụ, na hummingbirds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floridata.com/lists/butterfly_plants.cfm|title=Floridata Master Plant List|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref> Hibiscus bụ osisi siri ike, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche ma n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ọ nwere ike iweputa ima mma nke ogige ọ bụla. N'ịbụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche, ọ na-eme ka onwe ya ọ bụrụ ihe e nwere ike izụlite ogige mbara ụlọ n'ime obodo ndị jupụtara na ya ma nwee ike ịzụlite ya n'ụzọ dị mfe n'ime ite dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'ime arịa kwụ ọtọ. Ọ bụ osisi na-adịgide adịgide ma na-agbasa okooko osisi n'afọ niile. Dị ka ọ na-abịa n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche, ọ bụ osisi nke nwere ike ịgbakwunye ume na ubi ọ bụla. Nanị ọrịa nke ndị na-elekọta ubi kwesịrị ịkpachara anya bụ ihe a kpọrọ mealybugs. Ọ dị mfe ịhụ ọrịa Mealybug n'ihi na a na-ahụ ha n'ụzọ doro anya dị ka ọrịa cottony na-acha ọcha na buds, akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ogwe osisi. Iji chebe osisi ahụ, ị ga-ewepụ akụkụ ahụ butere ọrịa, jiri mmiri fesa ya, ma tinye ọgwụ ahụhụ kwesịrị ekwesị. === Akwụkwọ === Otu ụdị Hibiscus, nke a maara dị ka kenaf (''Hibiscus'' cannabinus), a na-eji ya eme akwụkwọ.{{Tinye edensibịa}} === Ụdọ na owuwu === A na-eji mkpo dị n'ime nke hibiscus oké osimiri (''Hibiscus tiliaceus''), nke a na-akpọkwa 'hau', eme na Polynesia maka ime eriri, na osisi maka ime ụgbọ mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri.{{Tinye edensibịa}} A na-eme eriri dị n'ụgbọ mmiri ozi ala ọzọ ''Messenger of Peace'' site na eriri sitere na osisi hibiscus.<ref name="Shipping Wonders of the World (1937)">{{Cite journal|title=Missionary Ships|journal=Shipping Wonders of the World|date=26 January 1937|issue=Part 51|url=https://www.shippingwondersoftheworld.com/missionrary-ships.html|accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref> === Ihe ọṅụṅụ === E ji ọtụtụ aha mara tii e ji calyces nke ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' mee n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa ma na-aṅụ ya mgbe ọ dị ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ na-ajụ oyi. A maara ihe ọṅụṅụ ahụ nke ọma maka ụcha ọbara ọbara ya, ilu na ụtọ pụrụ iche. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ na-edozi ahụ nke ukwuu n'ihi vitamin C ya. A maara ya dị ka ''bissap'' na West Africa, "Gul e Khatmi" na Urdu & Persian, agua de jamaica na Mexico na Central America (okooko osisi bụ flor de jamaica) na ''Orhul'' na India. Ụfọdụ na-ezo aka na ya dị ka ''roselle'', aha a na-ahụkarị maka okooko osisi hibiscus. Na [[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]], Trinidad na ọtụtụ agwaetiti ndị ọzọ dị na Caribbean, a maara ihe ọṅụṅụ ahụ dị ka sorrel (''Hibiscus sabdariffa''; ka a ghara ịgbagwoju ya anya na ''Rumex acetosa'', ụdị na-ekerịta aha a na-akpọ ''sorrel''). Na Ghana, a maara ihe ọṅụṅụ ahụ dị ka ''soobolo'' n'otu n'ime asụsụ obodo. Na Cambodia, enwere ike ịkwadebe ihe ọṅụṅụ oyi site na itinye petals na mmiri ọkụ ruo mgbe a na-esi na petals gbapụta agba, wee tinye mmiri lime (nke na-agbanwe ihe ọṅụṅụ ahụ site na nchara ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara gaa na ọbara ọbara), ihe na-atọ ụtọ (shụga/mmanụ aṅụ) na n'ikpeazụ mmiri oyi/kpụrụkpụrụ mmiri. N'Ijipt na Sudan, a maara tii hibiscus dị ka ''karkadé'' (كركیه), a na-aṅụ ya dị ka ihe ọṅụṅụ na-ekpo ọkụ na nke oyi. Hibiscus (nke a makwaara na Sri Lanka dị ka okooko osisi akpụkpọ ụkwụ, සපත්තු මල, වද මල n'asụsụ Sinhalese) bụ ihe nwere ihe nketa bara ọgaranya nke ndị Lankans na-enye ume ọhụrụ. Mkpụrụ osisi ọhụrụ, ice tii na syrups e ji okooko osisi Hibiscus mee bụ ihe oriri a ma ama n'etiti ndị Sri Lanka. === Nri === A na-eri hibiscus a mịrị amị, ọ na-abụkarịkwa nri dị ụtọ na Mexico. A pụkwara ime ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe ịchọ mma, ọ na-abụkarị maka nri ndị e ji esi nri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nrn.com/penton_404_redirect|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref> A na-eji roselle (''Hibiscus sabdariffa'') eme ihe dị ka akwụkwọ nri. A na-ahụ ụdị ''Hibiscus suratensis'' Linn nke ya na ''Hibiscus aculeatus'' G. Don na Visayas na Philippines dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ nri na menus niile dị n'ógbè ahụ. A maara dị ka labog na mpaghara Visayan (ma ọ bụ labuag / sapinit na Tagalog), ụdị ahụ bụ ihe eji esi nri ofe ọkụkọ. A na-eji ụdị ''Hibiscus'' dị ka osisi nri site na igurube nke ụfọdụ ụdị lepidopteran, gụnyere ''Chionodes hibiscella'', ''Hypercompe hambletoni'', nutmeg moth, na turnip moth. === Ọgwụ ọdịnala === A na-akọwa ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' dị ka nke nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ na Ayurveda India.<ref name="pfaf">[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Hibiscus+rosa-sinensis Plants for a Future: ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'']. (accessed 07/05/2009)</ref> === Mmetụta a na-ekwu na ọ na-emetụta ọbara mgbali elu === A na-azọrọ na tii na-esi ísì ụtọ sitere na ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' nwere ike belata ọbara mgbali elu.<ref name="hsab">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00157-3|pmid=10404421|title=The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on essential hypertension|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-ethnopharmacology_1999-06_65_3/page/231|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|volume=65|issue=3|pages=231–236|year=1999|author=Haji Faraji|first=M.}}</ref><ref name="hsab2">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.002|pmid=25038696|title=Hibiscus sabdariffa L. – A phytochemical and pharmacological review|journal=Food Chemistry|volume=165|pages=424–443|year=2014|author=Da-Costa-Rocha|first=Inês}}</ref> === Nlezianya na ihe mgbochi === ==== Ime na inye nwa ara ==== Ọ bụ ezie na a ghọtachaghị usoro ahụ nke ọma, ọmụmụ anụmanụ gara aga egosila ma mmetụta mgbochi nke H. sabdariffa na ụda uru ahụ na mmetụta mgbochi ọmụmụ nke ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'', n'otu n'otu.<ref name="ref1"/><ref name="Vasudeva08">{{Cite journal|first=N.|author=Vasudeva|title=Post-Coital Antifertility Activity of ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' Linn. roots|journal=Evid Based Complement Alternat Med|volume=5|issue=1|pages=91–94|date=2008|doi=10.1093/ecam/nem003|pmid=18317554}}</ref> E gosipụtara na i''h''e a na-ewepụta na H. sabdariffa na-akpali mkpụmkpụ nke ụfụfụ na akpa nwa; ihe a na'ewepụta na-egosi mmetụta mgbochi afọ ime n'ụdị ọrụ estrogen na òké.<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="Vasudeva08" /> A hụbeghị nchọpụta ndị a n'ime ụmụ mmadụ. A na-eche na ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' nwere mmetụta emmenagogue nke nwere ike ịkpali ịhụ nsọ na, n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ụfọdụ, na-akpata [[Iwepu afọ ime|ite ime]].<ref>{{Cite journal|first=H.J.|author=de Boer|title=Medicinal plants for women's healthcare in Southeast Asia: a meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology|journal=J Ethnopharmacol|volume=151|issue=2|pages=747–767|date=2014|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030|pmid=24269772}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ali|first=B.H.|title=Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' L.: a review|journal=Phytother Res|volume=19|issue=5|pages=369–375|date=2005|doi=10.1002/ptr.1628|pmid=16106391}}</ref><ref name="ref3">{{Cite journal|first=E.|author=Ernst|title=Herbal medicinal products during pregnancy: are they safe?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bjog_2002-03_109_3/page/227|journal=Br J Obstet Gynaecol|volume=109|issue=3|pages=227–235|date=2002|doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.t01-1-01009.x|pmid=11950176}}</ref> N'ihi mmetụta ọjọọ edere na ọmụmụ anụmanụ na ihe ndị a kọrọ na ha nwere ọgwụ, anaghị atụ aro H. sabdariffa na H. rosa-sinensis maka iji ya mee ihe n'oge [[Afọ ime|ime ime]].<ref name="ref3" /> ==== Mmekọrịta ọgwụ ọjọọ ==== A na-ekwu na H. sabdariffa na diclofenac, chloroquine na acetaminophen na-emekọrịta ihe site n'ịgbanwe pharmacokinetics. N'ime ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo nwere ahụike, a chọpụtara na ihe H. sabdariffa na-ewepụta na-ebelata nsị nke diclofenac mgbe a na-enye ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=T.O.|author=Fakeye|title=Effects of Water Extract of ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'', Linn (Malvaceae) 'Roselle' on Excretion of a Diclofenac Formulation|journal=Phytotherapy Research|volume=21|issue=1|pages=96–98|date=2007|doi=10.1002/ptr.2019|pmid=17094172}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, a chọpụtara na nchịkwa nke Karkade (H. sabdariffa), ihe ọṅụṅụ Sudanese a na-ahụkarị, na-ebelata chloroquine bioavailability.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=B.M.|author=Mahmoud|title=Significant reduction in chloroquine bioavailability following coadministration with the Sudanese beverages Aradaib, Karkadi and Lemon|journal=Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy|volume=33|issue=5|pages=1005–9|date=1994|doi=10.1093/jac/33.5.1005|pmid=8089046}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama a hụrụ na pharmacokinetics nke acetaminophen mgbe a na-enye ya na ihe ọṅụṅụ Zobo (H. sabdariffa).<ref>{{Cite journal|first=J.A.|author=Kolawole|title=Effect of Zobo drink (Hibiscus sabdariffa water extract) on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in human volunteers|journal=Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet|volume=29|issue=1|pages=25–29|date=2004|doi=10.1007/BF03190570|pmid=15151167}}</ref> A chọrọ nyocha ndị ọzọ iji gosipụta mkpa ahụike dị. == Ihe nnọchianya na omenala == Hibiscus na-acha ọbara ọbara bụ okooko osisi nke chi nwanyị [[Okpukpe Hindu|Hindu]] Kali, ọ na-apụta ugboro ugboro n'ihe ngosi ya na nka nke Bengal, India, mgbe mgbe na chi nwanyị na okooko osisi na-agwakọta n'ụdị. A na-eji hibiscus eme ihe dị ka onyinye nye Kali na chi Ganesha na ofufe Hindu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kali Puja 2018: Date, Puja time, Significance And Foods to Celebrate the Festival|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/kali-puja-2018-date-puja-time-significance-and-foods-to-celebrate-the-festival-1943115|accessdate=2020-08-28|publisher=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ganesh Chaturthi 2020: Quotes, wishes and messages which you can send to your family and friends on Vinayaka Chaturthi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/events/ganesh-chaturthi-2020-quotes-wishes-and-messages-which-you-can-send-to-your-family-and-friends-on-vinayaka-chaturthi/articleshow/77677233.cms|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Na Philippines, ụmụaka na-eji ''gumamela'' (aha obodo maka hibiscus) eme ihe dị ka akụkụ nke ihe ntụrụndụ na-eme ka efere. A na-egbutu okooko osisi na akwụkwọ ruo mgbe mmiri na-arapara n'ahụ pụtara. A na-etinyezi ogwe papaya dị n'ime nke a ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ahịhịa maka ịfụ ụfụfụ. Tinyere ncha, mmiri hibiscus na-emepụta ọtụtụ efere. A na-akpọkwa ya "Tarukanga" na Waray, ọkachasị na mpaghara Eastern Samar. Ụmụ agbọghọ Tahiti na Hawaiian na-eyi okooko osisi hibiscus. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eyi okooko osisi ahụ n'azụ ntị aka ekpe, nwanyị ahụ lụrụ di ma ọ bụ nwee enyi nwoke. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eyi okooko osisi ahụ n'aka nri, ọ bụ naanị ya ma ọ bụ n'ihu ọha maka mmekọrịta.{{Tinye edensibịa}} Hibiscus na-acha odo odo bụ okooko osisi steeti Hawaii. Onye edemede Naijiria bụ [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya Purple ''Hibiscus'' n'aha okooko osisi ahụ. Akpụkpọ ahụ nke hibiscus nwere eriri bast siri ike nke enwere ike inweta site na ịhapụ akpụkpọ ahụ e wepụrụ n'oké osimiri ka ihe ndị dị ndụ ree. === Dị ka ihe nnọchianya mba na nke steeti === Hibiscus bụ ihe nnọchianya mba nke Haiti, na okooko osisi mba nke mba dị iche iche nke gụnyere Solomon Islands na Niue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/national-symbols/|title=National Symbols|work=The World Factbook|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=26 October 2016|archivedate=8 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108112336/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2230.html}}</ref><ref name="Minahan">{{Cite book|title=The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems|url=https://archive.org/details/completeguideton0002mina|author=Minahan|first=James|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2009|isbn=978-0-31334-497-8}}</ref> ''Hibiscus syriacus'' bụ okooko osisi mba nke South Korea, na ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' bụ okooko mmiri mba nke [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=75126|title=What you didn't know about Korea's national flower|author=Korean Culture and Information Service (KOCIS)|publisher=Korea.net|accessdate=2022-09-12|archivedate=2017-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301014156/http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=75126}}</ref><ref name="Minahan" /> ''Hibiscus brackenridgei'' bụ okooko osisi steeti nke [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/hawaii/state-flower/pua-aloalo|title=Hawaii State Flower - Yellow Hibiscus|publisher=statesymbolsusa.org}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *[http://www.americanhibiscus.org/ American Hibiscus Society (AHS)] *[http://www.australianhibiscus.com/ Australian Hibiscus Society] *[http://www.internationalhibiscussociety.org/ International Hibiscus Society] *Vicki J. Coldwell [https://gardender.com/growing-tips/how-to-plant-and-care-hibiscus/ Plant and care Hibiscus] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629185553/http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1134&parname=0%2F Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kffypp1u85b3xtf7bh1hqia4bt6h66i Cabbage 0 19685 741430 707418 2026-10-23T21:30:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aesthetic Cabage.jpg|thumb|Cabbage]] [[Usòrò:Brassica oleracea var. capitata zum Verkauf 2011.JPG|thumb|Cabbage]]  {{Databox}}'''Cabbage''', nke nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'', bụ osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ọbara ọbara (anụnụ anụnụ), ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha nke a na-azulite dị ka akwụkwọ nri kwa afọ maka isi akwụkwọ ya. Ọ sitere na cabbage ọhịa ([[Brassica oleracea|''B. oleracea'']]<nowiki/>var. [[Brassica oleracea|''oleraceae'']]), ma bụrụkwa nke "ihe ọkụkụ" ma ọ bụ brassicas, nke pụtara na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na broccoli na cauliflower (var. ''botrytis''); Brussels sprouts (var. ''gemmifera''); na Savoy cabbage ([[Brassica oleracea|var]]. ''sabauda''). Cabbage na-adịkarị n'agbata gram narị ise na otu puku gram (1 - 2 lb). Cabages na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke siri ike bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, na-acha odo odo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha uhie uhie nke na-acha ụcha abụọ ahụ na-adị ụkọ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ogologo ụbọchị anwụ na-achasi ike, dị ka ndị a na-ahụ na latitudes dị elu n'ebe ugwu n'oge ọkọchị, cabbages nwere ike itolite nke ukwuu. {{As of|2012}} n'afọ 2012, cabbage kachasị arọ bụ 62.71kilogram (138 lb 4oz). A na-ahọrọ isi cabbage n'oge afọ mbụ nke ndụ nke osisi ahụ, mana a na-ekwe ka osisi ndị e bu n'obi maka mkpụrụ osisi too n'afọ nke abụọ ma a ghaghị ichebe ha na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ iji gbochie cross-pollination. Cabbage nwere ọtụtụ ụkọ ihe oriri, yana ọtụtụ ihe na-egbu egbu, na ọrịa nje na fungal. O yikarịrị ka a na-azụlite cabbage n'ebe ọ bụla na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] n'akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie tupu 1000 BC. E dekọrọ cabbage na nri kemgbe oge ochie.<ref>A brief historical sketch is in [[Cabbage#Toussaint-Samat|Toussaint-Samat]], pp. 622ff.</ref> A kọwara ya dị ka ihe okomoko tebụl n'Alaeze Ukwu Rom.<ref>The Natural History of Pompeii. Cambridge University Press. 2002. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-521-80054-9</ref> Ka ọ na-erule oge etiti, cabbage aghọwo akụkụ a ma ama nke nri Europe, dị ka ihe ngosi nke ihe odide gosipụtara.<ref>Ingram, Christine (2000). The Cook's Guide to Vegetables. Hermes House. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-1-84038-842-8.</ref> E webatara ụdị ọhụrụ site na Renaissance gaa n'ihu, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-asụ German. E mepụtara cabbage Savoy na narị afọ nke iri na isii. Ka ọ na-erule senchiri nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, cabbage a na-ewu ewu dị ka nri dị mkpa n'etiti, n'ebe ugwu, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe.<ref>[[Cabbage#Tannahill|Tannahill]], pp. 289–291</ref> Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Europe jikwa ya mee ihe iji gbochie scurvy n'oge ogologo njem ụgbọ mmiri n'oké osimiri. Malite n'oge mmalite nke oge a, a na-ebupụ cabbage na [[Amerikas|Amerịka]], [[Asia|Eshia]], na gburugburu ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/cabbage.pdf|title=Green Cabbage|author=Nolte, Kurt|publisher=University of Arizona|accessdate=2012-08-14|archivedate=2013-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020823/http://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/cabbage.pdf}}</ref> Enwere ike ịkwadebe ha n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche maka iri nri; enwere ike ịta ha, ịgba ha ọkụ (maka nri dịka sauerkraut), sie ha, sie ha, siri ha, sie ya, sie ya ụtọ, sie ya ọkụ, sie ya ike, sie ya n'ọkụ, ma ọ bụ rie ya na-esighị ike. Cabbage a na-esighi esi bu nke juputara na vitamin K, vitamin C, na eriri nri. Mmepụta ụwa nke cabbage na brassicas ndị ọzọ n'afọ 2020 bụ nde tọn ịrị asaa na otu, nke [[China]] duziri na pasent ịrị anọ na asatọ nke ngụkọta. == Nchịkọta == [[Usòrò:Chou_1.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chou_1.jpg/220px-Chou_1.jpg|thumb|Cabbage]] Ca''b''bage (''Brassica oleracea'' ma ọ bụ B. ''oleracea'' var. ''capitata'', var. ''tuba'', var. ''sabauda''<ref name="WI1">{{Cite web|url=http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/A3684.PDF|title=Growing broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and other cole crops in Wisconsin|publisher=University of Wisconsin|accessdate=2012-08-12|year=1997|author=Delahaut, K. A.}}</ref> ma ọ bụ var. acephala) bụ onye otu ''Brassica'' na ezinụlọ mustard, Brassicaceae.<ref name="USDA" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BROL|title=''Brassica oleracea'' L.&nbsp;– Cabbage|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|accessdate=2012-08-10|archivedate=2013-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502124018/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BROL}}</ref> Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ na-acha uhie uhie (nke a na-akpọ mg''b''e ụfọdụ cole crops) bụ ụdị nke B. ''oleracea'', gụnyere broccoli, collard greens, brussels sprouts, kohlrabi na broccoli na-eto eto.<ref name="WI1" /> Ihe ndị a niile sitere na ca''b''bage ọhịa B. oleracea var. ''oleraceae'', nke a na-akpọkwa [[Brassica oleracea|colewort]] ma ọ bụ cabbage ubi. Ụdị mbụ a gbanwere n'ime ọtụtụ puku afọ n'ime ndị a na-ahụ taa, dịka nhọrọ mere ka ụdị nwee njirimara dị iche iche, dị ka nnukwu isi maka cabbage, nnukwu akwụkwọ maka kale na nnukwu ogwe osisi nwere okooko osisi maka broccoli.<ref name="USDA">{{Cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=BROL&display=31|title=Classification for species ''Brassica oleracea'' L.|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|work=PLANTS database|accessdate=2012-08-10|archivedate=2020-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210022059/https://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=BROL&display=31}}</ref> A na-esite n'okwu Latin maka "inwe isi" nweta aha a na-akpọ ''capitata''.<ref name="Small 2009">{{Cite book|author=Small, Ernst|title=Top 100 Food Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyWY_YkV7qAC&pg=PA127|year=2009|publisher=NRC Research Press|isbn=978-0-660-19858-3}}</ref> A na-eji "Ca''b''bage" eme ihe na mbụ iji zoo aka n'ọtụtụ ụdị B. ''oleracea'', gụnyere ndị nwere isi na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ na-adịghị adị.<ref name="Texas"/> A na-akpọkarị ụdị yiri ya, ''Brassica rapa'', Chinese, napa ma ọ bụ celery cabbage, ma nwee ọtụtụ n'ime otu ihe ndị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vegetables from Amaranth to Zucchini: The Essential Reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWyWGlcmvO0C&pg=PA196|pages=195–196|author=Schneider, Elizabeth|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2001|isbn=978-0-688-15260-4}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke aha ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ọtụtụ ụdị na-enweghị njikọ. Ndị a gụnyere azụ cabbage ma ọ bụ osisi cabbage (nke so n'ụdị ''Andira'') na nkwụ cabbage, nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị nkwụ dịka ''Mauritia'', ''Roystonea oleracea'', ''Acrocomia'' na ''Euterpe oenocarpus''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygkoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT337|title=Winston's Cumulative Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Reference Book|author=Morris, Charles|publisher=J. C. Winston|year=1915}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_n82hsbDJBMC&pg=PA150|title=Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles|author=Winer, Lise|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7735-3406-3}}</ref> Aha ezinụlọ mbụ nke brassicas bụ ''Cruciferae'', nke sitere na ụdị okooko osisi nke ndị Europe oge ochie chere na ọ dị ka obe.<ref name="Katz279">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 279</ref> Okwu ''brassica'' sitere na bresic, okwu Celtic maka cabbage.<ref name="Texas"/> Ọtụtụ aha ndị Europe na ndị Eshia maka cabbage sitere na Celto-Slavic root cap ma ọ bụ ''kap'', nke pụtara "isi".<ref name="Sturtevant 1919">{{Cite book|author=Sturtevant, Edward Lewis|authorlink=Edward Lewis Sturtevant|title=Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants|year=1919|publisher=J.B.&nbsp;Lyon|pages=115, 117|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20118475|isbn=9780486204598}}</ref> Okwu Middle English nke oge ochie bụ ''cabbage'' sitere na okwu ''caboche'' ("isi"), site na olumba Picard nke Old French. Nke a n'aka nke ya bụ ụdị nke Old French ''caboce''.<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Word Histories|editor=Chantrell, Glynnis|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-863121-7|url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_x2z7/page/76}}</ref> Kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, a na-eji "cabbage" na ihe ndị sitere na ya mee ihe dị ka slang maka ọtụtụ ihe, ọrụ na ọrụ. A kọwaala ego na ụtaba site na slang "cabbage", ebe "cabbage-head" pụtara onye nzuzu ebe "cabbaged" pụtara ike ọgwụgwụ ma ọ bụ, n'ụzọ mkparị, n'ọnọdụ ahịhịa.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&pg=PA230|pages=230–231|title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company|year=2006|isbn=978-0-304-36636-1|author=Green, Jonathon}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Usòrò:Brassica_oleracea_Helgoland1.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brassica_oleracea_Helgoland1.jpg/170px-Brassica_oleracea_Helgoland1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mkpụrụ osisi cabbage, nke na-apụta n'afọ nke abụọ nke uto osisi ahụ, na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ odo odo, nke ọ bụla nwere petals anọ a haziri n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ.]] Mkpụrụ osisi cabbage nwere mgbọrọgwụ dị nro na cordate (obi-dị ka) cotyledons. Akwụkwọ mbụ a na-emepụta bụ ovate (dị ka àkwá) na petiole lobed. Osisi dị 40 cm (16 - 24 in) n'ogologo n'afọ mbụ ha ha -eto eto, na 1.5 - 2.0 m (4ft 11in - 6ft 7in) n'ogologo mgbe ha na-agbasa okooko n'afọ nke abụọ.<ref name="Dixon p19">[[Cabbage#Dixon|Dixon]], p. 19</ref> Isi dị n'etiti 0.5 na 4 kilogram (1 na 8 lb), na-eto ngwa ngwa, ụdị na-eto n'oge na-emepụta obere isi.<ref name="UI"/> Ọtụtụ cabbages nwere akwụkwọ dị arọ, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na akụkụ nke sitere na wavy ma ọ bụ lobed ruo na dissected; ụfọdụ ụdị nwere okooko osisi waxy na akwụkwọ. Osisi nwere usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke na-adịghị omimi na nke na-enweghị isi.<ref name="Katz279">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 279</ref> Ihe dị ka pasent itoolu nke mgbọrọgwụ dị n'elu ala 20 - 30 cm (8 - 12 in); ụfọdụ mgbọrọgwụ ndị dị n'akụkụ nwere ike ịbanye ruo 2 m (6ft 7in) omimi.<ref name="Dixon p19" /> Inflorescence bụ raceme na-enweghị alaka nke a na-amaghị ama nke na-atụle 50 - 100 cm (20 - 40 in) ogologo, na okooko osisi ndị na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ ọcha.<ref name="Dixon p19">[[Cabbage#Dixon|Dixon]], p. 19</ref> Okooko osisi ọ bụla nwere petals anọ setịpụrụ n'usoro kwụ ọtọ, yana sepals anọ, stamens isii, na ovary dị elu nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ abụọ ma nwee otu stigma na ụdị. Abụọ n'ime mkpụrụ osisi isii ahụ nwere eriri dị mkpirikpi. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ silique nke na-emeghe mgbe ọ tozuru site na dehiscence iji kpughee mkpụrụ na-acha nchara nchara ma ọ bụ oji nke dị obere ma gbaa gburugburu. Mkpụrụ osisi n'onwe ya agaghị ekwe omume, ụmụ ahụhụ na-agwakọta osisi.<ref name="Katz279">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 279</ref> Akwụkwọ mbụ na-emepụta ọdịdị rosette nke nwere akwụkwọ asaa ruo akwụkwọ ịrị na ise nke ọ bụla atụle 25 - 35 cm (10 - 14 in) site na 20 - 30 cm (8 - 12 in); mgbe nke a gasịrị, akwụkwọ ndị nwere pecioles dị mkpirikpi na-etolite ma na-emepụta isi site na akwụkwọ ndị na-abanye n'ime.<ref name="Dixon p19" /><ref name="WI1"/> A na-ahụ ọtụtụ ọdịdị, ụcha na ọdịdị akwụkwọ n'ụdị dị iche iche a na-akụkọ. A na-ekewa ụdị akwụkwọ n'ozuzu ya n'etiti akwụkwọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, isi na-enweghị isi na isi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ebe ụcha na-agụnye ọcha na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndu na anụnụ anụnụ. A na-ahụ ọdịdị oblate, gburugburu na nke dị nkọ.<ref name="Katz280">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 280</ref> A zụlitere cabbage maka ịdị arọ nke isi na njirimara ọdịdị, ike oyi, uto ngwa ngwa na ikike nchekwa. A na-enye ọdịdị nke isi cabbage mkpa na ịzụlite ahọpụtara, na-ahọrọ ụdị dị iche iche maka ọdịdị, agba, nkwụsi ike na njirimara anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ.<ref>[[Cabbage#Ordas|Ordas and Cartea]], p. 128</ref> Ebumnuche ịzụlite ugbu a na-elekwasị anya n'ịbawanye iguzogide ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa dị iche iche na imeziwanye ihe na-edozi ahụ nke cabbage.<ref>[[Cabbage#Ordas|Ordas and Cartea]], p. 135</ref> Nnyocha sayensị ''b''anyere mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ihe ọkụkụ B. ''oleracea'', gụnyere cabbage, gụnyere nchọpụta European Union na United States nke nnukwu ụmụ ahụhụ na herbicide resistance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/database/plants/46.cabbage.html|title=Cabbage|publisher=GMO Compass|work=GMO Food Database|accessdate=2013-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018021027/http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/database/plants/46.cabbage.html|archivedate=2013-10-18}}</ref> E nwere ọtụtụ ndebanye ''Guinness Book of World Records'' metụtara cabbage. Ndị a gụnyere cabbage kachasị arọ, nke ịdị arọ di 62.7 kg (138 oz), cabbage na-acha ọbara ọbara kachasị arọ nke di 31.6 kg (69 lb 11 oz), mpịakọta cabbage kachasị ogologo, na 19.54 m (64ft 1½in), efere nri cabbage kachasị ukwuu, na 2,960 kg (6,526 lb).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/1000/heaviest-cabbage|title=Heaviest cabbage|publisher=Guinness World Records|accessdate=2021-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/11000/heaviest-red-cabbage|title=Heaviest red cabbage|publisher=Guinness World Records|accessdate=2021-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/5000/longest-cabbage-roll|title=Longest cabbage roll|publisher=Guinness World Records|accessdate=2021-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/5000/largest-cabbage-dish|title=Largest cabbage dish|publisher=Guinness World Records|accessdate=2021-04-06}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ọ bụ ezie na cabbage nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme sara mbara, ọ na-esiri ike ịchọpụta kpọmkwem mmalite ya n'ihi ọtụtụ ụdị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ a na-akpọ "brassicas".<ref>A brief historical sketch is in [[Cabbage#Toussaint-Samat|Toussaint-Samat]], pp. 622ff.</ref><ref name="Ingram"/> Otu nna ochie nke cabbage, ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'', nke a chọtara na Britain na kọntinent Europe, na-anabata nnu ma ọ bụghị mmegide nke osisi ndị ọzọ ma n'ihi ya na-ebi na nkume nkume n'ebe dị jụụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-ejigide mmiri na ihe oriri na akwụkwọ ya dị ntakịrị, turgid.<ref>[[Cabbage#Dixon|Dixon]], p. 2</ref> Otú ọ dị, nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwekọrọ na mmalite anụ ọhịa nke ndị a, sitere na osisi ndị gbapụrụ n'ọhịa na ubi.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10722-020-00945-0|title=Survey and genetic diversity of wild ''Brassica oleracea'' L. Germplasm on the Atlantic coast of France|year=2020|author=Maggioni|first=Lorenzo|journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution|volume=67|issue=7|pages=1853–1866}}</ref> Dika ọ dị na triangle of U theory nke evolushọn na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị Brassica, B. oleracea na akwụkwọ nri kale ndị ọzọ nwere njikọ chiri anya (cabbages, kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, na cauliflower) na-anọchite anya otu n'ime usoro nna nna atọ nke ''brassicas'' ndị ọzọ niile sitere na ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chen, S.|title=Trigenomic bridges for ''Brassica'' improvement|journal=Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences|year=2011|volume=30|issue=6|pages=524–547|doi=10.1080/07352689.2011.615700}}</ref> A malitere izụlite cabbage n'ụlọ mgbe e mesịrị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme karịa ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị nso n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka lentils na ọka wit n'oge ọkọchị. N'ihi ihe ọkụkụ dịgasị iche iche sitere na ọhịa ''B''. ''oleracea'', ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ kọbọd nwere ike ime na Europe dum. O yikarịrị ka cabbages na kale ndị na-enweghị isi bụ ndị mbụ a zụlitere, tupu afọ 1000 BC, ikekwe site n'aka ndị Celts nke etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe, ọ bụ ezie na ihe akaebe asụsụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-eme ka mmalite Mediterenian nke brassicas a zụlite.<ref name="Katz284">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 284</ref><ref name="Texas">{{Cite web|url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/publications/vegetabletravelers/cabbage.html|title=Of Cabbages and Celts|accessdate=2013-10-19|publisher=Texas A&M University|work=Aggie Horticulture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maggioni|first=Lorenzo|date=2015|title=Domestication of ''Brassica oleracea'' L.|url=https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/12424/1/maggioni_l_150720.pdf|journal=Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae|volume=Doctoral Thesis no. 2015:74}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na brassicas a na-amaghị aha ha bụ akụkụ nke ogige ndị Mesopotamian na-agbanwe agbanwe, e nwere nkwenye na ndị Ijipt oge ochie anaghị akọ cabbage, nke na-adịghi na ndagwurugwu Naịl, ọ bụ ezie na a kọwara okwu ''shaw't'' na Papyrus Harris nke oge Ramesses nke Atọ dị ka "caw".<ref>"Cabbage plants" are mentioned in Oppenheim, A. Leo (1977) ''Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 313.</ref><ref name="encyclopedia">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Cultivated Plants: From ''Acacia'' to ''Zinnia''|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofcu0002unse_i9m7|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2013|isbn=978-1-59884-775-8}}</ref><ref name="Janick">[[Cabbage#Janick|Janick]], p. 51</ref> Ndị [[Greece|Gris]] oge ochie nwere ụdị ụfọdụ nke chou, dị ka Theophrastus kwuru, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ma ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na chou nke taa ma ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ ''Brassica'' ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Katz284">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 284</ref> Ndị Gris maara ụdị cabbage nwere isi dị ka ''krambe'' na ndị Rom dị ka ''brassica'' ma ọ bụ olus; a maara ụdị cabley na-emeghe, nke nwere akwụkwọ (kale) na Grik dị ka ''raphanos'' na Latin dị ka ''caulis''.<ref name="Dalby">{{Cite book|author=Dalby, Andrew|title=Food in the Ancient World from A to Z|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-135-95422-2}}</ref><ref name="Dalby" /> Ndị Ptolemaic Ijipt maara ihe ọkụkụ cole dị ka ahịhịa, n'okpuru mmetụta nke Greek ''krambe'', nke bụ osisi a maara nke ọma na ndị Masedonia nke Ptolemies.<ref name="Janick" /> Ka ọ na-erule oge ndị Rom, ndị omenkà na ụmụaka ndị Ijipt na-eri cabbage na turnips n'etiti ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri na pulses ndị ọzọ.<ref>''Selected Papyri'' I, 186, noted in Alan K. Bowman, ''Egypt After the Pharaohs'', p 151.</ref> Chrysippus nke Cnidos dere edemede banyere cabbage, nke Pliny maara, mana ọ dịbeghị.<ref>[[Pliny's Natural History]], 20. 78-83.</ref> Ndị Gris kwenyesiri ike na cabbages na mkpụrụ osisi vaịn bụ ndị iro, nakwa na cabbage a kụrụ n'akụkụ osisi vaịn ga-enye mkpụrụ vaịn ahụ ísì ọjọọ; mmetụta Mediterenian a nke enweghị mmasị na-adịgide taa.<ref>[[Cabbage#Toussaint-Samat|Toussaint-Samat]], p. 622.</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị Rom weere ''Brassica'' dị ka ihe okomoko na tebụl nri, ọ bụ ezie na Lucullus hutara ya dị ka ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka tebụl ndị omeiwu.<ref name="Pompeii">{{Cite book|title=The Natural History of Pompeii|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-521-80054-9}}</ref><ref>[[Cabbage#Toussaint-Samat|Toussaint-Samat]], p. 623.</ref> Cato the Elder, onye na-agbaso ọdịnala, na-akwado ndụ Republican dị mfe, riri cabbage ma mgbe esiri ya esi ma mgbe a na-esighị ya esi ma jiri vinegar kpuchie ya; o kwuru na ọ karịrị akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ niile, ma jiri nkwenye mee ka ụdị atọ dị iche iche; o nyekwara ntụziaka maka iji ya mee ihe na ọgwụ, nke gbatịrị na mamịrị onye na-eri chow, nke a ga-asa ụmụ ọhụrụ.<ref>Cato, ''De agricultura'', CLVI, CLVII; the passages are paraphrased by Pliny the Elder.</ref> Pliny the Elder depụtara ụdị asaa, nke gụnyere Pompeii cabbage, Cumae cabbage na Sabellian cabbage.<ref name="encyclopedia"/> Dị ka Pliny si kwuo, cabbage Pompeii, nke na-enweghị ike iguzogide oyi, bụ "ogologo, ma nwee nnukwu ngwaahịa n'akụkụ mgbọrọgwụ, mana ọ na-eto n'etiti akwụkwọ, ndị a dị obere ma dị warara, mana ịdị nro ha bụ àgwà bara uru".<ref name="Pompeii"/> Columella kwukwara banyere cabbage Pompeii na De Re Rustica .<ref name="Pompeii" /> Apicius na-enye ọtụtụ ntụziaka maka ''cauliculi'', mkpụrụ osisi cabbage dị nro. Ndị Gris na ndị Rom kwuru na a na-eji cabbage dị iche iche eme ọgwụ ha nke gụnyere enyemaka site na gout, isi ọwụwa na mgbaàmà nke iri mushroom na-egbu egbu.<ref name="UCD">{{Cite web|url=http://aic.ucdavis.edu/profiles/Cabbage_2006.pdf|publisher=University of California – Davis|accessdate=2012-08-21|title=Commodity Profile: Cabbage|author=Boriss, Hayley|date=February 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207142003/http://aic.ucdavis.edu/profiles/Cabbage_2006.pdf|archivedate=2012-12-07}}</ref> Enweghị mmasị n'ebe osisi vaịn ahụ nọ mere ka o yie ka iri chou ga-enyere mmadụ aka izere ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè.<ref>[[Cabbage#Toussaint-Samat|Toussaint-Samat]], p. 622.</ref> Cabbage gara n'ihu na-apụta na materia medica nke oge ochie yana na tebụl: na narị afọ mbụ AD Dioscorides kwuru ụdị abụọ nke coleworts nwere ọgwụgwọ, nke a zụlitere na nke ọhịa, a nọgidekwara na-akọwa echiche ya na ahịhịa ruo na narị afọ nke iri na asaa.<ref name="Sturtevant 1919"/> Na ngwụcha nke Antiquity, a kpọtụrụ cabbage aha na ''De observatione ciborum'' ("On the Observance of Foods") site n'aka Anthimus, onye dọkịta Gris n'ụlọ ikpe nke Theodoric Onye Ukwu. Cabbage pụtara n'etiti akwụkwọ nri a na-akụ na ''Capitulare de villis'', nke e dere n'agbata afọ 771−800 AD, nke duziri ọchịchị nke ala eze Charlemagne. Na Britain, ndị Anglo-Saxon na-akụ ''cawel''.<ref>Bosworth, Joseph. ed. ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'', ''s.v.'' "cawel" gives parallels: Scottish ''kail, kale''; Frisian ''koal, koel''; Dutch ''kool'' (fem.); German ''kohl'' (masc.), etc. but also Welsh ''cawl''; Cornish ''caul'' (masc.); etc. Compare Latin ''caulis''.</ref> Mgbe cabbages nwere isi gburugburu pụtara na senchiri nke iri na anọ na England, a na-akpọ ha cabaches na ''caboches'', okwu ndị sitere na asụsụ French ochie ma tinye ya na mbụ iji rutu aka na bọl nke akwụkwọ ndị a na-emegheghị, usoro nri nke oge a nke na-amalite "Were cabbages na nkeji iri na ise, ma tinye ha n'ime ezigbo broth", na-atụkwa aro cabbage nwere isi siri ike.<ref>''[[OED]]'': "cabbage".</ref> [[Usòrò:Tacuinum_Sanitatis-cabbage_harvest.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tacuinum_Sanitatis-cabbage_harvest.jpg/220px-Tacuinum_Sanitatis-cabbage_harvest.jpg|thumb|Owuwe ihe ubi, ''Tacuinum Sanitatis'', senchiri nke irí na ise.]] Ihe odide na-egosi ịdị mkpa nke cabbage na nri nke High Middle Ages, na mkpụrụ cabbage so na ndepụta mkpụrụ nke ịzụta maka iji Eze John nke Abụọ nke [[France]] mee ihe mgbe a dọọrọ ya n'agha n'England na 1360, mana cabbages bụkwa ihe a ma ama nke ndị ogbenye: n'afọ 1420 "Bourgeois nke Paris" kwuru na "ndị ogbenye anaghị eri achịcha, ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ turnips na efere dị otú ahụ, na-enweghị achịcha ma ọ bụ nnu ọ bụla".<ref name="Ingram"/><ref> {{Cite web|url=https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/carlin/www/parisjournal1.html|title=Extracts from ''A Parisian Journal, 1405-1449'', translated by Janet Shirley from the anonymous ''Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968).|accessdate=2014-02-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222204356/https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/carlin/www/parisjournal1.html|archivedate=2014-02-22}} </ref> Onye France na-ahụ maka ihe okike Jean Ruel mere ihe a na-ewere dị ka nke mbụ a kpọtụrụ isi cabbage aha n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1536 De Natura Stirpium, na-arutu aka na ya dị ka ''capucos coles'' ("isi-coles").<ref name="Wright2001">{{Cite book|author=Wright, Clifford A.|title=Mediterranean Vegetables: A Cook's ABC of Vegetables and Their Preparation in Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa with More Than 200 Authentic Recipes for the Home Cook|year=2001|publisher=Harvard Common Press|isbn=978-1-55832-196-0|pages=77–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tka838efZvkC&pg=PA77}}</ref> Na Istanbul, Sultan Selim nke Atọ dere abụ na-achị ọchị maka cabbage: na-enweghị cabbage, oriri halva ezughị ezu. Na India, cabbage bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ akwụkwọ nri nke ndị na-azụ ahịa si [[Portugal]], bụ ndị guzobere ụzọ azụmaahịa site na senchiri nke irí na anọ ruo senchiri nke irí na asaa.<ref name="Dabholkar 2006">{{Cite book|author=Dabholkar, A. R.|title=General Plant Breeding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxooQMXeYhcC&pg=PA135|year=2006|publisher=Concept Publishing|isbn=978-81-8069-242-0}}</ref> Carl Peter Thunberg kọrọ na amabeghị chou na [[Japan]] na 1775.<ref name="Sturtevant 1919"/> E webatara ọtụtụ ụdị cabbage nke gụnyere ụfọdụ ka na-eto eto na [[Jémanị|Germany]], France, nakwa Low Countries.<ref name="Texas"/> N'ime narị afọ nke iri na isii, ndị na-elekọta ubi na Germany mepụtara cabbage savoy.<ref name="Sydney">{{Cite web|url=http://www.freshforkids.com.au/veg_pages/cabbage/cabbage.html|title=Cabbage|publisher=Sydney Markets, Ltd|accessdate=2012-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808031331/http://www.freshforkids.com.au/veg_pages/cabbage/cabbage.html|archivedate=2012-08-08}}</ref> N'ime narị afọ nke iri na asaa na nke iri na asatọ, cabbage bụ ihe oriri na mba ndị dị ka Germany, England, Ireland na Russia, a na-erikwa cabbage pickled ugboro ugboro.<ref>[[Cabbage#Tannahill|Tannahill]], pp. 289–291</ref> Ndị Dutch, Scandinavia na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri German jiri Sauerkraut mee ihe iji gbochie scurvy n'oge ogologo njem ụgbọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/cabbage.pdf|title=Green Cabbage|author=Nolte, Kurt|publisher=University of Arizona|accessdate=2012-08-14|archivedate=2013-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020823/http://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/cabbage.pdf}}</ref> Jacques Cartier bu ụzọ weta cabbage na Amerịka n'afọ 1541, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ ndị England na-achị ala mbụ kụrụ ya, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe edere ede banyere ịdị adị ya ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na asaa. Ka ọ na-erule na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ndị na-achị ala na ndị American Indian na-akụkarị ya.<ref name="Texas"/> Mkpụrụ cabbage gara [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na 1788 na First Fleet, a kụrụ ya n'otu afọ ahụ na Norfolk Island. Ọ ghọrọ akwụkwọ nri kachasị amasị ndị Australia site n'afọ ndị 1830s ma na-ahụkarị na Sydney Markets.<ref name="Sydney"/> Ahịa ọdịnala na nke ochie, n'okporo ámá, nke na-emeghe: Zelný trh (ahịa Cabbage) na Brno, Moravia, Czech Republic ka a na-akpọ naanị cabbage kemgbe afọ 1325 (afọ narị asaa). == Ịkọ ugbo == [[Usòrò:Dojranski_zelki.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Dojranski_zelki.jpg/220px-Dojranski_zelki.jpg|thumb|Ubi cabbage]] A na-akụkarị cabbage maka isi ya nwere akwụkwọ ndụ, nke a na-emepụta n'afọ mbụ nke okirikiri ya. Osisi na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe a na-etolite ya n'ala na-adọba mmiri nke ọma n'ebe anwụ na-achasi ike. Ụdị dị iche iche na-ahọrọ ụdị ala dị iche iche, site na ájá dị mfe ruo ụrọ dị arọ, mana ha niile na-ahụrụ ala na-eme nri nke pH dị n'etiti 6.0 na 6.8.<ref name="Brad56">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 56–57</ref> Maka uto kachasị mma, a ga-enwerịrị ogo nitrogen zuru oke n'ime ala, ọkachasị n'oge mmalite nke isi, na phosphorus na potassium zuru oke n"oge mmalite nke mgbasa nke akwụkwọ mpụga.<ref name="Wien and Wurr 533">[[Cabbage#Wurr|Wien and Wurr]], p. 533</ref> Ọnọdụ ntụoyi dị n'etiti 4 na 24 °C (39 na 75°F) na-akpali uto kachasị mma, na ogologo oge nke okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala nwere ike ịkpata nkwụsịtụ (flowing).<ref name="Brad56">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 56–57</ref> Okooko osisi nke oge okpomọkụ dị ala na-akpata (usoro a na-akpọ vernalization) na-eme naanị ma ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ agafeela oge nwata. Mgbanwe site na nwata gaa nke okenye na-eme mgbe obosara ogwe osisi dị ihe dị ka 6mm (1⁄4 in). Vernalization na-enye ohere ka osisi ahụ too ruo n'ókè zuru oke tupu ọ gbasaa. N'ọnọdụ ihu igwe ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịkụ cabbage na mmalite oge oyi ma dịrị ndụ ruo mgbe oge okpomọkụ ga-emecha n'ebughị ya okooko osisi, omume a na-emekarị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ US.<ref>[[Cabbage#Wurr|Wien and Wurr]], pp. 512–515</ref> [[Usòrò:Cabbages_Green_and_Purple_2120px.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cabbages_Green_and_Purple_2120px.jpg/170px-Cabbages_Green_and_Purple_2120px.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cabbages na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-acha odo odo]] A na-amalite osisi n'ebe echedoro na mbido oge uto tupu a kụọ ha n'èzí, ọ bụ ezie na a na-akụ ụfọdụ n'ime ala ebe a ga-ewepụta ha.<ref name="UI"/> Mkpụrụ osisi na-apụta n'ihe dị ka ụbọchị anọ ruo ụbọchị isii site na mkpụrụ osisi a kụrụ 13 mm (1⁄2 in) miri na okpomọkụ ala n'etiti 20 - 30 °C (68 na 86 ).<ref>[[Cabbage#Maynard|Maynard and Hochmuth]], p. 111</ref> Ndị na-akọ cabbage na-etinye ndịịche dị n'etiti 30 ruo 61 cm (12 ruo 24 in) n'etiti osisi cabbage ọ bụla.<ref name="UI" /> Ogologo oge dị nso na-ebelata ihe onwunwe dị na osisi ọ bụla (karịsịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ìhè) ma na-amụba oge ọ na-ewe iji ruo ntozu okè.<ref>[[Cabbage#Wurr|Wien and Wurr]], p. 534</ref> E mepụtara ụdị ụfọdụ nke cabbage maka iji ya mee ihe ịchọ mma; a na-akpọkarị ha "cableflowering". Ha anaghị emepụta isi ma nwee akwụkwọ mpụga na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbara obere akwụkwọ dị n'ime na-acha ọcha, na-acha ọbara ọbara, ma ọ bụ na-acha pinki.<ref name="UI">{{Cite web|url=http://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/cabbage.cfm|title=Cabbage|publisher=University of Illinois Extension|accessdate=2012-08-10}}</ref> Ụdị cabbage mbụ na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị ịrị asaa site na ọkụkọ ya ruo ntozu okè, ebe ụdị cabbage na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị otú narị na iri abụo.<ref>[[Cabbage#Maynard|Maynard and Hochmuth]], p. 415</ref> Cabbages na-etolite mgbe ha siri ike na aka. A na-ewepụta ha site na iji mma bepụ ahịhịa dị n'okpuru akwụkwọ ala. A na-edozi akwụkwọ ndị dị n'èzí, a na-ewepụkwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla na-arịa ọrịa, mebiri emebi, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ọkpụkpụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Thompson, A. Keith|title=Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage|url=https://archive.org/details/fruitvegetablesh0000thom|year=2003|edition=2nd|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=978-1-4051-0619-1}}</ref> Oge igbu oge n'iwe ihe ubi nwere ike ime ka isi kewaa n'ihi mgbasawanye nke akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ime na uto na-aga n'ihu.<ref>[[Cabbage#Wurr|Wien and Wurr]], p. 524</ref> Mg''b''e a na-akụ ya maka mkpụrụ, a ga-ekewapụ cabbages site na ụdị B. ''oleracea'' ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ụdị ọhịa, site na 0.8 ruo 1.6 km (½ to 1 mi ) iji gbochie mmetụta nke ụdị abụọ dị iche. Ụdị ''Brassica'' ndị ọzọ, dị ka ''B''. ''rapa'', ''B''. ''juncea'', ''B''. ''nigra'', B. ''napus'' na ''Raphanus sativus'', anaghị agafe ngwa ngwa.<ref>[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 282</ref> === Osisi ndị a na-akụ === [[Usòrò:Cabbage.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cabbage.jpg/220px-Cabbage.jpg|thumb|Cabbage ọcha]] E nwere ọtụtụ ụdịdị cabbage, nke ọ bụla gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị: * A na-eji akwụkwọ ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-egbuke egbuke mara ya, ụtọ dị nro na ọdịdị dị nro<ref name="Ingram">{{Cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cooksguidetovege0000ingr/page/64 64]–66|title=The Cook's Guide to Vegetables|url=https://archive.org/details/cooksguidetovege0000ingr|author=Ingram, Christine|publisher=Hermes House|year=2000|isbn=978-1-84038-842-8}}</ref> * Osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (Brassica oleracea) - Isi dị nro, a na-ebakarị ya ma na-esi ya na mmiri<ref name="Ingram" /> * Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, isi dịtụ elu.<ref name="Ingram" /> * Akwụkwọ na-acha uhie uhie, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ isi nri<ref name="Ingram" /> * Ọcha, nke a na-akpọkwa Dutch - larii, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ<ref name="Ingram" /> Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ odide na-akọwa naanị ụdị atọ: savoy, nke na-acha uhie uhie, nke na-acha ọcha na nke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Nke a na-abanye n'okpuru nke ikpeazụ.<ref>[[Cabbage#Ordas|Ordas and Cartea]], p. 124</ref> === Nsogbu ịkọ ugbo === N'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, cabbage nwere nsogbu na-edochi ahụ, gụnyere boron, calcium, phosphorus na potassium.<ref name="Brad56">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 56–57</ref> E nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike nke nwere ike imetụta ọdịdị nke cabbage mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị. Ọkụ dị n'ime na-eme mgbe akụkụ nke akwụkwọ dị n'etiti na-acha nchara nchara, mana akwụkwọ ndị dị n'èzí na-ele anya dị ka ihe dị mma. Necrotic spot bụ ebe e nwere oghere oghere dị n'ime ala nke dị milimita ole na ole gafee nke a na-agbakọta gburugburu etiti. Na ntụpọ ose, obere ntụpọ ojii na-apụta n'ebe dị n'etiti akwara, nke nwere ike ịbawanye n'oge nchekwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nonpathogenic Disorders of Cabbage|url=http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Crucifers_Nonpathogenic.htm|author=Becker, Robert F.|publisher=Cornell University: Department of Plant Pathology|work=Vegetable MD Online|accessdate=2013-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203220711/http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Crucifers_Nonpathogenic.htm|archive-date=2020-02-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọrịa fungus gụnyere wirestem, nke na-akpata transplantation na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ na-anwụ anwụ; <nowiki><i id="mwAj4">Fusarium</i></nowiki> yellows, nke na na-akpatara osisi ndị nwere akwụkwọ odo odo na ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ; na blackleg (lee ''Leptosphaeria maculans''), nke na-eduga n'ebe ndị na-ada n'osisi na akwụkwọ ndị na-acha nchara nchara.<ref name="Brad57">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 57–59</ref> Fungi ''Alternaria brassicae'' na A. ''brassicicola'' na-akpata ntụpọ akwụkwọ ojii na osisi ndị metụtara. Ha na-ebute mkpụrụ na ikuku, ma na-agbasa site na spores na ihe mkpofu osisi na-arịa ọrịa nke a na-ahapu n'elu ala ruo izu iri na abụọ mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị. ''Rhizoctonia solani'' na-akpata ọrịa wirestem, na-akpatara ụmụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ ("damping-off"), mgbọrọgwụ ire ure ma ọ bụ uto na-adịghị mma na obere isi.<ref name="Keinath2007">{{Cite book|author=Keinath, Anthony P.|chapter=Cabbage diseases: Ecology and control|title=Encyclopedia of Pest Management|year=2007|editor=Pimentel, David|publisher=CRC Press|pages=56–59|isbn=978-1-4200-5361-6}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Groene_savooiekool_schade_van_kooluil_(Mamestra_brassicae_damage).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Groene_savooiekool_schade_van_kooluil_%28Mamestra_brassicae_damage%29.jpg/220px-Groene_savooiekool_schade_van_kooluil_%28Mamestra_brassicae_damage%29.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Mgbukpọ ụgbala na-emebi cabbage ]] Otu n'ime ọrịa nje bacteria kachasị emetụta cabbage bụ ntụpọ ojii (black rot), nke ''Xanthomonas campestris'' kpatara, nke na-akpata mmerụ ahụ chlorotic na necrotic nke na-amalite na mpụga akwụkwọ, na ịta nke osisi. Clubroot, nke ihe dị n'ala na-adị ka ''Plasmodiophora brassicae'', na-akpata mgbọrọgwụ na-afụli elu, nke yiri klọb. Downy mildew, ọrịa parasitic nke oomycete ''Peronospora parasitica'' kpatara, na-emepụta akwụkwọ na-acha ọcha, na-acha nchara nchara ma ọ bụ olive mildew na ala akwụkwọ ya; a na-ejikarị ya na ọrịa fungal powdery mildew.<ref name="Keinath2007"/><ref name="Brad57">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 57–59</ref> Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na-agụnye nematodes na ụgbala cabbage, nke na-emepụta osisi ndị na-acha odo odo na ndị na-adịghị mma; aphids, nke na'akpali osisi ndị na'acha odo odo; harlequin cabbage bugs, nke na na-akpata akwụkwọ ọcha na odo; thrips, nke na - na-eduga na akwụkwọ nwere ntụpọ na-acha ọcha; flea beetles, nke na obere oghere na-eme ka akwụkwọ nwee nnukwu oghere dị n'ime akwụkwọ.<ref name="Brad57">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 57–59</ref> Ọnọdụ caterpillar nke "obere urukurubụba na-acha ọcha" (''Pieris rapae''), nke a maara na United States dị ka "ogwu cabbage si mba ọzọ", bụ nnukwu ihe na-egbu egbu na ọtụtụ mba.<ref name="Finch2007">{{Cite book|author=Finch, Stan|chapter=Cruciferous root crop insects: Ecology and control|title=Encyclopedia of Pest Management|year=2007|editor=Pimentel, David|publisher=CRC Press|pages=131–134|isbn=978-1-4200-5361-6}}</ref> Nnukwu urukurubụba na-acha ọcha (''Pieris brassicae'') jupụtara na mba ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe. Mkpụrụ osisi diamondback (''Plutella xylostella'') na ụgbala cabbage (''Mamestra brassicae'') na-eto eto na okpomọkụ dị elu nke kọntinent Europe, ebe ha na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ cabbage.<ref name="Finch2007" /> Cable looper (''Trichoplusia ni'') bụ ihe a ma ama na North America maka agụụ ya na maka ịmepụta frass nke na-emetọ osisi.<ref>Turini TA, Daugovish O, Koike ST, Natwick ET, Ploeg A, Dara SK, Fennimore SA, Joseph S, LeStrange M, Smith R, Subbarao KV, Westerdahl BB. Revised continuously. ''UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines Cole Crops.'' UC ANR Publication 3442. Oakland, CA.</ref> Na India, nla diamondback emeela ka ihe ruru pasent ịrị itoolu funahụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-agwọghị ọgwụ ahụhụ.<ref>[[Cabbage#Janick|Janick]], p. 195</ref> Ụmụ ahụhụ ndị na-ebibi ala gụnyere mgbọrọgwụ cabbage (''Delia radicum'') na ụgbala cabbage (''Hylemya brassicae''), nke igurube ya nwere ike igwu ala n'ime akụkụ nke osisi ndị mmadụ riri.<ref name="Finch2007" /> Ịkụ osisi n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ so n'ezinụlọ cabbage, ma ọ bụ ebe etinyere osisi ndị a n'afọ ndị gara aga, nwere ike ịkpali mgbasa nke nje na ọrịa.<ref name="Brad56">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 56–57</ref> Mmiri gabigara ókè na okpomọkụ gabigara oke nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ọrụ ugbo.<ref name="Brad57">[[Cabbage#Bradley|Bradley et al.]], pp. 57–59</ref> Ihe ndị na-enye aka belata ibu isi gụnyere: uto n'ala a na-ejikọta ọnụ nke sitere na ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo, ụkọ mmiri, mmiri, ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa, na onyinyo na nrụgide nri nke ahịhịa kpatara.<ref name="Wien and Wurr 533">[[Cabbage#Wurr|Wien and Wurr]], p. 533</ref> == Mmepụta == {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:18em; text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" |Mmepụta cabbage 2020 |- ! style="background:#ddf;" |Mba ! style="background:#ddf;" |<small>Mmepụta (ọtụtụ nde tọn)<br /><br /><br /><br /></small> |- | China |33.8 |- | India |9.2 |- | Russia |2.6 |- | South Korea |2.6 |- | Ukraine |1.8 |- |'''Ụwa''' |'''70.9''' |- | colspan="2" |<small>Ebe e si nweta ya: FAOSTAT nke United Nations<ref name="faostat">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title=Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists), Cabbages and other brassicas, 2020|date=2022|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|accessdate=20 January 2022}}</ref></small> |} N'afọ 2020, mmepụta ụwa nke cabbages (gwakọta ya na brassicas ndị ọzọ) bụ nde tọn ịrị asaa na otu, nke China duziri. Ha nwetara pasent ịrị anọ na asatọ nke ngụkọta ụwa (tebụl). Ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe bụ India, Russia, na South Korea.<ref name="faostat"/> == Ojiji e ji esi nri == {{nutritionalvalue | name=Cabbage, raw | kJ=103 | protein=1.28 g | fat=0.1 g | carbs=5.8 g | fiber=2.5 g | sugars=3.2 g | calcium_mg=40 | iron_mg=0.47 | magnesium_mg=12 | phosphorus_mg=26 | potassium_mg=170 | sodium_mg=18 | zinc_mg=0.18 | manganese_mg=0.16 | opt1n=[[Fluoride]] | opt1v= 1 µg | vitC_mg=36.6 | thiamin_mg=0.061 | riboflavin_mg=0.040 | niacin_mg=0.234 | pantothenic_mg=0.212 | vitB6_mg=0.124 | folate_ug=43 | vitK_ug=76 | water=92 g | source_usda=1 | note=[https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169975/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry] }} === Ahịa mpaghara na nchekwa === Cabbages a na-ere maka ahịa na-adịkarị obere, a na-ejikwa ụdị dị iche iche maka ndị a na-erekere ozugbo owuwe ihe ubi na ndị echekwara tupu ire ere. Ndị a na-eji eme ihe, ọkachasị sauerkraut, buru ibu ma nwee pasent dị ala nke mmiri.<ref name="Katz280">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 280</ref> A na-eji ma aka na igwe na-ewe ihe ubi, a na-ejikarị aka na-ewepụta ihe maka cabbages maka ahịa ahịa. N'ọrụ azụmahịa, a na-edozi cabbages e ji aka mee, hazie, ma tinye ha kpọmkwem n'ọhịa iji mee ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma.<ref>[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 285</ref> Mmiri na-eme ka akwụkwọ nri ahụ jụọ oyi ngwa ngwa, na-enye ohere maka mbupu mbu na ngwaahịa dị ọhụrụ. Enwere ike ichekwa cabbage ogologo oge na -1 ruo 2 °C (30 ruo 36°F) na iru mmiri nke pasent ịrị itoolu; ọnọdụ nchekwa ndị a ga-eme ka cabbage ruo ọnwa isii n'emebighi emebi. Mgbe echekwara ya n'ọnọdụ na-adịchaghị mma, cabbage ka nwere ike ịdịru ọnwa anọ.<ref>[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 285</ref> === Oriri === Nri cabbage dịgasị iche iche gburugburu ụwa: Russia nwere ihe kachasị elu kwa afọ na 20 kg (44 lb), Belgium sochiri ya n'inweta 4.7 kg (10 lb 6 oz). [[Netherlands]] nwetara 4.0 kg (8 lb 13 oz). Ndị America na-eri 3.9 kilogram (8.6 lb) kwa afọ maka onye ọ bụla.<ref name="UCD"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fondation-louisbonduelle.org/france/en/know-your-vegetables/nutritional-assets-of-vegetables/chou-vert.html#axzz24EyvXQ7a|title=Cabbage|publisher=Louis Bonduelle Foundation|accessdate=2012-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616045430/http://www.fondation-louisbonduelle.org/france/en/know-your-vegetables/nutritional-assets-of-vegetables/chou-vert.html#axzz2g3z7j2gK|archivedate=2012-06-16}}</ref> === Nkwadebe nri === [[Usòrò:飛騨の白菜_(49180905102).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%E9%A3%9B%E9%A8%A8%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BD%E8%8F%9C_%2849180905102%29.jpg/220px-%E9%A3%9B%E9%A8%A8%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BD%E8%8F%9C_%2849180905102%29.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis]] A na-akwadebe ma na-eri cabbage n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche. Nhọrọ kachasị mfe gụnyere iri akwụkwọ nri na-esighi ya esi ma ọ bụ mgbe esiri ya n'ọkụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nri na-esi nri pickle, stew, sautée ma ọ bụ brayze cabbage.<ref name="Ingram"/> Pickling ''b''ụ ụzọ a na-ejikarị echekwa cabbage, na-emepụta efere dịka sauerkraut na kimchi, ọ bụ ezie na a na-emekarị kimchi site na cabbage Chinese (B. rapa subsp. pekinensis).<ref name="UI"/><ref name="Ingram" /> A na-ejikarị cabbages Savoy eme ihe na salads, ebe a na-eji ụdị akwụkwọ dị nro eme ihe maka ahịa ahịa na nhazi.<ref name="Katz280">[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], p. 280</ref> Bean curd na cabbage bụ ihe dị mkpa nke nri ndị China, ebe a na-eji poteto fọdụrụ na cabbage esi ma rie ya na anụ oyi.<ref>[[Cabbage#Tannahill|Tannahill]], p. 146</ref><ref>[[Cabbage#Tannahill|Tannahill]], p. 277</ref> Na Poland, kabeeji bụ otu n'ime nri ndị a na-akụkarị, ọ na-egosipụtakwa nke ọma na nri Polish. A na-eri ya ugboro ugboro, ma sie ya ma ọ bụ dị ka sauerkraut, dị ka efere n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe na-esi na efere ndị dị ka bigos (kabeeji, sauerkraut, anụ, na anụ anụ ọhịa, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ) gołąbki. Mba ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe, dị ka Hungary na [[Romania]], nwekwara nri ọdịnala nke nwere cabbage dị ka isi ihe.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9KcADhDPqkC&pg=PA53|pages=53–54|title=International Cuisine|author=MacVeigh, Jeremy|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4180-4965-2}}</ref> Na India na [[Ethiopia]], a na-etinye cabbage na salad na bray.<ref name="Marks 2008">{{Cite book|author=Marks, Gil|title=Olive Trees and Honey: A Treasury of Vegetarian Recipes from Jewish Communities Around the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lb3MVYVp_9sC&pg=PT392|year=2008|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-544-18750-4}}</ref> Na United States, a na-eji cabbage eme ihe maka mmepụta nke coleslaw, na-esote iji ahịa na mmepụta sauerkraut.<ref name="UCD"/> [[Usòrò:క్యాబేజీ_మరియు_పెసరపప్పు_కూర_(2).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0_%282%29.jpg/220px-%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0_%282%29.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cabbage na moong-dal curry]] === Ụtọ nri === Ọ bụ glucosinolates, otu klas nke sulfur-containing glucosides, na-akpata ụtọ nke cabbage. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ ya n'ime osisi ahụ, ihe ndị a na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ kachasị elu na mkpụrụ; a na-achọta obere na anụ ahụ na-eto eto, ha na-ebelata ka anụ ahụ na na-aka nká.<ref>[[Cabbage#Katz|Katz and Weaver]], pp. 282–283</ref> A na-akatọkarị cabbage e siri esi maka ísì na ụtọ ya na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ihe ndị a na-etolite mgbe a na-esi nri na cabbage ma na-emepụta gas hydrogen sulfide.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://units.sla.org/division/dfan/FFT/vol32no1.pdf|journal=Food for Thought|volume=32|title=Corriher's Compendium of Ingredients and Cooking Problems|author=Corriher, Shirley O.|date=2000–2001|issue=1}}</ref> == Ihe oriri na phytochemicals == Cable a na-esighi esi bụ 92% mmiri, 6% carbohydrates, 1% protein, ma nwee abụba na-enweghị atụ (tebụl). N'ime 100 gram, cabbage a na-esighi esi bụ ihe na-enye vitamin C na vitamin K, nke nwere pasent ịrị anọ na anọ na pasent ịrị asaa na abụọ, nke Daily Value (DV).<ref name="USDA_database">{{Cite web|url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=11109&format|title=USDA database table for raw cabbage per 100 g|publisher=US Department of Agriculture, National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, version SR-27|date=1 April 2019|accessdate=5 January 2020}}</ref> Cabbage bụkwa isi iyi dị mma (10X19% DV) nke vitamin B6 na folate, na-enweghị ihe oriri ndị ọzọ nwere ihe dị mkpa maka 100-gram (tebụl). Nnyocha bụ isi na phytochemicals cabbage na-aga n'ihu iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị na cabbage nwere ike imetụta ahụike ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ, dị ka sulforaphane na glucosinolates ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in health and disease|journal=Trends Mol Med|year=2012|volume=18|issue=6|pages=337–47|pmid=22578879|doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.003}}</ref> Nnyocha banyere akwụkwọ nri cruciferous, gụnyere cabbage, gụnyere ma ha nwere ike belata ihe ize ndụ megide ọrịa kansa eriri afọ.<ref name="Tse 2014">{{Cite journal|author=Tse, G|title=Cruciferous vegetables and risk of colorectal neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Nutrition and Cancer|year=2014|volume=66|issue=1|pages=128–139|doi=10.1080/01635581.2014.852686|pmid=24341734}}</ref> Cabbage bụ isi iyi nke indole-3-carbinol, kemịkal n'okpuru nyocha bụ isi maka ihe ndị nwere ike ịdị na ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0213|title=A novel mechanism of indole-3-carbinol effects on breast carcinogenesis involves induction of Cdc25A degradation|year=2010|author=Wu, Y.|journal=Cancer Prevention Research|volume=3|issue=7|pages=818–828|pmid=20587702}} </ref> === Ọgwụ === Na mgbakwunye na ebumnuche ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri a na-eri eri, a na-eji cabbage eme ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na herbalism. Ndị Gris oge ochie tụrụ aro iri akwụkwọ nri ahụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ahụ dị ọcha, ma jiri mmiri cabbage dị ka ihe ngwọta maka nsị anwụrụ, maka ihe nchebe anya, na maka ihe mkpuchi maka mmerụ ahụ.<ref name="Wright2001"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Decoteau, Dennis R.|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://archive.org/details/vegetablecrops0000deco|year=2000|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-956996-8}}</ref><ref name="Phillips 1827">{{Cite book|author=Phillips, Henry|authorlink=Henry Phillips (horticulturist)|title=History of Cultivated Vegetables: Comprising their Botanical, Medicinal, Edible, and Chemical Qualities; Natural History|year=1827|publisher=Henry Colburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDkaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA99}}</ref> Onye Rom oge ochie, Pliny the Elder, kọwara ma nri na ọgwụ nke akwụkwọ nri.<ref name="Dalby 1996">{{Cite book|author=Dalby, Andrew|title=The Classical Cookbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7S5iC3pZp0C&pg=PA52|year=1996|publisher=Getty Publications|isbn=978-0-89236-394-0}}</ref> [[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ|Ndị Ijipt oge ochie]] riri chow e siri esi na mbido nri iji belata mmetụta na-egbu egbu nke mmanya.<ref>[[Cabbage#Janick|Janick]], p. 51</ref> Ojiji ọdịnala a nọgidere na akwụkwọ ndị Europe ruo n'etiti senchiri nke irí abụọ.<ref name="Hatfield 2004">{{Cite book|author=Hatfield, Gabrielle|title=Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine: Old World and New World Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GGz6708nqgC&pg=PA60|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-874-7|pages=59–60}}</ref> A na-eji ihe ndị na-eme ka akwụkwọ dị jụụ mee ihe na Britain dị ka ọgwụgwọ na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, yana dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ọnyá na ọnya ara. Ojiji ọgwụ ndị ọzọ edere na ọgwụ ọdịnala Europe gụnyere ọgwụgwọ maka rheumatism, mgbu akpịrị, hoarseness, colic, na melancholy.<ref name="Hatfield 2004"/> A na-eji ma cabbage mashed na mmiri cabbage mee ihe na ọgwụ iji wepụ ọzịza na ịgwọ warts, oyi ịba n'ahụ, appendicitis, na ọnyá.<ref name="Hatfield 2004" /> === Ọghọm === Iribiga cabage ókè nwere ike ibute mmụba nke gas eriri afọ nke na-akpata ọzịza na flatulence n'ihi trisaccharide raffinose, nke obere eriri afọ mmadụ enweghị ike ịgbari, mana nje bacteria na nnukwu eriri afọ na-agbari ya.<ref name="St. John2011">{{Cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gas|title=The digestive system and gas|work=WebMD|accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref> A na-ejikọta cabbage na ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ụfọdụ sitere na nri, gụnyere ''Listeria monocytogenes''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09369.html|title=Preventing ''E. coli'' from Garden to Plate|publisher=Colorado State University|author=Davis, J. G.|date=April 19, 2013|accessdate=2012-08-10|archivedate=2012-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305133942/http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09369.html}}</ref> na ''Clostridium botulinum''. A chọpụtala nsị nke ikpeazụ ahụ na ngwakọta coleslaw a na-eme tupu oge eruo, ebe a chọtara spores na cabbages dum nke dị mma n'ọdịdị.<ref name="chapIV" /> Ụdị ''Shigella'' nwere ike ịdị ndụ na cabbage e gburu egbu.<ref name="chapIV">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm091265.htm|title=Chapter IV. Outbreaks Associated with Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce. Incidence, Growth, and Survival of Pathogens in Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|accessdate=2012-08-10|work=Analysis and Evaluation of Preventive Control Measures for the Control and Reduction/Elimination of Microbial Hazards on Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce|date=April 12, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109123857/https://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm091265.htm|archivedate=November 9, 2012}}</ref> Ntiwapụ abụọ nke E. coli na United States ejikọtara ya na iri chou. Nnyocha ihe ize ndụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ kwubiri na enwere ike ịrịa ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-ejikọta ya na cabbage a na-esighị esi, n'ihi mmetọ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa nke usoro uto, owuwe ihe ubi na nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri, mmadụ, anụmanụ na ala nwere ike ibufe na cabbage, na site n'ebe ahụ gaa na onye na-eri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/food/inspection/fruitveg/risk_assessment_pdf/cabbage/30ra.pdf|title=Cabbage Risk Assessment Introduction and Summary|date=December 2001|publisher=Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs|accessdate=2012-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055715/http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/food/inspection/fruitveg/risk_assessment_pdf/cabbage/30ra.pdf|archivedate=2013-09-21}}</ref> Cabbage na akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ nwere obere thiocyanate, ihe jikọtara ya na mmepụta goiter mgbe iri iodine adịghị mma.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.iccidd.org/cm_data/2006_Vanderpas_Nutritional_epidemiology_and_thyroid_hormone_metabolism_AnnRevNutr.pdf|journal=Annu Rev Nutr|year=2006|volume=26|pages=293–322|title=Nutritional epidemiology and thyroid hormone metabolism|author=Vanderpas J|pmid=16704348|doi=10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.010506.103810}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * List of cabbage dishes * '''''<small> Ebe a na-edebe nri</small>''''' == Edensibia == <references responsive="0"></references> == Ọrụ ndị e depụtara == * {{Cite book|ref=Bradley|title=The Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Pest and Disease Control|editor=Bradley, Fern Marshall|year=2009|publisher=Rodale, Inc|isbn=978-1-60529-677-7|url=https://archive.org/details/organicgardeners00brad_0}} * {{Cite book|ref=Dixon|title=Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers|url=https://archive.org/details/vegetablebrassic0000dixo|author=Dixon, Geoffrey R.|series=Crop Production Science in Horticulture|year=2007|publisher=CAB International|isbn=978-0-85199-395-9}} * {{Cite book|ref=Janick|title=Plant Breeding Reviews|author=Janick, Jules|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-10049-3}} * {{Cite book|ref=Katz|title=Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffo0001unse_r6p2|author=Katz, Solomon H.|year=2003|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-80565-8}} * {{Cite book|ref=Maynard|title=Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers|author=Maynard, Donald N.|edition=5th|year=2007|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-73828-2}} * {{Cite book|ref=Ordas|chapter=Cabbage and Kale|author=Ordas, Amando|title=Vegetables I: Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Cucurbitaceae|url=https://archive.org/details/vegetables0000unse_l8i3|publisher=Springer|editor=Prohens, J.|year=2008|isbn=978-0-387-72291-7}} * {{Cite book|ref=Tannahill|title=Food in History|url=https://archive.org/details/foodinhistory0000tann_x3i0|author=Tannahill, Reay|year=1973|publisher=Stein and Day|isbn=978-0-8128-1437-8}} * {{Cite book|ref=Toussaint-Samat|isbn=978-1405181198|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|author=Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne|title=A History of Food|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffood0000tous_i8l0|edition=2nd|year=2009}} * {{Cite book|ref=Wurr|title=The Physiology of Vegetable Crops|url=https://archive.org/details/physiologyofvege0000unse|editor=Wien, H. C.|chapter=Cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage and brussel sprouts|author=Wien, H. C.|publisher=CAB International|year=1997|isbn=978-0-85199-146-7}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19006 Cabbages na Cauliflowers: Otu esi etolite ha site na James John Howard Gregory China Project Gutenberg.] [[Òtù:Cabbage]] [[Òtù:Brassica oleracea]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] luy3gzvnorudb1mc2uh5vlx6hkjpk93 Democratic Socialist Movement (Nigeria) 0 20063 741489 97525 2026-10-24T04:36:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party|country=Nigeria|name=Democratic Socialist Movement|name_native=|logo=|leader=|chairman=|leader1_title=General Secretary|leader1_name=Segun Sango|leader2_title=|leader2_name=|foundation=1986|headquarters=[[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]|newspaper=Socialist Democracy|ideology=[[Marxism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Trotskyism]]|position=[[Far-left]]|youth_wing=|student_wing=|national=[[Socialist Party of Nigeria]]|international=[[Committee for a Workers' International (2019)]]|colours=[[Red]]|membership_year=|membership=|website=[http://www.socialistnigeria.org www.socialistnigeria.org]|colorcode=#FF0000}} Democratic Socialist Movement (DSM) bụ '''òtù''' ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Trotskyist na [[Naijiria]]. Ọ nwere njikọ na Kọmitii maka ndị ọrụ mba ụwa, nke ọ bụ ngalaba nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu. == Ntọala == E hiwere Democratic Socialist Movement n'afọ 1986 na nnọkọ nke ndị ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ihi ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị agha na-aga n'ihu, nzukọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ naanị n'ụzọ na-emeghe ma bụrụ nke a na-eji aha akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Labour Militant (1987 ruo 1994) na Militant (1994 ruo 1998).<ref name="About Us - DSM">[http://www.socialistnigeria.org/page.php?article=946 About Us - DSM]</ref> Mgbe ọnwụ nke onye ndú junta [[Sani Abacha]] na Jụn 1998 na njedebe na-abịanụ nke ọchịchị ndị agha, DSM malitere dị ka nzukọ na-emeghe na Julia nke afọ ahụ.<ref name="About Us - DSM" /> == Mgbasa ozi == N'ime afọ iri na atọ mbụ nke ịdị adị nke ngalaba ahụ, ha tinyere aka nke ukwuu n'ịlụ ọgụ megide ọchịchị aka ike na Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ, ha anọgidewo na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya zuru oke, kamakwa maka ikike nke ndị ọrụ. Mgbasa ozi a emeela ka e jide ọtụtụ ugboro ndị isi DSM.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181431/http://redflag.org.uk/news/nigeria/arrests.html Arrests of Oluremi Kehinde and Alexander Amaujor], ''[[Frontline (journal)|Frontline]]'', 26 May 2000.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185041/http://redflag.org.uk/news/nigeria/akele.html Arrest of Ayodele Akele], ''[[Frontline (journal)|Frontline]]'', 6 July 2000.</ref><ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/the-labour-movement-and-the-nigerian-condition/ The Labour Movement and the Nigerian condition], ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]'', 9 May 2013.</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, DSM keere òkè dị mkpa na ọgbaghara zuru oke nke Jụn 2007 megide ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dị elu.<ref>[http://www.socialistnigeria.org/page.php?article=1247 General strike brings country to a standstill], ''Democratic Socialist Movement'', 20 June 2007.</ref> DSM malitere Education Rights Campaign, kwadoro maka ụbọchị ọrụ mba na agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ na 19 Jụn 2013.<ref>[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/advocacy/87299 NIGERIA: JUNE 19 NATIONAL DAY OF ACTION] ''[[Pambazuka News]]'', 9 May 2013.</ref> Ndị otu DSM mere ngagharị iwe na South African High Commission na Lagos megide ogbugbu Marikana na Lonmin, nke e gburu ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala iri atọ na anọ.<ref>[http://saharareporters.com/2012/09/06/photonews-nigerian-activists-protest-marikana-massacre-lonmin-miners Nigerian Activists Protest Marikana Massacre Of Lonmin Miners], ''[[Sahara Reporters]]'', 6 September 2012.</ref> == Njikọ == DSM arụrịta ụka kemgbe afọ 1980 maka ịmepụta otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ìgwè ma sonye na ndị otu Naịjirịa na-arụkọ ọrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya n'afọ 1989. Ha na-ekwu na otu dị otú ahụ kwesịrị imegide kpamkpam neo-liberalism na privatisation.<ref>[http://www.independentngonline.com/?c=183&a=30588 Leftists Reject Neo-liberal Policies], ''[[The Daily Independent (Lagos)|Daily Independent]]''.</ref> === National Conscience Party === N'afọ 1994, DSM sonyeere Gani Fawehinmi na ntọala nke National Conscience Party.<ref name="About Us - DSM"/> Na ntuli aka nke afọ 2003, DSM guzoro dị ka ndị na-azọ ọkwa maka NCP ma nweta ụfọdụ n'ime vootu kachasị elu nke pati ahụ.<ref name="About Us - DSM" /> Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 2007 ndị otu DSM a họpụtara site na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na nzukọ NCP nke steeti niile ka ndị isi NCP nọ na [[Lagos]] Steeti, na-eduga ndị otu mpaghara ka ha wepụ ndị ha na ntuli aka.<ref>[http://www.socialistnigeria.org/page.php?article=1226 Lagos NCP Withdraws Election Candidates], ''Democratic Socialist Movement'', 20 March 2007.</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, [[Lagos]] State NCP ahapụla National Conscience Party.<ref>[http://www.socialistnigeria.org/page.php?article=1274 Lagos Chapter Quits NCP], ''Democratic Socialist Movement'', 8 August 2007.</ref> === Òtù Socialist nke Naịjirịa === DSM malitere atụmatụ maka Socialist Party nke Naijiria nke emere na 16 Nọvemba 2013 na Lagos Steeti. == Nkewa == N'ịkwughachi nkewa na Kọmitii maka Ndị Ọrụ International n'afọ gara aga, na June 2020 mmadụ ole na ole n'ime DSM hapụrụ iji guzobe Movement for a Socialist Alternative, nke jikọtara ya na International Socialist Alternatives, ebe DSM jikọtara onwe ya na Kọmiti maka Ndị Ọrụ Internationale.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Introducing Movement for a Socialist Alternative|url=https://internationalsocialist.net/en/2020/06/nigeria|accessdate=June 16, 2020|work=International Socialist Alternative|date=June 16, 2020}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 808mrkbr4eh24t6afxhl73lcrwjaxw2 AdaCamp 0 24845 741453 719667 2026-10-24T00:12:59Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''AdaCamp''' bụ usoro mkparịta ụka nke Ada Initiative haziri. AdaCamp bụ naanị nnọkọ nke lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ nwanyị sonyere na teknụzụ na ọdịbendị mepere emepe, gụnyere mmepe nke ngwanrọ n'efu na nke mepere emepi na onyinye maka ọrụ dịka [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scmagazine.com//two-champions-for-women-in-technology/article/268997/#|title=Two champions for women in technology|first=Alan|author=Earls|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group]]|work=SC Magazine|accessdate=August 27, 2013|date=December 3, 2012|pages=1}}</ref><ref name="dccamp">{{Cite web|year=2012|title=AdaCamp Washington DC|publisher=[[The Ada Initiative]]|url=http://dc.adacamp.org|accessdate=August 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811163734/http://dc.adacamp.org/|archivedate=August 11, 2013}}</ref> AdaCamps so n'ime ọrụ na ihe onwunwe nke Ada Initiative nyere iji mee ka ebe ọrụ bụrụ ndị enyi maka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="melbourne">{{Cite news|url=http://www.techworld.com.au/article/406353/melbourne_adacamp_address_open_technology_gender_issues/|title=Melbourne AdaCamp to address open technology's gender issues|first=Rohan|author=Pearce|work=Techworld Australia|date=November 4, 2011|accessdate=August 27, 2013}}</ref> E mere AdaCamps na Melbourne (Jenụwarị nke afo2012), Washington, D.C. (July nke afo 2012), San Francisco (June nke afo2013), Portland (June nke afo 2014), Berlin (October nke afo 2014), Bangalore (November nke afo 2015), na Montreal (April nke afo 2015).<ref name="melbourne"/><ref name="dccamp"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sf.adacamp.org/|title=AdaCamp San Francisco|publisher=[[The Ada Initiative]]|accessdate=August 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060921/http://sf.adacamp.org/|archivedate=September 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adacamp.org/about-adacamp/|title=About AdaCamp|publisher=[[The Ada Initiative]]|accessdate=March 19, 2016}}</ref> Otu narị ụmụ nwanyị si mba iri sonyere na ihe omume July nke afo 2012, ọ dịkwa ukwuu karịa Melbourne AdaCamp mbụ.<ref name="dcaccount">{{Cite web|url=http://opensource.com/life/12/7/adacamp-dc-learning-environment-women-techonology?sc_cid=70160000000IDmjAAG|title=AdaCamp DC: A learning environment for women in open source|date=July 27, 2012|accessdate=August 27, 2013|work=Opensource.com|author=Chestek|first=Pam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scmagazine.com/two-champions-for-women-in-technology/article/268997/2/|title=Two champions for women in technology|first=Alan|author=Earls|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group]]|work=SC Magazine|accessdate=August 27, 2013|date=December 3, 2012|pages=2}}</ref> Onye guzobere Valerie Aurora kwuru na ihe kpatara AdaCamp gụnyere "inwe ọganihu ngwa ngwa na nsogbu siri ike, ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma, na ịkparịta ụka. "<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/open-sauce/51689-ada-initiative-to-hold-first-camp-in-melbourne|title=Ada Initiative to hold first camp in Melbourne|first=Sam|author=Varghese|work=ITWire|date=December 9, 2011|accessdate=August 29, 2013}}</ref> Dị ka enweghị nzukọ, ndị bịara na-eduzi nnọkọ na isiokwu ha họọrọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/open-sauce/52141-adacamp-set-to-kick-off-in-melbourne|title=AdaCamp set to kick off in Melbourne|first=Sam|author=Varghese|work=ITWire|date=January 13, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2013|archive-date=May 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519141242/http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/open-sauce/52141-adacamp-set-to-kick-off-in-melbourne|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tinyere ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmasị na ngwanrọ na-emeghe, ndị bịara nwere ike ịgụnye ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịnweta ohere, agụmakwụkwọ na-emegide, hackerspaces, nnwere onwe dijitalụ, omenala [[wiki]], na isiokwu ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.techworld.com.au/article/412308/adacamp_aims_boost_women_participation_open_tech/|title=AdaCamp aims to boost women's participation in open tech|first=Rohan|author=Pearce|work=TechWorld Australia|date=January 13, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.techworld.com.au/article/412308/adacamp_aims_boost_women_participation_open_tech/|title=The Ada Initiative: Looking Back and Looking Forward|first=Joe 'Zonker'|author=Brockmeier|work=Linux.com|date=December 6, 2011|accessdate=August 29, 2013}}</ref> Na June nko afo 2015, ndị na-ahazi Ada Initiative kwupụtara njedebe nke AdaCamp na ihe na-emeghe "AdaCamp Toolkit", usoro akwụkwọ atụmatụ iji kọwaa otu esi agba ọsọ ihe omume dị ka AdaCamp.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the end of the AdaCamp program|url=https://adainitiative.org/2015/06/announcing-the-end-of-the-adacamp-program/|work=adainitiative.org|accessdate=2015-07-01|archivedate=2015-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701073800/https://adainitiative.org/2015/06/announcing-the-end-of-the-adacamp-program/}}</ref> == Hụkwa ya == * [[Ada Lovelace]], aha nke nzukọ nkwado ahụ * Ụmụ nwanyị na kọmputa {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130816022120/http://adainitiative.org/what-we-do/events/ Ihe omume Ada Initiative, gụnyere Ada Camp] 0884fh1yeqosbv6uzx315a56au7qihv European Bird Census Council 0 28846 741501 196303 2026-10-24T11:28:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741501 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using infobox organization with unknown parameters|sloganEuropean Bird Census Council]] European Bird Census Council ('''EBCC''') bụ òtù nnụnụ nke na-amụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, nkesa na ọnụọgụ nke nnụnụ Europe iji mee ka nchedo na mbọ nchịkwa mara. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị na [[Netherlands]], ma nwee ndị otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ihe karịrị mba iri anọ..<ref name="GBIF">{{Cite web|title=European Bird Census Council (EBCC)|url=https://www.gbif.org/publisher/d3f94e8a-bb06-4d2b-89a6-6cd66abfa66c|work=www.gbif.org|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> == Ntọala == E hiwere EBCC na 1992, na-esochi njikọ nke otu ornithological Ornithological Committee, European Ornithological Atlas Committee na International Bird Census Committee.<ref name="UIA">{{Cite web|title=European Bird Census Council - Yearbook Profile - Union of International Associations|url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100006008|work=uia.org|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="EBBCBirdCensusNews">{{Cite web|author=Knytl|first=Jiri|title=European Bird Census Council, EBCC Home Page|url=http://www.ebcc.info/bcn.html|work=www.ebcc.info|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903185814/http://www.ebcc.info/bcn.html|archivedate=3 September 2013}}</ref> == Nlekọta == EBCC na-ahụ maka atụmatụ Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS), nke na-achọ ịnakọta data sitere na atụmatụ nlekota nnụnụ nke mba n'ofe Europe iji mụọ ike ndị na-akpata mgbanwe ndị mmadụ ma jiri ihe ngosi nnụnụ nkịtị dị ka onye nnọchiteanya maka ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi. ma si otú a gwa.<ref name="EBCC-PECBMS">{{Cite web|author=Knytl|first=Jiri|title=European Bird Census Council, EBCC Home Page|url=http://www.ebcc.info/index.php?ID=28|work=www.ebcc.info|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040032/http://www.ebcc.info/index.php?ID=28|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-ebipụta data nlekota dị ka European Breeding Birds Atlas, nke abụọ n'ime ha (EBBA2) na-akwadebe ugbu a.<ref name="EBBA2WhatWhy">{{Cite web|title=What is EBBA2 and why EBBA2 - European Breeding Bird Atlas|url=http://www.ebba2.info/what-is-ebba2-and-why-ebba2/|work=www.ebba2.info|accessdate=19 November 2017|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042752/http://www.ebba2.info/what-is-ebba2-and-why-ebba2/}}</ref> A na-ekesa data anakọtara dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme PECBMS na EBBA2 na ọnụ ụzọ EBCC, EuroBirdPortal, yana site na Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).<ref name="EuroBirdPortal">{{Cite web|title=EuroBirdPortal|url=http://www.eurobirdportal.org/ebp/en/about/|work=www.eurobirdportal.org|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="GBIF"/><ref name="NLBIF-GBIF">{{Cite web|title=Breeding bird atlas data from the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) freely online in GBIF - NLBIF.nl|url=https://www.nlbif.nl/en/news/nlbif-projects/breeding-bird-atlas-data-european-bird-census-council-ebcc-freely-online-gbif|work=www.nlbif.nl|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en-gb|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033358/https://www.nlbif.nl/en/news/nlbif-projects/breeding-bird-atlas-data-european-bird-census-council-ebcc-freely-online-gbif}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == EBCC na-enwe nzukọ afọ atọ ọ bụla, nke a raara nye nlekota nnụnụ, nchekwa na nyocha na Europe na mba ofesi.<ref name="ABC-Conference">{{Cite web|title=European Bird Census Council conference 2016|url=https://www.africanbirdclub.org/news/european-bird-census-council-conference-2016|work=African Bird Club|accessdate=19 November 2017|language=en|date=8 December 2015|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040151/https://www.africanbirdclub.org/news/european-bird-census-council-conference-2016}}</ref> Òtù ahụ na-ebipụtakwa Journal of the European Bird Census Council, nke akpọrọ Bird Census News, nke na-agba ọsọ kemgbe 1987.<ref name="EBBCBirdCensusNews"/> == Hụkwa == * Nchekwa nnụnụ * [[Nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi|Nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190907205505/https://www.ebcc.info/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ EBCC] * [http://www.eurobirdportal.org/ EuroBirdPortal - Portal Observations] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231031154945/https://birdbing.com/ Nnụnụ Bing - Ịchọpụta Ụwa Nnụnụ Na-adọrọ Adọrọ Adọrọ] quoj0gcvwnzyoa4uve80idrmy5alw6o Britta Böhler 0 28953 741427 539954 2026-10-23T20:30:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Britta Böhler''' (17 Julaị 1960 na Freiburg im Breisgau, West [[Jémanị|Germany]]) bụ onye ọka iwu Dutch na iwu mba ụwa na ikike mmadụ, na onye bụbu onye otu [[Netherlands|Dutch]] Senate maka GreenLeft Party. A mụrụ ya na West Germany ma ghọọ nwa amaala Dutch iji gbaa ọsọ maka ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. == Mbido ndụ, agụmakwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Böhler na Freiburg, West Germany.  Nna ya bụ onye nduzi ego nke ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ na nne ya, onye ọrụ obodo.  Ndị mụrụ ya abụọ bụ ndị otu Social Democratic Party nke Germany. Mgbe ọ gachara ụlọ akwụkwọ grammar ọha na eze na Goethe Gymnasium, Böhler malitere ịmụ iwu na [[Ákọ na Uche|nkà ihe ọmụma]] na 1979 na Albert-Ludwigs Universität na Freiburg. Ọ họọrọ iwu n'ihi na ọ ga-enye ya ohere mgbanwe na Germany nke afọ iri asaa. N'agbata afọ 1979 na 1980 ọ mụkwara akụ na ụba, na n'agbata 1980 na 1982, sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'afọ 1984, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na iwu, ọkachamara na iwu mpụ. N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ malitere inwe ọmịiko n'ebe ndị Palestine nọ, na Marxism.<ref name="NOVA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071114182515/http://www.novatv.nl/index.cfm?ln=nl profile Böhler] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114182515/http://www.novatv.nl/index.cfm?ln=nl |date=14 November 2007 }}</ref> N'etiti afọ 2012 na 2017, Böhler bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Amsterdam .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=4 April 2019|title=Appointment Britta Böhler as Professor of Legal Professions & Ethics|url=https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/news/appointment-britta-b%C3%B6hler-professor-legal-professions-ethics|accessdate=18 February 2022|work=[[Maastricht University]]|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ iwu na ụkpụrụ omume na Mahadum Maastricht.<ref name=":0" /> == Ọkaiwu == N'afọ 1985, ọ ghọrọ onye ọka iwu na Munich. Ọ bụkwa onye na-eme ntụli aka, (ụdị onye mmekọ n'ọfịs iwu) na onye na-achọ PhD na iwu. N'afọ 1989, ọ ghọrọ onye ọka iwu na ụlọ ọrụ iwu Peat Marwick na Frankfurt am Main, na-arụ ọrụ karịsịa na iwu ụlọ ọrụ. N'afọ 1991, ọ kwagara Amsterdam, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Loeff Claeys Verbeke (nke bụzi Loyens & Loeff).<ref name="BFKW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfkw.nl/advocaten/bohler-e.html|title=Böhler Franken Koppe Wijngaarden – Britta Böhler|accessdate=23 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092541/http://www.bfkw.nl/advocaten/bohler-e.html|archivedate=2 June 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, Böhler nwetara Ph.D. na iwu site na Albert-Ludwigs Universität: ebe o dere edemede banyere onye ọkà ihe ọmụma iwu, ''Gerhart Husserl'': Leben und Werk (Ndụ na Ọrụ). N'afọ 1994, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nleba anya na ntuli aka izugbe nke South Africa, ntuli aka mbụ mgbe nbibi nke Apartheid.  South Africa na ndị bi na ya hapụrụ Böhler mmetụta siri ike ma mee ka ọ na-eme ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme iwu ya.  N'agbata 1994 na 1995 ọ bụ onye ọka iwu na Van den Biessen en Prakke, ụlọ ọrụ iwu nku aka ekpe.  Na 1995, ọ ghọrọ onye mmekọ na Böhler Franken Koppe Wijngaarden, ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-arụ ọrụ na "oke n'etiti ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu", ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na iwu mba ụwa na ikike mmadụ.<ref name="BFKW"/> N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ikpe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ndị a bụ ikpe ebe, dị ka Böhler si kwuo, ikpe ahụ karịrị ịnụ ikpe nke mpụ, ebe akụkụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme na mkpali nke onye ahịa ahụ. Böhler gbachitere onye isi Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) Abdullah Öcalan na 1999, ndị ọchịchị [[Turkéy|Turkey]] kọwakwara ya dị ka onye agha PKK ma chụpụ ya na Turkey.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trial will be 'very just', Ecevit says after lawyers' expulsion|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/trial-will-be-very-just-ecevit-says-after-lawyers-expulsion-1.154169|accessdate=4 September 2020|work=The Irish Times|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gbachitekwara Volkert van der Graaf, onye gburu Pim Fortuyn, kemgbe 2002 ma na-anọchite anya ndị na-achọghị ka Jorge Zorreguieta gaa agbamakwụkwọ nwa ya nwanyị Máxima Zorreguiita na nwa eze Willem-Alexander.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bertr|first=Par Paul|date=11 May 2002|title=L'étrange passé du meurtrier de Pim Fortuyn|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/l-etrange-passe-du-meurtrier-de-pim-fortuyn-12-05-2002-2003060094.php|accessdate=4 September 2020|work=leparisien.fr|language=fr-FR}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, ọ gbachitere Samir Azzouz, onye otu Hofstadgroep. Ọ bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ iwu maka Ayaan Hirsi Ali n'oge nsogbu gbasara mba ya. Böhler enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye maka ọrụ ya, gụnyere Dean Award maka onye ọka iwu kachasị mma na Amsterdam na 2003 na onyinye Clara Wichmann na 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parool.nl/parool/nl/4/AMSTERDAM/article/detail/265969/2009/10/30/Prijs-voor-asieladvocaat-Hamerslag.dhtml|title=PAROOL: AMSTERDAM – Prijs voor asieladvocaat Hamerslag|accessdate=23 November 2009|archivedate=3 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103112519/http://www.parool.nl/parool/nl/4/AMSTERDAM/article/detail/265969/2009/10/30/Prijs-voor-asieladvocaat-Hamerslag.dhtml}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161023182554/http://www.ligarechtenvandemens.nl/actueel_03.html "Clara Meijer-Wichmann Penning 2005 uitgereikt aan Britta Böhler"] on ligarechtenvandemens.nl</ref> N'afọ 2003, ọ pụtara na mmemme "Zomergasten", ajụjụ ọnụ marathon nke awa anọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=britta böhler – Zomergasten|url=https://www.vpro.nl/programmas/zomergasten/lees/gasten/2003/britta-bohler.html|accessdate=4 September 2020|work=VPRO|language=nl}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu, Böhler nwekwara ọtụtụ ọkwa na ọha mmadụ.  N'agbata 1994 na 1999, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ Greenpeace Netherlands, n'etiti 2002 na 2003, ọ bụ oche.  N'agbata 1995 na 2003, ọ bụ onye otu bọọdụ ndị ọka iwu maka ndị ọka iwu.  Ugbu a ọ bụ onye ọka iwu na Prakken d'Oliveira Human Rights Lawyers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lawyers|url=https://www.prakkendoliveira.nl/en/who-are-we/lawyers|accessdate=22 January 2021|work=Prakken d'Oliveira {{!}} Human Rights Lawyers|language=nl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128111539/https://www.prakkendoliveira.nl/en/who-are-we/lawyers|archive-date=28 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Onye otu Senate == Na Nọvemba 2006, Böhler kwupụtara na ya chọrọ ịzọ ọkwa sinetị dịka onye otu GreenLeft party.  Na 2006, ọ dụrụ ndị Socialist Party ndụmọdụ na mmemme ntuli aka ha.  Ọ gbanwere na GreenLeft n'ihi na "nghọta onwe onye na onye ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ dị mkpa na mmemme ha yana n'ihi na otu ahụ na-eleba anya na nchekwa na nchekwa nke ụkpụrụ nke Rechtsstaat".  Na February 2007, etinyere ya na ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ndepụta, n'azụ Tof Thissen.  Ka Böhler wee banye n'ọkwa ọchịchị, ọ ga-enwerịrị nwa amaala Dutch.  A họpụtara ya na Senate na 2007.<ref name=":0"/> Na Senate, Böhler na-elekọta ngalaba ego, nchekwa na ikpe ziri ezi na ọrụ ugbo. O kwuru okwu mbụ ya banyere iwu na ndekọ ndị uwe ojii.<ref>Handelingen 2006/2007, nr. 35 : blz. 1063–1065</ref> Ọ bụ onye so na kọmitii na European Cooperation, Finance, Justice, Agriculture, Nature and Food quality, Social Affairs and job, Defense, Development Cooperation and home, Spatial Plan na gburugburu / ụlọ na mwekota, yana kọmitii na  Ikpe ziri ezi na Council Affairs Council, nke na-ahụ maka ndị uwe ojii na ndị na-ahụ maka ikpe na-ahụ maka mpụ nke European Union. == Onyinye ==   == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * "Gerhart Husserl: Leben und Werk" (1992, thesis) * "De zwerftocht van een leider: Achter de schermen van de zaak Öcalan" (2004) * "Crisis in de rechtspraak. Spraakmakende zaken, verborgen processen" (2004) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516190947/http://www.bfkw.nl/advocaten/bohler.html profaịlụ] na saịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu Böhler Franken Koppe Wijngaarden * [http://www.eerstekamer.nl/9324000/1f/j9vvgh5ihkk7kof/vhlcfspsd0su profaịlụ] na eerstekamer.nl * [http://www.groenlinks.nl/1ekamer/kamerleden/brittabohler profaịlụ] [njikọ nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] na GroenLinks.nl * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071114182515/http://www.novatv.nl/index.cfm?ln=nl profaịlụ] na novatv.nl * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901232810/http://www.vpro.nl/programma/zomergasten/afleveringen/12752423/ Zomergasten] na Böhler * [http://www.parlement.com/9291000/biof/03135 profaịlụ] na parlement.comn {{DEFAULTSORT:Böhler, Britta}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] 88z0ei611p5w0ox4w9inz61wklyiltf Chuku Wachuku 0 30698 741477 729652 2026-10-24T01:19:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chuku Wachuku''' // i (amụrụ Chukumere "Anaba Ndubuisi" Wachuku, 1947), nwa eze nke Ngwaland, bụ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na Naijiria, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye isi ọrụ, onye nyocha azụmaahịa, ọkachamara na njikwa na ọkachamara na mmepe ọchụnta ego na SMEs: Obere na Obere. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa mbụ nke Ngwa na gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa; NDE: National Directorate of Employment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz_tAAAAMAAJ&q=Chuku+WACHUKU+NDE+Director+General|title=Chuku Wachuku: NDE Director-General: Nigeria Labour Handbook: 1991|year=1991|publisher=Federal Ministry of Employment, Labour and Productivity: 1991|accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/udeokochukwu.deputygovernor.abiastate/posts/ikpeazu-salutes-chief-chuku-wachuku-on-his-birthdaythe-governor-of-abia-state-dr/1293974250757554|title=Governor Ikpeazu Salutes Chief Chuku Wachuku on His Birthday|publisher=Ude Oko Chukwu: Deputy Governor of Abia State: Nigeria: Facebook Incorporated|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/business-day-nigeria/20200220/282110638628975|title=Over 20m Jobs Available in Raw Materials-Based Cluster: Says Wachuku|publisher=Press Reader: Business Day Nigeria|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://macbuoro-newsalert.blogspot.mx/2011/11/nassi-tasks-govt-on-job-creation-for.html|title=NASSI tasks govt on job creation for youths|publisher=Macbuoro-Newsalert.|accessdate=8 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/mobile/business/money/13694-industrialists-seek-easy-access-to-n200b-sme-fund.html|title=Industrialists seek easy access to N200b SME fund|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=8 April 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke AIEN: Agriculture and Industrial Entrepreneurs of Nigeria. Ọzọkwa, Wachuku bụ Onye isi oche na Onye isi nchịkwa na ICED: International Center for Entrepreneurship Development na Naịjirịa; yana onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba na mmepe nke ndị ọchụnta ego, obere na nke etiti na ngalaba na-abụghị nke gọọmentị etiti nke [[Naijiria|Naịjiria]]. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na onye ndụmọdụ na US $ 6.2 nde ma ọ bụ ijeri Naira Central Bank of Nigeria - Abia State Agricultural Empowerment Scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abiastate.gov.ng/news/press/abia-govt-to-disburse-n1bn-loans-to-farmers|title=Abia Govt to disburse N1BN Loans to Farmers|publisher=Abia State Government|accessdate=11 April 2014|archivedate=3 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503194320/http://www.abiastate.gov.ng/news/press/abia-govt-to-disburse-n1bn-loans-to-farmers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/01/31/abia-to-train-320-on-agric-plans-upgrade-of-umuahia-water-scheme|title=Abia To Train 320 on Agriculture|publisher=The Tide|accessdate=11 April 2014|archivedate=13 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413194014/http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/01/31/abia-to-train-320-on-agric-plans-upgrade-of-umuahia-water-scheme/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=81|title=Abia Moves To Revolutionise Agriculture|publisher=News Express|accessdate=16 April 2014|archivedate=16 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191905/http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=81}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202002270908.html|title=Nigeria: Expert Chuku Wachuku AIEN President Advocates Raw Materials-Based Cluster Sector|publisher=All Africa Media|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, Onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] kwadoro nhọpụta Wachuku site n'aka Gọọmentị Abia Steeti dị ka onye nnọchi anya na-anọchite anya mpaghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Abia Steet na Nzukọ Mba Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/press-release/president-jonathan-releases-final-list-delegates-national-conference|title=President Jonathan Releases Final List of Delegates to the National Conference|publisher=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=16 April 2014|archivedate=2 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402063135/http://saharareporters.com/press-release/president-jonathan-releases-final-list-delegates-national-conference}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianationalconference2014.org/Delegates#.U0C33ah5PuM|title=Delegates: Nigerian National Conference 2014|publisher=Nigerian National Conference 2014|accessdate=5 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075928/http://www.nigerianationalconference2014.org/Delegates#.U0C33ah5PuM|archivedate=7 April 2014}}</ref> Na mbido, na Julaị 2013, Onye isi ala Jonathan họpụtara Wachuku ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na bọọdụ na-achịkwa NASENI: National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure; yana bọọdụ na'achịkwa SMEDAN: Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsdiaryonline.com/jonathan-inaugurates-icrc-boardtasks-naseni|title=Jonathan Inaugurates ICRC Board,Tasks NASENI|publisher=NewsdiaryOnline|accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.promptnewsonline.com/jonathan-inaugurates-icrc-naseni-boards|title=Jonathan Inaugurates ICRC, NASENI Boards|publisher=Prompt News Online|accessdate=20 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smedan.org/organization.html|title=SMEDAN: Governing Board|publisher=SMEDAN|accessdate=9 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123740/http://www.smedan.org/organization.html|archivedate=13 April 2014}}</ref> N'oge gara aga, Wachuku jere ozi dị ka Director-General nke NDE: National Directorate of Employment.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxksTEWzzG4C&q=Wachuku+National+Directorate+of+Employment&pg=PA36|title=International Labour Conference: 78th Session: 1991: Chuku Wachuku: Director-General: NDE: National Directorate of Employment: Nigeria|year=1992|publisher=ILO: International Labour Organization: Geneva: Switzerland|isbn=9789221075301|accessdate=21 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/business-day-nigeria/20200220/282110638628975|title=Over 20m Jobs Available in Raw Materials-based Cluster, Says Wachuku, Former Director-General of NDE: National Directorate of Employment|publisher=Press Reader: Business Day: Nigeria|accessdate=21 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30EuAQAAIAAJ&q=Chuku+WACHUKU+NDE+Director+General|title=According to Chuku Wachuku, the NDE Director-General, "NDE is not just another isolated government programme..."|year=1992|publisher=Newswatch Magazine: Nigeria|accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref> Wachuku bụ nwa nwanne Jaja Wachuku, onye isi oche mbụ nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya Naijiria yana onye nnọchi anya mbụ na United Nations; na Minista [[Naijiria]] mbụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na mmekọrịta Commonwealth. Ọ bụ nwa nwa nke Eze Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku, onye bụ onye isi (Onye Isi), onye isi na [[Eze]] nke Ngwa-land - na [[Abá|Aba]] Division nke Eastern Nigeria: Africa: Commonwealth: Earth . [https://sites.google.com/site/uwachuku/josaiah-ndubuisi-wachuku] == Ọrụ == N'ime afọ ndị a, kemgbe afọ 1982, Wachuku ejeela ụmụ mmadụ ozi dị ka ndị a: Onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba na ọkachamara na mmepe ọchụnta ego, onye ọchụchọ ọrụ ugbo, onye ndụmọdụ na obere mmepụta ihe na atụmatụ; Kọmishọna maka ọrụ pụrụ iche na onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche na ihe gbasara akụ na ụba nye Gọvanọ nke Imo Steeti ochie, Naịjirịa; Onye isi ọrụ mmepe ego na itinye ego, Imo [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Steeti]] Ochie: NDE: National Directorate of Employment; na mgbe ahụ Onye isi ala: [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim]] NDE: Onye isi ala nke [[Naijiria|Federal Republic]], Onye isi ala, Onye isi ọrụ nke Federal State Babang<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanguard News, Sports and Business from vanguard Newspapers -|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ nke Labour Party maka Abia State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=9761&template=print-article.htm|title=Today's polls: The shape of things to come|publisher=OnlineNigerial|accessdate=11 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143807/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=9761&template=print-article.htm|archivedate=13 April 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke AIEN: Agriculture and Industrial Entrepreneurs of Nigeria. Ọzọkwa, Wachuku bụ Onye isi oche na Onye isi nchịkwa na ICED: International Center for Entrepreneurship Development na Naịjirịa; yana onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba na mmepe nke ndị ọchụnta ego, obere na nke etiti na ngalaba na-abụghị nke gọọmentị etiti nke [[Naijiria|Naịjiria]]. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na onye ndụmọdụ na US $ 6.2 nde ma ọ bụ ijeri Naira Central Bank of Nigeria - Abia State Agricultural Empowerment Scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abiastate.gov.ng/news/press/abia-govt-to-disburse-n1bn-loans-to-farmers|title=Abia Govt to disburse N1BN Loans to Farmers|publisher=Abia State Government|accessdate=11 April 2014|archivedate=3 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503194320/http://www.abiastate.gov.ng/news/press/abia-govt-to-disburse-n1bn-loans-to-farmers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/01/31/abia-to-train-320-on-agric-plans-upgrade-of-umuahia-water-scheme|title=Abia To Train 320 on Agriculture|publisher=The Tide|accessdate=11 April 2014|archivedate=13 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413194014/http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/01/31/abia-to-train-320-on-agric-plans-upgrade-of-umuahia-water-scheme/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=81|title=Abia Moves To Revolutionise Agriculture|publisher=News Express|accessdate=16 April 2014|archivedate=16 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191905/http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=81}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202002270908.html|title=Nigeria: Expert Chuku Wachuku AIEN President Advocates Raw Materials-Based Cluster Sector|publisher=All Africa Media|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref> Wachuku bụ onye isi oche nke Zara Limited, ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria na-etinye aka na mmepe na iwu ụlọ, Onye isi oche na Onye isi oche nke Zara Homes Incorporated na Maryland, United States of America. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke NASSI: Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists; gụnyere ije ozi na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Abia|Mahadum Abia]] State nke Naijiria n'ọkwa ndị a: Onye otu Ranking, Kansụl Na-achị Isi; Onye isi oche, Kọmitii Teknụzụ nke Tenders Board; Onye isi ala, Kọmiti Ntinye ego; Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ, Kọmidi Ụbọchị Ndị guzobere; Onye isi, Mmepe na Ntinye Ego; Onye isi obodo: Onye isi oche: Kọmitii Ntinye na Ntinentụl, Atụmatụ na Atụmatụ; na Atụl.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.absuu.net/contents.php?idx=40|title=Convocation Address by ABSU Vice Chancellor|publisher=Abia State University: Uturu: Nigeria|accessdate=11 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210002821/http://www.absuu.net/contents.php?idx=40|archivedate=10 February 2013}}</ref> N'ịghọta mkpebi Wachuku na ọrụ ọ na-aga n'ihu nye ndị Naijiria, Onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ na-ewuli elu nke bọọdụ gọọmentị etiti ndị a: RMRDC: Raw Materials Research and Development Council; SMEDAN: Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency; NASENI: National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure; na onye nnọchiteanya na 2014 Nigerian National Conference, na-anọchite anya South Eastern States - site na aro na nkwado nke gọọmentị Abia State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spyghana.com/quality-abia-nominees-national-conference|title=Quality of Abia Nominees to the National Conference|publisher=SpyGhana|accessdate=11 April 2014|archivedate=13 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413204712/http://www.spyghana.com/quality-abia-nominees-national-conference/}}</ref> == Nhọrọ ndị omeiwu 2023 == Iji jeere ndị ya ozi, na 21 Machị 2022, Wachuku kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịzọ ọkwa Senate nke Naijiria site na Abia Central Senatorial District na ntuli aka 2023 dị ka onye otu PDP: Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ngwafactsnews.com/2022/03/22/chief-chuku-wachuku-formally-declared-for-senate-abia-central-at-his-umuomianta-nbawsi-ward-10-isiala-ngwa-north-lga-abia-yesterday-21-3-2022/|title=Chief Chuku Wachuku Formally Declared for Senate Abia Central at his Umuomianta Nbawsi Ward 10 Isiala Ngwa North LGA Abia Yesterday 21-3-2022|publisher=Ngwa Facts News|accessdate=17 June 2022|archivedate=26 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426044301/https://ngwafactsnews.com/2022/03/22/chief-chuku-wachuku-formally-declared-for-senate-abia-central-at-his-umuomianta-nbawsi-ward-10-isiala-ngwa-north-lga-abia-yesterday-21-3-2022/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afnews.ng/senate-2023-why-i-am-the-best-candidate-to-represent-abia-central-chuku-wachuku/|title=Senate 2023: Why I Am the Best Candidate to Represent Abia Central – Chuku Wachuku|publisher=AfNews Nigeria: GoldInk Communication Limited|accessdate=17 June 2022}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2022, tupu ntuli aka nke PDP, Wachuku si na asọmpi onye omeiwu nke pati ahụ pụọ "na-ekwu maka enweghị nghọta, enweghị nkwenye na usoro kwesịrị ekwesị, njikwa na enweghị omume nke ndị nnọchi anya mmadụ atọ na mpaghara ya dị ka ihe kpatara omume ya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/abia-ex-nde-boss-dumps-pdp-vows-to-pursue-senatorial-ambition-in-another-platform/|title=Abia: Chief Chuku Wachuku Ex-NDE Boss Dumps PDP, Wows to Pursue Senatorial Ambition in Another Platform|publisher=Vanguard News Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2022}}</ref> Na 3 June 2022, a họpụtara Wachuku ka ọ bụrụ YPP: Young Progressives Party Senatorial Candidate maka Abia Central tupu 2023 General Election na Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wawanewsglobal.com/2022/06/04/after-dumping-pdp-pioneer-nde-boss-wachuku-emerges-ypp-senatorial-candidate-for-abia-central/|title=After dumping PDP , Pioneer NDE Boss, Wachuku Emerges YPP Senatorial Candidate for Abia Central|publisher=Wawa News Global|accessdate=17 June 2022|archivedate=12 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612170514/https://wawanewsglobal.com/2022/06/04/after-dumping-pdp-pioneer-nde-boss-wachuku-emerges-ypp-senatorial-candidate-for-abia-central/}}</ref> Na 25 Febụwarị 2023, Darlington Nwokocha nke Labour Party (Nigeria) meriri Wachuku na ntuli aka Abia Central Senatorial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/585083-nigeriadecides2023-lp-wins-abia-central-senatorial-seat.html|title=#NigeriaDecides2023: LP Wins Abia Central Senatorial Seat|publisher=Premium Times Nigeria|accessdate=5 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/27/election-result-inec-declares-lps-nwokocha-winner-of-abia-central-senatorial-seat/|title=Election result: INEC declares LP’s Nwokocha winner of Abia Central Senatorial seat|publisher=Daily Post Nigeria|accessdate=5 March 2023}}</ref> == Onye isi oche AIEN == Wachuku na-eje ozi dị ka Onye isi oche na Onye isi nchịkwa nke AIEN: Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo na Ndị Ọchụnta ego nke Naịjirịa. [[Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara|Njikọ]] a na-akwado Agenda 2063: Africa We Want; nke a nabatara na 31 Jenụwarị 2015 na 24th Ordinary Assembly of Heads of State and Governments of African Union na Addis Ababa, [[Ethiopia]]; ọkachasị Agenda 2063's Flagship Project 2 gbasara: "ịmepụta atụmatụ maka ịgbanwe akụ na ụba Afrịka site na onye na-eweta ihe ndị a na-emepụta [[Agenda 2063|ihe]] gaa na nke na-eji akụ na ụba ya eme ihe. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/02/27/expert-advocates-raw-materials-based-cluster-sector/|title=Expert Advocates Raw Materials-based Cluster Sector|publisher=This Day Live Nigeria|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nipc.gov.ng/2018/07/25/rmrdc-signs-mou-with-agric-entrepreneurs|title=RMRDC Signs MOU With Agric Entrepreneurs|publisher=NIPC: Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission|accessdate=28 February 2020|archivedate=28 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228161111/https://nipc.gov.ng/2018/07/25/rmrdc-signs-mou-with-agric-entrepreneurs/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/tag/chuku-wachuku|title=Chuku Wachuku in The Guardian|publisher=The Guardian Media Nigeria|accessdate=28 February 2020|archivedate=28 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228161111/https://guardian.ng/tag/chuku-wachuku/}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, AIEN nke Wachuku: Ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Naịjirịa na-ebuli elu ma na-agbaso ebumnuche ụwa niile: Agenda 2030, SDGs: [[Ihe Ebumnuche Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide]] nke United Nations; n'ụzọ bụ isi SDG 2 na Zero Hunger: "Kwụsị agụụ, nweta nchekwa nri na mmezi nri, ma kwalite ọrụ ugbo na-adịgidere; ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke nwere ihe mgbaruzu 17 zuru ụwa ọnụ iji bụrụ "ihe ịrịba ama iji nweta ọdịnihu ka mma na-adịwanye mma maka ụmụ mmadụ niile na mbara ala anyị; nke United Nations General Assembly malitere na ebumnuche anyị; nke UN nwetara na 2030; nke United States nwetara; nke United<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriaindustrialdigest.com/tag/association-of-agricultural-and-industrial-entrepreneurs-of-nigeria|title=Association of Agricultural and Industrial Entrepreneurs of Nigeria|publisher=Nigeria Industrial Digest|accessdate=28 February 2020|archivedate=28 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228161106/https://nigeriaindustrialdigest.com/tag/association-of-agricultural-and-industrial-entrepreneurs-of-nigeria/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agribiz.info/tag/agricultural-and-industrial-entrepreneurs-of-nigeria-aien|title=Farmers Embrace SMEs Clusters to Create Jobs|publisher=AgriBiz Information|accessdate=28 February 2020|archivedate=28 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228161102/https://agribiz.info/tag/agricultural-and-industrial-entrepreneurs-of-nigeria-aien}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Wachuku duziri AIEN: Ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọchụnta ego nke Naijiria malitere atụmatụ a na-akpọ Agricultural and Industrial Clusters na mpaghara gọọmentị mpaghara 774 niile nke Naijeria, iji mepụta ọrụ na ọrụ ugbo dịgide adịgide na ụzọ dị irè nke ndụ. Site na RMRDC: Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Wachuku's AIEN bịanyere aka na US $ 41 nde (Naira ijeri iri na ise) MoU: Memorandum of Understanding to fast-track agricultural industry industry, and available of raw materials to promote friendly sustainable agriculture, soil improvement, cropening, agriculture business, work creation, climate, green, renewable farming methods, nutrition and food security in Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/raw-materials-get-n15b|title=Raw Materials Get NGN 15 Billion Naira|publisher=The Nation Online Nigeria|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/07/how-a-i-e-n-rmrdc-partnership-ll-fast-track-industrialization-chuku-wachuku|title=How AIEN-RMRDC Partnership Will Fast-track Industrialization: Chuku Wachuku|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper Nigeria|accessdate=28 February 2020}}</ref> == Onye isi oche NASSI == Ọrụ Wachuku na-arụ kwa ụbọchị n'ịhụ ndị isi ndị ọrụ, n'oge ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi ala nke Njikọ Naịjirịa nke Ndị na-emepụta obere ụlọ ọrụ na-enyere aka ịzụlite akụ na ụba Naịjiria. Ebumnuche nke a bụ ikpochapụ ịda ogbenye n'etiti ụmụ amaala, yana ichebe ọdịmma nke obere azụmaahịa niile. O mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke oku onye isi ala iji jide n'aka na a kwadoro echiche maka ịdị adị NASSI ma gbanwee ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/mobile/business/money/13694-industrialists-seek-easy-access-to-n200b-sme-fund.html|title=Industrialists seek easy access to N200b SME fund|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=12 April 2014}}</ref> E guzobere na 1978, NASSI: Njikọ Naịjirịa nke Ndị Na-emepụta Obere Ụlọ Ọrụ na-eme ihe iji gboo mkpa nke ndị na-emepụta obere azụmaahịa site n'inye nkwado mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba maka ndị otu ya. NASSI na-ahazi ogbako nnyefe ihe ọmụma, nzukọ, ihe ngosi, azụmahịa na njem ọmụmụ, gụnyere inye ọrụ ndụmọdụ maka ndị otu na ndị mmadụ niile dị mkpa na azụmaahịa. Ọzọkwa, njikọ ahụ na-enye ozi gbasara ụkpụrụ mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ achọrọ, isi iyi nke ihe ndị a na-emepụta, ọnọdụ ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ dịnụ. NASSI na-enye ndị otu micro credit ụlọ ọrụ ma mgbe ụfọdụ na-eguzo dị ka ndị na-akwado SMEs a kwadoro ma tụkwasị obi na mmekọrịta ha na ụlọ ọrụ ego. Njikọ ahụ na-ejikọ ndị otu ya na ohere dị iche iche na Naịjirịa na mba ụwa. Ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkwado siri ike maka ndị otu ya megide iwu ọha na eze na-adịghị mma bụkwa akụkụ nke ọrụ NASSI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaeafrica.org/start/role-of-industrial-associations-and-support-agencies-for-enterprise-development-in-nigeria|title=Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists|publisher=Association of African Entrepreneurs|accessdate=12 April 2014}}</ref> === Ọrụ nkwa === N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2011, Wachuku kwupụtara na Lagos, na NASSI na-amalite ọrụ a kwadoro maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu ya, na-ekwu na ebumnuche mmemme ahụ bụ iji mejupụta oghere maka ndị otu na-enweghị nkwado iji kwado atụmatụ ha na ụlọ akụ. O kwusiri ike na NASSI ga-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa maka ịnweta ego site na obere ụlọ ọrụ, na-ekwusi ike na NAS SI na-ele ụzọ isi nweta US $ 1.2 ijeri ma ọ bụ 200 ijeri naira SMSEs: obere na nke etiti ụlọ ọrụ nke Central Bank of Nigeria wepụtara. Wachuku kwuru, sị: "Achọrọ m ijide n'aka na gọọmentị ghọtara na injin nke uto nke akụ na ụba ọ bụla dabere na SMEs. Ọ bụ ọrụ m ịmalite ma gwa ndị mmadụ na ntụziaka iwu nke NASSI bụ ime ka ego dị na SMEs. Achọrọ m ijide n'aka na ndị otu anyị na-edozi enweghị nkwado nke na a na-enye ndị na-agbazinye ego obere ego.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/nassi-to-launch-loans-for-member-firms/88375|title=NASSI to Launch Loans for Member Firms|publisher=This Day Live|accessdate=12 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413140653/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/nassi-to-launch-loans-for-member-firms/88375|archivedate=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/07/electricity-tariff-man-lcci-want-concession-for-members|title=Electricity tariff: MAN, LCCI want concession for members|publisher=Daily Independent Nigeria|accessdate=12 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403101943/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/07/electricity-tariff-man-lcci-want-concession-for-members/|archivedate=3 April 2015}}</ref> === Nkwekọrịta NERFUND === N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2011, Wachuku duuru NASSI gaa na nkwekọrịta dị mma na National Economic Reconstruction Fund (NERFUND) nke Naịjirịa, iji nyere aka kwado ọrụ maka ndị otu NASSI. A bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nghọta n'etiti onye isi nchịkwa nke NERFUND, Alhaji Baba Maina Gimba na Wachuku. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ, a chọrọ ka NASSI gosipụta ọrụ ndị chọrọ ego na NERFUND, n'ihi ya, NERFOND ga-enyocha ma kesaa ego enyemaka; yana ịnshọransị azụmahịa niile. N'emume ịbịanye aka, Wachuku jụrụ "mba nke nde mmadụ 167 nwere ihe dị ka nde ụlọ ọrụ 59 nke obere ụlọ ọrụ, nwere naanị ụlọ ọrụ mmepe ego atọ na-arụ ọrụ (DFIs) ", na-ekwu na o zuru oke, ma na-akpọ maka ndị DFIs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/12/nassi-partners-nerfund-on-project-funding|title=NASSI partners NERFUND on project funding|publisher=Vanguard Media Limited, Nigeria|accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201201050495.html|title=Nigeria: NASSI Signs Funding Agreement With NERFUND|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=12 April 2014}}</ref> === Alụmdi na nwunye siri ike === N'ụzọ dị mma, Wachuku anọwo na-agbasi mbọ ike maka mmezu nke ike eletrik kwụsiri ike na [[Naijiria]]; na-ekwusi ike na kemgbe 1999 ọbịbịa nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mba ahụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ anọwo na'okpuru ikike n'ihi ike eletrik na-adịghị akwụsi ike, ego ezughi oke na ụgwọ ọrụ na-atụ egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/multi-billion-naira-domestic-aluminium-industry-under-siege|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610010423/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/multi-billion-naira-domestic-aluminium-industry-under-siege/|archivedate=10 June 2013|title=Multi billion naira domestic aluminium industry under siege|publisher=National Mirror|accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Not-Darkest-Africa-but-Darkest-Nigeria-120-Million-Without-Electricity.html|title=Not Darkest Africa, but Darkest Nigeria – 120 Million Without Electricity|publisher=OilPrice|accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref> O kwuru na oke ọkụ eletrik ezughi oke emeela ka mmefu azụmaahịa dịkwuo elu, belata mmepụta ihe na mbelata uto akụ na ụba na Naịjirịa, na-amanye mmechi nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ / na ịkwaga ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na mba ndị agbata obi. Wachuku kwuru na: "ọchịchịrị na-emetụta akụ na ụba n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, nke na-alụso njikọta nke uto nwayọ ọgụ, ego na-adịghị ike, ịrị elu nke ọnụ ahịa na mmetụta nke idei mmiri nke a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eme ka ọnụ ahịa nri dị elu. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/06/07/real-sector-is-still-crawling|title=Real Sector is Still Crawling|publisher=Nigeria Intel|accessdate=14 April 2014|archivedate=16 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416085210/http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/06/07/real-sector-is-still-crawling/}}</ref> === Ọrụ maka nkwado ndị ntorobịa === Iji jide n'aka na gọọmentị na-akwado ụzọ na ikike dị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ onwe iji nye ndị ntorobịa ọrụ na Naịjirịa ike ma mepụta ọrụ bụ otu n'ime ụkpụrụ Wachuku na-arụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/06/stakeholders-appraise-fgs-job-creation-initiatives|title=Stakeholders appraise FG's job creation initiatives|publisher=Vanguard Media|accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref> N'okwu Nọvemba 2011 nke akpọrọ: Investment Climate: What is the Weather in Nigeria, nke e gosipụtara na [[Ikeja]], Lagos SOFFE: Sam Ohuabunwa Foundation for Economic Empowerment [http://sofee.org.ng], Wachuku tụgharịrị uche na ọhụụ ya na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta ọrụ maka ndị ntorobịa Naijiria. Dị ka o si kwuo, "a ga-enye ngalaba onwe onye ikike ka ukwuu iji duzie ihe ndị na-emetụta ike ndị ntorobịa na ịmepụta ọrụ. N'ihe banyere nke a, NASSI ga-eduga atụmatụ netwọk nke ga-agụnye òtù ndị metụtara uru yana steeti na gọọmentị ime obodo. NASSI ga-, site na mmekorita a, dozie nsogbu na ihe ndị na-emegide uto nke SMEIs ma rụọ ọrụ dị mma na nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ga-eme ka uto nke SEMI pụta ìhè. Gọọmentị enweghị ike ịmepụta ọrụ n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ dị mkpa ịkwalite mmepụta ma hụ na obere ụlọ ọrụ na-enye pasent 90 ruo 95 na GDP. Ọ bụ ya mere m ji jụọ gị, gọọmentị nwere ike ịmepụta ọrụ n'ezie? Azịza m maka ajụjụ a bụ ee e! Ana m ekwu okwu dị ka ọkachamara n'okwu a. Ụzọ ọzọ m maara na-adịgide adịgide bụ ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa dị ike nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye, nke a na-akwalite ma na-adabere na obere ụlọ ọrụ na ngalaba na-abụghị nke gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zumalist.com/nassi-tasks-govt-on-job-creation-for-youths_n2552.html|title=Government Tasked on Creating Capacity for Youth Jobs by Private Sector|publisher=Zuma List|accessdate=14 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415014329/http://zumalist.com/nassi-tasks-govt-on-job-creation-for-youths_n2552.html|archivedate=15 April 2014}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, n'ajụjụ ọnụ June 2012 site na Vanguard Daily Newspaper nke Naijiria, Wachuku kwusiri ike mkpa dị mkpa maka ọrụ na inye ndị ntorobịa ike, n'okwu ndị a: "Naijiria kwesịrị ịmepụta ihe na-erughị nde ọrụ ise kwa afọ iji gboo mkpa ọrụ nke ndị na-eto eto ya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/06/job-creation-fg-in-the-right-direction-experts|title=Job creation: FG in the right direction – Experts|publisher=Vanguard Media|accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref> === SMEs na ụlọ akụ === Site n'ịgbanwe agbanwe, Wachuku emeela ka ụwa mara na ụlọ akụ Naijiria na-akwụ ụgwọ "ọrụ egbugbere ọnụ" iji kwado SMEs n'ụzọ dị irè: obere na ụlọ ọrụ dị n'etiti na nke a na-akpọ "nnukwu" mba Afrịka. Ọ na-ekwusi ike na, na mba ọ bụla, ụlọ akụ kwesịrị ịbụ ndị mmekọ na-enyere aka na mmepe akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide maka uru dị irè nke azụmaahịa na-apụta na ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://my.naijadailies.com/News/Similar?t=Banks%20only%20pay%20lip%20service%20to%20funding%20SMEs%27%20NASSI%20president&cat=3|title=Lip Service by Banks to Funding SMEs – NASSI President|publisher=Nigerian Dailies|accessdate=16 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417040424/http://my.naijadailies.com/News/Similar?t=Banks%20only%20pay%20lip%20service%20to%20funding%20SMEs%27%20NASSI%20president&cat=3|archivedate=17 April 2014}}</ref> N'ajụjụ ọnụ February 2014 o nyere The Punch, Wachuku kwuru, sị: "Anyị chọrọ ịgbakwunye uru site na inweta nkà. Mana n'ime nke a, anyị achọpụtala na nsogbu bụ isi bụ inweta ego na ọnụego ọmụrụ nwa dị ọnụ ala. Gọọmentị etiti na-ekwu maka nke a na ụlọ akụ na-ekwukwa maka ya. Mana achọrọ m ikwu ebe a na ụlọ akụ Naijiria abaghị uru. Ha na-ekwu mgbe niile na ego dị. Ebee ka ego ahụ dị? Enweghị obere onye na-emepụta ihe nke na-abanye n'ụlọ akụ ma nweta ego mgbazinye. O siri ike maka ndị SMEs inweta ego n'aka ụlọ akụ n'ihi na ha na-achọ mgbe niile maka nkwado. Ihe nkwado ha na-arịọ karịrị uru nke mgbazinye ego. Ya mere, ụlọ akụ anaghị achọ ịgbazinye obere azụmaahịa ma ọlị. Ha na-ekwu na ngalaba a nwere ihe ize ndụ. Ha nwere ike ikwu na ha enyewo ego ole na ole dị ka mgbazinye ego nye SMEs; mana ị ga-achọpụta na nke a abụghị eziokwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, gịnị ka mgbazinye ego a na-enye mmadụ 2,000 na mba nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 167 nwere ike ime? Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpeazụ nke National Bureau of Statistics mere gosiri na e nwere ihe dị ka nde mmadụ iri na asaa na-emepụta obere ụlọ ọrụ na Naịjirịa ma ị na-ekwu maka inye mmadụ puku abụọ ike site na ịgbazinye ego. Gịnị bụ nke ahụ? Ya mere, ụlọ akụ Naijiria na-akwụ ụgwọ ọrụ egbugbere ọnụ iji kwado SMEs. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/business/sundayceo/banks-only-pay-lip-service-to-funding-smes-nassi-president|title=Banks only pay lip service to funding SMEs – NASSI president|publisher=Punch Nigeria Limited|accessdate=16 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416012842/http://www.punchng.com/business/sundayceo/banks-only-pay-lip-service-to-funding-smes-nassi-president/|archivedate=16 April 2014}}</ref> === Gọvanọ CBN === Dị ka onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ego na onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, Wachuku, na Febụwarị 2014, ndị mgbasa ozi kpọrọ ya ka ọ kwuo maka nkwụsịtụ nke onye isi ala [[Goodluck Jonathan]] nke gọvanọ Central Bank of Nigeria, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi. O kwupụtara echiche akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya dị ka ndị a: "Sanusi ekwesịghị ịbụ abụ dị iche na nke Onye isi ala n'ihu ọha. Dị ka onye isi ọrụ gọọmentị nke rụrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na ngalaba ụlọ akụ nke mba ahụ, ihe o kwesịrị ime bụ ịgwa onye isi ya okwu ma nye ya ndụmọdụ na nzuzo. Ọ bụ ihe na-ezighi ezi maka ya ịgakwuru ndị mgbasa ozi iji bụrụ abụ dị iche iche. Ọ dịghị onye isi ala ọ bụla n'ụwa ga-ekwe ka nke ahụ. Otú ọ dị, nkwụsịtụ Sanusi nwere ike ịmepụta mgbagwoju anya nke akụ na ụba ma kpatara ụfọdụ ọgba aghara na akụ na ụba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/02/26/financial-experts-divided-on-sanusis-suspension|title=Financial Experts Divided on Sanusi's Suspension|publisher=Tide News|accessdate=16 April 2014|archivedate=17 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417165656/http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/02/26/financial-experts-divided-on-sanusis-suspension/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://metrowatchonline.com/sanusi-president-acted-within-the-ambit-of-his-statutory-function-says-senate|title=President Jonathan Acted Within the Ambit of His Statutory Function|publisher=Metrowatch|accessdate=16 April 2014|archivedate=17 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417223845/http://metrowatchonline.com/sanusi-president-acted-within-the-ambit-of-his-statutory-function-says-senate/}}</ref> === First Bank MoU === N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, Wachuku mechiri Memorandum of Understanding ndokwa maka mmemme ego ọhụrụ nke SMEs n'etiti Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists na First Bank of Nigeria. Banyere mmemme ọhụrụ ahụ, Wachuku kọwara, sị: "enweghị ike ịnweta ego a ga-akwụ ụgwọ na ọnụego ọmụrụ nwa dị ọnụ ala na nke bara uru bụ ihe ọjọọ nke obere ụlọ ọrụ na mba ahụ. Ana m ekele ụlọ akụ mbụ nke Naịjirịa maka ọrụ ha na-eme ka ụzọ dị ọkụ. Tupu anyị eruo na First Bank, anyị abịakwutewo ọtụtụ ụlọ akụ, mana nchegbu ha bụ isi na naanị uru. Ya mere, ọ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na First Bank, dị ka ụlọ akụ na-eduga, kwenyere n'ezie na aro anyị. Omume a sitere na First Bank bụ nke nwere ịnụ ọkụ n'obi ịhụ mba n'anya, ebe ọ nwere ike ịgbanwe ọrụ nke obere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na site n'ịgbasa akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa n'ozuzu ya. Onye isi nchịkwa nke ụlọ akụ ahụ ugbu a, Maazị Bisi Onasanya, nyere nkwado na-enweghị isi maka ọrụ ahụ. Onasanya hụrụ ya dị ka ọrụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na akụ na ụba.Gọọmentị n'onwe ya kwenyere na ngalaba onwe onye na-enye ihe dị ka pasent 90 na Gross Domestic Product nke mba ahụ. Site na SMEs na-emepụta ihe dị ka pasent 65 nke ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe, mmadụ nwere ike iche n'echiche mmetụta nke mgbanwe ọhụrụ a site na First Bank ga-enwe na akụ na ụba. N'ịga n'ihu, o kwuru na "ụlọ akụ dị na mba ahụ, ruo ogologo oge, bụ akụkụ nke nsogbu nke ezigbo ngalaba, na-ekwu na ha ga-ahọrọ itinye aka na njem njem na ịgbazinye ego nwa oge maka ọrụ azụmahịa, karịa ịgbazinye azụmaahịa nwere ọrụ mmepụta. Ọ bụ n'ìhè a ka a na-aja ntụgharị ọhụrụ ahụ mma maka iṅomi ụlọ akụ ndị ọzọ. First Bank, site na General Managing Director ya ugbu a, egosila àgwà pụrụ iche maka nsogbu nke obere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Echere m na Maazị Onasanya kwesịrị otuto niile. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/business/industry/nassi-first-bank-commence-disbursement-of-low-interest-loan|title=NASSI, First Bank commence disbursement of low-interest loan|publisher=Punch|accessdate=17 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419060132/http://www.punchng.com/business/industry/nassi-first-bank-commence-disbursement-of-low-interest-loan/|archivedate=19 April 2014}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ Chuku == Onye isi ochie, Mrs. Lilly Wachuku, bụ nne Chukumere Anaba Ndubuisi Wachuku, na ụmụnne ya: Obimndi Wachuku, Nne Wachuku, Mrs. Nne Stanley Onyemerekeya, Okey Wachuku na Anaba Wachuku. Onye isi Benjamin Anaba Ndubuisi Wachuku, nwa Eze Josaiah Ndubuisi Tachuku, bụ nna Chukumere Anaba Ndubiisi Wachuku na ụmụnne ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/abia-2015-charter-equity-makes-ukwa-ngwas-case-nkire|title=Chief B. A. Wachuku: Abia 2015: Charter of equity makes Ukwa-Ngwa's case – Nkire|publisher=Vanguard Media Nigeria|accessdate=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Working%20Papers/Round%202/johnson1/johnson1.pdf|title=Chief Benjamin Anaba Wachuku: B. A. Wachuku: Cooperative Bank of Eastern Nigeria in Economic Development Institute Director's End of Tour Report: 18 March 1963 - 30 September 1964|publisher=Michigan State University: USA|accessdate=2 March 2020}}</ref> Wachuku lụrụ onye bụbu Miss Ngozi Abengowe, ugbu a Mrs. Ngozi Wachuku, ha nwekwara ụmụ anọ, ụmụ nwoke niile bụ: Onyema Wachuku, Anaba Wachuku, Ikechukwu Wachuku na Kelechi Wachuku. Site na 2019 ruo 2021, nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Chuku Wachuku, Onyema bụ Kọmishọna maka Mmepe nke Obere na Obere Ụlọ Ọrụ Naịjirịa, na mgbe ọ dị afọ 35, ka ọ na-erule 2019, ọ bụ Kọmishịn kacha nta na Abia Steeti, Naịjirị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independent.ng/ikpeazu-dissolves-cabinet|title=Ikpeazu Dissolves Cabinet|publisher=Independent Newspapers|accessdate=6 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newscritic.com.ng/2019/09/03/onyema-wachukwu-meet-the-35-year-old-abia-youngest-commissioner-nominee|title=Onyema Wachuku: Meet The 35-Year Old Abia Youngest Commissioner Nominee|publisher=News Critic|accessdate=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peopleandpolitics.com.ng/2019/10/35-years-old-abia-sme-commissioner.html|title=Onyema Wachuku: 35 Years Old Abia SMEs Commissioner Resumes Duty|publisher=People and Politics|accessdate=7 February 2020|archivedate=7 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207140515/https://www.peopleandpolitics.com.ng/2019/10/35-years-old-abia-sme-commissioner.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fmic.gov.ng/governor-ikpeazu-inaugurates-abia-sme-microfinance-bank-in-aba-flags-off-10-million-naira-micro-credit-scheme|title=Governor-Ikpeazu Inaugurates Abia SMEs Microfinance Bank in Aba: Flags-off 10 Million Naira Cicro Credit Scheme|publisher=FMIC: Federal Ministry of Information and Culture: Nigeria|accessdate=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207140520/https://fmic.gov.ng/governor-ikpeazu-inaugurates-abia-sme-microfinance-bank-in-aba-flags-off-10-million-naira-micro-credit-scheme/|archive-date=7 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abiastate.gov.ng/news/abia-state-government-welcomes-the-partnership-of-sterling-bank-on-the-promotion-of-made-in-aba-products|title=Abia State Government Welcomes Partnership of Sterling Bank on Promotion of Made in Aba Products|publisher=Abia State Government Nigeria|accessdate=2 March 2020|archivedate=2 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302163009/http://www.abiastate.gov.ng/news/abia-state-government-welcomes-the-partnership-of-sterling-bank-on-the-promotion-of-made-in-aba-products}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/gov-ikpeazu-forwards-commissioners-designate-list-to-assembly/|title=Governor Ikpeazu Forwards Commissioners Designate List to Assembly|publisher=Punch Newspaper Nigeria|accessdate=2 March 2020}}</ref> Wachuku lụrụ Gayle Elaine Mcmillian n'oge gara aga. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ mụrụ ụmụ abụọ: nwa mbụ ya, Chukumere Wachuku, Jr., na naanị nwa ya nwanyị, Tuwuoanidiari Elaine Onyinyechi Wachuku. == Hụkwa == * Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Naịjirịa * Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku * Jaja Wachuku * [[Nwabueze Nwokolo|Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku]] == Ihe odide == <references responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240305045935/https://aiennigeria.org/index.html AIEN: Njikọ nke Ọrụ Ugbo na Ndị Ọchụnta ego nke Naịjirịa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140401182235/http://www.rmrdc.gov.ng/profiles?page=boarddetails&profilecode=21 Profaịlụ RMRDC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407065415/http://www.naseni.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19&Itemid=16 Kọmitii Na-achị NASENI] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506113955/https://nde.gov.ng/about-nde/ NDE: National Directorate of Employment: Nigeria]  {{DEFAULTSORT:Wachuku, Chuku}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] my7a0qgq0agp3zgxgd0wr3jjfhvcosi Chris Igwe 0 31363 741476 579898 2026-10-24T00:40:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=National Honour Award|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/docs_download/LIST%20OF%20NOMINEES%20FOR%20NATIONAL%20HONOUR%20AWARD.pdf|work=The Premium Times}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=NewsDirect|date=3 October 2022|title=62nd independence anniversary: Buhari to honour Ooni, Elumelu, Ovia, Wigwe, 433 others|url=https://nigeriannewsdirect.com/62nd-independence-anniversary-buhari-to-honour-ooni-elumelu-ovia-wigwe-433-others/|accessdate=2023-04-10|work=Nigeriannewsdirectcom|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410081406/https://nigeriannewsdirect.com/62nd-independence-anniversary-buhari-to-honour-ooni-elumelu-ovia-wigwe-433-others/}}</ref>Prince Chris Odinaka Igwe OFR bụ onye Naijiria ọchụnta ego na onye ọchụnta ego.  Ọ bụ onye isi njikwa na onye isi ụzọ nke Mainland Oil and Gas Company Limited [1] [2] na onye isi oche nke Chrisnak Groups Limited.  [3] [4] [5] Ọ bụkwa onye nnata nke onye ọrụ Order of the Federal Republic National Award == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=16 October 2021|title=The Sun Award Winners 2020: Chris Igwe: From a little acorn to mighty oak|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-sun-award-winners-2020-chris-igwe-from-a-little-acorn-to-mighty-oak/|accessdate=2023-04-10|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mainland Oil and Gas {{!}}{{!}} Welcome|url=https://mainlandoil.com/management_ceo.php|accessdate=2023-04-10|work=mainlandoil.com|archivedate=2023-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410081741/https://mainlandoil.com/management_ceo.php}}</ref>Chris Igwe na 16 February 1970 na Umunneochi Local Government Area nke Abia State .  [1] O Core Diploma Ordinary National Diploma na Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State na 1996. N'afọ 2015, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Lagos State University ebe e nyere ya nzere bachelọ nke ihe na-akpata nsogbu.  N'afọ 2016, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Lagos Business School ebe e nyere ya ụkpụrụ postgraduate na akwụkwọ Onye njikwa ihe.  N'afọ 2019, o nchekwa nzere Dọkịta Sayensị nke Sayensị na Human Resources na Mahadum Wesley, Ondo State na ọ bụkwa nwata akwụkwọ nke Harvard Business School, US ebe e nyere ndụ post graduate na Onye nwe President Management Course. == Ọrụ azụmahịa == . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Admin|date=2023-04-09|title=The Business Colossus and Compassionate Philanthropist: Dr. Chris Igwe, OFR - Generational Role Model and Pacesetter in Nigeria|url=https://communityreporters.com.ng/2023/04/09/the-business-colossus-and-compassionate-philanthropist-dr-chris-igwe-ofr-generational-role-model-and-pacesetter-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2023-04-18|work=Communityreporters|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418112859/https://communityreporters.com.ng/2023/04/09/the-business-colossus-and-compassionate-philanthropist-dr-chris-igwe-ofr-generational-role-model-and-pacesetter-in-nigeria/}}</ref>Chris Igwe malite ọrụ ya na Nanac Enterprises Limited dị n'Owerri dịka onye na-ere aha onwe ya ma mechaa rute n'ọkwa onye isi njikwa.  N'afọ 1992, ọ pụtara ụlọ ọrụ mbụ ya Chrisnak Conglomerate - ụlọ ọrụ na-azụ aha nwere nke nnwere onwe N10,000 isi obodo wee ikike ya bụ bụrụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ tupu ọrụ ọrụ ga na mbupu na ibu na ngwa agha.  [1] [2] Mgbe e ịhụ, Igwe hibere ụlọ ọrụ ndị ozi egwu, Mainland Oil and Gas na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara mgbada, etiti na elu akụkụ na gas nwere nhọrọ, Newcore International Energy Limited lekwasịrị anya n'ịzụ na  ọrụ tank-ugbo maka nchekwa nchekwa mpaghara ala na mpaghara ala iyi.  ;  Onye ọrụ Chrisnak International Shipping Limited na-enye Nkwado ụgbọ mmiri na ngwa ngwa nye ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna na ndị na-aja ndị ọzọ.  [2] ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ Chrisnak Industries Limited lekwasịrị anya na ikike nke polymerizing vinyl chloride na lubricants, Chrisnak Properties Limited na-enye ọrụ ụlọ na Chrisnak Farms Limited nke ahụ ubi cashew dị hectare 150 na Isuochi, Umunneochi, Abia State iji kwado kwado.  ọrịa mba nke site na akụkụ.  aku na uba na oru ugbo na agha. == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=gloriaabiakam|date=16 October 2021|title=SUN Newspaper Awards... Ikpeazu Salutes Speaker Chinedum Orji and Prince Chris Odinaka Igwe|url=https://fmic.gov.ng/sun-newspaper-awards-ikpeazu-salutes-speaker-chinedum-orji-and-prince-chris-odinaka-igwe/|accessdate=2023-04-10|work=Federal Ministry of Information and Culture|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410141629/https://fmic.gov.ng/sun-newspaper-awards-ikpeazu-salutes-speaker-chinedum-orji-and-prince-chris-odinaka-igwe/|archive-date=2023-04-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>Chris Igwe natara ihe nrite nke onye na-egosi ego n'afọ site n'ịsụgharị The Sun na 2020 ma na 2022 ọ natara ihe nrite Nigeria National award, onye ọrụ Order of the Federal Republic <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Sun Award Reward for Good Deed|url=https://blog.independent.ng/index.php/2021/10/14/the-sun-award-reward-for-good-deeds-igwe/|work=Independent NG}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Igwe, Chris}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] aokmstjgg6o753midh7um3l6dzyy9d9 Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ 0 32289 741443 142218 2026-10-24T00:12:46Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Clima_monzónico_Koppen-Geiger.png|thumb| Mpaghara gburugburu ụwa nke ihu igwe udu mmiri (Am).]] mgbaàmà nke ihu igwe udu mmiri (nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka sub-equatorial, ihu igwe igwe ma ọ bụ oke mmiri ozuzo na ikuku ikuku ) bụ ụdị ihu igwe nke dabara na ngalaba nhazi ihu igwe nke Köppen Am .  Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke udu mmiri na-enwe oke mpaghara 18 kwa ọnwa n'afọ ọ gbasara n'afọ na oge ọkọchị.  [1] : 200–1 Ihu igwe udu mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ihu igwe etiti dị n'etiti ihu igwe Af (ma ọ bụ oke ọkụ mmiri ozuzo ) na drier Aw (ma ọ bụ ihu igwe savanna ụdị ). tropical monsoon climate's driest month has on average less than 60&nbsp;mm, but more than <math display="inline">100-\left(\frac{Total\ Annual\ Precipitation\ (mm)}{25}\right)</math>.<ref name="McKnight2">{{cite book|last1=McKnight|first1=Tom L|last2=Hess|first2=Darrel|year=2000|chapter=Climate Zones and Types|title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-020263-5|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn}}</ref> This is in direct contrast to a tropical savanna climate, whose driest month has less than 60&nbsp;mm of precipitation and also less than <math display="inline">100-\left(\frac{Total\ Annual\ Precipitation\ (mm)}{25}\right)</math><ref name="McKnight2">{{cite book|last1=McKnight|first1=Tom L|last2=Hess|first2=Darrel|year=2000|chapter=Climate Zones and Types|title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-020263-5|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn}}</ref> <math display="inline">100-\left(\frac{Total\ Annual\ Precipitation\ (mm)}{25}\right)</math> of average monthly precipitation. In essence, a tropical monsoon climate tends to either have more rainfall than a tropical savanna climate or have less pronounced dry seasons. A tropical monsoon climate tends to vary less in temperature during a year than does a tropical savanna climate. This climate has a driest month which nearly always occurs at or soon after the winter solstice.. <ref name="McKnight">{{Cite book|author=McKnight|first=Tom L|year=2000|chapter=Climate Zones and Types|title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-020263-5|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn}}</ref> == Ụdịdị == * Oge ọkọchị a na-akpọchaghị. Mpaghara ndị nwere mgbanwe a nke ihu igwe udu mmiri na-ahụkarị oke mmiri ozuzo n'oge oge mmiri, na-adịkarị n'ụdị égbè eluigwe. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ugwu savanna na-ekpo ọkụ, oke mmiri ozuzo na-adakwa n'oge ọkọchị. N'ezie, ụdị ihu igwe udu mmiri a na-enwekarị oge ọkọchị nke a na-akpọchaghị karịa ka ihu igwe okpomọkụ nke savanna. * Oge mmiri na-ezo n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na oge akpọrọ ọkọchị. Ọdịiche a na-egosipụta oge ọkọchị akpọrọ n'ogologo yana agwa ya na oge ọkọchị nke a na-ahụ na ihu igwe okpomọkụ nke savanna. Nke a na-esote ogologo oge (ma ọ bụ ogologo oge) nke oke mmiri ozuzo. N'ụfọdụ oge, ruo (na mgbe ụfọdụ karịa) 1,000&nbsp;A na-ahụ mmịkọ mmiri ozuzo kwa ọnwa maka ọnwa abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'usoro. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke savanna n'ozuzu anaghị ahụ oke mmiri ozuzo na-adịgide adịgide. [[Usòrò:AtardecerRioMAgdalena.jpg|thumb| .gbara Magdalena na Honda, Colombia]] A na-ahụkarị udu mmiri oyi na Africa (West na Central Africa), Asia (South na Southeast Asia), etiti South America na Central America.  Ọnọdụ ihu igwe a na-emekwa na mpaghara Caribbean, North America, na ugwu Australia. .Isi ihe na-achịkwa ihu igwe udo mmiri bụ ya na mgbasa nke udu mmiri .  Udu mmiri bụ odi n'oge n'elele ikuku.  N'Eshia, n'oge ọkọchị (ma ọ bụ oge anwụ na-achasi ike) ikuku nke dị n'ikpere mmirika (ikuku na-esi n'oké osimiri na-aga n'ala).  N'oge "oyi" (ma ọ bụ obere oge anwụ) ikuku ikuku nke dị n'elu osimiri (ikuku na-esi n'ala na-aga na mmiri) na-e nyocha.  Mgbanwe na ụmụ bụ n'ihi na ụzọ dị na ụzọ mmiri na ala akụ. Ụdị mgbanwe na agbanwe nke na- mmetụta oge mmiri mmiri na-emekwa n'Africa n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-iche iche na otu o si arụ na Eshia.  N'ime oge anwụ na-achasi ike, mpaghara mpaghara nke etiti (ITCZ) na-ebute mmiri mmiri.  N'ime oge anwụ dị ala, ebe ebe dị elu na-ahụ ọnọdụ akọrọ.  Ọnọdụ ihu igwe udu mmiri nke Africa, na America maka nke ahụ, na-ịchọ n'ụdị oke osimiri.<div>{{col-begin|width=75%}} {{col-1-of-2}} '''Asia''' * [[Alor Setar]], [[Kedah]], [[Malaysia]] * [[Batticaloa]], [[Sri Lanka]] * [[Calamba, Philippines]] * [[Cà Mau]], [[Vietnam]] * [[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]] * [[Da Nang]], [[Vietnam]] * [[Hat Yai]], [[Thailand]] * [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] * [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] * [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]] * [[Malé]], [[Maldives]] * [[Mangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]] * [[Manila, Philippines]] * [[Narathiwat]], [[Thailand]] * [[Pattani, Thailand|Pattani]], [[Thailand]] * [[Pingtung County|Pingtung]], [[Taiwan]] * [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] * [[Semarang]], [[Indonesia]] * [[Sihanoukville (city)|Sihanoukville]], [[Cambodia]] * [[Sylhet]], [[Bangladesh]] * [[Taitung County|Taitung]], [[Taiwan]] * [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] *[[Wanning]], [[China]] * [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]] * [[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]] {{col-2-of-2}} '''Oceania''' * [[Cairns]], [[Queensland]], [[Australia]] * [[Port Moresby]], [[Papua New Guinea]] '''Africa''' * [[Bata, Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Conakry]], [[Guinea]] * [[Douala]], [[Cameroon]] * [[Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]] * [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]] * [[Port Harcourt]], [[Nigeria]] '''The Americas''' * [[Macapá]], [[Amapá]], [[Brazil]] * [[Barrancabermeja, Colombia|Barrancabermeja]], [[Colombia]] * [[Miami]], [[Florida]], [[United States]] * [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], [[United States]] * [[Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] * [[Villahermosa]], [[Mexico]] * [[Villavicencio]], [[Colombia]] {{col-end}} === Select charts === {{climate chart|[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]|15|27|5|19|30|28|24|35|64|26|39.0|150|24|35.0|264|25|34|533|26.0|38|597|24|33|518|24|33|320|23|32|180|17|32|56|14|24|15|source=BBC<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002030 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060311002800/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002030 | archive-date=11 March 2006 | title=Average Conditions - Chittagong, Bangladesh | publisher=BBC Weather | access-date=25 June 2018 }}</ref>|float=left|clear=none}} {{climate chart|[[Conakry]], [[Guinea]]|19|32.2|1|20.2|33.1|1|21.2|33.4|3|22|33.6|22|20.7|33.2|137|20.2|31.8|396|20.4|30.2|1130|20.8|29.9|1104|20.7|30.6|617|20.4|30.9|295|21|32|70|20.1|32.2|8|maxprecip=1200|float=left|clear=none|source=HK<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/w_afr/conakry_e.htm |title=Climatological Normals of Conakry |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |access-date=2014-02-12 }}</ref>}} {{climate chart|[[Miami]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]|15.1|24.0|51.1|15.8|24.7|52.8|17.9|26.2|60.7|19.9|28.0|72.4|22.3|29.6|157.7|23.9|30.9|237.0|24.6|31.7|144.8|24.8|31.7|192.5|24.4|31.0|193.8|22.3|29.2|143.3|19.3|26.9|67.6|16.4|24.8|46.5|source=WMO<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldweather.org/093/c00267.htm#climate | title=Weather Information for Miami, Florida | publisher=World Meteorological Organization | access-date=25 June 2018 }}</ref>|float=left|clear=none}} {{Clear}} == See also == * Tropical climate * Tropical rainforest climate * Tropical savanna climate * Köppen climate classification == References == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{Koppen}} {{Seasons}} {{Authority control}} </div> azgp7abm0n9upabslal0tcvy52jhqfu DynaMo 0 32636 741492 739297 2026-10-24T06:13:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741492 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Infobox television | italic_title = <!-- defaults to yes, if left blank --> | image_upright = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = Title card with DynaMo ''(left)'' and SloMo ''(right)'' | alt_name = | native_name = | genre = Educational | creator = | based_on = <!-- {{Based on|work|author}} --> | inspired_by = <!-- {{Based on|work|author}} --> | developer = BBC | writer = | screenplay = | story = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | starring = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | judges = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | voices = [[Michael Fenton-Stevens]] | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = David Arnold | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_seasons = <!-- Or num_series. Increment when new seasons/series begin. See template documentation for more info. --> | num_episodes = <!-- Value is incremented when new episodes air. See template documentation for more info. --> | list_episodes = | executive_producer = | producer = | news_editor = <!-- Content editor or editors of a current affairs/political show such as Newsnight. --> | location = <!-- Nation the series was primarily filmed in, if different from the nation of origin. --> | cinematography = | animator = | editor = <!-- Film editors --> | camera = <!-- Either Single-camera or Multi-camera --> | runtime = <!-- Reliable source required --> | company = <!-- Production companies only --> | budget = | network = [[BBC]] | first_aired = {{Start date|1998|10|03|df=y}} | last_aired = {{End date|2001|09|24|df=y}} | related = <!-- To be used only for remakes, spin-offs, and adaptations --> }} '''''DynaMo''''' bụ mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka nke Britain nke e guzobere na 1998. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|title=Helping parents help children learn|work=BBC News|date=1998-10-05|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/184037.stm|accessdate=2021-07-27}}</ref>Ọ bụ BBC gbasaa ya na BBC Learning Zone. Ọ bụ nkịta na-ese ihe nkiri DynaMo na enyi ya SlowMo kwadoro mmemme ahụ iji kụziere ụmụaka dị afọ 5-9 banyere Bekee, mgbakọ na mwepụ, sayensị na akụkọ ihe mere eme. <ref name="rb">{{Cite web|title=DynaMo (1999)|work=Ravensbourne University London|date=2021-01-28|url=https://www.ravensbourne.ac.uk/bbc-motion-graphics-archive/dynamo-1999|accessdate=2021-07-27}}</ref>A na-agbasa usoro ihe omume ahụ na telivishọn BBC site na 3 Ọktoba 1998 ruo 24 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DynaMo|work=Broadcast for Schools.co.uk|url=http://www.broadcastforschools.co.uk/site/DynaMo|accessdate=2021-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728145715/http://www.broadcastforschools.co.uk/site/DynaMo|archive-date=2021-07-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe omume == Echiche a sitere na nyocha BBC nke ndị nne na nna, ndị nkuzi na ụmụaka 2,800. Nnyocha ahụ gosiri na ndị nne na nna achọghị inyere ụmụaka aka n'ọrụ ụlọ n'ihi na ha achọghị ịmanye ha ma ọ bụ tinye ndị nkuzi n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="ed">{{Cite web|title=Parents wary of helping children learn|work=BBC News|date=1998-10-02|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/features/184046.stm|accessdate=2021-07-27}}</ref>E mepụtara ''DynaMo'' n'ihi ya. <ref name="ed" />Ihe omume a haziri maka izu asatọ na BBC Learning Zone. <ref name="bbc"/>BBC mepụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ ụmụaka ga-esi nwee obi ụtọ ịmụ ihe site na itinye ihe odide eserese na iji vidiyo nkuzi sitere na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ BBC ndị ọzọ. <ref name="bbc" />E mere mmemme ahụ iji soro British National Curriculum. <ref name="tes">{{Cite web|title=DynaMo switched on|work=Tes|date=1998-10-02|url=https://www.tes.com/news/dynamo-switched|accessdate=2021-07-27}}</ref>N'ịbụ ndị nkịta na-ese ihe nkiri DynaMo na enyi ya SloMo kwadoro, ha abụọ na-enyocha otu isiokwu agụmakwụkwọ ọ bụla. E mere ya ka ụmụaka nwee ike ile ya anya naanị ha ma ọ bụ na nne na nna ha.<ref name="bbc" /><ref name="dm">{{Cite web|title=TV & Radio - BBC Knowledge|work=Des and Mick Online|url=https://www.desandmick.co.uk/television/digital/bbcknowledge|accessdate=2021-07-27|archivedate=2022-05-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501055756/https://www.desandmick.co.uk/television/digital/bbcknowledge/}}/</ref> Ihe omume ahụ mgbe akụkụ nke Learning Zone ga-adị awa abụọ. <ref name="dm" />A na-agbasa akụkụ nke mmemme ahụ na mmemme BBC Knowledge "K Club". <ref name="dm"/>N'oge oyi na oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 2001, a ga-agbasa akụkụ nke DynaMo na BBC Two n'oge Ụlọ akwụkwọ BBC.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/079d35682d034e7eb01d440a259b38c8|title=School programmes – BBC Two England – 15 January 2001 – BBC Genome|accessdate=8 December 2022|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903212004/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/079d35682d034e7eb01d440a259b38c8|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Schedule:Summer 2001|work=Broadcast for Schools.co.uk|url=http://www.broadcastforschools.co.uk/site/Schedule:Summer_2001|accessdate=2021-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727080730/http://www.broadcastforschools.co.uk/site/Schedule:Summer_2001|archive-date=2021-07-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe dị n'ịntanetị == E jikwa DynaMo mee ihe dị ka ihu nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ enyemaka nne na nna nke BBC. E mere nke a maka ndị nne na nna iji nyere ụmụaka aka n'ọrụ ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/259539682/?terms=DynaMo%20bbc&match=1|title=Internet How-to homework|work=The Guardian|date=2000-10-17|accessdate=2021-07-27}}</ref>E nwekwara ngalaba a na-akpọ "DynaMo's Den" nke gụnyere egwuregwu nkuzi maka ụmụaka. <ref name="bbc"/>A malitere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na 2 Ọktoba 1998.<ref name="tes"/> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231206184612/https://www.broadcastforschools.co.uk/site/DynaMo ''DynaMo''] na mgbasa ozi maka ụlọ akwụkwọ r6lpd6tdksmps4nrf9xtmbh6i94wtst Chidi Okeke 0 33364 741440 729975 2026-10-23T23:52:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chidi Okeke''' (amụrụ na Disemba 26, 1996) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chidi Okeke Stats, Bio, Age, Net Worth, & Career|url=https://www.lines.com/nfl/players/chidi-okeke-20896|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=LINES|language=en|archivedate=2023-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610010850/https://www.lines.com/nfl/players/chidi-okeke-20896}}</ref> bụ onye Naijiria ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ bọọlụ nke San Antonio Brahmas nke XFL. Okeke gbara bọọlụ na LSU tupu ọ gaa [[Tennessee]] State. Okeke anọwokwa oge na Washington Redskins, Miami Dolphins, Kansas City Chiefs, na Tampa Bay Buccaneers nke National Football League (NFL), Saskatchewan Roughriders nke Canadian Football League (CFL), na Pittsburgh Maulers nke United States Football League (USFL). == Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị == Okeke g<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/lsu-offensive-lineman-and-native-nigerian-chidi-okeke-flourishing-despite-little-experience-with-football/article_5e11c444-91d2-5b82-9c5c-bff3762fbfe2.html|work=The Advocate|title=LSU offensive lineman and native Nigerian Chidi Okeke flourishing despite little experience with football|author=Dellenger, Ross|date=April 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624195053/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/lsu-offensive-lineman-and-native-nigerian-chidi-okeke-flourishing-despite-little-experience-with-football/article_5e11c444-91d2-5b82-9c5c-bff3762fbfe2.html|archive-date=June 24, 2023|access-date=November 4, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> b<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chidi Okeke, Tennessee State Tigers, Offensive Tackle|url=https://247sports.com/player/chidi-okeke-37919/|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=247Sports|language=en-US}}</ref> maka Faith Baptist Christian Academy ebe ọ bụ onye natara kpakpando ise ma bụrụ onye nke abụọ kachasị mma na mba ahụ, yana onye egwuregwu nke iri abụọ na abụọ kachasị mma n'obodo ahụ, dịka 247Sports si kwuo. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chiari|first=Mike|title=Army All-American Bowl Roster 2015: Breaking Down Top Recruits in Marquee Game|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2316592-army-all-american-bowl-roster-2015-breaking-down-top-recruits-in-marquee-game|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> gbara bọọlụ na U.S. Army All-American Bowl . [1] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sayles|first=Damon|title=4-Star Chidi Valentine-Okeke Gives LSU Major Recruiting Win over Alabama, Auburn|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2346685-4-star-chidi-valentine-okeke-gives-lsu-major-recruiting-win-over-alabama-auburn|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> kpebisiri ike igwu egwu maka LSU Tigers n'ihi onyinye sitere na Auburn na [[Alabama]]. == Ọrụ kọleji == === LSU === <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-07-08|title=Chidi Okeke|url=https://lsusports.net/roster/chidi-okeke/|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=LSU|language=en-US}}</ref>'afọ 2015, Okeke redshirted ya n'afọ ọhụrụ ma ọ gbaghị bọọlụ. <ref name=":1" />'afọ sochirinụ, ọ gbara bọọlụ iri na otu maka LSU. <ref>{{Cite web|author=DELLENGER|first=ROSS|date=2016-12-13|title=LSU offensive tackle Chidi Okeke transferring|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/lsu-offensive-tackle-chidi-okeke-transferring/article_b764960a-c144-11e6-86cf-0fc318725182.html|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=The Advocate|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610010850/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/lsu-offensive-tackle-chidi-okeke-transferring/article_b764960a-c144-11e6-86cf-0fc318725182.html|archive-date=2023-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> kwupụtara na ọ ga-agafe na Disemba 2016. [1] === Steeti Tennessee === Okeke gafere <ref>{{Cite web|title=SEC transfers Chidi Okeke, Christian Morris find it tough to crack TSU's starting lineup|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/2017/08/17/sec-transfers-chidi-okeke-christian-morristsu-lineup/572785001/|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=The Tennessean|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennessee State na 2017 wee pụta na egwuregwu 11, 10 dị ka onye mbido. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chidi Okeke – 2018 – Football|url=https://tsutigers.com/sports/football/roster/chidi-okeke/3072|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=Tennessee State University|language=en}}</ref> malitere egwuregwu itoolu niile n'afọ 2018, ọkachasị dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ n'aka ekpe. == Ọrụ ọkachamara == === Ndị Redskins nke Washington === Mgbe a na-ahọrọghị ya na 2019 NFL Draft, Okeke bịanyere aka na Washington Redskins na Eprel 27, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Redskins sign TSU lineman Chidi Okeke to free agent deal|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/2019/04/27/washington-redskins-sign-tsu-lineman-chidi-okeke-free-agent-deal/3603882002/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=The Tennessean|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redskins Sign OT Adam Bisnowaty, Waive Chidi Okeke|url=https://www.commanders.com/news/redskins-sign-ot-adam-bisnowaty-waive-chidi-okeke|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=www.commanders.com|language=en-US}}</ref> tọhapụrụ ya na Mee 23, 2019. [1] === Ndị isi obodo Kansas === <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://chiefswire.usatoday.com/2019/06/14/kansas-city-chiefs-undrafted-free-agent-spotlight-tennessee-state-ot-chidi-okeke/|work=[[USA Today]]|title=Chiefs UDFA Spotlight: Tennessee State OT Chidi Okeke|date=June 14, 2019|author=Goldman, Charles}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bouda|first=Nate|date=2019-05-29|title=Chiefs Sign OT Chidi Okeke|url=https://nfltraderumors.co/chiefs-sign-ot-chidi-okeke/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=NFLTradeRumors.co|language=en-US}}</ref> Mee 29, 2019, ndị isi Kansas City bịanyere aka na Okeke. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-31|title=Chiefs roster cuts 2019: Here's who has been released|url=https://chiefswire.usatoday.com/2019/08/31/kansas-city-chiefs-roster-cuts-2019-heres-who-has-been-released/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=Chiefs Wire|language=en-US}}</ref> tọhapụrụ ya n'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ. === Dolphin nke Miami === <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bouda|first=Nate|date=2019-09-10|title=NFL Transactions: Tuesday 9/10|url=https://nfltraderumors.co/nfl-transactions-tuesday-9-10/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=NFLTradeRumors.co|language=en-US}}</ref> Septemba 10, 2019, Okeke bịanyere aka na ndị otu ọzụzụ nke Miami Dolphins. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ulrich|first=Logan|date=2020-03-18|title=Dolphins Release Six Including LB Mike Hull|url=https://nfltraderumors.co/dolphins-release-lb-mike-hull/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=NFLTradeRumors.co|language=en-US}}</ref> bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta n'ọdịnihu mgbe oge ahụ gasịrị, mana a tọhapụrụ ya na Machị 18, 2020. [1] === Ndị Saskatchewan Roughriders === <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3downnation.com/2021/02/17/riders-sign-former-nfl-offensive-lineman-chidi-okeke/|work=3DownNation.com|title=Riders sign former NFL offensive lineman Chidi Okeke|date=February 17, 2021}}</ref>Ndị Saskatchewan Roughriders nke Canadian Football League (CFL) bịanyere aka na Okeke na Febụwarị 17, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.620ckrm.com/2021/04/27/riders-sign-wr-tevin-jones/|publisher=[[CKRM]]|title=Riders sign WR Tevin Jones|date=April 27, 2021}}</ref> tọhapụrụ ya n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na asaa nke ọnwa Eprel. === Ndị na-ebu ụgbọ mmiri na Tampa Bay === === Pittsburgh Maulers === Na Febụwarị 22, 2022, Pittsburgh Maulers họọrọ Okeke na agba nke ise nke 2022 USFL draft. <ref>{{Cite web|title=USFL Draft 2022: Every pick of every round for every team|url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/usfl/usfl-draft-2022-every-pick|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=FOX Sports|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-25|title=Top offensive tackles picked in USFL Draft|url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/top-offensive-tackles-picked-in-usfl-draft/|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=American Football International|language=en-US}}</ref> bụ onye mbụ a họpụtara na usoro nke draft. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://profootballarchives.com/playero/okek00050.html|work=Pro Football Archives|title=Chidi Okeke Stats|accessdate=2023-11-04|archivedate=2023-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624021700/https://profootballarchives.com/playero/okek00050.html}}</ref> pụtara ma malite egwuregwu 10 niile maka Maulers. === San Antonio Brahmas === Na Jenụwarị 1, 2023, San Antonio Brahmas họọrọ Okeke na nke abụọ n'ozuzu na 2023 XFL Supplemental Draft. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Supplemental Draft Picks|url=https://www.xfl.com/supplemental-draft-2023|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=www.xfl.com|language=en|archivedate=2023-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102041146/https://www.xfl.com/supplemental-draft-2023}}</ref> <ref name=":2"/> pụtara n'egwuregwu iri niile, isii dị ka onye mbido. == Ndụ onwe onye == <ref>{{Cite web|author=Randall|first=Kayla|date=2016-08-01|title=Offensive lineman Chidi Okeke shares how he's adapted to Louisiana|url=https://www.225batonrouge.com/our-city/offensive-lineman-chidi-okeke-shares-hes-adapted-louisiana|accessdate=2023-06-10|work=[225]|language=en}}</ref>'afọ 2013, Okeke si Naịjirịa kwaga United States ebe ọ na-egwu bọọlụ na basketball. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okeke, Chidi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ja820j1di60ljwdnnjbkc5qys05vstv Cornelius Taiwo 0 33389 741479 720751 2026-10-24T02:22:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741479 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Cornelius Olaleye Taiwo''' (27 Ọktoba 1910 - 8 Eprel 2014) bụ onye nkuzi na onye ọka iwu Naijiria. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ekoonibajeng.com/index.php?topic=2561.0;wap2|title=100 years today...Prof. C. O. Taiwo tells his story|author=Deji-Folutile|first=Olabisi|date=27 October 2010|publisher=hoofbeat|accessdate=19 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106033047/http://ekoonibajeng.com/index.php?topic=2561.0;wap2|archivedate=6 January 2014}}</ref> mụrụ Taiwo na 27 Ọktoba 1910, na Oru-Ijebu na Ogun State, Nigeria, nye Isaac na Lydia Taiwo. Ọ malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị wee gaa St. Luke's School, ụlọ akwụkwọ CMS nke St. Luke Church. Oru, Ijebu na 1921. Ọ gara St Andrews College, Oyo, ma mesịa gaa Yaba Higher College, Lagos. Ọ gara Mahadum nke London wee nweta nzere D. Litt na 1982. O nwetakwara nzere MA na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Trinity College, Mahadum Cambridge, nzere Barrister-at-Law nke Middle Temple Inn's Court na Hon. LL.D. (Cape Coast).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/|accessdate=2022-03-09|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Taiwo malitere ọrụ nkuzi ya dị ka onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ Sagun United School, Oru-Ijebu, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-enyere aka na 1932. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/mar/22/0068.html|title='Simeon Adebo Gave Me Opportunities To Excel'|date=22 March 2003|work=The Guardian}},</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/42555/supplements/44/page.pdf|title=Supplement to the London Gazette}}</ref> bụ onye isi Africa mbụ nke Edo College, Benin City ma ghọọ onye odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide, Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources na gọọmentị mpaghara nke Western Nigeria; [1] A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu na Middle Temple (Inn of Court), London na 4 February 1964, wee debanye aha ya dị ka onye ọka iwu-na-iwu na onye ọka iwu nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Nigeria na 3 July 1964. Taiwo rụrụ ọrụ na Gọọmentị Ọdịda Anyanwụ Naịjirịa n'etiti afọ 1960 na 1966 mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka onye nchịkwa, onye nyocha nke agụmakwụkwọ na n'ikpeazụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide, na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]] ebe ọ nọrọ afọ 11, ọrụ iwu onwe ya na ide akwụkwọ. Ọ ghọrọ Prọfesọ Emeritus mbụ nke Mmụta na Provost nke [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]]. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200910280743.html.|title=Nigeria: Accolade, Introspection As Nigeria's Oldest Professor, C.O. Taiwo Clocks 99|publisher=Daily Champion|work=Allafrica|author=Ogbuji|first=Chima|date=27 October 2009}}</ref> họpụtakwara ya dị ka Pro Chancellor na Onye isi oche nke Kansụl Na-achị Isi nke Mahadum Ilorin na 1 Septemba 1990 wee bụrụ onye ọka iwu na onye ọka iwu nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web3/index.php?news=17372|title=Secrets of my long life, agility|author=Odewale|first=Seyi|date=30 October 2010|work=The Nation|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://photonews.sunmismartcole.com/2010/11/06/emeritus-professor-c-o-taiwo-clocks-100/|title=Professor Emeritus C. O. Taiwo clocks 100|date=6 November 2010|accessdate=19 November 2013|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032023/http://photonews.sunmismartcole.com/2010/11/06/emeritus-professor-c-o-taiwo-clocks-100/}}</ref> kụziri na ọtụtụ mahadum ndị ọzọ gụnyere Mahadum Lagos tupu ọ laa ezumike nká. == Ndụ onwe onye == Taiwo bụ nwa eze sitere n'ụlọ ọchịchị Olumota nke Oba Oloru nke Oru, Ijebu, si otú a mee ka ọ bụrụ Omoba nke [[Ndi Yoruba|Ndị Yoruba]]. Ọ lụrụ Susan Olufowoke Keleko na 25 Disemba 1941, na St. James Church, [[Ibadan]]. Ha nwere ụmụ isii. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 103 na 2014. <ref name="Obituary">{{Cite news|title=Taiwo, first UNILAG COE provost, dies at 103|work=Nigerian Pilot|date=12 April 2014|url=http://nigerianpilot.com/taiwo-first-unilag-coe-provost-dies-103/|accessdate=30 April 2014|archive-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414090804/http://nigerianpilot.com/taiwo-first-unilag-coe-provost-dies-103/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == bu * '''Baba Ijo''' (Nna nke ọgbakọ), utu aha onye isi, nke St. Luke's Church, Oru, Ijebu kemgbe 1973. * Onye otu Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration * Onye otu nke Nigerian Academy of Education * Lord LUPEN; ihe nrite kachasị elu nke NAPE (Onyenwe nke ndị Luminary niile nke ndị nkuzi ọkachamara nke Naịjirịa, 1989) * A kpọbatara ya n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Nkụzi Mba Nile == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ na isiokwu. Ndị a ma ama gụnyere: * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooa-tgAACAAJ|author=Taiwo|first=Cornelius O.|title=The Mother Tongue as a Means of Promoting Equal Access to Education in Nigeria: Problems and Solutions|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|year=1976}} * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCUmYgEACAAJ|author=Taiwo|first=Cornelius O.|title=70 years in The Nigerian Educational System:past, present and future|publisher=Nelson Nigeria|year=1980|isbn=978-1260-726}} * {{Cite book|title=Henry Carr: An African Contribution to Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WO7AAAAIAAJ|author=Taiwo|first=Cornelius O.|year=1975|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19575-282-3}} * {{Cite journal|title=The Education Edicts of Nigeria|author=Taiwo Cornelius O.|url=http://maktaba.ku.ac.ke/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=246552|volume=18|pages=183–187|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063816/http://maktaba.ku.ac.ke/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=246552|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2023-11-04|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|title=Nigeria Language Problems and Solution|url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ148922|year=1976|author=Taiwo Cornelius O.}} * {{Cite book|title=The Administration and Control of Education in Nigeria|author=Taiwo Cornelius O.}} * {{Cite book|title=Traditional Methods of Education in Africa|author=Taiwo Cornelius O.}} * {{Cite book|title=The Rule of Law in Education|author=Taiwo Cornelius O.}} * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O59CAQAAIAAJ|author=Taiwo|first=Cornelius O.|title=Learning thrills: memoirs of an educationist|publisher=Y-Books|year=1996|isbn=9782659916}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Authority control}} ndqqpudtzuy20uz6boomn1qftm872m3 Ernest Emenyonu 0 33576 741500 721156 2026-10-24T10:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chief Sir '''Ernest Emenyonu''' bụ onye agụmakwụkwọ Naijiria, onye bụ onye nkatọ Akwụkwọ Africa na prọfesọ. Ọ bụbu onye isi nke ngalaba nke Bekee na Ọmụmụ Akwụkwọ, Dean nke Faculty of Arts, na Deputy Vice-Chancellor nke Mahadum Calabar, n'usoro ahụ, site na 1980s na 1990s. Ọ bụkwa onye isi nke [[Alvan Ikoku]] College of Education ugbu a [[Federal Kọleji nke Mmụta Alvan Ikoku|Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education]] [[Òwèrè|Owerri]] na [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Steeti Imo]] Nigeria (1992-1995). <ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education|url=https://www.alvanikoku.edu.ng/history/|work=Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Ernest Nneji Emenyonu <ref>{{Cite book|author=Adeaga|first=Tomi|title=Payback and Other Stories: An Anthology of African and African Diaspora Short Stories|url=https://archive.org/details/paybackotherstor0000tomi|publisher=LIT Verlag Munster|year=2019|isbn=978-3-643-91054-7|location=Munster, Germany|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paybackotherstor0000tomi/page/165 165]}}</ref> otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta a ma ama n'ụwa na African Literature . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-13|title=An icon of African literature: A man of the people|url=https://africanbusinessmagazine.com/uncategorised/icon-african-literature-man-people/|accessdate=2021-02-03|work=African Business Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyprian Ekwensi|url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/7116052-cyprian-ekwensi|work=www.goodreads.com|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> bipụtara Akụkọ ndụ banyere ndị edemede ama ama dịka [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]] na [[Cyprian Ekwensi]] . [1] Mgbe <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Professor Ernest Nneji Emenyonu, Keynote Speaker, 15th Annual International Conference of the Igbo Studies Association|url=https://www.igbostudiesassociation.org/index.php/5-keynote-speaker-announced-the-15th-annual-international-conference-of-the-igbo-studies-association|author=Igwe|first=Chidi|work=www.igbostudiesassociation.org|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> nọ na Mahadum Calabar, Emenyonu guzobere ma bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Calabar kwa afọ na African Literature and the English Language (ICALEL). [1] Nke a kwalitere mmekọrịta nke Ndị edemede Africa na ndị nkatọ na ndị ọkà mmụta mba ụwa na-eleta.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Emenyonu bụ prọfesọ nyocha na Mahadum Michigan. O nwere ọkwa nke Onye isi nke Ngalaba nke Ọmụmụ Afrịka. Ugbu <ref>{{Cite web|title=African Literature Today {{!}} University of Michigan-Flint|url=https://www.umflint.edu/africana/african-literature-today|work=www.umflint.edu|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2020-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403021523/https://www.umflint.edu/africana/african-literature-today}}</ref>, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ kachasị ochie n'ụwa gbasara akwụkwọ edemede Africa, African Literature Today . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The past, present, and future of African Literature Today|url=https://news.umflint.edu/2020/02/05/the-past-present-and-future-of-african-literature-today/|author=Gold|first=Robert|date=2020-02-05|work=UM-Flint NOW|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty Profiles {{!}} University of Michigan-Flint|url=https://www.umflint.edu/africana/facultystaff-profiles|work=www.umflint.edu|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2020-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401002800/https://www.umflint.edu/africana/facultystaff-profiles}}</ref> nyela onyinye dị ịrịba ama na Mahadum nke Michigan-Flint dịka iwebata onye mmeri Nobel Prize na Literature Wole Soyinka, na campus, yana onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Nawal El Saadawi. Emenyonu bụ Knight nke Saint Christopher, Anglican Communion . <ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụkwa Chief n'obodo ya nke Imo State, Nigeria. E nyere ya utu aha ''Ugwu Mba 1 nke Mbieri'' sụgharịrị ka ọ pụtara "mpako nke ndị ya". <ref name=":0" /> Ọ lụrụ nwunye ya ogologo oge Patricia Emenyonu ma nwee ụmụ anọ ma nwee ụmụ ụmụ atọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Akwụkwọ == * "Introduction", ''Goatskin Bags and Wisdom: New Critical Perspectives on African Literature'', Trenton: AWP 2000. {{ISBN|0-86543-670-3}} (hb) {{ISBN|0-86543-671-1}} (pb)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=COMMUNICATIVE ESSENCE OF STORYTELLING IN IGBOLAND|url=https://www.nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/ODEZURU-IGBO/article/view/22|journal=ODEZURUIGBO: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IGBO, AFRICAN AND COMMUNICATION STUDIES|date=2018-10-22|volume=1|issue=1|language=en|author=Edwin Lionel Diala, Chioma Winner Onyeama|archive-date=2026-04-12|access-date=2026-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260412161801/https://nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/ODEZURU-IGBO/article/view/22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kriso.ee/goatskin-bags-wisdom-new-critical-perspectives-db-9780865436718.htmlhttps://www.kriso.ee/goatskin-bags-wisdom-new-critical-perspectives-db-9780865436718.html|title=Goatskin Bags And Wisdom: New Critical Perspectives on African Literature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Goatskin Bags and Wisdom : New Critical Perspectives on African Literature|url=https://elmhurst.ecampus.com/goatskin-bags-wisdom-new-critical/bk/9780865436718?srsltid=AfmBOorIx-Yn7gUowk0d12fzx1sNU3wfcnezBgdQiEw9GJRTImVakyR4|work=elmhurst.ecampus.com|accessdate=2026-06-11}}</ref> * ''Tales of our Motherland'', Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books, 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/mata/23-24/1/article-p369_41.xml?srsltid=AfmBOor69whHXM9z11jtOTOd1hcPF8ZDhzsAumK-idIlLY3RiExEgQuX|title=ERNEST EMENYONU. Tales of Our Motherland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tales of our motherland {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/47194522|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/388665.Tales_of_Our_Motherland|work=www.goodreads.com|accessdate=2026-06-11|title=Tales of Our Motherland by Ernest Emenyonu}}</ref> * ''The rise of the Igbo novel'', Oxford University Press, 1978 {{ISBN|978-154-023-0}}, {{ISBN|0-19-575447-6}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-of-the-igbo-novel-4rlzfjj563|title=(Open Access) The Rise of the Igbo Novel (1977)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The rise of the Igbo novel {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/462800113|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ernest Emenyonu: The rise of the Igbo novel. xxiii, 212 pp. Ibadan: Oxford University Press, 1978. £11.95.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/ernest-emenyonu-the-rise-of-the-igbo-novel-xxiii-212-pp-ibadan-oxford-university-press-1978-1195/BCDB09A2F31EC7D2DEFC69C5BA546F82|journal=Bulletin of SOAS|date=1981-02|issn=1474-0699|pages=216–217|volume=44|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00105087|language=en|author=Alastair Niven}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Review of The Rise of the Igbo Novel|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4618075|journal=Research in African Literatures|date=1982|issn=0034-5210|pages=78–82|volume=13|issue=1|author=Phanuel Akubueze Egejuru}}</ref> * (Editor) ''New Women's Writing in African Literature'', Department of Africana Studies, University of Michigan-Flint<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236775590_New_Women's_Writing_in_African_Literature_review|title=New Women's Writing in African Literature (review)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AFRICAN LITERATURE TODAY, Vol. 24, New Women's Writing in African Literature, Edited by Ernest Emenyonu|url=https://africaworldpressbooks.com/african-literature-today-vol-24-new-womens-writing-in-african-literature-edited-by-ernest-emenyonu/|work=Africa World Press & The Red Sea Press|accessdate=2026-06-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Review of New Women's Writing in African Literature|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3821128|journal=Research in African Literatures|date=2006|issn=0034-5210|pages=139–142|volume=37|issue=1|author=Ezenwa-Ohaeto}}</ref> * ''Literature and society: selected essays on African literature'', Oguta, Nigeria: Zim Pan African Publishers, 1986<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/1449409|title=Selected essays on African literature / edited by Ernest N. Emenyeonu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Literature and society: selected essays on African literature|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2441284M/Literature_and_society|publisher=Zim Pan African Publishers|date=1986|location=Oguta, Nigeria|isbn=978-978-2150-09-7|author=Ernest Emenyo̲nu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Details for Literature And Society Selected Essays On African Literature › Koha online catalog|url=https://opac.uniabuja.edu.ng/bib/2670|work=opac.uniabuja.edu.ng|accessdate=2026-06-11|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260611100909/https://opac.uniabuja.edu.ng/bib/2670|archive-date=2026-06-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> * (Editor) ''A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie'', James Currey/Boydell and Brewer, 2017, {{ISBN|978-1847011633}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Refreshingly focused on the fiction, but struggling for definition: a review of A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, edited by Ernest N. Emenyonu.|url=https://africainwords.com/2017/07/05/refreshingly-focused-on-the-fiction-but-struggling-for-definition-a-review-of-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-edited-by-ernest-n-emenyonu/|date=2017-07-05|accessdate=2026-06-11|language=en|author=Africa in Words Guest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Companion_to_Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie.html?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|date=2017|isbn=978-1-84701-162-6|language=en|author=Ernest Emenyo̲nu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iucat.iu.edu/iun/16185363|title=A companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie {{!}} IUCAT Northwest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ernest E. Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D|journal=Africa|date=2020-08|issn=0001-9720|pages=805–807|volume=90|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467|language=en|author=Grace A. Musila}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/book/a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-9781847012418/|work=Boydell and Brewer|accessdate=2026-06-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] 1q514qkw9sad7gr35wrzwwvs58tyzaq Emily Greenwood 0 33669 741495 709215 2026-10-24T09:25:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emily Greenwood''' bụ Prọfesọ nke Classics na nke Comparative Literature na Mahadum Harvard. Ọ bụbu prọfesọ nke Classics na Mahadum Center for Human Values na Mahadum Princeton na John M. Musser Prọfesọ of Classics and Chair of the Department of Classiques na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]]. Nnyocha ya na-elekwasị anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Gris oge ochie, ọkachasị Thucydides na Herodotus, mmepe nke akụkọ ihe mere mere eme dị ka ụdị na ọzụzụ dị oke egwu nke oge a, na omenala ndị isi ojii nke ịkọwa ihe ochie nke Gris na Rom. Ọrụ <ref name="Yale">{{Cite web|author=YaleUniversity|title=Yale College, Keynote Address, August 29, 2017|date=2017-08-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0jcd8tfy3M|accessdate=2018-11-23}}</ref> na-enyocha nnweta na imezigharị oge ochie nke Ndị Gris na ndị Rom site na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ruo ugbu a. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref name="Yale"/> kọwawo Greenwood dị ka "ọkara onye Britain, ọkara onye Ugandan, a mụrụ ya na Cayman Islands". Greenwood nwetara agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi, Sevenoaks School . <ref name="Yale"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sevenoaksschool.org/academic/beyond-sevenoaks/notable-alumni/dr-emily-greenwood-os-1993/|title=Sevenoaks School: Dr Emily Greenwood (OS 1993)|work=www.sevenoaksschool.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-09-21|archivedate=2018-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921233720/https://www.sevenoaksschool.org/academic/beyond-sevenoaks/notable-alumni/dr-emily-greenwood-os-1993/}}</ref> nwetara BA, MPhil, na PhD na Classics na Mahadum Cambridge . [1] Akwụkwọ edemede PhD ya, nke ọ dechara na 2001 ma bụrụ nke Prọfesọ Paul Cartledge lekọtara bụ nke akpọrọ The Invention of the Critic . ''Ihe e mepụtara nke onye nkatọ. Onye edemede dị ka onye nkatọ site na Herodotus ruo Aristotle''. == Ọrụ == Greenwood nwere obere mkpakọrịta nyocha <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hsp.macmillan.yale.edu/people/emily-greenwood|title=Emily Greenwood {{!}} The MacMillan Center Hellenic Studies Program|work=hsp.macmillan.yale.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-27}}</ref> St Catharine's College, Cambridge, site na 2000 ruo 2002. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://classics.yale.edu/people/emily-greenwood|title=Emily Greenwood {{!}} Yale Department of Classics|work=classics.yale.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-27|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905172449/https://classics.yale.edu/people/emily-greenwood}}</ref> bụ onye nkuzi na Grik na Mahadum St Andrews site na 2002 ruo 2008, wee sonye na Ngalaba Classics na Yale na 2009, ebe ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Classics. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Yale Department of Classics|url=https://classics.yale.edu/|accessdate=2020-11-01|work=classics.yale.edu}}</ref> họpụtara ya dị ka John M. Musser Prọfesọ nke Classics n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020. [1] Ọ natara Runciman Award na 2011 maka akwụkwọ ya Afro-Greeks: Dialogues Between Anglophone Caribbean Literature and Classics in the 20th Century (Oxford University Press, 2010). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://runcimanaward.org/previous-winners/|title=Previous winners – Runciman Award|work=runcimanaward.org|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-09-21|archivedate=2018-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024343/http://runcimanaward.org/previous-winners/}}</ref> Greenwood nyere Yale College Keynote Address <ref name="Yale"/> 29 August 2017 na okwu "The University we Build". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caas-cw.org/wp/caas/meetings/2018-annual-meeting-program/|title=2018 Annual Meeting Program {{!}} CAAS-CW|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227145518/http://caas-cw.org/wp/caas/meetings/2018-annual-meeting-program/|archive-date=2020-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>'afọ 2018 o kwuru okwu Clack na nzukọ Classical Association of the Atlantic States kwa afọ, "Speaking Bones: Classical Philology in Black Experimental Writing". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://classics.yale.edu/news/emily-greenwood-honored-classical-association-atlantic-states-annual-meeting-2018|title=Emily Greenwood Honored at the Classical Association of the Atlantic States Annual Meeting, 2018 {{!}} Yale Department of Classics|work=classics.yale.edu|accessdate=2020-02-27|archivedate=2020-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227145526/https://classics.yale.edu/news/emily-greenwood-honored-classical-association-atlantic-states-annual-meeting-2018}}</ref>'otu nnọkọ ahụ, a haziri otu panel iji sọpụrụ ọrụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/humanitiesinstitute/events/distinguished-visiting-lecture-series-narrative-and-social-justice-with-emily-greenwood|title=Distinguished Visiting Lecture Series : "Narrative and Social Justice" with Emily Greenwood|work=liberalarts.utexas.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-27}}</ref>'afọ 2019 o kwuru okwu mmeghe nke Mahadum Texas na Austin Distinguished Visiting Lecture Series, "Narrative and Social Justice", na-ekwu maka "Philology and Reparation: Resisting Anti-Human Errors in 'Great' Books". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/series/classics-after-antiquity/7275A30B098AEF04859ACC8273DDCF42|title=Classics after Antiquity|work=Cambridge Core|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-27}}</ref> bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro Cambridge University Press 'Classics after Antiquity'. <ref name="downing-profile">{{Cite web|title=Professor Emily Greenwood|url=https://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/people/professor-emily-greenwood|work=Downing College, Cambridge|accessdate=9 October 2023|language=en|date=30 May 2023}}</ref>'afọ 2022, Harvard were Greenwood n'ọrụ n'ọkwa prọfesọ n'etiti Ngalaba nke Comparative Literature na Ngalaba nke Classics. <ref name="downing-election">{{Cite web|title=Four new Honorary Fellows elected|url=https://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/news/four-new-honorary-fellows-elected|work=Downing College, Cambridge|accessdate=9 October 2023|language=en|date=19 May 2023}}</ref>'afọ 2023, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nsọpụrụ nke Downing College, Cambridge. [1] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Peeji ngalaba, Mahadum Harvard {{DEFAULTSORT:Greenwood, Emily}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9oeog84swe6ndiqk1yil8yvt4b34noy Denzil Miller 0 35104 741490 623988 2026-10-24T04:41:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccamlr.org/en/news/2019/professor-denzil-miller-am|title=Professor Denzil Miller AM {{!}} CCAMLR|work=www.ccamlr.org|accessdate=2019-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205021702/https://www.ccamlr.org/en/news/2019/professor-denzil-miller-am|archive-date=2019-12-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>'''Denzil George Miller''' (30 Eprel 1951 - 30 Nọvemba 2019) bụ Onye sayensị mmiri na ọkachamara na nchekwa Antarctic, ịkụ azụ, iwu na ọchịchị. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.atsummit50.org/speaker/0730f.html|title=Presenter: Professor Denzil Miller|work=www.atsummit50.org|accessdate=2019-12-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.atsummit50.org/speaker/0730f.html "Presenter: Professor Denzil Miller"]. ''www.atsummit50.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/tributes/notice/5178232/?nk=a40142a451ecc56dcf5f4e8a18fff68a-1575318737|title=Prof. Denzil Miller AM, PhD. MILLER {{!}} Death Notices {{!}} Tasmania|work=Weekly Times Now|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-02}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Miller tolitere <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://oceanites.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/denzil-miller-bio.pdf|title=Denzil Miller Bio|work=Oceanites}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://oceanites.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/denzil-miller-bio.pdf "Denzil Miller Bio"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Oceanites''.</cite></ref> [[Zambia]] ma gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Zimbabwe]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.researchcareer.com.au/archived-news/new-director-for-antarctic-tasmania-science-and-research-unit|title=New director for Antarctic Tasmania Science and Research Unit - ResearchCareer|author=ResearchCareer|work=www.researchcareer.com.au|language=en-gb|accessdate=2019-12-01|archivedate=2024-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226150304/https://www.researchcareer.com.au/archived-news/new-director-for-antarctic-tasmania-science-and-research-unit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFResearchCareer">ResearchCareer. . ''www.researchcareer.com.au''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> gara n'ihu nweta PhD na Marine Biology na Mahadum nke Cape Town . [1] == Ọrụ == Miller rụrụ ọrụ <ref name=":1" /> ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị maka ngalaba Marine and Coastal Affairs nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke South Africa ruo afọ 23, site na 1979 ruo 2002. <ref name=":0" /> N'oge a, ọ gara Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) dị ka onye otu ndị nnọchi anya South Africa. <ref name=":2" /> kpọkọtara Kọmitii na-arụ ọrụ na Krill (1987 ruo 1994) ma bụrụ onyeisi kọmitii sayensị ya (1997 ruo 2000). [1] <ref name=":0" /> rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke CCAMLR site na 2002 ruo 2010. Site na 2003 ruo 2008, Miller bụ onye isi oche nke United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Regional Fisheries Bodies Secretariat Network. N'afọ 2011, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nduzi nke [[Antarctic Tasmania]]'s Science and Research Unit . <ref name=":1" /> Miller bụ onye nnọchi anya Tasmanian na Forum of Australian Chief Scientists site na 2012 ruo 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/2016/05/article-forum-of-australian-chief-scientists|title=Article: Forum of Australian Chief Scientists {{!}} Chief Scientist|work=www.chiefscientist.gov.au|accessdate=2019-12-01}}</ref> == Onyinye == <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://anaretas.weebly.com/latest-news-2011.html|title=Prof Denzil Miller Order of Australia award|work=ANARE Club Tasmania|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://anaretas.weebly.com/latest-news-2011.html "Prof Denzil Miller Order of Australia award"]. ''ANARE Club Tasmania''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref>'afọ 1995, e nyere Miller ihe nrite South African Antarctic na BP Antarctic Award . <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwf.panda.org/?116061|title=Southern Ocean guardian wins WWF conservation medal {{!}} WWF|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2019-12-01}}</ref>'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007, ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ isii si mba ụwa natara ihe nrite Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Medal maka onyinye ya na nchekwa Antarctic na njikwa azụ. <ref name=":3" /> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Miller, Denzil}} <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fuybtobl18jdryk051qyaegu3wg4nm7 Alfred Barye 0 35416 741444 541350 2026-10-24T00:12:47Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alfred Barye''' "Le Fils" ma ọ bụ '''Alf Barye''' (Paris, France, 21 Jenụwarị 1839 - Paris, France, 1882) bụ onye France na-ese ihe, nke Belle Époque, nwa akwụkwọ nke nna ya onye na-ese egwu Antoine-Louis Barye. Alfred Barye rụrụ arụmụka nke nna ya, [[Antoine-Louis Barye]], maka ọtụtụ afọ, n'enweghị ike itinye aha ya nkeonwe. Ọnọdụ a gara n'ihu ruo mgbe e mepụtara ịkpaghasị n'etiti ha. Site na imekọ ihe ọnụ ya na Émile-Coriolan Guillemin, Barye mere ihe osise maka "The Arab Warrior Knight on Horseback". N'ime Ọrụ Barye bụ ọla nchara animalier yana isiokwu ndị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. {{Cite book|author=Kjellberg|first=Pierre|title=Bronzes of the 19th Century|date=1994|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|location=Atglen, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-88740-629-7|pages=53|edition=1st}}</ref> arịrịọ nna ya, ọ bịanyere aka n'ọrụ ya dị ka "nwa" iji mee ka ọrụ ya dị iche na nke nna ya. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Alfred Barye na Paris, France, na 21 Jenụwarị 1839, <ref name="Kjellberg">{{Cite book|author=Kjellberg|first=Pierre|title=Bronzes of the 19th Century|date=1994|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|location=Atglen, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-88740-629-7|pages=53|edition=1st}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKjellberg1994">Kjellberg, Pierre (1994). ''Bronzes of the 19th Century'' (1st&nbsp;ed.). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p.&nbsp;53. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/0-88740-629-7|<bdi>0-88740-629-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> nwa Antoine-Louis Barye. Ọ mụtara ọrụ ya nke onye na-ese ihe n'ime anụmanụ n'okpuru anya nke nna ya bụ otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ mbụ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ anụmanụ n"etiti na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19. Barye nke obere a {{Cite web|title=The Bronze Gallery – Alfred Barye|url=http://bronze-gallery.com/sculptors/artist.cfm?sculptorID=3|work=bronze-gallery.com|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> emekọrịta ihe mgbe niile na nna ya; enwere oge mgbe ha abụọ anaghị ekwu okwu n'ihi na ruo mgbe a gwara ha ka ha ghara ime otú ahụ, Barye na-etinye aka na ụfọdụ ọla nchara ya dị ka "A. Barye" nke Barye nke okenye jụrụ n'ihi ya kpatara mgbagwoju anya banyere nke Barye, nna ma ọ bụ nwa, mepụtara ihe ọkpụ ahụ. == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Alfred_Barye_bronze_bird.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|210x210px|A silvered bronze sculpture of a pheasant by Barye ({{circa|1875}})]] Ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ animalier na mmepụta nke ihe oyiyi ọla nchara. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezigbo onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya, ọ gbalịrị ịmepụta njirimara nke ya na-ebi na onyinyo nke nna ya a ma ama. <ref name="Kjellberg">{{Cite book|author=Kjellberg|first=Pierre|title=Bronzes of the 19th Century|date=1994|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|location=Atglen, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-88740-629-7|pages=53|edition=1st}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKjellberg1994">Kjellberg, Pierre (1994). ''Bronzes of the 19th Century'' (1st&nbsp;ed.). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p.&nbsp;53. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/0-88740-629-7|<bdi>0-88740-629-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> na-etinye aka na "A. Barye, fils" n'ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị o dere ebe ụfọdụ nwere akara "Barye" ma ọ bụ "A. barye" nke kpatara mgbagwoju anya - n'amaghị ama ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị - na nke nna ya. Ihe <ref name="Bronze Gallery">{{Cite web|title=The Bronze Gallery – Alfred Barye|url=http://bronze-gallery.com/sculptors/artist.cfm?sculptorID=3|work=bronze-gallery.com|accessdate=13 July 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://bronze-gallery.com/sculptors/artist.cfm?sculptorID=3 "The Bronze Gallery – Alfred Barye"]. ''bronze-gallery.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> ọtụtụ n'ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ na-ahapụ ebe a na-akpụ ihe na Barye bụ ájá a kpụrụ akpụ [1] kama ịkpụpụta wax furu efu. Alfred Barye <ref name="Green and Auburn patina">{{Cite web|title=Alfred Barye, French -- Rhinoceros (Lot 139)|url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2013/european-sculpture-works-of-art-l13231/lot.139.html|work=Sothebys.com|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref>-ejikarị patinas na-acha nchara nchara ma mgbe ụfọdụ ọ ga-agbakwunye akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ [1] (acha nke nna ya na-eji eme ihe) na ụcha na-acha uhie uhie na usoro Ịgba ọsọ. [2] Ọla nchara ọ bụla nke Barye - site n'aka nna ma ọ bụ nwa nwoke - ga-enwekarị patina mara mma. Antoine-Louis nwere obi ụtọ karịsịa <ref name="Kjellberg" /> patinas ya ma ghara ikwe ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ tinye ha, na-ahọrọ ime ya n'onwe ya maka ebumnuche ọdịdị na njikwa mma. Alfred, kwa, agaghị ekwe ka ihe a tụrụ atụ hapụ ụlọ ọrụ ya na-enweghị patina a na-etinye n'ọrụ nke ọma ma na-ahụ anya. Alfred Barye mere mmepụta nke ihe oyiyi ọla nchara ma lekwasị anya na ịnyịnya ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya na-agba ọsọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọla nchara ya a ma ama bụ The Arab Warrior Knight on Horseback (1890-1910, nke e mere na Paris, ịdị elu 87 cm, obosara 61 cm, omimi 30 cm, ọla nchara).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Barye nwụrụ na Paris na 1882. A maara ya maka nkọwa zuru oke na ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara ya, dịka egosiri na ihe ọchụnta ego (nke e sere n'aka nri). <ref name="Kjellberg" /> A maara Barye maka nlebara anya dị ukwuu na nkọwa zuru ezu na ọla nchara ya. <ref name="Kjellberg" /> mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe osise nnụnụ yana ụdị ihe oyiyi. Ọ natara nsọpụrụ "nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù" na Salon 1897 maka ọrụ Aide Fauconnier Indien, Retour de Chasse à la Gazelle. Ihe ikpeazụ Alfred Barye nyere na Salon de Louvre bụ na 1882. <ref name="Kjellberg">{{Cite book|author=Kjellberg|first=Pierre|title=Bronzes of the 19th Century|date=1994|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|location=Atglen, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-88740-629-7|pages=53|edition=1st}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKjellberg1994">Kjellberg, Pierre (1994). ''Bronzes of the 19th Century'' (1st&nbsp;ed.). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p.&nbsp;53. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/0-88740-629-7|<bdi>0-88740-629-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> == Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie == Ọla nchara ya dị ugbu a n'ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie: * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Louvre, Paris * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Orsay, Paris * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Brooklyn, New York City[[New York City|Obodo New York]] * Ebe ndebe ihe ochie Fogg, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts * Ebe ngosi nka Busch-Reisinger, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts * Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke São Paulo, [[Brazil]] * [[Israel Museum|Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Israel]], Jerusalem, Israel Here’s the wikicode you provided, with a minor adjustment for consistency: * [[Appleton Museum of Art]], [[Florida]], [[Estados Unidos]] == Ihe ngosi == Alfred Barye mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na Paris site na 1864 ruo 1882. * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Salon de Louvre, Paris, 1864 ruo 1882 * Ịnyịnya na-agba ọsọ Sir Walter Scott, 1865 * Onye Ịtali na-agba ọsọ, 1882 == Ihe Nlereanya nke Ịbịanye Aka == == Hụkwa ==   * Ihe oyiyi nke onye na-agba ịnyịnya * Antoine-Louis Barye, nna ya * Emile-Coriolan Guillemin * Anụmanụ * Oge Dị Mma == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ ==   == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160916091513/http://www.tuttoarabi.com/articoli/gallery/201503_Antique-Arabian-Horse-Sculptures-part-II.pdf "Antique Arabian Horse Sculptures", akụkụ nke abụọ, Judith Wich-Wenning, Tutto Arabi Magazine, p.174-176, www.uttoarabi.com] (n'asụsụ Bekee) * [http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/important-european-decorative-arts-n09207/lot.211.html Ihe oyiyi ọla nchara nke ịnyịnya n'ụdị Alfred Louis Barye na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu dị elu 23 3/4 in. 60.5 cm, Paris Ihe nlereanya ahụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Cheval Turc a ma ama nke onye isi anụmanụ French mepụtara na 1857, ọnụahịa ruru 6,250 USD, 22 Ọktoba 2014, Sothebys New York] (n'asụsụ Bekee) * [http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2013/european-sculpture-works-of-art-l13231/lot.139.html ''Rhinoceros'', ọla nchara, patina na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha nchara nchara, 9.7 site na 14.9cm. , 33⁄4 site na 6in. , ọnụahịa ruru 7000 GBP, 04 Disemba 2013, Sothebys London] (n'asụsụ Bekee) * Alfred Baryena nchịkọta ọha na eze nke America, na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ French Sculpture Census [[Category:Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe osise nke France]] [[Category:Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe osise nke Paris]] [[Category:Ndị mụrụ na 1839]] [[Category:Ndị nwụrụ na 1882]] [[Category:Ụmụ nwoke]] [[Category:Ụmụ ndị na-eme ihe osise anụmanụ]] [[Category:Ụmụ ndị na-eme ihe osise nke ịnyịnya]] [[Category:Ụmụ ndị na-eme ihe osise nke Orient]] [[Category:Ụmụ na-eme ihe osise nke narị afọ nke 19]] [[Category:Belle Époque]] lt1d6ttxx9308cgv7wo843m440fix01 The Empty Man (ihe nkiri) 0 36002 741454 728421 2026-10-24T00:13:00Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741454 wikitext text/x-wiki   The Empty Man bụ ihe nkiri egwu karịrị nke mmadụ nke afọ 2020 nke David Prior dere ma duzie na nke mbụ ya, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Cullen Bunn na Vanesa R. Del Rey nke otu aha nke Boom bipụtara! Ọganihu! Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ndị na eme ihe nkiri bụ James Badge Dale, Marin Ireland, Stephen Root, Ron Canada, Robert Aramayo, Joel Courtney, na Sasha Frolova. Ọ na eso onye bụbu onye uwe ojii nke, mgbe ọ na eme nchọpụta banyere nwa agbọghọ furu efu, na achọpụta òtù nzuzo. N'ịbụ nke e mere na August 2017 dị ka ihe nkiri mba ụwa n'etiti United States, South Africa, na France, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara akara dị ala na nyocha nyocha na onye na-ekesa 20th Century Fox tụfuru okwukwe na atụmanya azụmahịa ya. Ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, nke e wepụtara na United States na Ọktoba 23, 2020, ka Prior ka na ewere ya dị ka nhazi siri ike. N'ịbụ nke a tọhapụrụ n'etiti ọrịa COVID-19, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nde $ 4 n'ụwa niile megide mmefu ego nke nde $ 16. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha na adịghị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ na ndị na ege ntị n'oge a tọhapụrụ ya. Nnakwere ka mma mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ pụtara na mgbasa ozi ụlọ na Ọrụ na asọ asọ, <ref name="thrillist"/> ma kemgbe ahụ, ọ nwetara ndị na eso ya. <ref name="Rejects">{{Cite web|author=Mongale|first=Matthew|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/|title=How David Prior's ''The Empty Man'' Survived the Perfect Hollywood Storm|date=March 2, 2021|work=Film School Rejects|accessdate=March 25, 2021|archivedate=November 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106165405/https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/}}</ref> == Atụmatụ == Na 1995 na Ndagwurugwu Ura, Bhutan, ndị enyi anọ - Greg, Fiona, Ruthie, na Paul na aga ije n'elu ugwu, na agafe àkwà mmiri n'ụzọ. Paul nụrụ ụda na amaghị ama wee daba n'ime oghere. Greg chọtara ya n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ catatonic, na anọdụ ala n'ihu ma na ele anya n'otu nnukwu ọkpụkpụ oge ochie na enweghị mmadụ nke dị na mgbidi ọgba ahụ. Greg na eburu ya ma ìgwè ahụ na agbaba n'ụlọ tọgbọrọ n'efu ka Oké ifufe na efe. N'echi ya, mmụọ nke ihe e kere eke n'ọgba na achụ Ruthie. N'abalị ahụ, Paul, nke mmụọ ọjọọ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na achị, na agwa Ruthie ihe. N'ụtụtụ echi ya, ìgwè ahụ hụrụ Paul n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri ha gafere. Ruthie na ama jijiji tupu ọ maa Greg mma ma bepụ Fiona n'olu ma tụba ozu ha n'elu ugwu. Ya na Paul na ele anya nke ọma tupu ya onwe ya tụpụkwa. Pọl nọdụrụ ala. Na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] 2018, onye bụbu onye nchọpụta James Lasombra na eru uju ọnwụ nwunye ya Allison na nwa ha nwoke Henry nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọala otu afọ gara aga. Ya na onye agbata obi ya Nora bụ enyi, nne di ya nwụrụ. Nwa nwanyị Nora bụ Amanda gbapụrụ ma ha hụrụ ozi e dere n'ọbara n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ na-asị "Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu mere ka m mee ya". Ka ọ na achọ ụlọ ihi ụra Amanda, James chọtara akwụkwọ sitere n'otu ìgwè a na akpọ Pontifex Institute. Enyi Amanda bụ Devara kpughere na Amanda gbara ya na ndị enyi ha ume ịkpọ òkù Empty Man, akụkọ ifo obodo. Iji kpọọ Nwoke Na enweghị Ihe, ị ga ebu ụzọ chọta karama na enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'elu àkwà mmiri, gbaa ya, wee chee echiche banyere Nwoke Na'enweghị Ihe. Enyi ọ bụla nọ n'ìgwè ahụ mere ya. N'echi ya n'ụlọ ahịa ahụ, Devara hụrụ Amanda na-agwa enyi ya Brandon okwu. James nyochara àkwà mmiri ahụ, wee chọta karama ahụ tọgbọ chakoo. Ọ na aga n'ihu na afụ ya, dịka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma mere na mbụ. Ọ gara n'okpuru àkwà mmiri ahụ wee chọta ozu Brandon na ndị enyi Amanda ndị ọzọ nwere otu ozi ahụ a hụrụ n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ Amanda. Mmụọ ahụ gburu Devara ọzọ, onye wakporo ya n'ime ụlọ mmiri nke ụlọ ịsa ahụ na mma abụọ. Ndị uwe ojii kwuru na ọnwụ ya bụ igbu onwe ya. James na eme nchọpụta na Pontifex Institute, na achọpụta na ọ bụ òtù nzuzo nke nwere nkwenkwe sitere na ebe ndị dị ka Bhutan na tulpas, nke ọ na eme nnyocha na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]]. O kwenyere na ọ nụrụ Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu n'abalị ahụ ma bụrụ onye nrọ ọjọọ gbara gburugburu. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ma nọrọ n'okwu nke onye ndú òtù nzuzo Arthur Parsons. N'ikwu okwu na Parsons, ọ na atụ egwu na onye ndú ahụ na ezo aka na Nwoke efu, na azọrọ na ọ bụ ihe na enye ndị na eso ụzọ ya ihe ha chọrọ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ha emee ihe ọ chọrọ. James malitere iche na ọ na ahụ Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu. Ọ na eso ndị òtù nzuzo ma na enyocha otu ụlọ dị n'ime ọhịa ebe ọ na achọta faịlụ banyere Amanda, ndị enyi ya, Paul, na onwe ya. Ọ na ahụ òtù nzuzo ahụ ka ọ na eme emume ọkụ mana òtù nzuzo ahụ hụrụ ya ma chụsoo ya. Ọ na enyo Amanda enyo ugbu a bụ onye òtù nzuzo ahụ ma gwa Nora na ọ dịghị nchebe. Ọ kpọgara Nora na họtel ka ọ zoo. A kpughere na ha abụọ na enwe mmekọahụ ma ya na Nora nọ mgbe Allison na Henry nwụrụ. N'ịbụ onye na ata ahụhụ site na nrọ efu, James wakporo onye òtù òtù nzuzo Garrett ma jụọ ya ihe na eme tupu ya akụ ya n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ. Garrett na ekwu na e nwere otu nwoke n'ụlọ ọgwụ nke Empty Man na ebufe na nzuzo ahụ. James chọpụtara na nwoke ahụ bụ Paul n'ezie, onye nọ n'ọnọdụ coma na ndị òtù nzuzo na eleta ya mgbe niile iji nweta ozi sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ọ chọtara Amanda n'ọnụ ụlọ ọgwụ Paul ma ọ kọwaara na Paul na anwụ site na nrụgide nke ịbụ Nwoke Na enweghị Ihe, nakwa na òtù nzuzo ahụ chọrọ arịa ọhụrụ. Ọ gwara James na ọ bụ tulpa, arịa ọhụrụ maka onye ahụ, nakwa na ncheta ya na mmekọrịta ya bụ ya na òtù nzuzo ahụ chepụtara iji hụ na njikọ nke chi ahụ site na ihe mgbu na ọnwụ ya. Dị ka Amanda si kwuo, James adịla naanị ụbọchị ole na ole. N'ekweghị ekwe, James kpọrọ Nora, mana ọ maghị onye ọ bụ. James na ada ma hụ onwe ya n'ụgbọelu dị ka limbo, ebe ihe ahụ na abanye n'ahụ ya. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ọgwụ, James gburu Paul, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ gbara ya gburugburu. Ha na asọpụrụ ya ka ọ na ele anya, ihe na enweghị aha na achịkwa. == Ndị na eme ihe nkiri ==   == Mmepụta == === Ọganihu === Na Febụwarị 9, 2016, a mara ọkwa na 20th Century Fox nwetara akwụkwọ akụkọ The Empty Man site na Boom! Ọganihu! <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sneakpeek.ca/2020/02/boom-studios-empty-man.html|title="The Empty Man"|work=Sneak Peek|author=Stevens|first=Michael|date=February 19, 2020|accessdate=March 8, 2020}}</ref>Ụlọ ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri, ebe David Prior goro ọrụ ide ma duzie ihe nkiri ahụ. Ross Richie na Stephen Christy ga emepụta ihe nkiri na akpali akpali. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.movieinsider.com/m14114/the-empty-man|title=The Empty Man Movie (2019)|work=[[Movie Insider]]|date=April 28, 2018|accessdate=May 15, 2019}}</ref> Julaị 7, 2016, a mara ọkwa na a họpụtara James Badge Dale ka ọ bụrụ onye isi dịka onye bụbu onye uwe ojii nke ọnwụ ike nke nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke, onye na anwa ịchọta nwa agbọghọ furu efu. [1] [2] <ref name="PooleCast">{{Cite web|author=N'Duka|first=Amanda|title=Fox's 'The Empty Man' Adds Aaron Poole|url=https://deadline.com/2016/09/fox-the-empty-man-aaron-poole-cast-1201826602/|accessdate=September 28, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> Septemba 27, 2016, a mara ọkwa na a tụbara Aaron Poole na ihe nkiri ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Paul, onye njem n'èzí. The Empty Man <ref name="thrillist"/> ihe nkiri ikpeazụ iji gosipụta akara ngosi Fox nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. === Nhazi === Onye <ref name="Barthelmey">{{Cite web|url=https://theartofken.com/gallery/the-empty-man-44|title=The Empty Man|first=Ken|author=Barthelmey|work=The Art of Ken|accessdate=May 30, 2022}}</ref>-emepụta ihe e kere eke Ken Barthelmey chepụtara ma kpụọ ọkpụkpụ ọgba na ihe ndị ọzọ maka ihe nkiri ahụ. Prior were ya n'ọrụ ịrụ ọrụ na atụmatụ ahụ na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scified.com/news/tomorrow-war-aliens-artist-ken-barthelmey-talks-his-cave-mummy-creation-from-the-empty-man-2020|title=Tomorrow War Aliens artist Ken Barthelmey talks his Cave Mummy Creation From The Empty Man (2020)|date=July 5, 2021|author=Chris|work=Scified|accessdate=May 30, 2022}}</ref>'ihi na oge ịgba égbè dị nso, Barthelmey nwere oge dị mkpirikpi iji rụọ ọrụ na atụmatụ ahụ. Àgwà ndị bụ isi Prior na achọ bụ "oge ochie, ikike, egwu, na n'ụzọ aghụghọ karịa mmadụ". Prior zigara ya ihe osise sitere n'aka onye Poland na ese ihe Zdzisław Beksiński ma kpọtụrụ Space Jockey aha na Alien maka ntụaka. Mmụọ ndị ahụ mechara mee ka Barthelmey mepụta ihe nkiri ikpeazụ. Barthelmey kpụrụ ọkpụkpụ ọgba ahụ na 3D. Ihe nlerean<ref name="Barthelmey" /> ya bụ 3D nke e bipụtara ma wuo na set site n'aka onye na emepụta mmepụta Craig Lathrop na ndị otu ya. === Ihe nkiri === Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime foto ndị isi mere na South Africa na ngwụcha afọ 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mongale|first=Matthew|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/|title=How David Prior's 'The Empty Man' Survived the Perfect Hollywood Storm|date=March 2, 2021|work=Film School Rejects|accessdate=March 25, 2021|archivedate=November 6, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106165405/https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-empty-man/}}</ref> N'ime izu ikpeazụ ahụ, mmepụta kwụsịrị n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe na adịghị mma. N'oge a, osote onye isi oche nke mmepụta Fox bụ Mark Roybal hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Dị ka onye nduzi David Prior si kwuo, Roybal bụ "ihe dị mkpa" maka greenlighting nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Mmepụta maliteghachiri ozugbo e goro onye isi ọhụrụ. 'ịbụ onye a kwadoro na mmefu ego nke $ 16 nde, Prior kwuru na e ji ihe dị ka $ 11 nde mee ihe na foto ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sczesny|first=Matt|title=A Hollywood film is shooting in Edwardsville|url=http://www.kmov.com/story/36266426/a-hollywood-film-is-shooting-in-edwardsville|work=KMOV|accessdate=September 3, 2017|date=September 1, 2017|archivedate=August 12, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812145327/http://www.kmov.com/story/36266426/a-hollywood-film-is-shooting-in-edwardsville}}</ref> ikpeazụ nke mmepụta maliteghachiri <ref>{{Cite web|author=Davenport|first=Cory|title=''The Empty Man'': Movie scenes to be shot in Edwardsville|url=https://www.riverbender.com/articles/details/the-empty-man-movie-scenes-to-be-shot-in-edwardsville-23059.cfm|accessdate=September 3, 2017|work=RiverBender|date=August 31, 2017}}</ref> Septemba 2017 na [[Illinois]]" id="mwdw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville, Illinois, na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri mere na Ụlọ ikpe Madison County. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Filming to start tonight for crime thriller at Madison County Courthouse|url=https://advantagenews.com/news/filming-to-start-tonight-for-crime-thriller-at-madison-count/|accessdate=September 3, 2017|work=AdvantageNews|date=August 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019214938/https://advantagenews.com/news/filming-to-start-tonight-for-crime-thriller-at-madison-count/|archive-date=October 19, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> mekwara ihe nkiri na Chain of Rocks Bridge wee kwaga ebe ọzọ a na amaghị mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị. === Mgbe emechara ya === Mgbe nyocha ahụ mere, a gwara Prior ka ọ chịkọta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo mmepụta kwụsịrị. N'ịgbaso akara ule dị ala, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere ịtụ egwu maka ịhapụ Ụtụ isi site na South Africa n'ihi oge a kara aka. Ndị na emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ jikọtara ihe nkiri nkeji iri itoolu nke ha (ihe karịrị nkeji iri anọ na ise karịa nke mbụ nke Prior), nke nwalere ọbụna njọ. <ref name="Rejects"/> mere ka Prior nyefee ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya na nkeji isii ọzọ (nke ọ ga emesị were ya dị ka nhazi siri ike n'ajụjụ ọnụ) o bu n'obi na mbụ igbupụ ya. == Ntọhapụ == A tọhapụrụ Empty Man na October 23, 2020, site na 20th Century Studios (site na njehie, a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ 20th Century Fox n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Jenụwarị 17, 2020). <ref>{{Cite web|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=September 23, 2020|title='Black Widow' Jumps To Summer 2021 Spurring Marvel Pics Release Date Shift; 'West Side Story' Delayed A Year; 'Soul' Stays Theatrical|url=https://deadline.com/2020/09/black-widow-jumps-to-summer-2021-spurring-marvel-pics-release-date-shift-west-side-story-delayed-a-year-soul-stays-theatrical-1234582771/|accessdate=September 23, 2020|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation}}</ref> <ref name="V">{{Cite news|author=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=July 23, 2020|title='Star Wars' Films, 'Avatar' Sequels Pushed Back a Year in Disney Release Calendar Shakeup|work=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/box-office/star-wars-films-avatar-sequels-pushed-back-a-year-in-disney-release-calendar-shakeup-1234715104/|accessdate=July 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/06/unhinged-redated-to-july-10-russell-crowe-1202958322/|title='Unhinged' Going July 31 In Wake Of 'Tenet' Summer Shift|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=June 26, 2020|accessdate=July 20, 2020}}</ref> bu ụzọ hazie ka ewepụta ihe nkiri ahụ n'August 7, 2020, mana e yigharịrị ya na Disemba 4 n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, tupu ebufee ya n'ụbọchị Ọktoba mgbe ọnwụ na Naịl gbanwere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-empty-man-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc01mjg5ote|title=The Empty Man}}</ref> United Kingdom, ihe nkiri ahụ hapụrụ ntọhapụ ihe nkiri kpamkpam, kama a tọhapụrụ ya na Disney+ site na Star Hub na ọrụ VOD ndị ọzọ na Febụwarị 19, 2021. == Nnakwere == === Ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ === Empty Man nwetara nde $ 3 na United States na Canada, na nde $ 1.8 na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, maka ngụkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nde $ 4.8. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nde $ 1.3 site na ụlọ ihe nkiri 2,027 na ngwụsị izu mbụ ya, na emecha nke anọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ.  53% nke ndị na ege ntị bụ ụmụ nwoke, ebe 53% bụkwa ndị karịrị afọ 25. Ndị <ref>{{Cite web|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=November 1, 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/come-play-halloween-weekend-box-office-pandemic-honest-thief-hocus-pocus-1234607084/|title=Focus Features-Amblin Horror Movie 'Come Play' Leading Halloween Pandemic Weekend B.O. With $3M+|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=November 1, 2020}}</ref>-enyocha ihe nkiri ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ ihe nkiri ahụ na arụ ọrụ n'ọfịs dị ala na ndị na ege ntị na eche na ọ bụ fim ọzọ na eyi egwu nke na eto eto na eyi ihe nkiri dị ka Slender Man na The Bye Man, na enweghị ahịa ọ bụla site na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta RelishMix na ekwu, sị: "Mgbasa ozi na mmekọrịta maka 20th's The Empty Man dara naanị otu izu gara aga na [Ọktoba] Mgbasa ozi ọ bụla dị mma maka indie, otu ugboro ma ọ bụ onye na asọmpi dị elu ga ada na $ 57% nke atọ ya mgbe ahụ. <ref name="opening">{{Cite web|author=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 25, 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/honest-thief-empty-man-after-we-collided-weekend-box-office-1234602930/|title='Honest Thief' Continues To Lead Lackluster Pandemic Box Office, 'Empty Man' Tripped By Holdovers|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=October 25, 2020}}</ref> === Nzaghachi nkatọ === <ref name="G&M">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/reviews/article-barely-promoted-horror-the-empty-man-cements-the-fact-that-its-dark/|title=Barely promoted horror The Empty Man cements the fact that it's dark days indeed for moviegoers|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|publisher=[[The Woodbridge Company]]|author=Hertz|first=Barry|date=October 23, 2020|accessdate=October 24, 2020}}</ref> gosighị Nwoke ahụ tọgbọrọ n'efu tupu oge eruo maka ndị nkatọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, nyocha mbụ ya dịkwa njọ. <ref name="thrillist">{{Cite web|author=Jackson|first=Dan|date=March 23, 2021|title=How the Horror Flop 'The Empty Man' Became the Great Cult Movie of 2020|url=https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/the-empty-man-david-prior-interview|work=[[Thrillist]]|publisher=[[Group Nine Media]]|accessdate=July 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Rejects"/> Onye nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_empty_man|title=The Empty Man (2020)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|accessdate=February 3, 2024}}</ref> akọ na 76% nke ndị nkatọ 29 enyewo ihe nkiri ahụ nyocha dị mma, na nkezi nke 5.8/10 . Barry Hertz nke The Globe and Mail nyere ihe nkiri ahụ /4, na ede, sị: "Ndị na-ahụ ihe ike ike aha ka mma, ọ bụ ebe na. Mgbe m na-eji ihe ngosi nke ehihie, nke ndị ọzọ ụzọ bịara, akara m afọ ojuju. "Ọ bụ ihe efu, ị nwere ike ikwu ya. " N'ide maka The Only Critic, Nate Adams nyere ya "D−", na pụtapụta na "ịgba ọsọ ogologo awa abụọ na abụọ iri abụọ, The Empty Man - ma ọnọdụ anya nwa nwanne nne ya bụ ihe a wepụrụ ugboro abụọ site na The Bye Man ma ọ bụghị ezigbo ụlọ ọrụ". <ref name="RueMorgue">{{Cite web|url=https://rue-morgue.com/movie-review-the-empty-man-goes-to-strange-unexpected-places/|title="The Empty Man" Goes to Strange, Unexpected Places|work=[[Rue Morgue (magazine)|Rue Morgue]]|author=Gingold|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Gingold|date=October 22, 2020|accessdate=October 23, 2020}}</ref>Michael Gingold nke Rue Morgue nyere ihe nkiri ahụ nyocha dị mma, na ekwu na ọ bụ "ọ bụghị ihe nkiri niile ka ụgbọala na ere ya, na nke a, nke ahụ bụ ihe dị mma". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-empty-man-movie-review-2021|title="The Empty Man" Review|work=[[RogerEbert.com]]|author=Tallerico|first=Brian|date=January 12, 2021|accessdate=April 14, 2021}}</ref> Tallerico nke ''RogerEbert.com'' nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 2.5/4 wee dee na "otu oge ọ bụla, ụlọ ọrụ na eli ọrụ n'ihi na ha anaghị enweta ya. Olee otú ị ga esi ree ihe nkiri dị ka The Empty Man? Ị naghị anwa. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ihu ọma, ndị na ege ntị na ahụ ya n'onwe ha. " === Nzaghachi ndị na ege ntị === Ndị na ege ntị nke CinemaScore nyochara nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara nke "D+" na ọkwa A+ ruo F. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brueggemann|first=Tom|title='The Empty Man' Opens at Empty Theaters as Weekend Box Office Grosses Less Than $10 Million|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/10/the-empty-man-empty-theaters-weekend-box-offi-e-1234595061/|work=IndieWire|date=25 October 2020|quote=no reviews (even the trades didn’t check in over the weekend), and a D+ Cinemascore.}}</ref><ref name="opening"/>PostTrak kọrọ na 42% nke ndị na ege ntị nyere ihe nkiri ahụ akara dị mma, na "ihe jọgburu onwe ya" 25% na ekwu na ha ga atụ aro ya n'ezie. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wnJoNE2JChY|title=The Empty Man Deserves a Cult Following|work=[[YouTube]]|author=[[Chris Stuckmann]]|date=March 21, 2021|accessdate=March 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/04/the-empty-man-is-the-next-great-cult-horror-film.html|title=The Empty Man Is the Next Great Cult Horror Film|work=Vulture|first=Tres|author=Dean|date=April 6, 2021|accessdate=August 5, 2021}}</ref><ref name="thrillist"/> ka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ si kwuo, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere "ihe ndị na eme n'okpukpe" ma chọta ndụ nke abụọ na mgbasa ozi ụlọ. <ref name="Rejects"/>' Film School Rejects dere, sị: "Dị ka ọ na eme na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ofufe, ndị na ege ntị The Empty Man amalitela ile adịghị ike nke ihe nkiri ahụ anya dị ka ike ya. " == Ihe edeturu == == Ihe odide == . [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] toy319fj42ncr4073zleo5h5913l4yz Alaeze Thembu 0 37366 741424 537928 2026-10-23T15:47:33Z Linux Luvver 62086 removed : 741424 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |Ndị Thembu AbaThembu<br /> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:AbaThembu_Chief_of_the_Thembu_1900's.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Siyaɓalala, onye isi ezinụlọ Ndungwana nke Thembu, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1930s<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Afọ ndị 1930&#x2009;</span></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;" |Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Nde 3.3 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;" |Mpaghara ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |South Africa [[Lesotho]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span><br /><span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;" |Asụsụ |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[Xhosa language|IsiXhosa]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;" |Okpukpe |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[Christianity|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]], [[African Traditional Religion|Okpukpe Ọdịnala Africa]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;" |Agbụrụ ndị yiri ya |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[Xhosa people|Xhosa]], [[Mpondo people|Mpondo]], [[Swazi people|Swati]], [[Zulu people|Zulu]], Khoisan |} Ndị '''Thembu''' ( AbaThembu) bụ Ndị Xhosa bi na Alaeze Thembu. Dị ka ọdịnala ndị Xhosa si kwuo, ndị Thembu kwagara n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ndịda Afrịka tupu ha ebi na KwaZulu-Natal. Nna nna Thembu mbụ a maara bụ Mbulali, onye nwa ya (nke aha ya bụ Thembu), duuru ndị ya site na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal nke South Africa gaa Dedesi na mpaghara Transkei nke South Africa ugbu a. Thembu pụtara ka ndị dị n'otu n'oge ọchịchị Ngxeko / Nxekwa, bụ ndị jikọtara agbụrụ ndị bi na Thembuland n'otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'ihi iguzosi ike n'ihe nye ezinụlọ eze Thembu, ma ọ bụ "Hala Mvelase". Thembus a ma ama gụnyere [[Nelson Mandela]], onye nna ya bụ [[Onye isi|onye a ma ama]] na-achị site na obere alaka nke ezinụlọ ndị eze Madiba, na Walter Sisulu. == Aha ya == N'asụsụ Xhosa, aha ahụ bụ ''abaThembu'', (''aba-'' bụ prefix a na-ahụkarị nke na-egosi "ndị mmadụ"). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Oosthuysen|first=JC|title=The grammar of isiXhosa|date=14 Sep 2016|publisher=African Sun Media|location=Matieland, South Africa|isbn=9781928357070|edition=First}}</ref> A maara ókèala nke steeti Thembu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Thembuland. Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, a na-akpọkarị Thembu "Tamboekie" ma ọ bụ "Tambookie". Aha a bụ okwu Asụsụ Khoisan kpọmkwem maka ndị na-eso ụzọ Chief Maphasa bụ ndị kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Great Kei River na 1820s. Otú ọ dị, ndị Europe jiri okwu ndị a mee ihe dị ka otu okwu maka "Thembu" maka ọtụtụ narị afọ nke 19. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==   Tupu mmeri ndị Britain na narị afọ nke 19, ndị Thembu nwere alaeze nwere onwe ha. Aha ezinụlọ Xhosa nke ndị eze Thembu bụ Ntlazi aNkosiyane . <ref>{{Cite web|title=AbaThembu|url=https://iziduko.wordpress.com/tag/abathembu/|author=mxhosa|work=Iziduko|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref>   [isi iyi ka mma dị mkpa] Ndị eze na-adịbeghị anya, Buyelekhaya Zwelibanzi Dalindyebo gụnyere Sabata Jonguhlanga Dalindyebo, weere aha nna Dalindyebo. Mgbe mmeri ahụ gasịrị, Thembu nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Cape Colony dị ka akụkụ nke Transkei. Ewezuga ndị ozi ala ọzọ na ndị ahịa ole na ole, Transkei bụ Bantustan. Transkei nọgidere bụrụ Bantustan n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma soro Ciskei bụrụ ala nna nke ndị Xhosa. AbaThembu bụ mba nwere onwe ya na amaXhosa, ha sitere na Alaeze Ukwu eMbo. Zwide (Ọ bụghị nke Ndwandwe) bụ nwoke mbụ hapụrụ eMbo, ọ mụkwara Mbulali, onye mụrụ Nlig, onye mụrụ Mthembu. == Eze == Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo, nwa Sabata Jonguhlanga Dalindyebo ghọrọ eze Thembu na Mee 1989; aha otuto ya bụ ''Zwelibanzi''. Sabata chụpụrụ Kaiser Matanzima, onye gọọmentị guzobere na onye kwadoro megide òtù nnwere onwe South Africa. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, a mara Eze Buyelekhaya ikpe maka mmebi iwu gụnyere igbu ọchụ, ịtọrọ mmadụ, ịgba ọkụ na mwakpo. Na nzaghachi, ọ tụ[[Rand|R]] aro nkewa site na South Africa, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Troubled monarch sentenced to 15 years|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/troubled-monarch-sentenced-to-15-years-466849|accessdate=2021-10-21|work=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Convicted king plans independent state|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/convicted-king-plans-independent-state-468539|accessdate=2021-10-21|work=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> ma mesịa chọọ ka gọọmentị kwụọ Dalindyebo R900 nde na agbụrụ ahụ R80 ijeri ọzọ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mmechuihu nke ikpe mpụ ya kpatara. <ref>[https://archive.today/20120910205654/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/d73b673c21fd43a8a35f7fbcd88b487c/06-01-2010-06-02/Tribe_suspends_secession_plans Tribe suspends secession plans] ''News24''</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; A tụrụ Dalindyebo mkpọrọ na Disemba 2015. <ref> Compare: {{Cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2016/01/01/Intrigue-in-the-royal-household-as-King%C2%A0Buyelekhaya-Dalindyebo-sits-in-jail|title=Intrigue in the royal household as King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo sits in jail|publisher=Times Live|date=1 January 2016|accessdate=2016-11-01|quote=In terms of laws governing traditional authorities, he also had to be administratively dethroned. This involved President Jacob Zuma withdrawing the certificate that recognized him as a king and cutting off the benefits that went with his status. [...] Mtirara said Zuma gave Dalindyebo a chance to say something when the certificate was about to be withdrawn, but he chose to go to court instead. This meant the matter of withdrawing the king's certificate still had to be dealt with.}} </ref> na-ewepụ ya n'ocheeze ma na-atụ anya na a ga-ewepụkwa ya n'ọchịchị. Prince Azenathi Dalindyebo, onye nketa Buyelekhaya, jere ozi dị ka eze na-anọchite anya agbụrụ ahụ kemgbe 2016. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2019, mgbe onye isi ala Cyril Ramaphosa kwuru okwu n'Ụbọchị ime udo, a tọhapụrụ eze abaThembu n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe ọ nọsịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ikpe ya. == Ezinụlọ == * Ndala * 1800 - 10 Ọgọst 1830 Vusani Ngubengcuka Aa! Ndaba! * Mthikrakra * Ngangelizwe * Dalindyebo * Sampu Dalindyebo Aa! Jongilizwe! * Sabata Dalindyebo Aa! Jonguhlanga! * Mee 1989 - ugbu a Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo Aa! Zwelibanzi! == Usoro ọchịchị Thembu == {{chart/start|align=center}} {{chart|||||||Thembu||||||Thembu=Thembu}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ndilo||||||Ndilo=Ndilo}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ntongakazi||||||Ntongakazi=Ntongakazi}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Bhomoyi||||||Bhomoyi=Bhomoyi}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ceduma||||||Ceduma=Ceduma}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Zima||||||Zima=Zima}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Mnguti||||||||||||||||||||||Mnguti=Mnguti}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ngxongo||||||Ngxongo=Ngxongo}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ntoyi||||||Ntoyi=Ntoyi}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ntande||||||Ntande=Ntande}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart||,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.||||||||||||}} {{chart|Ndungwane||||Nxeko|||||Hlanga||||||Ndungwane=Ndungwane (AmaNdungwane)|Nxeko=Nxeko|Hlanga=Hlanga (AmaQhayi)}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Dlomo||||||Dlomo=Dlomo}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Hala||||||Hala=Hala}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Madiba||||||Madiba=Madiba}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Tato||||||Tato=Tato}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Zondwa||||||Zondwa=Zondwa (he never became a King because he died before his father)}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ndala||||||Ndala=Ndala}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Ngubengcuka||||||Ngubengcuka=1800 -10 August 1830 Vusani [[Ngubengcuka]] Aa! Ndaba!}} {{chart|||||||,|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.||||||||||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Mthikrakra||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Mandela|||Mthikrakra=Mthikrakra|Mandela=[[Mandela family|Mandela]] ([[Tribal chief|chief]])}} {{chart||||||||!||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||!||}} {{chart|||||||Ngangelizwe||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Gadla||||Ngangelizwe=Ngangelizwe (Qheya)|Gadla=Henry Gadla Mphakanyiswa Mandela<br>Aa! Gadla!}} {{chart|||||||,|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|||||||||||||||||||||!||}} {{chart|||||||Dalindyebo|||||||Matanzima|||||||||||||||||||Nelson Rolihlahla||||Dalindyebo=Dalindyebo (Alava)|Matanzima=Matanzima|Nelson Rolihlahla=[[Nelson Mandela|Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela]]<br>Aa! Dalibhunga!}} {{chart||||||||!|||||||,|-|^|-|.|||||||||||||||||,|-|^|-|.|}} {{chart|||||||Sampu Dalindyebo|||||Kaiser Matanzima||George Matanzima|||||||||||||||Thembekile Mandela||Makgatho Mandela||||||Sampu Dalindyebo=Sampu Dalindyebo Aa! Jongilizwe!|Kaiser Matanzima=[[Kaiser Matanzima]]<br>Aa! Daliwonga!|George Matanzima=[[George Matanzima]] Aa! Mzimvubu!|Thembekile Mandela=[[Thembekile Mandela|Madiba "Thembi" Thembekile Mandela]] [1945–1969]|Makgatho Mandela=[[Makgatho Mandela]] [1950–2005]}} {{chart||||||||!|||||||!|||||||||||||||||||||||||!|}} {{chart|||||||Sabata Dalindyebo|||||Mthethuvumile Matanzima|||||||||||||||||||||||Mandla Mandela||||Sabata Dalindyebo=[[Sabata Dalindyebo]] Aa! Jonguhlanga!|Mthethuvumile Matanzima=Mthethuvumile Matanzima (he never became a King because he died before his father)|Mandla Mandela=[[Mandla Mandela]]<br>Aa! Zwelivelile!}} {{chart||||||||!||||||,|^|-|-|-|.||||||||||}} {{chart|||||||Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo|||||Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima||Siyambonga Dalimvula Matanzima||||Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo=May 1989 - [[Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo]] Aa! Zwelibanzi!|Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima=[[Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima]] Aa! Zwelenkosi!|Siyambonga Dalimvula Matanzima=Siyambonga Dalimvula Matanzima<br>Aa! Dalimvula!}} {{chart/end}} == Hụkwa == * Dalindyebo * Matanzima * Aha agbụrụ ndị Xhosa == Edensibia == ọchịchị nke Cape Colony dị ka akụkụ nke Transkei. Ewezuga ndị ozi ala ọzọ na ndị ahịa ole na ole, Transkei bụ Bantustan. Transkei nọgidere bụrụ Bantustan n'okpuru ịkpa ókè{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/South_Africa_Bantu.html Ezinụlọ Eze] na worldstatesmen.org [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 365c2ir9lz6rwuxqvnu36qe1b221tg1 Asụsụ Alsatian 0 37527 741455 596653 2026-10-24T00:13:01Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741455 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;" |Alsace |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;" |''Elsässisch'', ''Elsässerditsch'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |A mụrụ ya&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[[France]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |Ógbè | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[[Alsace]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala</div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |900,000 (2013)<ref name="e19">[https://www.ethnologue.com/19/language/gsw/ Alsatian] at ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (19th ed., 2016) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;">[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|link=Paywall|alt=Closed access icon|14x14px|closed access publication – behind paywall]]</span></ref>&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; "><span class="wrap">[[Language family|Ezinụlọ asụsụ]]</span></div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<div style="text-align:left;">[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] * [[Germanic languages|Asụsụ German]] ** [[West Germanic languages|West German]] *** [[High German|Nnukwu German]] **** [[Upper German]] ***** [[Alemannic German|German German]] ****** [[Low Alemannic German|Low German]] ******* [[Upper Rhenish]] ******** '''Alsace''' </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;" |Ọnọdụ gọọmentị |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Asụsụ ndị ka nta a ma ama na<br />&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[France]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |[[List of language regulators|Na-achịkwa site na&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |''Enweghị iwu gọọmentị''<br /><small>''A na-akwalite ya site na 'Office pour la Langue et les Cultures d'[[Alsace]] et de Moselle (OLCA) ' (Ọfịs maka asụsụ na ọdịbendị nke Alsace na Moselle), nke mpaghara Grand Est (nke bụbu mpaghara Alsace) kwadoro, na kansụl ngalaba nke [[Bas-Rhin]] na Haut-Rhin.''</small> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;" |Koodu asụsụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">[[ISO 639-2]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=177 gsw]</span></code> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">[[ISO 639-3]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>[[iso639-3:gsw|gsw]]</code> (na [[Swiss German]]) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |''[[Glottolog]]'' | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/swis1247 swis1247]</code> Central Alemannic&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |[[IETF language tag|IETF]] | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>gsw-FR</code> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[[File:Linguistic_Map_of_Alsace.svg|frameless]]<div style="text-align:left;">Map Asụsụ nke Alsace</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;" |'''Isiokwu a nwere akara ụdaolu [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]].''' Enweghị [[Help:IPA#Rendering issues|nkwado nsụgharị]] kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ịhụ [[Unicode]]_block)#Replacement_character" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Specials (Unicode block)">akara ajụjụ, igbe, ma ọ bụ akara ndị ọzọ kama mkpụrụedemede Unicode. Maka ntuziaka mmeghe na akara IPA, lee Help:IPA. |} '''Alsatian''' ({{lang-gsw-FR|Elsässisch|links=no}} ma ọ bụ {{Lang|gsw|Elsässerditsch}} "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: ''Elsässerdeitsch''; {{lang-fr|Alsacien}}; {{lang-de|Elsässisch}} ma ọ bụ Elsässerdeutsch) bụ otu olumba German Alemannic a na-asụ n'ọtụtụ Alsace, nke a na-esebubu. mpaghara dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ France nke gafere n'etiti njikwa French na German ugboro ise kemgbe 1681. == Ezinụlọ asụsụ == Alsatian nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Alemannic ndị ọzọ dị nso, dị ka Swiss German, Swabian, Markgräflerisch, Kaiserstühlerisch na asụsụ Alemanonic ndị ọzọ nke Baden. A na-ejikarị ya na [[Lorraine]]_[[Franconian (linguistics)|Franconian]]" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lorraine Franconian">Lorraine Franconian, asụsụ Franconian nke nwere njikọ chiri anya nke a na-asụ n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alsace na Lorraine dị nso. Dị ka olumba na asụsụ ndị ọzọ, isi mmalite ndị ọzọ emetụtala Alsatian. Enwere ike ịchọta okwu sitere na Yiddish na Alsatian, na mkparịta ụka Alsatian nke oge a gụnyere mgbanwe nke okwu French na okwu Bekee, ọkachasị gbasara teknụzụ ọhụrụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Alsatian nwere ike, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ide na German ezi uche dị na ya. Maka ọtụtụ ndị, nke a ga-abụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe ma bụrụ naanị ndị mụtara German n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ site na ọrụ. Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, ihe dị iche iche na-ekpebi mgbe, ebe, na onye mmadụ nwere ike ikwurịta okwu na Alsatian. Ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche achọghị ịsụ asụsụ German, mgbe ụfọdụ, nye ụfọdụ ndị si n'èzí ma họrọ iji French. N'ụzọ dị iche, ọtụtụ ndị bi nso n'ókè ha na Basel, [[Switzerland]], ga-agwa onye Switzerland si n'ógbè ahụ okwu ha, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-aghọta ibe ha n'ọtụtụ akụkụ; omume yiri nke ahụ nwere ike itinye aka na mkparịta ụka na ndị German Markgräflerland dị nso. Ụfọdụ aha okporo ámá na Alsace nwere ike iji mkpụrụedemede Alsatian (a na-egosipụta ha naanị na French n'oge gara aga mana ugbu a ha na-asụ asụsụ abụọ n'ebe ụfọdụ, ọkachasị Strasbourg na Mulhouse). == Ndị ọkà okwu == {{image frame|content={{Graph:Chart | type = area | width = 400 | xAxisTitle = Year | xType = date | xAxisAngle = -40 | x = 1900, 1946, 1962, 1979, 1986, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2012 | yAxisTitle = Speakers (%) | yAxisMax = 100 | yAxisMin = 0 | yGrid= | y1 = 95, 91, 86.3, 74.7, 71.7, 67, 63, 61, 43 }}|align=none|caption=Fraction of Alsatian speakers in Alsace<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olcalsace.org/fr/observer-et-veiller/le-dialecte-en-chiffres|title=Le dialecte en chiffres|website=www.OLCAlsace.org|access-date=2019-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-ethnologie-francaise-2003-3-page-363.htm#|title=Le dialecte alsacien : état des lieux|last=Denis|first=Marie-Noële|date=2003|website=[[Cairn.info]]}}</ref>}} === Ọnọdụ nke Alsatian na France === [[Usòrò:Rue_du_Sauvage.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|175x175px|Ihe ịrịba ama asụsụ abụọ ([[Asụsụ French|French]] na Alsatian) na Mulhouse]] [[Usòrò:WIKITONGUES-_Dominique_speaking_Alsatian.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|Onye na-asụ asụsụ Alsatian]] Kemgbe afọ 1992, iwu nke [[French language|French]]_Fifth_Republic" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="French Fifth Republic">Republic nke Ise na-ekwu na French bụ asụsụ gọọmentị nke Republic. Otú ọ dị, Alsatian, tinyere Asụsụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ, bụ nke Gọọmentị France nabatara na ndepụta asụsụ nke France. France bụ onye bịanyere aka na European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages mana ọ kwadoro iwu ahụ ma enyeghị asụsụ mpaghara nkwado nke akwụkwọ ikike ahụ ga-achọ. Alsatian esila n'ịbụ asụsụ a ma ama n'ógbè ahụ gaa n'asụsụ na-ebelata. Nnyocha [[National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies|INSEE]] mere n'afọ 1999 gụrụ ndị okenye 548,000 na-asụ Alsatian na [[France]], na-eme ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ mpaghara nke abụọ a na-asọpụta na mba ahụ (na-esote Occitan). Dị ka asụsụ mpaghara niile dị na France, Otú ọ dị, nnyefe nke Alsatian na-ebelata. Ọ bụ ezie na 43% nke ndị okenye bi na Alsace na-asụ Alsatian, ojiji ya anọwo na-ebelata n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'etiti ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto. Otu ìgwè a maara dị ka Swiss Amish na-asụ otu olumba nke Alsatian German na United States, ndị nna nna ha kwagara ebe ahụ n'etiti narị afọ nke 19. Ihe <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Chad|author=Thompson|title=The Languages of the Amish of Allen County, Indiana: Multilingualism and Convergence|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=36|issue=1|year=1994|pages=69-91}}</ref> ka ndị ọkà okwu 7,000 dị na Allen County, Indiana, na "ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị" n'ebe ọzọ. == Orthography == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Ụdị ndị dị elu |[[A]] |[[B]] |[[C]] |[[D]] |[[E]] |[[F]] |[[G]] |[[H]] |[[I|M]] |[[J]] |[[K]] |[[L]] |[[M]] |[[N]] |[[O]] |[[P]] |[[Q]] |[[R]] |[[S]] |[[T]] |[[U]] |[[V]] |[[W]] |[[X]] |[[Y]] |[[Z]] |Ä |À |Mụ onwe onye |Ọ bụ |Oge |Ì |Ö |Ü |Ùnu |- !Ụdị ndị pere mpe |a |b |c |d |na |f |g |h |i |j |k |l |m |n |o |p |q |r |s |t |u |v |w |x |na |z |Ọ bụ n'oge ochie ka a na-akpọ |na |ë |bụ |Oge |ì |ö |ü |Ọ bụ |- !IPA |{{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/ə/}} |{{IPA|/b̥/}} |{{IPA|/ɡ̊/}}{{IPA|/k/}}, /ɡ̊/ |{{IPA|/d̥/}} |{{IPA|/e/}}, {{IPA|/eː/}}, {{IPA|/ə/}} |{{IPA|/f/}} |{{IPA|/ɡ̊/}} |{{IPA|/h/}} |{{IPA|/i/}} |{{IPA|/j/}} |{{IPA|/k/}} |{{IPA|/l/}} |{{IPA|/m/}} |{{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/ŋ/}} |{{IPA|/o/}} |{{IPA|/p/}} |{{IPA|/k/}} |{{IPA|/ʀ/}}{{IPA|/ʁ/}}, /ʁ/ |{{IPA|/s/}} |{{IPA|/t/}} |{{IPA|/u/}} |{{IPA|/v/}}, {{IPA|/f/}} |{{IPA|/ʋ/}}, {{IPA|/v/}} |{{IPA|/ks/}} |{{IPA|/ʏ/, /yː/, /ɪ/, /iː/}} |{{IPA|/z/}} |{{IPA|/ɛ/}} |{{IPA|/ɑ/}}, {{IPA|/ɑː/}} |{{IPA|/æ/}} |{{IPA|/e/}} |{{IPA|/ɛ/}} |{{IPA|/ɪ/}} |{{IPA|/ø/}} |{{IPA|/y/}} |{{IPA|/ʊ/}} |} == Ihe edeturu == # <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecommonlife.com.au/c/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Let-Us-Reason-Together.wps_.pdf|title=Following are relevant excerpts from a letter written to the ministry at Aylmer|work=thecommonlife.com.au|accessdate=22 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228193431/http://thecommonlife.com.au/c/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Let-Us-Reason-Together.wps_.pdf|archivedate=28 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ontariomennonitehistory.org/2016/02/08/prince-edward-island-fever/|title=Prince Edward Island Fever|date=8 February 2016|work=ontariomennonitehistory.org|accessdate=5 April 2018|archivedate=5 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090546/https://ontariomennonitehistory.org/2016/02/08/prince-edward-island-fever/}}</ref> Mgbe obodo ndị Amish buru oke ibu, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na-apụ ma mepụta ebe obibi ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ ''Ebe obibi nwa nwanyị''. Ebe obibi ha hapụrụ bụ ''ebe obibi nne''.  == Edensibia == nwere ike ikwurịta okwu na Alsatian. Ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche achọghị ịsụ asụsụ German, mgbe ụfọdụ, nye ụfọdụ ndị si{{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * Marthe Philipp na Arlette Bothorel-Witz. 1990. Low Alemannic. Na Charles V. J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of modern German: a linguistic survey, 313-336. Njem. * <span class="languag<sup id=" mwbpi=""><nowiki>e" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"in lang","href":"./Template:In_lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"fr"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwBO8" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> (n'asụsụ French) </nowiki></span> [https://web.archive.org/web/20120319135708/http://www.ined.fr/fichier/t_publication/65/publi_pdf1_pop_et_soc_francais_376.pdf] François Héran, et al. (2002) "La Dynamique des langues en France au fil du XXe siècle". Ndị bi na ụlọ ọrụ 376, Ined. * (n'asụsụ French) Usoro ORTHAL 2016 - Orthographe Alsace - Iwu ụfọdụ dị mkpa iji mee ka ederede na ịgụ asụsụ Alsace dị mfe n'ụdị ya niile. * (n'asụsụ French) "L'Alsacien, asụsụ mpaghara nke abụọ nke France" (PDF). Ọnụ ọgụgụ maka Alsace INSEE Disemba 2002.{{Cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/insee_regions/alsace/rfc/docs/cpar12_1.pdf|title=L'Alsacien, deuxième langue régionale de France|publisher=INSEE|work=Chiffres pour l'Alsace|date=December 2002}} * (n'asụsụ French) Brunner, Jean-Jacques. ''Onye Alsace n'enweghị nsogbu''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   * (n'asụsụ French) Jung, Edmond. Asụsụ nke Alsacian. Asụsụ Strasbourg na ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme 1983. Straßburg: Ed. Oberlin * (n'asụsụ French) Laugel-Erny, Elsa. Ebe a na-asụ asụsụ Alsace [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * (n'asụsụ French) Matzen, Raymond, na Léon Daul. Ọ bụ Wie Geht? [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   * (n'asụsụ French) Matzen, Raymond, na Léon Daul. Ọ bụ Wie Steht? [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   * (n'asụsụ French) Steible, Lucie. ''Nchịkwa oge nke ụdaume occlusives nke Alsace na French a na-asụ na Alsace''. Asụsụ. Mahadum Strasbourg, 2014. * (n'asụsụ French) Rünneburger, Henri. ''Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Alsace-French.'' Ụgbọelu atọ. Hamburg: Baar 2021 (100,000 lemmata). == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category}}<div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; text-align: left; float: right;"><div style="float: left;">[[Usòrò:Wikipedia-logo.png|none|50x50px|Wikipedia]]</div><div style="margin-left: 70px;">Isiokwu na Alsatian na mbipụta German German nke [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]]</div></div> * [http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/alemany/a/i3/i3.html Euromosaic:] [link nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] Ọnọdụ asụsụ German na France (na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Universitat Oberta de Catalunya).  * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416181957/http://elsasser.free.fr/ElsNamme/index.html Aha ebe ndị dị na Alsatian] * [https://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/ElsWB Wörterbuch der elsässischen Mundarten] (n'asụsụ German) * [http://www.alsace-culture.com Ndị na-ese ihe na Alsatian] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240704100327/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/menschen/elsass-webschnuffler-1355900.html Webschnuffler], edemede na Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung na nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke mmemme Microsoft na Alsatian (n'asụsụ German) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120722234955/http://www.olcalsace.org/ Ọfịs maka asụsụ na ọdịbendị nke Alsace na Moselle] (n'asụsụ French na German) * [https://www.elsassisch.eu/culture.alsace.pagesperso-orange.archive/dictionnaire_alsacien.htm Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Alsatian] (n'asụsụ French) (n'ụdị Alsatian) {{Languages of Germany}}{{Languages of France}}{{Alsace topics}}{{Germanic languages}}{{Authority control}} mdtqaedvjlatzgf5d5qwhkxwdgs7nf2 Kwame Dzokoto 0 38083 741423 153235 2026-10-23T15:31:45Z ~2026-56968-42 67278 741423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|website=}} '''Seth Kwame Dzokoto''' (20 Disembra 1974 - 22 Ọktoba 2026) bụ [[Ghana|Onye Ghana]] na-eme ihe ọchị, onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/11/21/ndcdecides-kwame-dzokoto-wins-tarkwa-nsuaem/|title=#NDCDecides: Kwame Dzokoto wins Tarkwa-Nsuaem|first=Ebenezer|author=Afanyi-Dadzie|date=21 November 2015|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122170454/http://citifmonline.com/2015/11/21/ndcdecides-kwame-dzokoto-wins-tarkwa-nsuaem/|archivedate=2015-11-22}}</ref> bụ onye na-elekọta ihe ngosi ''Edziban'' na TV3; nke na-enyocha nri na nri Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/TV3-s-Edziban-wins-CIMG-TV-Programme-of-the-Year-2014-383037|title=TV3's Edziban wins CIMG TV Programme of the Year 2014|publisher=}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Dzokoto-fails-to-annex-Tarkwa-Nsuaem-seat-for-NDC-493141|title=Kwame Dzokoto fails to annex Tarkwa Nsuaem seat for NDC|publisher=}}</ref> ngwaọrụ na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress n'oge mbụ aka Ghana nke afọ 2016 na mgbaàmà Tarkwa-Nsuaem mana Mireku Duker nke New Patriotic Party meri ya. == Ihe nkiri == * N'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri == Edensibia ==   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ms5zz2l92wu8oim1a4h7c3skuo6rhip 741434 741423 2026-10-23T22:49:22Z King ChristLike 13051 741434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|website=}} '''Seth Kwame Dzokoto''' (20 Dìsembà 1974 - 22 Ọktoba 2026) bụ [[Ghana|Onye Ghana]] na-eme ihe ọchị, onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/11/21/ndcdecides-kwame-dzokoto-wins-tarkwa-nsuaem/|title=#NDCDecides: Kwame Dzokoto wins Tarkwa-Nsuaem|first=Ebenezer|author=Afanyi-Dadzie|date=21 November 2015|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122170454/http://citifmonline.com/2015/11/21/ndcdecides-kwame-dzokoto-wins-tarkwa-nsuaem/|archivedate=2015-11-22}}</ref> bụ onye na-elekọta ihe ngosi ''Edziban'' na TV3; nke na-enyocha nri na nri Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/TV3-s-Edziban-wins-CIMG-TV-Programme-of-the-Year-2014-383037|title=TV3's Edziban wins CIMG TV Programme of the Year 2014|publisher=}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Dzokoto-fails-to-annex-Tarkwa-Nsuaem-seat-for-NDC-493141|title=Kwame Dzokoto fails to annex Tarkwa Nsuaem seat for NDC|publisher=}}</ref> ngwaọrụ na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress n'oge mbụ aka Ghana nke afọ 2016 na mgbaàmà Tarkwa-Nsuaem mana Mireku Duker nke New Patriotic Party meri ya. == Ihe nkiri == * N'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri == Edensibia ==   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3rc77y2r57ta5vju00znfn7q224w2rp 741435 741434 2026-10-23T22:49:55Z King ChristLike 13051 added {{databox}} 741435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Seth Kwame Dzokoto''' (20 Dìsembà 1974 - 22 Ọktoba 2026) bụ [[Ghana|Onye Ghana]] na-eme ihe ọchị, onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/11/21/ndcdecides-kwame-dzokoto-wins-tarkwa-nsuaem/|title=#NDCDecides: Kwame Dzokoto wins Tarkwa-Nsuaem|first=Ebenezer|author=Afanyi-Dadzie|date=21 November 2015|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122170454/http://citifmonline.com/2015/11/21/ndcdecides-kwame-dzokoto-wins-tarkwa-nsuaem/|archivedate=2015-11-22}}</ref> bụ onye na-elekọta ihe ngosi ''Edziban'' na TV3; nke na-enyocha nri na nri Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/TV3-s-Edziban-wins-CIMG-TV-Programme-of-the-Year-2014-383037|title=TV3's Edziban wins CIMG TV Programme of the Year 2014|publisher=}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Dzokoto-fails-to-annex-Tarkwa-Nsuaem-seat-for-NDC-493141|title=Kwame Dzokoto fails to annex Tarkwa Nsuaem seat for NDC|publisher=}}</ref> ngwaọrụ na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress n'oge mbụ aka Ghana nke afọ 2016 na mgbaàmà Tarkwa-Nsuaem mana Mireku Duker nke New Patriotic Party meri ya. == Ihe nkiri == * N'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri == Edensibia ==   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h84o5t6wocfgse1blhdo9mqsuv6o0sa Carla Gomes 0 38973 741431 709142 2026-10-23T22:04:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741431 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Carla Pedro Gomes''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị kọmputa nke Portuguese-American na prọfesọ na Mahadum Cornell . Ọ bụ onye nhazi ntọala nke Institute for Compputational Sustainability ma mara ya maka ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya n'ịzụlite usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ iji dozie ihe ịma aka na nkwado. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Bob|title=NSF puts $30M behind software bug killing, synthetic biology & computational sustainability|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/3020329/security/nsf-puts-30m-behind-software-bug-killing-synthetic-biology-computational-sustainability.html|work=Network World|language=en|date=8 January 2016|accessdate=14 March 2024|archivedate=19 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519075929/https://www.networkworld.com/article/3020329/security/nsf-puts-30m-behind-software-bug-killing-synthetic-biology-computational-sustainability.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dubrow|first=Aaron|title=Computers play a crucial role in preserving the Earth|url=https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=138355|work=National Science Foundation|accessdate=11 October 2017|date=20 April 2016}}</ref> O meela nyocha n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ọgụgụ isi na sayensị kọmputa, gụnyere echiche mgbochi, njikarịcha mgbakọ na mwepụ na usoro randomization maka ụzọ ọchụchọ ziri ezi, nhọrọ algọridim, sistemu ọtụtụ ndị nnọchite anya na echiche egwuregwu . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carla Gomes|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/carla-gomes|work=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|accessdate=11 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ọrụ ya n'ịkwado mgbako gụnyere nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, nkewa akụrụngwa ime obodo, na nnabata ụkpụrụ maka sayensị ihe onwunwe . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Biba|first=Erin|title=Three ways artificial intelligence is helping to save the world {{!}} Ensia|url=https://ensia.com/features/three-ways-artificial-intelligence-is-helping-to-save-the-world/|work=ensia.com|accessdate=11 October 2017|language=en|date=26 April 2016|archivedate=6 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606171642/https://ensia.com/features/three-ways-artificial-intelligence-is-helping-to-save-the-world/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Steele-Cornell|first=Bill|title=App tracks Kenya's best places to graze - Futurity|url=http://www.futurity.org/herder-app-kenya-livestock-860172/|work=Futurity|date=20 February 2015|accessdate=14 March 2024|archivedate=5 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205055440/http://www.futurity.org/herder-app-kenya-livestock-860172/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tingley|first=Kim|title=Forging a New Path: The Perfect Wildlife Corridor|url=https://psmag.com/environment/forging-new-path-working-build-perfect-wildlife-corridor-91105|work=Pacific Standard|language=en|date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Gomes nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na itinye mgbakọ na mwepụ na mahadum Technical Lisbon na 1987 na PhD na sayensị kọmputa na Mahadum Edinburgh na 1993. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carla Gomes CV|url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/gomes/Gomes-CV-2017.pdf|work=Cornell University|accessdate=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207185018/http://www.cs.cornell.edu/gomes/Gomes-CV-2017.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ na nyocha == N'ịgbaso PhD ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Laboratory Research Air Force afọ ise tupu ọ banye na Mahadum Cornell dị ka onye nyocha na 1998. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Intelligent Information Systems Institute na Cornell site na 2001 ruo 2008, wee sonye na ngalaba na 2003 dị ka onye prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na nhọpụta nkwonkwo na ngalaba nke Kọmputa na Science Science, Applied Economics and Management, and Computer Science. Na 2008, Gomes nwetara onyinye $ 10 nde sitere na National Science Foundation iji mepụta Institute for Compputational Sustainability iji zụlite usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ maka nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zacharias|first=Maria C.|title=NSF Announces Expeditions in Computing Awards|url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=112075|work=National Science Foundation|date=18 August 2008|accessdate=14 March 2024|archivedate=12 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044801/https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=112075}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ zuru oke na ngalaba sayensị sayensị, Science Science na Dyson School of Economics and Management na 2010. Na 2011, ọ bụ onye ọbịa na Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study . Na 2022, ọ na-eduzi Schmidt AI na sayensị sayensị na Cornell na Fengqi You . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cornell joins Schmidt AI in Science postdoc research initiative|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2022/10/cornell-joins-schmidt-ai-science-postdoc-research-initiative|accessdate=2022-10-28|work=Cornell Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> === Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu === A họpụtara Gomes ka ọ bụrụ onye otu nke Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence na 2007 "maka ntinye aka dị ukwuu maka igbochi echiche na ntinye nke usoro sitere na ọgụgụ isi, mmemme mgbochi, na nyocha ọrụ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Elected AAAI Fellows|url=http://www.aaai.org/Awards/fellows-list.php|work=www.aaai.org|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref> A họpụtara ya onye otu onye otu American Association for the Advancement of Science na 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|title=AAAS Fellows 2013|url=https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AR13_AAAS-fellows.pdf|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref> Na Bart Selman na Henry Kautz, ọ natara 2016 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Classic Paper Award maka akwụkwọ 1998 ''Boosting Combinatorial Search site Randomization'', nke nyere "ntụnye aka dị ịrịba ama na mpaghara nke echiche akpaaka na nkwụsịtụ nkwụsị site na ntinye nke randomization. ma malitegharịa n'ime ndị ngwọta zuru oke." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carla Gomes, Bart Selman and Henry Kautz co-win AAAI Classic Paper Award {{!}} Department of Computer Science|url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/information/news/newsitem1966/carla-gomes-bart-selman-and-henry-kautz-co-win-aaai-classic-paper|work=www.cs.cornell.edu|access-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616173201/https://www.cs.cornell.edu/information/news/newsitem1966/carla-gomes-bart-selman-and-henry-kautz-co-win-aaai-classic-paper|archive-date=2018-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> A họpụtara ya onye otu nke Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) na 2017. === Ọrụ ndị ama ama === * {{Cite journal|author=Gomes|first=Carla P.|title=Computational Sustainability: Computational Methods for a Sustainable Environment, Economy, and Society|journal=Bridge on Frontiers of Engineering|date=15 December 2009|volume=39|issue=4|url=https://www.nae.edu/19582/Bridge/17281/17286.aspx}} == Hụkwa == * Nkwado mgbakọ na mwepụ * Environmental informatics == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] owtarppn9iabfy7te5c1jhcvgcc8kw2 Lorraine Branham 0 39207 741445 739331 2026-10-24T00:12:47Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lorraine Elizabeth Branham''' (December 7, 1952 - April 2, 2019) bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Amerika na Dean nke S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications na Mahadum Syracuse . <ref name="NYT_obit">{{Cite news|author=Seelye|first=Katharine Q.|title=Lorraine Branham, Journalism Dean and Mentor, Dies at 66|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/obituaries/lorraine-branham-dead.html|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 April 2019|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Berry|first=Karin D.|title=Lorraine Branham showed me that a black woman could succeed in journalism|url=https://andscape.com/features/lorraine-branham-syracuse-dean-showed-me-a-black-woman-could-succeed-in-journalism/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[Andscape]]|date=3 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Allen|first=Jo|title=Students, alum remember Newhouse dean's remarkable legacy|url=https://www.thenewshouse.com/campus-news/newhouse-school-dean-lorraine-branham-legacy-tribute/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=The NewsHouse|date=3 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Darnell|first=Casey|title=Newhouse School Dean Lorraine Branham dies of cancer|url=http://dailyorange.com/2019/04/lorraine-branham-dean-sus-s-newhouse-school-public-communications-dies-cancer/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[The Daily Orange]]|date=2 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="NABJ">{{Cite journal|author=Walker|first=DeArbea|title=A 'Drum Major' for Excellence|journal=[[National Association of Black Journalists]]|date=2019|pages=20–22|url=https://nabjonline.org/blog/summer-fall-2019-issue-how-sarah-glover-led-nabj-to-solvency-success/|accessdate=7 February 2021|language=en}}</ref> na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta Afrika Amerika kachasị mkpa na akwụkwọ akụkọ ma bụrụ onye a maara nke ọma maka iduzi ndị nta akụkọ na-eto eto. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Branham na Disemba 7, 1952, na Philadelphia na Jesse Williams na Leona Green. Mgbe nne na nna ya kewara n'oge, nne ya na nna nna ya, Henry Walls zụlitere ya. <ref name="NYT_obit"/> bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụnne ya iri na atọ.<ref name="inquirer_obit">{{Cite news|author=Cook|first=Bonnie L.|title=Lorraine Branham, 66, respected editor and Syracuse journalism dean|url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/lorraine-branham-journalist-dean-syracuse-university-newhouse-20190403.html|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rooney|first=Shannon|title=Remembering Lorraine Branham, KLN '76|url=https://klein.temple.edu/news/2019/04/remembering-lorraine-branham-kln76|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=Klein College of Media and Communication|date=11 April 2019|language=en}}</ref> gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Overbrook na Philadelphia ma gụọ akwụkwọ na redio, telivishọn na ihe nkiri na Klein College nke Media na Nzikọrịta ozi nke Mahadum Temple, gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1976. <ref name="inquirer_obit"/> lụrụ Norris Branham, onye ya na ya mụrụ nwa nwoke tupu ha agba alụkwaghịm. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Weissman|first=Sara|title=Temple University Scholarship Honors Journalist Alumna|url=https://diverseeducation.com/article/155940/|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=Diverse: Issues In Higher Education|date=September 27, 2019|language=en}}</ref>'oge ọ nọ na kọleji, ọ bụ nne naanị ya. O mechara lụọ Melvin Williams na 1997. <ref name="NYT_obit"/> nọgidere na akpọ aha nna ya mgbe ọ lụrụ Williams. Branham bụ John S. Knight Fellow na Mahadum Stanford na 1986. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Class of 1986|url=https://jsk.stanford.edu/fellows/class-of-1986/|publisher=Stanford JSK|accessdate=7 February 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ odeakụkọ na-ebipụta == Branham malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na 1976 dị ka onye nta akụkọ na The Philadelphia Tribune . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jones|first=Ayana|title=Lorraine Branham, 66, Philly native, Syracuse dean of communications|url=https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/lorraine-branham-66-philly-native-syracuse-dean-of-communications/article_2a3d47b7-e9d6-5622-b540-c1b5cb73c307.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[The Philadelphia Tribune]]|date=April 2, 2019|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214061755/https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/lorraine-branham-66-philly-native-syracuse-dean-of-communications/article_2a3d47b7-e9d6-5622-b540-c1b5cb73c307.html|archive-date=14 February 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ịkọ akụkọ na idezi na ''Camden Courier-Post'' na [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]], The Philadelphia Bulletin, na The Baltimore Sun. Site na 1987 ruo 1996, Branham rụrụ ọrụ na The Philadelphia Inquirer . <ref name="inquirer_obit"/> rịgooro n'ọkwa ndị isi akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gụnyere oge dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ New Jersey na ụlọ ọrụ obodo na Philadelphia tupu a kpọọ ya onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka atụmatụ. <ref name="Tallahassee profile" /> Febụwarị 1996 e were Branham n'ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke The [[Florida]]" id="mwSg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee Democrat na Tallahasse, Florida, ebe ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na onye Africa America mbụ n'ọkwa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Prince|first=Richard|title=When the Editor Is Black, It Can Get Complex|url=http://www.journal-isms.com/2019/04/when-the-editor-is-black-it-can-get-complex/|work=journal-isms.com|accessdate=7 February 2021|date=April 16, 2019|archivedate=14 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314161248/http://www.journal-isms.com/2019/04/when-the-editor-is-black-it-can-get-complex/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Nicholson|first=Joe|title=Top Black Woman Editor Forced Out|journal=[[Editor & Publisher]]|date=23 October 1999|volume=132|issue=43|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_editor-publisher_1999-10-23_132_43/page/6/mode/2up|accessdate=7 February 2021|language=English}}</ref> manyere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Democrat n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1999 n'ihi mbelata nke ndị na-agụ ya. <ref name="Tallahassee profile">{{Cite news|author=Dobson|first=Byron|title=Lorraine Branham, first female and African American editor at Tallahassee Democrat, dies at 66|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2019/04/03/lorraine-branham-syracuse-university-dean-and-former-tallahassee-democrat-editor-dies/3349211002/|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=[[Tallahassee Democrat]]|date=April 3, 2019}}</ref> were ọnọdụ dị ka onye na enyere onye na ebipụta akwụkwọ aka na The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo afọ 2002. == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == <ref name="inquirer_obit"/>'oge ọ na ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, Branham kụziri akụkọ na edemede na Mahadum Temple. Ọ kụzikwaara na mmemme oge okpomọkụ maka ndị nta akụkọ ole na ole na Mahadum California, Berkeley. <ref name="Klein-HOF">{{Cite web|title=Lorraine Branham|url=https://lewkleinawards.com/hall-of-fame/lorraine-branham/|work=Lew Klein Awards|accessdate=7 February 2021}}</ref> bụkwa onye Ọkachamara na-eleta obi Hearst na Mahadum Missouri, Mahadum Florida, na Mahadum California Polytechnic Steeti na San Luis Obispo, California . [1] Mgbe <ref>{{Cite news|author=Golter|first=Graysen|title=UT-Austin school of journalism remembers former director Lorraine Branham|url=https://thedailytexan.com/2019/04/21/ut-austin-school-of-journalism-remembers-former-director-lorraine-branham|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[The Daily Texan]]|date=April 21, 2019|language=en}}</ref> nọsịrị afọ iri abụọ na ise n'ọkwa ọkachamara, Branham ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na G.B. Dealey Regents Professor na Mahadum Texas na Austin site na 2002 ruo 2008. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Hanson Jr.|first=John L|title=Remembering Dr. Lorraine E. Branham, Dean Of Communications School At Syracuse University|url=https://www.kut.org/life-arts/2019-06-05/remembering-dr-lorraine-e-branham-dean-of-communications-school-at-syracuse-university|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[KUT]]|date=5 June 2019|language=en}}</ref> === Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Newhouse === <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mariani|first=John|title=Two candidates remain for Newhouse dean|url=https://www.syracuse.com/news/2008/01/two_candidates_remain_for_newh.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[Syracuse Post-Standard]]|date=15 January 2008|language=en}}</ref> họpụtara Branham site na ndị na achọ ịbụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Newhouse malite na July 2008. <ref name="Tallahassee profile"/> <ref name="Rubin">{{Cite news|author=Rubin|first=David M.|title=Commentary: Newhouse dean steered school through media turbulence|url=https://www.syracuse.com/opinion/2019/04/lorraine-branham-steered-newhouse-school-through-turbulent-media-landscape-commentary.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=Syracuse Post-Standard|date=5 April 2019|language=en}}</ref> nọchiri David Rubin, onye jere ozi n'otu ọkwa ahụ ruo afọ 18 gara aga. N'oge Branham nọ n'ọkwa, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ guzobere Center for Digital Media Entrepreneurship, Diane na Bob Miron Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Dijitalụ, Peter A. Horvitz Enyere Onye isi oche na Innovation nta akụkọ, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Loughlin|first=Wendy S.|title=New endowed chair in Newhouse School will support journalism innovation|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2012/06/28/new-endowed-chair-in-newhouse-school-will-support-journalism-innovation/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=SU News|date=June 28, 2012}}</ref> na [https://socialcommerce.syr.edu/ W2O Group Center for Social Commerce]. Branham kwadoro mmepe nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ akụkọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ mepụtara The NewsHouse. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, ụlọ akwụkwọ Newhouse mepụtara nkwenye nkwukọrịta egwuregwu ya na [https://newhousesports.syr.edu/ Newhouse Sports Media Center]. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Zilcosky|first=Katie|title=S.I. Newhouse School Dean Lorraine Branham Passes After Battle With Cancer|url=https://www.waer.org/post/si-newhouse-school-dean-lorraine-branham-passes-after-battle-cancer|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[WAER]]|date=April 2, 2019|language=en}}</ref> nyekwara aka guzobe mmemme ụlọ akwụkwọ satellite, Newhouse na New York na Mahadum Syracuse Los Angeles Semester.<ref name="Post-Standard obit1">{{Cite news|author=McMahon|first=Julie|title=Syracuse University Newhouse dean dies after battle with cancer|url=https://www.syracuse.com/syracuse-university/2019/04/newhouse-school-dean-dies-after-battle-with-cancer.html|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=[[Syracuse Post-Standard]]|date=2 April 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tallahassee profile"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Message from Chancellor Kent Syverud|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2019/04/02/message-from-chancellor-kent-syverud-5/|accessdate=6 February 2021|work=SU News|date=April 2, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lorraine Branham, Syracuse University dean and former Baltimore Sun reporter, dies|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/obituaries/bs-md-ob-branham-20190411-story.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[Baltimore Sun]]|date=April 11, 2019}}</ref> lekọtara mkpọsa ego nde $ 18 maka imezigharị Newhouse 2 na ịmepụta ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ. <ref name="Rubin"/> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Tobin|first=Dave|title=Syracuse University's Newhouse renovations bring Dick Clark legacy and Oprah together|url=https://www.syracuse.com/news/2014/09/syracuse_universitys_newhouse_renovations_bring_dick_clark_legacy_and_oprah_toge.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=Syracuse Post-Standard|date=27 September 2014|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Eisenstadt|first=Marnie|title=Oprah Winfrey offers advice to a crowd of thousands at SU ribbon cutting|url=https://www.syracuse.com/news/2014/09/oprah_winfrey_offers_advice_to_a_crowd_of_thousands_at_su_ribbon_cutting.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=Syracuse Post-Standard|date=29 September 2014|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Brauder|first=David|title=Dick Clark to have Syracuse University studio named for him|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0606/Dick-Clark-to-have-Syracuse-University-studio-named-for-him|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Appelo|first=Tim|title=Oprah Winfrey Cuts Ribbon at $18 Million Newhouse/Dick Clark Studios at Syracuse U.|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oprah-winfrey-cuts-ribbon-at-739774|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=9 October 2014|language=en}}</ref> Septemba 2014, [[Oprah Winfrey]] bụ onye ọbịa nsọpụrụ n'oge nraranye nke Newhouse Studio na Ụlọ ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ, na-egosi Dick Clark Studios na Alan Gerry Center for Media Innovation. [1] [2] [3] O kpebikwara ime ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị iche iche. Amy Falkner, onye nọchiri Branham dị ka onye na anọchite anya dean, kwuru na n'oge Branham na-achị, pasentị nke ndị otu ngalaba na acha ọbara ọbara mụbara ruo pasent 25 site na pasent 17, na pasentị ụmụ nwanyị nọ na ngalaba ahụ mụbara ruo Pasent 45 site na pasenta 35. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Palmer|first=Annie|title="Women of Distinction" featuring Gabrielle Union|url=http://dailyorange.com/2012/10/gabrielle-union-panel-discuss-black-women-achievements/|work=The Daily Orange|accessdate=7 February 2021|language=en|date=28 December 2012|archivedate=19 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319061933/https://dailyorange.com/2012/10/gabrielle-union-panel-discuss-black-women-achievements/}}</ref><ref name="Rubin"/><ref name="NABJ"/> ụzọ <ref name="NYT_obit"/>'ụzọ anọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ndị na acha ọbara ọbara ugbu a, ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Amy Falkner jere ozi na ikike nwa oge ruo mgbe a họpụtara Mark J. Lodato n'ọkwa ahụ na Machị 2020. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Breidenbach|first=Michelle|title=Syracuse University's Newhouse journalism school appoints new dean|url=https://www.syracuse.com/syracuse-university/2020/03/syracuse-universitys-newhouse-journalism-school-appoints-new-dean.html|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=Syracuse Post-Standard|date=23 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Donald Newhouse, onye nna ya guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ Newhouse, nwere ekele maka ozi ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ na ọrụ ahụ, ma kwuo na Branham weere "nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ ma jiri nnukwu mgbalị degharịa ya iji mee ka ọ dị mkpa na ụwa nke na agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile". <ref name="NYT_obit"/> <ref name="Post-Standard obit1"/> == Onyinye == * 2011 Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists Trailblazer Award<ref>{{Cite news|author=Booker|first=Bobbi|title=Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists 6th Annual Awards Ceremony|url=http://onpointcomms.com/2011/06/14/philadelphia-association-of-black-journalists-6th-annual-awards-ceremony/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=Tribune / On Point Communications|date=14 June 2011}}</ref> * 2011 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Nkwurịta Okwu na Ihe nkiri nke Ihe Nrite * 2017 Alumni Hall <ref name="Klein-HOF"/> Fame Honoree na Klein School nke Temple University. [1] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka ikpe maka onyinye Pulitzer Prize journalism, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Finalist: Jane Healy of The Orlando Sentinel|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/finalists/jane-healy-0|work=www.pulitzer.org|accessdate=7 February 2021|language=en|date=2007}}</ref> Onyinye mgbanaka Selden maka nyocha oru nta akuko na Scripps National Journalism Awards na ọtụtụ kọmitii ndị ọzọ na-enye onyinye oru nta akuko. <ref name="Klein-HOF"/> == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Branham, onye bi na mpụga Syracuse, nwụrụ n'ọrịa cancer akpa nwa na Eprel 2, 2019. <ref name="Post-Standard obit1"/> Mahadum Syracuse <ref>{{Cite news|author=Alessandrini|first=Sarah|title=Newhouse establishes scholarship in honor of late dean Lorraine Branham|url=http://dailyorange.com/2020/10/newhouse-establishes-scholarship-honor-late-dean-lorraine-branham/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=[[The Daily Orange]]|date=22 October 2020}}</ref> ụlọ akwụkwọ Newhouse guzobere mmemme agụmakwụkwọ abụọ na ncheta ya iji nata ma kwado ụmụ akwụkwọ Newhouse site na ndị na enweghị ego na ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya ha. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Loughlin|first=Wendy S.|title=Newhouse School Establishes Scholarship Program in Memory of Late Dean Lorraine Branham|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2020/10/23/newhouse-school-establishes-scholarship-program-in-memory-of-late-dean-lorraine-branham/|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=SU News|date=October 23, 2020}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qb4n0y5x2tq0abq1nqqbcw8hrm4h6op Dope (usoro ihe omume TV) 0 40899 741446 158492 2026-10-24T00:12:48Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741446 wikitext text/x-wiki Dope bụ usoro ihe onyonyo webụ nke America na-ekesa December 22, 2017 (2017-12-22) na Netflix .  Ihe ngosi a na-agbagharị gburugburu, ngwa agha, ire na ngwaahịa ọgwụ.  Ndị otu usoro na-agba ọsọ ndị mmanye iwu yana ndị ọrụ na ndị na-ere ọgwụ dị iche iche == Mmepụta == N'oge agbapụ nke ụka na ndị na-ere ọgwụ atɔ na Beek, Netherlands maka oge nke atọ nke ihe ngosi ahụ, ndị uwe ojii obodo ụlọ ha ma jide ndị ikom ahụ mgbe ahụhụ na- nna.  Dị ka akwụkwọ ozi mpaghara De Limburger si kwuo, ndị ahụ nọ na-egosi otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahihia ma si otú a DNA unit onye haziri hazi.  A gbara ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nọ n'otu ebe ahụ ozi mana ha obere oge.  Dị ka ndị uwe ojii si kwuo, egbe ndị na-emedira na asị bụ adịgboroja, iwu ka buru ibu nke ọgwụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo. .N'oge agbapụ nke ụka na ndị na-ere ọgwụ atɔ na Beek, Netherlands maka oge nke atọ nke ihe ngosi ahụ, ndị uwe ojii obodo ụlọ ha ma jide ndị ikom ahụ mgbe ahụhụ na- nna.  Dị ka akwụkwọ ozi mpaghara De Limburger si kwuo, ndị ahụ nọ na-egosi otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahihia ma si otú a DNA unit onye haziri hazi.  A gbara ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nọ n'otu ebe ahụ ozi mana ha obere oge.  Dị ka ndị uwe ojii si kwuo, egbe ndị na-emedira na asị bụ adịgboroja, iwu ka buru ibu nke ọgwụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo.N'oge agbapụ nke ụka na ndị na-ere ọgwụ atɔ na Beek, Netherlands maka oge nke atọ nke ihe ngosi ahụ, ndị uwe ojii obodo ụlọ ha ma jide ndị ikom ahụ mgbe ahụhụ na- nna.  Dị ka akwụkwọ ozi mpaghara De Limburger si kwuo, ndị ahụ nọ na-egosi otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahihia ma si otú a DNA unit onye haziri hazi.  A gbara ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nọ n'otu ebe ahụ ozi mana ha obere oge.  Dị ka ndị uwe ojii si kwuo, egbe ndị na-emedira na asị bụ adịgboroja, iwu ka buru ibu nke ọgwụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.limburger.nl/cnt/dmf20180614_00064086/aanhouding-in-beek-tijdens-opname-netflix-serie-dope|title=Aanhouding in Beek tijdens opnames Netflix-serie Dope|author=Goossen|first=Hans|date=June 14, 2018|publisher=[[De Limburger]]|accessdate=July 7, 2019|language=dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://popculture.com/trending/2019/06/21/netflix-dope-star-sentenced-3-20-years-drug-charges/|title=Netflix 'Dope' Star Sentenced to 3-20 Years on Drug Charges|author=Schonter|first=Allison|date=June 21, 2019|publisher=popculture.com|accessdate=July 10, 2019}}</ref>Na January 2019, ijidere otu nwoke dị afụ 21 sitere na Troy, Michigan maka ahahaadi ọgwụ site na Oakland County na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu.  Officelọ ọrụ Sheriff County nke Oakland n'ahụ nwoke ahụ n'ahụ, onye ọrụ n'okpuru pseudonym "Ozone", na Julaị 2018 ka ọ na-asara nwata.  ọnụ ahụ ahụ na nwoke ahụ na-etinye aka na nke atɔ nke oge nke abụọ nke Dope .  Mgbe emechara akwụkwọ ikike n'ebe abụọ, ndị uwe ojii eyịmdị ọgwụ dị wee kpụrụ nwoke ahụ n'iche iche.  [1] Edebere ya akwụkwọ n'Aka Ikaaka ahogwọ ọgwụ, nke niile ọ na-ekwu ikpe ma mara ya ikpe n' Ilẹ etiti etiti afọ 3–20 na June 2019 == Ihe omume == === Oge 1 (2017) === {{Episode table|background=#231F1E|overall=5|season=5|title=40|director=25|airdate=25|released=y|episodes={{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 1 |EpisodeNumber2 = 1 |Title = America's Cup of Coffee |DirectedBy = Dickon Le Marchant |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|12|22}} |ShortSummary = The episode revolves around [[cocaine]] usage in the streets of [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], [[California]]. Not only cocaine but all sorts of drugs |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 2 |EpisodeNumber2 = 2 |Title = Once You See It, You Can Never Unsee It |DirectedBy = Richard Mejeh |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|12|22}} |ShortSummary = [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] becomes the centerpoint of this episode as it shows its ongoing [[heroin]] epidemic, one of the worst in the country. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 3 |EpisodeNumber2 = 3 |Title = Even if They Didn't Pay Me, I'd Still Do It |DirectedBy = Seamus Mirodan & Nonuk Walter |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|12|22}} |ShortSummary = The episode focuses on the [[Sinaloa Cartel]] operating out of [[Sinaloa]], [[Mexico]] and shows the typical route of [[marijuana]] from Mexico into the United States. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 4 |EpisodeNumber2 = 4 |Title = Is It Dangerous? Absolutely It's Dangerous |DirectedBy = Ben Reid |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|12|22}} |ShortSummary = The final episode of the first season depicts [[crack cocaine]] users and dealers in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. |LineColor = #27505A }}}} === Oge 2 (2018) === {{Episode table|background=#231F1E|overall=5|season=5|title=40|director=25|airdate=25|released=y|episodes={{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 5 |EpisodeNumber2 = 1 |Title = In This Business You Have No Friends, Only Enemies |DirectedBy = Nonuk Walter |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|04|20}} |ShortSummary = The first episode of the second season shows the route [[Illegal drug trade|drug traffickers]] take to smuggle cocaine from South America to [[Miami]], [[Florida]] and thus to the United States via [[Caribbean]] countries such as the [[Dominican Republic]]. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 6 |EpisodeNumber2 = 2 |Title = You're Too Innocent for This Game |DirectedBy = Benedict Sanderson |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|04|20}} |ShortSummary = In episode six, viewers are taken to the state of [[Indiana]], where home-cooked [[methamphetamine]] is a real problem on the streets. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 7 |EpisodeNumber2 = 3 |Title = I'm Gonna Get Me That White People Money |DirectedBy = George Amponsah |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|04|20}} |ShortSummary = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] has been known for its [[Detroit techno|techno scene]] since the 1980s. The drug [[MDMA]] has been going hand in hand with underground raves for almost as long. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 8 |EpisodeNumber2 = 4 |Title = Feeling Rather Groovy Like a $2 Movie |DirectedBy = Roeland Doust |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|04|20}} |ShortSummary = The second season ends with an episode chronicling the life of a [[bounty hunter]] set out on drug dealers in [[Atlanta, Georgia]]. |LineColor = #27505A }}}} === Oge 3 (2019) === {{Episode table|background=#231F1E|overall=5|season=5|title=40|director=25|airdate=25|released=y|episodes={{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 9 |EpisodeNumber2 = 1 |Title = The Devil's Oldest Trick |DirectedBy = Phil Caller & Minna Sedmakov |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|06|28}} |ShortSummary = Camera crews examine fentanyl's impact on addicts and how overwhelmed customs agents are striving to stop the flow. Also, a Boston dealer talks money. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 10 |EpisodeNumber2 = 2 |Title = God, Forgive Me for This |DirectedBy = Jamie Welham & Vanessa Moussa |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|06|28}} |ShortSummary = A large shipment of cocaine is transported from rural Colombia to bustling Madrid. Smugglers beware: Police may be waiting to pounce. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 11 |EpisodeNumber2 = 3 |Title = No Face, No Case |DirectedBy = Benedict Sanderson |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|06|28}} |ShortSummary = As dealers and smugglers take advantage of addiction in Los Angeles, law enforcement agents search for drugs on both land and sea. |LineColor = #27505A }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 12 |EpisodeNumber2 = 4 |Title = This Isn't Miami Vice |DirectedBy = Joost Van der Valk |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|06|28}} |ShortSummary = In the port city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, cocaine kingpins employ fearsome hitmen to intimidate and silence suspected informers. |LineColor = #27505A }}}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * {{IMDb title}} [[Òtù:Aha]] arlg2wp0vkm8cxyybq416f4jujupsu9 David Hajjar 0 42899 741484 628337 2026-10-24T03:49:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''David P Hajjar''' (amuru Septemba 13, 1952) bu onye sayensi America, onye isi ulo akwukwo, na prọfesọ nke pathology na biochemistry na Mahadum Cornell. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ịzụ ahịa cholesterol arterial. == Akụkọ ndụ == Hajjar nwetara BA ya na 1974 site na American International College na Springfield, Massachusetts . Ọ natara MS ya na biochemistry na 1977 yana Ph.D. na biochemistry na 1978, ha abụọ sitere na Mahadum New Hampshire . Site na 1978 ruo 1980, ọ gụchara ọzụzụ postdoctoral na pathology na Weill Cornell Medicine / Mahadum Cornell dị na New York City, na site na 1980 ruo 1981, ọ gụchara ọzụzụ postdoctoral na biochemistry na Mahadum Rockefeller . Kemgbe 1981, ọ jere ozi na ngalaba nke Weill Cornell Medicine dị ka Prọfesọ nke Pathology na Biochemistry, gụnyere dị ka Frank Rhodes Distinguished Prọfesọ nke Cardiovascular Biology na Genetics. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://weill.cornell.edu/news/pr/2011/02/dr-david-p-hajjar-named-to-fulbright-scholars-program.html|title=Dr. David P. Hajjar Named to Fulbright Scholars Program|publisher=Weill Cornell Medicine|date=2011-02-14|accessdate=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619191824/http://weill.cornell.edu/news/pr/2011/02/dr-david-p-hajjar-named-to-fulbright-scholars-program.html|archive-date=2016-06-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2016, Mahadum Cornell họpụtara ya Prọfesọ Ọpụrụiche Mahadum. N'oge ọrụ nyocha ya, o bipụtala ihe dị ka akwụkwọ 200 gbasara ọrịa ọrịa obi. Hajjar jere ozi na nchịkwa Weill Cornell Medicine, gụnyere dị ka onye isi nke Center for Vascular Biology maka afọ 15, Dean nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Gụsịrị Akwụkwọ maka afọ 16, na onye isi osote onye isi nke Medical Affairs maka afọ 10. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://weill.cornell.edu/mtnews/press-releases/Dr.%20David%20Hajjar%20Appointed%20Senior%20Executive%20Vice%20Dean%20and%20Executive%20Vice%20Provost%20of%20Weill%20Cornell%20Medical%20College.html|title=Dr. David Hajjar Appointed Senior Executive Vice Dean and Executive Vice Provost of Weill Cornell Medical College|publisher=Weill Cornell Medicine|date=2007-08-14|accessdate=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819102651/http://weill.cornell.edu/mtnews/press-releases/Dr.%20David%20Hajjar%20Appointed%20Senior%20Executive%20Vice%20Dean%20and%20Executive%20Vice%20Provost%20of%20Weill%20Cornell%20Medical%20College.html|archive-date=2016-08-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ime nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite ya ka a họpụtara ịbụ onye otu na 2016 na American Academy of Arts and Sciences . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2016/04/four-elected-american-academy-arts-and-sciences|title=Four elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences|publisher=Weill Cornell Medicine|date=2016-04-21|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> N'afọ 1995, e nyere Hajjar nzere Doctorate nke Sayensị Sayensị (D.Sc.), Honouris causa, nke American International College, na 2014 nyere ya Doctorate nke Humane Letters (D.Litt.), honoris causa, site na Mahadum nke New Hampshire. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unh.edu/news/releases/2014/04/jr02granitestate.cfm|title=UNH Announces 2014 Granite State Award and Honorary Degree Recipients|publisher=University of New Hampshire|date=2014-04-02|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> Ọ natala ọtụtụ nyocha na onyinye mmụta sitere na American Society of Investigative Pathology maka ọrụ ya. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Hajjar lekwasịrị anya na diplomacy sayensị na amụma dịka ha metụtara ahụike na ọrịa mmadụ. Ọ jere ozi na Council on Foreign Relations na dị ka onye isi otu na Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs na Harvard Kennedy School of Government, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/2905/david_p_hajjar.html|title=Biographies of Fellows|publisher=The Belfer Center, Harvard-Kennedy School of Government|date=2014-01-01|accessdate=2016-07-01|archivedate=2016-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715025234/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/2905/david_p_hajjar.html}}</ref> dị ka onye ọkà mmụta Fulbright, yana onye Jefferson Science Fellow na Office of International Health. na Biodefense na United States Department of State, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/jefferson/pga_146965|title=Biographies of Jefferson Science Fellows|publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|date=2015-01-01|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> na dị ka onye na-abụghị onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na Center for Middle East Policy na Brookings Institution . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/experts/hajjard|title=Biographies of Fellows|publisher=The Brookings Institution|date=2016-01-01|accessdate=2016-07-01}}</ref> == Edensibia == Hampshire . Site na 1978 ruo 1980, ọ gụchara ọzụzụ postdoctoral na pathology na Weill Cornell Medicine / Mahadum Cornell dị na New{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hajjar, David}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tp29ick8x2359bsce2nqtf84hpgtmb8 Darryl DeAngelo Terrell 0 44916 741483 637844 2026-10-24T03:38:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|birth_date={{birth year and age|1991}}|birth_place=Detroit, Michigan, U.S.|alma_mater=[[Wayne State University]],<br/> [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]]|occupation=photographer, [[videographer]], performance artist, curator|website={{url|https://www.darryldterrell.com/}}}} <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hooper|first=Ryan Patrick|date=May 27, 2021|title=In its 2nd year, Art Mile is expanding its programming — and its reach across the region|url=https://www.freep.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F2021%2F05%2F27%2Fart-mile-event-expanding-programming%2F7453228002%2F|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Free Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527105616/https://www.freep.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F2021%2F05%2F27%2Fart-mile-event-expanding-programming%2F7453228002%2F|archivedate=2021-05-27}}</ref>Darryl DeAngelo Terrell (amuru Detroit, 1991) bu onye omenka America-Amerika nke dabere na Brooklyn, onye bu onye omenkà mgbasa ozi dabere na oghere, onye na-eme ihe, onye na-ahụ maka ihe, DJ, onye nkuzi, onye na  -eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede, mara maka foto ha na videos.  Ha na-amata dị ka queer, femme, na ndị na- ọnụọgụ abụọ, nke gwaworo ọrụ nka ha.  [1] [2] [3] Ọrụ Terrell na-egosi ihe gbasara gbasara ntolite, nchụpụ, ihe edi, ike, na okike, na okwu ndị ọzọ. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=February 15, 2020|title=Detroit photographer uses gender-bending self-portraits to explore black and queer identity|url=https://www.michiganradio.org/arts-culture/2020-02-14/detroit-photographer-uses-gender-bending-self-portraits-to-explore-black-and-queer-identity|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Michigan Radio|publisher=NPR|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927143839/https://www.michiganradio.org/arts-culture/2020-02-14/detroit-photographer-uses-gender-bending-self-portraits-to-explore-black-and-queer-identity|archivedate=2021-09-27}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Mkpakọrịta Terrell na 1991 na Detroit, Michigan, ebe a na-ahụkwa ha.  [1] Ha gara Wayne State University, ebe ha akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na BFA ogo na 2015. [2] [3] Agụm akwụkwọ a sochiri ọnwụ na School of the Art Institute of Chicago, ebe Terrell ụzọ MFA.  ogo na foto na 2018 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Darryl Deangelo Terrell|url=https://chicagoartistscoalition.org/artists/darryl-deangelo-terrell|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Chicago Artists Coalition|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Named Kresge Artist Fellow|url=https://www.saic.edu/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-named-kresge-artist-fellow|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=School of the Art Institute of Chicago|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927134633/https://www.saic.edu/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-named-kresge-artist-fellow}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=August 17, 2017|title=See It Now: The Overlook surveys black masculinity|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/331045683/|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Newspapers.com|publisher=Chicago Tribune|pages=4–6|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927144918/http://www.newspapers.com/image/331045683/|archivedate=2021-09-27}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell and Matthew Leifheit {{!}} Baxter St at CCNY|url=https://www.baxterst.org/events/darryl-deangelo-terrell-and-matthew-leifheit/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.baxterst.org}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=June 29, 2020|title=Works for the Now, by Queer Artists of Color|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/29/t-magazine/queer-bipoc-artists.html|accessdate=2021-09-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=DeVito|first=Lee|date=August 7, 2020|title=Why this Detroit photographer is taking 200 pictures of young people of color|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/the-scene/archives/2020/08/07/why-this-detroit-photographer-is-taking-200-pictures-of-young-people-of-color|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Metro Times|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810105448/https://www.metrotimes.com/the-scene/archives/2020/08/07/why-this-detroit-photographer-is-taking-200-pictures-of-young-people-of-color|archivedate=2020-08-10}}</ref>Mgbe ha na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ha ahụmahụ nkà na-arụ ọrụ, ma okwu okwu nwoke na-egosi;  na nke a ha kere alter-ego, "Dion".  [1] [2] Ọrụ nke Dion bụ ntọala na foto ya, a dị m ka mama m (Self-portrait 1980) .  [2] Ụbọchị 2017 ha, #Project20s, bụ foto nke ndị ojii 200 ma ọ bụ agba aja aja na awụ 20 tupu Terrell agbachie afọ 30. . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://www.artic.edu/artists/115958/darryl-deangelo-terrell|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=The Art Institute of Chicago|date=March 14, 1991|language=en}}</ref>Enyere Terre onyinye nke Kresge Arts Fellowship (2019), [1] [2] Document Detroit Fellowship (2019), na Luminarts Fellowship in Visual Arts (2018).  Ọrụ Terrell na mkpokọta nka na-adịgide na Art Institute of Chicago == Mmetụta == Akụkọ ọdịnala na egwu ndị Africa-America na-emetụta Terrell; nwere akwụkwọ dị ka 'Mules na Men' nke Zora Neale Hurston na 'Abụ nke Solomon' nke Toni Morrison na ụdị egwu gụnyere jazz, jazz mmụọ, ụlọ, mkpụrụ obi na hip-hop. Ndị obodo ha na-emetụtakwa ha nke ukwuu nke ha kọwara dị ka "ndị nwere obi ike, ndị na-achị achị, ndị na-achị ọchị, na-alụso ndị isi ojii ọgụ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=I'll be Your Mirror|url=https://www.mrqd.org/team/darryl-deangelo-terrell/|work=Mighty Real Queer Detroit|accessdate=2024-05-22|archivedate=2023-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113337/https://mrqd.org/team/darryl-deangelo-terrell/}}</ref> == Ebe obibi == Kemgbe ha hapụrụ mahadum, ha abụrụla 2023 Baxter St Resident, <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=It's Never Too Late to Admit That You Love Me {{!}} Baxter St at CCNY|url=https://www.baxterst.org/events/its-never-too-late-to-admit-that-you-love-me/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.baxterst.org}}</ref> 2022 Fire Island Artist in Resident, 2022 Lighthouse Work Fellow, 2021 Black Rock Senegal Artist in Resident, 2021 Black Embodiment Studio Arts na-ede onye bi, 2020/21 Red Bull Onye obibi nka nka, 2019/20 Document Detroit Fellow, 2019 Kresge Arts na Detroit Fellow na Visual Arts na onye otu 2018 Luminarts na Arts Visual. <ref name=":8"/> == Ihe oru ngo == === Ụzọ isi pụọ === Ọrụ ha ''bụ ụzọ isi pụọ'' (2020-2022), nke egosipụtara na NXTHVN's Gallery yana onye na-ese ihe Hong Hong na ihe ngosi 'Let Them Roam Freely'. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|author=Haven|first=Arts Council of Greater New|title=Roaming Into Another Realm: Hong Hong And Darryl DeAngelo Terrell's Portals|url=https://www.newhavenarts.org/arts-paper/articles/roaming-into-another-realm-hong-hong-and-darryl-deangelo-terrells-portals|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.newhavenarts.org|language=en}}</ref> Ibe ọ bụla na ọrụ a bụ foto nke ihe Terrell kọwara dị ka 'Portals'. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Aesthetica Magazine - Portals to the Future|url=https://aestheticamagazine.com/portals-to-the-future/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Aesthetica Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> A na-emepụta 'portal' ndị a site na Terrell yi uwe ọla edo na ịgba egwu n'ihu oghere iji weghara naanị obere ụdị na mmegharị ahụ, iji 'ghọgbuo' ndị na-ekiri ka ha hụ ọla edo, ọdịdị na-egbuke egbuke. A na-eji ọla edo eme ihe ọ bụghị naanị dị ka ọ na-anọchi anya ike kamakwa "dị ka ndu, ụzọ ụlọ". <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://lvl3official.com/darryl-deangelo-terrell/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=LVL3|language=en-US}}</ref> Ha bụ ọnụ ụzọ nnwere onwe maka ndị isi ojii. Akpọrọ foto ọ bụla aha ya na nhazi nhazi na ebe e sere ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ebe ndị a bụ ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke ugbu a ime ihe ike nke ndị ọcha, a na-etinyekwa ọnụ ụzọ ndị a dị ka ụzọ mgbapụ. Terrell na-akọwa iji ebe ndị a dị ka “ụzọ isi sọpụrụ ala a na ndị nna ochie ndị jerela ya.” <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|author=Terrell|first=Darryl DeAngelo|title=A Way To Get Gone|url=https://www.darryldterrell.com/a-way-to-get-gone#2|work=Darryl D Terrell}}</ref> E gosiputara onyonyo a n'akụkụ ihe ndekọ ọdịyo, nke nwere otu okwu sitere na ihe nkiri Sun Ra's 1972 'Space is the Place'. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":12"/>Na #Project20s (2017), ha ikike foto ihe ụmụaka 200 ojii ma ọ bụ Latinx dị n'agbata afọ 20 na 30. [1] A na-hazi foto ọ gbala dị ka cyanotype nke nwere oji tii ma ọ bụ onye nwere ike  ihe maka ihe omume mma dabara na egwuregwu ahụ nke Louis Agassiz's Slave Daguerreotypes sitere n'ike ike nsso.  [2] Dị ka ọ dị n'ahụ ha ndị ọzọ, n'ụdị ha na Detroit na egwu hip-hop nwere nwere ike dị ukwuu na ha, na egwu abụọ nwere ikike iche na ọrụ a: anyị ego elele nke Kanye West na Isi nke  isii nke Kendrick Lamar.  Maka ihe osise ndị a, ha ruru obodo, otu na mkpokọta, na akara nke igosi foto ndị a faịlụ anya na mgbasa na obodo ndị na-emetụta gentrification "dị ka ihe nkenke ndị isi ojii na agba aja aja na- iwu n'  nsogbu ha na obodo ha maka uru ego". === Dion === Dion bụ Terrell's femme alter ego, onye ha na-eji enyocha ihe a chọrọ na gụnyere. N'ime usoro ihe osise a nke foto nke onwe, vidiyo, arụmọrụ, ederede na ụda, ha na-etinye mmetụta sitere na ihe ịchọ mma obodo ojii iji gosipụta oji ha, queerness na nwanyị. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web|author=Hutson|first=Darralynn|date=2023-01-19|title=Photographic Visual Artist Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Announces First Solo Exhibition at Galerie Camille|url=https://www.blac.media/arts-culture/photographic-visual-artist-darryl-deangelo-terrell-announces-first-solo-exhibition-at-galerie-camille/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=BLAC Detroit|language=en-US}}</ref><blockquote>"Terrell dị ka Dion na-eleba anya na anya igwefoto n'ihu, n'ụlọ n'ike na ịdị jụụ dị ka onye mara mma nke kwesịrị ka a na-asọpụrụ na ịhụnanya." <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Asks to be Loved as Both Soft and Strong {{!}} Editorial|url=https://testudomkt.com/editorial/darryl-deangelo-terrell-interview-baxter-street-camera-club|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Testudo|language=en|archivedate=2024-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528112242/https://testudomkt.com/editorial/darryl-deangelo-terrell-interview-baxter-street-camera-club}}</ref></blockquote> == Ihe ngosi == === Ihe ngosi nke Terrell chepụtara === * N'ụlọ a <ref>{{Cite web|title=Library Street Collective|url=https://www.artmiledetroit.com/exhibition/library-street-collective/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.artmiledetroit.com|archivedate=2024-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304202421/https://www.artmiledetroit.com/exhibition/library-street-collective/}}</ref> * Igbe nke 24 - 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|title=12 YOUNG CURATORS WILL TRANSFORM HOTEL ROOMS INTO MICRO-EXHIBITIONS {{!}} Contemporary Lynx - print and online magazine on art & visual culture|url=https://contemporarylynx.co.uk/12-young-curators-will-transform-hotel-rooms-into-micro-exhibitions|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=contemporarylynx.co.uk|language=en-US}}</ref> * Oh, Onye kere - 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-07|title=Oh, Maker - The Visualist|url=http://thevisualist.org/2018/12/oh-maker/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Visualist - Chicago Visual Arts Calendar}}</ref> * + - 2017 <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=December 20, 2020|title=Making Way to Visibility and Inclusion: In Conversation with Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://detroitcultural.com/2020/12/20/2056/|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Cultural|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221184855/https://detroitcultural.com/2020/12/20/2056/|archivedate=2020-12-21}}</ref> * MOCA. IG (Museum of Contemporary Art of Instagram) - 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stories|first=Local|date=2018-07-24|title=Check out Darryl DeAngelo Terrell's Artwork - Voyage Chicago {{!}} Chicago City Guide|url=http://voyagechicago.com/interview/check-darryl-deangelo-terrells-artwork/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=voyagechicago.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi Terrell abụrụla akụkụ nke === * Ahụ dị ka Onyonyo; Chicago Artists Coalition Gallery; Eprel 27 2018 - Mee 17 2018 <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Body as Image|url=https://chicagoartistscoalition.org/events/body-as-image|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Chicago Artists Coalition|language=en-US}}</ref> * Gonzalo Reyes Rodriguez & Darryl DeAngelo Terrell; Mgbọrọgwụ na Omenala; Sep 7 2018 - Ọkt 6 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-07|title=Gonzalo Reyes Rodriguez & Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://www.rootsandculturecac.org/show/gonzalo-reyes-rodriguez-darryl-deangelo-terrell/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Roots & Culture Contemporary Art Center|language=en-US}}</ref> * Cubed luminous; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Pensacola; Nov 8 2018 - Nov 11 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cubed: Luminous – Pensacola Museum of Art|url=https://pensacolamuseum.org/art/cubed-luminous/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref> * Nke a bụ ihe anyị maara; Chicago Artists Coalition Gallery; Nov 30 2018 - Disemba 20 2018 <ref>{{Cite web|title=This is What We Know|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/This-is-What-We-Know/34FBFC02BB550ECC|work=Mutual Art}}</ref> * Online: Elliot Jerome Brown Jr., Nonzuzo Gxekwa & Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Quiver of Voices; Ltd Los Angeles; Eprel 15 2020 - Jun 15 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Quiver of Voices|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/ONLINE--Elliott-Jerome-Brown-Jr---Nonzuz/BBDBC89C4E88A999|work=Mutual Art}}</ref> * Anyị na-eyi ihe mkpuchi; Ọgbọ Foto dị elu; Disemba 21 2020 - Eprel 6 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|title=We Wear the Mask – Higher Pictures|url=https://higherpictures.com/exhibitions/we-wear-the-mask/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223132739/https://higherpictures.com/exhibitions/we-wear-the-mask/|archive-date=2024-02-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Hong Hong na Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Kwe ka Ha Na-agagharị n'efu; NXTHVN; Mee 5 2022 - Mee 15 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Let Them Roam Freely – NXTHVN|url=https://www.nxthvn.com/calendar/let-them-roam-freely/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en}}</ref> * Ihe ngosi Salon: Darryl DeAngelo Terrell; Louis Buhl & Ụlọ ọrụ; Mee 14 2022 - Jun 22 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Salon Highlight: Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://www.louisbuhl.com/darryl-deangelo-terrell-upcoming-salon-highlight|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Louis Buhl Gallery / Detroit, MI|language=en-US}}</ref> * Femme dị egwu: Femme Queer Gender Performance na Foto; Hood Museum of Art; Ọkt 12022 - Disemba 17 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-25|title=Femme is Fierce|url=https://hoodmuseum.dartmouth.edu/explore/exhibitions/femme-fierce|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Hood Museum|language=en}}</ref> * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Were mgbọrọgwụ na ikuku; Ortega Y Gasset Project; Ma 4 2023 - Eprel 2 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive|url=https://www.oygprojects.com/archive|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Ortega y Gasset Projects|language=en-US}}</ref> * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell: Ọ dịghị mgbe ị ga-ekweta na ị hụrụ m n'anya; Ụzọ Baxter na CCNY; Septemba 13 2023 - Ọkt 18 2023 <ref name=":9"/> == Akụkọ == * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell na-arịọ ka a hụ ya n'anya dị ka Soft na Strong | Ederede | Testudo <ref name=":16"/> * Ịgagharị n'alaeze ọzọ: Hong Hong na Darryl DeAngelo Terrell's Portals <ref name=":10"/> * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell bụ onye na-enweghị mgbagha n'enweghị mgbagha na ihe ngosi solo mbụ | Detroit | Oge Detroit Metro <ref>{{Cite web|author=Green|first=Randiah Camille|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell is unapologetically queer in first solo show|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/arts/darryl-deangelo-terrell-is-unapologetically-queer-in-first-solo-show-32160757|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Detroit Metro Times|language=en}}</ref> * Ọ dịghị mgbe akaha ikweta na ị hụrụ m n'anya | Baxter St na CCNY <ref name=":9"/> * Ọ dị m ka obi dị m ụtọ nke ukwuu @ Wa Na Wari - Tiketi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-30|title=I Wish I Was Perfectly Happy @ Wa Na Wari|url=https://theticket.seattletimes.com/top-picks/i-wish-i-was-perfectly-happy-and-more-art-wa-na-wari/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Ticket|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ịmepụta ahụ na Analog: Nyochaa nke "Ahụ Dị ka Foto" na Chicago Artists Coalition | Nkà ọhụrụ obodo <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-09|title=Imaging the Body In Analog: A Review of "Body As Image" at the Chicago Artists Coalition {{!}} Newcity Art|url=https://art.newcity.com/2018/05/09/imaging-the-body-in-analog-a-review-of-body-as-image-at-the-chicago-artists-coalition/|accessdate=2024-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref> * Kresge Arts na aha Detroit Ndị otu na nka na akwụkwọ - ARTnews.com <ref>{{Cite web|author=Selvin|first=Claire|date=2019-06-20|title=Kresge Arts in Detroit Names Fellows in Art and Literature|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/kresge-arts-in-detroit-artist-fellows-2019-12825/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Magazin Aesthetica - Portals to the Future <ref name=":4"/> * Ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Chicago na-enye: Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-ese n'elu mmiri: ọdụm maka ụlọ ọ bụla <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-16|title=Floating Museum: A Lion for Every House|url=https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9780/floating-museum-a-lion-for-every-house|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Art Institute of Chicago|language=en}}</ref> * Ndị nka akpọrọ aha maka ebe obibi Black Rock nke abụọ nke Kehinde Wiley - ARTnews.com <ref>{{Cite web|author=Solomon|first=Tessa|date=2021-02-02|title=Kehinde Wiley's Black Rock Residency Brings Rising Stars to Senegal for Second Iteration|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/black-rock-senegal-residency-2021-kehinde-wiley-1234582739/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ndụ nka: Ihe 6 Ndị editọ Galerie hụrụ n'anya n'izu a - Galerie <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-06|title=The Artful Life: 6 Things Galerie Editors Love This Week|url=https://galeriemagazine.com/artful-life-sept-6/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Galerie|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onye na-ese foto Detroit na-eji ihe osise onwe onye na-ekpudo nwoke na nwanyị iji chọpụta njirimara ojii na nke queer <ref name=":3"/> * Ọrụ ntọala | Ndị nlekọta ọbịa | Darryl DeAngelo Terrell <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Darryl DeAngelo Terrell|url=https://foundwork.art/guest-curators/darryl-deangelo-terrell|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Foundwork|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927135433/https://foundwork.art/guest-curators/darryl-deangelo-terrell|archivedate=2021-09-27}}</ref> * Ime ụzọ iji hụ na nsonye: Na mkparịta ụka ya na Darryl DeAngelo Terrell - Detroit Cultural <ref name=":6"/> * Ndị nka na-enweta onyinye 'na-agbanwe ndụ' $25K site na Kresge Arts na Detroit <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=Hinds|first=Julie|date=June 20, 2019|title=Artists get 'life-changing' $25K grants through Kresge Arts in Detroit|url=https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2019/06/20/detroit-artists-kresge-fellowships-awards-2019/1485658001/|accessdate=2021-09-27|work=Detroit Free Press|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620232237/https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2019/06/20/detroit-artists-kresge-fellowships-awards-2019/1485658001/|archivedate=2019-06-20}}</ref> * Onye na-ese ihe onyonyo Darryl DeAngelo Terrell na-ekwupụta ihe ngosi Solo mbụ na Galerie Camille | BLAC Detroit <ref name=":15"/> * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell na Matthew Leifheit | Baxter St na CCNY <ref name=":8"/> * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell - Dike Real/Queer Detroit <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-16|title=2019 Fellow Darryl DeAngelo Terrell Showcased in Mighty Real/Queer Detroit Exhibition|url=https://www.documentingdetroit.org/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-mighty-real-queer-detroit-77-years-of-lgbtq|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Facing Change: Documenting Detroit|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212150631/https://www.documentingdetroit.org/news/darryl-deangelo-terrell-mighty-real-queer-detroit-77-years-of-lgbtq}}</ref> * Darryl DeAngelo Terrell - LVL3 <ref name=":11"/> * BECOMING DION - Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Art <ref>{{Cite web|title=MoCADA Radio {{!}} Becoming Dion, an audio-diary|url=https://mocada.org/digital_play/becoming-dion/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Art|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ihe kpatara onye na-ese foto Detroit a na-ewere foto 200 nke ndị na-eto eto na agba | Detroit | Oge Detroit Metro <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|author=DeVito|first=Lee|title=Why this Detroit photographer is taking 200 pictures of young people of color|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/arts/why-this-detroit-photographer-is-taking-200-pictures-of-young-people-of-color-25084579|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=Detroit Metro Times|language=en}}</ref> * Ahụ dị ka onyogho - Chicago Artists Coalition <ref name=":14"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Terrell, Darryl DeAngelo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gejt6k9tu5d7encwkr5a583zzr0dtmx David Tlale 0 45274 741486 621592 2026-10-24T04:05:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=|caption=|name=David Tlale|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|1|29}}|birth_place=South Africa|death_date=|death_place=|website={{URL|https://davidtlale.com/}}|parents=}} '''David Tlale''' (29 Jenụwarị 1975) bụ onye nrụpụta ejiji South Africa. A mụrụ ya na Vosloorus na South Africa. Ọ bụ nne naanị ya na-azụ ya. E gosila ọrụ ya na Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, na Paris Fashion Week. O mebekwara nchịkọta maka ndị na-ere ahịa bụ isi dịka Edgars. Tlale bụ ọkara ikpeazụ na South Africa Ejiji izu Elle New Talent Show Asọmpi na 2002. Na May 2003, Tlale malitere imewe studio na Cape Town na Johannesburg. <ref name="dn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html|title=World acclaimed South African designer on the business of fashion|publisher=Daily Nation|date=5 September 2015|accessdate=12 March 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale|title=Colouring outside the lines: David Tlale|author=|first=|date=|work=|publisher=|accessdate=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale|archive-date=2015-03-26|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072|title=Tlale’s bridalwear defies tradition {{!}} IOL|work=IOL|accessdate=2016-03-12}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ nke Tshwane nyere Tlale nzere nsọpụrụ, ọ raara ya nye nne ya nwụrụ anwụ.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/david-tlale-dedicates-honorary-doctoral-degree-to-late-mom-joyce-20221027</ref><ref>https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/david-tlale-honourary-doctorate/</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tlale, David}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] js3ln84z1awg2s3y6r8wowh84mr2h6c ByLwansta 0 45298 741429 720573 2026-10-23T21:17:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Lwandile Nkanyuza''' (amuru 30 June 1995), onye amara dika '''ByLwansta,''' bu onye South Africa rapper, onye na-edekọ ihe, onye isi nka na onye mmebe eserese. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.redbull.com/za-en/64-Bars-ByLwansta|title=64 Bars - ByLwansta|work=www.redbull.com|accessdate=2019-01-16}}</ref> Site na mmalite nke ọrụ ya, imepụta eserese ekerela oke mkpa na ọrụ egwu Lwandile dị ka ByLwansta, ọ na-ahụkarị ma na-emeso ByLwansta dịka onye ahịa na-enwe obere mkpụmkpụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ. Na 2016, Nkanyuza dere akwụkwọ nyocha ikpeazụ Graphic Design ya na ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210509181021/http://normvlizm.co.za/assets/the-significance-of-visual-communication-on-the-consumprion-of-music-in-the-digital-age-by-lwandile-nkanyuza.pdf mkpa nke nkwurịta okwu anya na oriri egwu na Digital Age] ,'' nke e nyere ya ọdịiche. Ọ bụ onye mbụ South Africa omenkà pụtara na COLORS, na onye na-ese ihe nke abụọ nke Africa mgbe onye Naijiria na-agụ egwú, onye na-ede egwú na onye na-edekọ ihe, [[Davido]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://colors-studios.com/shows/bylwansta-lindiwe/|title=ByLwansta - Lindiwe {{!}} A COLORS SHOW|work=COLORSXSTUDIOS|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-16|archivedate=2019-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200856/https://colors-studios.com/shows/bylwansta-lindiwe/}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Nkanyuza na Kokstad, South Africa . Ọ gara St Patrick's College, ebe isi ihe ọmụmụ ya bụ Kọmputa Ngwa Technology, Visual Art na History. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 2013, ọ kwagara Durban, KwaZulu-Natal n'afọ na-esote iji nweta nzere bachelọ nke Arts in Graphic Design. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thefuss.co.za/bylwansta-releases-diy-visuals-normvl-still/|title=ByLwansta releases DIY visuals for ‘NORMVL Still" - The Fuss|date=2017-04-27|work=The Fuss|accessdate=2018-02-28|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164743/http://thefuss.co.za/bylwansta-releases-diy-visuals-normvl-still/|archive-date=2018-03-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Pearson Institute of Higher Education . == Ọrụ == === ''NORMVL (2014–15)'' === Mgbe ọ kwagara Durban iji mụọ ihe osise eserese, Nkanyuza chọtara onwe ya n'ala ọ na-amabughị, nke a bụ oge mbụ ọ na-ebighị n'ụlọ ya na Kokstad. Ime ụlọ ya ga-abụ ebe nsọ ya ebe ntinye uche ga-abụ ọdịdị nke abụọ. Nke a ga-akwalite ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ide abụ. === ''EP gị nke ziri ezi, akwụkwọ akụkọ Hype & COLORS (2016-17)'' === Following the release of the ''NORMVL Mixtape'', Nkanyuza ga-ahapụ onyinye egwu egwu nke abụọ ya, nke akpọrọ <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Your Absolutely Right EP</i></nowiki>, <ref name="texxandthecity.com">{{Cite web|url=http://texxandthecity.com/2016/09/bylwansta-absolutely-right/|title=ByLwansta: Your Absolutely Right - Texx and the City|work=texxandthecity.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-01}}</ref> 2 afọ mgbe e mesịrị. Emepụtara EP n'otu ọnụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji ya, jiri FL Studio na Cubase ọzọ. EP nwetara nlebanya dị mma n'ozuzu site n'aka ndị nkatọ na ndị na-ege ntị. E mechara depụta EP na OkayAfrica 's ''The 15 Best South African Hip-Hop Albums nke 2016'' na Texx And The City's ''Top 20 Albums & EPs Of 2016'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://texxandthecity.com/2016/12/top-20-albums-eps-2016/|title=Top 20 Albums & EPs Of 2016 - Texx and the City|work=texxandthecity.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-01}}</ref> Texx And The City odee Timothy Kohler kwuru na ".. ''a n'agbanyeghị na ByLwansta si mpụta mbụ nwere ike yie a na-eto eto [[Eminem|Marshall Mathers]], onye na-ese ihe na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na-emesi mkpa nke ezigbo eziokwu. Yiri ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ebumnuche bụ ihe dị mkpa'' ." <ref name="texxandthecity.com"/> === ''SPIJØNGET (2019–22)'' === == Ndụ onwe onye na akụkụ ọrụ == Nkanyuza eserese eserese na-enye ntụzịaka nka na ọrụ nzikọrịta ozi n'okpuru NORMVL. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nghọta dị ukwuu site na nyocha ya na nkwurịta okwu anya na egwu maka akwụkwọ nyocha kọleji ya, o mebela ihe osise mkpuchi maka ndị nka dị iche iche na Durban, n'ụdị dị iche iche dị ka hip hop, jazz, afro-pop, folk na RnB. === Ejije gbatịrị agbatị === * ''EP gị zuru oke'' (2016) == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ememe ihe nrite ! Ihe nrite ! Ọrụ/onye nnata ! Nsonaazụ |- | 2013 | rowspan="4" | Ihe onyinye izizi | Onye bịara ọhụrụ nke afọ | Onwe ya | Ahọpụtara |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | Ngwakọta nke afọ | NORMVL | Ahọpụtara |- | Nhazi aka uwe kacha mma | NORMVL | Ahọpụtara |- | Onye na-agụ egwu nke afọ | Onwe ya | Ahọpụtara |- | 2014 | South African Hip Hop Awards | Ngwakọta nke Afọ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.whoswho.co.za/?p=1816|title=South African Hip Hop Awards 2014|date=2014-12-15|accessdate=2018-03-01|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301224921/http://blog.whoswho.co.za/?p=1816|url-status=dead}}</ref> | NORMVL | Ahọpụtara |} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.normvlizm.co.za Webụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [https://twitter.com/BYLWANSTA ByLwansta] na Twitter * [http://www.soundcloud.com/lwansta ByLwansta's] SoundCloud == Ntụaka == ByLwansta, ọ na-ahụkarị ma na-emeso ByLwansta dịka onye ahịa na-enwe obere mkpụmkpụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ. Na 2016, NkanyuzaByLwansta, ọ na-ahụkarị ma na-emeso ByLwansta dịka onye ahịa na-enwe obere mkpụmkpụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ. Na 2016, Nkanyuza{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 128sehnx2jf3gzgf9wuixgzc2ivxrz0 Eva Hamlin Miller 0 46037 741502 736815 2026-10-24T11:32:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741502 wikitext text/x-wiki Eva Katherine Hamlin Miller ( Prof. 1911 na Brooklyn, New York - 1991) bụ onye omenkà sitere na Greensboro, North Carolina .  O tolitere na New York City wee gbanwee na Pratt Institute na Brooklyn, New York ;  Mahadum Columbia, akwụkwọ Gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke Fine Art na Florence na Mahadum Ibadan dị na Nigeria tupuga North Carolina. <ref name=":0"/> Isi onye nkuzi nka na-amụ Bennett na 1937, wee nwee ogologo ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi n'amụma mahadum na ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo Greensboro<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bennett.edu/news/congresswoman-alma-adams-at-bennett-for-opening-of-exhibit-featuring-works-of-eva-hamlin-miller/|title=Congresswoman Alma Adams at Bennett for opening of exhibit featuring works of Eva Hamlin Miller|author=Willis|first=Laurie D.|date=2018-04-04|work=Bennett College|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-01}}</ref> Tinyere onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ na Greensboro Congresswoman, Alma Adams, Miller nyere aka African American Atelier na 1990. [1] Ọ ọrụ dị ka onye nyere ya ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1991.. == Ndụ mbido == <ref name=":5"/>Mkparịta ụka Miller na Brooklyn, New York ma mara ọkwa na New York City.  Ọ bụ ada Floyd na Katherine Hamlin.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Pratt ma akara akara ugo akara BFA ya na nka nka ebe ahụ, wee gaa n'ihu akwụkwọ MA ya na nzere nka na Mahadum Columbia == Ọkwa ọkachamara == <ref name=":3"/>Hamlin jere ozi dị ka osote prọfesọ nka na North Carolina A&T State University, ebe o hibere ma nwee Z Gallery.  [1] Na mgbakwunye, Miller duru ngalaba nka na Bennett College, Tuskegee Institute, na Winston-Salem State University .  [2] Ọ bụ prọfesọ na North Carolina A&T State University.  N'ebe ahụ ntọala ntọala HC Taylor Art Gallery.  [3] Ọ jere ozi afọ 8 dị ka onye ndụ nka maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na Greensboro == Ndụ onwe onye == <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=EVA MILLER, FORMER CURATOR AT A&T, DIES|url=https://greensboro.com/eva-miller-former-curator-at-a-t-dies/article_9ba18486-4f85-59d8-9899-4197e44e5072.html|accessdate=2020-12-16|work=Greensboro News and Record|date=27 December 1991|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529223706/https://greensboro.com/eva-miller-former-curator-at-a-t-dies/article_9ba18486-4f85-59d8-9899-4197e44e5072.html|archive-date=2024-05-29|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240529223706/https://greensboro.com/eva-miller-former-curator-at-a-t-dies/article_9ba18486-4f85-59d8-9899-4197e44e5072.html "EVA MILLER, FORMER CURATOR AT A&T, DIES"]. ''Greensboro News and Record''. 27 December 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-16</span></span>.</cite></ref>Miller fim Dr. W. Lloyd T. Miller ma ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Floyd T. Miller na Tyrone Miller.  Miller ụmụ ụmụ anọ == Na-arụ ọrụ == Miller ekepụtala ọtụtụ ihe osise. Ọrụ nka ya nwere nka enyo nwere ntụpọ yana ihe osise ya nke isiokwu na okwu ndị Africa. Edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta ihe osise ya. A na-ahazi ya site n'afọ na mkpụrụedemede. ''Ihe mgbagwoju anya nke Madonna,'' 1964 <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Barber|first=Lauren|date=2018-08-09|title=Aunt Jemima no more: Black artists emerge at the Delta Arts Center|url=https://triad-city-beat.com/aunt-jemima-no-more-black-artists-emerge-delta-arts-center/|accessdate=2020-08-19|work=The NC Triad's altweekly|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBarber2018">Barber, Lauren (2018-08-09). [https://triad-city-beat.com/aunt-jemima-no-more-black-artists-emerge-delta-arts-center/ "Aunt Jemima no more: Black artists emerge at the Delta Arts Center"]. ''The NC Triad's altweekly''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> ''Ụda n'ime'' ''Sight'' ''-'' ''A Rhapsody,'' 1964 <ref name=":4"/> ''Nkpuchi Luba,'' 1968 <ref name=":4"/> ''Oge ịpụ,'' 1975 <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Eva Hamlin Miller {{!}} artnet|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/eva-hamlin-miller/|accessdate=2020-08-19|work=www.artnet.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.artnet.com/artists/eva-hamlin-miller/ "Eva Hamlin Miller | artnet"]. ''www.artnet.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> ''Abụ nke Mozambique #2,'' 1975 <ref name=":4"/> ''Nefertiti,'' 1991 <ref name=":3"/> ''Ntụnye akpụkpọ anụ II'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Auctions|first=Leland Little|title=Eva Hamlin Miller (NC, 1911-1992), Skinny Dipping|url=https://www.lelandlittle.com/items/171223/eva-hamlin-miller-nc-1911-1992-skinny-dipping/|accessdate=2023-05-22|work=www.lelandlittle.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":4"/> ... O mekwara windo ugogbe anya dị na Bennett College, Saint James Presbyterian Church, Saint Matthews Methodist Church, na Shaịlo Baptist Church. <ref name=":2"/> Miller nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na-ele ya anya.  John Rogers, onye bụ "onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ahụ ihe" [1] akwụkwọ n'ime ya, nke mere ka ya na ya rụkọọ ọrụ ọtụtụ oge.  Ọ bụghị nanị Rogers mụrụ ya dị ka onye onye, ​​ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya kwuru na ọ pịa ha ịbụ ndị na-ese ihe na ndị mmadụ ka mma. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.greensboro.com/eva-hamlin-miller-leaves-behind-strong-imprint-by-creating-art/article_19f8df6e-a497-58fc-b8e2-657e5d6a40a7.html|title=EVA HAMLIN MILLER LEAVES BEHIND STRONG IMPRINT BY CREATING ART, TEACHING AND ESTABLISHING GALLERIES|author=ABE D. JONES JR|work=Greensboro News and Record|date=February 1994|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529223703/https://greensboro.com/eva-hamlin-miller-leaves-behind-strong-imprint-by-creating-art/article_19f8df6e-a497-58fc-b8e2-657e5d6a40a7.html|archive-date=2024-05-29|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFABE_D._JONES_JR1994">ABE D. JONES JR (February 1994). . ''Greensboro News and Record''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ọnwụ == Miller nwụrụ na Disemba 26, 1991, na New York City. E mere olili ozu ya na St. James Presbyterian Church ma e liri ya n'ili Maplewood. <ref name=":5"/> == Mmezu == Miller nwetara ọtụtụ ihe ọ rụzuru n'oge ndụ ya niile. N'akwụkwọ ''Greensboro North Carolina'', Otis Hairston na-ede, "otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ọrụ ya gụnyere òkù nke President na Oriakụ Carter na White House maka nkwenye ya dị ka onye isi na-ese ihe nke Africa-American." <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Hairston|first=Otis L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thln5h9G2t4C&q=%22Eva+Hamlin+Miller%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA15|title=Greensboro North Carolina|date=2003|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-1525-0|language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHairston2003">Hairston, Otis L. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=thln5h9G2t4C&q=%22Eva+Hamlin+Miller%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA15 ''Greensboro North Carolina'']. Arcadia Publishing. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-0-7385-1525-0|<bdi>978-0-7385-1525-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ọ bụ onye nlekọta nke African American Atelier ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Women and politics : a quest for political equality in an age of economic inequality|author=Burrell|first=Barbara C.|authorlink=Barbara Burrell|year=2018|isbn=9781138856554|location=New York, NY|pages=174|oclc=994287501}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} l372nsv0qo0lxyslq1qnf4uh2cubpnd David Nelson (onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na Utah) 0 46447 741485 737041 2026-10-24T04:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 30 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Keith Nelson''' bu Onye amụrụ n' onwa Epril na ubochi asaa, na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri isii na abuo bụ onye Amerika na-eme ihe maka ichebe ikike nhata maka ndị inyom, nwoke na nwoke, nwoke na nwanyị na ndị na alu Onwe ha (LGBT). O guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù na-enweghị uru metụtara LGBT na [[Yútạh|Utah]] ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya na Democratic Party gbara ọtụtụ ndị LGBT Utah ume ka ha bụrụ ndị isi otu. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye omeiwu na onye isi na-akwado iwu rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu, na iwu obodo LGBT na iwu ndị ọzọ. == Nke Onye == A mụrụ Nelson na Salt Lake City dị ka onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Cannon. Ọ gụrụ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Utah site na afo otu puku na nari itoolu na iri asato na abuo ruo na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano . Ọ lara ezumike nká na afo puku abuo na otu site na ọrụ ọkachamara ya na ahịa na mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ma biri na Brigham City, Utah. Ọ na-ebi na nkwarụ, a chọpụtakwara ya na afo puku abuo na iri na ise na o newer Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mgbe e guzobere nchọpụta ya, o raara ikike ya nye nkwado LGBT autism, ma nyere aka mepụta nzukọ LGBTQ-Autism Utah na afo puku abuo na iri na asato na Utah Pride Center, Utah Pride Festival na Mahadum Utah Health Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinic.<ref name="LGBTQ Autists will have a place at Pride(2019-05-24)">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=QSaltLake Magazine|page=OL|publisher=QSaltLake|date=2019-05-24|url=https://www.qsaltlake.com/news/2019/05/24/lgbtq-autists-will-have-a-place-at-pride/|accessdate=2019-05-24}}</ref><ref name="Tradewinds (2000-05-05)">{{Cite news|title=Tradewinds|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-5|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-05-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100EE05D6B8B3531&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021452/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100EE05D6B8B3531&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Index to Politicians (2004)">{{Cite web|title=Index to Politicians|work=The Political Graveyard|publisher=Lawrence "Larry" Kestenbaum|year=2004|url=http://www.politicalgraveyard.com/bio/nelson.html#0bm0j0y8v|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Gun control pros and cons charge up 'Freedom Forum' (2004-09-30)">{{Cite news|author=May|first=Heather|title=Gun control pros and cons charge up 'Freedom Forum'|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-5|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2004-09-30|url=http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_2418138|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Cannon family of Utah (2005-03-10)">{{Cite web|title=Cannon family of Utah|work=The Political Graveyard|publisher=Lawrence "Larry" Kestenbaum|date=2005-03-10|url=http://www.politicalgraveyard.com/families/10239.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=November 3, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103100217/http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10239.html}}</ref><ref name="Some in S.L. worry about use of funds (2005-09-07)">{{Cite news|author=Snyder|first=Brady|title=Some in S.L. worry about use of funds|work=Deseret News|page=A-4|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2005-09-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10C7D32F00EBDED0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Charitable surge may help Utah (2005-09-12)">{{Cite news|author=Stewart|first=Kirsten|title=Charitable surge may help Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2005-09-12|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3021335&itype=ngpsid|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)"/><ref name="LGBT Dems: 25 years in Utah (2014-12-18)">{{Cite news|title=LGBT Dems: 25 years in Utah|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2014-12-18|url=http://www.gaysaltlake.com/news/2014/12/18/lgbt-dems-25-years-utah|accessdate=2015-08-20}}</ref><ref name="Utah Pride Center, UofU autism clinic partner to discuss the links between LGBTs and ASD (2018-12-06)">{{Cite news|date=2018-12-06|title=Utah Pride Center, UofU autism clinic partner to discuss the links between LGBTs and ASD|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1812ae/10?ff|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=17|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2018-12-06}}</ref><ref name="Utah LGBT and autism groups connect (2018-12-20)">{{Cite news|author=Dobner|first=Jennifer|date=2018-12-20|title=Utah LGBT and autism groups connect|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1901e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=9|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2018-12-20}}</ref><ref name="LGBTQ-Autism will be part of the Utah Pride Festival for first time. Author will speak. (2019-05-24)">{{Cite news|date=2019-05-24|title=LGBTQ-Autism will be part of the Utah Pride Festival for first time. Author will speak.|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl1901e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=13|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2019-05-24}}</ref> Ọ maliteghachiri ịkekọrịta aha ya nke Islamic [[Sayyid]] na afo puku abuo na iri abuo mgbe afọ iri abuo na ise gasịrị na òtù LGBT / MENA, ihe omume na ndị ọzọ, na inye ha ndụmọdụ site n'ịmepụta otu nkwado. Ìgwè ndị dị otú ahụ arụwo ọrụ na mpaghara MENA na ihe omume LGBT na òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="LGBTQ and MENA build new communities (2021-03-16)"> {{Cite news|date=2021-03-16|title=LGBTQ and MENA build new communities|url=https://issuu.com/qsaltlake/docs/qsl2104e|work=QSaltLake Magazine|page=14|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|accessdate=2021-03-16}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Nelson anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kemgbe afọ otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'afọ ndị otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na Utah, ọrụ ya gụnyere inyere aka iduzi òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[California]] na District of Columbia.<ref name="News briefs: PAC leader (1997-01-12)">{{Cite news|title=News briefs: PAC leader|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1997-01-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F8174B52F5428&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116061552/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F8174B52F5428&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2018-11-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọrụ ya gosipụtara echiche nke Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Jeffersonian gụnyere ndị maka American republicanism, Ọrụ obodo na nha nhata nke Ohere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị LGBT na nke abụọ gosipụtara echiche maka gọọmentị a kpaara ókè nke a machibidoro imebi ikike okike nke ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ikike nke steeti. Ọrụ ya dọtara uche ndị isi gọọmentị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndị nta akụkọ akụkọ.<ref name="Gay advocates seeking civil rights memorabilia (2013-02-24)">{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Ray|title=Gay advocates seeking civil rights memorabilia|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=MediaNews Group|date=2013-02-24|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/55883507-78/gay-utah-stonewall-lesbian.html.csp|accessdate=2013-02-24}}</ref>    Dị ka onye ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Nelson guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị akụkụ na Utah ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado Iwu ọha na eze rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu LGBT na iwu obodo, iwu, iwu na iwu, yana ịjụ iwu ndị ọzọ. ==== Nhazi ==== Nelson guzobere Military Law Task Force nke Salt Lake City na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo, ma jee ozi dị ka onye ọka iwu nchịkwa site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na afo maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ndị agha ochie. <ref name="Editorial: Draft resister refuses to come in from the cold (1982-10-05)">{{Cite news|title=Editorial: Draft resister refuses to come in from the cold|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=6|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1982-10-05}}</ref> <ref name="Students may receive draft info (1982-10-11)">{{Cite news|author=Adelman|first=Matt|title=Students may receive draft info|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=3|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1982-10-11}}</ref> <ref name="Military Law Task Force to help female veterans (1982-11-11)">{{Cite news|title=Military Law Task Force to help female veterans|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-11|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1982-11-11}}</ref><ref name="U copes with federal regulations (1983-02-22)">{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Steve|title=U copes with federal regulations|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1983-02-22}}</ref><ref name="Draft law draws chaos, claim aid officials, prof (1983-03-07)">{{Cite news|author=Green|first=Steve|title=Draft law draws chaos, claim aid officials, prof|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1983-03-07}}</ref> O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na afo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Lesbian and Gay Student Union na Mahadum Utah. O jere ozi na afo puku abuo na abuo dị ka onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke Mahadum Utah Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Resource Center na dịka onye isi oche nke kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze.<ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)"/><ref name="Up Front: Newsletter (1984-01)">{{Cite news|title=Staff|work=Up Front: Newsletter|page=5|publisher=University of Utah Lesbian and Gay Student Union|date=January 1984}}</ref> O nyere aka chọta Gay Community Inc. na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise, ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Community Reporter. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Triangle Magazine, na afo puku abuo na ano dị ka onye nchịkọta egwuregwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Salt Lake Metro'' na afo puku abuo na isii dị ka onye edemede nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''QSaltLake''.<ref name="A GCI response: The other side of the story (1985-06)">{{Cite news|author=Aaron|first=Michael|title=A GCI response: The other side of the story|work=Community Reporter|page=3|publisher=Gay Community Inc.|date=June 1985}}</ref><ref name="History of gay press in Utah (2005-04-15)">{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=History of gay press in Utah|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-04-15}}</ref><ref name="The gay vote (1986-03)">{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=The gay vote|work=Triangle Magazine|page=7|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=March 1986}}</ref><ref name="Lambda lore: This week in lambda history (2005-11-01)">{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Lambda lore: This week in lambda history|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2005-11-01}}</ref><ref name="Sports (2004-10-28)">{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=Sports|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2004-10-28}}</ref><ref name="The permanent record (2006-11-01)">{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=David|title=The permanent record|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-11-01}}</ref> Ọ gbara The Times of Harvey Milk gay filmmaker Rob Epstein na Before Stonewall lesbian filmmaker Greta Schiller ajụjụ ọnụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise na Sundance Film Festival..KRCL Redio gbasaa ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Community Reporter bipụtara akụkụ ya. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ teknụzụ maka Sundance Institute site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise na maka emume ahụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ano ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii. <ref name="Gay film nominated for Academy Award (1985-02)">{{Cite news|title=Gay film nominated for Academy Award|work=Community Reporter|page=1|publisher=Gay Community Inc.|date=February 1985}}</ref> <ref name="Unfortunate screening plagues Park City film festival premiere (1986-01-21)">{{Cite news|author=Orme|first=Terry|title=Unfortunate screening plagues Park City film festival premiere|work=Community Reporter|page=1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-01-21}}</ref><ref name="Power (1986)">{{Cite web|title=Power (1986)|work=IMDb.com|publisher=IMDb.com Inc.|year=1990–2012|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091786/trivia?tab=tr&item=tr0573330|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Party in a box: The story of the Sundance Film Festival (1999-09-01)">{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Lory|title=Party in a box: The story of the Sundance Film Festival|publisher=Gibbs Smith Publishers|date=1999-09-01|location=Salt Lake City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTUbAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-0-87905-861-6}}</ref> O nyere aka chọta Kansụl Obodo Gay na Lesbian nke Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii. <ref name="Memoirs of a Utah Gay Activist 1986 (2006-12-23)">{{Cite web|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=December 1986|work=Memoirs of a Utah Gay Activist 1986|publisher=Ben Williams|date=2006-12-23|url=http://gayflower.blogspot.com/2006/12/december-1986.html|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato dị ka onye mmekọ Utah nke Fairness Fund nke dị na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]. Òtù a nwetara na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato site na Human Rights Campaign Fund Inc. (HRCF) nke dị na Washington dị ka ngalaba ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato na site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na itolu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu dị ka onye nduzi HRCF Utah.<ref name="Guide to the Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005 (2007-02)">{{Cite web|title=Guide to the Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005|work=Human Rights Campaign Records, 1975-2005|publisher=Cornell University|date=February 2007|url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM07712.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311183113/http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM07712.html|archive-date=2013-03-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ haziri LGBT Utahns site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa na site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa iji gaa emume ncheta Utah Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust na Utah Capitol rotunda. O mepụtara ma nyere aka kesaa akwụkwọ mpịakọta na ihe ngosi triangle pink na triangle ojii maka ndị na-echeta ya.<ref name="GLUD plans attendance at state Holocaust memorial (1994-03-14)">{{Cite web|title=GLUD plans attendance at state Holocaust memorial|work=Queer Resources Directory|publisher=Ron Buckmire|date=1994-03-14|url=http://www.qrd.org/qrd/usa/utah/GLUD/1994/plans.to.attend.holocaust.memorial-03.14.94|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na asato na itolu dị ka onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke San Jose, California Bay Area Municipal Elections Committee. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa dị ka onye ọbịa na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha na kọleji, obodo na òtù LGBT na Utah gụnyere Mahadum Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics, Mahadum Weber State na YWCA nke Salt Lake City.<ref name="YWCA begins Week Without Violence (1998-10-18)">{{Cite news|title=YWCA begins Week Without Violence|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1998-10-18|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/658114/ywca-begins-week-without-violence.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2012-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023101423/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/658114/YWCA-begins-Week-Without-Violence.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)">{{Cite news|author=Vigh|first=Michael|title=Punishment should fit hate crime|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F3E5455C9C5E6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134451/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F3E5455C9C5E6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Corrections & clarifications (1998-10-25)">{{Cite news|title=Corrections & clarifications|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-10-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F2B92D0774B10&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate (1991-11-22)">{{Cite news|author=Sisco|first=Carol|title=Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=E-22|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-11-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10117A44841C5F1D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Clinton support falls in gay community (1993-10-13)">{{Cite news|author=Myers|first=Melinda|title=Clinton support falls in gay community|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1993-10-13}}</ref><ref name="GLUD directors to speak at WSU (1994-02)">{{Cite news|title=GLUD directors to speak at WSU|work=The Pillar|page=11|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=February 1994}}</ref><ref name="Forums (1994-09-23)">{{Cite news|author=Frampton|first=Amy|title=Forums|work=Politics at the Hinckley Institute|page=10|publisher=Hinckley Institute of Politics|date=1994-09-23}}</ref><ref name="Skinheads crash meeting of gays, lesbians (1994-10-24)">{{Cite news|author=Gilmore|first=Rich|title=Skinheads crash meeting of gays, lesbians|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=D-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-10-24}}</ref><ref name="Neo-Nazis shout insults at gay rally in Cedar City (1994-10-24)">{{Cite news|title=Neo-Nazis shout insults at gay rally in Cedar City|work=Deseret News|page=A-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-10-24|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/383294/neo-nazis-shout-insults-at-gay-rally-in-cedar-city.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035027/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/383294/NEO-NAZIS-SHOUT-INSULTS-AT-GAY-RALLY-IN-CEDAR-CITY.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U. (1999-02-19)">{{Cite news|author=Parkinson|first=Jacob|title=Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U.|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1999-02-19}}</ref><ref name="Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says (1999-02-19)">{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1999-02-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F364DBEE678E98B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Citizens: Community calendar (1997-04-30)">{{Cite news|title=Citizens: Community calendar|work=Deseret News|page=2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1997-04-30|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xvRHAAAAIBAJ&pg=3090%2C8326267|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ haziri lobbying nke ndị otu US congressional delegation si Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato site na ndị na-akwado ha na March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation.<ref name="Bennett gives qualified endorsement to gay rights (1993-04-24)">{{Cite news|author=Gudmundsen|first=Lance S.|title=Bennett gives qualified endorsement to gay rights|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-04-24|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=101125FE86528C23&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221447/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=101125FE86528C23&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> O nyere aka ịhazi ngagharị iwe nke, ma bipụta mkpesa na Utah Judicial Conduct Commission megide, Utah 3rd District Court Judge David S. Young na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano maka ibelata ikpe nke David Nelson Thacker onye a mara ikpe igbu nwoke na nwoke Salt Lake City business Douglas Koehler. O nyere aka ịhazi mkpọsa "Mba na Young" na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nhọpụta nke Young onye meriri ntuli aka na afo puku abuo na abuo - onye ọka ikpe mbụ meriri ntuziaka na steeti ahụ.<ref name="Victim's family, gays say killer got off too easy (1994-08-16)">{{Cite news|author=Hunt|first=Stephen|title=Victim's family, gays say killer got off too easy|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-08-16|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10118B15543D74AF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305113202/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10118B15543D74AF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Utah's gay community protests killer's sentence (1994-08-16)">{{Cite news|title=Utah's gay community protests killer's sentence|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-08-16}}</ref><ref name="Complaint filed against judge who reduced killer's sentence (1994-08-21)">{{Cite news|title=Complaint filed against judge who reduced killer's sentence|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-08-21}}</ref><ref name="Probes of judges' conduct appear to go nowhere, Utah women say (1995-06-09)">{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Sheila R.|title=Probes of judges' conduct appear to go nowhere, Utah women say|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-06-09}}</ref><ref name="GLUD launches 'No on Young' campaign (1996-02-01)">{{Cite news|title=GLUD launches 'No on Young' campaign|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Has judicial watchdog grown teeth? (1996-03-03)">{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Sheila R.|title=Has judicial watchdog grown teeth?|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-03-03|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD7DEDF461DFC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306130237/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD7DEDF461DFC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Judge's removal causes stir (2002-11-07)">{{Cite news|author=Neff|first=Elizabeth|title=Judge's removal causes stir|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2002-11-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=102ACFB0A4C3408E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa dị ka onye otu ndị nduzi nke Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund Inc. nke dị na Washington nakwa dị ka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii mmekọrịta ọha na eze.<ref name="News briefs: PAC leader (1997-01-12)"/><ref name="David Nelson named to PAC Public Relations Committee (1997-05-01)">{{Cite news|title=David Nelson named to PAC Public Relations Committee|work=The Pillar|page=10|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1997-05-01}}</ref> O nyere aka hazie ozi ncheta na nche ọkụ kandụl na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato na Utah mgbe e gbasịrị nwa akwụkwọ nwoke na-eme enyi nwoke na Mahadum Wyoming Matthew Shepard. <ref name="ACLU of Utah lashes out at press conference (1998-11-01)">{{Cite news|title=ACLU of Utah lashes out at press conference|work=The Pillar|page=5|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1998-11-01}}</ref> O nyere aka mepụta na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato usoro iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka iwepu Iwu sodomy nke steeti na American Civil Liberties Union of Utah . <ref name="It's been a long time coming (1998-12-18)">{{Cite news|author=Freiberg|first=Peter|title=It's been a long time coming|work=The Washington Blade|date=1998-12-18|url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/usa/utah/utnews07.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> O guzobere GayVoteUtah.com na afo puku abuo na otu iji nye Ndebanye aha ndị na-eme ntụli aka n'ịntanetị nke LGBT Utahns. <ref name="Gay Vote Utah's goal is political clout (2001-11-05)">{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Greg|title=Gay Vote Utah's goal is political clout|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LCC|date=2001-11-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E8B6361C920CC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306125714/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E8B6361C920CC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Campaign seeks to register gay and lesbian Utah voters (2001-11-06)">{{Cite news|title=Campaign seeks to register gay and lesbian Utah voters|work=Standard-Examiner|publisher=Sandusky Newspapers Inc.|date=2001-11-06}}</ref> O guzobere Stonewall Shooting Sports nke Utah na afo puku abuo na abuo nke ghọrọ otu n'ime nnukwu òtù égbè LGBT na United States - otu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. <ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)"/> <ref name="Utah gays ready for trouble (2003-01-21)">{{Cite news|author=Eddington|first=Mark|title=Utah gays ready for trouble|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2003-01-21|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100D419791707DF6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000505/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100D419791707DF6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Advocates: Guns are good (2003-11-26)">{{Cite news|author=Coleman|first=Colleen|title=Advocates: Guns are good|work=The Signpost|publisher=Weber State University Student Association|date=2003-11-26}}</ref> <ref name="Gays with guns (2006-10-01)">{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=JoSelle|title=Gays with guns|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-10-01|url=http://www.stonewallshootingsportsutah.org/qsaltlake.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2013-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125165201/http://www.stonewallshootingsportsutah.org/QSALTLAKE.HTM|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Come out, be gay and play (2008-06-03)">{{Cite news|title=Come out, be gay and play|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2008-06-03}}</ref> [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5] [4] [5] [6] [5] [6] [5]<ref name="Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction (2011-01-17)">{{Cite news|title=Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-01-17}}</ref><ref name="Gun advocates advise arming against violence (2011-09-13)">{{Cite news|title=Gun advocates advise arming against violence|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2011-09-13}}</ref><ref name="Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes (2011-09-15)">{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric|title=Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2011-09-15|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/blog-25-6308-gun-groups-call-on-utahns-to-arm-themselves-against-hate-crimes.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2013-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301052816/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/blog-25-6308-gun-groups-call-on-utahns-to-arm-themselves-against-hate-crimes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> O guzobere Utah Stonewall Hall of Fame na afo puku abuo na isii na ihe karịrị LGBT Utahns nari isii.<ref name="Gay hall of fame inducts 100s (2006-07-01)">{{Cite news|title=Gay hall of fame inducts 100s|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2006-07-01}}</ref> ==== Ọchịchị ==== Nelson mere mkpọsa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na ise dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta iji bụrụ onye otu Salt Lake City Council - mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ n'obodo ahụ. O weputara nke atọ n'ime ndi mmadu anọ na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala mgbe mkpọsa ya nwetara vootu nari ato na iri abuo. <ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)"/> <ref name="Avenues man enters race for Council seat (1985-08-01)">{{Cite news|title=Avenues man enters race for Council seat|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-08-01}}</ref> <ref name="Races are set for this fall's primary election (1985-08-28)">{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Douglas|title=Races are set for this fall's primary election|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-08-28}}</ref> <ref name="Lively election season is looming in S.L. (1985-08-28)">{{Cite news|author=Walker|first=Donn|title=Lively election season is looming in S.L.|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-08-28|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GfYoAAAAIBAJ&pg=1524,6162127|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> <ref name="Gay-rights activist seeks post (1985-08-30)">{{Cite news|title=Gay-rights activist seeks post|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-08-30}}</ref> <ref name="18 are candidates for 5 vacancies on S.L. Council (1985-10-05)">{{Cite news|author=Gates|first=Chuck|title=18 are candidates for 5 vacancies on S.L. Council|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-10-05|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dUxTAAAAIBAJ&pg=4894%2C1581339|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5] [4] [5] [6] <ref name="4 Council districts to pare candidates (1985-10-06)">{{Cite news|title=4 Council districts to pare candidates|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1985-10-06}}</ref><ref name="Here's tally of S.L. mayor, council vote (1985-10-09)">{{Cite news|title=Here's tally of S.L. mayor, council vote|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1985-10-09}}</ref><ref name="Queer Utah history: Ten most significant events for queer Utah in the 20th Century (2005-06-01)">{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Queer Utah history: Ten most significant events for queer Utah in the 20th Century|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-06-01}}</ref><ref name="Lambda lore: This week in lambda history (2005-10-01)">{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Ben|title=Lambda lore: This week in lambda history|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2005-10-01}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise dị ka onye na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke otu gọọmentị etiti Social Services Block Grant allocation panel maka Salt Lake County Human Services Advisory Council . <ref name="Nelson appointed to Salt Lake County panel (1994-10-01)">{{Cite news|title=Nelson appointed to Salt Lake County panel|work=The Pillar|page=14|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=1994-10-01}}</ref> Ọ natara nhọpụta site n'aka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ụmụ amaala iri na otu a họpụtara na Utah na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ onye otu na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke Salt Lake Organizing Committee maka Olympic na Paralympic Winter Games nke afọ puku abuo na abuo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa ruo afo puku abuo na otu dị ka onye na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha nke Hate Crimes Working Group maka U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Attorney for the District of Utah, ma nyere aka mepụta nzukọ "Changing Face of Hate: A National Symposium" na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu nke U.S Attorney maka District of Utah kwadoro, [[Los Angeles]] Simon Wiesenthal Center, Weber State University na Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System.<ref name="YWCA begins Week Without Violence (1998-10-18)"/><ref name="Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)"/><ref name="Corrections & clarifications (1998-10-25)"/><ref name="Conference looks at hate crimes (1999-06-01)">{{Cite news|title=Conference looks at hate crimes|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1999-06-01}}</ref><ref name="U.S. Attorney publishes hate crime report (2000-02-01)">{{Cite news|title=U.S. Attorney publishes hate crime report|work=The Pillar|page=8|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=2000-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Racial and Ethnic Fairness: Report on the State of the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System (2000-09)">{{Cite book|author=Zimmerman|first=Michael D.|title=Racial and Ethnic Fairness: Report on the State of the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System|publisher=Utah Judicial Council|series=Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System|date=September 2000|location=Salt Lake City|pages=35–36|url=https://www.utcourts.gov/specproj/retaskforce/reportfinal.pdf}}</ref> Nelson gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka iwepụ iwu ''Salt Lake Tribune'' nke machibidoro mbipụta nke Mgbasa ozi onwe onye [[Nwoke idina nwoke|nwoke na nwanyị]].<ref name="Media beat: Nothing personal (1993-09-22)">{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Media beat: Nothing personal|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1993-09-22}}</ref> ==== Iwu ==== Nelson dere ma gbaa mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa maka ịnakwere iwu Salt Lake City Council nke ga-eme ka kọmitii na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ n'obodo ma machibido ịkpa ókè gụnyere nke dabeere na mmasị mmekọahụ - atụmatụ mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah.<ref name="Minutes of the regular/briefing session (1986-07-08)">{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the regular/briefing session|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-07-08|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/formalminutes_1982-2010/default.htm#!WordDocuments/july81986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Human rights bill proposed to SLC Council (1986-08)">{{Cite news|title=Human rights bill proposed to SLC Council|work=Triangle Magazine|page=6|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=August 1986}}</ref><ref name="Council delays human rights bill discussion (1986-09)">{{Cite news|title=Council delays human rights bill discussion|work=Triangle Magazine|page=13|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=September 1986}}</ref><ref name="Agenda of the Committee of the Whole (1986-11-06)">{{Cite web|title=Agenda of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-11-06|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_agendas_1985-2010/default.htm?turl=worddocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118102501/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_agendas_1985-2010/default.htm?turl=worddocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm}}</ref><ref name="Minutes of the Committee of the Whole (1986-11-06)">{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1986-11-06|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/#!worddocuments/november61986.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130202160810/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/%23!worddocuments/november61986.htm#!worddocuments/november61986.htm}}</ref><ref name="Three advise city Council to create S.L. Commission on human rights (1986-11-07)">{{Cite news|author=Walters|first=Conrad|title=Three advise city Council to create S.L. Commission on human rights|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-11-07}}</ref><ref name="ACLU official sees need for S.L. rights panel (1986-11-07)">{{Cite news|author=Fagg|first=Ellen|title=ACLU official sees need for S.L. rights panel|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1986-11-07}}</ref><ref name="Activist says city refuses to create council to address discrimination (1987-09-30)">{{Cite news|author=Walters|first=Conrad|title=Activist says city refuses to create council to address discrimination|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1987-09-30}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa maka ịnakwere iwu nke Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Salt Lake City nke chọrọ ọzụzụ LGBT maka ndị isi ngalaba - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah.<ref name="Gays discuss police harassment in city-sponsored management audit hearing (1986-09)">{{Cite news|title=Gays discuss police harassment in city-sponsored management audit hearing|work=Triangle Magazine|page=8|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=September 1986}}</ref><ref name="Minutes of the Committee of the Whole (1987-01-22)">{{Cite web|title=Minutes of the Committee of the Whole|work=Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Salt Lake City Corp.|date=1987-01-22|url=http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/#!worddocuments/january221987.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=February 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130202160810/http://www.slcinfobase.com/cow_minutes_1983-2010/%23!worddocuments/november61986.htm#!worddocuments/january221987.htm}}</ref> O mere ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu megide ndụmọdụ nke Utah State Office of Education na ndị na-egosi The World of Anne Frank na-edezi ozi agụmakwụkwọ banyere ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha na Holocaust. O mepụtara ma nyere aka kesaa akwụkwọ mpịakọta na imepụtaghachi baajị triangle-ogige ntụrụndụ na-acha pinki pinki maka ndị na-egosi ihe ngosi Mbụ.<ref name="Data on gays restored to Holocaust project (1990-03-13)">{{Cite news|author=Poore|first=Ann|title=Data on gays restored to Holocaust project|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1990-03-13}}</ref><ref name="Coalition lashes out at exhibit incident (1990-03-26)">{{Cite news|author=Costanzo|first=Joe|title=Coalition lashes out at exhibit incident|work=Deseret News|page=B-3|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1990-03-26|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19900326&id=kENTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6973,5244474|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> O nyere aka dee ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo maka nnabata nke iwu Utah abụọ nke machibidoro ma mụọ mpụ ịkpọasị - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu maka ịnakwere iwu dị iche iche nke ga-eme ka iwu dị mma. <ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)">{{Cite news|author=Peterson|first=Eric S.|title=Dave Nelson on the queer New Year|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|page=OL|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2009-12-30|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2013-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614064732/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-77-10113-dave-nelson-on-the-queer-new-year.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Punishment should fit hate crime (1998-10-24)"/> <ref name="Some legislators no-shows at hate-crimes debate (1991-11-22)"/> <ref name="Gay rights are civil liberties, according to speakers at U. (1999-02-19)"/> <ref name="Education may be best way to protect gays, lawyer says (1999-02-19)"/> <ref name="Gays with guns (2006-10-01)"/> [5] [6] [7] [6] [7] [6] [5] [6] [7] [4] [5] [6] [5] [6] [5]<ref name="Gun groups call on Utahns to arm themselves against hate crimes (2011-09-15)"/><ref name="1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)"/><ref name="Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes (1991-01-22)">{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Douglas|title=Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-4|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1991-01-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10117799C7A1213B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205435/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10117799C7A1213B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law (1994-05-22)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1994-05-22|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360A5713909EF3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Gay Utah Democrat in that order, please (1998-10-02)">{{Cite news|author=Rauzon|first=Ryan|title=Gay Utah Democrat in that order, please|work=The Daily Universe|publisher=Brigham Young University|date=1998-10-02}}</ref><ref name="Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort (2001-05-10)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2001-05-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10118B478BDFC835&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> O dere ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo maka nnabata nke Salt Lake County Board of Commissioners bill nke machibidoro ịkpa ókè na ọrụ gọọmentị mpaghara gụnyere nke dabeere na mmasị mmekọahụ - iwu mbụ dị otú ahụ na Utah. Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise megide mwepụ nke "Ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye" nke iwu na "mmekọahụ" nchebe. Ndị isi nke Gay and Lesbian Employee Association katọrọ ya na ndị ọzọ megidere mwepụ ahụ, ma kwuo na ya "ekwughị maka GLEA".<ref name="1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)"/><ref name="S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias (1992-09-29)">{{Cite news|title=S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1992-09-29|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3605E5E761AEAE&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Minute Book (1992-09-30)">{{Cite book|author=Swensen|first=Sherrie|title=Minute Book|publisher=Salt Lake County, Utah|series=Board of County Commissioners|date=1992-09-30|location=Salt Lake City|pages=1854–1858}}</ref><ref name="Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy (1992-10-01)">{{Cite news|author=Lindsley|first=Hank|title=Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy|work=The Daily Utah Chronicle|page=1|publisher=University of Utah Publications Council|date=1992-10-01}}</ref><ref name="Fight over measure 'just beginning' (1992-10-01)">{{Cite news|author=Costanzo|first=Joe|title=Fight over measure 'just beginning'|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1992-10-01|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7R0PAAAAIBAJ&pg=6296,207459|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref>[5][6][5]<ref name="S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is (1995-07-18)">{{Cite news|author=Adams|first=Brooke|title=S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-07-18|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360D86A9950CDF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Minute Book (1995-07-19)">{{Cite book|author=Swensen|first=Sherrie|title=Minute Book|publisher=Salt Lake County, Utah|series=Board of County Commissioners|date=1995-07-19|location=Salt Lake City|pages=1178–1180}}</ref><ref name="S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies (1995-07-20)">{{Cite news|author=Baltezore|first=Jay|title=S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-07-20|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=102D3B1DA9AD2B36&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref>[5][6][5][11][5][6]<ref name="Gays say new law still falls short (1992-12-05)">{{Cite news|author=Jorgensen|first=Chris|title=Gays say new law still falls short|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1992-12-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10113C6C3282AC14&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013906/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10113C6C3282AC14&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>[5][6][5][10][11][5][11]<ref name="S.L. County hiring plan angers gays (1995-07-18)">{{Cite news|author=Baltezore|first=Jay|title=S.L. County hiring plan angers gays|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-07-18|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=102D3B1D7022BB91&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo megide nhọpụta nke onye bụbu Onye isiNdị uwe ojii Phoenix Ruben Ortega ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ngalaba ndị uwe ojii Salt Lake City.<ref name="Gay, lesbian leaders question S.L. chief's civil-rights record (1992-11-10)">{{Cite news|author=Phillips|first=Michael|title=Gay, lesbian leaders question S.L. chief's civil-rights record|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1992-11-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10114728E4CB115D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka ịnakwere iwu nchịkwa nke Utah State Textbook Commission nke ga-enye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ohere iji akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke gụnyere ozi gbasara ndina ụdị onwe. <ref name="Homosexuality far from Utah curriculum (1992-12-19)">{{Cite news|author=Nickerson|first=James|title=Homosexuality far from Utah curriculum|work=Standard-Examiner|page=B-1|publisher=Ogden Publishing Corp.|date=1992-12-19}}</ref> <ref name="Teachers worry a few words may ban books (1993-09-26)">{{Cite news|author=Autman|first=Samuel A.|title=Teachers worry a few words may ban books|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-09-26|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1011392D327FB9DC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030050/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1011392D327FB9DC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Friendly Fire: The ACLU in Utah (1996-03)">{{Cite book|author=Sillitoe|first=Linda|title=Friendly Fire: The ACLU in Utah|publisher=Signature Books Inc.|date=March 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfYjAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-1-56085-076-2}}</ref> O nyere aka dee ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka nnabata nke iwu Utah nke na-enye ohere maka nkwekọrịta nke na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa na-enweghị isi ree iwu mkpuchi ndụ ha tupu ọnwụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ [[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|nlekọta ahụike]], na imeziwanye ndụ ha.<ref name="Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals (1994-03-14)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1994-03-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010E723203CA26A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195050/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010E723203CA26A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano megide nnabata nke iwu Utah abụọ nke ga-achọ Nnyocha HIV nke ndị mmadụ na-ekpughe ndị ọzọ gụnyere ndị ọrụ nchekwa ọha na eze ma ọ bụ ndị na-enye ọrụ mberede na HIV n'oge ha na-arụ ọrụ ha. Ụkpụrụ iwu ahụ echebeghị nzuzo ahụike. Ọ gbara mbọ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka mmezigharị nke iwu yiri ya iji chebe nzuzo dị otú ahụ, a nabatara iwu ahụ.<ref name="HIV-test law might have averted hostage incident, legislators say (1993-11-07)">{{Cite news|author=Autman|first=Samuel A.|title=HIV-test law might have averted hostage incident, legislators say|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-11-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=101131FAB3713E1C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Bill to permit HIV test passes House panel (1995-01-25)">{{Cite news|author=Wright|first=Lili|title=Bill to permit HIV test passes House panel|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-01-25|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010A0FD0E4071BF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013505/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010A0FD0E4071BF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato ruo afo puku abuo na ato dị ka onye omeiwu Utah nwere ikikere na onye isi lobbyist maka mmepe iwu ọha na eze LGBT.<ref name="Citizen Center (2003)">{{Cite web|title=Citizen Center|work=Utah Lobbyist Online|publisher=Utah Office of the Lieutenant Governor|year=2003|url=https://secure.utah.gov/lobbyist/lobbysearch?page=lobbyist_search_list&id=533|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ano maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah nke ga-achọ DNA profiling nke ndị a mara ikpe maka imebi iwu ụfọdụ nke steeti gụnyere iwu sodomy steeti. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ profaịlụ nke ndị a mara ikpe imebi iwu sodomy, a nabatara iwu ahụ.<ref name="Sodomy stricken from DNA-testing bill (1994-03-01)">{{Cite news|title=Sodomy stricken from DNA-testing bill|work=The Pillar|page=7|publisher=Uranian Publishing|date=1994-03-01}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise megide nnabata nke iwu Utah nke machibidoro ịnakwere Alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị. Onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Ikpe nke Midvale mechara maa ya ikpe ịkwụ ụgwọ $iri ise na ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị isii maka ime ihe nnupụisi obodo iji mee mkpesa megide iwu ahụ.<ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)"/><ref name="Bill drafted to bolster ban on homosexual marriages (1995-02-09)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Bill drafted to bolster ban on homosexual marriages|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-02-09|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010A1DFC6EAB08D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230008/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010A1DFC6EAB08D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bill prevents legalization of same-sex marriages (1995-02-09)">{{Cite news|author=Scharman|first=Christopher|title=Bill prevents legalization of same-sex marriages|work=The Daily Herald|publisher=Pulitzer Inc.|date=1995-02-09}}</ref><ref name="Ban on gay marriages to be annulled? (1995-03-03)">{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Ban on gay marriages to be annulled?|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-03|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010CEA23A2EDED9&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203344/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010CEA23A2EDED9&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Same-sex-marriage bill ruled legal (1995-03-04)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Same-sex-marriage bill ruled legal|work=Deseret News|page=A-10|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-03-04|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360CA36FCDEDFF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Gays, lesbians vow marriage-ban fight (1995-03-05)">{{Cite news|title=Gays, lesbians vow marriage-ban fight|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010CED6AD0F2F97&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142808/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010CED6AD0F2F97&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Utah may ignore gay unions groups threat (1995-03-17)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Utah may ignore gay unions groups threat|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010DA9E1F6A7AA5&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235058/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010DA9E1F6A7AA5&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Most oppose legalizing gay marriages (1995-03-17)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Most oppose legalizing gay marriages|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-03-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360CB7B1992089&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref>Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nnabata nke iwu Utah nke gbochiri Klọb ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBT na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze.<ref name="Utah senators hold secret anti-gay meet (1996-02-01)">{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Utah senators hold secret anti-gay meet|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-01|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD1F0F6CF838F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307042827/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD1F0F6CF838F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Anti-gay meet: Secret's out, anger sets in (1996-02-02)">{{Cite news|author=Semerad|first=Tony|title=Anti-gay meet: Secret's out, anger sets in|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-02|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD4110E6F8BE6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015200/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD4110E6F8BE6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="West, Highland seek OK for gay clubs (1996-02-06)">{{Cite news|author=Groutage|first=Hilary|title=West, Highland seek OK for gay clubs|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-06|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD2423814E236&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142425/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD2423814E236&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bills aim to keep gay students in closet (1996-02-13)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Bills aim to keep gay students in closet|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-4|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD2EAAB3E355B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133717/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD2EAAB3E355B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Sponsors say 2 club bills are constitutionally sound (1996-02-13)">{{Cite news|author=Cortez|first=Marjorie|title=Sponsors say 2 club bills are constitutionally sound|work=Deseret News|page=A-12|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-02-13|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YvBHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5176,7583121|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Lawmakers return to take on gay clubs (1996-04-17)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Lawmakers return to take on gay clubs|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-04-17|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FCDA7EC761221&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato megide nnabata nke Utah Office of the Attorney General amicus curiae brief nke ga-emegide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke [[Vermont]] nke Baker v. State of Vermont No. 98-032 <ref name="Gays policy a no-win for Graham (1998-05-10)">{{Cite news|author=Fahys|first=Judy|title=Gays policy a no-win for Graham|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-05-10|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F37949F0CCACB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka nkwado nke iwu Utah nke ga-agbanwe iwu sodomy nke steeti site na iwepu ndokwa nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke US kpebiri na afo puku abuo na ato ka ọ ghara ịdị n'usoro iwu na echiche ya banyere Lawrence v. [[Texas]] A tụleghị iwu ahụ.<ref name="Nelson seeks sodomy law repeal (2007-01-16)">{{Cite news|title=Nelson seeks sodomy law repeal|work=QSaltLake|page=7|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC.|date=2007-01-16}}</ref><ref name="S.B. 169 Sodomy Amendments (2007)">{{Cite web|author=McCoy|first=Scott D.|title=S.B. 169 Sodomy Amendments|work=2007 General Session|publisher=Utah Legislature|year=2007|url=http://le.utah.gov/~2007/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0169.htm|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=2012-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401020415/http://le.utah.gov/~2007/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0169.htm}}</ref> Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah nke ga-amachibido inwe Mgbọ zoro ezo na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke steeti, ma nye ohere ka onye bi n'ụlọ ihi ụra rịọ naanị ndị otu ụlọ na-enweghị ikike iburu égbè zoro ezumike. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ, a nabatakwara iwu ahụ.<ref name="Against gun restrictions (2007-02-14)">{{Cite news|author=Kjolseth|first=Francisco|title=Against gun restrictions (Photograph)|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2007-02-14|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5223659&itype=NGPSID|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa ụlọ ọrụ Salt Lake County nke machibidoro inwe ngwá agha na ebe mgbakọ abụọ dị na mpaghara, ma chọọ ka ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ gbasaa ihe mgbochi ahụ nye ndị ọbịa ha. Utah Pride Center agbatịla ihe mgbochi ahụ nye ndị ọbịa nke ụmụ akwụkwọ LGBT-na-eme kwa afọ nke e mepụtara na Salt Palace Convention Center. Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na asaa maka mmezigharị nke iwu Utah Pride Festival nke machibidoro inwe ngwá agha niile na mmemme ahụ. Mgbanwe ahụ wepụrụ mmachibido iwu nke ngwá agha iwu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, onye ọrụ Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Salt Lake City jidere ya, jụọ ya ajụjụ ma wepụ ya n'ememme ahụ mgbe ndị ọrụ ememme ahụ mere mkpesa banyere inwe égbè a na-ezochaghị ezo. O tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa na mkpesa $ 25,000 megide Salt Lake City Corp., ma nata mgbaghara site n'aka onyeisi ndị uwe ojii. <ref name="Rolly: The competing rights of packing a gun and peaceable assembly (2007-06-09)">{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=Rolly: The competing rights of packing a gun and peaceable assembly|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2007-06-09|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=6102977&itype=NGPSID|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Police chief apologizes for gay gun activist's ejection from Pride (2007-08-01)">{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=Joselle|title=Police chief apologizes for gay gun activist's ejection from Pride|work=QSaltLake|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC.|date=2007-08-01}}</ref><ref name="2007: Year in review (2008-01-02)">{{Cite news|author=Vanderhooft|first=Joselle|title=2007: Year in review|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2008-01-02}}</ref><ref name="Cold dead hands">{{Cite news|author=City Weekly Staff|title=Best of Utah 2008: Media & politics—Best 'Cold dead hands'|work=Salt Lake City Weekly|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=2008-04-02|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-1811-best-of-utah-2008-media-politics.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2013-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121224734/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-1811-best-of-utah-2008-media-politics.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ rụzuru ihe ịga nke ọma na afo puku abuo na iri maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa nke Utah Bureau of Criminal Identification nke gbochiri inye ikike ịgba égbè zoro ezo na steeti maka ndị a mara ikpe maka imebi iwu sodomy steeti. Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma site na afo puku abuo na iri ruo afo puku abuo na iri na abuo maka iwepụ iwu nchịkwa nke Utah Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing nke na-egbochi inye ndị mmadụ akwụkwọ ikikere maka imebi iwu sodomy nke steeti.<ref name="Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction (2011-01-17)"/><ref name="Utah State Bulletin (2010-12-01; DAR File No. 34222)">{{Cite book|author=Moffat|first=Alice|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Notice of Proposed Rule|edition=23|date=2010-12-01|location=Salt Lake City|pages=61–63|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2010/b20101201.pdf|accessdate=April 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Utah State Bulletin (2012-03-01; DAR File No. 35853)">{{Cite book|author=Steinagel|first=Mark|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Five-Year Notices of Review and Statements of Continuation|edition=5|date=2012-03-01|location=Salt Lake City|pages=103–104|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2012/b20120301.pdf|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Utah State Bulletin (2012-03-01; DAR File No. 35860)">{{Cite book|author=Steinagel|first=Mark|title=Utah State Bulletin|publisher=Utah Division of Administrative Rules|series=Five-Year Notices of Review and Statements of Continuation|edition=5|date=2012-03-01|location=Salt Lake City|url=http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2012/b20120301.pdf|accessdate=March 21, 2012}}</ref> === Ọrụ ndị agha === Dị ka onye na-akwado nnwere onwe na onye ndú pati, Nelson guzobere ma ọ bụ nyere aka chọta ọtụtụ òtù ndị metụtara LGBT na Utah ma nyere aka iduzi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado iwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụzuru nnabata nke ọtụtụ iwu LGBT-enyi na enyi mba, steeti na mpaghara, na ịjụ iwu ndị ọzọ. ==== Nhazi ==== [[Usòrò:David_Nelson_(Utah_activist)_with_Vice_President_Al_Gore_in_1996.jpg|alt=David Nelson shaking hands with U.S. Vice President Al Gore|thumb|David Nelson na nzukọ ya na osote onye isi ala US Al Gore na Washington na 1996]] Nelson guzobere Gay and Lesbian Utah Democrats na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu iji sonye na Utah Democratic Party - otu mbụ dị otú ahụ na steeti ahụ. Ìgwè ahụ jikọtara ọrụ nke otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kọmitii na-akpata ego na otu lobbying. Na nnọkọ mbụ ya na steeti na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu, ndị nta akụkọ KUTV Television kpọrọ otu ahụ "ụlọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ", ọ ghọkwara otu n'ime nnukwu caucuses na pati ahụ. Otu ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ ịnakọta ego na lobbying na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asaa, mana ọ nọgidere na-abụ caucus. Ọ lara ezumike nká na afo puku abuo na otu site na idu ndú otu ahụ, a gụgharịrị aha otu ahụ dị ka Utah Stonewall Democrats.<ref name="Dave Nelson on the queer New Year (2009-12-30)"/><ref name="1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)">{{Cite book|author=Grossman|first=Steve|title=1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement|publisher=Democratic National Committee|date=1998-09-26|location=Washington}}</ref><ref name="A brief history of lesbians and gays in Utah (1995-03-27)">{{Cite news|title=Fight for gay rights can be exhausting (Sidebar)|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=D-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-03-27|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010CFC8F74F1AFA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230014/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010CFC8F74F1AFA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Welcoming the World: The History of Salt Lake County (1996-01)">{{Cite book|author=Sillitoe|first=Linda|title=Welcoming the World: The History of Salt Lake County|publisher=Utah State Historical Society|date=January 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8j9NAAAACAAJ|isbn=978-0-9651857-0-7}}</ref><ref name="Gay Utah Democrats group to disband at end of year (1996-11-05)">{{Cite news|title=Gay Utah Democrats group to disband at end of year|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-11-05|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ee5LAAAAIBAJ&pg=4466,3617943|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Gay Utah Democrats will fold organization (1996-11-06)">{{Cite news|title=Gay Utah Democrats will fold organization|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-11-06}}</ref><ref name="How gay, lesbian politics came out of closet in Utah (1998-01-11)">{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=How gay, lesbian politics came out of closet in Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=AA-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1998-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F249C5235651B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025926/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100F249C5235651B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors (1998-10)">{{Cite news|title=Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors|work=The Pillar|page=18|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=October 1998}}</ref><ref name="Former Utah Democratic Party exec remembered by queer-rights leaders (2012-03-08)">{{Cite news|author=Bracken|first=Seth|title=Former Utah Democratic Party exec remembered by queer-rights leaders|work=QSaltLake|page=OL|publisher=Salt Lick Publishing LLC|date=2012-03-08}}</ref> O mepụtara netwọk mba nke ndị otu LGBT na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise iji weghachite nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ha nke dị na Washington National Association of Gay and Lesbian Democratic Clubs site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa. O nyere aka chọta National Stonewall Democratic Federation nke dị na Washington na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii iji sonye na Kọmitii Mba Democratic. U.S. Rep. Barney Frank nke [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] mepụtara njikọ ahụ mgbe ọ gbara ya ume na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato ka ọ sonye dị ka National Stonewall Democrats nke Washington. E hiwere otu ahụ na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na itolu. <ref name="GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference (1996-03-01)">{{Cite news|title=GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference|work=The Pillar|page=6|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1996-03-01}}</ref> Ọ haziri ndị Utah na-eme enyi nwoke na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii iji gaa nzukọ nke ndị LGBT Democrats na Osote Onye isi ala US Al Gore na Indian Treaty Room nke Old Executive Office Building na Washington.<ref name="GLUD leaders attend Washington strategy conference (1996-03-01)"/> O nyeere ndị ọrụ aka n'ihe ngosi National Rifle Association of America na afo puku abuo na ise na Utah Democratic Convention . <ref name="Gay Democrats back gun rights (2005-05-07)">{{Cite news|title=Gay Democrats back gun rights|work=Deseret News|page=B-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2005-05-07|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600132111/gay-democrats-back-gun-rights.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2012-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817025258/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600132111/Gay-Democrats-back-gun-rights.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gays with guns invited to Demo convention (2005-05-12)">{{Cite news|title=Gays with guns invited to Demo convention|work=Salt Lake Metro|publisher=Metro Publishing Inc.|date=2005-05-12}}</ref> ==== Nchịkwa ==== Nelson jere ozi na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na otu dị ka onye otu ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke Kọmitii Mba Democratic maka ndị na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala gụnyere Gov. Bill Clinton nke [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]] na nzukọ kọmitii na Los Angeles.<ref name="1992 Democratic candidates span spectrum of ideologies (1991-09-22)">{{Cite news|author=Daley|first=Steve|title=1992 Democratic candidates span spectrum of ideologies|work=Chicago Tribune|page=OL|publisher=Tribune Co.|date=1991-09-22|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-09-22/news/9103120030_1_president-bush-next-year-harkin-democratic-national-committee|accessdate=2012-12-14|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010542/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-09-22/news/9103120030_1_president-bush-next-year-harkin-democratic-national-committee|url-status=dead}}</ref> O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na abuo ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise dị ka onye otu Salt Lake County Democratic Party Constitutional Committee . <ref name="Constitution of the Salt Lake County Democratic Party (2012-04-14)">{{Cite web|url=http://www.slcountydems.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&Itemid=37|title=Constitution of the Salt Lake County Democratic Party|date=2012-04-14|work=SLCountyDems.com|publisher=Salt Lake County Democratic Party|accessdate=2013-01-15|archivedate=October 31, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031025051/http://www.slcountydems.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&Itemid=37}}</ref> O mere mkpọsa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke Utah Democratic Party - mkpọsa mbụ dị otú ahụ nke otu nnukwu pati na steeti ahụ. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'etiti ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị abụọ mgbe mkpọsa ya nwetara vootu nari abuo na iri abuo na itolu. <ref name="2 seek Demo chairmanship, but race is unlikely to heat up (1993-06-05)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=2 seek Demo chairmanship, but race is unlikely to heat up|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1993-06-05|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3607B09175B51D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> <ref name="Demo unity: Jones to lead Utah party (1993-06-12)">{{Cite news|author=Rolly|first=Paul|title=Demo unity: Jones to lead Utah party|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-06-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10112DA2EC6E8D65&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307051630/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10112DA2EC6E8D65&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Jones unanimous choice to lead Democrats (1993-06-13)">{{Cite news|title=Jones unanimous choice to lead Democrats|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=C-3|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-06-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10112DAD59F7A0B3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231029/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10112DAD59F7A0B3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> O mere mkpọsa nke ọma na afo out puku nari itolu na Iri itolu na isii maka ntuli aka Utah Democratic Party iji jee ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya nwoke na nwanyị na Democratic National Convention na [[Chicago]] na dị ka onye nduzi Utah LGBT-outreach maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Clinton-Gore. O mere mkpọsa nke ọma na afo puku abuo maka ntuli aka Utah Democratic Party ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya nwoke idina nwoke na Democratic National Convention na Los Angeles na dịka onye nduzi Utah LGBT-outreach maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Gore-Lieberman.<ref name="1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement (1998-09-26)"/><ref name="Gay Utahn wins Democratic honors (1998-10)"/><ref name="Labor makes big showing in delegation (1996-08-23)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Labor makes big showing in delegation|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-23|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=afdLAAAAIBAJ&pg=4706,4495104|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref>[5][6][5]<ref name="Committee named of Utah gays and lesbians for Gore (2000-03-01)">{{Cite news|title=Committee named of Utah gays and lesbians for Gore|work=The Pillar|page=10|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=2000-03-01}}</ref><ref name="Utahns fear ties to Clinton (2000-08-13)">{{Cite news|author=Romboy|first=Dennis|title=Utahns fear ties to Clinton|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3655F9D272B2C4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Yes, there are Democrats from Utah (2000-08-14)">{{Cite news|author=Burton|first=Greg|title=Yes, there are Democrats from Utah|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-9|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E9E17F932BE65&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112004/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E9E17F932BE65&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="El Segundo mayor returns Utah Democrats' favor (2000-08-14)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=El Segundo mayor returns Utah Democrats' favor|work=Deseret News|page=A-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-14|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3655FC3A32F3C7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Utah Democrats carry more conservative credentials to L.A. (2000-08-15)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Utah Democrats carry more conservative credentials to L.A.|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-10|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-15|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E9E40085921A0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210219/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E9E40085921A0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Utah delegates say Gore not uptight as he seems (2000-08-18)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Utah delegates say Gore not uptight as he seems|work=Deseret News|page=A-9|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-18|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-zxOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6743,912964|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Democrats eager for Utah battle (2000-08-19)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Democrats eager for Utah battle|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune LLC|date=2000-08-19|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E9E88141FC696&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135806/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100E9E88141FC696&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gay delegate says Dole could reverse gains (1996-08-27)">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Lee|title=Gay delegate says Dole could reverse gains|work=Deseret News|page=A-3|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-27|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bfdLAAAAIBAJ&pg=5207,7848599|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Convention includes shock as well as thrills for Utah's delegates (1996-08-30)">{{Cite news|author=Davidson|first=Lee|title=Convention includes shock as well as thrills for Utah's delegates|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-08-30}}</ref><ref name="Utah delegates and alternates to the 1996 Democratic National Convention (1996-09-03)">{{Cite news|title=Utah delegates and alternates to the 1996 Democratic National Convention|work=Deseret News|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-09-03}}</ref><ref name="Gay supporters of Clinton take part in coming-out rally (1996-10-21)">{{Cite news|title=Gay supporters of Clinton take part in coming-out rally|work=Deseret News|page=B-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-10-21|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F364644E76ECC06&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Demos expect religious link between Lieberman, Utahns (2000-08-07)">{{Cite news|author=Romboy|first=Dennis|title=Demos expect religious link between Lieberman, Utahns|work=Deseret News|page=A-6|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=2000-08-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3655EDDF31C87E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> Gino Kalu ka Utah?’s Ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na afo puku abuo na ato ruo afo puku abuo na ano dị ka onye nhazi nwoke na nwoke na Utah maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Wesley Clark. ==== Iwu ==== Nelson gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na isii maka itinye ndị ọkà okwu LGBT na nzukọ Democratic National Committee Policy Commission na Salt Lake City site n'aka onye isi oche kọmitii na onye bụbu Gọvanọ Utah Scott M. Matheson Sr.<ref name="Gays want spot on Demo's family panel (1986-03-20)">{{Cite news|title=Gays want spot on Demo's family panel|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1986-03-20}}</ref><ref name="Utah gays want say in Dem policy (1986-03-25)">{{Cite news|author=Gurwell|first=Lance|title=Utah gays want say in Dem policy|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Company Inc.|date=1986-03-25}}</ref><ref name="Demos limit agenda, not the right to speak up (1986-04-02)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Demos limit agenda, not the right to speak up|work=Deseret News|page=B-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1986-04-02}}</ref><ref name="Gay presence felt at Demo policy commission (1986-05)">{{Cite news|title=Gay presence felt at Demo policy commission|work=Triangle Magazine|page=7|publisher=Triangle Publishing|date=May 1986}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato maka nhọpụta nke ndị Utah na-eme enyi nwoke n'ihu ọha ka ha bụrụ ndị otu Utah Democratic Party - nhọpụta mbụ dị otú ahụ site n'aka otu nnukwu pati na steeti ahụ. O jere ozi site na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ato ruo afo otu puku nari itolu na asaa dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Na-anọgide na-anọgide nke ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na Kọmitii na-anọgidesi ike na ntuziaka.<ref name="Demo chief hailed for naming 4 gays to party committees (1993-08-12)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Demo chief hailed for naming 4 gays to party committees|work=Deseret News|page=B-7|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1993-08-12|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F36080F398DE145&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Democratic chairman defends appointments of gays to committee posts (1993-08-13)">{{Cite news|title=Democratic chairman defends appointments of gays to committee posts|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1993-08-13}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka ịnakwere nkatọ nke Utah Democratic Party nke Utah House of Representatives Democratic Whip Rep. Kelly C. Atkinson mgbe ọ kọwara LGBT Democrats dị ka otu "na-abụghị" na nkọwa nke akwụkwọ ''Akụkọ Deseret'' News bipụtara. Atkinson mechara kwuo na ọ kwara ụta maka ojiji o ji nkọwa ahụ mee ihe. Mgbalị a katọrọ bụ ihe mere ndị Democrats na ndị isi pati ji akatọ Nelson, ma gwa ndị isi Gay na Lesbian Utah Democrats n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii ka ha kwụsị ịkọwa otu ahụ dị ka Democratic. Nelson na ndị isi otu ndị ọzọ jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ.<ref name="Column by Democratic whip inflames gay-rights groups (1995-01-11)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Column by Democratic whip inflames gay-rights groups|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-2|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1995-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010A00476F15D0C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030711/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010A00476F15D0C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gay group wants Demo 'censored' (1995-01-11)">{{Cite news|title=Gay group wants Demo 'censored'|work=Deseret News|page=A-8|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-01-11|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360E7B0404637F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Gay Demos won't stage protest (1995-01-13)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick Jr.|first=Bob|title=Gay Demos won't stage protest|work=Deseret News|page=B-5|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1995-01-13|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360E7ED717EDC7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Demos ask gays to lower profile (1996-02-07)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Demos ask gays to lower profile|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=A-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-02-07|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD290ED8D7776&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116061531/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD290ED8D7776&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2018-11-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Lawmakers accused of gay-bashing (1996-02-07)">{{Cite news|author=Spangler|first=Jerry|title=Lawmakers accused of gay-bashing|work=Deseret News|page=A-1|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-02-07|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XPBHAAAAIBAJ&pg=2576,3675122|accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Politics: Demos play it straight (1996-02-14)">{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Politics: Demos play it straight|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1996-02-14}}</ref><ref name="Politics: Inconvenient friends (1996-11-21)">{{Cite news|author=Biele|first=Katharine|title=Politics: Inconvenient friends|work=Private Eye Weekly|page=7|publisher=Copperfield Publishing Inc.|date=1996-11-21}}</ref> O dere, kwado ma mee ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na ise maka nnabata nke mkpebi nke Utah Democratic Party nke kwadoro nnabata nke Iwu Ọrụ Na-enweghị Ịkpa ókè nke gọọmentị etiti.<ref name="GLUD sponsors state Democratic resolution (1995-12-01)">{{Cite news|title=GLUD sponsors state Democratic resolution|work=The Pillar|page=9|publisher=Pillar Publishing|date=1995-12-01}}</ref> Ọ gbara mbọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii megide nkwa mkpọsa nke onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic maka U.S. House of Representatives Ross C. "Rocky" Anderson iji megide alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị ma "na-atụ vootu ọchịchọ ndị m na-atụ voote" ma ọ bụrụ na a họpụtara ya na Congress n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-akwado ikike alụmdi na eze. Anderson katọrọ Nelson na ndị ọzọ na-emegide mgbanwe echiche Anderson, ma kwuo na ọ pụghị "ikwere na ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-ezo na-echere ka ha gbaa m égbè ugbu a".<ref name="Anderson: I'll put aside support for gay marriage (1996-07-09)">{{Cite news|author=Harrie|first=Dan|title=Anderson: I'll put aside support for gay marriage|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|page=B-1|publisher=Kearns-Tribune Corp.|date=1996-07-09|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD5FEB944B234&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125310/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100FD5FEB944B234&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Anderson clarifies stand on same-sex unions (1996-07-09)">{{Cite news|author=Bernick|first=Bob Jr.|title=Anderson clarifies stand on same-sex unions|work=Deseret News|page=B-2|publisher=Deseret News Publishing Co.|date=1996-07-09|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/500680/anderson-clarifies-stand-on-same-sex-unions.html|accessdate=2013-01-15|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002534/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/500680/ANDERSON-CLARIFIES-STAND-ON-SAME-SEX-UNIONS.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Nkwado === [[Usòrò:David_Nelson_(Utah_activist)_Salt_Lake_County_joint_commemorative_resolution_in_2012.jpg|alt=Salt Lake County joint Commemorative Resolution signed by mayor and nine council members|thumb|Mkpebi ncheta jikọrọ aka nke Salt Lake County nyere David Nelson na 2012]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nelson, David}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]] [[Òtù:Igbo wikiped]] n6htz0xlpzqd8v8rynskl8k16u5tg67 Griffin Matthews 0 47861 741472 721468 2026-10-24T00:13:57Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Griffin Matthews<!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name -->|image=<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_date={{birth based on age as of date |38|2020|11|25}}<ref name="aol-25nov2020">{{cite news |last1=Lambe |first1=Stacy |title=Griffin Matthews on 'Flight Attendant' and Life-Changing Experience on 'Dear White People' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.aol.com/griffin-matthews-flight-attendant-life-135446190.html |access-date=September 22, 2022 |work=[[ET Online]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=November 25, 2020 |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928030055/https://www.aol.com/griffin-matthews-flight-attendant-life-135446190.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]] -->|birth_place=[[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]|nationality=|citizenship=|education=|alma_mater=[[Carnegie Mellon University]]<ref name="pg-22sep2022">{{cite news |last1=Axelrod |first1=Joshua |title=Carnegie Mellon graduates invade the MCU on Disney+ 'She-Hulk' series |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/tv-radio/2022/09/22/she-hulk-marvel-disney-plus-carnegie-mellon-renee-elise-goldsberry-griffin-matthews-kat-coiro/stories/202209220031 |access-date=September 22, 2022 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=September 22, 2022}}</ref>|occupation=Actor, writer, director|years_active=|era=|employer=|organization=|agent=<!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->|known_for=|notable_works=<!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works" -->|style=|spouse=Matt Gould<ref name="dis-15sep2022">{{cite news |last1=Stinson |first1=Katherine |title=Did You Know That 'She-Hulk' Star Griffin Matthews Co-Created a Musical With His Husband? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/griffin-matthews-husband |access-date=September 22, 2022 |work=[[Distractify]] |date=September 15, 2022}}</ref><!-- Use article title or common name -->|partner=<!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->|family=|awards=|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->|footnotes=}} {{Databox}}'''Griffin Matthews''' (amuru 1981/82) bu onye omekorita America, odee na onye isi. <ref name="pb-3jun2020">{{Cite news|author=Fierberg|first=Ruthie|title=Griffin Matthews Speaks Out on His Racism-Laden Experience During the Production of His Musical Invisible Thread|url=https://playbill.com/article/griffin-matthews-speaks-out-on-his-racism-laden-experience-during-the-production-of-his-musical-invisible-thread|accessdate=September 22, 2022|work=[[Playbill]]|date=June 3, 2020}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFierberg2020">Fierberg, Ruthie (June 3, 2020). </cite></ref> Amụrụ na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Carnegie Mellon na BFA na ihe nkiri egwu. <ref name="bw-bio">{{Cite web|title=Griffin Matthews Full Biography|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/people/Griffin-Matthews/|work=[[BroadwayWorld]]|accessdate=September 22, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.broadwayworld.com/people/Griffin-Matthews/ "Griffin Matthews Full Biography"]. </cite></ref> Matthews jere ozi afọ abụọ na Peace Corps na West Africa. Na 2005, o hiwere otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, UgandaProject (nke akpọrọ Be The Change Uganda), iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na [[Uganda]] . <ref name="bsb-30jan2014">{{Cite news|author=Greenstein|first=Colette|title=UgandaProject spreads word with award-winning musical|url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2014/01/30/ugandaproject-spreads-word-with-award-winning-musical/|accessdate=September 22, 2022|work=[[The Bay State Banner]]|date=January 30, 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreenstein2014">Greenstein, Colette (January 30, 2014). </cite></ref> Ya na di Matt Gould, Matthews dekọtara egwu egwu ''bụ Witness Uganda'', emesịa dee aha ''Invisible Thread'', dabere na ahụmahụ ya n'ịrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo na Uganda. <ref name="pb-3jun2020"/> <ref name="bsb-30jan2014"/> Egwu ahụ meriri 2014 Richard Rodgers Awards maka Ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu na 2012 na 2014. <ref name="pb-10feb2012">{{Cite news|author=Gioia|first=Michael|title=Matt Gould and Griffin Matthews' Witness Uganda Wins 2012 Richard Rodgers Award for Musical Theater|url=https://www.playbill.com/article/matt-gould-and-griffin-matthews-witness-uganda-wins-2012-richard-rodgers-award-for-musical-theater-com-187367|accessdate=September 22, 2022|work=[[Playbill]]|date=February 10, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="nyt-3feb2014">{{Cite news|author=Kozinn|first=Allan|title='Witness Uganda' Wins Richard Rodgers Award for Musical Theater|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/witness-uganda-wins-richard-rodgers-award-for-musical-theater/|accessdate=September 22, 2022|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 3, 2014}}</ref> Matthews pụtara dị ka onye nrụpụta ejiji Luke Jacobson na usoro 2022 Disney + ''She-Hulk: Attorney na Iwu'' . <ref name="mw-19sep2022">{{Cite news|author=Kaplan|first=Rebecca|title=She-Hulk's Fashion Designer Luke Jacobson's Surprise Return from Marvel's Dakota North Series|url=https://movieweb.com/she-hulks-fashion-designer-luke-jacobsons-surprise-return/|work=[[MovieWeb]]|accessdate=September 22, 2022|date=September 19, 2022}}</ref> Ihe nzere telivishọn ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere ''ezigbo ndị ọcha'', ''Onye na-ahụ maka ụgbọ elu'', ''The Mentalist'', ''igbo'', ''Torchwood'', na ''Iwu &amp;amp; Order: LA'' . <ref name="bw-bio"/> <ref name="mw-19sep2022" /> Matthews, onye bụ Black, katọrọ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri America. <ref name="pb-3jun2020"/> Matthews bụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke n'ihu ọha. Ọ lụrụ onye na-ede egwú na onye edemede bụ Matt Gould na 2017; ha zutere na 2002 site na ọrụ Peace Corps ha na Africa. <ref name="out-13jan2016">{{Cite news|title=The Love Portfolio: Griffin Matthews & Matt Gould|url=https://www.out.com/love-issue/2016/1/13/love-portfolio-griffin-matthews-matt-gould|accessdate=September 22, 2022|work=[[Out (magazine)|Out]]|date=January 13, 2016}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ kuchiri ụmụ nwoke abụọ n'August 2022. <ref name="ig-8aug2022">{{Cite web|author=Matthews|first=Griffin|title=Last Monday, August 1st, 2022, we finally adopted our boys!|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/ChANBItrbBE/|work=[[Instagram]]|accessdate=September 22, 2022|date=August 8, 2022}}</ref> == Ntụaka == dabere na ahụmahụ ya n'ịrụ ọrụ afọ ofufo na Uganda. Egwu ahụ meriri 2014 Richard Rodgers Awards maka{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] q1r6s3zrr8w1gk89h2irio739vie5er Erin Christovale 0 48394 741499 641770 2026-10-24T10:42:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741499 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Erin Christovale''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka Los Angeles na onye mmemme nke na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka Hammer na Mahadum California, Los Angeles. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/hammer-museum-names-erin-christovale-assistant-curator-69299|title=Hammer Museum Names Erin Christovale Assistant Curator|work=www.artforum.com|accessdate=2018-03-04}}</ref> Yana Hammer Museum Senior Curator Anne Ellegood, Christovale chepụtara ihe ngosi nka nke anọ emere na LA biennial na June 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/anne-ellegood-and-erin-christovale-to-curate-hammer-museum-s-2018-made-in-l-a-biennial-66549|title=Anne Ellegood and Erin Christovale to Curate Hammer Museum’s 2018 Made in L.A. Biennial|work=www.artforum.com|accessdate=2018-03-04}}</ref> Ọ na-edukwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20240825210501/https://blackradicalimagination.com/ Black Radical Imagination], mmemme ihe nkiri nnwale nke ya na Amir George mebere. Black Radical Imagination na-eme njem nlegharị anya na mba ụwa wee nyochaa na MoMA PS1 ; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles ; na [https://business.google.com/website/casa-taller-jose-clemente-orozco Museo Taller Jose Clemente Orozco], n'etiti oghere ndị ọzọ. <ref name=":0" /> A maara Christovale nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na njirimara, agbụrụ na ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-the-20-most-influential-young-curators-in-the-united-states|title=The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States|author=Gotthardt|first=Alexxa|date=2016-10-25|work=Artsy|accessdate=2018-03-04|language=en}}</ref> Tupu nhọpụta ya na Hammer Museum, Christovale rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta na Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery. O nwere nzere bachelọ na Mahadum Southern California School of Cinematic Arts . == Ihe ngosi ewepụtara == === S/Ntuli aka: Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche, ọbụbụ amaala, nnwere onwe (2016) === S/Ntuli aka: Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche, ọbụbụ nwa amaala, nnwere onwe bụ ihe ngosi mgbasa ozi agwakọtara Christovale curated na Los Angeles Municipal Gallery na 2016. Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara ọrụ nke ndị nka 32 nke oge a na-etinye aka na echiche nke ịbụ ụmụ amaala America, ọkachasị n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbara gburugburu ntuli aka onye isi ala 2016. Ọrụ ndị ama ama na ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere: * "Index of Fear" (2015) nke Margaret Noble: ihe ndekọ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ebe mmadụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ụda ndị kwekọrọ na egwu dịka "ihe efu" na "echefuru" <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/barnsdall-art-park-la-municipal-gallery-65190|title=“S/Election: Democracy, Citizenship, Freedom” at Barnsdall Art Park / LA Municipal Gallery|work=www.artforum.com|accessdate=2018-03-04}}</ref> * "Ọmụmụ maka Ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ Omume" (2015) nke Bethany Collins: nsụgharị nke tebụl ọdịnaya sitere na Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Ngalaba Ndị uweojii na Ferguson mgbe August 2014 gbagburu Michael Brown <ref name=":1" /> * "Ngọzi niile Gburugburu" (2011) nke Olga Lah: ntupu ịdọ aka ná ntị oroma na-emegharị dị ka uwe a wụsara na mgbidi <ref name=":1" /> * "Anyị bụ America" (2011) nke Monica Rodriguez dere: e dere okwu mkpesa mkpesa na ọkọlọtọ America asatọ nke kpọgidere n'elu ụlọ nke ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi etiti, gụnyere "Ọ dịghị ngere nwere ike ịkwụsị akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'ịga n'ihu" na "Olee ebe ndị nna nna gị si?" <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/349841/32-artists-consider-the-privileges-and-burdens-of-american-citizenship/|title=32 Artists Consider the Privileges and Burdens of American Citizenship|date=2017-01-05|work=Hyperallergic|accessdate=2018-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> * "Okpu agha udo udo" (2016) nke James Berson: ahịrị nke okpu agha mara mma nke nwere ihe odide "PEACEFUL PROTEST HELMET" yana ngwaọrụ ndekọ nke nwere oghere na-eche ihu ndị na-ekiri ya <ref name=":2" /> * "Ihe ndekọ ụlọ mkpọrọ sitere na Phoenix Rising, Nkebi nke 1: Nke a bụ ebe m mụtara ịhụnanya" (2012) nke Jennifer Moon dere : akwụkwọ foto nke ihe ndị na-ese ihe gbakọtara mgbe a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na Valley State Prison maka ụmụ nwanyị na ederede na-akọwa oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ <ref name=":2" /> * "James Baldwin #1-#5" (2014) nke Marco Kane Braunschweiler: obere vidiyo nke onye edemede na-ekwu maka mbibi mmekọrịta ọha na eze kpatara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ <ref name=":2" /> * "Cut-Outs" (2015) nke Ramiro Gomez dere : ihe ngosi nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ na California <ref name=":2" /> === Ọdịiche dị nro (2016) & ihe ncheta nke nwanyị anyụ (2016) === Ihe ngosi abụọ a sonyeere onwe ha na ONE National Gay &amp;amp; Lesbian Archives na Mahadum Southern California Libraries site na Septemba ruo Disemba 2016.emere na LA biennial na June 2018. Ọ na-edukwa Black Radical Imagination, mmemme ihe nkiri nnwale nke ya na Amir George mebere. Black Radical Imagination na-eme == Ojii radical Imagination == Black Radical Imagination bụ mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Erin Christovale na Amir George hibere. Ndị na-ese ihe na otu ahụ na-akọ akụkọ banyere ọnọdụ omenala ojii nke oge a site n'ịchọgharị afrofuturism, afrosurrealism na ebube. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/2653|title=Black Radical Imagination {{!}} MoMA|work=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-04}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Christovale, Erin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3max395cxpd2sejz6abk544vwsxuy32 Natalie Gumede 0 48647 741473 174525 2026-10-24T00:13:59Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Natalie Gumede''' (amuru 20 Maachị 1984) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BR3S8_ghrwl/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813090105/https://www.instagram.com/p/BR3S8_ghrwl/|archivedate=13 August 2023|title=I never knew I shared a birthday with Dame Vera Lynn! 💯 today! I have two more lifetimes to live to reach her grand age and her legendary status - cheers to us Vera! #birthdaygirl #pisces #birthday #dameveralynn #cheers|date=20 March 2017|publisher=[[Instagram]]|accessdate=1 September 2021|author=Gumede|first=Natalie}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/3K1djsdRzvgsKwskHwjp45r/natalie-gumede|title=BBC Strictly - Natalie Gumede|date=8 September 2013|work=[[BBC]]|accessdate=1 September 2021}}</ref> bu onye omekorita bekee. A maara ya maka ịkpọ Kirsty Soames na ITV soap opera, ''Coronation Street'', site na 2011 ruo 2013. Ọ gbara China mbụ na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri atọ na-atọ ọchị ''Ideal'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/12_december/13/ideal_girls.shtml|title=Press Office – Ideal supporting female cast|publisher=BBC|date=13 December 2004|accessdate=28 September 2013}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na ''The Persuasionists'', ''Emmerdale'' na ''Dọkịta Onye'' n'etiti ihe ngosi telivishọn ndị ọzọ. Gumede bụkwa onye gbara ọsọ na usoro 2013 nke ''Strictly Come Dancing'' na BBC One . Site na 2017 ruo 2019, Gumede malitere ịpụta na Netflix mbụ ''Free Rein'' dị ka Maggie Steel Phillips. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/everything-you-need-know-free-15207663|title=Everything you need to know about Free Rein - the Netflix show filmed in N Wales|author=Whelan|first=Zara|date=2018-09-27|work=northwales|accessdate=2019-02-12}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Amụrụ Gumede na Burnley, Lancashire wee biri na Colne n'oge ọ bụ nwata, na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ Christ Church C nke E Primary School wee mesịa Park High School . <ref name="BSA">{{Cite news|author=Cree|first=Jessica|title=Glory night for East Lancashire Corrie star Natalie Gumede at British Soap Awards|url=http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/leisure/tv/10430349.Glory_night_for_East_Lancashire_Corrie_star_Natalie_Gumede_at_British_Soap_Awards/|work=This is Lancashire (News Archive)|date=20 May 2013}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye Zimbabwe na nne ya bụ onye Bekee . Nna nna ya Josiah Gumede bụ naanị onye isi ala Zimbabwe Rhodesia dị mkpụmkpụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unrealitytv.co.uk/strictly-come-dancing/strictly-come-dancing-2013-natalie-gumede-reveals-my-grandfather-josiah-was-a-president/|title=Strictly Come Dancing 2013: Natalie Gumede reveals "My grandfather Josiah was a President!"|date=15 October 2013|publisher=Unrealitytv.co.uk|accessdate=28 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015071136/http://www.unrealitytv.co.uk/strictly-come-dancing/strictly-come-dancing-2013-natalie-gumede-reveals-my-grandfather-josiah-was-a-president/|archivedate=15 October 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ 11 ka ọ na-aga Pendle Hippodrome Youth Theatre, ndị na-emepụta BBC họpụtara ya ka ọ nyere aka weta ntinye mpaghara ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ maka ụmụaka nọ na mkpa na 1995. <ref>{{Cite news|title=TV debut as Natalie helps kids|url=http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/archive/1995/11/10/6216698.TV_debut_as_Natalie_helps_kids/|work=This is Lancashire|date=10 November 1995}}</ref> Site na 4 dị afọ iri na otu, Gunmede gara ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu egwu Chippendale na Colne, <ref name="lanc">{{Cite news|title='Strictly fair and square' says Natalie Gumede's dance teacher|url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/10665124.strictly-fair-square-says-natalie-gumedes-dance-teacher/|work=Lancashire Telegraph|date=10 September 2013}}</ref> ma mesịa kwalite ọrụ nka ya na Italia Conti Academy of Theater Arts . <ref name="lanc" /> == Ọrụ == Site na 2004 ruo 2007, Gumede na-egwu China na usoro sitcom gbara ọchịchịrị-comedy, ''Ideal'', onye ya na enyi ya Asia ( Rebecca Atkinson ), bụ otu n'ime ndị ahịa Moz mgbe niile. Àgwà ya pụtara na ihe omume pilot, ma bụrụ nke a na-emekarị na usoro atọ mbụ. N'afọ 2008, o gosipụtara na ihe nkiri mbụ ya zuru oke, ''Clubbed'', ihe nkiri Britain banyere onye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ 1980 nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nche ụlọ. Na 2005, Gumede mere onye ọbịa na opera ncha ITV, ''Emmerdale'', na-egosi Tania Coles. Na 2010, Gumede gosipụtara na sitcom ''The Persuasionists'', na-agbasa na BBC Abụọ, setịpụrụ na ụwa mgbasa ozi, na-egwu Iain Lee, Simon Farnaby, Adam Buxton, Jarred Christmas na Daisy Haggard . Na Septemba 2011, Gumede mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na mbụ na ITV soap opera, ''Coronation Street'', na-egosi Kirsty Soames, bụ onye ghọrọ mmasị ịhụnanya na-akparị ụlọ maka onye na-arụ ọrụ Tyrone Dobbs ( Alan Halsall ). Ọ gbalịrị na mbụ maka akụkụ Kelly Crabtree, mana Tupele Dorgu tụfuru ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/corrie-babe-natalie-gumede-estate-1674833|title=Corrie babe Natalie Gumede: I was an estate agent three days before joining the cobbles|first=Sunday|author=People|date=1 January 2012|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=28 July 2017}}</ref> Maka ihe ngosi ya nke agwa ahụ, Gumede enwetala ihe nrịbama kacha mma ọhụrụ na 2012 British Soap Awards . <ref name="BSAs2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/news/a378918/british-soap-awards-2012-the-winners.html|title=British Soap Awards 2012 – the winners|author=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|date=29 April 2012|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=29 April 2012}}</ref> E mechara họpụta ya maka onye bịara ọhụrụ ncha kacha mma na ihe ''nrite TV Choice Awards'' wee họpụta onye bịara ọhụrụ kacha ewu ewu n'oge ihe nrite Television National Television Awards nke iri na asatọ . <ref name="TVChoice 2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a405010/tvchoice-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full.html|title=TVChoice Awards 2012: The winners – In full|author=Daniels|first=Colin|date=10 September 2012|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=10 September 2012}}</ref> <ref name="NTAs2013">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-20940372|title=National TV Awards 2013: The nominees|date=8 January 2013|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref> Na ntuli aka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ njedebe nke afọ Digital Spy, akụkọ mmetọ ụlọ Kirsty na enyi nwoke Tyrone na-enyo enyo meriri Akụkọ kacha mma site na 28.3% nke votu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|title='EastEnders', Corrie, 'Hollyoaks' all win in Digital Spy's 2012 poll|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s2/eastenders/news/a446819/eastenders-corrie-hollyoaks-all-win-in-digital-spys-2012-poll.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=22 December 2012|date=22 December 2012}}</ref> Na 21 Febrụwarị 2013, a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ ncha mgbe otu afọ na ọkara gachara, wee pụọ mgbe agwa ya, Kirsty, gara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na 3 Eprel 2013. Na June 2021, ekpughere agwa ya na ọ nwụrụ site na aneurysm . === ''Kpamkpam bịa na-agba egwu'' === Na 2013, Gumede bụ onye na-agba ọsọ na usoro iri na otu nke ''Strictly Come Dancing'' . Onye mmekọ ọkachamara ya bụ onye mmeri nke asatọ, Artem Chigvintsev . Ha ngwa ngwa ghọrọ ọkacha mmasị mbụ maka aha ahụ mgbe mmalite siri ike. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/strictly-come-dancing-natalie-gumede-2247422|title=Strictly Come Dancing: Natalie Gumede already favourite to win|first=Daisy|author=Buchanan|date=3 September 2013|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=28 July 2017}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, ọ meriri Abbey Clancy & Aljaz Skorjanec wee bịa na nke abụọ yana Susanna Reid & Kevin Clifton . ya zuru oke, Clubbed, ihe nkiri Britain banyere onye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ 1980 nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nche ụlọ. Na 2005, Gumede mere onye ọbịa na opera ncha ITV, Emmerdale, na-egosi Tania Coles. Na 2010, Gumede ya nke agwa ahụ, Gumede enwetala ihe nrịbama kacha mma ọhụrụ na 2012 British Soap Awards . E mechara họpụta ya maka {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="2" align="Center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" |'''Week No.''' | rowspan="2" align="Center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" |'''Dance/Song''' | colspan="5" align="Center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" |'''Judges' score''' | rowspan="2" align="Center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" |'''Result''' |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" width="10%" |Craig Revel Horwood | align="center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" width="10%" |Darcey Bussell | align="center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" width="10%" |Len Goodman | align="center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" width="10%" |Bruno Tonioli | align="center" bgcolor="CCCCCC" width="10%" |Total |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |1 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Cha Cha Cha – "Rasputin" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |7 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |31 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |None |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |2 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Waltz – "If I Ain't Got You" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |34 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |3 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Rumba – "Love the Way You Lie (Part II)" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |36 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |4 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Quickstep – "Yeah!" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |35 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |5 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Samba – "Bamboléo" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |35 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |6 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Viennese Waltz – "Devil in Me" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |38 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |*7 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Jive – "Proud Mary" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |*N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |*N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |*N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |*N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |*N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Given Bye |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Charleston – "Bang Bang" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |39 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Tango – "Where Have You Been" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |37 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |American Smooth – "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |36 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- |- | rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |11 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Paso Doble – "El Gato Montes" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |8 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |35 | rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Safe |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Swing-a-thon – "Do You Love Me" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |6 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |N/A | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |6 |- |- | rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |12 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Salsa – "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |40 | rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Bottom Two |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Argentine Tango – "Montserrat" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |38 |- |- | rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |13 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Cha Cha Cha – "Rasputin" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |9 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |39 | rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |'''Runner-up''' |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |Showdance – "Steppin' Out with My Baby" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |40 |- |- | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |American Smooth – "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |10 | align="center" bgcolor="FAF6F6" |40 |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|1715378}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2igtlwfkomphuweo12u9ofepoz9cl2d Dan Dunn (onye na-ese ihe) 0 48675 741481 696943 2026-10-24T02:59:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741481 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:Dan Dunn, Speed Painting.PNG|thumb|Dan Dunn]] Dan Dunn (ahụ 1957) bụ onye na- ese ihe ọsọ ọsọ nke America na onye okike nke Paintjam, ihe ngosi nka ihe nkiri nke emebere ndị na-abịa na ogbo.. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ịmụ ihe osise na Sam Houston State University na Huntsville, Texas, Dunn ntụ na nri na mmiri na-eme ihe ọkpụkpụ na ndụ.  Mgbe ọ bụ akwụkwọ, ọ bịara ịbịaru caricatures na isii Flags, Astroworld na 1977 dị ka nwa akwụkwọ;  ọ gara n'ihu ruo oge mkpa. <ref name="paintjam">{{Cite web|url=http://www.paintjam.com/party-entertainer/,|title="Paintjam Homepage {{!}} About Dan"|accessdate=3 March 2012|archivedate=30 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430083428/http://www.paintjam.com/party-entertainer/,}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200430083428/http://www.paintjam.com/party-entertainer/, the original] on 30 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Dunn muna ọrụ na mgbasa ozi na mfe mana ọ በቀላሉ ubi ahụ iji onwe ya na caricatures oge niile na 1989 mgbe ọ ụlọ ọrụ nka nka, Caricatures Ink.  Ọtụtụ caricatures ya George HW Bush, Sting, Jimmy Buffett, Joe Theisman, Fran Tarkenton, Ray Childress, Warren Moon na Houston Mayor Bob Lanier. == Paintjam == Dunn sitere n'ike ndo nsso Paintjam, ọrụ mfe ya na-eme ka ọ dị ndụ, site na Speed ​​Painter Denny Dent, onye ọnwụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 55 n'oge ọrụ ya.  N'ịbụ onye nwere nnukwu mkpagharị, Dunn nọ na-achọ ụzọ ọ ga-esi gboo mkpa ngwa ya na-eto eto.  O nwere ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka nke ihe ngosi ihe nkiri Atlantic City, na nwa ya ike biputere vidiyo sitere na ihe nkiri ahụ na YouTube, ebe ọ natara ọtụtụ nde hits. <ref name="paintjam"/> Dunn apụtala na Ellen DeGeneres Show [1] Oku ikpeazụ ya na Carson Daly [2] na Late Night na Jimmy Fallon .  [3] O meela ihe osise n'ụwa niile dịka Richard Branson, Prime Minister Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Sheikh Zayed na Abu Dhabi na Natalie Cole .  O meghere ma ọ bụ ìhè na Shaquille O'Neal, Bill Cosby, Fergie, Chris Angel, Elvis Costello, Lionel Richie, Natalie Cole, Taylor Hicks, Taylor Swift, the Plain White T's, Maroon 5, Queen Latifah, Mike Rowe,  Craig Ferguson na Carolyn Rhea <ref name="paintjam"/> Dunn bi na Houston na nwunye ya Cindy na ụmụ ise. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100129221513/http://dandunn.com/paintjam.htm Agba Jam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100202071737/http://rachaelrayshow.com/club/board/show/1680/ Rachael Ray] * [https://archive.today/20130411221554/http://texasliveblog.com/blog/2010/09/08/dan-dun-paintjammin%E2%80%99-his-way-to-the-top/ texasliveblog] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250125021939/http://www.slashsworld.com/2008/02/10/dan-dunn-painting-slash-in-3-minutes/ slashworld] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111203011216/http://thehoopdoctors.com/online2/2010/01/nba-announces-slam-dunk-participants-sorry-folks-no-lebron/ thehoopdoctors] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g3slahs99hd84xct2m4iun54fsth0d3 Sutara Gayle 0 48688 741474 176126 2026-10-24T00:14:00Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741474 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Lorna N Gayle''' (amụrụ 14 Eprel 1963), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutara Gayle on Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CrAdNzyIJBu/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==|work=[[Instagram]]|accessdate=25 June 2023|date=14 April 2023}}</ref> mara ọkachamara dị ka '''Sutara Gayle''', bụ onye omere na onye ọbụ abụ Britain, mara maka ịpụta na fim ''Run Fatboy Run'' (2007), ''The Dark Knight'' (2008) na ''Otu ụbọchị'' (2011). ). Na 2015, ọ gbara Shontal na BBC Three sitcom ''Fried'' . <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06823ts "Fried"], BBC.</ref> Dị ka '''Lorna Gee''', ọ meriri ihe nrite dị ka onye na-agụ egwú rock reggae hụrụ n'anya . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180909150531/http://www.menagerie.uk.com/productions/archived/egusisoup14/egusi-soup-cast/interview-with-lorna-gayle-mrs-anyia/ "Interview with Lorna Gayle (Mrs Anyia)"], Menagerie Theatre Company.</ref> <ref name="TheStage">John Byrne, [https://www.thestage.co.uk/advice/2016/my-first-audition-lorna-gayle/ "My First Audition: Lorna Gayle"], ''[[The Stage]]'', 30 August 2016.</ref> N'agbata 2021 na 2022, ọ rụrụ ọrụ Gloria Mason-Walker na ''Silent Witness'' . == Ọrụ == Kemgbe ọ malitere ọrụ ya na 2007, Gayle apụtawo na fim, na telivishọn na na ogbo. Nlebanya mbụ Gayle mere bụ maka egwuregwu ịgba egwu ịgba egwu ''Stepping Out'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutara Gayle|url=https://anthearepresents.com/artist/sutara-gayle|work=Anthea Represents|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref> <ref name="TheStage"/> Ọ pụtakwara na egwu egwu West End ''Tina'' . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180909150654/https://tinathemusical.com/cast/lorna-gayle/ "Lorna Gayle"], Cast and Creative, ''Tina''.</ref> Ọ kọwapụtara ọrụ Gloria Mason-Walker na ''Silent Witness'' na ugboro ugboro n'etiti 2021 na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/30/silent-witness-season-25-episode-3-cast-history-part-3/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-06-17 |archivedate=2023-06-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627182417/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/30/silent-witness-season-25-episode-3-cast-history-part-3/ }}</ref> Na 2022, ọ pụtara na akụkụ anọ nke ''Magpie Murders'' dị ka Gemma Whiteley yana Kim Sullivan na ihe nkiri BBC ''Strike'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tellymix.co.uk/amp/tv/657942-magpie-murders-cast-revealed-for-drama-on-bbc-one.html|title=Magpie Murders cast revealed for drama on BBC One|date=April 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/strike-troubled-blood-cast-bbc/|title=Meet the cast of Strike: Troubled Blood, season 5 of the BBC drama}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anthearepresents.com/news/sutara-gayle-stars-in-the-new-series-of-strike-which-premieres-on-bbc-one-on-sunday-night-at-9pm|title=Sutara Gayle stars in the new series of Strike which premieres on BBC One on Sunday night at 9pm - Voiceover Agency London}}</ref> Mgbe ya na nwanne ya nwoke na-eme njem na India na 2011, Gayle mere ụfọdụ "nchọpụta onwe ya" ma nye ya emume nhọpụta aha, nke e nyere ya aha "Sutara" nke ejirila ọkachamara mee ihe kemgbe 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alt-africa.com/2020/10/07/actor-lorna-gayles-sutara-academy-comes-to-hackney-learn-drama-performance-with-high-profile-tutors-using-a-holistic-approach/amp/|title="Netflix" Amplifying Diverse British Voices in Front of and Behind the Camera words Anne Mensah - Alt a Review|date=31 January 2021}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == Ọ kọwapụtara ọrụ Gloria Mason-Walker na Silent Witness na ugboro ugboro n'etiti 2021 na 2022. Na 2022, ọ pụtara na akụkụ anọ nke Magpie Murders dị ka Gemma Whiteley {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ihe nkiri ! Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2006 | ''Ịhụnanya na Ọdachi Ndị Ọzọ'' | Heathrow nwanyi nche | |- | 2007 | ''Ịdọba ụgbọala dị ize ndụ'' | Nọọsụ | |- | 2007 | ''Gbaa ọsọ Fatboy'' | Nọọsụ | |- | 2008 | ''The Dark Knight'' | Onye njem | |- | 2009 | ''Pavement nke hell'' | Moira Reynolds | |- | 2010 | ''National Theatre Live: Mba'' | Marisgala | |- | 2011 | ''Otu ụbọchị'' | Oriakụ Major | |- | 2013 | ''Inwe gị'' | Michelle | |- | 2017 | ''Nrọ Caribbean'' | N'okpuru nwanyị ọkụ azụ | |- | 2018 | ''Tụgharịa ụgbọ elu'' | Mama Danny | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- | 2019 | ''Carmilla'' | Margaret | |- | 2022 | ''Viral'' | Jackie | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Television !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2008 |''Torchwood'' |Helen |Episode: "Adrift" |- |2014 |''Utopia'' |Midwife |1 episode |- |2015 |''Fried'' |Shontal | |- |2015 |''EastEnders'' |Irene Daniels |Guest appearance |- |2017 |''Holby City'' |Ella Chambers |1 episode |- |2017, 2020 |''Doctors'' |Grace Fields |Episodes: "Bounce" and "It Takes a Village" |- |2017 |''The Rebel'' |Gloria |1 episode |- |2020 |''Anthony'' |Pam |Television film |- |2020 |''The Duchess'' |Seleena |1 episode |- |2020–2023 |''Ghosts'' |Betty |Episodes: "The Ghost of Christmas"; "A Christmas Gift" |- |2021–2022 |''Silent Witness'' |Gloria Mason-Walker |Recurring role |- |2021 |''Magpie Murders'' |Gemma Whiteley |4 episodes |- |2022 |''Strike'' |Kim Sullivan |4 episodes |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6a7dbzvfw6i2zl0m1n5uxv1o5km926w 741475 741474 2026-10-24T00:14:02Z KiranBOT 25138 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 741475 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Lorna N Gayle''' (amụrụ 14 Eprel 1963), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutara Gayle on Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CrAdNzyIJBu/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==|work=[[Instagram]]|accessdate=25 June 2023|date=14 April 2023}}</ref> mara ọkachamara dị ka '''Sutara Gayle''', bụ onye omere na onye ọbụ abụ Britain, mara maka ịpụta na fim ''Run Fatboy Run'' (2007), ''The Dark Knight'' (2008) na ''Otu ụbọchị'' (2011). ). Na 2015, ọ gbara Shontal na BBC Three sitcom ''Fried'' . <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06823ts "Fried"], BBC.</ref> Dị ka '''Lorna Gee''', ọ meriri ihe nrite dị ka onye na-agụ egwú rock reggae hụrụ n'anya . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180909150531/http://www.menagerie.uk.com/productions/archived/egusisoup14/egusi-soup-cast/interview-with-lorna-gayle-mrs-anyia/ "Interview with Lorna Gayle (Mrs Anyia)"], Menagerie Theatre Company.</ref> <ref name="TheStage">John Byrne, [https://www.thestage.co.uk/advice/2016/my-first-audition-lorna-gayle/ "My First Audition: Lorna Gayle"], ''[[The Stage]]'', 30 August 2016.</ref> N'agbata 2021 na 2022, ọ rụrụ ọrụ Gloria Mason-Walker na ''Silent Witness'' . == Ọrụ == Kemgbe ọ malitere ọrụ ya na 2007, Gayle apụtawo na fim, na telivishọn na na ogbo. Nlebanya mbụ Gayle mere bụ maka egwuregwu ịgba egwu ịgba egwu ''Stepping Out'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutara Gayle|url=https://anthearepresents.com/artist/sutara-gayle|work=Anthea Represents|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref> <ref name="TheStage"/> Ọ pụtakwara na egwu egwu West End ''Tina'' . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180909150654/https://tinathemusical.com/cast/lorna-gayle/ "Lorna Gayle"], Cast and Creative, ''Tina''.</ref> Ọ kọwapụtara ọrụ Gloria Mason-Walker na ''Silent Witness'' na ugboro ugboro n'etiti 2021 na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/30/silent-witness-season-25-episode-3-cast-history-part-3/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-06-17 |archivedate=2023-06-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627182417/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/30/silent-witness-season-25-episode-3-cast-history-part-3/ }}</ref> Na 2022, ọ pụtara na akụkụ anọ nke ''Magpie Murders'' dị ka Gemma Whiteley yana Kim Sullivan na ihe nkiri BBC ''Strike'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tellymix.co.uk/magpie-murders-cast-revealed-for-drama-on-bbc-one|title=Magpie Murders cast revealed for drama on BBC One|date=April 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/strike-troubled-blood-cast-bbc/|title=Meet the cast of Strike: Troubled Blood, season 5 of the BBC drama}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anthearepresents.com/news/sutara-gayle-stars-in-the-new-series-of-strike-which-premieres-on-bbc-one-on-sunday-night-at-9pm|title=Sutara Gayle stars in the new series of Strike which premieres on BBC One on Sunday night at 9pm - Voiceover Agency London}}</ref> Mgbe ya na nwanne ya nwoke na-eme njem na India na 2011, Gayle mere ụfọdụ "nchọpụta onwe ya" ma nye ya emume nhọpụta aha, nke e nyere ya aha "Sutara" nke ejirila ọkachamara mee ihe kemgbe 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alt-africa.com/2020/10/07/actor-lorna-gayles-sutara-academy-comes-to-hackney-learn-drama-performance-with-high-profile-tutors-using-a-holistic-approach/amp/|title="Netflix" Amplifying Diverse British Voices in Front of and Behind the Camera words Anne Mensah - Alt a Review|date=31 January 2021}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == Ọ kọwapụtara ọrụ Gloria Mason-Walker na Silent Witness na ugboro ugboro n'etiti 2021 na 2022. Na 2022, ọ pụtara na akụkụ anọ nke Magpie Murders dị ka Gemma Whiteley {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ihe nkiri ! Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2006 | ''Ịhụnanya na Ọdachi Ndị Ọzọ'' | Heathrow nwanyi nche | |- | 2007 | ''Ịdọba ụgbọala dị ize ndụ'' | Nọọsụ | |- | 2007 | ''Gbaa ọsọ Fatboy'' | Nọọsụ | |- | 2008 | ''The Dark Knight'' | Onye njem | |- | 2009 | ''Pavement nke hell'' | Moira Reynolds | |- | 2010 | ''National Theatre Live: Mba'' | Marisgala | |- | 2011 | ''Otu ụbọchị'' | Oriakụ Major | |- | 2013 | ''Inwe gị'' | Michelle | |- | 2017 | ''Nrọ Caribbean'' | N'okpuru nwanyị ọkụ azụ | |- | 2018 | ''Tụgharịa ụgbọ elu'' | Mama Danny | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- | 2019 | ''Carmilla'' | Margaret | |- | 2022 | ''Viral'' | Jackie | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Television !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2008 |''Torchwood'' |Helen |Episode: "Adrift" |- |2014 |''Utopia'' |Midwife |1 episode |- |2015 |''Fried'' |Shontal | |- |2015 |''EastEnders'' |Irene Daniels |Guest appearance |- |2017 |''Holby City'' |Ella Chambers |1 episode |- |2017, 2020 |''Doctors'' |Grace Fields |Episodes: "Bounce" and "It Takes a Village" |- |2017 |''The Rebel'' |Gloria |1 episode |- |2020 |''Anthony'' |Pam |Television film |- |2020 |''The Duchess'' |Seleena |1 episode |- |2020–2023 |''Ghosts'' |Betty |Episodes: "The Ghost of Christmas"; "A Christmas Gift" |- |2021–2022 |''Silent Witness'' |Gloria Mason-Walker |Recurring role |- |2021 |''Magpie Murders'' |Gemma Whiteley |4 episodes |- |2022 |''Strike'' |Kim Sullivan |4 episodes |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jswhnbu4sqi45nwgjes45l25mbycn12 Ụbọchị Ụlọ mposi Ụwa 0 49371 741456 726366 2026-10-24T00:13:02Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741456 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:World Toilet Day celebration roadshow in Singapore 2016.jpg|thumb|Ụbọchị Ụlọ mposi Ụwa]] '''Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa''' ('''WTD''') bụ ụbọchị ncheta mba ụwa nke United Nations na 19 Nọvemba iji kpalie ime ihe iji dozie nsogbu ịdị ọcha zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/|title=What is World Toilet Day?|work=World Toilet Day|accessdate=16 November 2017|archivedate=15 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115190902/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/DSG%20sanitation%20two-pager%20FINAL.pdf|title=Call to action on UN website|accessdate=19 October 2014|archivedate=1 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601174853/http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/DSG%20sanitation%20two-pager%20FINAL.pdf}}</ref> N'ụwa niile, ijeri mmadụ 4.2 na-ebi na-enweghị "nlekọta dị ọcha" na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 673 na-eme nsị n'èzí.&nbsp;&nbsp;: 74 Sustainable Development Goal 6 na-ezube "Nchọpụta na njikwa mmiri na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/|title=Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all|work=United Nations|accessdate=18 November 2017|archivedate=27 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127115032/http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/}}</ref> Karịsịa, ebumnuche 6.2 bụ "Kwụsị ime mposi na-emeghe ma nye ohere maka ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha". Mgbe e bipụtara Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020, Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations António Guterres kwuru, "Taa, Sustainable Development goal 6 bụ ihe na-adịghị mma" ma ọ "na-egbochi ọganihu na 2030 Agenda, mmezu nke ikike mmadụ na inweta udo na nchekwa gburugburu ụwa". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2020/07/united-nations-launches-framework-to-speed-up-progress-on-water-and-sanitation-goal/|title=United Nations launches framework to speed up progress on water and sanitation goal|date=11 July 2020|accessdate=2 September 2020|archivedate=5 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805083853/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2020/07/united-nations-launches-framework-to-speed-up-progress-on-water-and-sanitation-goal/}}</ref> Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa dị iji mee ka ndị mmadụ mara, tinye aka ma kpalie ha ime ihe iji mezuo ebumnuche a. Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN kwupụtara na Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa bụ ụbọchị UN n'afọ 2013, mgbe Singapore weputara mkpebi ahụ (mkpebi mbụ ya n'ihu Nzukọ Ezuma nke UN nke mba 193 so na ya).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/events/toiletday/background.shtml|title=World Toilet Day 19 November – Background|work=United Nations|accessdate=30 November 2017|archivedate=10 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210164039/http://www.un.org/en/events/toiletday/background.shtml}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-first-un-resolution-adopted-now-every-nov-19-is-world-toilet-day|title=Singapore's first UN resolution adopted; now, every Nov 19 is World Toilet Day|author=Chan|first=Robin|date=24 July 2013|work=The Straits Times|accessdate=11 December 2019}}</ref> Tupu nke ahụ, World Toilet Organization (a Singapore-based NGO) guzobere World Toilet Day na 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 year anniversary of the World Toilet Organization|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/stories-2021/story/20-year-anniversary-world-toilet-organization|accessdate=2022-04-23|work=World Toilet Day|language=en}}</ref> UN-Water bụ onye nnọchi anya World Toilet Day. UN-Water na-elekọta ebe nrụọrụ weebụ World Toilet Day ma na-ahọrọ isiokwu pụrụ iche maka afọ ọ bụla. N'afọ 2020, isiokwu ya bụ "Nchịkọta na [[Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa|Mgbanwe ihu igwe]] na-adịgide adịgide".<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=World Toilet Day 2020|url=https://www.worldtoiletday.info/|accessdate=2020-12-08|work=World Toilet Day|publisher=UN Water|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, isiokwu ya bụ 'Ahapụghị onye ọ bụla n'azụ', nke bụ isiokwu dị mkpa nke Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Isiokwu n'afọ ndị gara aga gụnyere ihe ngwọta sitere na okike, [[Mmiri mkpofu]], ụlọ mposi na ọrụ, na ụlọ mposi yana nri na-edozi ahụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unwater.org/publications/world-water-development-report-2017/|title=World Water Development Report 2017|work=UN-Water|language=en-US|accessdate=12 November 2018|archivedate=8 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108031041/http://www.unwater.org/publications/world-water-development-report-2017/}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/2015/about/|title=World Toilet Day Website – About (2015)|accessdate=12 October 2018|archivedate=13 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014317/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/2015/about/}}</ref> Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa bụ nke mkpọsa nkwukọrịta na ihe omume ndị ọzọ. Ndị Òtù UN, òtù mba ụwa, òtù ndị obodo na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-eme atụmatụ ihe omume iji mee ka a mara ma kpalie ime ihe. Ụlọ mposi dị mkpa n'ihi na ịnweta ụlọ mposi na-arụ ọrụ dị nchebe nwere mmetụta dị mma na ahụike ọha na eze, ùgwù mmadụ, na nchekwa onwe onye, ọkachasị maka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web|author=Cavill|first=Sue|title=Violence, gender and WASH: A practitioner's toolkit: Making Water, Sanitation and hygiene safer through improved programming and services|url=http://violence-wash.lboro.ac.uk/|publisher=WaterAid, SHARE Research Consortium|accessdate=7 October 2015|archivedate=4 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004081037/http://violence-wash.lboro.ac.uk/}}</ref> Usoro nhicha nke na-adịghị agwọ nsị (ọnyá) n'enweghị nsogbu na-enye ohere mgbasa nke ọrịa. Ọrịa ndị siri ike a na-ebute n'ala na ọrịa ndị a na-efe na mmiri dị ka ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, ịba ọsịsa, dysentery na [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]] nwere ike ịkpata. == Nkwekọrịta == [[Usòrò:Urgent_Run_Germany_2014.jpg|thumb|Ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na Germany na-agba ọsọ "Urgent Run" iji mee emume World Toilet Day 2014]] [[Usòrò:World_Toilet_Day_celebrations_in_Senegal_2014.jpg|thumb|Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa 2014 "Urgent Run" na Senegal]] [[Usòrò:World_Toilet_Day_celebrations_in_Pakistan_2015.jpg|thumb|Ememe Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa 2015 na Pakistan]] N'afọ 2013, UN-Water na "Thematic Priority Area (TPA) na mmiri ọṅụṅụ na isi ọcha" natara ikike ilekọta ụbọchị ụlọ mposi ụwa kwa afọ. A kọwara ikike a na Mkpebi Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu A/67/L.75 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/GA%20Sanitation%20for%20All%20resolution%2024%20July.pdf|title=UN resolution A/67/L.75|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=22 August 2015|archivedate=2 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202065958/http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/GA%20Sanitation%20for%20All%20resolution%2024%20July.pdf}}</ref> Na ntụle ya na UN-Water World Toilet Day Task Force, nke ndị otu UN-Water mejupụtara, UN-Water na-ahọrọ isiokwu dabere na akụkọ mmepe mmiri ụwa nke afọ ahụ wee wepụta ọdịnaya maka mkpọsa mgbasa ozi ụbọchị ụlọ mposi Worldwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unwater.org/what-we-do/inspire-action/|title=UN-Water's Campaigns|work=UN-Water (United Nations)|accessdate=19 November 2018|archivedate=18 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118205639/http://www.unwater.org/what-we-do/inspire-action/}}</ref> UN-Water na-elekọta webụsaịtị ụbọchị ụlọ mposi nke ụwa nke na-akwalite isi okwu na akụkọ, na-enye akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta na mkpọsa, ma kwupụta mmemme na ohere isonye.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/|title=World Toilet Day 2018|work=UN-Water|accessdate=27 September 2018|archivedate=6 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106122248/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi ụbọchị ụlọ mposi nke ụwa n'ozuzu na-achịkọta ọha mmadụ, ndị na-eche echiche, otu ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị, ndị agụmakwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ na ọha na eze ka ha sonye na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na mgbasa ozi metụtara. N'ikpeazụ, ebumnuche bụ ịgba ndị otu na gọọmentị ume ka ha hazie ihe omume na ime ihe gbasara ịdị ọcha iji nwee ọganihu na ebumnuche Sustainable Development Goal 6..<ref name=":10"/> == Isiokwu kwa afọ == [[Usòrò:World_Toilet_Day_celebrations_in_Singapore_2016.jpg|thumb|Onye na-eduga "The Big Squat" n'oge Singapore "Urgent Run" 2016 bụ Jack Sim, n'ahịrị n'ihu aka ekpe, onye guzobere World Toilet Organization.]] Malite na 2012, a na-ahọrọ isiokwu ụbọchị ụlọ mposi ụwa maka afọ ọ bụla wee bụrụ ntọala nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi metụtara ya. Kemgbe 2016, ejirila otu isiokwu kwa afọ maka ụbọchị ụlọ mposi ụwa na ụbọchị mmiri ụwa, dabere na akụkọ mmepe mmiri ụwa.. * 2012 - "M na-enye ihe, ị na-eme?" (okwu mmeghe) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21567057-every-cause-has-its-day-whether-deserved-or-not-dies-irae|title=Dies irae|date=24 November 2012|work=The Economist|accessdate=18 September 2017}}</ref> * 2013 - Njem na mmiri * 2014 - Ịha nhata na ùgwù <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2014/nov/20/world-toilet-day-yuck|title=World Toilet Day. Yuck!|author=Gjersoe|first=Nathalia|date=20 November 2014|work=The Guardian|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> * 2015 - Ụlọ mposi na nri na-edozi ahụIhe oriri na-edozi ahụ * 2016 - Ụlọ mposi na ọrụ * 2017 - [[Mmiri mkpofu]]<ref name=":1"/> * 2018 - Ngwọta ndị dabeere na okike (okwu mmeghe: "Mgbe okike na-akpọ") * 2019 - A hapụghị onye ọ bụla n'azụ - Mgbasa ozi ahụ na-adọta uche na ndị ahụ "a hapụrụ n'azụ n'enweghị ịdị ọcha na mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke enweghị ọrụ. <ref name="WTD2019">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2019/|title=World Toilet Day 2019|work=UN-Water|accessdate=9 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="WWDR2019">{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019|title=United Nations World Water Development Report|work=Unesco|accessdate=25 April 2019|date=11 February 2019|archivedate=29 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129001038/https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/wwap/wwdr/2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldtoiletday.info/theme/|title=World Toilet Day Theme|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008060607/https://www.worldtoiletday.info/theme/|archivedate=8 October 2019|accessdate=8 October 2019}}</ref><ref>Kerstin Danert & Jorge Alvarez-Sala (2021) [https://sanitationlearninghub.org/resource/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-a-guidance-note-for-leaving-no-one-behind/ Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: A Guidance Note for Leaving No One Behind]. UNICEF. </ref> Nke a nwere njikọ chiri anya na Sustainable Development Goal 6 nke nwere ebumnuche iwepụ nsị n'èzí ma hụ na "onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịnweta ọrụ nhicha na-adịgide adịgide site na 2030, na-elebara mkpa nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị ike anya anya". * 2020 - Nlekọta na-adịgide adịgide na [[Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa|Mgbanwe ihu igwe]] <ref name=":13"/><ref>Kohlitz, J. and Iyer, R. (2021) '[https://sanitationlearninghub.org/resource/rural-sanitation-and-climate-change-putting-ideas-into-practice/ Rural Sanitation and Climate Change: Putting Ideas into Practice]' ''Frontiers of Sanitation: Innovations and Insights'' 17, Brighton IDS, DOI: 10.19088/SLH.2021.002. </ref> * 2021 - Ịtụle ụlọ mposi - WTO na [[Bill Gates]] kwenyere na ọ bụrụ na enwere ike inye ihe mkpofu ụlọ mposi uru, mgbe ahụ, a ga-emepụta ego iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka nhicha ọ bụla gụnyere uru maka ndị ọchụnta ego nwere mmasị itinye ego na ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya. * 2022 - Mmiri n'okpuru ala na ịdị ọcha - na-eme ka Ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya hụ anya. == Ihe atụ nke ihe omume na ihe omume == Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụta akụkọ metụtara ụlọ mposi (ma ọ bụ nke metụtara ịdị ọcha) na Ụbọchị Ụlọ mposi Ụwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: * The Toilet Board Coalition (2017) "Economics nke ịdị ọcha"<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.toiletboard.org/media/30-Sanitation_Economy_Final.pdf|title=Introducing the Sanitation Economy|publisher=Toilet Board Coalition|year=2017|accessdate=14 November 2017|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731222035/http://www.toiletboard.org/media/30-Sanitation_Economy_Final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mmiri na ịdị ọcha maka ndị ogbenye nọ n'obodo (WSUP) (2017) "Ntụziaka iji mee ka gburugburu ebe obibi dị ike maka njikwa nsị" <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsup.com/insights/a-guide-to-strengthening-the-enabling-environment-for-faecal-sludge-management/|title=Guide to strengthening the enabling environment for faecal sludge management|date=17 November 2017|work=Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor|accessdate=17 November 2017|archivedate=13 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513040943/https://www.wsup.com/insights/a-guide-to-strengthening-the-enabling-environment-for-faecal-sludge-management/}}</ref> * The International Labour Office (ILO) (2016) "WASH@Work: akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọzụzụ onwe onye<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldtoilet.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ILO-Wash@Work-Toolkit.pdf|title=WASH@Work: a Self-Training Handbook|publisher=International Labour Office|year=2016|isbn=9789221285236|location=Geneva|accessdate=14 November 2017}}</ref> * WHO, UNICEF na USAID (2015) "Imeziwanye Nsonaazụ Nri na Mmiri Ka Mma, Ịdị ọcha na Ịdị ọcha: Ngwọta bara uru maka Iwu na mmemme" <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/193991/1/9789241565103_eng.pdf|title=Improving nutrition outcomes with better water, sanitation and hygiene: practical solutions for policies and programmes. 1.Nutrition Disorders – etiology. 2.Water Quality. 3.Sanitation. 4.Hygiene. Health. 5.Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice|publisher=World Health Organization, UNICEF, USAID|year=2015|isbn=978-92-4-156510-3|accessdate=14 November 2017}}</ref> === Ihe omume === * 2019: Ihe omume akwadoro maka ụbọchị ụlọ mposi ụwa nke 2019 gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ ogbako na USA nke isiokwu ya bụ "Njikwa Manuure - Gịnị Poop Pụrụ Ịkụzi Ndị Ntorobịa!", Nrụnye nka na Ireland n'okpuru isiokwu "Chee echiche tupu ị na-asacha", na "Ụlọ mposi maka mmadụ niile. Mgbasa ozi na mpaghara ime obodo" na Madhya Pradesh, India <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldtoiletday.info/event/manure-management-what-poop-can-teach-youth/|title=Manure Management – What Poop Can Teach Youth!|work=World Toilet Day – Events|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028140530/https://www.worldtoiletday.info/event/manure-management-what-poop-can-teach-youth/|archivedate=28 October 2019|accessdate=11 November 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldtoiletday.info/event/think-before-you-flush/|title=Think Before You Flush|work=World Toilet Day – Events|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028140530/https://www.worldtoiletday.info/event/think-before-you-flush/|archivedate=28 October 2019|accessdate=11 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldtoiletday.info/event/toilets-for-all-campaign-in-rural-areas/|title=Toilets for all Campaign in Rural areas|work=World Toilet Day – Events|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028140530/https://www.worldtoiletday.info/event/toilets-for-all-campaign-in-rural-areas/|archivedate=28 October 2019|accessdate=11 November 2019}}</ref> * 2018: Ihe omume maka Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa na 2018 gụnyere ihe omume dị iche iche dị ka 'hackathon' na Ghana iji kwalite ngwọta dijitalụ, nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe nke Ndị injinia na-enweghị ókèala na Denmark, ihe ngosi na mkparịta ụka nke ihe nkiri Bollywood ''Ụlọ mposi: Ek Prem Katha'' (n'asụsụ Bekee - Ụlọ Mposi ''Ụlọ mposi: Akụkọ Ịhụnanya'') na Canada, na asọmpi eserese ụlọ akwụkwọ na India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/sanitation-hackathon/|title=World Toilet Day Hackathon|work=UN Water|accessdate=14 November 2018|archivedate=14 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060329/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/sanitation-hackathon/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/celebrate-world-toilet-day-with-engineers-without-borders-denmark-and-water-dtu/|title=Open seminar by Engineers without borders|work=UN Water|accessdate=14 November 2018|archivedate=14 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114100444/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/celebrate-world-toilet-day-with-engineers-without-borders-denmark-and-water-dtu/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/world-toilet-day-at-waterloo-film-screening/|title=Film screening Toilet: a love story|work=UN Water|accessdate=14 November 2018|archivedate=14 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114100310/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/world-toilet-day-at-waterloo-film-screening/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/draw-a-world-without-toilets/|title=Draw a world without toilets, India|work=UN Water|accessdate=14 November 2018|archivedate=14 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060419/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/event/draw-a-world-without-toilets/}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/wtd2018/events/|title=World Toilet Day 2018 Events|work=UN Water|accessdate=14 November 2018}}</ref> * 2017: Ndị otu Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) jiri ike gburugburu World Toilet Day na 2017 melite isiokwu [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] na isiokwu ndị metụtara WASH. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldtoiletday.info/meet-up-on-wikipedia/|title=Meet up on Wikipedia!|work=World Toilet Day (UN Water)|accessdate=14 November 2017|archivedate=8 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210054/http://www.worldtoiletday.info/meet-up-on-wikipedia/}}</ref> Nke a nyere aka na agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze banyere nsogbu ịdị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sei-international.org/press/press-releases/3771|title=Join the SuSanA Sanitation Wikipedia project|date=10 October 2017|work=Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)|accessdate=9 November 2017|archivedate=19 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119135635/https://www.sei.org/about-sei/press-room/join-the-susana-sanitation-wikipedia-project/}}</ref> Ihe ngosi "Follow the Flush," nke e wepụtara na 19 Nọvemba 2017, kụziiri ndị mmadụ ihe na-eme n'okpuru okporo ámá nke New York City mgbe mmadụ kpochapụrụ ụlọ mposi na Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thepoopproject.org/flush-watch|title=Follow the Flush|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Karina|date=16 November 2017|work=The Poop Project|accessdate=16 November 2017|archivedate=16 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116185737/http://thepoopproject.org/flush-watch}}</ref> Na-eduga na World Toilet Day 2017, obodo dị iche iche n'ụwa niile gbakọtara maka "Urgent Runs" nke nwere isiokwu dị ọcha. E mere ihe karịrị ihe omume 63 na mba 42. Ihe omume gụnyere ịgba ọsọ ntụrụndụ, ịga ije, mmemme nhicha ụlọ mposi, carnivals na ọbụna ngagharị ọgba tum tum.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://urgentrun.com/why.php|title=What's the urgency?|work=The Urgent Run|accessdate=14 November 2017|archivedate=22 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113237/http://urgentrun.com/why.php}}</ref> Mba ndị sonyere gụnyere: Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, [[Burundi]], Cambodia, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], Canada, China, Congo-Brazzaville, [[France]], Gambia, Germany, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Kenya, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Senegal, Tanzania, United States na Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsgram.com/the-urgent-run-to-address-sanitation-problem-in-delhi/|title=The Urgent Run to address sanitation problems in Delhi|date=2 November 2015|work=NewsGram|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://giaoduc.net.vn/Giao-duc-24h/Hon-2000-ban-tre-chay-khan-cap-vi-nha-ve-sinh-sach-post163375.gd|title=More than 2,000 young people run urgently because of clean toilets|date=15 November 2015|work=Electronic newspaper Vietnam Education|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> == Mmetụta == === Mmetụta mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta === Mgbasa ozi ụbọchị ụlọ mposi nke ụwa na akwụkwọ ndị metụtara ya na-erute ọtụtụ nde mmadụ site na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, webụsaịtị raara onwe ya nye na ọwa ndị ọzọ. 2017, hashtag #WorldToiletDay nwere ike iru ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 750 na mgbasa ozi ọha.: 17  N'afọ 2018, ikike iru eru mụbara site na 15%, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2017; Ọrụ ịntanetị na ndị edemede mụbara site na 12% na 22% ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2017, n'otu n'otu..<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.unwater.org/publications/un-water-annual-report-2018/|title=UN-Water Annual Report 2018|publisher=UN-Water|year=2018|accessdate=28 October 2019}}</ref>: 32  == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Usòrò:2015_World_Toilet_Day_at_United_Nations,_New_York.jpg|thumb|Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa kwupụtara n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na 2013 na nnọkọ nke 67 nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN na New York]] N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2001, Jack Sim, Onye ọrụ ebere si Singapore, guzobere NGO World Toilet Organization (WTO). O mechara kwupụta na 19 Nọvemba bụ Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/11/19/dont-laugh-world-toilet-day-aims-to-promote-sanitation-rid-world-disease.html|title=Don't Laugh: World Toilet Day Aims to Promote Sanitation, Rid World of Disease|date=19 November 2008|work=Fox News|accessdate=20 October 2015|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115083035/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/11/19/dont-laugh-world-toilet-day-aims-to-promote-sanitation-rid-world-disease.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A họọrọ aha "World Toilet Day" ọ bụghị "World Sanitation Day" maka ịdị mfe nke ozi ọha na eze, ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ mposi bụ naanị ọkwa mbụ nke usoro nhicha.<ref name="tilley">{{Cite book|url=http://www.eawag.ch/en/department/sandec/publications/compendium/|title=Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies|author=Tilley|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)|isbn=978-3-906484-57-0|edition=2nd|location=Duebendorf, Switzerland|year=2014|accessdate=15 November 2017}}</ref> Ihe omume World Toilet Day na mkpọsa mmata ọha na eze na-eme ka ọha na eze mara banyere usoro mkpofu dị iche iche nke gụnyere ọgwụgwọ mmiri, njikwa nsị, njikwa Ihe mkpofu siri ike nke obodo, njikwa [[Mmiri nke oké ifufe|Mmiri ozuzo]], ịdị ọcha, na Ịsa aka. Ọzọkwa, UN Sustainable Development Goals na-akpọ maka ihe karịrị naanị ụlọ mposi. [[Sustainable Development Goal 6|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 6]] na-akpọ maka ịdị ọcha zuru oke, nke na-agụnye usoro dum iji hụ na a na-edozi ihe mkpofu n'enweghị nsogbu.<ref name=":0"/> WTO malitere ịmanye maka nkwenye zuru ụwa ọnụ maka Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa na, na 2007, Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) malitere ịkwado Ụbọchị Ụlọ Posi Ụwa, kwa. Mgbalị ha iji mee ka a mara nsogbu nke ịdị ọcha na 2010 mgbe UN kwupụtara [[ikike mmadụ]] maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha dị ka ikike mmadụ.<ref name=":5"/> N'afọ 2013, atụmatụ jikọrọ aka n'etiti Gọọmentị Singapore na World Toilet Organization dugara na mkpebi UN mbụ nke Singapore, nke akpọrọ "Sanitation for All".<ref name=":12"/> Mkpebi ahụ na-akpọ oku ka e mee ihe n'otu n'otu iji kwụsị nsogbu ịdị ọcha n'ụwa. A mara Ụbọchị Ụlọ Mposi Ụwa dị ka ụbọchị UN n'afọ 2013. Mba 122 nabatara mkpebi ahụ na nnọkọ nke 67 nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN na New York. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (SDGs) nọchiri Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) na 2016. N'ụbọchị ụlọ mposi ụwa na 19 Nọvemba 2015, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations Ban Ki-moon gbara ume ka e mee ihe dị ukwuu iji mee ka mbọ dị ọhụrụ iji nye mmadụ niile ohere zuru oke. Ọ chetara onye ọ bụla "Kpọọ ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Sanitation" nke a malitere na 2013, na ebumnuche ịkwụsị nsị n'ihu ọha n'afọ 2025.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52596#.WguEy1T9SUl|title=Marking World Toilet Day, UN urges 'open, frank' discussion on importance of hygiene and sanitation|date=19 November 2015|accessdate=15 November 2017|archivedate=15 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115143250/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52596#.WguEy1T9SUl}}</ref> O kwukwara, sị: "N'ọtụtụ akụkọ, ịdị ọcha bụ ihe kachasị njọ nke Millennium Development Goals".<ref name=":3" /> A na-asọpụrụ osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN, Jan Eliasson, na World Toilet Day na 2016 na New York maka mkpebi siri ike ya imebi iwu mkpofu.<ref name="UNWater2016">{{Cite book|url=http://www.unwater.org/publications/un-water-annual-report-2016/|title=Annual Report UN-Water 2016|publisher=UN-Water|year=2016|location=Geneva, Switzerland|accessdate=14 November 2017}}</ref>: 23 Dịka ọmụmaatụ, o nyefere ozi vidiyo nye ndị bịara mmemme WaterAid na Unilever jikọrọ aka na European Parliament na World Toilet Day 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU9NE6aXutc|title=A message from the UN Deputy Secretary-General on World Toilet Day 2014|work=[[YouTube]]|date=17 November 2014|accessdate=15 November 2017|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825160403/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU9NE6aXutc}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, UN-Water kwadoro "A Toast for Toilets" na New York na United Nations Mission of Singapore.<ref name="UNWater2016" /> : 23 : 23  == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == [[Usòrò:Child_in_open_sewer_in_Nigeria_(3150664698).jpg|thumb|Nwatakịrị na-asụ nsị n'ọwara mmiri dị na Gege n'obodo [[Ibadan]], Naịjirịa]] N'ụwa niile, ijeri mmadụ 4.2 na-ebi na-enweghị "nlekọta dị ọcha" na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 673 n'ụwa niile na-eme nsị n'èzí.&nbsp;&nbsp;: 74 Ịnọ mamịrị n'èzí nwekwara ike isi ike maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ. Ụmụ nwanyị na-ejikarị ọchịchịrị eme ihe iji nye ha nzuzo, mana mgbe ahụ ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị a wakporo mgbe ha nọ naanị ha n'abalị.<ref name="autogenerated3"/><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite journal|author=Lennon|first=Shirley|title=Fear and anger: Perceptions of risks related to sexual violence against women linked to water and sanitation in Delhi, India|journal=SHARE (Sanitation and Hygiene Applied Research for Equity) and WaterAid, UK|date=November 2011|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1758|accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> E mere atụmatụ na 58% nke ọrịa [[afọ ọsịsa]] niile n'ụwa niile n'afọ 2015 sitere na mmiri na-adịghị mma, adịghị ọcha na omume dị ọcha na-adịghị, dị ka Ịsa aka ezughi oke. Nke a mere ka ọkara nde ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise nwụọ site na afọ ọsịsa kwa afọ. E mere atụmatụ na inye ịdị ọcha ga-ebelata ohere nke ụmụaka na-arịa afọ ọsịsa site na 7-17%, na ọnwụ ndị na-erubeghị afọ ise site na 5-20%.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gunther|first=Isabel|date=April 2010|title=Water, Sanitation and Children's Health Evidence from 172 DHS Surveys|url=https://sanitationupdates.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/worldbank-dhs2010.pdf|journal=The World Bank Development Economics Prospects Group|issue=5275|accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> [[ikike mmadụ]] maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha ka United Nations (UN) General Assembly nabatara dị ka ikike mmadụ na 28 Julaị 2010. Enweghị ike ịnweta mkpofu (ụlọ mposi) nwere mmetụta na ahụike ọha na eze, ùgwù, na nchekwa.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> Mgbasa nke ọtụtụ ọrịa (dịka helminthiasis na-ebute n'ala, [[afọ ọsịsa]], [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]]) na uto na-ebelata n'ime ụmụaka nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na ndị mmadụ na-ahụ Nsị mmadụ n'ihi na ụlọ mposi adịghị ma ọ bụ anaghị eji ya eme ihe. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke 6 na-ezube inye mmadụ niile ịdị ọcha. == Hụkwa == * Bindeshwar Pathak onye ọsụ ụzọ ọzọ * Ụbọchị Ịsa Aka Ụwa Nile * [[Ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha|Ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na ịdị ọcha]] * Ụbọchị Ụmụ nwoke nke Mba Nile, kwa na 19 Nọvemba * Ụbọchị Ịdị ọcha * WASH * Nsogbu mmiri na mba ndị na-emepe emepe == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0om8rhmb8iaatmnmc553bbyhrwpyqma Carmine Giorgione 0 51350 741432 720602 2026-10-23T22:15:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmine Giorgione''' (amuru 17 June 1991) bu onye okacha amara nke ndi Italy nke na-agba egwu maka klọb Serie C Giugliano . Ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị 7 oge na Serie C. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Amụrụ na Benevento, Campania, Giorgione gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ntorobịa Berretti na Primavera <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.padovacalcio.it/sgiovanileberretti.php|title=Calcio Padova 1910 - Settore giovanile berretti|accessdate=1 August 2019|publisher=Calcio Padova|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225141137/http://www.padovacalcio.it/sgiovanileberretti.php|archivedate=25 February 2008|language=Italian}}</ref> nke akụkụ Veneto Padova ruo Jenụwarị 2010. Tupu ịbanye na Padova, ọ gbakwara egwu maka otu ndị ntorobịa "Giovanissimi" <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.settoregiovanile.figc.it/regionale/campania/com_uff/2004/43%20C.U.%2043%20del%2016-3-2006.doc|title=Campionato Giovanissimi|journal=Comunicato Ufficiale|volume=2005–06|issue=43|date=16 March 2006|language=Italian|archive-date=2006-05-12|access-date=2024-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512073024/http://www.settoregiovanile.figc.it/regionale/campania/com_uff/2004/43%20C.U.%2043%20del%2016-3-2006.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref> nke Campania n'akụkụ Avellino dị ka onye ọkpọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usavellino.it/php_file/sqgiovanissimi.php|title=SQUADRA GIOVANISSIMI|accessdate=1 August 2019|publisher=U.S. Avellino|language=Italian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506053833/http://www.usavellino.it/php_file/sqgiovanissimi.php|archivedate=6 May 2006}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2010, erere ya na akụkụ Varese nke Lega Pro Prima na nkwekọrịta ikike . Na June 2010, Padova nyere ndị fọdụrụ 50% ndebanye ikike Giorgione ka Varese. Na mbido oge 2010–11, Lega Pro Seconda Divisione akụkụ Valenzana bịanyere aka na Giorgione na nkwekọrịta nwa oge. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.varesesport.com/2011/giorgione-e-furlan-in-prova-al-savona-resta-solo-lepore-a-varese/|title=Giorgione e Furlan in prova al Savona, resta solo Lepore a Varese|date=31 July 2011|accessdate=1 August 2019|work=Varese Sport|publisher=Edizioni Sunrise Media|language=Italian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801071651/http://www.varesesport.com/2011/giorgione-e-furlan-in-prova-al-savona-resta-solo-lepore-a-varese/|archive-date=1 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na oge ọzọ ọ hapụrụ Savona na mbinye ego ọzọ. == Ntụaka == Jenụwarị 2010. Tupu ịbanye na Padova, ọ gbakwara egwu maka otu ndị ntorobịa "{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Giorgione, Carmine}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3sitvsqrplgapvox7l741rtvivz7ng8 Carolyn Bertozzi 0 52840 741433 697732 2026-10-23T22:20:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|image=Carolyn Bertozzi by Christopher Michel in 2022 4.jpg|caption=Bertozzi in 2022}} '''Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi''' (amuru Ọktoba 10, 1966) bu onye America chemist na Nobel laureate, nke amara maka oru ya buru ibu nke gbasara ma kemistri na bayoloji. Ọ chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ " kemịkalụ bioorthogonal " <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hhmi.org/scientists/carolyn-r-bertozzi|title=Carolyn R. Bertozzi|work=HHMI.org|language=en|accessdate=February 5, 2020}}</ref> maka mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dabara na sistemu ndụ. Mgbalị ya na nso nso a gụnyere njikọ nke ngwa kemịkalụ iji mụọ shuga dị n'elu cell a na-akpọ glycans yana otu ha si emetụta ọrịa dịka kansa, mbufụt, na ọrịa nje dị ka COVID-19 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carolyn Bertozzi {{!}} Department of Chemistry|url=https://chemistry.stanford.edu/people/carolyn-bertozzi|accessdate=March 16, 2022|work=chemistry.stanford.edu}}</ref> Na Mahadum Stanford, ọ na-ejide Anne T. na Robert M. Bass Prọfesọ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Humanities na Sciences. <ref name="Adams">{{Cite news|author=Adams|first=Amy|title=Stanford chemist explains excitement of chemistry to students, the public|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/june/chemistry-bertozzi-qna-060515.html|accessdate=July 19, 2015}}</ref> Bertozzi bụkwa onye nyocha na Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) <ref name="GLBT">{{Cite news|title=Carolyn Bertozzi honored by GLBT organization|url=http://berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2007/02/21_awards.shtml|accessdate=February 8, 2013|work=UC Berkeley News|date=February 27, 2007}}</ref> ma bụrụ onye bụbu onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Molecular Foundry, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nanoscience na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . <ref name="HHMI Bio" /> Ọ natara ihe nrite MacArthur "genius" mgbe ọ dị afọ 33. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carolyn Bertozzi, Organic Chemist|url=http://www.macfound.org/fellows/600/|work=MacArthur Foundation|accessdate=February 3, 2015}}</ref> Na 2010, ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwetara ihe nrite ngalaba Lemelson – MIT Prize . Ọ bụ onye so na National Academy of Sciences (2005), Institute of Medicine (2011), na National Academy of Inventors (2013). Na 2014, a mara ọkwa na Bertozzi ga-edu ''ACS Central Science'', American Chemical Society 's first peer-reviewed open access journal, nke na-enye ọdịnaya niile n'efu na ọha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carolyn Bertozzi To Lead ACS Central Science {{!}} Chemical & Engineering News|url=http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/09/Carolyn-Bertozzi-Lead-ACS-Central.html|work=cen.acs.org|accessdate=August 19, 2015|first=Linda|author=Wang}}</ref> Kemgbe 2021 ọ bụbu onye otu Accademia dei Lincei . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lincei.it/en/node/9765|title=Alla lincea Carolyn Bertozzi uno dei Nobel per la Chimica 2022|publisher=Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei|work=www.lincei.it|language=it|accessdate=October 7, 2022}}</ref> Dị ka nwanyị nwanyị mepere emepe na agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị, Bertozzi abụrụla ihe nlereanya maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ ibe ya. <ref name="Cassell">{{Cite news|author=Cassell|first=Heather|title=Two Bay Area gay scientists honored|url=https://www.ebar.com/story.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=&id=237708|accessdate=October 5, 2022|work=Bay Area Reporter|date=February 22, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=NOGLSTP to Honor Bertozzi, Gill, Mauzey, and Bannochie at 2007 Awards Ceremony in February|accessdate=February 19, 2019|url=https://www.noglstp.org/publications-documents/announcements/2007-01-21-noglstp-to-honor-bertozzi-gill-mauzey-and-bannochie-at-2007-awards-ceremony-in-february/|publisher=NOGLSTP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043107/https://www.noglstp.org/publications-documents/announcements/2007-01-21-noglstp-to-honor-bertozzi-gill-mauzey-and-bannochie-at-2007-awards-ceremony-in-february/|archive-date=2021-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Carolyn Bertozzi nwetara BA, ''summa cum laude'', na kemịkalụ si Mahadum Harvard, ebe ya na Prọfesọ Joe Grabowski na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi na iwu nke calorimeter fotoacoustic. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=214–26|doi=10.1016/0003-2697(92)90003-P|title=Fluorescence probes in biochemistry: An examination of the non-fluorescent behavior of dansylamide by photoacoustic calorimetry|url=https://archive.org/details/analytical-biochemistry_1992-12_207_2/page/214|year=1992|author=Grabowski|first=Joseph J.|journal=[[Analytical Biochemistry]]|volume=207|issue=2|pmid=1481973}}</ref> Ọrụ ya masịrị Grabowski ma chọọ ka Bertozzi dee akụkọ banyere ọrụ a, bụ nke e debere na Bertozzi jiri nnukwu ego nrite nweta ihe nrite Thomas T. Hoopes Undergraduate Thesis Prize . <ref name=":6" /> Mgbe ọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ na-agụghị akwụkwọ, ọ na-egwuri egwu n'ọtụtụ ìgwè, karịsịa Bored of Education na Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello . <ref name="NIGMS Bio">{{Cite web|title=Meet Carolyn Bertozzi|url=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/chemist_bertozzi.htm|publisher=NIGMS|accessdate=February 8, 2013|archivedate=October 5, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005223521/https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/chemist_bertozzi.htm}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Houlton|first=Sarah|date=January 12, 2018|title=Carolyn Bertozzi|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/carolyn-bertozzi/3008380.article|accessdate=October 7, 2020|work=Chemistry World|publisher=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Harvard na 1988, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bell Labs na Chris Chidsey. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inchemistry.acs.org/content/inchemistry/en/acs-and-you/carolyn-bertozzi.html|title=Carolyn Bertozzi' s Winding Road to an Extraordinary Career|work=inChemistry|accessdate=February 17, 2020|first=Eric|author=Stewart|date=March 27, 2017|publisher=[[American Chemical Society]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ na nyocha == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Berkeley na Ph.D., Bertozzi bụ onye ọrụ postdoctoral na Mahadum California, San Francisco (UCSF) na Steven Rosen, bụ ebe ọ mụrụ ọrụ nke endothelial oligosaccharides n'ịkwalite adhesion cell na saịtị mbufụt . <ref name="Davis" /> <ref name="Gardiner">{{Cite journal|author=Gardiner|first=Mary Beth|title=The Right Chemistry|journal=HHMI Bulletin|date=Winter 2005|pages=8–12|url=https://www.hhmi.org/sites/default/files/Bulletin/2005/Winter/winter2005_fulltext.pdf|accessdate=October 24, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ya na Rosen na-arụ ọrụ na UCSF, Bertozzi nwere ike gbanwee protein na sugar molecules na mgbidi nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị ndụ ka mkpụrụ ndụ na-anabata ihe ndị mba ọzọ dị ka ntinye. <ref name="CHFBio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/proteins-and-sugars/bertozzi.aspx|title=Carolyn Bertozzi|work=Chemical Heritage Foundation|archivedate=July 12, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712164415/http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/proteins-and-sugars/bertozzi.aspx}}</ref> Na 1996 Bertozzi ghọrọ onye nkuzi na UC Berkeley College of Chemistry <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sanders|first=Robert|title=Chemistry Nobelist Carolyn Bertozzi's years at UC Berkeley|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2022/10/05/chemistry-nobelist-carolyn-bertozzis-years-at-uc-berkeley/|accessdate=15 October 2022|work=Berkeley News|date=5 October 2022}}</ref> na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Molecular Foundry . <ref name="Davis" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2022/10/05/carolyn-bertozzi-wins-2022-nobel-chemistry|title=Former Berkeley Lab Scientist Carolyn Bertozzi Wins 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry|accessdate=September 7, 2022}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nyocha na HHMI kemgbe 2000. <ref name="HHMI Bio">{{Cite web|title=Carolyn Bertozzi|url=http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/bertozzi_bio.html|publisher=HHMI|accessdate=February 8, 2013|archivedate=May 16, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516204149/http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/bertozzi_bio.html}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. HHMI. Archived from on May 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Na 1999, mgbe ya na HHMI na-arụ ọrụ na Berkeley, o hiwere ngalaba nke kemịkalụ bioorthogonal wee chepụta okwu ahụ na 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://cen.acs.org/people/profiles/Carolyn-Bertozzis-glycorevolution/98/i5|title=Carolyn Bertozzi's glycorevolution|work=Chemical & Engineering News|language=en|accessdate=February 12, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.invent.org/inductees/carolyn-bertozzi|title=NIHF Inductee Carolyn Bertozzi Invented Bioorthogonal Chemistry|work=www.invent.org|language=en|accessdate=February 5, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sletten|first=Ellen M.|date=September 20, 2011|title=From Mechanism to Mouse: A Tale of Two Bioorthogonal Reactions|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|volume=44|issue=9|pages=666–676|doi=10.1021/ar200148z|issn=0001-4842|pmid=21838330}}</ref> Mpaghara ọhụrụ a na usoro a na-enye ndị na-eme nchọpụta ohere iji kemịkal gbanwee mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ ma ghara ịkwụsị usoro nke cell. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sletten|first=Ellen M.|date=2009|title=Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English|volume=48|issue=38|pages=6974–6998|doi=10.1002/anie.200900942|issn=1433-7851|pmid=19714693}}</ref> Na 2015, Bertozzi kwagara na Mahadum Stanford iji sonye na CheM-H Institute. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bertozzigroup.stanford.edu/bio.htm|title=Carolyn R. Bertozzi|work=bertozzigroup.stanford.edu|accessdate=April 13, 2018|archivedate=August 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806163551/https://bertozzigroup.stanford.edu/bio.htm}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Bertozzi tolitere na Lexington, Massachusetts, ada Norma Gloria (Berringer) na William Bertozzi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/norma-bertozzi-obituary?id=30733422|title=NORMA GLORIA BERTOZZI Obituary (2021) Boston Globe|work=[[Legacy.com]]}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye Ịtali . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lavocedinewyork.com/en/news/2022/10/05/italian-american-scientist-carolyn-bertozzi-wins-the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry|title=Italian American Scientist Carolyn Bertozzi Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry|date=October 5, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Il Nobel per la chimica 2022 a Bertozzi, Meldal e Sharpless|url=https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2022/10/attesa-per-lassegnazione-del-nobel-per-la-chimica-2022-7e183214-ce64-4cf4-b5b4-a1fac3bccbd8.html}}</ref> Nne na nna nne ya si [[Nova Scotia]], [[Kánada|Canada]] . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://digital.sciencehistory.org/works/3xomins|title=Oral history interview with Carolyn R. Bertozzi}}</ref> O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, otu n'ime ha, Andrea Bertozzi, nọ na ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles . <ref name="UCLA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.math.ucla.edu/~bertozzi/|title=UCLA Math Department Faculty|accessdate=June 4, 2012}}</ref> Nna ya bụ prọfesọ physics na Massachusetts Institute of Technology . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/physics/people/faculty/bertozzi_william.html|title=MIT Physics Department Faculty|accessdate=June 4, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="Davis" /> Bertozzi na ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ tolitere gburugburu sayensị. N'ihi na nna ha bụ prọfesọ physics, mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị chọrọ ịbụ mgbe ha tolitere, azịza ya bụ otu onye: ọkà mmụta sayensị nuklia. Ụmụ agbọghọ atọ ahụ ga-aga ogige MIT, dịka nna ha rọrọ nrọ na ha ga-aga MIT n'ihi "ngwakọta mpako na nkwa nke nkuzi n'efu." O wutere William, Carolyn gara Harvard kama n'ihi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nyere ike na-abụghị naanị sayensị. <ref name="Davis" /> Bertozzi tụlere obere oge ọrụ na egwu. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka nhazi egwu na mmezu egwu. Nkà ya na kiiboodu nwetara onyinye ya dị ka onye isi egwu sitere na egwu egwu mahadum dị iche iche, mana ọ chere na ọ "na-elekwasị anya mgbe niile na sayensị". <ref name="Davis">{{Cite journal|author=Davis|first=T.|title=Profile of Carolyn Bertozzi|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2010-02-16_107_7/page/2737|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=February 16, 2010|volume=107|issue=7|pages=2737–2739|doi=10.1073/pnas.0914469107|pmid=20160128}}</ref> Bertozzi bụ nwanyị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na ọ nọla kemgbe ngwụcha 1980s. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Navals|first=Pauline|date=April 5, 2022|title=ONE ON ONE WITH CAROLYN BERTOZZI|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|language=en|url=https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/One-on-one-with-Carolyn-Bertozzi/100/i12}}</ref> == Ntụaka == mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị chọrọ ịbụ mgbe ha tolitere, azịza ya bụ otu onye: ọkà mmụta sayensị nuklia. Ụmụ agbọghọ atọ ahụ ga-aga ogige MIT, dịka nna ha rọrọ nrọ na ha ga-aga MIT n'ihi "ngwakọta {{DEFAULTSORT:Carolyn,Bertozzi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0rngi99zatcugkaxov82i2xujm8nz7f Emna Mizouni 0 53398 741496 737066 2026-10-24T09:49:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikimedia Summit 2019 - Portrait Emna Mizouni (2).jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] '''Emna Mizouni''' (amụrụ 1987) <ref name="doyou">{{Cite web|url=https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|title=Emna Mizouni: Marketing, Communication, Relations publiques, Community Management|publisher=doyoubuzz.com|accessdate=27 August 2019|language=fr|archivedate=27 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827092355/https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true"> (in French). doyoubuzz.com. Archived from [https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni the original] on 27 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> bụ onye ntanetị Tunisian na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, onye nta akụkọ nweere onwe ya, ọkachamara nkwurịta okwu na onye isi azụmahịa . Na Julaị 2019, Mgbe ọ gbasachara nke ọma iji kwado RightsCon Tunis, Nweta Ugbu a, otu mba ụwa na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ [[Ikike mmadụ|maka ikike mmadụ]] nwere ebumnuche na ịntanetị mepere emepe, kwupụtara nhọpụta ya ije ozi na kọmitii ndị isi ụwa ha. <ref name="rc2019">{{Cite web|url=https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|title=Emna Mizouni|publisher=RightsCon 2019|date=June 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019}}</ref> <ref name="anb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/|title=Tunisian activist Emna Mizouni joins Access Now board|publisher=Access Now|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019|archivedate=22 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822105948/https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/}}</ref> Na March 2013, Mizouni tọrọ ntọala Carthagina, Atumatu e mere iji mepụta mmasị na Tunisia omenala nketa n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|title=Des cartes postales pour partager l'amour de la Tunisie à travers le monde|author=Sghaier, Mohamed Ali|date=20 February 2015|publisher=Tunis Webdo|accessdate=20 February 2015|language=fr|archivedate=26 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194936/http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eastwest.eu/it/opinioni/open-doors/rinascita-medina-tunisi-reportage|title=I nuovi sogni della medina di Tunisi|author=Pierandrei, Elisa|publisher=eastwest.eu|accessdate=2 April 2018|language=it}}</ref> N'August 2019, a kwanyere ya ugwu dị ka Wikimedian nke afọ na Wikimania, n'ihi ọrụ ndu ọ rụrụ na mmepe obodo Arab na Africa yana ihe ịga nke ọma ya n'ịkwalite akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala Tunisia. <ref name="wikifdn">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/18/meet-emna-mizouni-the-newly-minted-2019-wikimedian-of-the-year/|title=Meet Emna Mizouni, the newly minted 2019 Wikimedian of the Year|author=Erhart, Ed|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=18 August 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == N'ịbụ onye a zụlitere na isi obodo Tunis Tunis, Mizouni nwetara akwụkwọ site na Lycée Khaznadar na mpaghara Le Bardo nke obodo ahụ na 2006. Ọ gara École supérieure de commerce (ESCT) na Tunis ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na njikwa (2009) wee nweta akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na ahịa, mkparịta ụka azụmahịa, na nkwukọrịta (2011). Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ahịa ahịa na dịka onye nta akụkọ na onye mgbasa ozi redio. Na June 2012, a họpụtara ya onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi maka British Council . <ref name="doyou"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html|title=Tunisia: British Council Launches Projects, Urges Youth to Take Part in Sociopolitical Debates|publisher=allAfinca|date=10 March 2014|accessdate=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612093652/https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html/|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'ikpeazụ nke Arab Spring, Mizouni nwere mmasị na ụkọ ihe ọmụma gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala Tunisia. N'ihi ya, ya na ndị ọzọ na-arụkọ ọrụ, ọ tọrọ ntọala Carthagina (dabere na Carthage, aha ochie nke Tunis) nke e mere iji kwalite omenala omenala Tunisia. <ref name="anb"/> Prọfesọ Safwan Masri kwuru n'akwụkwọ ya ''Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly'' na mgbe ọ na-ezute Mizouni, ọ gwara ya banyere "mkpa mgbe Jasmine mgbanwe nke Tunisians 'nsụhọ nke ha dịgasị iche iche na Mediterranean akụkọ ihe mere eme ka ha na-edepụta ọdịnihu ha". <ref name="Masri2017">{{Cite book|author=Safwan M. Masri|title=Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT553|date=5 September 2017|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54502-0|pages=553–}}</ref> Na 2017, dị ka onye isi nke ọrụ ahụ, ọ kọwara, sị: "Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ gasịrị, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-eche banyere njirimara obodo ahụ. Ihe ngosi dị iche iche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala anyị gosipụtara ntakịrị ihe anyị maara n'ezie banyere ihe nketa ọdịbendị anyị bara ụba." Ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] na [[Wikimedia Commons]], o haziri asọmpi foto lekwasịrị anya na saịtị ihe nketa Tunisia, na-eme nke ọma n'ime ka ndị sonyere nyefee narị foto foto na mmekorita ya na ọrụ GLAM nke Wikimedia. Nke a butere ọrụ Carthagina "MedinaPedia", na-enye ohere ịnweta ozi gbasara saịtị Tunis Medina na ekwentị mkpanaaka site na koodu QR . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/reportages/quatre-projets-associatifs-qui-font-bouger-la-tunisie|title=Quatre projets associatifs qui font bouger la Tunisie|author=Blaise, Lilia|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamaity.org/2015/08/medinapedia-tous-sur-les-tresors-de-la-medina-de-tunis/|title=MedinaPedia: Tous sur les trésors de la Médina de Tunis|publisher=Jamaity|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829111551/http://jamaity.org/2015/08/medinapedia-tous-sur-les-tresors-de-la-medina-de-tunis/|archive-date=29 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oru GLAM ọzọ bụ ndị ndu Mizouni hibere; Wikimedian nọ n'ime ụlọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ Diocesan nke Tunis, na mmekorita ya na Ọbá akwụkwọ na Archdiocese nke Tunis nke Archbishọp Tunis Ilario Antoniazzi bịanyere aka na ya. Mizouni hụkwara Carthagina dị ka ihe mkpali nye ndị na-eto eto igosi mmasị na obodo ha n'ụzọ siri ike, kama site n'ịgbaso nkuzi akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agwụ ike n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/Carthagina/interview-carthagina-ralit|title="Carthagina": À la recherche du patrimoine perdu|author=Bahri, Farouk|publisher=Réalité|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=fr}}</ref> == Ntụaka == kwupụtara nhọpụta ya ije ozi na kọmitiiakpọpụta [ ʔaːmina almizuni ] ndị isi ụwa ha. [1] [2] Na March 2013, Mizouna saịtị ihe nketa Tunisia, na-eme nke ọmani {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mizouni, Emna}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 47jgfl8l5liqndyvgeawegldms3vbtb Erika Camacho 0 54489 741498 641755 2026-10-24T10:40:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741498 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Erika Tatiana Camacho''' bụ ọkà mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mexico na America na prọfesọ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Texas na San Antonio . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciences.utsa.edu/faculty/profiles/camacho-tatiana.html|title=Erika Tatiana Camacho, Ph.D.|work=sciences.utsa.edu|accessdate=11 April 2024|archivedate=26 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526191205/https://sciences.utsa.edu/faculty/profiles/camacho-tatiana.html}}</ref> Ọ bụ onyinye nturu ugo Onye isi ala nke 2014 maka Ọkachamma na Sayensị, mgbakọ na mwepụ na Injinia Mentoring (PAESMEM). <ref name="paesmem">{{Cite web|url=http://www.paesmem.com/node/2618/|title=PAESMEM Award|work=paesmem.net|accessdate=2018-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829124426/http://www.paesmem.com/node/2618/|archivedate=2018-08-29}}</ref> Jaime Escalante kụziiri ya ma kụziere ya ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, onye bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri ''Stand and Deliver'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebestschools.org/magazine/jaime-escalante-21st-century-still-standing-delivering/|title=Jaime Escalante in the 21st Century: Still Standing and Delivering - The Best Schools|work=Thebestschools.org|accessdate=10 June 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141715/https://thebestschools.org/magazine/jaime-escalante-21st-century-still-standing-delivering/}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Camacho 3 Septemba 1974 na Guadalajara, Mexico. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Garfield High School site na 1990 ruo 1993 ebe Jaime Escalante kụziiri ya. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://math4science.org/erika-camacho/|title=Erika Camacho – Math4Science|work=Math4science.org|accessdate=10 June 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140311/http://math4science.org/erika-camacho/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Math4science.org''. Archived from on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://diverseeducation.com/?emerging-scholar=life-in-absolute-values|title=Life In Absolute Values - Diverse|work=Diverseeducation.com|accessdate=10 June 2018}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wellesley College, cum laude, na Bachelor of Arts degrees na mgbakọ na mwepụ na akụnụba na 1997, ọ gara nweta PhD na mgbakọ na mwepụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cam.cornell.edu/cam/about/spotlights.cfm?s_id=560&page=1|title=Spotlights - Center for Applied Mathematics - Cornell Engineering|work=Cam.cornell.edu|accessdate=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129173024/http://www.cam.cornell.edu/cam/about/spotlights.cfm?s_id=560&page=1|archive-date=29 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Mahadum Cornell na 2003 maka nyocha ya na ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ nke retinal dynamics. == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ nọrọ otu afọ dị ka postdoc na Los Alamos National Laboratory, Camacho sonyeere ngalaba nke Ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Loyola Marymount na 2004. O mebere ma duzie ahụmịhe nyocha nke okpomọkụ maka Undergraduates, Applied Mathematical Sciences Summer Research Institute (AMSSI), nke sitere na 2005 ruo 2007 site na nkwado sitere na National Science Foundation na National Security Agency . Nchọpụta ya lekwasịrị anya na ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ nke photoreceptors na retina. <ref name="auto"/> Na 2007, ọ kwagara Arizona State University ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ nke etinyere mgbakọ na mwepụ . Na 2013–2014, ọ kuziri na MIT na mmemme nleta Ọkachamara MLK. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://math.mit.edu/diversity/members/erika-camacho/|title=Erika Camacho, Mathematics – Martin Luther King Jr. Scholars|work=math.mit.edu|date=15 September 2021|accessdate=20 Jan 2023}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ bọọdụ mba gụnyere Council of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ams.org/about-us/governance/committees/council-past.html|title=AMS Council Members|work=ams.org|accessdate=20 Jan 2023}}</ref> Advisory Board of National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS), <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nimbios.org/governance/|title=NIMBioS Board of Advisors|work=www.nimbios.org|accessdate=20 Jan 2023}}</ref> na SACNAS Board of Directors. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacnas.org/board-of-directors|title=SACNAS Board of Directors|work=sacnas.org|accessdate=20 January 2023}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu AMS Council n'ozuzu site na 2018 ruo 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|title=AMS Committees|url=http://www.ams.org/about-us/governance/committees/mal-past.html|accessdate=2023-03-29|work=American Mathematical Society|language=en|archivedate=2023-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306081906/https://www.ams.org/about-us/governance/committees/mal-past.html}}</ref> Na Septemba 2019 ọ malitere ntụgharị afọ 3 dị ka onye isi mmemme na National Science Foundation. Ọ bụ onye isi na mmemme HSI wee soro mmemme ADVANCE rụọ ọrụ. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi mmemme na Racial Equity in STEM Program Description ebe enyere ya na ndị isi mmemme ndị ọzọ onyinye onyinye 2022 Director maka mmezu kachasị elu: "Maka mma, nsonye, imekọ ihe ọnụ, iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, mmụta, nghọta, na ọrụ ọha n'ịmepụta. na iweta mmezu nke EHR Racial Equity in STEM Education Program Description, echiche nke oge ya nke mmetụta ya nwere ike gbanwee n'ụzọ bụ isi na nkà mmụta sayensị na NSF." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://events.tvworldwide.com/Events/NSF-Awards-Ceremony-2022|title=NSF Director's Award Ceremony|work=events.tvworldwide.com|accessdate=3 January 2023}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2023, ọ malitere onyinye mmụta Fulbright Scholar na Institut de la Vision na Paris (Mahadum Sorbonne), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/erika-camacho|title=U.S. Fulbright Scholar page}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.asu.edu/20220726-2-asu-math-professors-earn-prestigious-fulbright-scholar-awards|title=ASU math professors earn prestigious Fulbright Scholar Award|date=26 July 2022}}</ref> na n'August nke afọ ahụ, o kwupụtara ịkwaga na Mahadum Texas na San Antonio. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/erika-tatiana-camacho-4665a013_i-am-at-the-university-of-texas-at-san-antonio-activity-7099428788068827136-IgO7/|title=I am at The University of Texas at San Antonio!|date=August 2023|work=linkedin.com|accessdate=11 April 2024}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nkwado siri ike maka itinye aka na STEM. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kjzz.org/content/446987/womens-business-conference-focus-latinas-stem-careers|title=Women's Business Conference To Focus On Latinas In STEM Careers|date=15 March 2017|work=KJZZ|accessdate=10 June 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sloan-scholars.ssrc.org/sloan-scholars/spotlights-features/erika-camacho-on-mentoring-in-service-of-diversity/|title=Featured Interview: Sloan Scholar Erika Camacho on Mentoring in Service of Diversity – Sloan Scholars Mentoring Network|work=Sloan-scholars.ssrc.org|accessdate=10 June 2018|archivedate=2 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202063909/https://sloan-scholars.ssrc.org/sloan-scholars/spotlights-features/erika-camacho-on-mentoring-in-service-of-diversity/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statepress.com/article/2010/03/asu-mathematics-professor-from-low-income-l-a-high-school-excelling-in-ariz/|title=Once uninspired student, math professor finds passion in teaching|work=Statepress.com|accessdate=10 June 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://technica-magazine.com/erika-tatiana-camacho-phd/|title=Erika Tatiana Camacho, Ph.D.|work=Technica Magazine|accessdate=10 June 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143831/http://technica-magazine.com/erika-tatiana-camacho-phd/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == Camacho bụ onye nnata nke American Association for the Advancement of Science 's 2019 Mentor Award <ref>{{Cite web|author=Holland|first=Richard|title=ASU New College professor receives 2019 AAAS Mentor Award|date=7 February 2019|url=https://asunow.asu.edu/20190207-asu-new-college-professor-receives-2019-aaas-mentor-award|publisher=ASU Now|accessdate=9 February 2019}}</ref> na 2014 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM), <ref name="paesmem"/> nyere onyinye maka nyocha ya na nduzi ya. nke undergraduates. Na 2023 ọ natara M. Gweneth Humphreys Award iji kwado ndị nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ bụ ndị gosipụtara ezigbo ndụmọdụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awm-math.org/2023-gweneth-humphreys-award/|title=Humphreys Award 2023|work=awm-math.org|date=19 October 2022}}</ref> na na 2020 ọ natara Louise Hay Award for Mathematics Education, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awm-math.org/awards/hay-award/hay-award-2020/|title=Hay Award 2020|work=awm-math.org}}</ref> ha abụọ sitere na Association for Women in Mathematics . Ọ meriri 2020 SACNAS Onye isi oche Onye isi ala, <ref name="sacnas-award">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacnas.org/honor-excellence/archive|title=SACNAS Award|work=Sacnas.org|accessdate=26 February 2024}}</ref> 2018 American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE) pụrụ iche Latino / ngalaba na nyocha mmụta mmụta dị elu (ụlọ ọrụ nyocha) (ugbu a AAHHE Sylvia Hurtado University Faculty Award), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aahhe.org/university-faculty-award|title=AAHHE Sylvia Hurtado University Faculty Award|publisher=American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education|accessdate=2024-06-17}}</ref> 2017 HENAAC Education Award, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatmindsinstem.org/professionals/award-winners-2017.html|title=award-winners-2017|work=Greatmindsinstem.org|accessdate=2017-11-17|archivedate=2021-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729054619/https://www.greatmindsinstem.org/professionals/award-winners-2017.html}}</ref> 2012 SACNAS Distinguished Undergraduate Institution Mentor Award, <ref name="sacnas-award" /> na 2011 Hispanic Women's Corporation National Latina Leadership Award. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azpbs.org/horizonte/2011/09/hispanic-womens-conference/|title=Hispanic Women's Conference - Arizona PBS|work=Azpbs.org}}</ref> A họpụtara Camacho ka ọ bụrụ onye otu nke Association for Women in Mathematics na klas nke 2024 "maka onye ndu ya na ọganihu, nduzi, na nkwado nke ụmụ nwanyị na ndị otu na-enweghị aha na ọkwa niile site na ịmepụta ohere, nyocha imekọ ihe ọnụ, na ọrụ nwere mmetụta. Ọrụ ya na-eweta mgbanwe usoro na-adịgide adịgide, ụdị dị iche iche, nha anya, na nsonye na mgbakọ na mwepụ, yana karịa na STEM." <ref name="Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) b931">{{Cite web|title=2024 AWM Fellows|work=Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM)|url=https://awm-math.org/awards/awm-fellows/2024-awm-fellows/|accessdate=28 October 2023}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka onye otu American Mathematical Society na klas 2024 nke ndị otu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ams.org/fellows_by_year.cgi?year=2024|title=2024 Class of Fellows of the AMS|publisher=American Mathematical Society|accessdate=8 November 2023}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.vmetv.com/generacion-stem-episodio-5 VME TV, na Spanish] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tr3Mw4M1vMY Camacho na-akparịta mgbakọ na mwepụ etinyere na nsogbu ụwa n'ezie] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fvu388UnmM LATMATH: Ịmepụta Ọnwụ na Nnapụta Photoreceptor] {{DEFAULTSORT:Camacho, Erika}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gfd3q30lhyeffuavgnijazkt6yx5oyt Dek Ngor 0 55427 741488 212655 2026-10-24T04:28:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741488 wikitext text/x-wiki   Dek Ngor nke nke a dị ka ( (Dek Ngor Lapena) , Dek-ngor, Dek Ngoo, Agira) bụ ofe omenala Ugandan nke a na-eme site na Lapena (peas) ma ọ sitere na Northern Uganda n'etiti ndị Acholi .  [1][2] A na-eri ya na mpaghara Lango na West Nile nke Uganda.<ref name=":0" /> == Ihe ndị e ji mee ya == === Ihe ndị dị mkpa e ji mee ya === * Lapena (Pigeon peas aka Yellow split peas) <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Nkwonta|first=Chikere G.|date=2023|title=Underutilised food crops for improving food security and nutrition health in Nigeria and Uganda—a review|journal=Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems|volume=7|doi=10.3389/fsufs.2023.1126020|issn=2571-581X}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNkwontaAumaGong2023">Nkwonta, Chikere G.; Auma, Carolyn I.; Gong, Yunyun (2023). [[doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1126020|"Underutilised food crops for improving food security and nutrition health in Nigeria and Uganda—a review"]]. ''Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems''. '''7'''. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1126020|10.3389/fsufs.2023.1126020]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2571-581X 2571-581X].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What to eat Uganda? culinary specialties and gastronomy|url=https://www.petitfute.co.uk/p195-ouganda/gastronomie/|accessdate=2024-02-20|work=www.petitfute.co.uk}}</ref> * Odi (Sim sim paste ma ọ bụ Peanut butter) * [[Ńnú|Nri nnu]] === Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-ahọrọ === * Moo Yaa (Shea Butter) aka (Moo Yao, moya<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Okema|first=David|date=2023-09-18|title=The Green Gold of Acholi: Locals form cooperatives to conserve the "Wonder Shea Tree"|url=https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/09/18/the-green-gold-of-acholi-locals-form-cooperatives-to-conserve-the-wonder-shea-tree/|accessdate=2024-02-20|work=Daily Express|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> * Magadi (oké nnu aka Sodium bicarbonate) == Nkwadebe == A na-etinye Lapena (peas check nkụ) na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ruo minit 20. A na- na-echeta n'ime mmiri, e nwere ike iso nkụ ruo ihe dị ka mkpa iri.  A na-egweri lapena a mịrịamị iji kewaa abụọ.  Mgbe a na-egwere ya, a na-eme winnowing iji ịhụ peas.[1]  A ise iji ahịhịa ndị na-acha odo odo nke kewara ekewa mee ihe iji ịhụnanya ịcha ahịhịa na ịcha ahụhịa. Mgbe ha nwesịrị mmetụta, a na-esi ndị njem ahụ kewara ekewa n'ime mmiri ruo mgbe ha ga-adị nro.  N'oge a na-esi ya, a na- ike Magadi ma ọ bụ nwere ike ụzọ ya iji mee ka isi ya dị ngwa.  A na-eji Ogwec (mkpịsị ugodi) eme ihe iji kpalie ma gwakọta iji ruo mgbe ha ga-aghọ ihe siri ike.  A na- nnu ahụ na ihe siri ike na-acha creme.  A na-agwakọta ihe na-atọ ụtọ na simsim tapawa ma ọ bụ ahụekere butter (iji nwelite, chọrọ na nke ihe ahụ).  Enwere ike nsogbu Moo-yaa mana ọ bụ nhọrọ.[1]  A na-akpọ ofe a na-ahụ Dek-ngor . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-14|title=Dek-ngor, traditional sauce that also works as food on its own|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/dek-ngor-traditional-sauce-that-also-works-as-food-on-its-own-1515754|accessdate=2024-02-20|work=Monitor|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260902004204/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/dek-ngor-traditional-sauce-that-also-works-as-food-on-its-own-1515754|archive-date=2026-09-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ịrụ ọrụ == A na-ejere Dek Ngor ozi n'ememe ọdịnala dị ka usoro na , Baziisiisi, nnonu , aha ụmụ ọhụrụ ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ nakwa na ụlọ oriri na nri.  A ga-enye ndị ọngụ ha n'egwú mgbe ha gara n' fim nwa ha ngosi. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> Enwere ike iri Dek ngor na-enweghị nri ọ bụla ọzọ ma ọ bụ enwere ike inye ya na Kwon Kal (achịcha mmiri ara ehi), Layata (poteto na-atọ ụtọ), Ugali, Cassava n'etiti nri ndị ọzọ .<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Lamun|first=Irene|date=2023-03-01|title=Uganda. Acholi Marriage. Not before Sunset.|url=https://www.southworld.net/uganda-acholi-marriage-not-before-sunset/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220132804/https://www.southworld.net/uganda-acholi-marriage-not-before-sunset/|archivedate=2024-02-20|accessdate=2024-02-20|work=South World}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Sombe * [[Eshabwe]] * Malewa * [[Kikomando]] == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zvpuEcD24I&ab_channel=AmunaFoods Nri Amuna: Otu esi eme 'Dek Ngor Lapena' Yellow Split Peas Soup Classic Acholi Recipe na Northern Uganda] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} tf9bty3xmlhmkg2o2lzq1aru3zarvh7 Dhirendranath Datta 0 56449 741491 202641 2026-10-24T04:57:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741491 wikitext text/x-wiki   Dhirendranath Datta (2 Nọvemba 1886 - furu efu 29 Machị 1971) [1] bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ụgbọ mmiri Bengali si East Bengal onye so na 1st Constituent Assembly of Pakistan .  A mara ya nke ọma maka ahia aro Bengali maka mba nke Pakistan na ika.  Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na-enyere ndị nke Bengal na-ekewaghịekewa tupu nkewa India.<ref name="pedia">{{Cite web|author=Salam|first=Muhammad Abdus|title=Datta, Dhirendranath|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Datta,_Dhirendranath|work=Banglapedia|accessdate=26 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703145424/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Datta,_Dhirendranath|archive-date=3 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Datta n'ezinụlọ Aristocrat Kayastha na 2 Nọvemba 1886 na Ramrail, na Brahmanbaria District, <ref name="Prothom">{{Cite news|date=3 November 2007|work=[[Prothom Alo]]|language=bn}}</ref> Bengal Province (na Bangladesh taa). Nna ya Jagabandhu Datta bụ mukhtiyer (onye arịrịọ dị ala) nke mere ka Dhirendranath mara ọrụ iwu site na nwata. Dhirendranath gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Comilla Zilla School na etiti na Ripon College na Calcutta. O mechara gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma nweta akara ugo mmụta n'iwu na Mahadum Calcutta.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ọrụ mmalite == .   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Ya na ọtụtụ ndị Bengal na-arụ ọrụ ike na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ya, Datta guzoro n'ụzọ siri ike mgbe nkewa Bengal nke 1905. Ọ ozi imegide nkewa, na-arụkọ ọnụ na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị nkewa dị ka Surendranath Banerjee na Rabindranath Tagore.  Datta sonyeere Indian National Congress site na Mymensingh District ma bụrụ onye mbụ a na-achọpụta na Bengal Legislative Council na 1937. Ndị ndú Britain nke India jidere ya maka ụgbọ aka na Quit India nke 1942.. Datta megidere ike okike nke Pakistan na nkewa nke India n'ụzọ okpukpe; mana mgbe o doro anya na nkewa Bengal bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na mpaghara obodo ya nke Comilla ga-anọ na steeti ọhụrụ nke ndị Alakụba, ọ họọrọ ịnọgide na East Bengal (n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ndị isi Hindu ndị ọzọ), n'ihi ya, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke kọmitii iwu iji dee usoro iwu nke mba ọhụrụ ahụ tupu nnwere onwe Pakistan. === Oge Pakistan === Datta gara n'ihu na-anya anya ndị omeiwu ya dị ka onye Hindu nke a na-akpọ Pakistan National Congress (a na-enye oche site na kota dị ka ndị si dị).  N'abụ iri abụọ na atọ n'afọ Febụwarị n'afọ 1948 na Ndị Ndị Omeiwu nke Pakistan na Karachi, o kwuru okwu na-akpọ ka e mee Bengali ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime nhọrọ nke Pakistan, [1] n'ihe ga-aghọ ihe ndị obodo ya ga-echeta ya nke ọma. [[Faịlụ:1954_east_bengal_cabinet.jpg|thumb|Datta na kọmitii nke 1954 na-eguzo nke abụọ site n'aka nri]] Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka Minista nke ahụ na Ọdịmma Ọha (East Pakistan) na ụlọ ọrụ Ataur Rahman Khan (1956).  N'ihi njikọ a na-ebo ya na òtù ndị na-eme n'okpuru ala nke Bengali Nationalist, nke a na-eche na ndị otu ya ọgụ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, a akụkọ ya bụ onye na-alụ ọhụrụ aka mba site na EBDO (Elective Bodies Disqualification Order).  Mgbe nke a ọma, ọ na-akwado ụgbọala aka na-ahụ ike mana ọ na-akwado nke mba site n'azụ. == Ogbugbu nke ndị agha Pakistan == N'ihi na Datta ihe na-enupụ isi na-ahụ kwuru na arọ na aka ike na Pakistan, na ọkwa nke Bangladesh Liberation War, ụbọchị atọ mgbe e jidere Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, e ruo jidere Datta n'ibu ya na Comilla na 29 Machị 1971, ma kpọga ya na nwa nwoke, Dilip Kumar Datta, na Moynamoti Cantonment ma ọnụ.  N'ihi nke a, a na-akpọ ya "Shaheed buddhijibi" (onye ezi na-aghọ nko) dị ka ihe omume ama nke elele.<ref name="pedia"/> == Ndụ onwe onye == Datta nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Sanjib na Dilip Kumar Datta . <ref name="dream">{{Cite web|url=http://opinion.bdnews24.com/2016/11/02/dhirendranath-duttaour-dream-maker/|title=Dhirendranath Dutta…our dream maker|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=2 November 2016|accessdate=2 November 2016|author=Ahsan, Syed Badrul|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019013448/https://opinion.bdnews24.com/2016/11/02/dhirendranath-duttaour-dream-maker/}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga ==   == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} ad48opoyi6cbro7vle99gqpt02xk5kv Charlotte Agell 0 57011 741438 720646 2026-10-23T23:24:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlotte Agell''' (amụrụ n'abali asaa nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 1959) bu onye odee mba Amerika amụrụ na Sweden maka ndi ntorobia na ụmụaka ndi bi na [[Mën|Maine]] ugbua. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, ''Shift,'' gosipụtara n'ihu mkpuchi nke Brunswick ''Times Record'' na Ọktoba afọ 2008. Na mgbakwunye na ịrụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ ụmụaka, Charlotte Agell na-akụzikwa na Maine. <ref name="Brogan, Beth">{{Cite news|author=Brogan|first=Beth|title=Local author Agell takes 'long walk in toxic wilderness' with 'Shift'|url=http://charlotteagell.com/shift_btr_article.pdf|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=Times Record|date=17 October 2008|archive-date=23 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323010101/http://www.charlotteagell.com/shift_btr_article.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Agell dekwara ma kọwaa akwụkwọ foto maka ụmụaka. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> == Akụkọ ndụ == === Ndụ mbido === A mụrụ Agell na Norsjö, Sweden, n'abalị asaa nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 1959. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> <ref name="Nelson, Sophie">{{Cite news|author=Nelson|first=Sophie|title=Charlotte Agell|url=http://themainemag.com/people/q-a-a/2242-charlotte-agell.html|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=Maine Magazine|date=May 2013|archive-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014161050/http://themainemag.com/people/q-a-a/2242-charlotte-agell.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ ada onye ọchụnta ego Christer L. Agell na onye na-ese ihe; Margareta "Meta" McDonald. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online" /> Nna nna ya, Hugo K. Segerborg, bụ onye nduzi nke Royal Swedish Academy of Arts . <ref name="Keyes, Bob">{{Cite news|author=Keyes|first=Bob|title=Monumental 'Shift': Charlotte Agell's young-adult novel takes its readers seriously with its imagining of an American run by a controlling, fundamentalist regime.|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-159482425.html|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=Portland Press Herald|date=14 December 2008|page=C.8|archive-date=28 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328134625/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-159482425.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe a jụrụ ya banyere nwata ya, Agell kwuru, "onwere onye na-enye m ihe ọrụ nka mgbe niile." <ref name="Keyes, Bob" /> Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Montreal, Quebec, Canada; mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ; ebe amuru nwanne ya nwoke Karl na nwanne ya Anna. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Carlyle <ref name="Agell, Charlotte (About Page)">{{Cite web|author=Agell|first=Charlotte|title=Charlotte Agell, Author & Illustrator|url=http://www.charlotteagell.com/about.html|work=Charlotte Agell Official Website|accessdate=8 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930232731/http://charlotteagell.com/about.html|archivedate=30 September 2014}}</ref> ebe ọ mụtara Asụsụ Bekee wee gee akụkọ Maine si ndị enyi Anglo-Canadian na Franco-Canadian. <ref name="Nelson, Sophie" /> Maine nwere mmasị na ya n'ihi ya wee dee akụkọ e debere na Halibut, Maine; obodo akụkọ ifo nke o chere onwe ya dị ka onye na-akpa ọchị ya, nwa nwoke na-acha uhie uhie na-egbu azụ maka nri abalị. <ref name="Keyes, Bob" /> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, ezinụlọ Agell si Canada laghachi Sweden (ebe ha nọrọ nwa oge) wee kwaga [[Hong Kong]] . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ Lutheran; Ụlọ akwụkwọ mba ofesi Hong Kong ; <ref name="Agell, Charlotte (About Page)"/> nke o kwuru na ọ jikọtara ya na ụlọ ụka ekumenikal nwere uche mepere emepe. <ref name="Brogan, Beth"/> Dịka nkwekọrịta ya na nne ya, Agell tinyere akwụkwọ na Bowdoin koleji na Brunswick, maka nnabata mbụ. Kama ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ka ya na enyi ya nwoke na-eme njem, ọ hapụrụ Hong Kong wee bịarute Maine n'afọ 1977. Ọ nwere mmetụta nke ụlọ ozugbo wee biri na steeti ahụ kemgbe ahụ. N'icheta akụkọ nwata ya, ọ na-eche ma ọ "ga-edere onwe ya na steeti." <ref name="Nelson, Sophie"/> Agell gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji Bowdoin n'afọ 1981, ebe ọ gụrụ nka <ref name="Keyes, Bob"/> wee nweta nzere bachelọ nke Arts na agụmakwụkwọ. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> O mechara nweta asambodo nkuzi na Mahadum Southern Maine, yana nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ sitere na Ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Harvard n'afọ a Agell ghọrọ nwa amaala United States n'afọ 1990s. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> Agell kụziri mmụta asụsụ multilingual na multicultural n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ Portland dị elu , Portland, ME <ref name="Nelson, Sophie"/> wee biri n'ọtụtụ obodo Maine tupu ya na di ya Peter J. Simmons biri na Brunswick, onye nchịkwa nka na onye ọrụ ubi. Ya na Pita nwere ụmụ abụọ, Anna na Jon. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online">{{Cite journal|title=Charlotte Agell|journal=Contemporary Authors Online|date=2011-09-01}}</ref> Tinyere ọrụ ya dị ka onye odee na onye Ihe atụ, Agell bụ onye nkụzi na mmemme nka asụsụ nwere nkà na nkà n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ etiti Harrison na Yarmouth . <ref name="In the Arts">{{Cite news|author=Keyes|first=Bob|title=In the Arts|work=Portland Press Herald|date=21 March 2004|page=2E}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na ya ahụla "ebo" ya na ndị na-amụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> Ọ mekwara ihe ọmụmụ maka ndị ntorobịa na ndị okenye na mmemme agụmagụ dị iche iche na steeti ahụ, <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online" /> gụnyere Haystack Mountain School of Crafts <ref>{{Cite news|title=Writers alliance plans retreat for September|work=Portland Press Herald|date=31 July 2005|page=E8}}</ref> na Deer Isle. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Maine Writers and Publishers Alliance. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === Ọrụ edemede === '''''Ụkwụ ịgba egwu''''' (1994) bụ akụkọ na-atọ ụtọ gbasara ọrụ ụkwụ, aka, imi, ụkwụ na ọnụ. <ref name="Cooper, Ilene">{{Cite journal|author=Cooper|first=Ilene|title=Dancing Feet|journal=Booklist|date=July 1994|volume=90|issue=21}}</ref> <ref name="McKinstry, Lesley">{{Cite journal|author=McKinstry|first=Lesley|title=Dancing Feet|journal=School Library Journal|date=May 1994|volume=40|issue=5}}</ref> E jikọtara ihe odide ahụ na ihe atụ nke agba mmiri nke na-egosi myirịta na ndịiche nke ndị si n'agbụrụ dị iche iche na-egosipụta mmasị Agell nwere n'agụmakwụkwọ omenala dị iche iche. <ref name="Cooper, Ilene" /> <ref name="McKinstry, Lesley" /> <ref name="Publishers Weekly">{{Cite journal|title=Dancing Feet|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=28 March 1994|volume=241|issue=13}}</ref> Otu onye nlegharị anya chọpụtara na eserese ndị a sitere na "ihe a na-atụ aro ka ọ dị mfe na-emebiga ihe ókè." <ref name="Publishers Weekly" /> Otú ọ dị, ndị nyocha ndị ọzọ hụrụ akwụkwọ ahụ na-atọ ụtọ ịgụ na nhọrọ dị mma maka oge akụkọ. <ref name="Cooper, Ilene" /> Akwadoro maka afọ atọ rue asaa. <ref name="Publishers Weekly" /> '''''Na Island''''' (1999) na '''''Up the Mountain''''' (2000) nwere ndị enyi anọ: Dragọn, Nwamba, Ọkụkọ na oke bekee na-anọkọ ọnụ na-enyocha gburugburu ha. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> <ref name="Sherif, Sue">{{Cite journal|author=Sherif|first=Sue|title=Up the Mountain (Book Review)|journal=School Library Journal|date=May 2000|volume=46|issue=5}}</ref> Na ''To the Island'', akwadoro maka afọ atọ rue n'afọ ise, ndị enyi anọ ahụ na-eme njem gaa agwaetiti dị nso maka piknik. Donna Gold nke nta akụkọ Portland Herald kọwara akụkọ ahụ dị ka "ọ bụghị onye nzuzu ma ọ bụ nke siri ike," <ref name="Gold, Donna">{{Cite news|author=Gold|first=Donna|title=Hello, Young reader. The best children's books written and illustrated by Mainers are wonders to read--and behold.|work=Portland Press Herald|date=13 December 1998|page=6E}}</ref> nwere ederede dabara adaba maka mmalite ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na ihe atụ nke, site n'iji agba agba agba, na-egosipụta oge obi ụtọ ya na ndị enyi nọrọ. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online" /> <ref name="Gold, Donna" /> <ref name="Zvirin, Stephanie">{{Cite journal|author=Zvirin|first=Stephanie|title=To the Island|journal=Booklist|date=1 November 1998|volume=95|issue=5}}</ref> N'Agell's ''Up the Mountain'', ha anọ gawara n'ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo iji rịgoro ugwu. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> <ref>{{Cite news|title=New Books of Maine|work=Portland Press Herald|date=27 February 2000|page=10E}}</ref> The njem bụ, kọrọ, "dị nwayọọ n'ihi na ụmụaka na elu ọgwụgwụ nke lekwasịrị ege ntị" <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Forecasts: Children's Books|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=13 March 2000|volume=247|issue=11}}</ref> (ndị anọ dị nnọọ isi na-eje ije n'elu ugwu na azụ), ma reviews na-ekweta na ukwe mfe na ihe atụ, ebuga na uri, agwa-mmiri na pastels, bụ adabara na-eto eto na-ege ntị. <ref name="Sherif, Sue"/> <ref name="Rosenfeld, Shelle">{{Cite journal|author=Rosenfeld|first=Shelle|title=Up the Mountain|journal=Booklist|date=15 May 2000|volume=96|issue=18}}</ref> Afọ abụọ rue n'afọ ise akwadoro. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Up the Mountain|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=13 March 2000|volume=247|issue=11}}</ref> '''''Nabata Ụlọ ma ọ bụ Ebe Dị Ka Ya''''' (2003), akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụta mbụ nke Agell, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Signings, etc. - Charlotte Agell|work=Portland Press Herald|date=2 November 2003|page=14E}}</ref> bụ akụkọ gbasara onwe ya <ref name="Macmillan Publishers"/> nke akọwara site na ahụmịhe nke Aggie Wing dị afọ iri na atọ. Aggie na nwanne ya nwoke, Thorne, na-eche ihu ịmụta ịnagide ndụ na Ludwig, Maine mgbe nne ha, onye edemede ịhụnanya tụpụrụ ebe ahụ, onye hapụrụ ime nyocha na Niagara Falls. Ụmụaka abụọ ahụ akwagawo nke ukwuu, ha aghaghịkwa ịmụta ugbu a ka ha na nna nna ha dị afọ iri iteghete na otu biri. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=Kirkus Reviews|date=October 2003}}</ref> <ref name="Phelan03">{{Cite journal|author=Phelan|first=Carolyn|title=Agell, Charlotte. Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=Booklist|date=15 November 2003|volume=100|issue=6}}</ref> Isiokwu ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere agbahapụ, <ref name="Roback, Diane" /> obi ike, <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> obodo, <ref name="Phelan03" /> ezinụlọ <ref name="Geskus, Elsa" /> na nchọpụta nke ụlọ. <ref name="Phelan03" /> Elsa Geskus, na ''Education Childhood'', na-akọwa akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ọbịbịa nke akụkọ afọ <ref name="Geskus, Elsa">{{Cite journal|author=Geskus|first=Elsa|title=Review of Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=Childhood Education|date=22 March 2004}}</ref> na Barbara Auerbach na-akọ na ''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Library Journal'', akwụkwọ ahụ nwere "ihe odide siri ike ma na-emeri; ọmarịcha pacing; na ume ume, ọnọdụ enweghị mmasị." <ref name="Auerbach, Barbara">{{Cite journal|author=Auerbach|first=Barbara|title=Agell, Charlotte. Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=School Library Journal|date=November 2003|volume=49|issue=11}}</ref> ''Nnabata n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ ebe dị ka a tụlere ya'' na ''oge Canning'' nke Polly Horvath . <ref name="Roback, Diane">{{Cite journal|author=Roback|first=Diane|title=Welcome Home or Someplace Like It|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=24 November 2003|volume=250|issue=47}}</ref> Akwadoro maka afọ iri na abụọ na karịa. <ref name="Geskus, Elsa" /> Agell's dystopian <ref name="Keyes, Bob"/> <ref name="Kirkus Reviews: Shift">{{Cite journal|title=Agell, Charlotte: SHIFT|journal=Kirkus Reviews|date=1 August 2008}}</ref> akwụkwọ, '''''Shift''''' (2008), na-ewere ụda nkweta na-agba ọchịchịrị karịa akwụkwọ ndị gara aga, <ref name="Brogan, Beth"/> <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> <ref name="Macmillan Publishers"/> nke e dere na nsonazụ nke mwakpo na World Trade Center na Pentagon nke mere na mba United States n'ọnwa [[Mwakpo September 11|Septemba 11, 2001]] . <ref name="Keyes, Bob" /> <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> Agell nwere mmetụta iwe na nzaghachi gọọmentị US na ihe omume ndị ahụ. "Nke a ọ bụ n'ezie obodo m na-atụ bọmbụ n'ụzọ udo? Na-ebugharị ụmụ amaala ya iji chebe nnwere onwe ha?" O dere na N'ajụjụ ọnụ maka Macmillan Publishers, "Dịka onye họọrọ ịbụ nwa amaala America na nzube, dị ka onye toro eto, enwere m mmetụta nke ịrara onwe ya nye. Ọchịchị na-atụ egwu ejidela obodo m: nke anyị. Ihe niile nwere àgwà nnwere onwe banyere ya. " <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> Agell weputara iwe ya n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, na-enyocha isiokwu ndị dị ka nnwere onwe onwe onye, <ref name="Macmillan Publishers">{{Cite web|title=Charlotte Agell|url=http://us.macmillan.com/author/charlotteagell|publisher=Macmillan Publishers|accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref> njikwa ọchịchị, <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> <ref name="Kirkus Reviews: Shift"/> <ref name="Cole, Aimee (Shift)">{{Cite journal|author=Cole|first=Aimee|title=Agell, Charlotte. Shift.|journal=Kliatt|date=September 2008|volume=42|issue=5}}</ref> nkewa nke ụka na steeti, <ref name="Brogan, Beth"/> <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online" /> okpukperechi, <ref name="Brogan, Beth" /> <ref name="Cooper, Ilene (Shift)">{{Cite journal|author=Cooper|first=Ilene|title=Shift|journal=Booklist|date=15 October 2008|volume=105|issue=4}}</ref> sayensị <ref name="Kirkus Reviews: Shift" /> na evolushọn, <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> na njirimara, <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> dị ka ahụmahụ nke afọ iri na ise [15] [2] [5] <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online" /> okpukpere chi Shriek, ga-esi n'ụzọ ụfọdụ mee uche site na ụwa nke "na-apụ n'anya." <ref name="Kirkus Reviews: Shift" /> Ụwa ha na-agafe na ''Shift'' bụ akụkụ nke United States Christian United States <ref name="Lewis, Johanna">{{Cite journal|author=Lewis|first=Johanna|title=Agell, Charlotte. Shift.|journal=School Library Journal|date=January 2009|volume=55|issue=1}}</ref> nke ndị ọrụ Homestate na-achịkwa, <ref name="Brogan, Beth" /> <ref name="Cole, Aimee (Shift)" /> nwere ihe yiri ya na ''1984'' ( George Orwell ),Nkwụsi ike ( Stephen King ) na ''The Road'' ( Cormac McCarthy ). <ref name="Brogan, Beth" /> Agell na-ele ''Shift'' anya dị ka akụkọ ịdọ aka ná ntị. <ref name="Brogan, Beth"/> Ndị na-enyocha akwụkwọ na-achọpụta na akwụkwọ ahụ na-eche echiche ma na-agụ ya <ref name="Kirkus Reviews: Shift"/> maka ndị na-eto eto na-ege ntị e bu n'obi, <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online"/> ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-achọpụta na atụmatụ ahụ na-agbagwoju anya <ref name="Kirkus Reviews: Shift" /> <ref name="Cooper, Ilene (Shift)"/> <ref name="Lewis, Johanna"/> ma na-ese okwu na isiokwu ndị yiri ka ọ na-emegide Kraịst. <ref name="Contemporary Authors Online" /> <ref name="Cooper, Ilene (Shift)" /> Agell ekwetaghị n'echiche a, na-ekwu site n'àgwà ya Lenore, "Chineke chọrọ ka anyị chee echiche." <ref name="Brogan, Beth" /> <ref name="Macmillan Publishers"/> Agell hụrụ na ọ dị ịtụnanya na, n'ime akwụkwọ na na ndụ n'ezie, echiche a na-akpalite esemokwu. <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> Agell chọrọ ka ndị na-agụ ya mụta ịjụ "gịnị ma ọ bụrụ" ma zụlite nkà ha ga-eche n'onwe ha, n'agbanyeghị njikọ okpukpe ha. <ref name="Brogan, Beth" /> <ref name="Macmillan Publishers" /> Na Machị 2011, Al Miller na-emegharị ''Shift'' maka ogbo wee rụọ ọrụ dịka akụkụ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Tieta projectị( Mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto), na Brunswick, ME. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Art and Theater: Listings|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2011/03/17/art-and-theater_2011-03-17/|accessdate=10 September 2014|work=Portland Press Herald|date=17 March 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Cast & Crew|url=http://www.castandcrew.org/issue_pdfs/Cast_and_Crew_Feb_2011.pdf|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020222709/http://www.castandcrew.org/issue_pdfs/Cast_and_Crew_Feb_2011.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Agell's '''''The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister''''' (2010) gbadoro anya na ndụ kwa ụbọchị nke nwa agbọghọ klas nke anọ, India McAllister, tolitere na obere obodo dị na Maine. <ref name="Kirkus Reviews">{{Cite journal|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister by Charlotte Agell|journal=Kirkus Reviews|date=22 July 2010}}</ref> Isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere nkuchi, <ref name="Phelan10">{{Cite journal|author=Phelan|first=Carolyn|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister by Charlotte Agell|journal=Booklist|date=July 2010|pages=55–56}}</ref> <ref name="Kirkus Reviews" /> enyi, <ref name="Phelan10" /> ọrịa kansa ara, <ref name="Phelan03"/> <ref name="Johnston, Charlotte M.">{{Cite journal|author=Johnston|first=Charlotte M.|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister|journal=School Library Journal|date=July 2010|volume=56|issue=7}}</ref> nwoke idina nwoke <ref name="Phelan10" /> <ref name="Kirkus Reviews" /> <ref name="Johnston, Charlotte M." /> na ịgba alụkwaghịm <ref name="Phelan03" /> <ref name="Johnston, Charlotte M." /> bụ ndị jikọtara n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ihe na-emekarị na ndụ nwata nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister|journal=Publishers Weekly|date=19 July 2010|volume=257|issue=28}}</ref> Ederede a na eserese ahịrị India (Agell). <ref name="Kirkus Reviews" /> Otu onye nlegharị anya katọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ihe gbagwojuru anya nke ukwuu, na-ahapụghị ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị India zutere n'akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref name="Johnston, Charlotte M." /> Akwadoro maka ụmụaka dị afọ asatọ rue na iri na otu, Njem ihe mberede nke India McAllister bụ onye aha ya bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ GLBTQ iri kacha elu maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto site n'afọ 2011 Rainbow Project nke Amerikan Library Association . <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Accidental Adventures of India McAllister by Charlotte Agell|journal=Gay Parent Magazine|date=March–April 2011|pages=17–18}}</ref> == Ndepụta akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị okenye na-eto eto === * ''Mgbanwe''  * ''Nnọọ n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ ebe dị ka ya''  * ''Ihe omume mberede nke India McAllister''  ** Aha ya bụ American Library Association Akwụkwọ Ndepụta <ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Rainbow Book List|url=https://glbtrt.ala.org/rainbowbooks/archives/852|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=Rainbow Book List|language=en-US}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ nke isi === * ''Ihe omume mberede nke India McAllister''  ** Aha ya bụ American Library Association Akwụkwọ Ndepụta <ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Rainbow Book List|url=https://glbtrt.ala.org/rainbowbooks/archives/852|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=Rainbow Book List|language=en-US}}</ref> == Okwu na ihe ngosi ndị ahọpụtara == * ''Gwa m Akụkọ: Banyere Maine'', Atrium Art Gallery, Mahadum Southern Maine Lewiston-Auburn Campus, Lewiston, ME (2013) <ref>{{Cite news|title="Tell Me a Story: About Maine" art show opens July 26 at USM LAC|work=Sun Journal|date=19 July 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Atrium exhibit: Illustrators' works are a delight to the eye and imagination|work=Sun Journal|date=17 August 2013}}</ref> * ''The Great Bangor Draw-Off'', Bangor Book Festival, Bangor Public Library Lecture Hall, Bangor, ME (2011) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sarnacki|first=Aislinn|title=Book festival to bring 35 authors to Bangor.|url=http://bangordailynews.com/2011/09/25/living/book-festival-to-bring-35-authors-to-downtown-bangor/|accessdate=5 September 2014|work=Bangor Daily News|date=26 September 2011|page=6}}</ref> * Ememme Maine nke Akwụkwọ, Mahadum Southern Maine, Portland, ME <ref name="Kamila, Avery Yale">{{Cite news|author=Kamila|first=Avery Yale|title=Get under the covers: The Maine Festival of the Book invites you to discover what really goes into the craft of writing|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2011/03/31/get-under-the-covers_2011-03-31/|accessdate=5 September 2014|work=Portland Press Herald|date=21 March 2011|page=E.31}}</ref> * Maine Writers and Publishers Alliance Holiday Book Sale, Rines Auditorium, Portland Public Library, Portland, ME (2010) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Keyes|first=Bob|title=Arts Dispatches|work=Portland Press Herald|date=21 November 2010|page=D2}}</ref> * ''Ememme ụmụaka nke Martin Luther King Jr'', Bowdoin College Library, Brunswick, ME (2009) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|title=Children's celebration of Martin Luther King Jr. Jan. 19|work=Sun Journal|date=8 January 2009|page=C13}}</ref> (2010) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Anonymous|title=College will celebrate King with children|work=Sun Journal|date=6 January 2010}}</ref> (2012) <ref>{{Cite news|title=College, children's authors to celebrate Dr. King|work=Sun Journal|date=4 January 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Thibodeau|first=Aimee|title=Things to Do, Monday Jan 16: Literature|work=Bangor Daily News|date=14 January 2012}}</ref> * ''Fall Writing Retreat (Nkụzi)'', Haystack Mountain School of Crafts, Deer Isle, ME (2005) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Writers alliance plans retreat for September|work=Portland Press Herald|date=31 July 2005|page=B5}}</ref> (2006) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Briefly|work=Sun Journal|date=6 September 2006|page=B5}}</ref> * ''Akwụkwọ & Blooms'', Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens, Boothbay, ME (2005) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bouchard|first=Stephanie|title=Authors top Books & Blooms guest list|work=Portland Press Herald|date=24 July 2005|page=E8}}</ref> * ''Ememe akwụkwọ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ'', ememe oyi na ịgụ akwụkwọ, Pineland Farms, New Gloucester, ME (2005) <ref name="Livingstone, Paul">{{Cite news|author=Livingstone|first=Paul|title=Festival at Pineland celebrates winter, encourages reading|work=Portland Press Herald|date=3 February 2005|page=F2}}</ref> * ''Blueberries na Moose: Ememme nke akwụkwọ ụmụaka Maine'', Portland Public Market, Portland, ME (2004) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Routhier|first=Ray|title=Nothing small about festival of Maine literature for small fry|work=Portland Press Herald|date=6 May 2004|page=13D}}</ref> * ''Okwu onye edemede-ihe ngosi'', nke Yarmouth Arts kwadoro, Yarmouth, ME (2004) <ref name="In the Arts"/> * ''Ememme Nkà Ezinụlọ'', Brunswick, ME (2001) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Gold|first=Donna|title=Family Arts|work=Portland Press Herald|page=28V}}</ref> * ''Barbara Cooney Festival of Children's Illustration'', Round Top Center for Arts, Skidompha Public Library, Damariscotta, ME (1999) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Dispatches|work=Portland Press Herald|date=7 August 1999|page=2B}}</ref> * ''Ihe ngosi okirikiri zuru oke nke oge okpomọkụ'', Union, ME (1997) <ref>{{Cite news|title=WERU fills two-day celebration with music, drumming, dancing|work=Portland Press Herald|date=17 July 1997|page=13D}}</ref> * ''South Freeport Congregational Church Summer Festival'', Freeport, ME (1996) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Church summer festival is everything it should be|work=Portland Press Herald|date=14 August 1996|page=8.G}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Agell, Charlotte}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q2g1d0z8vfz8la3llcm0ntqd7j93d10 Edmund Goodwin 0 57443 741493 202576 2026-10-24T07:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741493 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Edmund Evans Greaves Goodwin''' (24 Ọgọst1844 - 3 Jenuwari 1925 <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=19 November 1935|title=Edmund Goodwin: Musician, Author, Linguist|work=Mona's Herald|url=https://www.imuseum.im/Olive/APA/IsleofMan/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=MNH%2F1935%2F11%2F19&id=Ar00904&sk=EA2E48D6&viewMode=image|accessdate=20 July 2020}}</ref>) bụ ọkà mmụta asụsụ Manx, ọkà mmụta asụsụ, na onye nkụzi. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya First Lessons na Manx nke o dere iji soro klaasị ọ kụziri na Peel. {{Infobox person|name=Edmund Goodwin|image=|birth_date=24 August 1844|birth_place=Peel, Isle of Man|death_date=3 January 1925|death_place=Peel, Isle of Man|nationality=Manx|occupation=Music teacher, Manx language teacher|organisation=[[Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh]]|notable_works=First Lessons in Manx}} == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Goodwin na 24 Ọgọstụ 1844 na Castle Street, <ref name=":3"/> Peel nke onye England George Goodwin na nwunye ya Manx Alice Morrison. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Goodwin|first=Edmund|title=First Lessons in Manx|publisher=Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh|year=1997|isbn=1-870029-03-8|edition=Revised|location=Douglas}}</ref> N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Goodwin butere ọrịa nke mere ka ọ ghara ịga ije, ọ bụkwa onye nwere nkwarụ n'oge ndụ ya niile.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Weyde|first=Bernadette|date=27 March 2015|title=Edmund Goodwin|url=http://asmanxasthehills.com/edmund-goodwin-manx-scholar-linguist/|accessdate=16 July 2020|work=As Manx as the Hills|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716142351/http://asmanxasthehills.com/edmund-goodwin-manx-scholar-linguist/|archive-date=16 July 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị nkwarụ ya, ọ na-agbasi mbọ ike n'egwú ma nyere aka ịkwado onwe ya site n'ịkụzi abụ na piano nye ụmụ akwụkwọ egwú Peel na gburugburu ya.<ref name=":0" /> Otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya a ma ama bụ Sophie Morrison, Onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị Manx, onye na'anakọta akụkọ ọdịnala na onye edemede. N'okpuru agụmakwụkwọ Goodwin, ọ natara nsọpụrụ site na Trinity College of Music, Morrison bụ onye mbụ n'àgwàetiti ahụ gafere ule kọleji egwu. Ọbụna mgbe ọ bụ onye ntorobịa, a maara Goodwin maka ikike ya maka ịmụ asụsụ:<blockquote>At the age of twelve I picked up my first knowledge of German and [[Asụsụ French|French]] from old books which had belonged to my father. My first inducement to learn Latin and Italian was to be able to understand the words of Mozart’s Masses and Italian opera ''libretti''.<ref name=":1"/></blockquote>N'ime ndụ ya niile, Goodwin ga-aga n'ihu na-enwe "ezigbo ihe ọmụma na-arụ ọrụ" nke asụsụ iri na isii ma nwee ike ịgụ ihe n'ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 1925|title=Death of a Manx Scholar|work=Isle of Man Examiner|url=https://www.imuseum.im/Olive/APA/IsleofMan/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=IME%2F1925%2F01%2F09&id=Ar01019&sk=3A2BD0B9&viewMode=image|accessdate=20 July 2020}}</ref> == Olumba Anglo-Manx == Goodwin nwere mmasị n'asụsụ Bekee a na-asụ na Isle of Man, nke asụsụ Manx na-emetụta nke ukwuu. O nyere aka na ide A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect site na imekọ ihe ọnụ na A.W. Moore na Sophia Morrison. Enyemaka ya bụ n'ihe gbasara phonology na "itinye ụda ụda na okwu".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Moore|first=A.W.|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/am1924/intro.htm|title=A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1924|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> O depụtakwara okwu ndị ahụ n'usoro mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, gbakwunye ụfọdụ aro nke ya, ma kwadebe ọrụ ahụ maka ndị nta akụkọ. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ na 1924 mgbe Moore nwụsịrị na 1909 na Morrison na 1917. == Asụsụ Manx == Mgbe Manx dara ada dị ka asụsụ obodo n’agwaetiti mmadụ n’ime narị afọ nke 19, a maliteghachiri mmasị n’asụsụ ahụ, karịsịa n’etiti ndị nwoke gụrụ akwụkwọ n’obodo Peel, bụ́ ebe a ka na-anụkarị Manx nke ndị ọkụ azụ̀ na-asụ. Goodwin malitere ịmụ Manx n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1893 ma ọ bụ ezie na ọrịa ya mere ka ọ nọrọ n'àkwà ya n'ọtụtụ oge nke ndụ ya, ọ ka na-amụ ụtọ asụsụ Manx na okwu n'ụzọ zuru ezu site n'enyemaka nke "akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na Akwụkwọ Nsọ".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Clague|first=Dr John|title=Cooinaghtyn Manninagh: Manx Reminiscences|publisher=Chiollagh Books|year=2005|isbn=1-898613-18-4|location=Onchan|pages=v}}</ref> Goodwin malitere ikuzi Manx na Peel, ebe edere mbipute izizi nke nkuzi izizi na Manx "maka iji bọọdụ".<ref name=":0"/> Ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama na Mweghachi asụsụ Manx dịka J. J. Kneen na Dr. John Clague, Goodwin bụ onye guzobere Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh na 1899. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=3 January 1914|title=The Origin of the Manx Language Society|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/publshrs/yncg.htm|accessdate=2020-07-16|work=A Manx Notebook|publisher=Reprinted from the 'Isle of Man Examiner'}}</ref> A.W. Moore, onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Manx na onye isi oche mbụ nke Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh, emetụtaghị naanị ichekwa na nkwalite asụsụ Manx, kamakwa n'ihe niile metụtara omenala Manx: <blockquote>Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpọ ya Manx Language Society, ekwesighi, echere m, ma ọlị na ọ gaghị ejedebe ike ya na ịkwalite mmasị n'asụsụ ahụ, kama ọ gbasaa ha na ọmụmụ nke Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Manx, nchịkọta nke Egwú Manx, ballads, carols, akụkọ ọdịnala, ilu, aha ebe, gụnyere aha ochie ndị na-anwụ ngwa ngwa n'otu okwu, na nchekwa nke ihe niile nke Manx bụ, na, karịa ihe niile, ịzụlite mmụọ mba.<ref name=":2"/></blockquote>N'afọ 1901, e bipụtara nkuzi mbụ ya na Manx n'okpuru aha Manx ''Lessoonyn ayns Çhengey ny Mayrey Ellan Vannin'' (" nkuzi n'asụsụ nne nke Isle of Man") iji nyere obere ma na-eto eto nke ndị na-amụ asụsụ Manx aka. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ n'usoro n'''Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mona'' Mona's Herald ma ụmụ akwụkwọ Manx ka na-eji ya eme ihe na Isle of Man taa.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=29 January 1935|title=The Herald's Manx Lesson|work=Mona's Herald|url=https://www.imuseum.im/Olive/APA/IsleofMan/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=MNH%2F1935%2F01%2F29&id=Ar00412&sk=8D0318A3&viewMode=image|accessdate=20 July 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara == * 1901 - ''Lessoonyn ayns Çhengey ny Mayrey Ellan Vannin'' * 1924 - ''A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect'' (with Sophia Morrison and A.W. Moore) == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}  ktghms7ku47hj11usnqa4b6s30j2k4w Cyriaque Samba-Panza 0 59477 741480 720772 2026-10-24T02:34:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Cyriaque Samba-Panza|image=|image_size=|caption=|office=First Gentleman of the<br>[[Central African Republic]]|term_start=23 January 2014|term_end=30 March 2016|predecessor=[[Chantal Djotodia]]|successor=[[Brigitte Touadéra]]<br>[[Tina Touadéra]]|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|party=|spouse={{marriage|[[Catherine Samba-Panza]]|1998}}|children=|relations=|signature=}} '''Cyriaque Samba-Panza''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Central Africa, onye ọrụ ọha na onye nnọchi anya mba ụwa. Samba-Panza ejidela ọtụtụ ọkwa minista na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge ọrụ ya, ọkachasị n'okpuru onye isi ala mbụ André Kolingba na François Bozizé . <ref name="ja">{{Cite news|first=Vincent|author=Duhem|title=Centrafrique: 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/166118/politique/centrafrique-5-choses-savoir-sur-catherine-samba-panza-la-nouvelle-pr-sidente-de-transition/|work=[[Jeune Afrique]]|publisher=|date=2014-01-20|accessdate=2025-01-16}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDuhem2014">Duhem, Vincent (2014-01-20). [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/166118/politique/centrafrique-5-choses-savoir-sur-catherine-samba-panza-la-nouvelle-pr-sidente-de-transition/ "Centrafrique: 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition"]. ''[[Jeune Afrique]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230107083912/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/166118/politique/centrafrique-5-choses-savoir-sur-catherine-samba-panza-la-nouvelle-pr-sidente-de-transition/ Archived] from the original on 2023-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> ''Jeune Afrique'' kọwara ya dị ka onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ama ama n'ime obodo ahụ. <ref name="ja" /> Samba-Panza, di nke onye isi ala mbụ Catherine Samba-Panza, rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye mbụ Gentleman nke [[Central African Republic]] n'oge ọchịchị ya site na 2014 ruo 2016. == Akụkọ ndụ == Samba-Panza nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ọha, ọkachasị onye bụbu Prime Minister Central Africa Jean-Pierre Lebouder na Enoch Derant Lakoué . <ref name="cnc">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=RCA: qui est Catherine Samba-Panza? Jeunesse, études, carrière et entrée en politique|url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/rca-qui-est-catherine-samba-panza-jeunesse-etudes-carriere-et-entree-en-politique/|work=[[Corbeau News Centrafrique]]|publisher=|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2025-01-16}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/rca-qui-est-catherine-samba-panza-jeunesse-etudes-carriere-et-entree-en-politique/ "RCA: qui est Catherine Samba-Panza? Jeunesse, études, carrière et entrée en politique"]. ''[[Corbeau News Centrafrique]]''. 2020-06-25. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240229062050/https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/rca-qui-est-catherine-samba-panza-jeunesse-etudes-carriere-et-entree-en-politique/ Archived] from the original on 2024-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="cd">{{Cite news|first=Gaston|author=Madenga|title=Centrafrique: Biographie de Catherine Samba-Panza|url=https://www.centrafriqueledefi.com/pages/biographies-histoire/centrafrique-2.html|work=Centrafrique le défi|publisher=|date=2020-06-25|accessdate=2025-01-16|archive-date=2024-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722020221/https://www.centrafriqueledefi.com/pages/biographies-histoire/centrafrique-2.html|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMadenga2020">Madenga, Gaston (2020-06-25). . ''Centrafrique le défi''. Archived from on 2024-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ozi gọọmentị ọtụtụ oge, ọkachasị n'ime gọọmentị André Kolingba na François Bozizé. <ref name="ja"/> N'afọ 1987, a họpụtara Samba-Panza dịka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka atụmatụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na mmekorita mba ụwa. <ref name="cnc" /> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye isi ndị ọrụ Prime Minister Enoch Derant Lakoué site na February 1993 ruo Ọktoba 1993. <ref name="cnc" /> Ọ bụ osote onye minista na-ahụ maka atụmatụ akụ na ụba n'okpuru Onye isi ala André Kolingba na onye minista nke ịzụ ahịa n'okpuru Onye isi ala François Bozizé ruo mgbe a chụpụrụ ya n'oge agha obodo Central African Republic . <ref name="ai">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=Central African Republic: Ex-president Catherine Samba-Panza eyes return to top job|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2020/07/13/ex-president-catherine-samba-panza-eyes-return-to-top-job,109243646-art|work=[[African Intelligence]]|publisher=|date=2020-07-13|accessdate=2025-01-16}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Cyriaque Samba-Panza nwere ọnọdụ osote onye isi oche nke Social Democratic Party (PSD). <ref name="cnc" /> Na 1998, ọ lụrụ Catherine Samba-Panza, onye mechara bụrụ Onye isi ala Central African Republic na 2014. <ref name="cnc"/> <ref name="cd"/> Ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa onye Gentleman mbụ na akụkọ obodo site na 2014 ruo 2016. Cyriaque Samba-Panza lara ezumike nká na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, dịka nke 2023. <ref name="avm">{{Cite news|first=|author=|title=100 Most Influential African Women 2023: Catherine Samba-Panza|url=https://100women.avancemedia.org/catherinesambapanza/|work=[[AvanceMedia]]|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2025-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126161642/https://100women.avancemedia.org/catherinesambapanza/|archive-date=2024-11-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2yj4z1whemdzhuj4fwn7a4csiyckz1c Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba 0 59995 741426 538967 2026-10-23T19:22:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Northern Cape MEC for DSAC Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba.png|thumb|Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba]] {{Infobox officeholder|children=6 May 2009}} '''Bongiwe Mbnqo-Gigaba''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa. Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke kọmitii Pọtụfoliyo na agụmakwụkwọ Basic na National Assembly nke South Africa na onye bụbu onye omeiwu na-anọchite anya African National Congress . Tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ na nzuko omeiwu, ọ bụ onye otu Council Executive (MEC) na gọọmentị mpaghara ugwu Cape . == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na ntuli aka ime obodo n'afọ 2009, a họpụtara Mbnqo-Gigaba ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu nke Northern Cape Provincial Legislature dịka onye nnọchite anya African National Congress . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Northern Cape MPLs elected April 22|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/search-results/northern-cape-mpls-elected-april-22|work=Politicsweb|accessdate=16 October 2020}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ maka oge nke abụọ na Mee 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2014 elections: Members of Northern Cape legislature|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/about/2014-elections-members-of-northern-cape-legislatur|work=Politicsweb|accessdate=16 October 2020}}</ref> Na 1 March 2016, onye isi ala [[Sylvia Lucas]] họpụtara ya dị ka onye òtù nke Executive Council (MEC) maka mpaghara mpaghara egwuregwu, Arts na Culture, na-esote Lebogang Motlhaping . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mere|first=Boipelo|title=NC council reshuffled|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/Local/Express-News/nc-council-reshuffled-20160301|accessdate=16 October 2020|date=2 March 2016}}</ref> O jidere ọnọdụ a ruo 10 May 2017, mgbe Lucas kpaliri ya na Pọtụfoliyo ọrụ ọha. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mthukwane|first=Ntozakhe|title=Urgent reshuffle in Northern Cape cabinet|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/urgent-cabinet-reshuffle-in-northern-cape-cabinet-20170510|accessdate=16 October 2020|work=News24|date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Na 1 June 2017, Lucas gbanwere mkpebi ya na Mbnqo-Gigaba laghachiri dị ka MEC maka Egwuregwu, Arts na Culture. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Makhafola|first=Gertrude|title=Sylvia Lucas to rescind cabinet reshuffle decision|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sylvia-lucas-to-rescind-cabinet-reshuffle-decision-9469817|accessdate=16 October 2020|work=IOL|date=1 June 2017}}</ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'ọchịchị Northern Cape, ọ bụ MEC nke ọdụdụ na mpaghara. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Q & A With MEC Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba|url=https://solomonstar.live/q-mec-bongiwe-mbinqo-gigaba/|accessdate=16 October 2020|work=Solomonstar|date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808121653/https://solomonstar.live/q-mec-bongiwe-mbinqo-gigaba/|archive-date=8 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche mpaghara nke African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kwon Hoo|first=Sandi|title=ANCYL backs ‘Mr Moneybags’|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/northern-cape/ancyl-backs-mr-moneybags-12865542|accessdate=16 October 2020|work=IOL|date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Maka ntuli aka izugbe nke Mee 8, 2019, Mbnqo-Gigaba bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa maka ọgbakọ omebe iwu obodo . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Naki|first=Eric|title=ANC copies EFF with youthful candidates lists|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/elections/2102463/anc-copies-eff-with-youthful-candidates-lists/|accessdate=16 October 2020|work=The Citizen|date=15 March 2019}}</ref> A họpụtara ya na nzuko omeiwu na ntuli aka wee ṅụọ iyi na 22 Mee 2019, izu abụọ ka e mesịrị. <ref>{{Cite news|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=16 October 2020|work=News24|date=15 May 2019}}</ref> Na 2 Julaị 2019, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche nke kọmitii Pọtụfoliyo na agụmakwụkwọ Basic, na-anọchi [[Nomalungelo Gina]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Election of Chairperson|url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/28452/|work=Parliamentary Monitoring Group|accessdate=16 October 2020|date=2 July 2019}}</ref> Mbnqo-Gigaba eguzoghị maka nhọpụta ọzọ na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The ANC`s candidate lists for the 2024 elections - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-ancs-candidate-lists-for-the-2024-elections|accessdate=2024-12-02|work=www.politicsweb.co.za|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mbinqo-Gigaba, Bongiwe}} hbfnul0czi9x21bn02h9x52wp3avvot Claire Holt 0 60199 741478 720720 2026-10-24T01:31:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Claire Rhiannon Holt (amuru 11 June 1988) bu onye omekorita America-Australia.[1] O mere ihe ngosi mpụta mbụ ya na-akpọ Emma Gilbert na usoro fantasy H2O: Just Add Water (2006 – 2008), tupu ọ kwaga America wee mee mpụta mbụ ihe nkiri ya na 2009. Mgbe ọ pụtasịrị na usoro telivishọn Mean Girls 2 na oge abụọ mbụ nke Pretty Little Liars (ma 2011), o nwere ihe ngosi nke Rebekatuel nke na-eme ihe nkiri nke Rebekatuel. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Vampire (2011–2014), Ndị izizi (2013–2018) na Legacies (2021–2022). Ọrụ ahụ nwetara otuto ya na nhọpụta Teen Choice Award. Ọ gbakwara ama na usoro ihe nkiri mpụ oge NBC Aquarius (2015 – 2016), iji nwetakwuo mma. Na ihe nkiri, Holt gbara ama na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị Blue Like Jazz (2012) na ihe nkiri nlanarị 47 Mita Down (2017) na nnabata dị oke egwu, sochiri ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ anabataghị nke ọma, na emesia na ihe nkiri egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu akpọrọ Untitled Horror Movie (2021). Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ndị a ọ bụkwa onye isi rụpụtara. == Oge ọ malitere == Holt si Brisbane, Queensland, [[Ostraliya|Australia]], ọ gakwara Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Stuartholme. <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 January 2012|title=Australian Television: H2O – Just Add Water|url=http://www.australiantelevision.net/h2o/articles/holt-impressing-hollywood.html|accessdate=30 May 2022|work=australiantelevision.net|archivedate=9 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909220605/http://australiantelevision.net/h2o/articles/holt-impressing-hollywood.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Afọ 2000: Ọganihu na mmata mbụ === N'afọ 2005, Holt meriri ọrụ Emma Gilbert na ihe ngosi telivishọn ụmụaka iri nke Network H2O: Just Add Water, nke malitere na July nke afọ na-esote. Ihe ngosi a enwetala onyinye Logie na ihe nrite nhọrọ ụmụaka Nickelodeon Australia. Ọ bụ ezie na emegharịrị usoro ahụ maka oge nke atọ, Holt hapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ mgbe oge abụọ gachara ka ọ bịanyere aka na usoro nke ihe nkiri 2007 The Messenger, akpọrọ Messengers 2: The Scarecrow. Àgwà Indiana Evans, Bella, nọchiri ya. Ihe nkiri nke ndị ozi 2 mere na Sofia n'ime afọ 2008. N'akụkụ Norman Reedus na Heather Stephens, ewepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na 21 Julaị 2009 ozugbo na-DVD. === Afọ 2010: Nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ === [[Faịlụ:Claire_Holt_at_PaleyFest_2014.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|240x240px|Claire Holt na Paley Center For Media's PaleyFest 2014 Ịsọpụrụ "The Originals"]] Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ telivishọn na ihe nkiri, Holt apụtala na mgbasa ozi maka Dreamworld, Sizzler, na Queensland Lifesaving. BuddyTV weputara ọnụọgụ 55 ya na ndepụta 100 Sexiest Women of 2011 nke TV. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/slideshows/one-tree-hill/tvs-100-sexiest-women-of-2011-27145.aspx|title=TV's 100 Sexiest Women of 2011|publisher=[[BuddyTV.com]]|year=2011|accessdate=13 January 2012|archivedate=21 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621064400/http://www.buddytv.com/slideshows/one-tree-hill/tvs-100-sexiest-women-of-2011-27145.aspx}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011, e gosipụtara na Holt nọ na usoro ihe nkiri TV The Vampire Diaries dị ka Rebekah Mikaelson . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2011/08/09/vampire-diaries-season-3-stefans-ex-girlfriend/|title='Vampire Diaries' Casts Stefan's Ex: 5 Theories On Why She's Coming To Town|publisher=[[MTV]]|first=Nuzhat|author=Naoreen|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=7 November 2011|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925172833/http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2011/08/09/vampire-diaries-season-3-stefans-ex-girlfriend/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 13 Jenụwarị 2013, The CW mara ọkwa na Holt sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri maka onye na-anya ụgbọelu nke The Vampire Diaries spin-off The Originals, ebe ọ weghachiri ọrụ ya dị ka Rebekah Mikaelson.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hollywoodlife.com/2013/02/13/claire-holt-the-originals-vampire-diaries-spin-off-rebekah/|title='The Originals' Scoop: Claire Holt Joins The 'Vampire Diaries' Spin-Off|publisher=HollywoodLife.com|first=Andy|author=Swift|date=13 February 2013|accessdate=14 February 2013|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323102940/https://hollywoodlife.com/2013/02/13/claire-holt-the-originals-vampire-diaries-spin-off-rebekah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title='Vampire Diaries' Claire Holt To Co-Star In 'The Originals' Spinoff|url=https://deadline.com/2013/02/vampire-diaries-spinoff-claire-holt-co-star-casting-originals-cw-429870/|work=Deadline|accessdate=17 October 2023|date=13 February 2013}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka usoro a na-eme mgbe niile na nke iri na isii nke oge mbụ, nke gosipụtara na US na 11 Machị 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jarettwieselman/claire-holt-exits-the-originals|title=Claire Holt Exits ''The Originals''|publisher=[[Buzzfeed.com]]|first=Jarett|author=Wieselman|date=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ng|first=Philiana|title=Claire Holt Exits 'The Originals'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/claire-holt-exits-originals-as-687866/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=17 October 2023|date=11 March 2014}}</ref> Holt laghachiri n'ọrụ ya na ngwụcha oge nke mbụ na 13 Mee 2014, wee gaa n'ihu na-abụ onye ọbịa oge ụfọdụ na usoro ahụ ruo mgbe ngwụcha ya na 1 Ọgọst 2018. N'afọ 2014, e jikọtara Holt na ''Supergirl'' nke CBS, ọ bụ ezie na ọ họọrọ ịghara ịchụso ya.<ref name="20141209comicbook-claire">{{Cite news|url=https://comicbook.com/2014/12/09/claire-holt-not-expected-to-play-kryptons-supergirl-/|title=Claire Holt Not Expected To Play Supergirl|publisher=Comicbook.com|first=Andrew|author=Steinbeiser|date=9 December 2014|accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> Ọ pụtara na NBC "ihe omume" ''Aquarius'' dị ka Charmain Tully . N'afọ 2016, a họpụtara ya na ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị The Divorce Party, na-arụ ọrụ Susan.<ref name="20161104projectcasting">{{Cite news|url=http://www.projectcasting.com/casting-calls-acting-auditions/divorce-party-atlanta-casting-call-featured-roles|title='The Divorce Party' Casting Call for Featured Roles|publisher=ProjectCasting.com|date=4 November 2016|accessdate=2 October 2017|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003124457/http://www.projectcasting.com/casting-calls-acting-auditions/divorce-party-atlanta-casting-call-featured-roles|url-status=dead}}</ref> Holt nwere ọrụ dị mkpa, Kayla, na ihe nkiri telivishọn na-akpali akpali nke ABC Doomsday na 2017. <ref name="20170302deadline">{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/claire-holt-female-lead-doomsday-abc-drama-pilot-1202034909/|title=Claire Holt To Topline 'Doomsday' ABC Drama Pilot|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Nellie|author=Andreeva|date=2 March 2017|accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ kwa, Holt gosipụtara dị ka Kate na ihe nkiri egwu dị n'okpuru mmiri 47 Meters Down, n'ihu Mandy Moore na Matthew Modine, nke a tọhapụrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri na 16 June 2017. <ref name="20160725variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/mandy-moore-shark-tale-47-meters-down-weinsteins-1201822542/|title=Mandy Moore's Shark Tale '47 Meters Down' Bought From Weinsteins|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|author=McNary|first=Dave|date=25 July 2016|accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> === Afọ 2020: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri === N'afọ 2021, Holt nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na Untitled Horror Movie . Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na akara Andie Swim iji mepụta uwe ịsa ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theteenmagazine.com/actress-claire-holt-on-collaborating-with-andie-channel-your-inner-mermaid|title=Actress Claire Holt on Collaborating with Andie: Channel Your Inner Mermaid|date=9 August 2021|accessdate=10 December 2021|archivedate=10 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205906/https://www.theteenmagazine.com/actress-claire-holt-on-collaborating-with-andie-channel-your-inner-mermaid}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba nke otu afọ ahụ, ọ pụtara na usoro ihe nkiri nke Originals dị ka Rebekah Mikaelson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2021/11/08/legacies-season-4-rebekah-mikaelson-claire-holt-first-photo/|title=''Legacies'' First Look: Claire Holt Brings Rebekah Mikaelson Back to Mystic Falls|date=8 November 2021|author=Swift|first=Andy|work=TV Line|accessdate=10 December 2021|archivedate=10 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210202009/https://tvline.com/2021/11/08/legacies-season-4-rebekah-mikaelson-claire-holt-first-photo/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=You Won't Believe Which Vampire Diaries Alum Is Heading to Legacies|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1308884/you-wont-believe-which-vampire-diaries-alum-is-heading-to-legacies|work=E! Online|accessdate=17 October 2023|date=9 November 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, Holt pụtara ọzọ na Legacies dị ka Rebekah Mikaelson maka otu ihe omume, na-egwu onye ahụ n'oge ikpeazụ. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2024, Holt so ụlọ ọrụ azụmaahịa VEE Collective rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta akpa VEE nrọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Porter Line {{!}} Exclusive Collaboration with Claire Holt|url=https://www.vee-collective.com/pages/claire-holt|accessdate=2024-10-25|work=VEE COLLECTIVE|language=en}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2024, Holt sonyere na marathon nke atọ ya na nke abụọ ya na New York City, na mmekorita ya na Maybelline.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DB88fDlxY8v/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==|accessdate=2024-11-04|work=www.instagram.com}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == === Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ === Na Jenụwarị 2023, Holt kwupụtara na ya emegheela ebe nrụọrụ weebụ, nke ọ ga-ewetara ndị na-akwado ya ọdịnaya kwa izu dịka make-up, nhọrọ ejiji, nsogbu ịmụ nwa na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Corner by Claire Holt|url=https://thecornerbyclaire.com/|accessdate=2024-06-11|work=thecornerbyclaire.com|language=en}}</ref> === Nkwado === N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2022, Holt kpebiri ịgba ọsọ Marathon nke New York City iji nye onyinye ya na Boston Children's Hospital maka ngụkọta nke $ 162,000. Holt gbara ọsọ kilomita 26.2 wee ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What it's like to run the NYC marathon.|url=https://thecornerbyclaire.com/blogs/journal/i-ran-the-nyc-marathon|accessdate=2024-06-11|work=thecornerbyclaire.com|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2024, Holt gbara ọsọ nke abụọ ya na Chicago, na-enweta ihe karịrị $ 100,000 iji gbakwunye na $ 250,000 ọ nwetara maka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụaka Boston. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chakrabarty|first=Prasun|date=2024-10-13|title=Having Raised $250,000, ‘Vampire Diaries’ Star Claire Holt to Run in Chicago Marathon for a Noble Cause|url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/us-sports-news-olympics-news-track-and-field-news-having-raised-two-lacs-fifty-thousands-vampire-diaries-star-claire-holt-to-run-in-chicago-marathon-for-a-noble-cause/|accessdate=2024-10-14|work=EssentiallySports|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318180639/https://www.essentiallysports.com/us-sports-news-olympics-news-track-and-field-news-having-raised-two-lacs-fifty-thousands-vampire-diaries-star-claire-holt-to-run-in-chicago-marathon-for-a-noble-cause/|archive-date=2025-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mohan|first=Isabel|date=2024-10-14|title=Claire Holt Wins PB at Chicago Marathon 11 Months After Third Baby|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/claire-holt-wins-pb-at-chicago-marathon-11-months-after-third-baby/|accessdate=2024-10-14|work=Us Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ọdịdị ndị ọzọ === Podcast: Evergreen (2023), dị ka Dagny Isaacs. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Holt kwere enyi ya nwoke ogologo oge, onye na-emepụta telivishọn bụ Matt Kaplan nkwa ọlụlụ.<ref name="people20150714">{{Cite news|date=14 July 2015|title=Claire Holt Is Engaged! Check out the Aquarius Actress's Ring|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|url=http://www.people.com/article/claire-holt-announces-engagement-instagram|accessdate=30 April 2016}}</ref> Ha abụọ lụrụ na 28 Eprel 2016. <ref name="aol20160429">{{Cite news|date=29 April 2016|title=Former 'The Originals' star Claire Holt gets married|publisher=[[AOL]]|url=http://www.aol.com/article/2016/04/29/former-the-originals-star-claire-holt-gets-married/21357082/|accessdate=30 April 2016|archive-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711220630/http://www.aol.com/article/2016/04/29/former-the-originals-star-claire-holt-gets-married/21357082/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, Kaplan gbara akwụkwọ ịgba alụkwaghịm n'aka Holt, na-ekwu maka "ọdịiche a na-apụghị idozi". Holt mechara tinye akwụkwọ na nzaghachi na 2 Mee 2017, na-arịọkwa ka a gbanwee aha ya site na Kaplan laghachi na Holt.<ref name="people20170504">{{Cite news|date=4 May 2017|title=''The Originals''{{'}} Actress Claire Holt's Husband Files for Divorce One Day Before 1-Year Anniversary|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|url=http://people.com/tv/claire-holt-divorcing-husband-files-one-day-before-1-year-anniversary/|accessdate=5 May 2017}}</ref> Na 3 Disemba 2017, Holt kwupụtara nkwa ọlụlụ ya na onye isi ụlọ Andrew Joblon.<ref name="people20171203">{{Cite news|date=3 December 2017|title=The Originals Star Claire Holt Engaged to Andrew Joblon — 7 Months After Split From Matthew Kaplan|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|url=http://people.com/tv/claire-holt-engaged-andrew-joblon-months-after-splitting-husband/|accessdate=4 December 2017}}</ref> Na 5 Machị 2018, Holt kpughere na Instagram na ọ tụfuru ime. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Bf66AdbFiEh/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521161841/https://www.instagram.com/p/Bf66AdbFiEh/|archivedate=21 May 2018|title=Claire Holt on Instagram: "I took this photo 10 days ago, as I waited for surgery after my sweet little baby lost its heartbeat. I sent it to my fiancé in the waiting..."|work=Instagram|language=en|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref> Holt na Joblon lụrụ na 18 Ọgọst 2018. <ref name="usweek20180819">{{Cite news|date=19 August 2018|title=The Originals' Claire Holt Marries Andrew Joblon: See Her Wedding Dress|work=US Weekly|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/the-originals-claire-holt-marries-andrew-joblon/|accessdate=19 August 2018}}</ref> Ha nwere ụmụ atọ: ụmụ nwoke abụọ (amụrụ na 2019 na 2023) na nwa nwanyị (amụrụ n'afọ 2020). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Claire Holt Welcomes Baby No. 3, a Son, with Husband Andrew Joblon|url=https://people.com/claire-holt-welcomes-baby-no-3-with-husband-andrew-joblon-8382606|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 September 2020|title=Claire Holt Welcomes Daughter Elle: 'She Flew Into the World and Expanded Our Hearts'|url=https://people.com/parents/claire-holt-welcomes-daughter-elle/|work=PEOPLE.com|language=EN|accessdate=14 September 2020|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915120231/https://people.com/parents/claire-holt-welcomes-daughter-elle/}}</ref> Holt kwupụtara na ọ ghọrọ nwa amaala America na Nọvemba 2019. <ref name="insta20191121">{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B5I2W8WgI60/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108044913/https://www.instagram.com/p/B5I2W8WgI60/|archivedate=8 November 2022|title=Claire Holt on Instagram: "Pretty special day for me today. I'M GOING TO BE A VOTER!"|work=Instagram|language=en|date=21 November 2019|accessdate=15 December 2020}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == [[Faịlụ:Claire_Holt_2012.jpg|thumb|Holt na Ian Somerhalder Foundation's Influence Affair Red Carpet 2012.]] {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ọrụ fim ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- | scope="row" |2009 |''Ndị Ozi 2: Egwu ahụ'' |Lindsay Rollins | |- | scope="row" |2012 |''Blue Like Jazz'' |Penny | |- | scope="row" |2017 |''47 mita n'okpuru'' |Kate | |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''The Divorce Party'' |Susan Brown | |- |''A Violent Separation'' |Abbey Campbell | |- |''Ịma Mma E sere Ihe'' |Sasha |Ihe nkiri a na-amaghị ama ka ọ na-erule afọ 2025 |- |2021 |''Ihe nkiri na-eyi egwu na-enweghị aha'' |Kelly |Onye na-emepụta ihe |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ọrụ telivishọn ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Aha ya ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- | scope="row" |2006–2008 |''H<nowiki><sub id="mwAVU">2</sub></nowiki>: Naanị Mgbakwunye Mmiri'' |Emma Gilbert |Ọrụ bụ isi (oge 1-2), ihe omume 51 |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Ụmụ agbọghọ 2'' |Chastity Meyer |Ihe nkiri telivishọn<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/mean-girls-2/cast/309194/|title=Mean Girls 2|work=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=2 October 2017|archivedate=13 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313192227/https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/mean-girls-2/cast/309194/}}</ref> |- |''Ndị Ịgha ụgha'' |Samara Cook |Ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro (oge 1-2), 5 episodes |- | scope="row" |2011–2014 |''The Vampire Diaries'' |Rebekah Mikaelson |Ọrụ a na-eme ugboro ugboro, ihe omume 38 |- | scope="row" |2013–2018 |''The Originals'' |Rebekah Mikaelson |Ọrụ bụ isi (oge 1); Onye ọbịa pụrụ iche (oge 2-5); 37 ihe omume |- | scope="row" |2015–2016 |''Aquarius'' |Charmain Tully |Ọrụ bụ isi, 22 episodes |- | scope="row" |2021–2022 |''Ihe Nketa'' |Rebekah Mikaelson |Onye ọbịa pụrụ iche, ihe omume 2 <ref name="Season4Episode15Legacies">{{Cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2022/03/24/legacies-marcel-kol-season-4-episode-15-rebekah-freya/|title=''Legacies'': Charles Michael Davis and Nathaniel Buzolic to Appear as Marcel and Kol in Season 4 Episode|work=TVLine|first=Andy|author=Swift|date=24 March 2022|accessdate=24 March 2022|archivedate=25 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325025821/https://tvline.com/2022/03/24/legacies-marcel-kol-season-4-episode-15-rebekah-freya/}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Dabere n'Ezi Akụkọ'' |Onye edemede TV |Ihe omume: "Ted Bundy Bottle Opener" |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ọrụ vidio egwu ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Abụ ! scope="col" |Onye na-ese ihe ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ihe edeturu |- | scope="row" |2014 |"Anyị emeela" |Ụmụnne Madden | |- | scope="row" |2017 |"Nwa nwoke Obodo" |Dustin Lynch | |} == Onyinye na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" |Afọ ! scope="col" |Ihe nrite ! scope="col" |Ụdị ! scope="col" |Ọrụ ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ndị na-agba ọsọ |- |2014 | scope="row" |''Ihe nrite Teen Choice'' |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na TV: Sci-Fi/Fantasy |''Ndị Mbụ''| {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20140618teenchoiceawards">{{Cite news|url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/tcnews.aspx|title=First Wave of 'Teen Choice 2014' Nominees Announced|date=18 June 2014|publisher=[[Teen Choice Awards]]|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> |} == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Holt, Claire}} axiiasrpz93dia1owivhn66a3sfftru Event:Wiki For Catholic Youths 1728 60269 741467 661596 2026-10-24T00:13:44Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741467 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="10" style="margin:auto;" |[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] |} [[File:Official flier for Wiki for Catholic Youths.png|thumb|]] == '''Wiki For Catholic Youths'''== Books of the Bible, although available in English language, is absent in Igbo language, thereby making it difficult for native speakers to access this all important information. This project which is in collaboration with the '''Catholic Youth Organization of Nigeria, St Patrick’s Cathedral, Awka''' aims to introduce Catholic youths to [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] while also informing them of other Wikimedia sister projects and also bridging the language barrier gap on Wikipedia. Participants will be guided on creating a global Wikimedia user account as well as receive hands-on training about creating new articles on the Igbo Wikipedia. [[File:Flier for Wiki For Catholic Youths.png|thumb]] == Project Timeline == *Project Launch/Physical event - ''' Sunday 27th of April 2025 *Time - ''' 9:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) *Contest start date - ''' Sunday 27th April 2025 *Time - ''' 9:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) *Contest end date - ''' Sunday 4th May 2025 *Time - ''' 9:00AM UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) ==Expectations== At the end of this project the following expectations should be met: #Participants will own a global Wikimedia user account to assist in contributing to open knowledge. #New contributors will learn the basics of creating an article on Wikipedia. #At least 60 Igbo Wikipedia articles will be created. ==Outcome== This project brought about the following positive outcomes; * '''Enriching Igbo language and knowledge''': Through the contributions of these newly recruited volunteers, a total of '''82''' new articles were created on the Igbo Wikipedia and '''124''' valuable resources were edited for Igbo readers/speakers worldwide. * '''Fostering community growth''' : This Project and collaboration have increased our community by bringing in '''20''' new young learners and volunteers, with a total number of '''28''' registered participants. * '''Promoting evangelization''': This project has helped spread the message of Christ and promote a greater understanding of Catholicism by expanding the reach of Books of the Bible to a wider population of Igbo Speakers and readers. ==Edit-a-thon Results== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" ! USERNAME !! POSITION !! NO OF EDITS !! XTOOL LINK |- | [[User:Vinnybrains|Vinnybrains]] || First || 37 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Vinnybrains |- | [[User:Johnnybam|Johnnybam]] || Second || 28 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Johnnybam%20 |- | [[User:Uzhor|Uzhor]] || Third || 19 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Uzhor |- | [[User:Bigcee007|Bigcee007]] || Fourth || 13 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Bigcee007 |- | [[User:Mmadubuko success|Mmadubuko success]] || Fifth || 7 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Mmadubuko%20success |- | [[User:Abiri001|Abiri001]] || Sixth || 4 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Abiri001 |- | [[User:Coral25|Coral25]] || Seventh || 1 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Coral25 |- | [[User:Sochima Shirley|Sochima Shirley]] || Seventh || 1 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Sochima%20Shirley |- | [[User:Adaobi Victoria|Adaobi Victoria]] || Seventh || 1 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Adaobi%20Victoria |- | [[User:Chioma Joan|Chioma Joan]] || Seventh || 1 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Chioma%20Joan |- | [[User:Bigkotech|Bigkotech]] || Seventh || 1 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Bigkotech |- | [[User:Kingsley focus|Kingsley focus]] || Seventh || 1 || https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/ig.wikipedia.org/Kingsley%20focus%20 |} ==Photo speaks== {| align=center style="font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:auto;" |[[File:Wiki for Catholic Youths 1.jpg|150px]] |[[File:Wiki for Catholic Youths 2.jpg|150px]] |[[File:Wiki for Catholic Youths 3.jpg|150px]] |- |[[File:Wiki for Catholic Youths 4.jpg|100px]] |[[File:Wiki for Catholic Youths 5.jpg|150px]] |[[Faịlụ:Wiki for Catholic Youths 6.jpg|150px]] |- |[[Faịlụ:Wiki for Catholic Youths 7.jpg|150px]] |[[Faịlụ:Wiki for Catholic Youths 8.jpg|150px]] |[[Faịlụ:Wiki for Catholic Youths 9.jpg|150px]] |- |} ==See also== [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/11/empowering-nigerian-youths-through-wikimedia-a-new-initiative-with-the-catholic-youth-organization-of-nigeria/ Diff blog article] [[Òtù:Mmemme]] [[Òtù:Wiki for Catholic Youths]] [[Otú:Mmemme 2025]] t5rf5t289pt2dvavazf9sydvywq9z33 Moses Bliss 0 60360 741448 638304 2026-10-24T00:12:48Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nigerian gospel singer (born 1995)}} {{use dmy dates|date=May 2024}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20250323230333/https://mosesbliss.com/ Website]{{Infobox musical artist | name = Moses Bliss | image = File:Moses Bliss.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Moses Uyoh Enang | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|02|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Abuja]], Nigeria | origin = [[Akwa Ibom State]], Nigeria | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Contemporary worship music|Contemporary worship]] * [[Urban contemporary gospel|contemporary gospel]] }} | occupation = {{Flatlist| * cooking (no true evidence) * songwriter * worship leader * record label owner }} | instrument = {{Flatlist| * trumpet× * piano * drums * guitar }} | years_active = 2017–present | label = Tizzy Nation, Spotlite Nation | spouse = {{marriage|Marie Wiseborn|2024}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c72g9ey47lno | title=Moses Bliss wedding: Highlights from Marie Wiseborn and di gospel singer ceremony from Nigeria to Ghana | date=28 February 2024 }}</ref> | website = Https://mosesbliss.com }} '''Moses Uyoh Enang''' (born 20 February 1995), popularly known as '''Moses Bliss''', is a Nigerian gospel singer, worship leader and songwriter. He is the founder of Spotlite Nation, a Nigerian record label.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gospel artist Moses Bliss unveils record label, signs four artistes |work=The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/gospel-artist-moses-bliss-unveils-record-label-signs-four-artistes/}}</ref> Bliss released his first single in January 2017 titled "E No Dey Fall My Hand" and rose to prominence with the 2019 song "Too Faithful".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Moses Bliss: His Music and Story |url=https://pianity.com/moses-bliss |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=pianity.com |language=en |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426125239/https://pianity.com/moses-bliss }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-06 |title=Spotify lists top 10 Nigerian gospel songs for Easter |url=https://punchng.com/spotify-lists-top-10-nigerian-gospel-songs-for-easter/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, he won the Loveworld International Music and Arts Award (LIMA 2020) by [[Chris Oyakhilome]] for his song "You I Live for".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adbbe |first=Gabriele |date=2020-11-29 |title=Here are the winners of LIMA 2020 |url=https://www.pastorchrisoyakhilomeevents.com/here-are-the-winners-of-lima-2020/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Pastor Chris Oyakhilome Events |language=en-US |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=13 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213050042/https://www.pastorchrisoyakhilomeevents.com/here-are-the-winners-of-lima-2020/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2020-12-02 |title=All You Need to Know About Pastor Chris Oyakhilome's LIMA Awards 2020 |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-pastor-chris-oyakhilomes-lima-awards-2020/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Career == === Music === Moses Bliss started to show interest in music from a very young age. By the age of 5, he was already learning and playing musical instruments. Later on, he joined the choir at Believers' Loveworld church. Moses Bliss officially started his music career in 2017 with the debut single "E No Dey Fall My Hand".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Man |first=The New |title=Biography of Minister Moses Bliss |url=https://www.thenewman.org.ng/2022/07/biography-of-minister-moses-bliss.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=The New Man}}</ref> In 2019, he released the song ‘Too Faithful’ and followed it up in 2020 with the single ‘Bigger Everyday’.<ref name="Admin">{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2020-06-29 |title=Moses Bliss - Bigger Everyday ft (Festizie, Membrane, Uwa, Chris Heavens and Temple) |url=https://worshippersgh.com/audio-moses-bliss-bigger-everyday-ft-festizie-membrane-uwa-chris-heavens-and-temple/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=WorshippersGh |language=en-US}}</ref> His first album "Too Faithful"<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOSES BLISS RELEASES DEBUT ALBUM “TOO FAITHFUL” |url=http://www.godlyrics.com.ng/2023/04/MOSES-BLISS-RELEASES-DEBUT-ALBUM-TOO-FAITHFUL.html |access-date=2024-07-03}}</ref> was released in May 2021 and comprised 13 tracks including "Taking Care", "Perfection" and "E No Dey Fall My Hand". In February 2023, he released his sophomore album titled "More Than Music (Transcendent Worship", also comprising 13 tracks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatoye |first=Dara |date=2021-08-31 |title=Nigeria's Rising Gospel Star Moses Bliss Is Taking On The Global Stage |url=https://thenet.ng/nigerias-rising-gospel-star-moses-bliss-is-taking-on-the-global-stage/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> In October 2021, he was signed by "[[Symphonic Distribution]]", a music distribution company in [[Florida]], United States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-02 |title=Symphonic signs Moses Bliss in global distribution deal |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/weekend-beats/symphonic-signs-moses-bliss-in-global-distribution-deal/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2021-08-30 |title=Symphonic signs Moses Bliss in global distribution deal |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/symphonic-signs-moses-bliss-in-global-distribution-deal/lf97pgy |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=17 March 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317114025/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/symphonic-signs-moses-bliss-in-global-distribution-deal/lf97pgy }}</ref> In February 2023, he unveiled his record label Spotlite Nation and signed four artists: Chizie, Festizie, Doris Joseph, and Grace Lokwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asough |first=Aveseh |date=2023-02-09 |title=Gospel singer Moses Bliss floats label, signs four artistes |url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/gospel-singer-moses-bliss-floats-label-signs-four-artistes/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=21st CENTURY CHRONICLE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-03-14 |title=25th edition of Harvest Praise hosts Don Moen and Moses Bliss on Good Friday |url=https://worshippersgh.com/25th-edition-of-harvest-praise-hosts-don-moen-and-moses-bliss-on-good-frida/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=WorshippersGh |language=en-US}}</ref> Every year Bliss holds a musical concert. This concert is known as Bliss Experience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-10 |title="The Bliss Experience": Moses Bliss Preps for First Major Concert {{!}} May 16 {{!}} GMusicPlus.com |url=https://www.gmusicplus.com/moses-bliss-preps-for-first-major-concert-the-bliss-experience-live-in-abuja-may-16-2021/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dekolo |first=Jolomi |date=2024-03-28 |title=Gospel Minister Moses Bliss Set For Bliss Experience Tagged "The Home Coming" In Akwa Ibom |url=https://selahafrik.com/2024/03/bliss-experience-akwa-ibom/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=SelahAfrik |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-11 |title=Moses Bliss Shuts Down London As Thousands Gather For Worship Experience {{!}} Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/moses-bliss-shuts-down-london-as-thousands-gather-for-worship-experience/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Business === Moses Bliss has a clothing brand in [[Abuja]] Nigeria known as Shades of Bliss. This brand produces classical wears for males.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Personal life == In January 2024, Moses Bliss announced his engagement to Ghanaian London-based lawyer, Marie Wiseborn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen |first=Onu |date=2024-01-20 |title=Meet Moses Bliss' Ghanaian fiancée Marie Wiseborn |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/660641-meet-moses-bliss-ghanaian-fiancee-marie-wiseborn.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwalaiye |first=Temi |date=2024-01-22 |title=5 dating hacks from Moses Bliss and Marie Wiseborn's engagement |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/5-dating-hacks-from-moses-bliss-and-marie-wiseborns-engagement/decer73 |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Moses Bliss married Marie Wiseborn on 3 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=Our |date=2024-03-03 |title=Moses Bliss, Marie Wiseborn tie the knot in classy wedding |url=https://punchng.com/moses-bliss-marie-wiseborn-tie-the-knot-in-classy-wedding/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeke |first=Nkem |date=2024-03-03 |title="Aww": Moses Bliss, wife cut giant cake at reception, share No of kids they want |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1581724-moses-bliss-marie-wiseborn-celebrate-white-wedding-gorgeous-giant-cake-fans-admire/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> Moses Bliss and Marie Wiseborn welcomed their first child, a boy in January, 2025, two months before their first wedding anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Temitope |date=2025-03-03 |title=Moses Bliss celebrates first wedding anniversary with wife, Marie |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2025/03/moses-bliss-2/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Vanguard Allure |language=en-US}}</ref> == Discography == === Albums === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year Released !Title !Details !Ref |- |''May 2021'' |''Too Faithful'' | * Number of Tracks: 13 * Formats: Streaming, digital download |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Too Faithful by Moses Bliss {{!}} Album |url=https://www.afrocharts.com/album?id=2e5332fb0b |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Afrocharts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SONGS |first=LOVEWORLD |date=2022-11-08 |title=Too Faithful Album by Moses Bliss » LOVEWORLD SONGS |url=https://blwsongs.net/too-faithful-album-by-moses-bliss/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=LOVEWORLD SONGS |language=en-US |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426135335/https://blwsongs.net/too-faithful-album-by-moses-bliss/ }}</ref> |- |''January 2023'' |More Than Music (Transcendent Worship) | * Number of Tracks: 13 * Formats: Streaming, digital download |<ref>{{Citation |title=More Than Music (Transcendent Worship) by Moses Bliss |date=2023-01-27 |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/more-than-music-transcendent-worship/1658316993 |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-GB |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130753/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/more-than-music-transcendent-worship/1658316993 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Singles === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Album !Ref |- |2017 |E No Dey Fall My Hand | rowspan="3" |Too faithful |<ref>{{Cite web |last=S9 |first=DJ Valentino |date=2021-05-19 |title=Moses Bliss – E No Dey Fall My Hand |url=https://www.six9ja.com/moses-bliss-e-no-dey-fall-my-hand/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Six9ja |language=en |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426152718/https://www.six9ja.com/moses-bliss-e-no-dey-fall-my-hand/ }}</ref> |- |2019 |Too Faithful | |- |2020 |You I Live For | |- |2020 |Bigger Everyday | rowspan="4" |Non-album single |<ref name="Admin"/> |- |2021 |Miracle |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2021-09-24 |title=Moses Bliss, Festizie & Chizie drop a new AfroGospel hit titled 'Miracle' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/moses-bliss-festizie-and-chizie-drop-a-new-afrogospel-hit-titled-miracle/3jx2q0d |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- |2021 |Grateful | |- |2022 |Royalty | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |Mercy <small>featuring [[Sunmisola Agbebi]] & [[Jerry Eze|Pastor Jerry Eze]]</small> | | |- |Jesus Oh featuring [[Ebukasongs|Ebuka Songs]] | | |} == Videography == * Daddy Wey Dey Pamper (2023) * Miracle No Dey Tire Jesus (2023) * Marvelous God (2023) * Taking Care (remix featuring [[Mercy Chinwo]]) (2022) * Count On Me (2022) * Never Seen (2022) * I Prepare (2022) * Ima Mfo (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-05 |title=Moses Bliss Delivers "Ima Mfo" (Live) {{!}} GMusicPlus.com |url=https://www.gmusicplus.com/moses-bliss-delivers-ima-mfo-live/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Taking Care (2021) * Jesus is Here (2021) * In Your Hands (2021) * Too Faithful (2020) * E No Dey Fall My Hand (2019) * Carry Am Go (2024) == Awards and nominations == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Award !Category !Result !Ref |- |2020 |Loveworld International Music and Arts Award (LIMA 2020) |Best Song of the Year "You I live For" |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=qNw1UHSvtX |title=See Who Made the Best Songs of 2020 List at LIMA Awards {{!}} Christ Embassy |url=https://christembassy.org/see-who-made-the-best-songs-of-2020-list-at-lima-awards/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oyakhilome splashes $100,000 on Moses Bliss for winning LIMA award - P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/11/28/oyakhilome-splashes-100000-on-moses-bliss-for-winning-lima-award/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |CLIMA Africa Awards |Gospel Song of the Year |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=CLIMA 2021: Moses Bliss Wins Gospel Song Of The Year Awards |url=https://www.thechristianfeeds.com/2021/09/clima-2021-moses-bliss-wins-gospel-song.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426134221/https://www.thechristianfeeds.com/2021/09/clima-2021-moses-bliss-wins-gospel-song.html }}</ref> |- |Gospel Touch Music Awards |Breakthrough Artist Of The Year |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nairadiary |date=2021-12-08 |title=GUC, Moses Bliss, Win Breakthrough Artist Of The Year At Gospel Touch Music Awards |url=https://nairadiary.com/guc-moses-bliss-win-breakthrough-artist-of-the-year-at-gospel-touch-music-awards/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Naira Diary |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2022 | rowspan="4" |CLIMA Africa Awards |Africa Male Gospel Artist of the Year |{{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-07 |title=Aity Dennis, Sinach, Mercy Chinwo, Others To Headline CLIMA Africa Awards 2022 On Sunday - The Lagos Today |url=https://thelagostoday.com/aity-dennis-sinach-mercy-chinwo-others-to-headline-clima-africa-awards-2022-on-sunday/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Africa Gospel Songwriter of the Year |{{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwa |first=Desalu |date=2022-09-24 |title=CLIMA Africa Awards 2022 Hits Lagos - Peterson Okopi, Moses Bliss & More Billed To Minister |url=https://www.selahafrik.com/2022/09/clima-africa-awards-2022/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=SelahAfrik |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Africa Inspirational Song of the Year |{{nom}} | |- |Africa Gospel Songwriter of the Year |{{nom}} | |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bliss, Moses}} [[Category:21st-century Nigerian male singers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian gospel singers]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1995]] sbt81u9bmylh3wfwatm84404zkbhlsh Danladi Baido 0 60549 741482 538433 2026-10-24T03:26:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danladi Baido Tijo''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke jerela ozi dị ka onye na-anọchite anya Karim-Lamido/Lau/Ardo Kola Federal Constituency nke Taraba State na Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya. Ọ bụ onye SPD ga-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ na steeti Taraba na 2023. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Enoch|first=Raymond|title=HON. DANLADI BAIDO TIJO SDP GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE FOR 2023 TARABA STATE: THINGS TO FIX|url=https://paradigmnews.info/hon-danladi-baido-tijo-sdp-governorship-candidate-for-2023-taraba-state-things-to-fix/|accessdate=2025-01-07|work=Paradigm News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124070630/https://paradigmnews.info/hon-danladi-baido-tijo-sdp-governorship-candidate-for-2023-taraba-state-things-to-fix/|archive-date=2025-01-24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Soyombo|first='Fisayo|date=2017-06-28|title=OBITUARY: Danbaba Suntai... wrecked by a plane crash, loved to the grave by his wife|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/obituary-danbaba-suntai-wrecked-by-a-plane-crash-loved-to-the-grave-by-his-wife/|accessdate=2025-01-07|work=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baido, Danladi}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Baido, Danladi}} hrt1hhfdwo3qfvaj5e6149hxiwfn8ha Chijioke Stanislaus Okereke 0 61040 741441 580038 2026-10-24T00:00:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} '''Chijioke Stanislaus Okereke''' (amụrụ na 29 Machị 1981) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria na onye otu ụlọ nnọchi anya Naijiria nke iri na-anọchite anya ndị [[Aninri]] / [[Awgu]] / Oji River Mpaghara Federal na Enugu Steeti . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Abuchi|first=Joe|date=2024-08-18|title=Hon. Okereke condems kidnap of Health Technology's students in Oji River, seeks improved security - THE AUTHORITY NEWS|url=https://authorityngr.com/2024/08/18/hon-okereke-condems-kidnap-of-health-technologys-students-in-oji-river-seeks-improved-security/|accessdate=2024-12-23|work=THE AUTHORITY NEWS|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922022823/https://authorityngr.com/2024/08/18/hon-okereke-condems-kidnap-of-health-technologys-students-in-oji-river-seeks-improved-security/|archive-date=2024-09-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeola|first=Ridwan|date=2023-09-10|title=“We are determined": LP's Okereke reacts to tribunal's verdict which sacked him|url=https://www.legit.ng/politics/1553255-lp-house-reps-member-reacts-tribunal-fired-him/|accessdate=2024-12-23|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okereke, Chijioke}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] aytfw87gd588g6usxeki5zr5o1kjin8 Amin Azzam 0 66976 741457 674124 2026-10-24T00:13:03Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Wiki Education attends Dr. Amin Azzam's spring 2018 UCSF class 42 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Amin Azzam]]   '''Amin Azzam''' bụ prọfesọ na-ahụ maka ahụike America na ngalaba isi mgbaka na Mahadum California Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgwụ. Ọ bụkwa onye prọfesọ ụlọ ọgwụ na Mahadum California, Berkeley, onye bụbu onye isi ngalaba nke UC Berkeley – UCSF Mmemme ọgwụọgwụ jikọtara ọnụ, na onye bụbu onye isi nke usoro mmụta “Mmụta dabere na nsogbu” mmemme ahụ, <ref name="ucsf">{{Cite web|url=http://profiles.ucsf.edu/amin.azzam|title=Amin Azzam|publisher=University of California, San Francisco}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2014/05/04/san-francisco-company-aims-to-become-the-wikipedia-of-medicine/|title=San Francisco company aims to become the Wikipedia of medicine|author=Seipel|first=Tracy|work=The Mercury News|date=4 May 2014}}</ref> ma e wezụga ịbụ onye isi nke Mmemme mmụta meghere onye ọ bụla na ngalaba ntinye aka na ngalaba nhazi n’Osmosis nke Elsevier <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osmosis.org/editorial-board|title=Osmosis - Editorial Board|accessdate=2020-12-11|archivedate=2021-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525171017/https://www.osmosis.org/editorial-board}}</ref> A maara ya maka ịkụziri klas a họpụtara ahọpụta maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike afọ anọ nke mejupụtara kpamkpam dezie akụkọ [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] gbasara isiokwu ahụike. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/02/08/273680018/dr-wikipedia-the-double-edged-sword-of-crowd-sourced-medicine|title=Dr. Wikipedia: The 'Double-Edged Sword' Of Crowdsourced Medicine|author=NPR Staff|work=NPR.org}}</ref> O nwetara echiche ahụ site n'aka otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, Michael Turken, na 2012, ma nwee obi abụọ na mbụ, ma emesịa kwenye na ọ nwere ike ịbụ ezigbo echiche. O meziri klas ahụ na Turken. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qz.com/171162/americas-future-doctors-are-starting-their-careers-by-saving-wikipedia/|title=America's future doctors are starting their careers by saving Wikipedia|author=Feltman|first=Rachel|work=Quartz|date=28 January 2014}}</ref> <ref name="lat">{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-wikipedia-science-classes-adv-snap-story.html|title=College students take to Wikipedia to rewrite the wrongs of Internet science|author=Xia|first=Rosanna|work=Los Angeles Times|date=20 September 2016}}</ref> O buru ụzọ kụziri usoro ọmụmụ ọnwa na December 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/30/business/media/editing-wikipedia-pages-for-med-school-credit.html|title=Editing Wikipedia Pages for Med School Credit|author=Cohen|first=Noam|work=New York Times|date=29 September 2013}}</ref> Banyere klas ahụ, o kwuru, sị, "Ọ bụ akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta anyị na ọha mmadụ, dịka ndị dọkịta, na-enye aka na Wikipedia na ebe ndị ọzọ na-emeghe ohere n'ihi na ọ bụ ebe ahụ ka ụwa na-agụ banyere ozi ahụike." <ref name="lat" /> == Mmụta == Azzam nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Rochester na akara ugo mmụta ọgwụ ya na Mahadume Ọgwụ nke Virginia . <ref name="ucsf">{{Cite web|url=http://profiles.ucsf.edu/amin.azzam|title=Amin Azzam|publisher=University of California, San Francisco}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, o mezuru mmemme ọkachamara ya na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa uche ndị okenye n’Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mahadum California,San Francisco, wee nweta nzere masta na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadim California, Berkeley.<ref name="ucsf" /> * Ndepụta nke ndị Wikipedia == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Profaịlụ gọọmentị na [[University of California|UCSF]] * User pagenaWikipedia * Amin AzzamnaTwitter [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0ipsfj0538be04o21zb5qwll9qmwqmo Wikipedia Wayuu 0 73133 741458 596850 2026-10-24T00:13:04Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website|name={{Wiki favicon}} Wayuu Wikipedia|logo=Wikipedia-logo-v2-guc.svg|logo_size=85%|url={{URL|https://guc.wikipedia.org}}|commercial=No|type=[[Internet encyclopedia project]]|language=[[Wayuu language|Wayuu]]|registration=Optional|owner=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|launch_date={{start date and age|2023|02|27|df=yes}}|author=}} Wayuu [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] (''Wikipeetia süka wayuunaiki) bụ mbipụta Wikipedia n'asụsụ Wayuu. E mepụtara ya na 27 Febụwarị 2023. Ọrụ Wayuu Wikipedia dị na Wikimedia Incubator n'etiti 2008 na 2023 ma ndị na-akwado ndị Wayuu, ndị nkuzi, ndị prọfesọ, ndị nduzi na ndị ndu mepụtara ya site na nkwado nke Wayuu Digital Network.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-11|title=Activismo Lenguas - Wikipedia en Wayuunaiki (Wikiakuaipa)|url=https://rising.globalvoices.org/lenguas/2020/02/11/wikipedia-en-wayuunaiki-wikiakuaipa/|accessdate=2023-03-01|work=Activismo Digital de Lenguas Indígenas|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Gutemonik|date=2021-08-18|title=Wikipedia y Wikipeetia en comunidades Wayuú en la Guajira Colombo-Venezolana|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/es/2021/08/18/wikipedia-y-wikipeetia-en-comunidades-wayuu-en-la-guajira-colombo-venezolana/|accessdate=2023-03-01|work=Diff|language=es-ES}}</ref> N'August 2008, otu ndị na-akwado Venezuelan gosipụtara ọrụ Wikipedia na Wiktionary na Wayuu na kọmitii asụsụ nke Wikimedia Foundation. A kwadoro ọrụ abụọ a wee banye na Wikimedia Incubator. <ref>{{Cite web|author=leonfd1992|first=|date=2023-05-31|title=Wikipeetia süka wayuunaiki, un repositorio del conocimiento wayuu|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/es/2023/05/31/wikipeetia-suka-wayuunaiki-un-repositorio-del-conocimiento-wayuu/|accessdate=2023-05-31|work=Diff|language=es-ES}}</ref> == m == * 7 Ọgọstụ 2008: E mepụtara ọrụ Wayuu na Wikimedia Incubator. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wp/guc - Wikimedia Incubator|url=https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/guc|accessdate=2023-03-02|work=incubator.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> * 27 Febụwarị 2023: A malitere Wayuu Wikipedia na isiokwu 459. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://guc.wikipedia.org/ Wikipeetia] * [https://urosario.edu.co/revista-divulgacion-cientifica/cultura-y-sociedad/wikiakua-ipa-tejiendo-ancestralidad-en-wikipedia Wikiakua' ipa, na-akpa nna nna na Wikipedia] (na Revista de Divulgación Científica (2020), Colombia: Universidad del Rosario, peeji nke 44-47) &nbsp; r4eb62465e9bv0clsjrduzr62qf0vip Central Solomon 0 73561 741436 736651 2026-10-23T22:54:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741436 wikitext text/x-wiki   Asụsụ Central Solomon bụ asụsụ Papua anọ a na-asụ na steeti Solomon Islands. Asụsụ anọ ahụ, edepụtara site n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. * Bilua nke Vella Lavella na agwaetiti Ghizo, * [[Asụsụ Touo|Touo]] (nke a makwaara dị ka ''Baniata) '' nke Rendova Island, * Lavukaleve nke Russell Islands, na * Savosavo nke Savo Island. == Nchịkọta == Asụsụ anọ nke Central Solomon bụ nke [[Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist)|Wilhelm Schmidt]] chọpụtara dị ka ezinụlọ na 1908. Asụsụ ndị ahụ nwere njikọ chiri anya, ihe akaebe maka mmekọrịta ha pere mpe. Dunn na Terrill (2012) na-arụ ụka na ihe akaebe okwu na-apụ n'anya mgbe ewepụrụ okwu ndị a gbazitere n'Oceanic.<ref>Michael Dunn & Angela Terrill (2012) Assessing the lexical evidence for a Central Solomons Papuan family using the Oswalt Monte Carlo test. ''Diachronica'' 29:1–27.</ref> Ross (2005) na Pedrós (2015), Otú ọ dị, na-anabata njikọ, dabere na myirịta dị n'etiti nnọchiaha na ụdị ụtọ asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Pedrós (2015) na-atụ aro, n'ụzọ na-anwa, na alaka nke ezinụlọ dị ka ndị a: ; Solomọn nke etiti * Lavukaleve-[[Asụsụ Touo|Touo]] * Savosavo-Bilua Savosavo na Bilua, n'agbanyeghị na ha bụ asụsụ kachasị anya na mpaghara, ha abụọ kewara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya karịa Lavukaleve na Touo dị ka Pedrós si kwuo. Palmer (2018) na-ele ihe akaebe maka Central Solomons anya dị ka nnwale ma na-ekwe nkwa.<ref name="Palmer-LLNGA">{{Cite book|author=Palmer|first=Bill|editor=Palmer|date=2018|title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide|chapter=Language families of the New Guinea Area|series=The World of Linguistics|location=Berlin|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|pages=1–20|isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}</ref> Nnyocha kọmputa na-akpaghị aka (ASJP 4) nke Müller et al. (2013)<ref name="ASJP-4">Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220328164740/https://asjp.clld.org/static/WorldLanguageTree-004.zip ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013)]''.</ref> jikọtara [[Asụsụ Touo|Touo]], Savosavo, na Bilua ọnụ. A gụnyeghị Lavukaleve.<ref>See further information in the [[:es:Idioma lavukaleve|Lavukaleve language Spanish article]].</ref> Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na a na-emepụta nyocha ahụ na-akpaghị aka, ìgwè ahụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mgbazinye okwu ma ọ bụ ihe nketa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. == Nkọwapụta nke aha == Pedrós (2015) rụrụ ụka maka ịdị adị nke ezinụlọ site na iji nnọchiaha na okike ndị ọzọ, mmadụ na ọnụọgụgụ mee ihe, dabere na ịdị adị nke njikọta nkịtị n'etiti onye nke abụọ na-abụghị otu na nke gụnyere mmadụ niile. Ọ na-arụgharị n'ime maka ụdị nnọchiaha nke asụsụ ọ bụla, wee tụọ aro ka e wughachi ụfọdụ n'ime aha nke ezinụlọ a na-ekwu na ha bụ. Nhazigharị bụ ndị a: {| class="wikitable" ! !1 otu !2 otu !gụnyere / 2 na-abụghị otu<br /> !1 pụrụ iche |- |Tupu Savoy |*a-ɲi |*Mba |*m |a- |- |Tupu Touo |na-adị |Nkwado |*m |Na-adị |- |Tupu-Lavukaleve |*ŋai |*ŋnọ |*m |na |- |Tupu Bilua |*ani/*aŋai |*ŋnọ |Mụ onwe m |e- |- |'''Solomon nke etiti''' |*ani/*aŋai |*ŋnọ |*m |*e |} == Ọnụ ọgụgụ == Nọmba Solomon nke etiti site na Pedrós (2015): Dị ka ntụnyere na-egosi, ihe akaebe okwu maka njikọ nke asụsụ anọ ahụ pere mpe. == Ntụnyere nke okwu == Okwu ndị na-esonụ sitere na Tryon & Hackman (1982), dịka edepụtara na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://transnewguinea.org/family/centralsolomons|title=Central Solomons|work=TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea|author=Greenhill|first=Simon|date=2016|accessdate=2020-11-05}}</ref> Ihe ndekọ Savosavo sitere na ihe ndekọ Claudia Wegener.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://transnewguinea.org/language/savosavo|title=Savosavo|work=TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea|author=Greenhill|first=Simon|date=2016|accessdate=2020-11-05}}</ref> Okwu ndị e depụtara bụ nsụgharị yiri ibe ha, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-ekwu ma ha bụ ndị ikwu ma ọ bụ na ha abụghị. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ewepụta okwu ndị doro anya sitere n'asụsụ Oceanic (dịka batu, ''Vatu'' maka "isi", ''susu'' maka "obi"), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nwere ike ịbata n'ofe ụdị anọ a doro anya dị ala. == Nchịkọta okwu == Asụsụ niile nke Central Solomon nwere Usoro okwu SOV ma e wezụga Bilua, nke nwere Usoro okwu SVO n'ihi mmetụta Oceanic.<ref name="Stebbins-Island">{{Cite book|author=Stebbins|first=Tonya|editor=Palmer|date=2018|title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide|chapter=The Papuan languages of Island Melanesia|series=The World of Linguistics|location=Berlin|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|pages=775–894|isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}</ref> == Njikọ na ntụaka == === Hụkwa === * Asụsụ ndị Papua * Asụsụ Temotu, Oceanic mana nwere mmetụta siri ike nke Papua Asụsụ Reefs-Santa Cruz ** Asụsụ ndị dị n'elu ugwu === Akwụkwọ === * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ọdịdị Phylogenetics na Nrụzigharị nke Akụkọ Asụsụ Ochie''. Science magazine, 23 Septemba 2005, Mpịakọta. 309, peeji nke 2072. * Greenhill, Simon J. & Robert Forkel. (2019). lexibank/tryonsolomon: Solomon Islands Languages (Version v3.0) [Data set]. Zenodo :  * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Arụmụka ọhụrụ maka ezinụlọ Central Solomons dabere na ihe akaebe sitere na morphemes pronominal". Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 54, Nke 2 (358-395). * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "È nwere East Papuan phylum? Ihe akaebe sitere na nnọchiaha", na The boy from Bundaberg. Ọmụmụ asụsụ Melanesian iji sọpụrụ Tom Dutton, ed. site n'aka Andrew Pawley, Malcolm Ross na Darrell Tryon: 301-322. Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nkọwa dị ka nchọpụta mbụ maka ịhazi asụsụ Papuan", na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọdịbendị, asụsụ na akụkọ ihe dị ndụ nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Papuan, ed. site n'aka Andrew Pawley, Robert Attenborough, Robin Hide na Jack Golson: 15-65. Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific. === Edensibia === {{Reflist}} === Njikọ mpụga === * [http://transnewguinea.org/family/centralsolomons Central Solomons asụsụ nchekwa data na TransNewGuinea.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260214140104/https://abvd.eva.mpg.de/austronesian/classification.php?node=Central%20Solomons Ndepụta okwu nke Central Solomons] (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database) [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aqxbdoix7ea6vuq7gaxg62idk7q0yan African feminism 0 75982 741459 697758 2026-10-24T00:13:04Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741459 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles 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/><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /> [[Faịlụ:Africa_(satellite_image).jpg|thumb|Foto Satellite nke kọntinent Afrịka.]] Feminizim Afrịka gụnyere echiche na mmegharị ndị na-elekwasị anya kpọmkwem na ahụmịhe na mkpa ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka bi na kọntinent Afrịka (ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka ndị bi na…)… [[Afrịka|Kọntinent Afrịka]]). Site n'echiche ọdịda anyanwụ, echiche na mmegharị ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru akara nchebe nke Feminism, mana nkewa a na-eduhie ọtụtụ alaka nke "feminism" Africa. Ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka anọwo na ọgụ gbasara nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị kemgbe ogologo oge tupu aha “feminizim Afrịka” sitere n’echiche ọdịda anyanwụ apụta, ma a na-elegharakarị akụkọ ihe mere eme a anya. N’agbanyeghị nkọwa a, ibe a ga-eji okwu “feminizim” kpọọ echiche na mmegharị Afrịka iji dabara n’otu netwọkụ dị mkpa nke… [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] na ụmụ nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ (dị ka [[Feminism in Sweden|ụmụ nwanyị na Sweden]], ụmụ nwanyị na India, ụmụ nwanyị na Mexico, ụmụ nwanyị na Japan, ụmụ nwanyị dị na Germany, na ụmụ nwanyị na South Africa). N'ihi na Afrịka abụghị otu ihe, ọ dịghị otu echiche ma ọ bụ mmegharị nke ụmụ nwanyị na-egosipụta ahụmahụ niile ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nwere. A na-ejikọta echiche ụmụ nwanyị Africa mgbe ụfọdụ, na mkparịta ụka, ma ọ bụ na-emegide Black Feminism ma ọ bụ African feminism (nke a na-ahụ dịka ihe ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka bi na mba ọzọ mepụtara ma bụrụkwa maka ha, kama ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka bi na kọntinent ahụ ma ọ bụ ndị si na ya pụta nso nso a). Ibe a na-akọwa ụkpụrụ izugbe nke feminizim Afrịka, echiche dị iche iche, na ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke mmegharị na echiche feminizim n’obodo Afrịka dị iche iche.. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == === Ọganihu nke African Feminism === Ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka [[Gabeba Baderoon]] na Alicia C. Decker na-ekwu na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka bụ ndị inyom mbụ. A na-ewere ndị dị ka [[Nana Asma’u|Nana Asma'u]], nwa eze nwanyị Afrịka nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, na òtù Yan Taru ya iji nye ụmụ nwanyị ike ma kụziere ha ihe na Caliphate Sokoto dị ka ndị na-ebute ụzọ na ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a n'Africa. Ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka etinyelarị aka nke ukwuu na World Conference on Women, 1985 <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Swaim-Fox|first=Callan|date=2018-11-01|title=Decade for Women Information Resources #5Images of Nairobi, Reflections and Follow-Up, International Women's Tribune Center|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=296–308|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176450|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> ma anọwo ogologo oge na-amata ma na-enwe ekele maka onyinye onye ọ bụla nyere. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Busia|first=Abena P. A.|date=2018-11-01|title=Creating the Archive of African Women's WritingReflecting on Feminism, Epistemology, and the Women Writing Africa Project|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=233–245|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176406|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ kwenyere na feminizim Afrịka bụ ihe ọhụrụ pụtara n’oge a; nzaghachi nye adịghị ike ndị dị na echiche feminizim ọdịda anyanwụ bụ isi. N'agbanyeghi mmalite ya, ụmụ nwanyị Africa abụghị naanị nzaghachi maka iwepụ nwanyị Africa na ọhụụ ụmụ nwanyị ọcha. Ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka enweela ọgụgụ isi na ọchịchọ ịmepụta ngosipụta nke ụmụ nwanyị nke na-anabata nzụlite na ahụmịhe nke ha. African femism gụnyere ọtụtụ echiche na mmegharị nke na-ekwupụta eziokwu nke ụmụ nwanyị na mba Africa dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agi.ac.za/sites/agi.ac.za/files/features_-_african_feminism_in_the_21st_century-_a_reflection_on_ugandagcos_victories_battles_and_reversals.pdf|title=African feminism in context: Reflections on the legitimation battles, victories and reversals|author=Ahikire|first=Josephine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802051528/http://agi.ac.za/sites/agi.ac.za/files/features_-_african_feminism_in_the_21st_century-_a_reflection_on_ugandagcos_victories_battles_and_reversals.pdf|archivedate=2016-08-02}}</ref> A na-edozi mkpa ụmụ nwanyị, eziokwu, mmegbu, na ike site na nghọta zuru oke na nke na-anabata ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ya yana ihe ndị pụrụ iche na àgwà otu na nkọwa onwe onye dị ka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":1"/> [[Naomi Nkealah]] African feminism “na-agba mbọ ịmepụta nwanyị Afrịka ọhụrụ nke nwere nnwere onwe, na-arụpụta ihe, ma bụrụkwa onye nwere ntụkwasị obi n’onwe ya n’ime omenala dị iche iche nke Afrịka. Feminism n’Afrịka, n’ikpeazụ, na-achọ ịgbanwe omenala n’ụzọ ọ na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị n’obodo dị iche iche.”. "<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Nkealah|first=Naomi|title=Conceptualizing Feminism(s) in Africa: The Challenges Facing African Women Writers and Critics|publisher=English Academy Review|year=2006|pages=133–141}}</ref> N'otu oge ahụ, Africa abụghị otu ihe. N'ihi nke a, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta akatọwo echiche nke "ndị inyom Afrịka". E nwere ọdịiche mpaghara, agbụrụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na okpukpe nke na-emetụta otú ụmụ nwanyị si ghọta ihe ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe dị maka ha. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pereira|first=Charmaine|date=2018-11-01|title=Beyond the SpectacularContextualizing Gender Relations in the Wake of the Boko Haram Insurgency|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=246–268|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176417|issn=1536-6936}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ouguir|first=Aziza|date=2018-11-01|title=Reflecting on Feminisms in Africa: A Conversation from Morocco|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=269–278|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176428|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka si, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa na Senegal ga-enwe ihe ụfọdụ yiri ya, a ga-enwe ọdịiche n'ụzọ ha si aghọta ọgụ nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":1" /> Ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka dị iche iche na-ahụ ma na-enwe ahụmịhe ụwa n’ụzọ dị nnọọ iche iche. A ghaghị ịnakwere ma kwanyere ọdịiche ndị a ùgwù, kama ịgbalị ijikọta ụmụ nwanyị niile n’okpuru atụmanya na-adịghị adị adị nke ịbụ ụmụnne nwanyị ọnụ n’ụwa niile..<ref name=":1" /> Otú ọ dị, e nwekwara ihe jikọrọ ya na ọgụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu n'ụwa niile. Ihe a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe ùgwù nwoke.<ref name=":1" /> Nwanyị Afrịka nke oge a siri ike, nwere ọgụgụ isi, ma nwee ike ịnagide. Ọ na-achọ ịmepụta ohere ọhụrụ maka ọgbọ nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka ga-abịa n'azụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Orakwue|first=Amaka|date=19 March 2018|title=What is African Feminism?|language=en-US|work=Urban Woman Magazine|url=https://urbanwomanmag.com/what-is-african-feminism/|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na Ghana na-enye aka Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị (feminists) na-enye aka n’ọrụ ndị a site n’iji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya (social media) gbanwee mkparịta ụka ọha gbasara feminizim. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta akpọọla ka a na-elebakwu anya n'echiche ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka maka ọrụ mmekọahụ, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yingwana|first=Ntokozo|date=2018-11-01|title="We Fit in the Society by Force"Sex Work and Feminism in Africa|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=279–295|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176439|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> mgbagwoju anya nke onye nzọpụta ọcha, ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị Afríku, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=George|first=Abosede|date=2018-11-01|title=Saving Nigerian GirlsA Critical Reflection on Girl-Saving Campaigns in the Colonial and Neoliberal Eras|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=309–324|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176461|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'usuu ndị agha, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mougoué|first=Jacqueline-Bethel Tchouta|date=2018-11-01|title=Gender and (Militarized) Secessionist Movements in Africa: An African Feminist's Reflections|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=338–358|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176483|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> ọrụ ubi na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Makana|first=Selina|date=2018-11-01|title=Contested EncountersToward a Twenty-First-Century African Feminist Ethnography|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=361–375|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176516|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Musangi|first=Neo Sinoxolo|date=2018-11-01|title=Homing with My Mother / How Women in My Family Married Women|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=401–414|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176549|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> oge, [4] na echiche ndị na-eme ihe ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=McFadden|first=Patricia|date=2018-11-01|title=ContemporaritySufficiency in a Radical African Feminist Life|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=415–431|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176560|issn=1536-6936}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Moraa|first=Anne|date=2018-11-01|title=Smoke Is Everywhere, but No One Is RunningA Kenyan Activist Speaks Out|journal=Meridians|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=325–330|doi=10.1215/15366936-7176472|issn=1536-6936}}</ref> === Nsogbu na Western Feminism === Dị ka echiche, emeghị ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii Afrịka chee echiche. Ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụmụ nwanyị, echiche ndị ọcha, ewepụla ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka. ụmụ nwanyị ọcha a enweghị ike ịkọwa nsogbu ndị inyom ojii na-eche ihu na njikọ nke ma ndị ojii na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọzọkwa, ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-ekewa ụmụ nwanyị Africa dị ka "ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara," nke na-eleghara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa na ahụmịhe pụrụ iche anya.<ref name=":0"/> Na "White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood," Hazel Carby na-ekwu na ndị ọcha na-anwa ịnagide ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị niile. Ọ na-ede, "Akụkọ ihe mere eme eme eme eme ewulitela mmekọahụ anyị na ịbụ nwanyị anyị dị ka ndị na-esi n'àgwà ndị e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, dị ka ihe nrite nke ụwa ọdịda anyanwụ, nweta. " Otú ọ dị, ụmụ nwanyị ọcha enweghị ike ihichapụ Africa ma ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa site na echiche ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ nkwado ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Carby|first=Hazel|title=Black British Cultural Studies: A Reader|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996|isbn=9780226144801|editor=Houston A. Baker, Jr.|chapter=White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of sisterhood|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceev2zRrKBgC&q=black+feminism+and+white+feminism&pg=PA61}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, feminizim ndị ọcha enweghị ike ihichapụ Afrịka ma ọ bụ ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka n’ozizi feminizim ma ọ bụ n’ịkwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị. Afrịka bụ Kọntinent Nne nke mmadụ niile, ya mere akụkọ ndụ na ahụmịhe ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka ga-anọgide bụrụ ihe dị mkpa mgbe niile.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=Acholonu Obianuju|first=Catherine|title=Motherism: The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism|publisher=Afa Publications|year=1995}}</ref> Ụdị mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị bụ nzaghachi ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ndị isi nna na-anwa igbochi ha n'ụlọ.<ref name=":11">{{Citation |title=The Dangers of Western Feminism to African Women {{!}} Elma Akob {{!}} TEDxUniversityofPretoria | date=13 May 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EbiVAfoGmo |access-date=2023-05-06 |language=en}}</ref> Mana ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọcha a, ọkachasị ndị inyom na-elekọta ụlọ, enweela nnukwu ihe ùgwù na nnwere onwe ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii na kọntinent ahụ.<ref name=":11" /> N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị Afrịka ibe ha ewepụla ụmụ nwanyị ha ma jiri ha mee ihe n'ụzọ dị nro site n'aka ndị na-achị ala na ndị na-eme ọchịchị ọhụrụ. N'ịbụ ndị na-eche nsogbu ndị dị ka igbu ọkpụkpụ ụmụ nwanyị, Alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka, na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ zuru ebe niile ihu, ụmụ nwanyị ojii Afrịka aghaghị ịlụ ọgụ maka ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha n'ebe ndị dị ka United States na Europe.<ref name=":11" /> Ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a esila pụọ na ụmụ nwanyị ọcha ma gaa na [[Intersectionality]]. Nke a bụ mmezi karịa ịdị ọcha kpamkpam nke echiche mbụ banyere feminizim, ma mgbanwe a ka ezughị iji mechie ọdịiche dị n’etiti ahụmịhe ụmụnwaanyị ọcha na ụmụnwaanyị ojii Afrịka. N’ihi mmegide na ịkpapụ a, ọtụtụ ụmụnwaanyị Afrịka na-enwekarị mgbagha ịkpọ onwe ha feminists, ọbụlagodi na ha kwadoro ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi n’ihe gbasara okike nwoke na nwanyị.i. Elma Akob, onye ọkà mmụta Cameroon, kwuru Okwu TEDx nke 2022 na-atụ aro na ọdịda anyanwụ ụmụ nwanyị ekwekọghị na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụkpụrụ, na ọdịbendị Afrịka. Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịda anyanwụ ụmụ nwanyị nke ugbu a dabere na echiche nke onye ọ bụla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nwere ike ịjụ ajụjụ a: Olee otú m ga-esi wepụ onwe m na mmegbu? N'ụzọ dị iche, ọtụtụ obodo ndị Afrịka dabeere n'echiche nke "anyị" <ref name=":11" /> N'ọnọdụ obodo a, ajụjụ ka mma nwere ike ịbụ: Olee otú anyị ga-esi nye onwe anyị ike ọnụ? Maka Akob, nsogbu kachasị mkpa na ụmụ nwanyị bụ na ọ naghị aghọta na ụmụ nwanyị bi n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-eche ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche ihu. Nkwụsi ike nke echiche ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ pụtara na ụmụ nwanyị na-anabataghị ọdịnala, ma na-eleda ụmụ nwanyị na'ahọrọ ọrụ ọdịnala anya.<ref name=":11" /> Ya mere, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ọ gaghị adaba maka Africa, mana nke a apụtaghị na ụmụ nwanyị Africa ga-anabata nna ochie. Kama nke ahụ, Akob na-atụ aro Womanism dị ka ihe ọzọ maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii Africa.<ref name=":11" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị na-elekwasị anya na nha nhata nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị. [[Faịlụ:Awa_Thiam.jpg|thumb|Awa Thiam, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọkà mmụta na-eme ihe ike na Senegal.]] N'ihi nsogbu ndị a na ọdịda anyanwụ ụmụ nwanyị, ọtụtụ ndị ikom na ndị inyom Afrịka atụkwasịghị ya obi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Kolawole|first=Mary Modupe|date=January 2002|title=Transcending incongruities: Rethinking feminism and the dynamics of identity in Africa|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10130950.2002.9676183|journal=Agenda|volume=17|issue=54|pages=92–98|doi=10.1080/10130950.2002.9676183}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ Afrịka ya na-ahụ ya dịka naanị usoro ọchịchị ndị ọcha ọzọ sitere na ọdịda anyanwụ nke na-erigbu ndị mmadụ. N’eziokwu, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ ọgụ maka ịdị nha n’etiti nwoke na nwanyị n’Afrịka akpọbeghị onwe ha “ndị feminizim.”". Maka ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka, àgwà maka akara "feminism" amụbaala na-anabatawanye oge.<ref name=":1"/> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye edemede Ghana Ama Ata Aidoo kwenyere na mbụ na otu ọ bụla a kpọrọ femism ga-emerụ naanị ụlọ na ndụ ezinụlọ ndị Afrịka, mana o gosipụtara nguzo dị mma na akara a na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke 1991 Changes . <ref name=":1" /> Ndị ọzọ, dị ka [[Buchi Emecheta]], [[Molara Ogundipe]], [[Micere Githae Mugo]], [[Amina Mama]], na [[Obioma Nnaemeka]], anabatala ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị, ka ha na-emekwa ka o doo anya na ha na-echekwa onwe ha na-eji "feminism" eme ihe n'Africa.<ref name=":1" /> N’iche dị iche na feminizim ndị ọcha nke ọdịda anyanwụ, mmegharị ọ bụla n’Afrịka maka ịha nhatanha n’ihe gbasara okike nwoke na nwanyị ga-elebara ọnọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala pụrụ iche dị n’Afrịka anya ka o wee baa uru. Karịsịa, ụdị ọ bụla nke “feminizim” Afrịka ga-elebara ihe ndị a anya…ihe Awa Thiam na-akpọ ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ: ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na-emeso mmegbu nna ochie n'ihi mmekọahụ ha, mmegbu nke ndị isi obodo n'ihi ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ha na akụ na ụba, na ọchịchị ha n'ihi agbụrụ ha na ọnọdụ ala ha ụwa ndịda ụwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Guy-Sheftall|first=Beverly|date=2003|title=African Feminist Discourse: A Review Essay|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4548092|journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity|issue=58|pages=31–36|issn=1013-0950}}</ref> N’ezie, mkparịta ụka ndị a gosiri mkpa ọ dị ịnwe echiche gbasara okike na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị nke Afrịka nke dị iche iche dịka kọntinent Afrịka n’onwe ya. Ma echiche na a ga-enwe okwu ma ọ bụ usoro echiche Afrịka gbasara mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị a kpọrọ “feminizim” pụrụ ịbụ naanị nsogbu nke mkpụrụokwu ndị echiche ọdịda anyanwụ metụtara. Ọ bụ nghọtahie iche na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka enweghị ogologo akụkọ banyere ịchịkọta onwe ha ma ọ bụ ịlụ ọgụ gbasara okwu mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":1"/> Akụkọ a nwere ike ọ gaghị akpọ "feminism," mana ọ na-agụnye ọgụ dị iche iche gbasara nwoke na nwanyị nke dị n'akụkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị yiri nke ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na-atụ anya ịhazi.<ref name=":1" /> N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, okwu ahụ bụ "African femism" na-ekwekọghị na ọgụ iji nweta nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ihe ịma aka ndị a kapịrị ọnụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Africa.<ref name=":1" /> Ọnọdụ nke Africa na-echetara anyị na ụmụ nwanyị abụghị otu nha-ihe niile, nakwa na echiche ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ anaghị emetụta mgbe niile, ma ọ bụ n'aha ma ọ bụ na echiche. === Nchịkwa na Ọchịchị Ndị Bishọp === Ụkpụrụ nke Colonial roots nke enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị n'Africa na-egosi na Ịgba ohu na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bụ mmalite nke enweghị nhatị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka. N'ógbè tupu ọchịchị ndị eze, ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nwere ọkwá dị elu, na-enye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba n'etiti ndị nna site n'ịchịkwa ndị òtù ezinụlọ na-eto eto ma na-etinye aka na azụmahịa mba ụwa. Dị ka Ada Uzoamaka Azodo si kwuo, ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị n'ime obodo ndị Afrịka na-achị achị na-akwado.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|author=Azodo|first=Ada Uzoamaka|authorlink=Ada Uzoamaka Azodo|date=Fall–Winter 1997|title=Issues in African Feminism: A Syllabus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_womens-studies-quarterly_fall-winter-1997_25_3-4/page/201|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|volume=25|issue=3/4|pages=201–207}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala ọzọ ka ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka si n'ọnọdụ "ike na ọbụbụeze onwe onye" gaa na "onye enyemaka mmadụ".<ref name=":10" /> Na ọdịbendị Edo na Yoruba, nne eze bụ utu aha nsọpụrụ maka nne eze ma ọ bụ nwanyị nweere onwe ya nwere ọnọdụ a ma ama. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị a, site n'enyemaka nke ndị nwe aha, ga-eduzi nzukọ. Dị ka akụkọ ifo Yoruba [[Ndi Haụsa|Ndị Hausa]] si kwuo, ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị nwedịrị utu aha eze. Otú ọ dị, n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 20, nna ochie na ọchịchị ndị eze mebiri ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na ọha mmadụ. Ndị isi nwanyị tụfuru ike ha ka ndị isi nwoke malitere iso ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala na-ekwurịta okwu. Echiche ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa banyere nna ochie nke na-akwalite echiche nke ịdabere na ụmụ nwoke na-agbakọta na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na akụ na ụba nke obodo ndị a na-achị achị n'Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Anunobi|first=Fredoline|date=Fall 2002|title=Women and Development in Africa: From Marginalization to Gender Inequality|url=https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=assr|journal=African Social Science Review|volume=2|pages=2}}</ref> === Ụmụ nwanyị Africa na Mmekọahụ === Akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-agbasa n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ. [[Stella Nyanzi]] na-ede: “Ndị feminizim Afrịka kewara nke ukwuu, ebe ọtụtụ n’ime ha na-ajụ ịma aka heterosexism na homophobia n’ọrụ ha na-alụso patriaki ọgụ. … Naanị ole na ole n’ime ndị feminizim Afrịka na-eso echiche radical na-eleba anya n’ihe gbasara heteronormativity, ebe obere otu ndị feminizim queer Afrịka na-etinye n’ọrụ nghọta na-abụghị nke siri ike ma ọ bụ nke a kpụrụ akpụ, nke na-ahụ okike dịka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-asọpụrụ ịdị iche, kama ịrapara n’echiche abụọ a kapịrị ọnụ nke nwoke na nwanyị, ma ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị dị ka naanị ụdị abụọ nke okike.” " === Ọrụ ụmụ nwoke na African Feminism === African Feminism na-agba mbọ inweta nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị, ọ bụghị iji merie ụmụ nwoke. Maka ụfọdụ ndị nọ na kọntinent ahụ, okwu ''ụmụ nwanyị'' abụrụla ihe na-ezighi ezi na-egosi otu ndị na-emegide ụmụ nwoke, ndị na-egbochi ọdịbendị, na ndị na-emebi okpukpe.<ref name=":2"/> N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na'ihe gbasara okike na ime ihe. Ọtụtụ alaka nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa kwetara na ụmụ nwoke na-eche ihe isi ike nke ha ihu, na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụmụ nwoke bụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke inweta mgbanwe.<ref name=":1"/> N'ezie, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eme iwu ugbu a n'ofe kọntinent ahụ bụ ụmụ nwoke, ndị inyom Afrịka chọrọ nkwado ụfọdụ site n'aka ndị a iji nweta ala na mgbanwe iwu.<ref name=":1" /> Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na-etinye nnukwu uru na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ezinụlọ, ụkpụrụ ndị a na-akpali imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụmụ nwoke n'idozi nsogbu okike.<ref name=":1" /> Ọrụ ụmụ nwoke Afrịka na ụmụ nwanyị na-adabere na ebe, gburugburu ebe obibi, na echiche onwe onye. === Islam na African Feminism === Ụmụ nwanyị [[Àlakụ̀ba|Alakụba]] nwekwara ihe jikọrọ ya na mmepe nke echiche ụmụ nwanyị Africa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lewis|first=Desiree|date=2001|title=Introduction: African Feminisms|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4066401|journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity|issue=50|pages=4–10|issn=1013-0950}}</ref> N'ihi na Islam bụ okpukpe na-achịkwa n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Afrịka, ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka ga-eburu n'uche ụfọdụ mgbagwoju anya nke echiche na usoro nna ochie nke nwere ike iso omume ya. Maka ihe ndị ọzọ, biko lee ibe Wikipedia nke Islamism. == Ụkpụrụ nke African Feminism == E mepụtala ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ feminizim Afrịka dị iche iche iji zaa ahụmịhe ụmụnwaanyị dị iche iche, gbagwojuru anya, ma dịkwa iche iche n’ofe kọntinent Afrịka. === Ụkpụrụ Ndị Inyom nke Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka === Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka nwere ọdịnala bara ọgaranya nke echiche [[Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị|ụmụ nwanyị]].<sup>[1]</sup> N'isiokwu ya, "West African Feminisms and Their Challenges," Naomi Nkealah na-atụle ụdị dị iche iche nke African feminms.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/02564718.2016.1198156|title=(West) African Feminisms and Their Challenges|journal=Journal of Literary Studies|volume=32|issue=2|pages=61–74|year=2016|author=Nkealah|first=Naomi}}</ref> Nke mbụ, ọ na-ezo aka na ụmụ nwanyị, nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa, n'ihi na ọ metụtara ụmụ nwanyị Africa nke diaspora ọ bụghị ụmụ nwanyị Africa.<ref name=":0"/> Nke abụọ, ọ na-ele anya na Stiwanism, nke na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka ma gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ ike na ahụmịhe dị iche iche na eziokwu nke ụmụ nwanyị Afríku.<ref name=":0" /> Nke atọ, ọ na-ele Motherism anya, ụdị nne nke ụmụ nwanyị nke na-ahụ [[ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo]] ka ha na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke ịzụlite ọha mmadụ.<ref name=":0" /> Nke anọ, ọ na-ele anya na femalism, nke na-etinye ahụ nwanyị n'etiti mkparịta ụka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":0" /> N'ikpeazụ, ọ na-ele anya na nego-feminism na snail-sense femism, nke na-agba ume itinye ụmụ nwoke n'okwu ụmụ nwanyị iji nweta nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":0" /> Ụdị ụmụ nwanyị ndị a nwere ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ha. Nke mbụ, ha niile na-ama akara ọdịda anyanwụ "feminism," aka na-eweta ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka n'ihu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Nkealah|first=Naomi|year=2016|title=(West) African Feminisms and Their Challenges|journal=Journal of Literary Studies|volume=32|issue=2|pages=61–74|doi=10.1080/02564718.2016.1198156}}</ref> Nke abụọ, n'ihi na ha na-adabere na ụkpụrụ ụmụ amaala, ha na-ewere akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị nke ndị Afrịka iji mepụta ngwá ọrụ ndị dị mkpa iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee obi ike ma kụziere ụmụ nwoke.<ref name=":0" /> Nke atọ, ha na-etinye "ntinye nwoke na nwanyị, imekọ ihe ọnụ, na ebe obibi iji hụ na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke na-enye aka (ọbụlagodi na ọ bụghị n'otu) iji melite ọnọdụ ihe onwunwe nke ụmụ nwanyị. "<ref name=":0" /> === Ụkpụrụ Ndị inyom nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka === ==== Oge Ọchịchị Ndị Na-achị ==== Alaeze Ukwu ndị na-achị ala ọzọ webatara usoro nke a na-erigbu ndị ikom na ndị inyom n'Afrịka, ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-elekọta ngalaba ọrụ ugbo.<ref name=":03">{{Citation |last=Prazak |first=Miroslava |title=Women, Gender, and Sexuality in East Africa |date=2020-05-29 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-142 |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.142 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-emepụta ihe, ma ndị ikom jiri ikike ha chịkwaa ala, ọrụ nke ndị nwunye ha na ego ha nwetara iji nweta ego maka onwe ha.<ref name=":03" /> N'ihe gbasara ngalaba gọọmentị, ụmụ nwoke nwere uru na ohere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị karịa ụmụ nwanyị. Ndị Europe na-achị ala ahụ tinyere ikike nke ụmụ nwoke n'elu ụmụ nwanyị ma mepụta gọọmentị ime obodo niile na ụmụ amaala Etiopia, na-eme ka ọdịnala na iwu omenala sie ike na nchịkwa ụmụ nwoke.<ref name=":03" /> Iji gbapụ n’okirikiri a nke ụmụ nwoke na-achị, naanị nhọrọ ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ nwere bụ ịhapụ ime obodo ebe e mechibidoro nkà ha. Otú ọ dị, n’ihi ọchịchị ụmụ nwoke, e tinyere ọtụtụ mgbochi n’ahụ ụmụ nwanyị iji gbochie ha ịpụ; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị isi ọdịnala jụrụ ikwe ka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye kwaga obodo ọzọ, ma ha nwekwara ike izighachi ha azụ n’ime obodo ha.ha. Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka kemgbe ọchịchị ndị eze na-achị achị na-eche nsogbu nke enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị ihu, igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị na ikike mmekọahụ na ịmụ nwa. Ndụ ha agbanweela site na iwu ndị e debere n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị ma gbanweekwa mmepe nke East Africa. Ha enyewo aka na ọrụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ na nke a na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ na usoro mmepụta na ndị isi na ahịa ọrụ ugbo, na-emepụta ihe karịrị pasent 70 nke nri mpaghara ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ụmụ nwoke ka nwere uru, na-eji "omenala ma ọ bụ ọdịnala ọdịnala" dị ka ụzọ isi mụbaa ike ha, na-ahapụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka dị ka ndị ka nta. Maka nwanyị ịnwa inwe otu ohere ndị a, ọ dị mkpa ka a mụọ ha n'ezinụlọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ụmụ nwanyị si n'ezinụlọ ndị a ma ama nwere ike inweta agụmakwụkwọ ma zụlite ọrụ ha. Inweta ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba ha. Ihe atụ nke nwanyị East Africa nke jiri agụmakwụkwọ ya gbapụ na mgbochi nke East Africa, ga-abụ Wangari Maathi si Kenya. Maathi bụ nwanyị mbụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Central Africa iji nweta nzere doctorate ma guzobe Green Belt Movement otu nzukọ iji nye ụmụ nwanyị ike "ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ma melite ndụ ha".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who We Are {{!}} The Green Belt Movement|url=https://www.greenbeltmovement.org/who-we-are|accessdate=2025-04-18|work=www.greenbeltmovement.org|language=en}}</ref> Taa, ụmụ nwanyị East Africa na-alụ ọgụ maka ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị, na òtù na-alụso okwu ndị dị ka igbu ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ ma na-abawanye nnọchiteanya ụmụ nwanyị na gọọmentị. Mpaghara UN Women's Eastern and Southern Africa (ESAR) na-agbanwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị na gọọmentị ha, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ohere ndị ọzọ ịtụ vootu, ghọọ ndị ọrụ a họpụtara ahọpụta ma na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eastern and Southern Africa|url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/eastern-and-southern-africa_africa|accessdate=2025-04-18|work=UN Women – Africa|language=en}}</ref>Dị ka UN Women si kwuo: “Ka ọ na-erule Disemba 2020, mpaghara East na Southern Africa (ESA) dekọtara ọkwa kachasị elu nke nnọchite ụmụnwaanyị n’ụlọ omeiwu n’ime mpaghara Sub-Saharan Africa, ruru 32%. Ọnụọgụ a karịrị nkezi ụwa niile nke 24.5%. Karịsịa, mba anọ dị na ESA—Rwanda (61%), South Africa (46%), Namibia (42%), na Mozambique (41%)—so na mba iri abụọ na ise kachasị elu n’ụwa niile n’ihe gbasara pasent kacha ukwuu nke ụmụnwaanyị n’ụlọ omeiwu, ma ha niile agafela akara 40% nke a na-ewere dịka nhatanha okike (gender balance).” === Ụkpụrụ Ndị inyom nke North Africa === ==== Oge Ọchịchị Ndị Na-achị ==== Oge ọchịchị ndị ọzọ na North Africa bụ nke ndị Arab si Arab Peninsula, ndị French na ndị Britain. Ọchịchị ndị a na-achị ala na-ekwusi ike na mmegbu dabere na nwoke na nwanyị, "omume ndị France na-achị na Algeria (1830-1962), Tunisia (1881-1956), na Southern Morocco (1912-1956), n'akụkụ ndị Itali bi na Libya (1911-1951), ndị Spain na-echebe na Morocco (1912-1958) na nchịkwa ndị Britain na Egypt (1882-1956) na Sudan (1890-1953), bụ ndị a na'iji usoro eme ihe ike; site na ndina n'ike na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ ruo na mkpọsa ikpughe na mmemme ịgba akwụna. "<ref name=":13">{{Citation |last1=Salhi |first1=Zahia Smail |chapter=North African Women and Colonialism |date=2021 |title=The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies |pages=1151–1167 |editor-last=Yacob-Haliso |editor-first=Olajumoke |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_172 |access-date=2025-04-18 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_172 |isbn=978-3-030-28098-7 |last2=Bougherira |first2=Meriem |editor2-last=Falola |editor2-first=Toyin|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Na Algeria na-achị, ndị France jiri ụmụ nwanyị Algeria mee ihe iji mee ka atụmatụ ha bụrụ nke iwu kwadoro ma kwalite mmemme mmetọ, nke a na-etinye na atụmatụ: "merie ụmụ nwanyị, ndị ọzọ ga-eso". Dị ka akụkụ nke mmegbu a, ndị France guzobere ụlọ ndị akwụna n'ofe North Africa, ebe nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-agba akwụna dị ka ụzọ isi dịrị ndụ. N'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ mmegbu ndị a, a makwaara ụmụ nwanyị Algeria maka nguzogide siri ike ha. Ọtụtụ ndị na-emegide ọchịchị ndị na-achị ala ọzọ ma ọbụna bụrụ ndị isi na ọgụ ahụ. Otu ihe atụ a ma ama bụ Lalla Fatma N'Soumer, onye kpọkọtara ma ndị ikom ma ndị inyom na nnupụisi a ma ama megide mwakpo ndị France wakporo mpaghara Kabyle.<ref name=":13" /> Taa, ọ na-eguzo dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke idu ndú nwanyị, ihe nketa ya na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ụmụ nwanyị Algeria n'ọgụ ha na-aga nke ọma megide nna ochie. [[Faịlụ:Tetouan-haraka-nisaiya.jpg|thumb|Ụmụ nwanyị so na Istiqlal Party na Tetouan, 11 Jenụwarị 1944]] In Morocco, similarly to Algeria and other North African countries, women were already active in fighting against the French and other Europeans. However, unlike French Algeria, French Morocco allowed some sort of autonomy, allowing the traditional system to exist besides the established French government. Despite this Moroccans were dissatisfied with the French practices and "prevalent inequities, poverty and oppression". Causing there to be a rise of Moroccan nationalism after the First World War, some women joined the armed resistance with their male relatives and others stayed away from the conflict and supported the war effort from home. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mgbalị ụmụ nwanyị na North Africa laghachiri na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ma ndị ikom ma ndị inyom etinyela aka na ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a na North Africa, na-arụ ọrụ iji weghachite ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Otu n'ime ndị a ma ama na North Africa bụ onye na-eme ihe ike n'Ijipt Huda Shaarawi, onye mmetụta ya gafere Ijipt ma kpalie ọgbọ nke ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ 1923, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Egyptian Feminist Union .<ref name=":22">{{Citation |last=Ennaji |first=Moha |chapter=Women, Social Movements and Political Activism in North Africa |date=2021 |title=The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies |pages=1347–1363 |editor-last=Yacob-Haliso |editor-first=Olajumoke |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_4 |access-date=2025-04-19 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_4 |isbn=978-3-030-28098-7 |editor2-last=Falola |editor2-first=Toyin|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Onye ọzọ bụ isi ụmụ nwanyị bụ Nawa El Saadawi na onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe ike. Ọ na-ede akwụkwọ banyere njikọ nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Islam. O dere akwụkwọ Women and Sex nke na-ekwu maka nsogbu nke igbu ọkpụkpụ nwanyị (F.G.M.). <ref name=":22" /> ===== Udi dqA nke Feminism ===== E nwere '''ụdị ụmụ nwanyị atọ''' dị na North Africa; nke ụwa, nke Islam na nke gọọmentị. Secular Feminism: Na-anabata echiche ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ na mgbakwunye na njirimara mba na ọdịbendị nke North Africa. Nnukwu nzukọ: Association Démocratique des Femmes du Maroc na L'Union de l'Action Féminine na Morocco, yana Association of Tunisian Women for Research and Development (AFTURD) na Tunisia. Òtù ndị a bụ ndị ụwa ma nwee mmetụta nke echiche ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ. Islamic '''Feminist Revivalist Feminism:''' Ọ pụtara n'etiti afọ 1980, nwere echiche dịgasị iche iche. E nwere mbelata nke ewu ewu mgbe Arab Spring gasịrị mana mmegharị ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-ama echiche ọdịnala na nke na-agbaso omenala aka iji melite ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị. Nzukọ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu dịgasị iche, na Morocco ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndị Islamist Justice and Development Party, na Tunisia na Ennahda Party. Ndị otu abụọ ahụ na-akwado ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ikpe ziri ezi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site na usoro Islam, ma na-akwado itinye aka ụmụ nwanyị na ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ ndị ndu n'ime omenala Islam. State Feminism:A kọwara ya dịka iwu gọọmenti kwadoro nke na-achọ ịkwalite nnwere onwe na mmepe ụmụ nwanyị. Ụdị feminizim nke atọ a malitere ịpụta n’afọ ndị 1950 ruo mmalite afọ ndị 1960. N’akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji feminizim steeti eme atụmatụ pụrụ iche site n’aka gọọmenti dị iche iche nke North Africa iji meziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ ụmụ nwanyị. Inye ụmụ nwanyị ohere nweta agụmakwụkwọ ka mma, nlekọta ahụike na ohere ọrụ abụghị naanị maka nkwado ha, kama ọ bụkwa iji mee ka steeti ahụ pụta dịka ike na-eweta mmepe ọhụrụ... == Echiche Ndị Inyom nke Africa == === Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>N'ihi na e mepụtara Womenism maka ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị Afrịka bi na mba ọzọ, ọ bụghị ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka, enwere ike ikwu na Womanism abụghị akụkụ nke African femism.<ref name=":0"/> Ụmụ nwanyị emeela ka ọ bụrụ nkatọ nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere nnwere onwe, nke na-ewepu akụkọ na ahụmịhe nke ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị ojii. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ na-ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ọ na-apụta site na ụdị ndị Africa America na ndị Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ebunoluwa|first=Sotunsa Mobolanle|authorlink=Mobolanle Ebunoluwa Sotunsa|year=2009|title=The Quest for an African Variant|journal=The Journal of Pan African Studies|pages=227–234}}</ref> African Womanism na-ekwu maka ụmụ nwanyị site na (1) echiche Afrịka; (2) ebe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Afrịka; (3) na echiche echiche Afrịka.<ref name=":0"/> Ụmụ nwanyị dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ na-elekwasị anya na ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ọdịbendị, ọchịchị ala ọzọ, na ọtụtụ ụdị nchịkwa na mmeri ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ndụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ogunyemi|first=Chikwenye Okonjo|year=1985|title=Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_autumn-1985_11_1/page/63|journal=Signs|volume=11|issue=1|pages=63–80|doi=10.1086/494200}}</ref> Womanism “na-achọ ịmata nsogbu ndị metụtara ọchịchị nwoke n’ime ọha mmadụ, ebe ọ na-achọkwa ụzọ isi dozie mmegbu na ịkpa ókè a na-eme ụmụ nwanyị site n’ileba anya n’ime na n’èzí.” [[Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi]] si kwuo, Womanism gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na "echiche nke ndụ ndị isi ojii, " ma na-echegbu onwe ya "dị ukwuu na ọgụ ike mmekọahụ ndị isi ojii dịka usoro ike ụwa nke na-achịkwa ndị isi ojii. "<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Kolawole|first=Mary Modupe|date=2002|title=Transcending Incongruities: Rethinking Feminisms and the Dynamics of Identity in Africa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4548076|journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity|volume=17|issue=54|pages=92–98|doi=10.1080/10130950.2002.9676183|issn=1013-0950}}</ref> Ụdị nke Womanism nke Clenora Hudson-Weems wepụtara bụ African Womanism, okwu nke o chepụtara n'etiti afọ 1980. Ojiji o ji okwu "Africana" mee ihe na-egosi na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ịgụnye ụmụ nwanyị na kọntinent Afrịka na ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Diaspora Afrịka. Ọ na-ekwu na a ga-enwe nkewa zuru oke site na feminizim ndị ọcha, nke bụ mmegharị e kere site n’aka ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọcha ma bụrụkwa maka ha naanị, na-enweghị itinye ahụmịhe ndị Afrịka n’ime ya. Ọ na-ekwukwa na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nwere ọtụtụ ihe ha jikọrọ ọnụ karịa ihe ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọcha nwere ọnụ, ya mere, a chọrọ ụdị ọgụ na mmegharị ọhụrụ..<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hudson-Weems|first=Clenora|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/HUDAWR|title=Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves|date=1994|publisher=Bedford Publishers}}</ref> Founded by [[Molara Ogundipe|Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie]], Stiwanism focuses more on the structures that oppress women and the way women react to these institutionalized structures. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> "Stiwa" is an acronym which stands for Social Transformation Including Women in Africa.<ref name=":9"/> Ogundipe-Leslie argues that the struggle for African women is a result of colonial and neo-colonial structures that often place African males at the apex of social stratification.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Maxwell Constantine Chando|author=Musingafi|title=Philosophising Experiences and Vision of the Female Body, Mind, and Soul: Historical Context and Contemporary Theory|publisher=Information Science Reference|location=Hershey|year=2021|isbn=978-1-79984-091-6}}</ref> Furthermore, the struggles African women face are also relevant to the way they have internalized the patriarchy and have come to endorse the system themselves.  === Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị === Onye Africa na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye edemede, na onye ọkà mmụta [[Obioma Nnaemeka]] kọwara okwu ahụ bụ "Nego-feminism" n'isiokwu ya Nego-Feminism: Theorizing, Practicing, and Pruning Africa's Way. "Ọ na-ede, "Nego-feminism bụ feminism nke mkparịta ụka; nke abụọ, nego-feminist na-anọchite anya 'enweghị ego' feminism ma bụrụ nke a haziri site na omenala dị mkpa ma gbanwee site na mgbanwe mpaghara na ụwa. " <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Nnaemeka|first=Obioma|year=2004|title=Nego-Feminism: Theorizing, Practicing, and Pruning Africa's Way|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_winter-2004_29_2/page/357|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|volume=29|issue=2|pages=357–385|doi=10.1086/378553}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ọdịbendị Afrịka nwere ọdịbendị nke mkparịta ụka na nkwekọrịta mgbe ọ na-abịa na nkwekọ. <ref name=":3" /> Nego-feminizim na-atụ aro na iji nweta nnwere onwe, ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka ga-amụta ịkparịta ụka ma mgbe ụfọdụ ikwe nkwekọrịta. Nnaemeka dere na feminizim Afrịka na-arụ ọrụ site n’ịmara “mgbe, ebe, na otu esi agbawa ma ọ bụ zere mgbawa ọnyà ọchịchị nwoke.” " <ref name=":3" /> Nke a pụtara na nego-feminizim maara otu esi eji omenala mkparịta ụka na nkwekọrịta bibie usoro ọchịchị nwoke maka uru na ọdịmma ụmụ nwanyị. N'akwụkwọ ya, Motherism: The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism, [[Catherine Obianuju Acholonu]] dere na ihe ọzọ Afrịka na-eme na Western femism bụ Motherism, na Motherism nwere ịbụ nne, okike, na ịzụlite.<ref name=":4"/> Motherism bụ echiche dịgasị iche iche nke na-agụnye "dynamics nke ịhazi, ịhazigharị, ịmepụta ihe owuwu, iwu na iwughachi na imekọ ihe ọnụ na nne okike na ọkwa niile nke mbọ mmadụ. " <ref name=":4" /> Nne bụ onye na-etinye aka na ndụ na nlekọta nke Nne Ụwa na onye na-anabata ọgụ mmadụ. Acholonu na-eme ka o doo anya, agbanyeghị, na onye na-ahụ maka nne nwere ike ịbụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ nwoke. Ịhụnanya nne enweghị ihe mgbochi mmekọahụ n'ihi na isi nke ịbụ nne bụ mmekọrịta, imekọ ihe ọnụ, nnagide, ịhụnanya, nghọta, na ndidi.<ref name=":4" /> Iji mee ka nne na-arụ ọrụ, a ghaghị inwe nkwekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị nke na-eme ka ịdị adị zuru oke nke mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":4" /> === Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị === The femalist model was developed by [[Chioma Opara]].<ref name=":0"/> Opara describes femalism as "A hue of African feminism, is a softer tone than liberal feminism and highly polarized from radical feminism." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> At its core, femalism is African and it emphasizes the importance of the African woman's body.  === Ụmụ nwanyị na-eche echiche === Snail-sense feminism is a theory proposed by [[Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo]].<ref name=":0"/> This feminism encourages Nigerian woman to work slowly like a snail's movement in her dealings with men in the "tough and very difficult patriarchal [Nigerian] society they live in." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Theodora Akachi Ezeigbo na-atụ aro na ụmụnwaanyị “ga-amụta ụzọ isi dịrị ndụ iji nwee ike imeri ihe mgbochi ndị a na-etinye n’ihu ha ma bie ndụ ọma.”."  === Misovirism ụmụ nwanyị === Misovirism bụ echiche nke onye na-eche echiche na Cameroon bụ Werewere Liking chepụtara.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|author=Zabus|first=Chantal J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GPlAgAAQBAJ|title=Out in Africa: Same-sex Desire in Sub-Saharan Literatures & Cultures|date=2013|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-1-84701-082-7|pages=148|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Sankara|first=Edgard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OufCx5mYV9kC&q=Misovirism+Werewere+Liking&pg=PT97|title=Postcolonial Francophone Autobiographies: From Africa to the Antilles|date=2011-08-03|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=978-0-8139-3176-0|language=en}}</ref> === Omenala ụmụ nwanyị === Omenala ụmụ nwanyị bụ echiche nke onye edemede Naijiria [[Buchi Emecheta]] chepụtara. Ọ na-akọwa ọdịbendị ụmụ nwanyị dị ka "feminism nwere obere f. "<ref name=":5"/> === Ụmụ nwanyị Siyakaka === FAKA, a black queer femme performance duo si South Africa, emeela ihe ha na-akpọ Siyakaka feminism. Siyakaka femism pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "anyị na-eme ka unu niile" ma na-apụta site na ahụmịhe intersectional nke ịbụ onye ojii, onye na-eme ihe ike, nwanyị, nwoke na nwanyị na-ekwekọghị, na ndị ọrụ.<ref name=":12" /> Siyakaka femism na-egosi "abjection na deviance" dị ka nkà ihe ọmụma nke "na-aghọghị mmadụ" <ref name=":12" /> ma bụrụ "onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, onye na-emegidesi klas, onye na'emegide ndị na-eme enyi nwoke, na onye na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma". <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|author=Ellapen|first=Jordache A.|date=2021|title=Siyakaka Feminism: African Anality and the Politics of Deviance in FAKA's Performance Art Praxis|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/434/article/829533|journal=Feminist Studies|volume=47|issue=1|pages=114–146|doi=10.1353/fem.2021.0002|issn=2153-3873}}</ref> Siyakaka feminism bụ "ịchụso ime ụwa ojii site na nnwere onwe mmekọahụ".<ref name=":12" /> == Ihe Nlereanya nke African Feminism == === Òtù ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria === Ọ bụ ezie na òtù ụmụ nwanyị dị ịrịba ama ama ama amala na kọntinent Afrịka, [https://web.archive.org/web/20201202103024/https://insight.ng/opinion/feminism-in-nigeria/ Òtù] [[Ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa]] Archived Wayback Machine na-eje ozi dị ka ihe atụ kachasị mma nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka. Mgbe nzukọ mba nke afọ 1982 gasịrị, mwepụta nke nzukọ Women in Nigeria (WIN) gosipụtara ụmụ nwanyị n'ụdị ya ugbu a - na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a haziri ahazi, nwere ebumnuche doro anya na echiche. <ref name=":02">{{Citation|last1=Madunagu|first1=Bene E.|chapter=The Nigerian Feminist Movement: Lessons from Women in Nigeria (WIN)|date=2010|pages=155–165|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=9781349290345|doi=10.1057/9780230114326_11|title=African Women|hdl=10.1080/03056240802574136|hdl-access=free}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị mmalite siri ike, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-asọpụrụ WIN maka ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ebe ọzụzụ maka mpụta nke ọgụ ụmụ nwanyị a haziri ahazi na Naịjirịa. [[Faịlụ:Art+Feminism_Editathon_2019_held_by_Wikimedia_Nigeria_Foundation_with_CEEHOPE_in_Nigeria_in_the_month_of_March_2019_05.jpg|thumb|300x300px]] N'ime afọ iri mbụ ya, WIN kwadoro mmepe nke ọtụtụ ndị na-akpọ onwe ha ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa taa. WIN nakweere iwu ndị otu na-emeghe nke 'bịaru otu - bịa niile', ebe a nabatara onye ọ bụla, nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị, ma ọ bụrụhaala na onye dị otú ahụ nabatara ndokwa nke Iwu WIN.<ref name=":02" /> Atụmatụ WIN nke imeghe òtù ahụ nye onye ọ bụla kwere ka ọtụtụ ndị sonye, ọbụna ndị na-enweghị nghọta gbasara ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke feminisim na ụkpụrụ ikpe ziri ezi n’ihe gbasara okike nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":02" /> Kemgbe e hiwere ya, Women in Nigeria na-akwado ọrụ nchọpụta ma na-etinyekwa aka n’ịkwado mgbanwe iwu na mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha nke ebumnuche ha bụ ime ka ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba ndị ọtụtụ ụmụnwaanyị nọ na Naịjíríà na-enwe ka mma. Ọzọkwa, ihe pụrụ iche nke WIN sitere na ịma nke ma ọkwa ma okike n'ihe gbasara ọgụ maka nnwere onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria.<ref name=":02" /> Ya mere, WIN ghọtara ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria dị ka "ihe ize ndụ abụọ," ebe mmegbu na mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị mara dị ka ụdị ikpe na-ezighị ezi abụọ, ma dị ka ndị nọ n'okpuru ma dị ka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":02" /> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2008, ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria meghere nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa (NFF) - nke guzobere njikọ aka buru ibu ma dị n'otu karịa WIN. Na mbido afọ 2000, e mepụtara NFF mgbe oge nkuchi nke malitere site na mmalite nke African Feminist Forum (AFF) na Accra, Ghana. AFF bipụtara Charter of the Feminist Principles nke na-arụ ọrụ dịka nduzi bara uru nye ndị feminis Afrịka, nke na-akọwa nke ọma otú ndị feminis Afrịka si akọwa onwe ha. Ọ na-enye nghọta banyere feminisim na ọchịchị nnaochie, ma na-akwalite njirimara, ụkpụrụ omume, na ezi ọmụma gbasara nduzi feminis n’ofe kọntinent Afrịka. Mgbe ha nwechara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ogo ala (grassroots), NFF gbasaa nke ọma ma dochie Women in Nigeria (WIN) dị ka òtù feminis gọọmentị na Naịjírịà. Ọzọkwa, mmegharị feminis ọhụrụ ndị a na Naịjírịà sonyekwara na mmegharị feminis kọntinent Afrịka (Pan-African), ebe e kpọkọtara ọtụtụ puku ndị na-eme ihe feminis si n’ofe mpaghara ahụ iji lụọ ọgụ isi megide ka ọgụ. [[Faịlụ:Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg|thumb|Wangari Maathai na 2001.]] === HụÒtù ụmụ nwanyị nke Kenya === Ahụmahụ ụmụ nwanyị na Kenya abụghị otu, mana ọ dịgasị iche iche. Otu ụkpụrụ ahụ na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị Kenya. Ya mere, ngalaba a adịghị adị iji gosipụta na òtù ụmụ nwanyị niile nke Kenya bụ otu. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-enye usoro nche anwụ iji hazie ozi gbasara òtù ụmụ nwanyị dị iche iche nke Kenya. Lee Women in Kenya maka akụkọ ihe mere eme. ==== Green Belt Movement ==== Na Kenya, Green Belt Movement abụwo òtù a ma ama na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị kemgbe 1977, mgbe onye na-eme ihe ike Wangari Maathai guzobere ya.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|author=Lappé|first=Anna|date=2004|title=The Genius of Wangari Maathai|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45034260|journal=Alternatives Journal|volume=30|issue=5|pages=30–31|issn=1205-7398}}</ref> Mgbanwe a na-elekwasị anya n'ịkụ osisi na ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-enyekwa ụmụ nwanyị Kenya ike. Green Belt Movement pụtara n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ime ime obodo Kenya so na ndị mbụ nwere mmetụta ọjọọ nke Mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Steady|first=Filomina Chioma|date=2014|title=Women, Climate Change and Liberation in Africa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43496976|journal=Race, Gender & Class|volume=21|issue=1/2|pages=312–333|issn=1082-8354}}</ref> Òtù ahụ kwenyere na ọdịmma nke ụmụ nwanyị na Kenya na mba ndị yiri ya n'Africa ga-enwerịrị njikọ na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enweghị ike inwe ikpe ziri ezi nwoke na nwanyị maka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka na-enweghị ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe.<ref name=":7" /> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, òtù a agbasawo ọrụ ya iji tinye ọrụ Pro-democracy.<ref name=":6" /> ==== Òtù Ndị Nwanyị Digital ==== Kemgbe ịrị elu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, ndị inyom Kenya agbanweela usoro ha iji nweta uru nke usoro ọhụrụ dị ike.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Nyabola|first=Nanjala|date=2018|title=Kenyan Feminisms in the Digital Age|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26511346|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|volume=46|issue=3 & 4|pages=261–272|issn=0732-1562}}</ref> Otu ihe atụ a ma ama nke omume a bụ mkpọsa a haziri iji meghachi omume na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị Kenya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, òtù #JusticeForLiz pụtara na 2013 mgbe e dinara nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz ka ọ na-esi n'ebe olili ozu nna ya nọ na Butula County, Kenya.<ref name=":8" /> Kama ịnagide ezigbo nsonaazụ iwu, a mara ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha rụrụ ọrụ aka dị nro n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ. Enweghị ikpe ziri ezi a n'ihi mwakpo jọgburu onwe ya kpaliri ngagharị iwe na Nairobi. Iwe gbasaa n'ịntanetị site na #JusticeForLiz. Obodo ikpe ziri ezi ụmụ nwanyị yiri nke ahụ pụtara n'ịntanetị n'ihi omume ime ihe ike abụọ ọzọ megide ụmụ agbọghọ Kenya: #JusticeForKhadija na #JusticesForFatuma . <ref name=":8" /> N'ime ọha mmadụ nke na-ewepụ ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ụdị mgbasa ozi ọdịnala, mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta enyewo ikpo okwu maka akụkọ na olu ụmụ nwanyị. Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na Kenya weghachiri mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ntuli aka nke afọ 2017. <ref name=":8"/> N'oge a, ha gbakọtara gburugburu mkpọsa #WeAre52, nke kwadoro iwu na-enye iwu na ọ dịghị òtù na-achị achị nke nwere ihe karịrị ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke otu nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":8" /> Site na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, ndị inyom Kenya na-agafe usoro mgbasa ozi ọdịnala wee sonye na mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, oghere nke a na-ewepụ ụmụ nwanyị Kenya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. ==== Mmegide Ndị Iche ==== Na Kenya, a na-enwekarị mmegide na-ezute ụmụ nwanyị ma na oghere anụ ahụ ma na dijitalụ. Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị na Kenya na-abụkarị ndị a na-eyi egwu ime ihe ike na okwu ịkpọasị.<ref name=":8"/> === Òtù Ndị Nwanyị nke South Africa === [[Faịlụ:South_Africa-Regions_map.svg|thumb|Map nke South Africa na mpaghara ya.]] Isi peeji na: Feminism na South Africa. ==== Arụmụka Ọdịiche ==== Na South Africa, ụmụ nwanyị na-emetụta nsogbu Agbụrụ mgbe niile. A nyochala omume a ma kpọọ uche na "arụmụka ọdịiche," nke na-ezo aka na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị isi ojii na ndị ọcha.<ref name=":42">{{Cite journal|author=Rey|first=Cheryl de la|date=1997|title=Introduction: South African Feminism, Race and Racism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4066146|journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity|issue=32|pages=6–10|doi=10.2307/4066146|issn=1013-0950}}</ref> N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, olu ụmụ nwanyị ọcha achịla okwu ụmụ nwanyị South Africa, na-ewepụ olu ndị isi ojii. A chọpụtara nke a karịsịa dị ka nchegbu site n'aka ndị inyom ojii na-abịa na Women and Gender in Southern Africa Conference nke e mere na Jenụwarị 1991.<ref name=":42" /> Arụmụka dị iche iche mebiri echiche ụmụ nwanyị ọcha nke na-achịkwa afọ ndị 1990: enweghị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke na-eleghara ọrụ agbụrụ anya. Usoro a na-ekwu na ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ahụmịhe dị iche iche, okike, ọ bụghị agbụrụ, ga-abụrịrị ụdị nke na-ahazi ọha mmadụ na ime ihe. Arụmụka dị iche iche mere ka ajụjụ ndị a lekwasị anya na ọ bụghị naanị agbụrụ, kamakwa ọkwá mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, agbụrụ, na mmasị mmekọahụ. Usoro arụmụka dị iche iche na-ekweta na ụmụ nwanyị South Africa "na-ahazi n'otu oge, agbụrụ, na okike". <ref name=":42" /> Taa, a na-akpọkarị echiche a n'ọnọdụ mba ụwa dị ka ihe nlereanya mmegbu atọ. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro echiche post-structuralist na-achịkwa okwu ụmụ nwanyị nke South Africa, na-ahapụ ohere maka ọtụtụ njirimara njirimara na njirimara. Ọbụna, ụmụ nwanyị South Africa na-aga n'ihu na-ahụ ma na-alụso ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ọgụ.<ref name=":42" /> [[Faịlụ:Alice_Mogwe_2010-1.jpg|thumb|[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]]] === Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị nke Botswana === [[Botswana]] na-enye ikpe ọzọ nke ọdịda anyanwụ ụmụ nwanyị na-adịghị n'ime ọnọdụ Afrịka. Banyere omume nke ọdịda anyanwụ ụmụ nwanyị iji mee ka ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị niile bụrụ ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ, onye ọkà mmụta na-eme ihe ike na Botswana bụ [[Alice Mogwe]] dere, sị: "Nwanne nwanyị nwere ike ịbụ ụwa niile n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, mana ọ bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na a kwenyere na ọdịiche dị mkpa maka ahụmịhe ndị inyom. " <ref name=":52">{{Cite journal|author=Mogwe|first=Alice|date=1994|title=Human Rights in Botswana: Feminism, Oppression, and "Integration"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40644801|journal=Alternatives: Global, Local, Political|volume=19|issue=2|pages=189–193|doi=10.1177/030437549401900207|issn=0304-3754}}</ref> Mogwe na-ekwu na ụdị mmepe akụ na ụba nke na-adabere na onyinye, nke na-achịkwa Botswana na ọtụtụ mba Global South, na-akpagbu ụmụnwaanyị. N’ime ụdị ọha mmadụ dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ọrụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ ka a na-ewere dị ka ihe dị mkpa, ebe nrigbu mmadụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Omume ndị a, n’agbanyeghị na ha na-emetụta ụmụnwaanyị Botswana nke ukwuu, na-emerụkwa ndị Black na ndị Indigenous n’ụdị nwoke na nwanyị niile. Dị ka ihe mgbochi, atụmatụ feminisim Botswana kwesịrị ibute ikike mmadụ n’ozuzu ya ụzọ, ọ bụghị naanị ịha nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị. Maka Bience Gawanas Mogwe, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ka a tụlee echiche ụmụ amaala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọchịchị ndị mba ọzọ n’ime feminisim Botswana.<ref name=":52" /> Site na imezu ebumnuche ndị a, echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke Botswana nwere ike ịga nke ọma ebe ụmụ nwanyị nke ọdịda anyanwụ na-ada mgbe niile. === Òtù Ndị Nwanyị nke Rwanda === [[Faịlụ:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Flag nke Rwanda.]] ==== Nchịkọta ==== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Rwanda]] gụnyere nkewa agbụrụ, mgbukpọ agbụrụ, na ọchịchị nna ochie. Ụmụ nwanyị nke Rwanda emeriwo nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe mgbochi ndị a ịghọ òtù mba dị ike. Ụmụ nwanyị nke Rwanda na-eche ihe ịma aka dị irè ihu: otu esi ejikọta mbọ nke obere akụkụ nke ndị isi na-ewere onwe ha dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị isi na ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ndị isi. <ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|author=Parmar|first=Shubhra|date=2013|title=Feminist Awakening in Rwanda|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24701165|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|volume=74|issue=4|pages=687–698|issn=0019-5510}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, e nwere okwu nke ime udo n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Hutu na Tutsi mgbe akụkọ ihe mere eme jupụtara na ime ihe ike gasịrị. N'ihi Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda, ụmụ nwanyị haziri iji nye ọrụ ga-enyere ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nke Rwanda aka, gụnyere ndị otu aka inyere ndị lanarịrị ime ihe ike mmekọahụ, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ụmụ mgbei, na ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ aka. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị a chọrọ inye ụmụ nwanyị ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba ka ha na-eweghachi mba ahụ. Otu n'ime nzukọ ndị inyom Rwanda bụ Pro-Femmes Twese Hamwe (Pro-Women All Together), nke nwere ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị iri atọ na ise.<ref name=":62" /> N'ozuzu, ụmụ nwanyị Rwanda na-abụkarị ihe na-eme. Ụmụ nwanyị nke Rwanda na-ele ike anya n'okwu ndị dị n'etiti; dị ka a na-ekwurịta okwu mgbe niile ma na-ekwekọrịta ọzọ.<ref name=":62" /> Echiche na òtù dị iche iche nke ụmụ nwanyị Rwanda na-ebute nkwekọrịta, ịkekọrịta ike, na njikọta ụzọ.<ref name=":62" /> Ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'akụkụ niile nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, na ndụ ọha na eze na Rwanda. ==== Ọganihu nke Atọ nke Ụmụ nwanyị na Rwanda ==== Na ngwụcha afọ 1990, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Rwanda malitere ịnabata [[Third-wave feminism|Ugboro nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị]]. Echiche ụmụ nwanyị a na-ebute njirimara na ọdịiche ụzọ, na-ekwusi ike na ọdịiche na mgbanwe.<ref name=":62"/> Na Rwanda, a na-ejikọta usoro nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na mbọ ndị di ha nwụrụ na ndị lanarịrị ime ihe ike mmekọahụ nke mere n'oge Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Avega Agahozo bụ otu nnukwu nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị raara onwe ya nye inyere ndị lanarịrị aka.<ref name=":62" /> ==== Ọdịiche Feminism na Rwanda ==== Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ maka udo na ọgwụgwọ na Rwanda anabatala ihe ụfọdụ dị iche iche nke ụmụ nwanyị. [[Difference feminism|ọdịiche ụmụ nwanyị]] na-ekweta na enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, mana ọ na-ekwusi ike na nha nhata nke ụmụ nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name=":62"/> Dị ka usoro echiche feminisim nke “Difference feminism na-anabata na e nwere ọdịiche dị n’ụzọ ịbụ (ontological) n’etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụnwaanyị, ma ọ na-emesi ike na nwoke na nwanyị hà nhata. == Ndị inyom a ma ama n'Afrịka == Ndị inyom Afrịka a ma ama gụnyere [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti|Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], Lady Kofoworola Aina Ademola, [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], [[Mona Eltahawy]], Nawal El Saadawi, Maria Sarungi, Fatma Karume, [[Meaza Ashenafi]], Zara Kay, [[Stella Nyanzi]], Pumla Dineo Gqola, Esther Kimani, Modupe Mary Kolawole, Oonkeyer Oyew Nkumi, Uiru Nzwachiaegwu, Ifi Amadiume, Chinyerepokolo, Molara Odipe-Lesle, Aweolan. == Hụkwa == * Ụmụ nwanyị n'ime nnwere onwe nke Africa * Ịbụ onye inyom na Senegal == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b0ya6tsgtzem7bkx5bjdpfqa666ausq Butter Honey Pig Bread 0 76404 741428 655017 2026-10-23T21:15:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 741428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Butter Honey Pig Bread''''' bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke [[Francesca Ekwuyasi]], nke {{ill|Arsenal Pulp Press|en}} bipụtara na 3 Septemba 2020. Akwụkwọ a na-akọ akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị atọ—Kambirinachi na ụmụ ejima ya nwanyị, Kehinde na Taiye—ma mee n'akụkụ kọntinent atọ dị iche iche. Isiokwu ndị bụ isi n'ime ya gụnyere nri, ezinụlọ, mgbaghara, ịhụnanya, na njikọ mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Butter honey pig bread|url=https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?R=4100767|access-date=2021-10-15|via=Toronto Public Library|archive-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804043732/https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?R=4100767|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ndabere== N'afọ 2013, mgbe Ekwuyasi mechara ọrụ ya nke {{ill|National Youth Service Corps|en}} na mba Nigeria ma na-eche visa [[Canada]] ya, ọ malitere ide akwụkwọ ma na-etinye ọtụtụ ụbọchị ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ obodo na-agụ akwụkwọ ndị odee Nigeria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Sue |date=2020-09-14 |title=Francesca Ekwuyasi's sensual debut novel melds Nigerian folklore with a personal journey to make connections |url=https://quillandquire.com/authors/francesca-ekwuyasis-sensual-debut-novel-melds-nigerian-folklore-with-a-personal-journey-to-make-connections/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Quill and Quire |language=en |archive-date=October 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172055/https://quillandquire.com/authors/francesca-ekwuyasis-sensual-debut-novel-melds-nigerian-folklore-with-a-personal-journey-to-make-connections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ahụmahụ a nyere nnukwu aka n'ịmepụta ''Butter Honey Pig Bread''. Mgbe e mesịrị, Ekwuyasi nwetara visa Canada ma kwaga {{ill|Halifax, Nova Scotia|en}}, ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na o nweghị atụmatụ ka e bipụta ya.<ref name=":1" /> N'ikpeazụ, otu enyi ya gwara ya ka o zipụ akwụkwọ edemede ahụ na Arsenal Pulp Press, ma n'oge ikike ọrụ Canada ya na-agwụ, ụlọ mbipụta ahụ nabatara ya maka mbipụta. Mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ, Ekwuyasi mechara nweta ọnọdụ {{ill|Permanent residency in Canada|en}} ya bụ onye bi na Canada n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro.<ref name=":1" /> ==Ihe ndị ọzọ kwuru== ''Butter Honey Pig Bread'' nwetara nyocha pụrụ iche sitere na ''{{ill|Booklist|en}}''<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chanoux|first=Laura|date=October 1, 2020|title=Butter Honey Pig Bread|url=https://www.booklistonline.com/Butter-Honey-Pig-Bread/pid=9738696|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|via=Booklist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170151/https://www.booklistonline.com/Butter-Honey-Pig-Bread/pid%3D9738696 |archive-date=2021-10-28 }}</ref> na ''[[Publishers Weekly]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-09|title=Fiction Book Review: Butter Honey Pig Bread by Francesca Ekwuyasi. Arsenal Pulp, $19.95 trade paper (320p) ISBN 978-1-55152-823-6|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-55152-823-6|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=Publishers Weekly|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018024044/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-55152-823-6 |archive-date=2020-10-18 }}</ref> Laura Chanoux, onye dere nyocha maka ''Booklist'', toro ederede Ekwuyasi, na-ekwu na nkọwa ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ na-akpọ ndị na-agụ ya òkù ka ha nwee ọṅụ n'asụsụ onye odee ji ede. O kọwara ya dịka "akwụkwọ mbụ e dere nke ọma nke jikọtara mmetụta mmadụ na ihe omimi n'ụzọ magburu onwe ya".<ref name=":2" /> Nyocha ọma ndị ọzọ sitere na ''{{ill|The New Yorker|en}}'',<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2021-01-06|title=Briefly Noted Book Reviews|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/01/18/beethoven-the-light-ages-a-lie-someone-told-you-about-yourself-butter-honey-pig-bread|access-date=2021-10-15|magazine=The New Yorker|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Puritan'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=French|first=Whitney|date=Fall 2020|title=Making Food, Making Fury: Francesca Ekwuyasi's Butter Honey Pig Bread|url=http://puritan-magazine.com/butter-honey-pig-bread-review/|journal=The Puritan|issue=51}}</ref> ''Hamilton Review of Books'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Francis|first=Claire|title=Claire Francis Reviews Francesca Ekwuyasi's Butter Honey Pig Bread|url=http://hamiltonreviewofbooks.com/blog/2020/11/16/claire-francis-reviews-francesca-ekwuyasis-butter-honey-pig-bread|date=November 16, 2020}}</ref> ''The Suburban'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Meredith|date=March 8, 2021|title=Entertainment: Butter Honey Pig Bread review|url=https://www.thesuburban.com/arts_and_entertainment/entertainment/entertainment-butter-honey-pig-bread-review/article_c21b8b84-8036-11eb-88b0-d3dacd4ec1b0.html|access-date=June 6, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310070328/https://www.thesuburban.com/arts_and_entertainment/entertainment/entertainment-butter-honey-pig-bread-review/article_c21b8b84-8036-11eb-88b0-d3dacd4ec1b0.html|archive-date=March 10, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''This Black Girl Reads'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=My Canada Reads Pick for 2021 is 'Butter Honey Pig Bread' Here's Why…|url=https://thisblackgirlreads.ca/my-canada-reads-pick-for-2021-is-butter-honey-pig-bread-heres-why/}}</ref> ''Consumed by Ink'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-09|title=Butter Honey Pig Bread by Francesca Ekwuyasi|url=https://consumedbyink.ca/2021/02/08/butter-honey-pig-bread-by-francesca-ekwuyasi/}}</ref> na ''Foreword Reviews''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gonzalez|first=Eileen|date=November–December 2020|title=Review of One Night Two Souls Went Walking|url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/one-night-two-souls-went-walking/}}</ref> {{ill|CBC Books|en}} kpọrọ ''Butter Honey Pig Bread'' otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada kacha mma nke afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2021|title=The best Canadian fiction of 2020|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-best-canadian-fiction-of-2020-1.5819722}}</ref> ''{{ill|The Globe and Mail|en}}'' na ''{{ill|Quill & Quire|en}}'' tinyekwara ya n'ime ndepụta akwụkwọ kacha mma nke afọ ahụ n'agbanyeghị ụdị ha.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Cannon|first1=Margaret|date=2020-12-04|title=The Globe 100: Our favourite books of 2020|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books/article-the-globe-100-our-favourite-books-of-2020/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-16|title=2020 Books of the Year: Editors' picks|url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/books-of-the-year-2020-editors-picks/}}</ref> ''Butter Honey Pig Bread'' bụ akwụkwọ Canada nke itoolu kacha ere ahịa n'afọ 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-27 |title=The top 10 bestselling Canadian books of 2021 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-top-10-bestselling-canadian-books-of-2021-1.6295635}}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ== * 2020 {{ill|Giller Prize|en}} – Longlisted * 2020 {{ill|Governor General's Awards|en}} maka Fiction – Shortlisted * 2021 {{ill|Amazon.ca First Novel Award|en}} – Finalist * 2021 {{ill|CBC Books|en}} Nominated * 2021 {{ill|Lambda Literary Awards|en}} maka Lesbian – Finalist * 2021 {{ill|ReLit Awards|en}} – Shortlisted * 2022 {{ill|Dayne Ogilvie Prize|en}} – Winner ==Edensibia== {{reflist}} [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke afọ 2020s]] [[Category:Ọrụ edemede metụtara LGBTQ nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke Naịjirịa]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke Canada]] [[Category:Edemede ndị Canada ojii]] [[Category:Omenala LGBTQ nke ndị Canada ojii]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ etinyere na Naịjirịa]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ etinyere na London]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ etinyere na Montreal]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ezinụlọ]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ gbasara nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ Arsenal Pulp Press]] 93ocdci3yyxqk2n0shyx4ugf7udbqzb Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia 0 77964 741462 735041 2026-10-24T00:13:05Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:First_preserved_Main_Page_of_Wikipedia.jpeg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001) ]] [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]], encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org|accessdate=24 October 2016|work=[[WHOIS]]|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417083509/http://whois.domaintools.com/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Ọ malitere dịka [[Nupedia]], encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa. Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, <ref name="listserv.uh.edu">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132149/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html#open-source|archivedate=14 October 2013|accessdate=5 November 2013|publisher=GNU}}</ref> bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.<ref name="stallmanencyclopedia">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka [[Wiki|Microsoft Encarta]] na ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka [[Nupedia]] ka ọ bụrụ [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], meziri ka [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]] malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WikiHistory|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621221535/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory|archivedate=21 June 2002|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. <ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /> Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. <ref name="comScore2012" /> Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly overview|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124235329/https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/all-projects|archivedate=24 January 2020|accessdate=31 May 2019|work=Wikimedia statistics|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga === Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na [[:en:Library_of_Alexandria|Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria]] na [[Library of Pergamum|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum]], ma e nwere ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie n'echiche inweta encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka ''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', ''nke'' [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny the Elder]] mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedia zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na [[Denis Diderot]] na ndị French dere [[Encyclopédie|encyclopedia]] nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miloš|first=Todorović|year=2018|title=From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347489594|journal=Časopis KSIO|volume=1|pages=88–102|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3235309|accessdate=20 October 2021}}</ref> Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa [[Printing press|ígwè obibi akwụkwọ]] iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ [[Paul Otlet]] nke afọ 1934 bụ ''[[:en:Traité_de_Documentation|Traité de Documentation]]''. Otlet guzobekwara [[Mundaneum]], ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka [[H. G. Wells]] gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ ''[[:en:World_Brain|World Brain]]'' (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "[[:en:As_We_May_Think|As We May Think]]" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ [[hypertext]] nke [[Ted Nelson]] bụ [[:en:Project_Xanadu|Project Xanadu]], nke malitere na 1960. <ref name="reaglechap2"> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu ''Oxford English Dictionary'' na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes]], 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]]. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu"/> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia"/> Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke [[:en:Austrian_School|Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria]] bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi n'enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Akwụkwọ Nkọwa Okwu Bekee Oxford]]'' n'oge okwu [[:en:Richard_Chenevix_Trench|Richard Chenevix Trench]] kwuru na London Library, na [[:en:Guy_Fawkes_Day|Guy Fawkes Day]], 5 Nọvemba 1857. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọbụla n'asụsụ Bekee ga-adị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọbụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịgụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile ya na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị gụsịri akwụkwọ ike dere - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata ìgwè nbdị mmadụ - karịa, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị na-amụ ọrụ a na-adịghị, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.<ref>Winchester, Simon (1998).</ref> Ọganihu na teknụzụ ozi na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedias. Ọ bụ ezie na encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, [[Encarta]] nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM na dị n'ụdị [[Hyperlink|hyperlinked]]. Mmepe nke [[:en:World_Wide_Web|World Wide Web]] dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta [[Online encyclopedia|Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị]]. Otu aro mbụ a tụrụ maka encyclopedia a ga-enwe n'ịntanetị bụ [[Interpedia]] na 1993 site n'aka [[Rick Gates (Internet pioneer)|Rick Gates]]; <ref name="listserv.uh.edu2">{{Cite web|year=2010|title=Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger|url=http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133700/http://history-computer.com/Internet/Conquering/Wikipedia.html|archivedate=15 April 2012|accessdate=9 November 2013|publisher=History Computer}}</ref> ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ihe ọbụla n'ime encyclopedia ahụ. Onye na-akwado [[:en:Free_software|ngwanrọ n'efu]] bụ [[Richard Stallman]] kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. <ref name="stallmanencyclopedia2">{{Cite web|author=Stallman|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Stallman|year=1998|title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft)|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124065108/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html|archivedate=24 January 2021|accessdate=29 October 2021|publisher=GNU}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ya o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Indiana University Bloomington|Mahadum Indiana]], ebe ọ masịrị ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke [[Open-source movement|mmegharị na-emeghe emeghe]] ma hụta [[GNU Manifesto|Emacs Manifesto]] nke Richard Stallman nke na-akwalite [[Free software movement|ngwanrọ n'efu]] na akụ na ụba gụnyere nkerịta akụ dịka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa na edemede "[[:en:The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society|The Use of Knowledge in Society]]," nke onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ mkpata na mmefu na [[:en:Austrian_School|Austrian School]] bụ [[Friedrich Hayek]] dere, nke ya bụ Wales gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, <ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2014-09-30|title=Know It All - The New Yorker|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-30|access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref> nọ n'"etiti" na echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangu-Ward|first=Katherine|date=2007-05-30|title=Wikipedia and Beyond|url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Reason.com|language=en-US|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/}}</ref> Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na [[:en:Dispersed_knowledge|e kesara ozi ekesa]] - na onye ọbụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu ya - nakwa n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ndị isi ọchịchị nọ n'etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ ego ma nwee mmasị site na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ.<ref>{{Citation}} Richard Stallman discussed at 20min, with further Open Source discussion at 16min.</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:The_Economist|The Economist]]'' si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na [[:en:Technological_utopianism|nchekwube teknụzụ]] nke e ji mara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na ihe ọmụma. "<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=29 August 2022}}</ref> === Nhazi nke echiche ahụ === E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ebe a ga-esi na-enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na [[Nupedia]] nke Wales guzobere, nke bụ ọrụ mbụ ya iji mepụta encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke [[Bomis]], ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, [[Tim Shell]] na [[Michael E. Davis (businessman)|Michael E. Davis]] nwere wepụtara.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}} {{Cite web|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part II|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108094801/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F19%2F1746205&tid=95|archivedate=8 November 2006|work=[[Slashdot]]|date=19 April 2005|quote=My initial idea was that the wiki would be set up as part of Nupedia; it was to be a way for the public to develop a stream of content that could be fed into the Nupedia process. I think I got some of the basic pages written—how wikis work, what our general plan was, and so forth—over the next few days. I wrote a general proposal for the Nupedia community, and the Nupedia wiki went live January 10. The first encyclopedia articles for what was to become Wikipedia were written then. It turned out, however, that a clear majority of the Nupedia Advisory Board wanted to have nothing to do with a wiki. Again, their commitment was to rigor and reliability, a concern I shared with them and continue to have. Still, perhaps some of those people are kicking themselves now. They (some of them) evidently thought that a wiki could not resemble an encyclopedia at all, that it would be too informal and unstructured, as the original WikiWikiWeb was (and is), to be associated with Nupedia. They of course were perfectly reasonable to doubt that it would turn into the fantastic source of content that it did. Who could reasonably guess that it would work? But it did work, and now the world knows better.}}</ref> E guzobere Nupedia n'elu ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ruru eru na usoro nyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ.<ref>Kaplan Andreas, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref> N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị editọ 2000 nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu 12 edere n'ime afọ mbụ.<ref name="resignation2">{{Cite web|title=My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|quote=I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142105/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki2" /> Ndị odee Nupedia tụlere ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ọdịnaya ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener3">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2004|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> A na-ejibu [[wiki]] eme ihe n'ebe ndị ọzọ na ịntanet iji hazie ihe ọmụma, na echiche nke ihe mgbakwunye dabeere na [[wiki]] nye Nupedia sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz, <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-12|title=From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=Chicago Tribune|archivedate=January 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119130522/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-01-12-chi-archives-aaron-swartz-20130112-story.html}}</ref> <ref name="Ben_Kovitz2">{{Cite news|title=Ben Kovitz|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref> na ọzọkwa dị n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.<ref name="Glyn Moody2">{{Cite news|author=Moody|first=Glyn|date=13 July 2006|title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2">{{Cite news|author=Sidener|first=Jonathan|date=23 September 2006|title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html|accessdate=25 March 2007|quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Kovitz bụ onye [[:en:Computer_programmer|ọkachamara na ngwanrọ kọmputa]] na onye na-ahụkarị na wiki mgbanwe nke [[Ward Cunningham]] bụ "[[WikiWikiWeb]]". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wikis bụ, n'oge ha na-eri nri abalị na Jenụwarị 2, 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz2" /><ref name="Glyn Moody2" /><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia2" /><ref name="the hive">{{Cite magazine|last=Poe|first=Marshall|date=September 2006|title=The Hive|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|url-status=live|magazine=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110160718/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3|archive-date=10 November 2006|access-date=25 March 2007}}</ref> Wales kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001 na "Larry nwere echiche iji ngwanrọ Wiki" maka ndị na-enweghị mmasị na usoro Nupedia, ma mesịa kwuo na Disemba afọ 2005 na Rosenfeld mere ka ọ mata maka echiche wiki. <ref name="Wikipedia-l-0006712">{{Cite news|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=30 October 2001|title=LinkBacks?|publisher=Wikimedia|format=Email|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Wired News">{{Cite magazine|date=3 May 2007|title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Wired News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328235925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=1 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cadenhead2">{{Cite web|author=Rogers Cadenhead|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|accessdate=15 October 2006|archivedate=26 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926103410/http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on Friday 2 December 2005 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311054329/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Stated on Wikipedia on Monday 14 March 2005: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857 reference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222221915/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857|date=22 February 2021}}</ref> Sanger chere na wiki ga-abụ ezigbo ikpo okwu iji mee ihe, ma tụọ aro na [[Mailing list|Ndepụta ozi]] Nupedia na a ga-eguzobe wiki dabeere na [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) dị ka ọrụ "ebe e si eweta ihe ga-adị" na Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu "Ka anyị mee wiki", o dere, sị: <ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Mba, nke a abụghị atụmatụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-akpata ihere. Ọ bụ echiche ịgbakwunye obere atụmatụ na Nupedia. Jimmy Wales chere na ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịjụ ma ọ bụ ghara ịnabata echiche a, mana echere m na ọ gaghị adị otu ahụ... Banyere iji '''wiki''' eme ihe na Nupedia, nke a bụ usoro “emeghe” ma dị mfe nke ukwuu maka imepụta ọdịnaya. Anyị ekwuola mgbe ụfọdụ banyere echiche nke ịmepụta ọrụ ndị dị mfe ma meghee karịa, ma ọ bụ iji dochie Nupedia ma ọ bụ tinye ha n’akụkụ ya. Ọ dị m ka enwere ike itinye wikis n’ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo, ha anaghị achọ nlekọta dị ukwuu, ma n’ozuzu ha nwere obere ihe ize ndụ. Ha bụkwa isi iyi ọdịnaya nwere nnukwu ohere. Ya mere, dịka m nwere ike ịhụ, ọ dịghị nnukwu ọghọm dị na ya. Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba [[Nupedia]].com.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Nupedia's wiki: try it out|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archive-date=25 April 2003|access-date=14 July 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na [[:en:Nupedia|Nupedia]], mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2001|title=Slashdot Comments &#124; GNUPedia Project Starting|url=http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612010030/https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990|archivedate=12 June 2022|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Slashdot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=The Free Encyclopedia Project|url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000617/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=20 December 2012|publisher=GNU.org}}</ref> === Ntọala nke Wikipedia === E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.<ref name="memoirofwiki">{{Cite web|first=Larry|author=Sanger|url=http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I|date=2005-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722235956/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F04%2F18%2F164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9|archivedate=22 July 2009}}</ref> Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru [[:en:Nupedia|nupedia.com]] na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-04-25|title=[Nupedia-l] Nupedia's wiki: try it out|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|accessdate=2023-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030425173342/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000678.html|archivedate=25 April 2003}}</ref> Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha ''Wikipedia'', na-asị na ọ bu <nowiki>''</nowiki>ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archive-date=14 April 2003|access-date=14 July 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey. [[Faịlụ:Jimmy_Wales'_Mac_and_the_First_Wikipedia_Edit_—_"Hello_World"_(51738433963).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia]] Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2003|title=&#91;Nupedia-l&#93; Wikipedia is up!|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030331101007/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|archivedate=31 March 2003}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ [[:en:Slashdot|Slashdot]] na Julaị 2001, <ref name="slashdot26july">{{Cite web|date=26 July 2001|title=Britannica and Free Content|url=http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204227/http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml|archivedate=14 January 2009|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 March 2001|title=Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2001|title=Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes|url=http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95|publisher=Slashdot}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2001|title=Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107050810/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121|archivedate=7 November 2001|publisher=Kuro5hin}}</ref> N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. [[:en:Mainstream_media|Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi]] bụ na ''The New York Times'' na 20 Septemba 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Meyers|first=Peter|date=20 September 2001|title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> === Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ === Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2001|title=Alternative language Wikipedias|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html|accessdate=13 April 2010|work=Lists|publisher=Wikimedia|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120726/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html}}</ref> nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ {{Mono|[[Catalan Wikipedia|catalan.wikipedia.com]]}} (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Catalan Homepage|url=http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/http://catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage|archivedate=13 April 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka {{Mono|nihongo.wikipedia.com}}, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2001|title=Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/http://nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3|archivedate=20 April 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2001|title=Wikipedia: HomePage|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1|title=First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia|language=ca|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014959/https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac}}</ref> n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem. E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na [[:en:Hungarian_Wikipedia|Hungarian]] sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage from the Internet Archive|url=http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/http://ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage|archivedate=18 November 2001|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history|title=International Wikipedia|publisher=Wikipedia|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ [[:en:Afrikaans_Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans_Wikipedia][[:en:Norwegian_Wikipedia|Norway]], na Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wikipedias statistics|url=http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030305012547/http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics|archivedate=5 March 2003|accessdate=13 April 2010|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. {{As of|2014}}, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Grand20" /> {{As of|2023}}, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|accessdate=2023-08-21|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> === Mmepe nke Wikipedia === [[Faịlụ:Old_Wikipedia.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002) ]] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu. Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye [[:en:Business_development|site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi]] site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya. Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020001720/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3|archivedate=20 October 2008|accessdate=22 October 2011|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium|url=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=en.citizendium.org|archivedate=20 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120030154/http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Family-Friendly_Policy}}</ref> <ref name="Nate Anderson">{{Cite web|author=Anderson|first=Nate|date=25 February 2007|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia|url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324225040/http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars|archivedate=24 March 2007|accessdate=25 March 2007|work=Ars Technica}}</ref> === Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga === Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035016/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/encyclopedias-are-time-capsules/419619/|archivedate=26 January 2021|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka [[:en:Wikipedia:Database_download|data dumps]], dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Koehrsen|first=Will|date=2018-10-26|title=Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia|url=https://medium.com/towards-data-science/wikipedia-data-science-working-with-the-worlds-largest-encyclopedia-c08efbac5f5c|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=Towards Data Science|language=en}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/zimarchive|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref> dị na [[:en:Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]], nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị [[:en:History_of_Wikipedia#English_Wikipedia_CD/DVD/Kiwix_ZIM_file_releases|CD/DVD]] atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]]. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive <ref name=":0" /> ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Index of /archive/zim/wikipedia|url=https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/|accessdate=25 June 2022|work=download.kiwix.org|archivedate=22 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622124809/https://download.kiwix.org/archive/zim/wikipedia/}}</ref> === Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi Ya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Old wikipedia logo.png|alt=This is the very first logo|Nke o ji malite – na ngwụcha 2001 (nke dị naanị nwa oge) File:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|alt=This is the second "improved" logo|Site na ngwụcha 2001 ruo 12 Ọktoba 2003 File:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|alt=This is the next logo.|13 October 2003 – 13 May 2010 File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|alt=This is the present logo|13 May 2010 ruo ugbu a </gallery> == Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009 === ==== 2000 ==== [[Faịlụ:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg|alt=The Bomis staff, summer 2000|thumb|Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000]] Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ [[Nupedia]]. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka [[Free content|ọdịnaya n'efu]]. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya. ==== 2001 ==== Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Larry Sanger|authorlink=Larry Sanger|date=10 January 2001|title=Let's make a wiki|work=Nupedia-l mailing list|publisher=Internet Archive|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka [[:en:Portmanteau|njikọ okwu]] nke okwu ''[[wiki]]'' (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana ''encyclopedia''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=[Nupedia-l] Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html|archivedate=14 April 2003|work=nupedia.com}}</ref> E debara aha ngalaba ''wikipedia.com'' na ''wikipedia.org'' na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006010812/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=6 October 2010|accessdate=6 September 2010|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Day|Ụbọchị Wikipedia]]"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" ([[wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]) n'oge a, na [[:en:Slashdot_effect|slashdotter wave]] nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. <ref name="slashdot26july"/> Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[:en:Western_Mail_(Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''. [[:en:September_11_attacks|Mwakpo nke Septemba 11]] kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Keegan|first=Brian|date=17 November 2020|title=How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html|accessdate=10 May 2021|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060557/https://slate.com/technology/2020/11/wikipedia-september-11-breaking-news.html}}</ref> Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pasternack|first=Alex|date=11 September 2021|title=How 9/11 turned a new site called Wikipedia into history's crowdsourced front page|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page|accessdate=11 September 2021|work=Fast Company|language=en-US|archivedate=11 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121514/https://www.fastcompany.com/90674998/how-9-11-turned-a-new-site-called-wikipedia-into-historys-crowdsourced-front-page}}</ref> ==== 2002 ==== 2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke ''[[:en:Enciclopedia_Libre|Enciclopedia Libre]]'' Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ [[MediaWiki]] mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara [[:en:Internet_bot|Bots]]. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya ([[Wiktionary]]) yana [[:en:Manual_of_Style|Manual of Style]]. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="Singer2002">{{Cite news|author=Singer|first=Michael|date=16 January 2002|title=Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One|work=[[Mecklermedia|Jupitermedia]]|url=http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/3531_956641}}</ref> ==== 2003 ==== [[Faịlụ:2003-08-31_English_Wikipedia_main_page.svg|thumb|Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003) ]] Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere [[Wikimedia Foundation|Ntọala Wikimedia]]. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. [[:de:Wikipedia:Stammtisch München/Archiv/2003|Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia]] mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara [[:en:Wikisource|Wikisource]] dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị. ==== 2004 ==== Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị ({{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}}) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, [[:en:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere [[Wikimedia Commons]] na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile. Bourgeois v. Peters, <ref name="Bour v Pete">{{Cite web|title=387 F.3d 1303|url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2012|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke [[:en:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit|United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Peoples, Lee|date=January 2010|title=The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions|url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=yjolt|journal=Yale Journal of Law and Technology|volume=12|issue=1}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"<ref name="Bour v Pete" /> Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na [[mw:Skin:Standard|Standard]] gaa na [[mw:Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]], interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MonoBook|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Skin:MonoBook|work=MediaWiki|accessdate=30 April 2026}}</ref> ==== 2005 ==== N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka [[:en:Hitwise|Hitwise]], si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005. Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, [[:en:Seigenthaler_incident|ihe omume Seigenthaler]], mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Growing pains for Wikipedia|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.cnet.com/culture/growing-pains-for-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380). [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_-_the_Wikimentary.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=00:17|thumb|200x200px|''Wikimania – the Wikimentary'', akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke [[Jimmy Wales]] na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya]] ==== 2006 ==== Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ [[:en:Jordanhill_railway_station|ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill]], na Machị 1, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lemon|first=Sumner|date=2 March 2006|title=Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2563140/millionth-english-article-posted-on-wikipedia.html|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. [[:en:United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia|ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu]] - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2007|title=brandchannel.com &#124; branding news|url=http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|accessdate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321033410/http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352|archivedate=21 March 2007}}</ref> Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma ([[:en:Wikipedia:100,000_feature-quality_articles|100,000 feature-quality articles]]). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006. ==== 2007 ==== Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na [[:en:Category:Wikipedia_publicity|ndị nta akụkọ]] - [[:en:Essjay_controversy|esemokwu Essjay]] malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. [[:en:Citizendium|Citizendium]], encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche. Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, ''El Hormiguero'' . <ref name="WFpressrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|title=English Wikipedia Reaches 2 Million Articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708005830/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Wikipedia_Reaches_2_Million_Articles|archivedate=8 July 2017|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|date=9 September 2007|accessdate=3 June 2012}}</ref> E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe [[:en:Volapük_Wikipedia|Volapük Wikipedia]] si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]. mere ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2007|title=Ciekawe wydarzenia w Internecie|url=http://www.pcworld.pl/artykuly/56502/MySpace.kontra.Facebook.html#t_34252|journal=PC World (Polish)|language=pl|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yves Nevelsteen|date=15 September 2007|title=Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329091247/http://www.liberafolio.org/2007/volapukapedio|archivedate=29 March 2013|accessdate=26 April 2013|work=Libera Folio|language=eo}}</ref> Dị ka ''[[:en:MIT_Technology_Review|MIT Technology Review]]'' si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.<ref name="MIT">{{Cite journal|author=Simonite|first=Tom|date=22 October 2013|title=The Decline of Wikipedia|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/|journal=[[MIT Technology Review]]|accessdate=6 December 2020}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 . ==== 2008 ==== Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara. ==== 2009 ==== Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe [[:en:Death_of_Michael_Jackson|ọnwụ Michael Jackson]] gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.<ref name="wikistats">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|title=Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100104/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|work=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ [[:en:Time_(magazine)|''TIME'']]<nowiki/>depụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Licensing update/Timeline – Meta|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline|accessdate=29 August 2022|work=meta.wikimedia.org|language=en|archivedate=17 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline}}</ref> === Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019 === ==== 2010 ==== Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.<ref name="New features">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7. ==== 2011 ==== [[Faịlụ:Armwikicake.png|thumb|Otu n'ime [[c:Wikipedia 10 Photo gallery#Wikipedia_10_Cakes|ọtụtụ achịcha]] e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia 10|url=https://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231212611/http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page|archivedate=31 December 2013|accessdate=26 February 2014|publisher=Ten.wikipedia.org}}</ref>]] Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe [[:en:Wikipedia:10_years_of_Wikipedia|ncheta ịgba afọ iri]] nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 November 2011|title=Wikipedia hosts India conference amid expansion push|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|first=Rajini|author=Vaidyanathan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15803308|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 January 2011|title=Wikipedia, 10 years old, targets India|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1116765620110112|accessdate=13 January 2011}}</ref> [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, [[:en:German_Wikipedia|German Wikipedia]] gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. [[:en:Dutch_Wikipedia|Dutch Wikipedia]] gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya. Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke [[:en:Italian_Parliament|Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali]], nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.<ref name="PCmagDDL">{{Cite web|title=Italian Wikipedia Hidden To Protest WireTap Law|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=PC Magazine|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/italian-wikipedia-hidden-to-protest-wiretap-law-288689}}</ref> Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kapoor|first=Amit|date=26 October 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks global operator partners to enable free access|work=Wikimedia blog|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2011/10/26/wikipedia-seeks-global-operator-partners-to-enable-free-access/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Zero|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101704/http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero|archivedate=29 May 2012|accessdate=27 May 2012|publisher=MediaWiki}}</ref> ==== 2012 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikimedia_Foundation_Wikipedia_Blackout_SOPA_January_18,_2012.theora.ogv|thumbtime=13|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọrụ [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] n'oge SOPA blackout mere]] Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ [[Jimmy Wales]] kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu [[:en:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act|Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị]] yana [[:en:PROTECT_IP_Act|Iwu PROTECT IP]], iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị [[Copyright infringement|ohi n'ịntanetị]]<nowiki/>a ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na [[:en:United_States_Congress|United States Congress]]. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ortenzi|first=T. J.|date=17 January 2012|title=Wikipedia blackout coming Wednesday, says co-founder Jimmy Wales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/wikipedia-blackout-coming-jan-18-says-co-founder-jimmy-wales/2012/01/16/gIQAh2Ke3P_blog.html|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2012|title=Russian Wikipedia shuts in protest|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/332016/Russian-Wikipedia-shuts-in-protest|publisher=UKPA via Google}}</ref> Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, [[m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikidata announcement on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101031943/https://www.facebook.com/wikipedia/posts/158388724283345|archivedate=1 January 2016|accessdate=28 October 2015|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|accessdate=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, [[:en:Gordon_and_Betty_Moore_Foundation|Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/|accessdate=16 March 2023|publisher=CNET|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055527/https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikidata-to-provide-structured-data-for-all-wikipedia-versions/}}</ref> Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2012|title=Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/}}</ref><ref name="WikidataLiveNow">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Justin_Anthony_Knapp_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|231x231px|Justin Knapp]] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html|first=James|author=Titcomb|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 April 2012|archivedate=19 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119233646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9215151/First-man-to-make-1-million-Wikipedia-edits.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=24 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Mashable|language=en|archivedate=16 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316055529/https://mashable.com/archive/wikipedia-volunteer-editor}}</ref> Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye ''Golden Wiki'' maka ihe ọ rụzuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820003926/http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/20/one-million-wikipedia-edits|archivedate=20 August 2012|accessdate=3 September 2012|work=Engadget|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". <ref name="declared">{{Cite news|author=Skelton|first=Alissa|date=23 April 2012|title=Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits|work=Mashable|url=http://mashable.com/2012/04/23/wikipedia-volunteer-editor/|accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . <ref name="4Million2012">{{Cite web|date=13 July 2012|title=English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222030833/http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/07/english-language-wikipedia-hits-4-million-articles/|archivedate=22 December 2012|accessdate=13 July 2012|work=Wikimedia UK Blog|publisher=[[Wikimedia UK]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rosen|first=Rebecca J.|date=25 October 2012|title=Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028064456/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/surmounting-the-insurmountable-wikipedia-is-nearing-completion-in-a-sense/264111/|archivedate=28 October 2012|accessdate=27 October 2012|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoNov12">{{Cite web|title=Amazon Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=alexa.com|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fifth-Biggest Site in the World Operated on a Budget of $27M Last Year|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225138/http://allthingsd.com/20121220/the-fifth-biggest-site-in-the-world-operated-on-a-budget-of-27m-last-year/|archivedate=6 December 2013|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na [[:en:Spanish_Wikipedia|Spanish]]<nowiki/>nwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba [[:en:Polish_Wikipedia|Wikipedia Polish]] nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, [[:en:Committee_for_Small_Body_Nomenclature#Minor_planets|Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha]] gbanwere aha [[:en:Main_belt_asteroid|main belt asteroid]] [[:en:274301_Wikipedia|274301]] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".<ref name="TND-20130205">{{Cite web|author=Workman|first=Robert|date=5 February 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|url=http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105134/http://www.technewsdaily.com/16749-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|archivedate=6 February 2013|accessdate=7 February 2013|publisher=[[TechMediaNetwork, Inc.|TechNewsDaily]]}}</ref> Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.<ref name="WikidataLiveNow" /> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Willsher|first=Kim|date=7 April 2013|title=French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/french-secret-service-wikipedia-page|accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Wikimania_2013_-_VisualEditor_-_The_present_and_future_of_editing_our_wikis.webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor]] N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji [[Wiki|akara wiki]].<ref name="VisualEd2013">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="MobileWiki2013">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_Edit_2014.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia]] N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks">{{Cite news|date=1 March 2014|title=The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21597959-popular-online-encyclopedia-must-work-out-what-next-wikipeaks|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2014|title=Wikipedia 1,000-volume print edition planned|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311014332/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/20/wikipedia-1000-volume-print-edition-crowdfunding|archivedate=11 March 2014|accessdate=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Day, Matthew|date=10 October 2014|title=Polish town to build statue honouring Wikipedia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11153603/Polish-town-to-build-statue-honouring-Wikipedia.html|archivedate=11 October 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, [[:en:Waray_Wikipedia|Waray Wikipedia]], Wikipedia Vietnamese yana [[:en:Cebuano_Wikipedia|Cebuano Wikipedia]] nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara. ==== 2015 ==== [[Faịlụ:Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe [[:en:Wikipedia:Five_million_articles|isiokwu nde ise]] na 1 Nọvemba 2015]] N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, <ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035134/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=9 October 2017|accessdate=9 October 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.<ref name="Grand20">{{Cite web|title=List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219233704/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Grand_Total|archivedate=19 December 2014|accessdate=20 December 2014|publisher=Wikimedia.org}}</ref> Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke [[:en:Page_view|ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ]] site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.<ref name="EconWikiPeaks" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 April 2011|title=Wikimedia Statistics|url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="comScore2012">{{Cite web|date=24 February 2015|title=comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071240/http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Market-Rankings/comScore-Ranks-the-Top-50-US-Digital-Media-Properties-for-January-2015|archivedate=17 March 2015|accessdate=17 March 2015|publisher=comScore}}</ref><ref name="AlexaSiteInfoOct26" /> [[Faịlụ:Print_Wikipedia_(no_subtitles).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.]] Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|author=Schuessler|first=Jennifer|date=16 June 2015|title=Moving Wikipedia From Computer to Many, Many Bookshelves|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/books/moving-wikipedia-from-computer-to-many-many-bookshelves.html|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref> N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na ''Persoonia terminalis'', bụ ụdị akụmakụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara ''Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-17|title=Wikipedia, Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2015/06/17/actualidad/1434535111_709353.html|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Poyo|first=Ana|date=2015-10-22|title=Los Premios Princesa de Asturias 2015 (al detalle)|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/agenda-premios-princesa-asturias-2015-ceremonia-entrega-reyes-felipe-letizia-mejores-looks-leonor-de-borbon/23909|accessdate=2026-02-04|work=Vogue España|language=es-ES}}</ref> ==== 2016 ==== Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706214359/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=6 July 2016|accessdate=7 July 2016|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. ==== 2017 ==== N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka [[:en:Alexa_Internet|Alexa Internet]] si kwuo, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Site Info|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704011642/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|archivedate=4 July 2017|accessdate=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey [[:en:Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey|gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey]]. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ja.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org|work=[[GreatFire]]|accessdate=7 April 2018|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065845/https://en.greatfire.org/https/ja.wikipedia.org}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2015|title=Wikipedia founder defends decision to encrypt the site in China|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china|accessdate=17 April 2018|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141751/https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/4/9260981/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-china}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ ''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Perdão de Richard Nixon]]'' (''[[:pt:Perdão de Richard Nixon|Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon]]''). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|accessdate=28 October 2018|work=alexa.com|language=en|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji [[:en:Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AI spots 40,000 prominent scientists overlooked by Wikipedia|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/8/17663544/ai-scientists-wikipedia-primer|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. <ref name="cn2019apr">{{Cite news|author=Gandolfo|first=Ryan|title=Wikipedia Currently Down in China|work=That's Beijing|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/beijing/post/27660/wikipedia-currently-down-in-china|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ooni">{{Cite web|author=Sukhbir Singh|date=4 May 2019|title=China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia|url=https://ooni.io/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/|accessdate=7 May 2019|publisher=Open Observatory of Network Interference|quote=The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Wikipedia have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Wikipedia domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present the same DNS anomalies for all Wikipedia sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Wikipedia by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.}}</ref> Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke [[:en:1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre|ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989]] na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke [[:en:May_Fourth_Movement|May Fourth Movemen]], nke mere ka [[:en:Internet_censorship_in_China|nnyocha ịntanetị na China]] sie ike karịa.<ref name="515news18">{{Cite news|date=15 May 2019|title=Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary, Chinese Government Blocks Wikipedia|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/ahead-of-tiananmen-anniversary-chinese-government-blocks-wikipedia-2142621.html|accessdate=2 June 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Taylor|first=Chris|date=2019-04-17|title=There may be a copy of Wikipedia somewhere on the moon. Here's how to help find it.|url=https://mashable.com/article/moon-library-beresheet-crash-wikipedia|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref>  ===Afọ Iri Nke Atọ (2020 ruo Ugbu a)=== ====2020==== N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2020, agbakwunyere isiokwu mezuru ya nde isii, bụ akụkọ ndụ [[Maria Elise Turner Lauder]], na Wikipedia Bekee. N'agbanyeghị uto a n'isiokwu ndị dị na ya, ntinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Wikipedia, dịka Alexa tụrụ, nọgidere na-ebelata. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Wikipedia dara ruo ịbụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na otu n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com2">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> A na-eche na akụkọ Wikipedia banyere [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|nsogbu ọrịa COVID-19]] na ndezi nkwado ndị metụtara ya, mkparịta ụka gasị, na ọbụna nhichapụ ndị e mere bụ ihe bara uru maka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọdịnihu ga-achọ ịghọta oge ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=27 May 2020|title=Future Historians Will Need Access to Coronavirus Misinformation|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html|work=Slate|accessdate=9 June 2020|archivedate=27 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527165139/https://slate.com/technology/2020/05/wikipedia-coronavirus-information-future-historians.html}}</ref> [[World Health Organization|Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa]] jikọrọ aka ha na Wikipedia dị ka isi ihe maka mgbasa ozi metụtara COVID-19 iji nyere aka lụso mgbasa ozi na-ezighi ezi ọgụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Matt|first=Chase|date=9 January 2021|title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher|accessdate=9 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McNeil|first=Donald G.|date=22 October 2020|title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064918/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html|archivedate=27 December 2020|accessdate=25 October 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> '''2021''' Na Jenụwarị 2021, e kwuru n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na a na-eme ncheta [[Wikipedia:20th anniversary|Afọ iri abụọ nke Wikipedia]]. <ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|author=Kelly|first=Heather|date=15 January 2021|title=Technology: On its 20th birthday, Wikipedia might be the safest place online|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/15/wikipedia-20-year-anniversary/|quote=The world's largest online encyclopedia has learned lessons from fighting misinformation for two decades|accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Kent">{{Cite web|author=Kent|first=German|date=15 January 2021|title=In a post-truth world, we need Wikipedia more than ever|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/|publisher=[[CNET]]|quote=Commentary: Wikipedia celebrated its 20th anniversary today. The free encyclopedia may not be exciting, but its neutral, volunteer-driven content is incredibly valuable.|accessdate=16 January 2021|archivedate=21 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221144855/https://www.cnet.com/news/in-a-post-truth-world-we-need-wikipedia-more-than-ever/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World in Progress: 20 years of Wikipedia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|format=Audio|quote=The year marks the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. Every month, more than 1.7 billion people visit the open-source website in search of information about, well, just about anything! We speak with Dr. Bernie Hogan from the [[Oxford Internet Institute]] about Wikipedia's successes, where it fits into the discrimination crisis, and the website's future.|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=5 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005082902/https://www.dw.com/en/world-in-progress-20-years-of-wikipedia/av-56212410}}</ref><ref name="Wales">{{Cite web|author=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=14 January 2021|title=As Wikipedia turns 20 it aims to reach more readers|url=https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a|quote=Wikipedia is the web's seventh-most visited site|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=23 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923105157/https://news.yahoo.com/wikipedia-turns-20-aims-reach-035212015.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHKHaTI72xUEUz_BdVPt8DFvi-uLdmApcbSckrJrAbM_GpTwHsHtNHRdxX-KYAS6xk81e_p_w46bfh10PJVV7cmUzE-pWR5gsID2T8Kd1k0u-2r78p4Y4V16CKTPFcWRJzV0LwQMJyuEeeR7Vv-_lfVBiCT30KvF47aGzyE3QP-a}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2021, Wikipedia Bekee ruru otu ijeri ndezi e mere na ya, ebe [[Steven Pruitt]] mere ndezi nke mezuru ya otu ijeri.<ref name="vice.com">{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|title=The English Language Wikipedia Just Had Its Billionth Edit|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115145145/https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7appn/the-english-language-wikipedia-just-had-its-billionth-edit|archivedate=15 January 2021|accessdate=26 February 2021|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref> [[:en:MIT_Press|MIT Press]] bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede [[:en:Open_access|open access]] bụ ''[[:en:Wikipedia_@_20|Wikipedia @ 20]]'': Stories of an Unfinished Revolution, nke [[Joseph M. Reagle Jr.|Joseph Reagle]] na Jackie Koerner dezigharịrị nke ntinye banyere ya sitere n'aka ndị Wikipedia, ndị Wikimedia, ndị nchọpụta, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-atụgharị uche na akụkọ na isiokwu ụfọdụ. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/wikipedia-20|title=Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution|date=2020|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0262538176|editor=Reagle|location=Cambridge, MA|language=en|accessdate=12 November 2021}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Wikipedia adaala bụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke iri na atọ n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="alexa.com3">{{Cite web|title=wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic – Alexa|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org|work=alexa.com|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=25 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825070245/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org}}</ref> '''2022''' N'abalị isii ọnwa Disemba 2022, onye Wikipedian [[Richard Knipel]] mepụtara isiokwu [[:en:Artwork_title|Artwork title]], nke mmezigharị mbụ ya bụ draft nke [[:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] mepụtara, nke Knipel mere obere ndezi na ya iji kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ Wikipedia. Knipel kwuru na [[:en:Talk_page|ibe mkparịtaụka]] na o kwenyere na nke a bụ oge mbụ onye ọbụla jiri ChatGPT dee edemede Wikipedia. Ndị ndezi ndị ọzọ katọrọ mbipụta nke isiokwu a ma kpata esemokwu n'ime obodo Wikipedia, na-eduga na arụmụka sara mbara banyere ma a ga-eji ChatGPT na ụdị ndị yiri ya dee ọdịnaya maka Wikipedia na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị otú ahụ, ruo n'ókè ole?.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=12 January 2023|title=Should ChatGPT Be Used to Write Wikipedia Articles?|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html|accessdate=30 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en|archivedate=28 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128200141/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/chatgpt-wikipedia-articles.html}}</ref> '''2023''' Na Jenụwarị 2023, a gbanwere interface desktọọpụ Wikipedia na nke mbụ kemgbe 2010, gaa na [[Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia|Vector 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=19 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119234339/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/}}</ref> Njikọ ọhụrụ ahụ nwetara nkatọ dị ukwuu site n'aka ndị ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mmegide lekwasịrị anya na nhazi nke obosara ya, nke mepụtara ohere ọcha gabigara ókè n'akụkụ ya niile na monitor ndị sara mbara, na-eduga na mkparịta ụka dị okwu puku iri itoolu ma akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ kwesịrị ịghọ nke ndabara. [[Swahili Wikipedia|Wikipedia Swahili]] ji otu olu tụọ vootu ịjụ akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ ma "n'ụzọ dị njọ" chọọ ịlaghachi na akpụkpọ nke ochie. Nkatọ ndị ọzọ gara na Wikimedia Foundation maka iwe ndị otu imepụta ihe nwere obere ahụmịhe na wikis. Brandon Harris, onye bụ onye isi na-emepụta ihe na Wikipedia site na 2010 ruo 2014, kwuru, sị: "Wikimedia Foundation mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-amaghị wiki nke ọma, ha na-abata ma gbalịa ime mgbanwe ndị a niile - na-agba ọsọ na mbụ banye n'ime mkpọtụ ụzụ - bụ ụzọ obodo ahụ na-esi eguzogide nke ọma".<ref name="slate">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Wikimedia Sound Logo Finalist VQ97.wav|thumb|[[Sound logo]] of Wikimedia (including Wikipedia)<ref name="wikimediafoundation.org">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=Wikipedia's new sound logo: Winner of The Sound of All Human Knowledge contest announced |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101352/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/28/wikipedias-new-sound-logo-winner/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Mgbe mkparịta ụka na asọmpi gasịrị, a nabatara [[:en:Sound_logo|akara ngosi ụda]] mbụ nke Wikimedia (gụnyere Wikipedia). <ref name="wikimediafoundation.org" /> '''2024''' Na Jenụwarị 13, 2024, etinyere otu Wikipedia Bekee, echekwara na [[5D optical data storage|Nchekwa data anya 5D]], n'ụlọ nnyocha dị n'okpuru ala na Switzerland, na-enwe ikike ịnọgide na nchekwa ruo ijeri afọ iri na anọ, n'ihi teknụzụ nchekwa ejiri. Enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na iji [[:en:Microscope|microscope]], na-enweghị mkpa iji [[Digital electronics|teknụzụ dijitalụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Vault|url=https://www.archmission.org/gkv|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=July 30, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260730024832/https://www.archmission.org/gkv}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2024, e nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ibugo otu Wikipedia Bekee n'ime ọnwa, dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Galactic Legacy Archive. Ọrụ ahụ bụ nke [[:en:Intuitive_Machines|Intuitive Machines]], ebe [[SpaceX]] tụbara rọket ahụ. A na-echekwa data ahụ dị ka iji layer iri na isii nke nickel, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ nwere ike ịnọ n'elu ọnwa ruo ijeri afọ ise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Galactic Legacy Archive|url=https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth.|language=en-US|archivedate=March 28, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153354/https://www.archmission.org/galactic-legacy-archive}}</ref> '''2025''' N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, ewepụtara [[:en:Wikipedia:Temporary_accounts|akaụntụ nwa oge]] maka ndị editọ Wikipedia pụrụ na akaụntụ ha, na-anọchi anya iji [[Wikipedia:IP users|Adreesị IP]]. '''2026''' [[File:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|thumb|Illustration of Baby Globe scrolling on a phone]] N'abalị iri na ise ọnwa Jenụwarị 2026, Wikipedia mere emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-28|title=Wikipedia is needed now more than ever, 25 years on|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00074-1|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=649|issue=8099|pages=1079–1080|doi=10.1038/d41586-026-00074-1|pmid=41606158|issn=1476-4687|accessdate=February 4, 2026}}</ref> E mepụtara ihe ngosi na "oge capsule" dị ka akụkụ nke ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Roth|first=Emma|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia turns 25 and shares a glimpse into the lives of its volunteer editors|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=The Verge|language=en-US|archivedate=February 27, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227081325/https://www.theverge.com/news/861935/wikipedia-25th-anniversary-2026}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ihe nkedo nke onye ọrụ BaduFerreira mepụtara nke a na-akpọ [[Baby Globe]]. Ọ pụtara mgbe emere usoro ncheta ọmụmụ na Wikipedia. E mepụtara [[:en:Collectable|ihe mkpofu]] [[:en:Plush|na-anakọta]] Baby Globe na mmekorita ya na Makeship.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fear|first=Natalie|date=2026-01-15|title=Wikipedia's new mascot is too cute for words|url=https://www.creativebloq.com/design/wikipedia-unveils-adorable-mascot-for-25th-anniversary|accessdate=2026-02-25|work=Creative Bloq|language=en}}</ref> E wepụrụ Baby Globe na saịtị Wikipedia na Eprel 7. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Baby Globe, Wikipedia's 25th birthday mascot|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/|accessdate=2026-04-14|work=Wikimedia Foundation|language=en|archivedate=February 24, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224032253/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/}}</ref> N'abalị ir abụọ na asaa ọnwa Machị 2026, Wikipedia machibidoro iji ọdịnaya nke [[Large language model|LLMs]] mepụtara na isiokwu ya, ma e wezụga nsụgharị na obere mbipụta ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Milman|first=Oliver|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans AI-generated content in its online encyclopedia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/27/wikipedia-bans-ai|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-27|title=Wikipedia bans one type of content after 'heated debate'|url=https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790|accessdate=2026-03-31|work=Newsweek|language=en|archivedate=July 29, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260729125759/https://www.newsweek.com/wikipedia-bans-ai-content-after-debate-11746790}}</ref> N'abalị ir na otu ọnwa Mee 2026, Wikipedia wepụtara 25th Anniversary Reading Challenge maka ngwa iOS site na Mee iri na otu ruo Jun abalị iri na asatọ, ma weghachitekwa Baby Globe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title=Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|accessdate=2026-06-14|work=MediaWiki|language=en|archivedate=June 5, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605021801/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge}}</ref> ==Akụkọ ihe mere eme site n’akụkụ isiokwu== ===Ngwaike na Ngwanrọ=== * N’ọnwa Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia na-arụ ọrụ n’elu [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]], nke [[:en:Clifford_Adams|Clifford Adams]] dere n’asụsụ mmemme [[:en:Perl|Perl]]. Sava ahụ ka na-arụ ọrụ n’elu [[:en:Linux|Linux]], ọ bụ ezie na e debere ederede mbụ n’ime faịlụ kama ịnọ n’ime nchekwa data. A na-akpọ isiokwu ndị ahụ site n’iji usoro [[:en:CamelCase|CamelCase]]. * N’ọnwa Jenụwarị 2002, e webatara '''“'''Phase II'''”''' nke ngwanrọ wiki na-akwado Wikipedia, dochie [[:en:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] ochie. [[:en:Magnus_Manske|Magnus Manske]] dere ya kpọmkwem maka ọrụ ahụ, ma o nwere [[:en:Wiki_engine|wiki engine]] nke e dere n’asụsụ [[:en:PHP|PHP]]'''.''' * N’ọnwa Julaị 2002, e tinyere n’ọrụ [[:en:Rewrite_(programming)|mmegharị ukwu nke ngwanrọ]] na-akwado Wikipedia; a kpọrọ ya '''“'''Phase III'''”'''. Ọ dochiri ụdị “Phase II” ochie ma bụrụ [[:en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]]. Ọ bụ [[:en:Lee_Daniel_Crocker|Lee Daniel Crocker]] dere ya n’ihi mkpa ọrụ ahụ na-abawanye ka Wikipedia na-eto. * N’ọnwa Ọktoba 2002, Derek Ramsey mepụtara [[:en:Internet_bot|bot]] —usoro mmemme na-arụ ọrụ na-akpaghị aka nke a kpọrọ [[:en:Rambot|Rambot]] — iji tinye ọtụtụ isiokwu gbasara obodo ndị dị na United States. E mepụtara isiokwu ndị a na-akpaghị aka site na data [[:en:U.S._census|ngụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na United States]]'''.''' N’ụzọ dị otú a, o mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu Wikipedia bawanye site n'ọnụọgụ dị puku iri atọ na atọ narị asatọ na iri atọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Lih|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWuZAAAAQBAJ&q=%22Derek+Ramsey+%28Wikipedian%29%22|title=The Wikipedia Revolution|date=2009|publisher=Hachette Digital, Inc|isbn=978-1401395858|pages=99–106|authorlink=Andrew Lih}}</ref> A kpọrọ ihe omume a '''“'''mmegharị kacha kpatara esemokwu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia.'''”'''.<ref>Lih, p. 99.</ref> * N’ọnwa Jenụwarị 2003, agbakwunyere nkwado maka usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ n’asụsụ [[:en:TeX|TeX]]. Ọ bụ Tomasz Węgrzanowski nyere koodu ahụ * Na 9 Juún 2003, a gbanwere [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] interface nke Wikipedia iji mee ka ISBN ndị dị n’ime isiokwu wee nwee njikọ ha na Special:Booksources, nke na-enweta ọdịnaya ya site na ibe ndị ọrụ nwere ike idezi, Wikipedia:Book sources. Tupu oge ahụ, e tinyere ebe njikọ ISBN gaa n’ime ngwanrọ ahụ n’onwe ya, ma na-atụ aro njikọ ọhụrụ na ibe Wikipedia:ISBN. Lee ndezi nke gbanwere nke a. * Mgbe abalị isii ọnwa Disemba 2003 gachara, ozi sistemụ dị iche iche a na-egosi ndị ọrụ Wikipedia kwụsịziri ịbụ ụdị [[:en:Hard_coding|hard coded]]; nke a nyere ndị nchịkwa Wikipedia ohere ịgbanwe akụkụ ụfọdụ nke interface MediaWiki, dịka ozi a na-egosi ndị ọrụ a kpọchiri. * Na 12 Febụwarị 2004, a kpaliri ọrụ sava site na San Diego, California gaa [[Tampa, Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Server swapping soon|url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2004-February/008420.html|work=lists.wikimedia.org|accessdate=10 February 2007|archivedate=18 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618061009/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2004-February/008420.html}}</ref> * N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu ọnwa Mee 2004''',''' e melitere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ dị iche iche niile ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke ngwanrọ [[MediaWiki]] * N'abalị iri atọ ọnwa Mee 2004, ihe atụ mbụ nke ntinye '''“'''categorization'''”''' (nhazi n’ụdị otu/category) pụtara. Usoro ụdị dị iche iche dịka Recent Changes yana Edit This Page adịlarị kemgbe e guzobere Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, Sanger lere usoro ndị a anya dịka ndepụta, ma ọbụna na-etinye isiokwu ụfọdụ n’aka ya, ebe ọrụ nhazi n’ụdị otu lekwasịrị anya n’itinye category nke ọbụla n’isiokwu nke ọbụla dị na encyclopedia ahụ, dịka akụkụ nke usoro buru ibu nke iji akpaghị aka hazie isiokwu niile nke encyclopedia <ref>"[[Wikipedia:Categorization]]", Wikipedia.</ref> * Mgbe 3 Jun 2004 gachara, ndị nchịkwa nwere ike idezi ụdị na ọdịdị interface ahụ site n’ịgbanwe [[:en:Cascading_Style_Sheets|CSS]] (Cascading Style Sheets) dị na stylesheet monobook na[[MediaWiki:Monobook.css]] * Ọzọkwa na 30 Mee 2004, na MediaWiki 1.3, e mepụtara oghere aha Template, na-enye ohere [[:en:Transclusion|ịmegharị]] ederede ọkọlọtọ.<ref>"[[Wikipedia:Template namespace]]", Wikipedia.</ref> * Na 7 Jun 2005 n'elekere atọ nke ụtụtụ, oge [[:en:Eastern_Time_Zone|Eastern Standard Time]], a kpaliri ọtụtụ sava Wikimedia gaa n’ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ dị n’akụkụ okporo ụzọ ahụ. Ọrụ Wikimedia niile kwụsịrị nwa oge n’oge a * N’ọnwa Maachị 2013, e mere ka akụkụ mbụ nke [[:en:Wikidata|Wikidata]] interwiki database dịrị n’akwụkwọ Wikipedia n’asụsụ dị iche iche <ref name="WikidataLiveNow2">{{Cite web|author=Pintscher, Lydia|date=13 February 2013|title=Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia|url=http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219054033/http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/02/13/wikidata-live-on-the-english-wikipedia/|archivedate=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 February 2013|publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> * N’ọnwa Julaị 2013, a malitere VisualEditor editing interface, nke nyere ndị ọrụ ohere idezi Wikipedia site na iji [[:en:WYSIWYG|WYSIWYG]] text editor (nke yiri [[:en:Word_processor|word processor]]) kama iji [[:en:Wiki_markup|akara wiki]]. E wepụtakwara interface ndezi nke e mere ka ọ daba adaba maka ngwa mkpanaka (mobile devices).<ref name="VisualEd20132">{{Cite news|author=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2 July 2013|title=Boot up: wireless contact lens, Wikipedia's visual editing, Samsung's share slide and more|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2013/jul/02/rabbit-contact-lens|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="MobileWiki20132">{{Cite web|author=Gonera|first=Juliusz|date=25 July 2013|title=Edit Wikipedia on the go|url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/|accessdate=16 March 2023|work=Diff|language=en-US|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325104612/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/07/25/edit-wikipedia-on-the-go/}}</ref> ===Ọdịdị Ile Anya Na Mmetụta=== * N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2002, a kpaliri BrilliantProse, nke e mechara kpọọ Featured Articles, site na article namespace gaa na Wikipedia namespace<ref>"[[Wikipedia:Featured articles]]".</ref> * N’ihe dị ka abalị iri na ise ọnwa Ọktoba 2003, e tinyere akara ngosi njirimara Wikipedia ọhụrụ. A họpụtara echiche logo ahụ site n’usoro ịtụ vootu, nke e mechara soro usoro mmegharị iji họrọ ụdị ndị kacha mma. David Friedland (onye na-edezi Wikipedia site n’aha njirimara ''“nohat”'') mepụtara ụdị ikpeazụ ahụ, dabere na atụmatụ na echiche logo nke Paul Stansifer mepụtara.<ref name="logovote">{{Cite web|title=International logo vote/Finalists|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_logo_vote/Finalists|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716073834/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_logo_vote/Finalists|archivedate=16 July 2006|accessdate=8 July 2006|work=Meta-Wiki|publisher=Wikimedia}}</ref> * N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2004, Did You Know (DYK) pụtara na Main Page nke mbụ ya. * N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2004, n’elekere 19:46 UTC, e gosipụtara ọdịdị ọhụrụ ahaziri nke ọma maka Ihu Mbụ. Ihe ndị a họpụtara n’aka maka Daily Featured Article, Anniversaries, In the News, na Did You Know mezuru ọdịdị ọhụrụ ahụ. * N'abalị iri ọnwa Jenụwarị 2005, e guzobere portal nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ na www.wikipedia.org, iji dochie njikọ ntụgharị (redirect) nke na-eduga na Wikipedia nke asụsụ Bekee. * N'abalị ise ọnwa Febụwarị 2005, e mepụtara Portal:Biology, na-aghọ "portal" mbụ na Wikipedia Bekee.<ref>"[[Portal:Biology]]".</ref> Otú ọ dị, echiche a malitere na German Wikipedia, ebe e guzobere [[:de:Portal:Recht|Portal:Recht]] (ọmụmụ iwu) n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2003. <ref>[[:de:Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Portale/2003|Portals on German Wikipedia ordered by date of creation]].</ref> ** N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2005, Wikipedia Bekee malitere itinye "ihe osise ndị e gosipụtara" n'ụbọchị ahụ na Ihu Mbụ ya. ** N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2006, mgbe ntuli aka gasịrị, Ihu Mbụ nke Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee gosipụtara nhazigharị mbụ ya n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ abụọ. ** N'abalị iri na atọ ọnwa Mee 2010, saịtị ahụ wepụtara interface ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtara gụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ ngagharị n'ibe ahụ, na link wizard.<ref name="New features2">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:UsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|title=New features|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=6 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822062045/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AUsabilityInitiativePrefSwitch|archivedate=22 August 2010}}</ref> ===Mgbanwe nhazi E Mere na 2023=== A mara ọkwa Vector 2022, bụ mmelite nke [[Skin (computing)|akpụkpọ ahụ]] Wikipedia a na-ejibu bụ Vector 2010, nke e mere atụmatụ maka mmalite ya na mbụ na 2021, tupu emesịa tinye ya n'ọrụ na Jenụwarị 2023.<ref name="cnn">{{Cite web|author=Kurtz|first=Jason|date=24 September 2020|title=Wikipedia due to get its first substantial website redesign in a decade|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/24/tech/wikipedia-redesign-trnd/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120112945/https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/24/tech/wikipedia-redesign-trnd/index.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|publisher=CNN Business|language=en}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2023, Wikimedia emeela ka mmelite ahụ dị na nari atọ nke [[List of Wikipedias|mbipụta asụsụ ya dị cihe iche]]; ọ bụkwa ndabara maka nsụgharị Arabic na Greek.<ref name="engadget">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia's first desktop design update in a decade doesn't rock the boat (updated)|url=https://www.engadget.com/wikipedia-desktop-web-redesign-211000932.html|first=Jon|author=Fingas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119195554/https://www.engadget.com/wikipedia-desktop-web-redesign-211000932.html|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Engadget|date=19 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="slate2">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref><ref name="pcmag">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Desktop Site Gets New Look, Its First in Over 10 Years|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119123429/https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=PC Magazine|date=18 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> Vector 2022 na-egosipụta [[User interface|interface onye ọrụ]] e degharịrị nke nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe na nhazi nke ihe ndị dị na ya bụ interface. N'etiti ha, menu nhọrọ asụsụ, nke dịbu n'aka ekpe nke ihuenyo onye ọrụ, dị ugbu a n'elu aka nri na ngosipụta nke isiokwu nke ọbụla a na-agụ.<ref name="pcmag2">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Desktop Site Gets New Look, Its First in Over 10 Years|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119123429/https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=PC Magazine|date=18 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, a ga-abịachinwu sidebar nke dị n'azụ [[Hamburger button|bọtịnụ hamburger]]. Vector 2022 na-mgbakwunye, na-amụba [[Margin (typography)|akụkụ obosara]] nke ngosipụta isiokwu ahụ, nke nwere mmetụta nke igbochi ogologo nke isiokwu ahụ; <ref name="pcmag2" /> mgbanwe dị nke nwere ike ibelata akụkụ ma gbasaa obosara akara nke isiokwu ahụ iji mejupụta ihuenyo.<ref name="techcrunch">{{Cite web|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia gets its first makeover in over a decade... and it's fairly subtle|url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-its-first-makeover-in-over-a-decade-and-its-fairly-subtle/|work=techcrunch.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119214848/https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-its-first-makeover-in-over-a-decade-and-its-fairly-subtle/|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="slate3">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> A mụbabeghị nha ndabara nke ederede ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] gwara ''Engadget'' na ha nwere olileanya ime ka nke a bụrụ nhọrọ n'ọdịnihu.<ref name="engadget2">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia's first desktop design update in a decade doesn't rock the boat (updated)|url=https://www.engadget.com/wikipedia-desktop-web-redesign-211000932.html|first=Jon|author=Fingas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119195554/https://www.engadget.com/wikipedia-desktop-web-redesign-211000932.html|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Engadget|date=19 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref> E mekwara ka nhọrọ ọchụchọ ahụ dị ọhụrụ na Vector 2022, dịka nsonaazụ a tụrụ aro ha na nzaghachi maka ajụjụ ndị ọrụ na-ajụ, gụnyere ugbu a foto na nkọwa dị mkpirikpi site na ibe ndị a na-ekwu maka ha. <ref name="pcmag2" /> <ref name="business-insider">{{Cite web|author=Nguyen|first=Britney|title=It's not just you {{snd}} Wikipedia looks different|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/new-wikipedia-update-looks-different-desktop-redesign-2023-1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012218/https://www.businessinsider.com/new-wikipedia-update-looks-different-desktop-redesign-2023-1|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> [[:en:Wikimedia_Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] kwuru na ọ bụ ọchịchọ imeziwanye saịtị ahụ ma melite ahụmịhe mkpagharị na ndezi na saịtị ahụ maka ndị na-agụ ya na-amaghị ka e si eji ịntanetị kpaliri mgbanwe ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na a na-eweere akpụkpọ dịbu adị dị ka "ihe na-adịghị mma na ihe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ". <ref name="cnn2">{{Cite web|author=Kurtz|first=Jason|date=24 September 2020|title=Wikipedia due to get its first substantial website redesign in a decade|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/24/tech/wikipedia-redesign-trnd/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120112945/https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/24/tech/wikipedia-redesign-trnd/index.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|publisher=CNN Business|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="engadget3">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia's first desktop design update in a decade doesn't rock the boat (updated)|url=https://www.engadget.com/wikipedia-desktop-web-redesign-211000932.html|first=Jon|author=Fingas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119195554/https://www.engadget.com/wikipedia-desktop-web-redesign-211000932.html|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Engadget|date=19 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="techcrunch2">{{Cite web|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia gets its first makeover in over a decade... and it's fairly subtle|url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-its-first-makeover-in-over-a-decade-and-its-fairly-subtle/|work=techcrunch.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119214848/https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-its-first-makeover-in-over-a-decade-and-its-fairly-subtle/|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref>Nnyocha ndị foundation ahụ mere gosiri na mmụba ruru pasent iri atọ nke ndị ọrụ ịchọ ihe na saịtị ahụ, na mbelata n'ogo ruru pasent iri na ise na mkpagharị na saịtị ahụ.<ref name="engadget3" /><ref name="techcrunch2" /> Ụdị mbụ nke Vector 2022 malitere na 2020 na saịtị Wikipedia French-, Hebrew-, na Portuguese, <ref name="cnn2" /> dịka a na-agbasa ihe ọhụrụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ ọhụrụ ahụ nye ndị ọrụ iji nwalee ya nke nta nke nta tupu a tọhapụ ya kpamkpam. <ref name="verge">{{Cite web|author=Lyles|first=Taylor|date=24 September 2020|title=Wikipedia is getting its first desktop redesign in 10 years|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/23/21453300/wikipedia-desktop-redesign-2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120152848/https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/23/21453300/wikipedia-desktop-redesign-2021|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=The Verge|language=en-US}}</ref> Akpụkpọ ahụ malitere ịbụ akpụkpọ ahụ ndabara maka ndị na-agụ saịtị Wikimedia n'asụsụ nari atọ (n'ime narị atọ na iri na asatọ) n'abalị iri na asatọ ọnwa Jenụwarị 2023.<ref name="engadget3" /><ref name="slate4">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref><ref name="pcmag3">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Desktop Site Gets New Look, Its First in Over 10 Years|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119123429/https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=PC Magazine|date=18 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> N'ịgbaso mgbasa n'igwe nke Vector 2022, ọ ka ga-ekwe omume ịgụ Wikipedia site na iji akpụkpọ ahụ gara aga. Otú ọ dị, ime nke a chọrọ ka ndị na-agụ ya debanye aha maka imepe akaụntụ Wikipedia, wee mee nhọrọ ha iji gosipụta Vector 2010 kama.<ref name="pcmag4">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia Desktop Site Gets New Look, Its First in Over 10 Years|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119123429/https://www.pcmag.com/news/wikipedia-desktop-site-gets-new-look-its-first-in-over-10-years|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=PC Magazine|date=18 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> Enweghị mgbanwe e mere na akpụkpọ Wikipedia dị ugbu a dị ka Monobook na Timeless, nke ka dị kwa iji mee ihe.<ref name="slate5">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref><ref name="gizmodo">{{Cite web|date=18 January 2023|title=Try and Spot the Differences in Wikipedia's First New Look in 11 Years|url=https://gizmodo.com/wikipedia-wikimedia-online-encyclopedia-1850002977|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119134259/https://gizmodo.com/wikipedia-wikimedia-online-encyclopedia-1850002977|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Gizmodo|language=en}}</ref> [[Wikipedia users|Ndị ọrụ Wikipedia]] kewara na mgbanwe ndị ahụ e mere. Arịrịọ maka ịza ajụjụ na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] nke na-ajụ ndị ọrụ ma a ga-etinye Vector 2022 dị ka akpụkpọ ahụ ndabara ka ọ bụ na-agaghị etinye ya gbakọtara ihe karịrị okwu puku iri itoolu na nzaghachi.<ref name="slate6">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref> Ndị na-akatọ mgbanwegharị ahụ megidere ya n'ụzọ doro anya maka [[White space (visual arts)|oghere ọcha]] a hapụrụ n'efu na akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ, ebe ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ katọrọ ndị nkatọ ahụ kwuru na ha dị ka ndị ọ na-ara ahụ ịnabata gbanwee.<ref name="slate6" /> Ndị ọrụ dị otu narị na iri isii na ise sonyere na mkparịta ụka ahụ jụrụ akpụkpọ ahụ ọhụrụ ahụ, ebe otu narị na iri ise na atọ kwadoro ya, itoolu nọgidekwara na-anọpụ iche. <ref name="slate6" /> <ref name="mashable">{{Cite web|author=Pearl|first=Mike|date=18 January 2023|title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out.|url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref><ref name="rfc-history">{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia history page|work=en.wikipedia.org|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ARequests_for_comment%2FDeployment_of_Vector_%282022%29&diff=latest&oldid=1117412136|accessdate=February 5, 2023|archivedate=July 9, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709223623/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ARequests_for_comment%2FDeployment_of_Vector_(2022)&diff=latest&oldid=1117412136}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị editọ kwuru na ha achọghị ka ewepụta Vector 2022 n'ụdị ya dị mgbe ahụ ugbu a, ebe ọ bụ na a naghị ekpebi nkwekọrịta na Wikipedia site na ịtụ vootu, e mechiri mkparịta ụka ahụ na nkwado ndị nabatara ndozigharị ahụ, na-atụle okwu dị mma ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ hapụrụ. <ref name="slate6" /> <ref name="mashable" /> Ndị mmepe Vector 2022 mere mgbanwe ụfọdụ na akpụkpọ ahụ iji zaghachị nkatọ ahụ, dị ka ịgbakwunye mgbanwe iji mee ka ọdịnaya isiokwu ọbụla jupụta n'obosara niile nke ihuenyo onye ọrụ. <ref name="slate6" /> <ref name="rfc-history2">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Deployment_of_Vector_(2022)&oldid=1138588215|title=Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Deployment of Vector (2022)|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=March 16, 2023|archivedate=July 9, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709190532/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Deployment_of_Vector_(2022)&oldid=1138588215}}</ref> Ndị ọrụ na [[Swahili Wikipedia|Wikipedia Swahili]] ekwenyeghị n'otu olu na iwu nke akpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ.<ref name="slate6" /> Ndị nta akụkọ na-azaghachi mmelite nke Vector 2022 weere mmelite na atụmatụ ọhụrụ ndị e webatara dị ka mgbakwunye bara uru, mana n'ozuzu ha gosipụtara akpụkpọ ahụ dị ka obere mmelite nke na-agbanweghị ahụmịhe ọgụgụ ha na-enwe na Wikipedia. <ref name="business-insider2">{{Cite web|author=Nguyen|first=Britney|title=It's not just you {{snd}} Wikipedia looks different|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/new-wikipedia-update-looks-different-desktop-redesign-2023-1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012218/https://www.businessinsider.com/new-wikipedia-update-looks-different-desktop-redesign-2023-1|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="slate7">{{Cite web|author=Rauwerda|first=Annie|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Slate|language=en}}</ref><ref name="techcrunch3">{{Cite web|author=Perez|first=Sarah|date=18 January 2023|title=Wikipedia gets its first makeover in over a decade... and it's fairly subtle|url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-its-first-makeover-in-over-a-decade-and-its-fairly-subtle/|work=techcrunch.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119214848/https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-its-first-makeover-in-over-a-decade-and-its-fairly-subtle/|archivedate=19 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Annie Rauwerda]], onye mepụtara [[:en:Depths_of_Wikipedia|Depths of Wikipedia]] social media accounts, dere na ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' na Vector 2022 abụghị "ụdị dị iche" site na akpụkpọ ahụ dịbu. Rauwerda kwukwara maka myiri dị n'etiti nnukwu nkatọ nke ndị obodo Wikipedia megide mgbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ ahụ na nguzogide ndị gara aga e mere na mgbanwe anya yiri nke ahụ na saịtị ndị a ma ama dị ka [[Reddit]].<ref name="slate7" /> Rauwerda, na Mike Pearl nke ''Mashable'', kwuru na ndị ọrụ na-enweghị obi ụtọ na mgbanwe ahụ nwere ike ịtụle ịkparịta ụka banyere akpụkpọ ahụ, ma ọ bụ jiri atụmatụ nhazi nke saịtị ahụ gbanwee ahụmịhe ịgụ akwụkwọ ha. <ref name="slate7" /><ref name="mashable2">{{Cite web|author=Pearl|first=Mike|date=18 January 2023|title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out.|url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign|archivedate=20 January 2023|accessdate=20 January 2023|work=Mashable|language=en}}</ref> '''Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara''' Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere: '''Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme''' * Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ * [[m:History of Wikipedia|Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia]] - site na [[wikipedia:Meta|Wikipedia:Meta]] * meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile * Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu * Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme * Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots * Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia '''Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ''' * [[stats:|Stats.wikimedia.org]] - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ. * [[m:Wikipedia milestones|Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia]] * Wikipedia:Milestones <small> (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ) </small> * Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia * Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ '''Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka''' * Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive * Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. [[:en:Failover|Failover]] gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke [[:en:Domain_Name_System|DNS]] maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ. * [[mw:MediaWiki history|Akụkọ MediaWiki]] * [https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ * Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia * Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta * Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004) * ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix. {{Clear}} == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf "Fatally Flawed: Gbagha ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya banyere izi ezi encyclopedic site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. March 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Foto mbụ nke Wikipedia] site na Internet Archive. 28 Febụwarị 2001. * Giles, Jim, "Encyclopedias nke Ịntanetị na-aga isi na isi". Ntụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwGXE">Okike</i></nowiki> n'etiti Wikipedia na ''Britannica''. 14 Disemba 2005 (a chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [[Larry Sanger]] "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir" na "Part II". Ihe na-adịghị mma. 18 Eprel 2005 ruo 19 Eprel 2005. * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html Nzaghachi] ''Okike'' na ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Okike. 23 Machị 2006. (A chọrọ ndebanye aha) * [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html ''New York Times'' na Wikipedia]. Septemba 2001. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia na Learning Resource] E debere na Wayback Machine - Free Software Foundation nkwado nke Nupedia (mgbe e mesịrị melite iji tinye Wikipedia). 1999. [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tgw0q8b47ua4hwokjbwds2srja4022x Event:Shesaid 2026 in the Igbo Community 1728 79235 741468 735154 2026-10-24T00:13:49Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741468 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color:#222288; border:1px solid #0088A3; border-radius:1px; border-top:1px solid #0088A3; padding:3px;"> <div style="background-color:#FFF; padding:1em 1ex;"> [[Otú:Mmemme 2026]] [[Faịlụ:Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group_Logo.svg|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group|align|centre|200x200px]] [[File:WLW logo element.svg|align|right|200px]][[File:WLW Hashtag in a Speech bubble.svg|align|200px|alt=Wiki Loves Women ]] [[Faịlụ:SheSaid_2026_Central_Notice_banner.svg|centre|600px|SheSaid 2026 Central Notice banner using the WLW SheSaid Logo.]] The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wiki_Loves_Women/SheSaid Shesaid] campaign is an international campaign under the umbrella of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wiki_Loves_Women Wiki Loves Women] that focuses on the creation and improvements of entries about Women on [[Wikiquote]]. This campaign amplifies Women Voice and addresses persistent gender gap in the representation of notable women across the digital space. This year the Igbo Wikimedians User Group joins the international campaign, to address gender gap in the representation of notable women across digital platforms like [[Wikiquote]] and [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]]. <div style="text-align:center; background:#333999; color:white; padding:30px; border-radius:12px; font-size:20px;"> The campaign will be combined with '''''International Translation Day on 30th September''''' to highlight the importance of translation in making knowledge accessible across languages and communities. Participants will translate articles about notable women into Igbo, improve existing Igbo Wikipedia and Wikiquote articles, and contribute sourced quotations from women to Igbo Wikiquote. <div style="color:#333999; font-size:18px; margin-top:15px;"> </div> </div> <div class="center"><div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #333999; color: #333999;">'''Activities'''</div></div> * SheSaid Wikiquote Editing Session * International Translation Day Edit-a-thon <div class="center"><div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #333999; color: #333999;">'''Schedule'''</div></div> ''''Launch date'''' : 2nd September,2026 {{Done}} '''location''':Zoom '''Time''': 5PM '''Check in session 30th September,2026''' <div class="center"><div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #333999; color: #333999;">'''Photos'''</div></div> <gallery> Flyer of Igbo Community's SheSaid 2026 Campaign & International Translation Day.jpg SheSaid 2026 Event in Igbo Community 1.jpg SheSaid 2026 Event in Igbo Community 2.jpg </gallery> <gallery> Participants during a training session on International Translation Day in Igbo community 2026 01.jpg|Cross section of participants during a virtual training session on International Translation Day. Participants during a training session on International Translation Day in Igbo community 2026 02.jpg Participants during a training session on International Translation Day in Igbo community 2026 03.jpg </gallery> <div class="center"><div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin-top: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #333999; color: #333999;">'''Organizers'''</div></div> <gallery mode="packed" heights="80" perrow="3"> File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg File:WLW SheSaid puzzle logo.svg File:Wiki Loves Women logo 2024.svg File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical.svg </gallery> eo71bx7an24r1wec2ediq4robv96ta1 Nebila Abdulmelik 0 80747 741460 727738 2026-10-24T00:13:05Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nebila Abdulmelik''' bụ onye Etiopia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A maara ya maka iduzi mkpọsa #JusticeforLiz<ref>{{Cite web |last=FEMNET |date=2013-12-09 |title=One on One : Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org/2013/12/one-on-one-nebila-abdulmelik/ |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=FEMNET |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a malitere iji chọọ ikpe ziri ezi maka nwa agbọghọ Kenya dị afọ iri na isii aha ya bụ Liz bụ onye e dinara n'ike n'afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-10-28|title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye njikwa mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na FEMNET, ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado uto ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Nada |title=Gender, Race, and Sudan's Exile Politics Do We All Belong to This Country? |date=29 July 2015 |publisher=Lexington Books |page=177 |isbn=978-1-4985-0050-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxoqCgAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik&pg=PA177}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nebila na [[Addis Ababa]], Etiopia, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ. <ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref>. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. Dịka nwa agbọghọ Alakụba si Harari, o kwuru na ọ tara ahụhụ site na mmegbu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MARMIER |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Nebila ABDULMELIK |url=https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-nebila-abdulmelik |website=Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices}}</ref> O nwetara agụmakwụkwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], O jiri MA pụta na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles na African Studies .<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moffett |first1=Helen |title=ID Identity: New Short Fiction From Africa |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=New Internationalist |page=280 |isbn=978-1-78026-460-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNxFDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nebila+Abdulmelik+ucla&pg=PA280}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Nebila gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara mba iri anọ ma soro ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ rụọ ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Pan-Africa gụnyere FEMNET yana Afrikan Union site na Afrikan Governance Architecture Secretariat .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nebila Abdulmelik {{!}} Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance|url=http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221202507/http://www.mandelaschool.uct.ac.za/abdulmelik|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2013, o tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nke akpọrọ #JusticeforLiz mgbe otu ndị omekome dinara Liz n'ike, akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ mbinye aka na-achọ ka a tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya teen gang rape case sparks outrage, protests|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/11/1/kenya-teen-gang-rapecasesparksoutrageprotests.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=america.aljazeera.com}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kọrọ na nwa agbọghọ Naijiria dị afọ iri na isii nke a na-akpọ akụkọ "Liz" na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mba Kenya bụ Daily Nation.N'ọnwa Juun nke afọ 2013, ndị ikom isii dinara Liz n'ike, ha mechara tụba ya n'ime ụlọ mposi ma hapụ ya ka ọ nwụọ. Liz lanarịrị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ya ma nwee ike ịkọ ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpọpụta aha atọ n'ime ndị wakporo ya. ntaramahụhụ ndị uwe ojii nyere ndị mwakpo atọ Liz ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụtanwu bụ ịrụ ọrụ n'ogige ahụ ma belata ahịhịa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#JusticeforLiz: Power and Privilege in Digital Transnational Women's Rights Activism|url=https://www.tandfonline.com|access-date=2015-02-19|website=Taylor&Francis Online}}</ref> N'ihi iwe oke iwe maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi ahụ, Nebila dara n'ụra n'abalị ahụ.Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wepụtara arịrịọ n'ịntanetị nke a kpọrọ #JusticeforLiz, nke e degaara George Kimaiyo, na-achọ ka e jide ndị mere ihe ahụ ozugbo, ma meekwa ihe n'ụzọ ịta ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị megide onye uwe ojii ahụ ji nleghara anya na enweghị nka rụọ ọrụ n'okwu gbasara Liz. Ebumnuche mbụ maka akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ bụ inweta mbinye aka otu puku. Ha zutere ebumnuche ahụ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ruo atọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ wee mụbaa okpukpu abụọ. Akwụkwọ mkpesa ahụ nwetara nlebara anya karịrị ka a tụrụ anya ya, gụnyere ka e gosipụtara ya na BBC iji kwurịta maka mkpọsa a na-eme n'ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-10-28 |title=Trending: #JusticeforLiz and the rape that's shocked Kenya |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24716407 |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>. N'oge obere ajụjụ ọnụ redio dị mkpịrịkpị, Nebila kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na ha eruola ma gafee ihe ha chọrọ mana-ezubeghị. O kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka akwụkwọ mkpesa ha gbasaa nke ukwuu ma nweta mbinye aka otu nde mmadụ, nke mechakwara mee.<ref>{{Cite Web|title=One on One: Nebila Abdulmelik |url=https://www.femnet.org| access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị asaa na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Afrịka nke kwesịrị inwe ihe gbasara ya na [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]] site na aka ndị Global Citizen, otu mba ụwa na òtù nkwado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Global Citizen|date=9 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ Okike == N'afọ 2009, Abdulmelik bipụtara uri akpọrọ Mother Africa na akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ U Joc: A Journal of African Studies <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mother Africa|url=https://www.web.archive.org|website=California Digital Library|date=2009|language=en}}</ref> . Nebila bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere uri akpọrọ You Have Reached the Women . <ref>{{Cite web|title=You Have Reached the Women|url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net|accessdate=2017-07-27|website=Agenda|language=en}}</ref> Nebila bụ onye dere uri akpọrọ What's in a Name?<ref>{{Cite web|title=What’s in a Name?|url=https://www.povo.africa|website=POVO Journal People of Valid Opinion|accessdate=2014-10-03}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdulmelik, Nebila}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afo 1987]] 7p6334md0w5fw5hys9yw7affhki5toh Gégé Katana 0 81173 741461 736656 2026-10-24T00:13:06Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Spacing (via JWB) 741461 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Katana Gégé Bukuru''' (amụrụ na 31 Disemba 1963 na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]]) bụ onye Congo na-alụ ọgụ maka [[ikike ụmụ nwanyị]]. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere SOFAD (Solidarity of women activists for the defense of human rights). A maara Bukuru dị ka "Iron Lady" nke Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), nkwenye ya siri ike nke nwere obi ike na ọgụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị. == Akụkọ ndụ == Ada nwanyị nke onye isi ọdịnala, ọ gụrụ sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Lumière Lyon 2 ma mee nnyocha na Center for Cooperative Training and Research, Rwanda Association for the Promotion of Integral Development na Pan-African Institute for Development. O sonyeere ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị dịka Rien sans les femmes ("Ọ dịghị ihe na-enweghị ụmụ nwanyị"), Women's Platform for the Framework Agreement for the Peace ma ọ bụ Institute for Adult Development and Education in [[Afrịka]] na Synergy of women's organizations against violence against women in South Kivu. Katana Gégé Bukuru bi na Uvira, South Kivu, ebe o chọpụtara Solidarité des femmes activistes pour la défense des droits humains (SOFAD) na 2001. Nzukọ ahụ na-achịkọta ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 600 na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. SOFAD na-ezube ichebe ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ma na-ahụkarị maka nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike ndị e kwere nkwa na Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Njikọ ahụ na-enyekarị enyemaka na nkwado nye ndị mwakpo mmekọahụ na ndị ihe ike metụtara, ọkachasị site na ịhazi ọmụmụ ihe na ọzụzụ maka ụmụ nwanyị ga-abụ ndị isi n'ụzọ ha. Ebumnuche SOFAD bụ ịzụ na ịkpọkọta ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado mgbanwe n'obodo, ịkwalite nsonye ha n'ichekwa na ịkwado ikike mmadụ, kwado nyeghachi nke ndị ihe metụtara n'ụdị ime ihe ike niile.. Nzukọ ahụ na-alụkwa ọgụ megide mgbasawanye nke ngwá agha na mpaghara Great Lake na n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka n'ọtụtụ ebe. Ntinye aka ya n'ọgụ a mere ka Amnesty International kwado ya. Ọdịdị ahụ na-arụ ọrụ maka ọzụzụ ụmụ nwanyị ma na-agba ha ume ịmepụta "ụlọ udo" n'ime agbata obi ha, na-ebufe ikike ma na-anabata ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ógbè ahụ. N'oge 2018 International Women's Day, ọ sonyeere na mkpọsa UNESCO France: "Ọ̀ dị mkpa ka mmadụ bụrụ nwoke ka o nwee ibe [[Wikipidia|Wikipedia]]?", nke na-eme ka a mara maka nguzozi ike nke nwoke na nwanyị na oghere dijitalụ. == Onyinye == Maka ọtụtụ ọgụ na agha ya, ọ natala ọtụtụ onyinye. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ natara onyinye Front Line Defenders. E mepụtara ihe nrite ahụ maka ndị na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. * Ihe nrite Front Line Defenders, 2007 * Ihe nrite nke iwe, 2017 * Ihe nrite udo nke Soroptimist, 2017 == Edensibịa == <references /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 9eqey3xc10o7s22i98wfkxrivr1ykbh