Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7094 741787 724209 2026-10-27T13:03:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:A Church in Mangogo, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|Ȯra Kogi]] '''Kogi Steeti''' bụ steeti dị na mpaghara North Central nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], nke steeti [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti]] na [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] gbara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Federal Isi obodo Ókèala gbara n'akụkụ ugwu, Nasarawa Steeti gbara n'oge ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, Niger Steeti gbara na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://kogistate.gov.ng/history/|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=Kogi State Government|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Omole|first=Abayomi|date=2022-10-21|title=Kogi Receives First Allocation As Oil-producing State|url=https://leadership.ng/kogi-receives-first-allocation-as-oil-producing-state/|accessdate=2022-11-04|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Boundary Disputes: Ekiti, Kwara, Osun States Embrace Peace – Ekiti State Website|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/boundary-disputes-ekiti-kwara-osun-states-embrace-peace/|accessdate=2022-11-04|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Oluwole|first=Josiah|date=2022-08-03|title=Terrorists' Threat: Ekiti, Kwara reach agreement on boundary patrol|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/546677-terrorists-threat-ekiti-kwara-reach-agreement-on-boundary-patrol.html|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=Premium Times Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Administrative Map of Nigeria - Nations Online Project|url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/nigeria-administrative-map.htm|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=www.nationsonline.org}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị steeti dị na Naịjirịa nke nwere ókèala steeti iri ndị ọzọ. A na-akpọ ya maka okwu Hausa maka osimiri (''kogi''). E guzobere Kogi Steeti site na akụkụ nke Benue Steeti, Niger Steeti, na Kwara Steeti na 27 Ọgọst 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Onyeakagbu|first=Adaobi|title=See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c|work=Pulse.ng|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=11 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811220711/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c}}</ref><ref name="Creation">{{Cite web|title=This is how the 36 states were created|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|work=Pulse.ng|accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://kogistate.gov.ng/history/|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=Kogi State Government|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-akpọ steeti ahụ "Njikọta Steeti" n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na njikọ nke Osimiri Niger na [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Benue na-ewere ọnọdụ n'akụkụ isi obodo ya, [[Lokoja]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ogunyinka|first=Victor|date=2021-08-27|title=Kogi at 30: The journey so far|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/kogi-at-30-the-journey-so-far/|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=A. B. MAMMAN|first=J.O. OYEBANJI|title=Nigeria: A people united, A Future Assured|year=2000|pages=333}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IJMB Study Centre In Lokoja, IJMB Centres In Kogi State, IJMB Registration In Kogi State, Universities Accepting IJMB In Kogi State|url=https://www.ijmb.org.ng/ijmb-in-kogi.php|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=www.ijmb.org.ng}}</ref> N'ime steeti 36 nke Naịjirịa, Kogi bụ [[Ndetu ȯra Nigeria na ògò ala hä|nke iri na atọ kachasị ukwuu n'ógbè]] na [[Ndetu Nkeji Ochíchííwu Nigeria nke ogúgú madu|nke iri abụọ kachasị nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ]] na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka nde 4.5 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population 2006-2016|url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474|work=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=21 December 2021|archivedate=14 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214205233/https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474}}</ref> N'ihe gbasara ala, steeti ahụ dị n'ime mpaghara okpomọkụ nke Guinea. Ihe ndị dị mkpa na ala gụnyere osimiri ndị dị mkpa nke [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger]] na-esi n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na Benue na-esi na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na-abịa tupu osimiri abụọ ahụ ezute n'etiti Kogi ma kewaa steeti ahụ n'ebe ndịda.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Abiodun|first=J.O.|title=On polarization and Regional Development: An Empirical Study: Urban and regional Planning problems in Nigeria|publisher=University of Ife Press Ltd|year=1985|pages=79–92}}</ref> Ndị agbụrụ dị iche iche ebiwo na steeti Kogi ruo ọtụtụ afọ, gụnyere Ebira, [[Ndị Gbagyi|Gbagyi]], na Nupe (karịsịa ndị Bassa Nge, Kakanda, na [[Asụsụ Kupa|Kupa]] obere otu) n'etiti steeti ahụ; Agatu, [[Asusu Basa-Benue|Basa-Komo]], Idoma, Igala, na [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ; na [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] (karịsịa Okun, Ogori, Oworo, na Magongo obere otu) n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Place:Kogi, Nigeria - Genealogy|url=https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Kogi,_Nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=www.werelate.org}}</ref> Kogi nwekwara okpukpe dị iche iche dịka ihe dị ka 45% nke ndị bi na steeti ahụ bụ [[Ndi áláküba|ndị Alakụba]] na ihe dị ka 40% bụ [[Onye Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]] na 15% fọdụrụ na-agbaso ndị agbụrụ agbụrụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Audu|first=P.A.|title=365 days of Giant Strides: directorate of information|year=1992|location=Lokoji}}</ref> N'oge tupu ọchịchị ndị eze, e kewara mpaghara nke bụzi Kogi Steeti n'etiti steeti dị iche iche na ụfọdụ steeti dị obere ma dabere n'obodo dị ka ndị ọzọ bụ akụkụ nke alaeze ukwu buru ibu dị ka Nupe Alaeze nke nwere ọtụtụ n'ime steeti Kogi dị ugbu a ruo na mmalite 1800s mgbe ndị Fulani jihad weghaara alaeze ahụ ma tinye mpaghara ahụ n'okpuru Sokoto Caliphate. N'afọ 1900 na 1910, ndị njem Britain weghaara mpaghara ahụ ma tinye ha n'ime Northern Nigeria Nchekwa na isi obodo ya dị ka Lokoja ruo 1903.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000065575|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Nigeria|url=https://www.nigerianembmexico.org/history-of-nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-04|work=nigerianembmexico|language=en}}</ref> Nchebe ahụ mechara sonye na British Nigeria tupu ọ bụrụ onye nweere onwe ya dị ka Nigeria na 1960. Na mbụ, Kogi Steeti nke oge a bụ akụkụ nke mpaghara Northern Mpaghara mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị ruo 1967 mgbe mpaghara ahụ kewara ma mpaghara ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke North-Western State, Kwara State, na Benue-Plateau State. Mgbe Benue-Plateau na steeti North-Western kewara na 1976, Kogi ghọrọ akụkụ nke steeti Benue na Niger ọhụrụ tinyere Kwara. Western Benue State, ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Kwara State, na ndịda Niger State kewara iji guzobe Kogi State ọhụrụ. N'ụzọ akụ na ụba, Kogi Steeti dabeere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ugbo, ọkachasị kọfị, cashew, groundnut, koko, nkwụ mmanụ, na ihe ọkụkụ [[Jí|ji]]. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa bụ nchọpụta mmanụ na ịzụ ehi, [[ewu]], na atụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Akanbi|first=Festus|title=As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/19/as-anambra-kogi-join-oil-producing-states/|work=[[ThisDay]]|accessdate=25 December 2021}}</ref> Kogi nwere ma nke 23 kachasị elu Mmadụ Mmepe Index na GDP na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Development Indices|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/|work=Global Data Lab|accessdate=15 December 2021}}</ref> == Ọdịdị ala == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke steeti ahụ nwere mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ n'etiti 1,100mm na 1,300mm. Oge mmiri ozuzo na-adị site n'April ruo October kwa afọ ebe oge ọkọchị na-adịgide site na November ruo March. Oge ọkọchị bụ uzuzu na oyi n'ihi ifufe ugwu - nke ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke na-eweta harmattan.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Oguntoyin|first=J.S.|title=A Geography of Nigerian Development|publisher=Heinemann|year=1987|location=Ibadan}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 2001 na afọ 2014, ndị ọrụ ugbo jiri 10.68% mụbaa ebe ahụ ma jiri usoro mgbanwe asaa (7) mee ihe na-agbanwe ụbọchị ịkụ osisi na mgbanwe ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na 31%, 22% na 21% n'otu n'otu na nzaghachi maka mgbanwe nke mmiri ozuzo.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Land Use/Land Cover in Kogi State, Nigeria|url=https://wascal.org/publications/assessment-of-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-land-use-land-cover-in-kogi-state-nigeria/#:~:text=Climate%20change%20and%20variability%20pose,changing%2C%20ecological%20zones%20are%20shifting.|access-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260613215622/https://wascal.org/publications/assessment-of-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-land-use-land-cover-in-kogi-state-nigeria/#:~:text=Climate%20change%20and%20variability%20pose,changing%2C%20ecological%20zones%20are%20shifting.|archive-date=2026-06-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Idei Mmiri === N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2022, Kogi Steeti hụrụ otu n'ime ọdachi idei mmiri kachasị njọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke steeti ahụ. Nke a bụ dị ka gọvanọ steeti, Yahaya Bello, si kwuo, onye kwuru na "mmiri ozuzo emetụtala LGAs itoolu nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri Niger na Benue gụnyere, Lokoja, Kogi-Koto, Ajaokuta, Ofu, Igalamela-Odolu, Bassa, Idah, Ibaji na Omala".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Onyedinefu|first=Godsgift|date=2022-10-06|title=Motorists stranded, properties destroyed as Kogi battles 'worst flood'|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/motorists-stranded-properties-destroyed-as-kogi-battles-worst-flood/|accessdate=2022-10-31|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> === Steeti ndị gbara ya gburugburu === * Federal Isi obodo Ókèala (Nigeria) n'ebe ugwu * Nasarawa [[Ȯra Nasarawa|Steeti]] n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ * [[Ȯra Benue|Benue Steeti]] n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ * Enugu Steeti n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ * Anambra [[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Steeti]] n'ebe ndịda * [[Ȯra Edo|Edo Steeti]] n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ * Ondo Steeti n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ * [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ * Kwara [[Ȯra Kwara|Steeti]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ * Naịjirịa [[Ȯra Niger|steeti]] n'ebe ugwu Kogi steeti bụ naanị steeti dị na Naịjirịa nke ya na steeti iri ndị ọzọ nwere ókèala. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị mmadụ == E kere steeti ahụ na 1991 site na akụkụ nke Kwara State na Benue State. Igala bụ agbụrụ kachasị na steeti ahụ. Steeti ahụ dị ka e guzobere ugbu a, gụnyere ndị Kabba Ógbè nke Northern Nigeria. Otu n'ime ndị ''Qadi'' mbụ na Kogi Steeti bụ Faruk Imam. [ọ bụghị kpọmkwem iji chọpụta]<ref>Kogi State</ref> E nwere agbụrụ na asụsụ atọ dị na Kogi: Igala, Ebira, na Okun (otu Yoruba) na ndị ọzọ dị ka Bassa Nge nke Bassa L.G.A, [[Asụsụ Kupa|Kupa]] na ndị na-asụ Kakanda, ndị bụ ndị Nupe sitere n'okpuru [[Lokoja]] L.G".A., Bassa-Komo nke bụkwa nke mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo Bassa, ndị Oworo (A [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] Otu), [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]], Ogori Magongo, na Idoma. Aha Nigeria, bụ nke [[Flora Shaw, Nwunye Lugard|Flora Shaw]] chepụtara na Lokoja n'ugwu nke Ugwu Patti, onye ga-abụ nwunye [[Frederick Lugard|Baron Lugard]], onye nchịkwa nke ndị Britain, mgbe ọ na-ele [[Oshimiri Orimiri|osimiri Niger]] anya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust|url=https://dailytrust.com/|accessdate=1 September 2022|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> == Mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo == Kogi Steeti nwere mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo iri abụọ na otu (21). Ndị bụ:   Adavi, Ajaokuta, Ankpa, Bassa, Dekina, Ibaji, Idah, Igalamela-Odolu, Ijumu, Kabba/Bunu, Koton Karfe, Lokoja, Mopa-Muro, Ofu, Ogori/Magongo, Okehi, Okene, Olamaboro, Omala, Yagba East, Yagba West. == Njem == [[Usòrò:Kogi_-Lokoja_Confluence.jpg|thumb|Kogi - Njikọ Lokoja]] Ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị ndị njem nleta na Kogi Steeti gụnyere ihe ncheta nke ndị ọchịchị (dị ka [[Frederick Lugard|Lord Lugard]] Ụlọ), Ugwu Patti, Cenotaph nke Agha Ụwa, njikọ nke Osimiri Niger na Benue, Ogidi (Obodo Afrịka nwere ugwu Igneous Nkume na ụlọ ọrụ nka na ọrụ ọrụ aka ọdịnala) na ala nwere ugwu na ala ndị na-eje ozi dị ka ụzọ njem. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ụgbọala na-ewe awa abụọ saịtị na Abuja, ụfọdụ ndị njem nleta na-abịa maka njem ụbọchị. E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Kogi Steeti Njem nlegharị anya and Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Ụlọ ọrụ Oke iji kwalite njem nleta na steeti ahụ. Gọọmentị steeti na-eme atụmatụ ma na-eji ikike dị elu nke njem nleta gụnyere mmepe nke ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme na Lokoja.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kogi State|title=investors guides to Kogi State|year=1992}}</ref> == Njem na nkwukọrịta == Kogi Steeti jikọtara Federal Capital Territory na 22 Southern States. N'ịbụ nke dị nso na isi obodo gọọmentị etiti, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport|ọdụ]] ụgbọ elu Abuja International na-eje ozi dị ka ọnụ ụzọ mba na nke mba ụwa maka ndị njem ụgbọ elu si na steeti ahụ. Ezigbo ọrụ nkwukọrịta dị na steeti ahụ. == Ọrụ ugbo na ihe onwunwe == Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi ihe na-akwado akụ na ụba. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-emepụta n'ugbo site na steeti ahụ karịsịa kọfị, koko, [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]], cashews, groundnuts, ọka, cassava, [[Jí|yam]], [[Oskàpà|osikapa]] na melon. Ihe onwunwe ndị a na-egwupụta na-agụnye coal, limestone, iron, petroleum na tin. Steeti ahụ bụ ebe ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè kachasị ukwuu na Naịjirịa nke a maara dị ka Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited na otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ simenti kachasị ukwuu n'Africa, Obajana Cement Factory. == Agụmakwụkwọ == Kogi steeti bụ ebe Mahadum Federal (Lokoja), Mahadum Kogi State<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 November 2020|title=List of Courses Offered by Federal Polytechnic Idah|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/federal-poly-idah-courses/|accessdate=18 November 2021|work=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2020|title=List of Courses Offered by Kogi State Polytechnic|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kogi-state-poly-courses/|accessdate=18 November 2021|work=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref> Anyigba, Mahadum Confluence nke Sayensị na Teknụzụ Osara, Mahaduma Federal Polytechnic Idah, Mahadume Federal Polytechnique (Lokoja) Mahadum Mmụta Federal (Okene), Mahaduma Mmụta (Ankpa), Mahadume Ọrụ Ugbo Kabba, Mahadwa Kogi nke Mmụta, Mahaduna Kogi steet<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Full List of Art Courses offered in Kogi State University (KSU) for 2021-2022 Academic Session|url=https://www.naijschools.com/list-of-art-courses-offered-in-ksu/|accessdate=18 November 2021|work=NAIJSCHOOLS|language=en-US}}</ref> nke Mmụta (Kabba) na Mahadum Salem, Lokoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal University, Lokoja (FULOKOJA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-university-lokoja|accessdate=18 November 2021|work=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Salem University (SALEM) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/salem-university|accessdate=18 November 2021|work=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> E nwere kọleji nke ndị nọọsụ na ndị na-amụ nwa na Anyigba na Obangede, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke teknụzụ ahụike na Idah na ụlọ akwụkwọ ECWA nke ndị nọn na Egbe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ECWA School of Nursing Egbe – Nursing for Christ…|url=https://www.esonegbe.net/|accessdate=5 September 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> == Egwuregwu == Kogi Steeti emepụtala ndị na-agba ọsọ dịka Sunday Bada na ndị egwuregwu ndị ọzọ, ndị nyere aka na uto nke egwuregwu n'ụwa niile. Kogi United na Babanawa F.C. bụ otu egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] dị na steeti ahụ. Egwuregwu ndị ọzọ, dị ka igwu mmiri, handball, na table tennis na-akwalite nke ọma na steeti ahụ. Kansụl Egwuregwu nke steeti Kogi nwere ihe ndekọ nke ndị nduzi na nnukwu ndị ọrụ bụ ndị n'otu oge ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọhụụ nke itinye steeti ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na map ụwa. N'etiti ha bụ ndị dị ka Maazị Francis Umoru, Maazị Mohammed Emeje, ''Maazir''i Benjamin O. Ameje, Mahadum A. Ogido, Maazir Joel J. Abu na ndị ọzọ. N'etiti ndị egwuregwu ndị ọzọ steeti ahụ mepụtara bụ Shola Ameobi, onye Ayetoro Gbede amụrụ Ijumu, onye bọọlụ bọọlụ England, na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka Bolton Wanderers dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ, na ngwụcha Sunday Bada 400 Metres Olympic Champion si Ogidi na Ijumu Local Govt. nke steeti ahụ. == Ndị omeiwu == Ndị omeiwu atọ anọwo na-anọchite anya steeti Kogi kemgbe nloghachi nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1999 na Senate na Kogi East, Kogi West na Kogi Central na-emepụta otu onye ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite news|title=List of senators|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/list-of-all-senators-elected-in-2019-national-assembly-elections/nxp70r9.amp|accessdate=11 January 2022}}</ref> == Ndị ama ama == * Halima Abubakar, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Nollywood.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2020|title=Stalking Nollywood's beloved actress, Halima Abubakar|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/stalking-nollywoods-beloved-actress-halima-abubakar/|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=25 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625113539/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/stalking-nollywoods-beloved-actress-halima-abubakar/}}</ref> * Segun Adaju, onye ọchụnta ego, CEO Consistent Energy Limited na Onye isi oche, Renewable Energy Association Nigeria (REAN). * Smart Adeyemi, Senator na-anọchite anya Kogi West senatorial district.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Senator Smart Adeyemi, CON - Nigpilot Personality|url=https://nigerianpilot.news/senator-smart-adeyemi-con-nigpilot-personality/|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=The Nigerian Pilot News|language=en-GB|archivedate=12 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112092419/https://nigerianpilot.news/senator-smart-adeyemi-con-nigpilot-personality/}}</ref> * S. A. Ajayi, Onye ọchịchị Naijiria, onye nyere aka kwurịta maka nnwere onwe Naijiria. onye bụbu minista na-ahụ maka ọhịa, minista na agụmakwụkwọ,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeolu|date=17 September 2019|title=AJAYI, Mr. Samuel Aliyu (OFR)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/ajayi-mr-samuel-aliyu-ofr-m-h-a/|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Tolulope Arotile]] (1995-2020), nwanyị na-anya helikọpta nke ndị agha ụgbọelu Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2020|title=Tolulope Arotile… Salute to super woman who broke glass ceiling|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/tolulope-arotile-salute-to-super-woman-who-broke-glass-ceiling/|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516212805/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/tolulope-arotile-salute-to-super-woman-who-broke-glass-ceiling/}}</ref> * Abubakar Audu, onye nkịtị mbụ na gọvanọ nke steeti ahụ ugboro abụọ (1992<nowiki>[[1993]]</nowiki> na 1999[[2003). * Yahaya Bello, Gọvanọ nke Kogi Steeti (2016 ruo taa). * [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri<ref>{{Cite web|author=Makori|first=Edwin Kwach|date=11 November 2020|title=Joseph Benjamin biography: Age, wife, movies, where is he from?|url=https://www.legit.ng/1378119-joseph-benjamin-biography-age-wife-movies.html|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=25 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625113540/https://www.legit.ng/1378119-joseph-benjamin-biography-age-wife-movies.html}}</ref> * Darey - Darey Art Alade. * Ibrahim Idris, onye bụbu gọvanọ nke steeti ahụ (2003-2011). * Joseph Makoju, onye bụbu GM NEPA. * [[Jaywon]], Onye na-eti egwu. * [[Mercy Johnson]], Nollywood Actress. * Dino Melaye, onye bụbu Senator si Kogi West. * Oladele John Nihi, onye bụbu onye isi oche National Youth Council of Nigeria 2019 - 2020. Onye isi ala West Africa, Pan-African Youth Union (2021 ruo taa) * Bayo Ojo, onye bụbu Attorney General nke Federal Republic of Nigeria. * Edward David Onoja, onye bụbu onye isi ndị ọrụ Gọvanọ Yahaya Bello 2016 - 2019. Onye osote Gọvanọ nke Kogi Steeti (2019 ruo taa). * Praiz, onye na-ede egwu, onye na'ese ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeyemo|first=Adeola|date=18 August 2012|title=BN Saturday Celebrity Interview: The "Rich & Famous" Crooner, Praiz takes us into His World – Meet the Man Behind that Unique Voice!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/08/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-the-rich-famous-crooner-praiz-takes-us-into-his-world-meet-the-man-behind-that-unique-voice/|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> * Idris Wada, onye bụbu gọvanọ nke steeti ahụ (2011-2016). * Folashade Yemi-Esan, onye isi ọrụ gọọmentị nke gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 September 2019|title=10 facts you should know about Dr. Mrs Folashade Yemi-Esan, Acting Head of Service -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/09/19/10-facts-you-should-know-about-dr-mrs-folashade-yemi-esan-acting-head-of-service/|accessdate=25 June 2021|work=The NEWS}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.kogistate.gov.ng Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ] {{LGAs and communities of Kogi State}}{{KogiStateGovernors}} [[Òtù:Ora no na ime Naigeria]] [[Òtù:Ȯra Kogi]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l929zp3ed3jyy57w0vcq6gtuser9d6n 0 18868 741807 725169 2026-10-27T21:26:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abunuabunu''' bụ ofe obodo nke ndị si na mpaghara Brong Ahafo nke [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/food-travel/efie-aduane-series-going-green-with-abunuabunu/qz6353b|title=Going green with Abunuabunu|date=2016-08-16|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2024-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091950/https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/food-travel/efie-aduane-series-going-green-with-abunuabunu/qz6353b}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana.watsupafrica.com/news/pulse-tv-efie-aduane-episode-7-how-to-prepare-abunuabunu/|title=Pulse Tv- Efie Aduane Episode 7- How To Prepare Abunuabunu {{!}} WatsupAfrica - Africa's Latest News & Entertainment Platform|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref> A na-eme ya site na akwụkwọ ede (nke a na-akpọ kontomire) tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ (, tomato ejula azụ a na-ese anwụrụ, yabasị, ose na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, turkey berries (Asante - twi ''kwahu nsusua'') na nnu).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/diy-recipe-how-to-prepare-ebun-ebunu-kontomire-soup/sfqw6zt|title=How to prepare 'Ebun ebunu' (Kontomire soup)|date=2016-02-01|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2024-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211091004/https://www.pulse.com.gh/diy-recipe-how-to-prepare-ebun-ebunu-kontomire-soup/sfqw6zt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naaoyooquartey.com/ganyobinaa/the-green-soup-called-ebunubunu/8/16/2015|title=How To Prepare The Green Soup called Ebunubunu.|work=Naa Oyoo Quartey|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2024-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212155714/https://www.naaoyooquartey.com/ganyobinaa/the-green-soup-called-ebunubunu/8/16/2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afrotide.com/nanaabas-kitchen-how-to-make-ebunuebunu-soup-green-soup/|title=Nanaaba's Kitchen-how to make ebunuebunu soup (green soup)|date=2018-04-07|work=AfroTide|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30}}</ref>   == Ụzọ e si eje ozi == A na-ahụkarị Abunuabunu ma kwadebe ya n'etiti ndị mmadụ na Kumasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanafuo.com/2016/07/5-delicious-meals-you-will-surely-ge.html|title=5 delicious meals you will surely get to enjoy in Kumasi|author=davidmawuligh|date=2016-07-19|work=Ghanafuo.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925192737/https://ghanafuo.com/2016/07/5-delicious-meals-you-will-surely-ge.html|archive-date=2020-09-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-ejikarị [[Ụtara|akpu]] ma ọ bụ banku enye ya mana enwere ike inye ya ihe ọ bụla ị họọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nkonkonsa.com/celebs-photos/joselyn-dumas-spotted-enjoying-fufu-and-abunuabunu/|title=JOSELYN DUMAS SPOTTED ENJOYING FUFU AND ABUNUABUNU|date=2015-08-17|work=Nkonkonsa|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2019-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624062203/http://www.nkonkonsa.com/celebs-photos/joselyn-dumas-spotted-enjoying-fufu-and-abunuabunu/}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e ji mee ya == * Igurube * Azụ a na-ese siga * Mushrooms * Koobi (tilapia nnu kpọrọ nkụ) * 10-15 nke dị n'etiti akwụkwọ cocoyam (Kontomire) * Obere kwansesaawa (mkpụrụ osisi Turkey) * Nri (onion, ose na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, tomato, ginger, galik) * Nri * azụ̀ a mịrị amị * dawawa == Ụzọ e si akwadebe ya == * Jiri mmiri oroma nkịrịsị kwadebe ejula * Gbuo ero na koobi (azụ̀ nnu) n'ime iberibe ma tinye ha n'ime nnukwu ofe * Gbakwunye ejula * A na-agwakọta ya na ihe na-atọ ụtọ, nnu na ginger, yabasị na .galik * Sachaa ma tinye tomato na yabasị ọhụrụ, wee kpuchie saucepan. * Na-etinye ahịhịa site na akwụkwọ cocoyam ma jiri nlezianya saa ya. * Tinye akwụkwọ n'ime ofe ma tinye ose mmiri na kwansesaawa ma kpuchie ya ka ọ sie maka nkeji ise na asatọ. * Wepụ tomato na yabasị na ofe ma gwuo ya ma ọ bụrụ na esi ya nke ọma. * Gbanye ya na colander ma tinye ya na ofe. * Sa azụ̀ a na-ese anwụrụ ma tinye ya na ofe * Ikpuchi ka ọ sie maka nkeji ise. * Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, ose na kwansesaawa nke ọma ma tinye ya na ofe. * Tinye mmiri ọzọ dabere na ọkpụrụkpụ ị chọrọ. * Na-ata ma tinye nnu. * Okpomọkụ dị ala ma hapụ ya ka ọ sie maka nkeji 6 ruo 10 ọzọ * Nye ofe na fufu, osikapa ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ị họọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/diy-recipe-how-to-prepare-ebun-ebunu-kontomire-soup/sfqw6zt|title=How to prepare 'Ebun ebunu' (Kontomire soup)|date=2016-02-01|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-30|archivedate=2024-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211091004/https://www.pulse.com.gh/diy-recipe-how-to-prepare-ebun-ebunu-kontomire-soup/sfqw6zt}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nri Ghana == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzlNAJGQ3Pw&t=44s Vidio: Ka anyị mee Ebunuebunu] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vBo-S3s8Gw Vidio:Olee otu esi akwadebe Abunubunu] == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}}{{Legume dishes}} rpjvqb0y2zppmwtts47usfaaacqxpul 0 19962 741799 719550 2026-10-27T20:04:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Lagoslocation_english.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lagoslocation_english.png/220px-Lagoslocation_english.png|thumb|Map na-egosi (nke gbara gburugburu na ọbara ọbara) ebe Lagos, Nigeria dị.]] N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2008, '''mgbawa nke ọwa paịpụ mmanụ ala''' mere n'obodo [[Ijegun]], nke dị n'ebe ugwu [[Lagos]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. Mgbawa ahụ mere mgbe bulldozer kụrụ paịpụ mmanụ.<ref name="100 killed in fire after roadworkers fracture fuel pipeline in Ijegun">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article3949781.ece|title=100 killed in fire after roadworkers fracture fuel pipeline in Ijegun|publisher=|date=2008-05-17|accessdate=2008-05-16|work=The Times|archive-date=2020-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608165222/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Pipeline Blast in Nigeria Kills at least 100"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.transworldnews.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=46897&cat=0|title=Pipeline Blast in Nigeria Kills at least 100|accessdate=2008-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521041258/http://www.transworldnews.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=46897&cat=0|archivedate=21 May 2008}} </ref> [[Lagos State Police Command|Ndị uwe ojii Lagos]] ekwuola na mgbawa ahụ yiri ka ọ bụ ihe mberede, ọ bụghị ọrụ ndị ohi, dịka na mgbawa pipeline gara aga na nso [[Lagos]].<ref name="Red Cross says 100 dead after roadworks trigger pipeline explosion in Nigeria">{{Cite web|url=http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Red_Cross_says_100_dead_after_roadworks_trigger_pipeline_explosion_in_Nigeria|title=Red Cross says 100 dead after roadworks trigger pipeline explosion in Nigeria|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2008-05-16}}</ref> Ndị na-arụ ọrụ mebiri paịpụ dị n'okpuru ala nke mmanụ malitere ịpụ; obere oge ka e mesịrị, mgbawa mere.<ref name="Nigerian pipeline fire kills as many as 100">{{Cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2004418253_nigeria16.html|title=Nigerian pipeline fire kills as many as 100|date=2008-05-16|accessdate=2008-05-16|work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Ọkụ ahụ malitere site na njedebe Isolo nke Ijegun, nke gbasara n'ụlọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị gbara ya gburugburu. A kọrọ na ọ gbasara n'ime ụlọ ndị nwere ndị bi na ya n'ime. Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Ijegun mebiri emebi. Ihe karịrị ụlọ iri na ise na ihe karịrị ụgbọala ịrị abụọ gbara ọkụ n'ọkụ ahụ. Ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo jiri ájá na mmiri mee ihe na mgbalị ịgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ.<ref name="Oil pipeline explosion kills at least 100">{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,23707514-401,00.html|title=Oil pipeline explosion kills at least 100|accessdate=2008-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519222941/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C23707514-401%2C00.html|archive-date=2008-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nkeji iri anọ mgbe ọkụ ahụ malitere, ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) rutere ebe ahụ. Ndị ọrụ ọkụ nke steeti Lagos mechara rute.<ref name="Pipeline Blast in Nigeria Kills at least 100"/> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;" |+Mgbawa nke paịpụ mmiri gara aga na Naịjirịa !Obodo !Ụbọchị !Ndị nwụrụnụ<ref name="Nigeria mourns pipeline victins">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6211363.stm|title=Nigeria mourns pipeline victims|publisher=[[BBC]] News|date=2007-12-27|accessdate=2008-05-16}}</ref> |- |[[Lagos]] |26 Disemba 2007 |ọ dịkarịa ala 40 |- |[[Lagos]] |26 Disemba 2006 |ọ dịkarịa ala 260 |- |[[Lagos]] |12 Mee 2006 |ọ dịkarịa ala 150 |- |[[Lagos]] |Disemba 2004 |ọ dịkarịa ala 20 |- |[[Lagos]] |Septemba 2004 |ọ dịkarịa ala 60 |- |Abia |June 2003 |ọ dịkarịa ala 105 |- |Warri |July 2000 |ọ dịkarịa ala 300 |- |Abia |March 2000 |ọ dịkarịa ala 50 |- |Jesse |Ọktoba 1998 |ọ dịkarịa ala 200 |} == Ọnwụ == Ọ bụ ezie na Ngalaba Naịjirịa Na-ahụ Maka Mberede na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ ugbu a na iri, Ngalaba Naijiria Red Cross na-ekwu na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ otú narị anwụọla. Akụkọ ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ bụ ịrị atọ na itoolu nke gụnyere ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="Nigeria: 39 Die in Lagos Pipeline Fire">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805160001.html|title=Nigeria: 39 Die in Lagos Pipeline Fire|accessdate=2008-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517130116/http://allafrica.com/stories/200805160001.html|archivedate=17 May 2008}}</ref> AllAfrica.com na-akọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ ruru ịrị anọ na atọ.<ref name="allafrica.com">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805170197.html|title=Nigeria: Pipeline Explosion - Death Toll Rises to 43|publisher=[[allAfrica.com]]|date=|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref> E bugara ozu ndị ahụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ [[Ụlọ ọgwụ Mahadum na-akuzi ihe na Lagos steeti|Ikeja General Hospital]]. Otu nwanyị dị ime na nwa ya nwoke dị afọ anọ sokwa na ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Ndị Red Cross nke Naijiria chịkọtara aha ndị nwụrụ anwụ na ndị merụrụ ahụ. Ha guzobekwara ogige n'akụkụ ọdachi ahụ. Ndị kansụl mpaghara na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ dị ala karịa ihe Red Cross nke Naijiria na-azọrọ.<ref name="Crowds gather at charred site of Nigerian pipeline blast"> {{Cite web|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ipVHy9Z2VYl-B1l9aevVhKisnX2g|title=Crowds gather at charred site of Nigerian pipeline blast|accessdate=2008-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520083757/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ipVHy9Z2VYl-B1l9aevVhKisnX2g|archivedate=20 May 2008}} </ref> A kpọgara ndị ahụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ma kwuo na ha na-ata ahụhụ site na nnukwu ọkụ.<ref name="Fuel explosion in Nigeria after pipeline accident">{{Cite web|url=http://www.euronews.net/index.php?page=info&article=487331&lng=1|title=Fuel explosion in Nigeria after pipeline accident|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2008-05-16|archivedate=2008-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521014108/http://www.euronews.net/index.php?page=info&article=487331&lng=1}}</ref> Ekwenyere na mgbe mgbawa ahụ mere, ndị ikom ọnụ ụzọ ámá nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Ijegun kpọchiri ọnụ ụzọ na mbụ iji gbochie ụmụ akwụkwọ ịbanye n'ihe ize ndụ. Mana mgbe ọnọdụ ahụ bịara sie ike, a na-ekwu na ndị ikom ọnụ ụzọ na ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ gbara ọsọ maka ndụ ha na-ahapụ onye ọ bụla na ọdịnihu ha.<ref name="allafrica.com"/> N'oge ahụ, ụmụ akwụkwọ si Ijegun Comprehensive School ndị gbagara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ka a na-ekwu na ha jikọtara aka wụda mgbidi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ iji mee ka ọ dịrị ha mfe ịgbapụ.<ref name="allafrica.com"/> A zọgburu ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Mmadụ asatọ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ iri na isii a kpọgara n'ụlọ ọgwụ Corner Stone nwụrụ na 15 Mee na onye ọzọ nwụrụ otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị.<ref name="allafrica.com" /> Mmadụ atọ bi ebe ahụ nwụrụ mgbe ụgbọala ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ha nwara ịgbapụ n'ebe ọkụ ahụ kụrụ ha.<ref name="allafrica.com" /> == Hụkwa == * 2006 Mgbawa nke paịpụ Abule Egba * 2006 Mgbawa nke paịpụ mmiri Atlas Creek * Ndepụta nke ihe mberede paịpụ == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2004418253_nigeria16.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20200608165222/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ c5x4yc31tnp2xzb0hgdm3epc6kbsid3 0 19977 741802 199539 2026-10-27T20:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}AFA Sports bụ ụlọ ọrụ [[Naijiria]] nke na-arụ ọrụ na imewe, mmepe, imepụta, ahịa na ire ere nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ '''egwuregwu''' na ntụrụndụ, uwe na ngwa. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Victoria Island, [[Lagos]], Nigeria. == Mmalite na akụkọ ihe mere eme == AFA pụtara Africa Maka Africa. Ugo Udezue, onye bụbu onye ọrụ NBA na-arụ ọrụ na BDA Sports na United States, malitere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/brand-voice/2018/12/07/rising-africa-series/|title=Rising Africa Series|author=Media|first=Global Group|date=2018-12-07|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref> Echiche mbụ ya bụ ịmepụta egwuregwu basketball nke ga-egbo ndị egwuregwu basketball ọkachamara n'Africa nke dugara n'ịmepụta Njikọ Basketball Continental, CBL. Ihe a na-atụghị anya ya n'ezie bụ ọmụmụ nke AFA Sports, nke sitere na ọchịchọ izute ihe achọrọ nke Continental Basketball League. Otú ọ dị, ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa bụ DīTigers nwere nnukwu ihe ịma aka na-abanye na asọmpi Afro Basket afọ 2017 na AFA ghọrọ ndị na-akwado uwe ha. Nkwado a bụ nnukwu mgbanwe egwuregwu maka ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/afa-sports-rescue-mission-african-sports/|title=‘AFA Sports on a rescue mission for African sports’|author=Nlebem|first=Anthony|date=6 May 2018|work=businessday.ng|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054143/https://businessday.ng/sports/article/afa-sports-rescue-mission-african-sports/|archivedate=2019-11-04|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/05/10/afa-sports-changing-the-face-of-african-sports/|title=AFA Sports: Changing the Face of African Sports|author=admin|date=2018-05-10|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref> == Nkwado == === Ndị otu egwuregwu basketball nke ụmụ nwoke nke Naịjirịa === Egwuregwu AFA bụ onye na-akwado uwe elu nke otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwoke nke Naịjirịa, DīTigers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.basketballnigeria.com/2018/02/afa-sports-releases-new-jerseys-for-dtigers/|title=AFA Sports Releases New Jerseys for D’Tigers – NBBF, Nigeria Basketball Federation|work=www.basketballnigeria.com|accessdate=2019-10-11|archivedate=2019-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054138/https://www.basketballnigeria.com/2018/02/afa-sports-releases-new-jerseys-for-dtigers/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2018, AFA Sports wepụtara uwe ọhụrụ maka ndị otu egwuregwu basketball nke Nigeria Senior Male, Dãotigers ka ha na-akwadebe ịpụ na Bamako, Mali maka a2019 FIBA Africa World Cup qualification.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/more/dtigers-check-out-the-new-jerseys-for-nigerias-basketball-team/j2q4e00|title=Check out the new jerseys for Nigeria's basketball team|date=2018-02-23|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054133/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/more/dtigers-check-out-the-new-jerseys-for-nigerias-basketball-team/j2q4e00|archive-date=2019-11-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/afa-sports-releases-new-jerseys-d-tigers/|title=AFA Sports releases new jerseys for D’ Tigers|author=|first=|date=22 February 2018|work=businessday.ng|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054204/https://businessday.ng/sports/article/afa-sports-releases-new-jerseys-d-tigers/|archivedate=2019-11-04|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref> === Ndị otu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Naịjirịa === Na afo 2018 tupu FIBA Women Worldcup, e gosipụtara AFA Sports dị ka onye na-akwado uwe nke otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cse-company.com/afa-sports-has-been-confirmed-as-the-official-jersey-sponsor-of-the-nigeria-female-national-team/|title=AFA SPORTS has been confirmed as the official Jersey sponsor of the Nigeria Female National Team – Continental sports and entertainment|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11|archivedate=2019-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054135/http://cse-company.com/afa-sports-has-been-confirmed-as-the-official-jersey-sponsor-of-the-nigeria-female-national-team/}}</ref> Njikọ a mere ka nzukọ ahụ bụrụ onye mbụ na-emepụta uwe egwuregwu n'Afrịka iji gosipụta na nnukwu asọmpi mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/afa-remembers-early-days-as-dtigress-battle-u-s/|title=AFA remembers early days as D’Tigress battle U.S.|author=Okpara|first=Christian|date=28 September 2018|work=guardian.ng|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001215550/http://guardian.ng:80/sport/afa-remembers-early-days-as-dtigress-battle-u-s/|archivedate=2018-10-01|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ na afọ 2019, AFA kpughere Jersey ọhụrụ maka otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/afrobasket-afa-sports-unveils-jersey-for-dtigress/|title=Afrobasket: AFA Sports unveils jersey for D’Tigress|date=2019-08-06|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/afrobasket-dtigress-unveil-new-kits/|title=AfroBasket: D’Tigress unveil new kits|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref>  Mgbanwe a ma ama na Jersey bụ ntinye nke mbipụta nke agbụrụ Africa nke oge a nke a na-ahụ anya n'olu na mpaghara siri ike nke Jersey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afasports.com/dtigress-home-and-away-kits-2019-20/|title=AFA Sports unveils the new 2019 D'Tigress Uniforms|date=2019-09-05|work=AFA Sports Store|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref> === Njikọ Volleyball nke Nigeria === N'afọ 2017, AFA jikọtara aka na Nigeria Volley Federation dị ka onye na-akwado uwe elu nke otu egwuregwu Volleyball ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aclsports.com/5442-2/|title=Volleyball Nations Cup: AFA Sports partner with federation to kit female team|date=2017-10-03|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-10-11|archivedate=2019-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054136/https://www.aclsports.com/5442-2/}}</ref> === Ndị Na-agbachitere === Na Machị 6, afọ 2019, a mara ọkwa na AFA Sports ga-abụ onye nkwado Kit nke Defenders Basketball Team n'ihu asọmpi African Basketball League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/afa-sports-hails-defenders-for-making-africa-elite-8.html|title=AFA Sports hails Defenders for making Africa Elite 8|date=2019-03-19|work=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-10-11|archivedate=2019-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104054134/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/afa-sports-hails-defenders-for-making-africa-elite-8.html}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/afa-sports-thrilled-by-civil-defenders-africa-elite-eight-feat/|title=AFA Sports thrilled by Civil Defenders’ Africa Elite Eight feat|author=|first=|date=20 March 2019|work=guardian.ng|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321142223/https://guardian.ng/sport/afa-sports-thrilled-by-civil-defenders-africa-elite-eight-feat/|archivedate=2019-03-21|accessdate=2019-10-11}}</ref> === Nkwado CBL === AFA Sports bụ onye isi na-akwado Continental Basketball League (CBL). Dị ka onye na-akwado isi, ha wepụrụ ndị otu ise niile na-asọmpi na asọmpi ahụ.  Ndị otu ahụ bụ Abidjan Raiders, Eko Kings, Lagos City Stars, Lagos Warriors, Yudunde Giants na Libreville Izobe Dragons. === Onye nnọchi anya Brand === AFA Sports na 27 Ọgọstụ, na afọ 2019 kwupụtara onye na-agbachitere Naịjirịa bụ [[Ezinne Kalu]] dị ka onye nnọchi anya ha.  Nke a bịara mgbe ndị otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Naịjirịa meriri FIBA afọ 2019 Afro Basket Tournament maka oge nke abụọ n'usoro ma kpọọ Ezinne onye egwuregwu kachasị mma na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/08/dtigress-ezinne-kalu/|title=Ezinne Kalu becomes AFA Sports’ Ambassador as "D’Tigress" celebrates Victory Against Host Team, Senegal|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2019-08-27|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/more/ezinne-kalu-2019-womens-afrobasket-final-mvp-becomes-afa-sports-ambassador/eq6g78d|title=2019 Women’s Afrobasket final MVP Ezinne Kalu becomes AFA Sports Ambassador|date=2019-08-27|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-12|archivedate=2019-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012060845/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/more/ezinne-kalu-2019-womens-afrobasket-final-mvp-becomes-afa-sports-ambassador/eq6g78d}}</ref> === AFA CTG 1   === CTG 1 bụ onye mbụ na-agba ọsọ. Ọ bụ sneaker basketball ma jiri teknụzụ Contour Traction Grip mee ya.  Ihe kachasị ama ama ya bụ Map nke Africa nke edere na sole. A malitere CTG1 na afọ 2017 ma bụrụ nke mbụ ndị otu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa gosipụtara na asọmpi basketball ụmụ nwanyị Afro nke afọ 2017.<ref name=":0" /> === AFA L-IV  === Egwuregwu AFA kpọrọ tracksuit a L-IV dị ka nnọchiteanya nke echiche nke mba 54 nke Afrịka.  Uwe tracksuit nwere ọkọlọtọ nke mba iri ise na anọ nke Afrịka e biri na ya. AFA nwere ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka basketball, headbands, style sneakers, polo na hoodies. <references group="note" responsive="1"></references> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Coor|45.5093|-122.8299|region:US_type:landmark}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 36niy0ygnf7oyoian6moaw3plq4g7oa 0 27595 741792 707407 2026-10-27T15:20:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741792 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Codex_Egberti_fol._90r.jpg|thumb|Ọrụ Ebube]] Ọrụ ebube bụ ihe omume enweghị ike ịkọwa ya site n'iwu okike ma ọ bụ nke sayensị[1] wee bụrụ nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe na-akpata ike karịrị nke mmadụ ma ọ bụ nke ụwa. Okpukpe dị iche iche na-ekwukarị na ihe omume e ji mara dị ka ọrụ ebube bụ omume nke ihe karịrị mmadụ, (karịsịa) chi, onye dibịa afa, onye ọrụ ebube, onye senti, ma ọ bụ onye ndú okpukpe. N'ụzọ na-edoghị anya, ndị na-asụ Bekee na-ejikarị okwu ọrụ ebube kọwaa ihe omume ọ bụla bara uru nke na-agaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụghị megidere iwu okike, dị ka ịlanarị ọdachi na-emere onwe ya, ma ọ bụ naanị ihe omume "dị ebube", n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ike. (dịka "''ọrụ ebube'' nke ịmụ nwa"). Enwere ike ile ụfọdụ ihe omume anya dị ka ọrụ ebube.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Halbersam|first=Yitta|title=Small Miracles|publisher=Adams Media|year=1890|isbn=1-55850-646-2}}</ref> Ezigbo ọrụ ebube ga-abụ, site na nkọwa, ihe na-abụghị nke okike, na-eduga ọtụtụ ndị edemede ịjụ ọrụ ebube dị ka ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume (ya bụ, na-achọ mmebi iwu nke physics n'ime ngalaba ha) ma ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị ike ikwenye site na ọdịdị ha (n'ihi na usoro anụ ahụ niile nwere ike ghara iwepụ). Thomas Jefferson gosipụtara ọnọdụ mbụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ), nke ikpeazụ site na David Hume. Ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe na-ekwukarị na, site na nduzi Chineke, [[God|Chineke]] na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile site na okike ma, dị ka onye okike, nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị, n'elu, ma ọ bụ megide ya.<ref name="Miracles"> [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/miracles/ Miracles] on the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy </ref> {{Refbegin|2}} ===General references and books=== * Brown, Colin. ''Miracles and the Critical Mind''. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1984. * {{Cite book|author=Desmond|first=Adrian|authorlink=Adrian Desmond|year=1991|title=Darwin|url=https://archive.org/details/darwin0000desm|location=London|publisher=Michael Joseph, Penguin Group|isbn=0-7181-3430-3}} * Chavda, Mahesh. ''Only Love Can Make a Miracle''. Charlotte: Mahesh Chavda Ministries, 1990. * Bontrager, Krista, "It’s a Miracle! Or, is it?", [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207104000/http://www.reasons.org/resources/apologetics/its_a_miracle.shtml?main#_edn8 Reasons.org] * Eisen, Robert (1995). ''Gersonides on Providence, Covenant, and the Chosen People''. [[State University of New York Press]]. * Goodman, Lenn E. (1985). ''Rambam: Readings in the Philosophy of Moses Maimonides''. Gee Bee Tee. * Humphreys, Colin J. ''Miracles of Exodus''. Harper, San Francisco, 2003. * Kellner, Menachem (1986). ''Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought''. [[Oxford University Press]]. * [[C. S. Lewis|Lewis, C.S.]] ''Miracles: A Preliminary Study''. New York, Macmillan Co., 1947. * [[C. F. D. Moule|Moule, C. F. D.]] (ed.). ''Miracles: Cambridge Studies in their Philosophy and History''. London, A.R. Mowbray 1966, ©1965 (Survey of Biblical miracles as well). * [[Graham Twelftree|Twelftree, Graham]]. ''Jesus the Miracle Worker: A Historical and Theological Study''. IVP, 1999. * Woodward, Kenneth L. (2000). ''The Book of Miracles''. New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]. {{ISBN|0684823934}}. * {{Cite book|author=Keener|first=Craig S.|title=Miracles: The Credibility of the New Testament Accounts|url=https://archive.org/details/miraclescredibil0002keen|location=Grand Rapids, MI|publisher=Baker Academic|date=2011|isbn=978-0801039522|oclc=699760418}} {{Refend}}{{Refbegin|2}} ===General references and books=== * Brown, Colin. ''Miracles and the Critical Mind''. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1984. * {{Cite book|author=Desmond|first=Adrian|authorlink=Adrian Desmond|year=1991|title=Darwin|url=https://archive.org/details/darwin0000desm|location=London|publisher=Michael Joseph, Penguin Group|isbn=0-7181-3430-3}} * Chavda, Mahesh. ''Only Love Can Make a Miracle''. Charlotte: Mahesh Chavda Ministries, 1990. * Bontrager, Krista, "It’s a Miracle! Or, is it?", [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207104000/http://www.reasons.org/resources/apologetics/its_a_miracle.shtml?main#_edn8 Reasons.org] * Eisen, Robert (1995). ''Gersonides on Providence, Covenant, and the Chosen People''. [[State University of New York Press]]. * Goodman, Lenn E. (1985). ''Rambam: Readings in the Philosophy of Moses Maimonides''. Gee Bee Tee. * Humphreys, Colin J. ''Miracles of Exodus''. Harper, San Francisco, 2003. * Kellner, Menachem (1986). ''Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought''. [[Oxford University Press]]. * [[C. S. Lewis|Lewis, C.S.]] ''Miracles: A Preliminary Study''. New York, Macmillan Co., 1947. * [[C. F. D. Moule|Moule, C. F. D.]] (ed.). ''Miracles: Cambridge Studies in their Philosophy and History''. London, A.R. Mowbray 1966, ©1965 (Survey of Biblical miracles as well). * [[Graham Twelftree|Twelftree, Graham]]. ''Jesus the Miracle Worker: A Historical and Theological Study''. IVP, 1999. * Woodward, Kenneth L. (2000). ''The Book of Miracles''. New York: [[Simon & Schuster]]. {{ISBN|0684823934}}. * {{Cite book|author=Keener|first=Craig S.|title=Miracles: The Credibility of the New Testament Accounts|url=https://archive.org/details/miraclescredibil0002keen|location=Grand Rapids, MI|publisher=Baker Academic|date=2011|isbn=978-0801039522|oclc=699760418}} {{Refend}} * Ton Bersee On the Meaning of 'Miracle' in Christianity. ''Nnyocha nke arụmụka ọrụ ebube dị ugbu a na atụmatụ nke'' usoro Hermeneutical dị mma, Peeters Publishers, 2021 * Stephen Brogan The Royal Touch in Early Modern England: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọgwụ na mmehie, Royal Historical Society, 2015 * H. A. Drake A Century of Miracles: Christians, Pagans, Jews and the Supernatural, 312-410, Oxford University Press, 2017 * Houdini, Harry Miracle Mongers and Their Methods: A Complete Expose Prometheus Books; Reprint edition (1993) nke e bipụtara na 1920 . * Robert Knapp The Dawn of Christianity: People and Gods in a Time of Magic and Miracles, Profile books, Great Britain, 2017 * Marvin Meyer na Richard Smith Ancient Christian Magic: Coptic Texts of Ritual Power Princeton University Press, 1999 * D. Michaelides (onye nchịkọta akụkọ) Medicine and Healing in the Ancient Mediterranean World, Oxbow Books, 2014 * Joe Nickell Na-achọ Ọrụ Ebube: Ihe oyiyi na-ebe ákwá, Ihe Ncheta, Stigmata, Ọhụụ na Ọgwụgwọ, Prometheus Books, 1997 * William A. Nolen Healing: Dọkịta na-achọ ọrụ ebube, Random House, 1975 * Roy Porter The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity, W.W. Norton & Co., 1997 * James Randi The Faith Healers, Prometheus Books, 1987 * Matthew Rowley na Natasha Hodgson (ed), Miracles, Political Authority and Violence in Medieval and Early Modern History. London, Routledge, 2022 * Andrew Dickson White (1896 mbipụta mbụ. A classic work constantly re-printed) A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, Lee isi nke 13, ''akụkụ'' nke 2, Growth of Legends of Healing: the life of ''Saint Francis Xavier'' as a typical example. * [http://www.miraclesormagic.com Ọrụ Ebube] ma ọ bụ Ime Anwansi nke Rory Roybal?. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * {{Cite book|author=Graves|first=Wilfred|authorlink=Wilfred Graves, Jr.|title=Popular and elite understandings of miracles in enlightened England. A dissertation submitted to the Center for Advanced Theological Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy|publisher=Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Theology|year=2007|location=Pasadena, CA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWP3XxGZAw0C|isbn=9780549274575}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Akụkọ [http://www.iep.utm.edu/miracles/ ọrụ ebube] na Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy * Skepdic.com, Skeptic's Dictionary on miracles *   *   * "[http://www.disf.org/en/Voci/86.asp Ọrụ ebube]" na Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230613215341/https://sma.org/southern-medical-journal/article/the-history-of-thinking-about-miracles-in-the-west/ Akụkọ banyere iche echiche banyere ọrụ ebube na West] * Mukto-mona.com, nkọwa nke onye India Skeptic banyere ọrụ ebube: Site na Yuktibaadi, nke Basava Premanand chịkọtara * Andrew Lang, Psychanalyse-paris.com, "Science and 'Miracles'", The Making of Religion Chapter II, Longmans, Green, and Co., London, New York and Bombay, 1900, pp. 14-38. * Almut Hoefert (ed.): Ọrụ ebube, ihe ịtụnanya na anụ ọhịa na Middle Ages. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320215642/http://documents.routledge-interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/9781138793934/A2/Hume/HumeMiracles.pdf Hume na Ọrụ Ebube] {{philosophy of religion|state=collapsed}}{{Miracles of Jesus}}{{Authority control}} rphzcuqmgn23fs18ddvzf1z9npkihuk 0 29580 741795 726367 2026-10-27T16:30:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Steve_Irwin_and_Bob_Barker.jpg|thumb|MY <nowiki><i id="mwDA">Steve Irwin</i></nowiki> (n'aka ekpe) na MY <nowiki><i id="mwDg">Bob Barker</i></nowiki> (n'ụzọ nri), ha abụọ kwụsịrị na Hobart]] Ndị agha mmiri Neptune bụ aha Captain Paul Watson (onye guzobere Captain Paul Watson Foundation) naeji ezo aka na '''ụgbọ mmiri''' ọ naarụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nonprofit {{!}} Captain Paul Watson Foundation|url=https://www.paulwatsonfoundation.org/|accessdate=2023-04-20|work=CPWF|language=en}}</ref> A naeji ọtụtụ nime ụgbọ mmiri ndị a eme ihe iji mebie ma ọ bụ gbochie ịkụ azụ iwu naakwadoghị, igbu whale ma ọ bụ ọrụ akara.<ref name="The New Yorker 2007-11-05">{{Cite news|author=Khatchadourian|first=Raffi|date=November 5, 2007|title=Neptune's Navy|work=The New Yorker|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/11/05/071105fa_fact_khatchadourian|accessdate=January 18, 2008}}</ref> == Ụgbọ Mmiri == === Oge gara aga === [[Usòrò:Farley_Mowat_at_Docklands,_Melbourne,_Australia.jpg|thumb|RV Farley Mowat na Melbourne, [[Ostraliya|Australia]]. Gọọmentị Canada weghaara ya kpamkpam maka itinye aka n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na ịchụ nta seal.]] A zụrụ Ocean Warrior, nke e mechara kpọwa RV <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Farley Mowat</i></nowiki> na 1996 mana gọọmentị Canada weghaara ya nọnwa Eprel afọ 2008. Nihi afọ nke arịa ahụ, Society ekpebiela ịghara ịchụso ụzọ ọ bụla iji weghachite ya. Paul Watson kwuru nezie na ha kpachapụrụ anya jiri ụgbọ mmiri nke kara nká maka Sea Shepherd iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-090910-1.html|title=The Tar Baby Farley Case is Now Closed|work=Seal Savers Sentenced for "Egregious Crime" of Seeing a Seal Slain|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=September 30, 2009|accessdate=January 25, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123224620/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-090910-1.html|archivedate=January 23, 2010}}</ref> Na June 2009 Sea Shepherd kwupụtara na trimaran Earthrace, nke e mechara kpọwa Ady Gil, gaeso ọrụ ya na 2009-10 megide igbu whale nke Japan na [[Southern Ocean]] Whale Sanctuary. [[Pete Bethune]], onye naarụ ọrụ nụgbọ mmiri ahụ, kwuru na e nwere nkwekọrịta na Sea Shepherd maka ụgbọ mmiri ahụ iji nweta ọrụ nkwado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/06/29/2611001.htm|title=Futuristic boat to join whale protest|date=June 29, 2009|accessdate=September 30, 2009|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-date=September 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904071429/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/06/29/2611001.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nabalị iri na asaa nọnwa Ọktoba nafọ 2009, e nyere ndị mgbasa ozi Earthrace ọrụ ọhụrụ naacha oji, ma nye ya aha ''Ady Gil'', site na aha onye isi naakwado ya. Na Jenụwarị 6, 2010 ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mebiri nke ukwuu n'oké osimiri na ụgbọ mmiri Japan ''Shōnan Maru 2''.<ref name="ady gil hit">{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/06/2786732.htm|title=Whalers hit Sea Shepherd boat|date=January 6, 2010|accessdate=January 7, 2010|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-date=January 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108083050/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/06/2786732.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Ady Gil'' mikpuru na Jenụwarị 8 mgbe a naadọkpụ ya gaa na French Dumont dUrville Station na Antarctica mgbe ọ jupụtara na mmiri wee dị arọ ịdọrọ. E mere atụmatụ na ego ahụ furu efu bụ $ 1.5 nde.<ref name="SUNK">ABC News, January 8, 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101129192402/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/08/2787921.htm Ady Gil sinks after whaling skirmish]</ref> [[Usòrò:Ady_Gil_2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Otu n'ime ụgbọ mmiri Sea Shepherd, MY Ady Gil na Hobart, Tasmania. A tụbara ụgbọ mmiri ahụ maka ebumnuche PR mgbe ya na MV Shōnan Maru 2 kụrụ, onye na-egbu whale na Japan]] E nwetara ''Steve Irwin'' na 2006 ma na mbụ a na-akpọ ''Robert Hunter''. A gbanwere aha ya iji sọpụrụ onye Australia Steve Irwin ("The Crocodile Hunter").<ref name="Herald Sun 2007-12-05">{{Cite news|first=Sarah|author=Wotherspoon|title=Protest ship renamed to honour Croc Hunter Steve Irwin|date=December 5, 2007|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22871246-2862,00.html|work=Herald Sun|accessdate=July 14, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107034924/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22871246-2862,00.html|archive-date=January 7, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Terri Irwin, nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ, kwadoro Sea Shepherd, na-ekwu, "Whales anọwo na obi Steve mgbe niile ma na 2006 ọ na-enyocha ohere nke isonyere Sea Shepherd n'akụkụ nke njem ya iji chebe ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a mara mma. "<ref name="Shipping Times 2007-12-06">{{Cite news|url=http://www.shippingtimes.co.uk/item998_steve_irwin.htm|title=Sea Shepherd vessel named in honour of Steve Irwin|date=December 6, 2007|work=Shipping Times|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref> Sea Shepherd rụrụ ọrụ na MY Steve Irwin ruo na Disemba 2018. N'ihi nnukwu ego mmezi na afọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, a kwụsịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma hapụ ya na Sea Shepherd Fleet. A ga-ewepụ ya maka akụkụ ebe a ga-ebufe ọtụtụ n'ime ha na MY Ocean Warrior.<ref name="M/Y Steve Irwin Retires">{{Cite news|url=https://www.seashepherdglobal.org/latest-news/sea-shepherd-flagship-my-steve-irwin/|title=Sea Shepherd Retires Steve Irwin|date=December 3, 2018|accessdate=December 20, 2018}}</ref> N'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, Sea Shepherd emechaala na-ere ụgbọ mmiri kama idebe ha. Sea Shepherd nwetara Ocean 7 Adventurer maka mkpọsa ya na 2011 megide igbu whale nke Japan na Antarctic, na-akpọ ya MV ''Gojira''.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Darby|first=Andrew|date=November 18, 2010|title=Ady Gil and whalers both at fault for collision: inquiry|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/ady-gil--and-whalers-both-at-fault-for-collision-inquiry-20101118-17y8u.html|accessdate=November 18, 2010}}</ref> Mgbe e kwusịrị na iwu kwadoro, Sea Shepherd gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ MV ''Gojira'' ma mesịa bụrụ MV ''Brigitte Bardot''<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 25, 2011|title=The Beast Transforms into a Beauty as Godzilla Becomes the Brigitte Bardot|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-110525-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703225105/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-110525-1.html|archivedate=July 3, 2011|accessdate=December 30, 2011|publisher=Sea Shepherd}}</ref> Na Disemba 29, 2011 ebili mmiri 6 m (20 ) mebiri ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ka ọ na-achụ ndị Japan na-egbu whale n'oge Operation Divine Wind n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Australia. A gbawara isi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma jiri eriri jide ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.<ref>[[Jiji Press]], "Sea Shepherd scouting vessel badly damaged", ''[[Japan Times]]'', December 30, 2011, p. 2.</ref> N'ịzaghachi ihe omume a na usoro ọhụrụ nke ndị Japan na-egbu whale, Paul Watson ekwuola na ọ na-ezube inweta ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ iji gbochie onwe ha ịbụ ndị karịrị ha n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na ndị dị mkpirikpi n'ọdịnihu. E mechara ree ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-20|title=Sea Shepherd Retires High-Speed Trimaran, Brigitte Bardot|url=https://seashepherd.org/news/sea-shepherd-retires-high-speed-trimaran-brigitte-bardot/|accessdate=2021-06-20|work=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-akpọ Bob Barker nke dị tọn 1200, aha ya bụ Bob Barker, onye na-eme ihe ngosi egwuregwu telivishọn a ma ama na onye na-ahụ maka anụmanụ, onye mere ka ịzụta ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu whale nke Norwegian lara ezumike nká nwee ike site na onyinye nke US $ 5 nde.<ref name="nyt1">{{Cite news|author=Itzkoff|first=Dave|date=January 6, 2010|title=Bob Barker, Whale Pal|work=[[New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/07/arts/television/07arts-BOBBARKERWHA_BRF.html|accessdate=January 6, 2010}}</ref> E nyere ụgbọ mmiri a na ''Irwin'' ọrụ ọhụrụ na 2011. Ọ dị mfe ịmata ha ebe ọ bụ na ''Irwin'' nwere 77 e sere n'ụgbọ ya ebe ''Bob Barker'' nwere ọnụ shark n'ụba ya. N'ọnwa Nọvemba nke afọ 2022 Sea Shepherd kwupụtara na a ga-ala ezumike nká ma kpochapụ ''Bob Barker'' n'ihi na ọ na-agbada n'ime akwụkwọ ozi, "Ọ na-agbadata na igwe na-eme agadi, pụtara na enweghịzi ike ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'enweghị nsogbu. Ya mere, Sea Shepherd Global nwere ibu ọrụ maka nchekwa nke ndụ n'oké osimiri, na gburugburu mmiri, iji kwụsị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpamkpam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2022-11-17|title=Remembering the Sea Shepherd Vessel, Bob Barker|url=https://www.seashepherdglobal.org/latest-news/remembering-vessel-bob-barker/|accessdate=2022-11-19|work=Sea Shepherd Global|language=en}}</ref> [[Usòrò:MV_Brigitte_Bardot_at_Circular_Quay_Sydney.jpg|thumb|MV Brigitte Bardot docked in Circular Quay, [[Sydney]]]] {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ụgbọ mmiri ndị gara aga ! scope="col" |Aha ụgbọ mmiri<ref name="vessel list">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2015/06/01/sea-shepherd-welcomes-the-farley-mowat-and-the-jules-verne-to-its-fleet-1697|title=Sea Shepherd Welcomes the Farley Mowat and the Jules Verne to its Fleet|date=June 1, 2015|accessdate=April 1, 2016|archivedate=June 3, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603195305/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2015/06/01/sea-shepherd-welcomes-the-farley-mowat-and-the-jules-verne-to-its-fleet-1697}}</ref> ! scope="col" |Ojiji a na-eji eme ihe n'afọ<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" |A na-akpọ ya ! scope="col" |Ọnọdụ |- | scope="row" |''Onye Ọzụzụ Atụ nke Oké Osimiri'' / Onye Ọzụzụ Áụ nke Oké osimiri<ref name="news.google.com">The Age [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=51sQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5728,1161703&dq=sea-shepherd+sierra Conservationist Admits Ramming 'Whaler'] Accessed 090731</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |1978-79 |UK |Ndị lara ezumike nká |- | scope="row" |''Onye Ọzụzụ Atụ nke Oké Osimiri nke Abụọ''<ref name="news.google.com" /> | style="text-align:center;" |1980-92 |UK |Ndị lara ezumike nká |- | scope="row" |''Ifufe nke Chineke''<ref name="seashepherd.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/master-and-commander.html|title=Complete List of Sea Shepherd Voyages|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|accessdate=December 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114142615/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/master-and-commander.html|archivedate=January 14, 2013}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |1987-88 |Panama |Ahịa |- | scope="row" |Edward Abbey/Sirenian<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181119092043/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sea+Shepherd+Vessel+Departs+US+for+Five-Year+Patrol+%26+Relief+Mission...-a067627465 Sea Shepherd Vessel Departs US for Five-Year Patrol & Relief Mission in Galapagos Islands] ''Business Wire'', Accessed August 6, 2009.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |1990-2005 |USA/Canada |Onyinye e nyere Ecuador |- | scope="row" |''Cleveland Amory''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/the-fleet.html|title=Neptune's Navy|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|accessdate=December 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010154023/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/the-fleet.html|archivedate=October 10, 2012}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |1993-94 |Canada |Ndị lara ezumike nká |- | scope="row" |''Whales ruo mgbe ebighị ebi''<ref name="The Ellensburg Daily Record 1994-07-07">{{Cite news|title=Norway shoots at anti-whalers|date=July 7, 1994|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pvgPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6572,551229&dq=sea-shepherd+whales+forever|work=The Ellensburg Daily Record|page=6|accessdate=October 8, 2009}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |1994-96 |St. Vincent |Ndị lara ezumike nká |- | scope="row" |Sea Shepherd III (1997) Ocean Warrior (1996) RV<br /><br /><br /><br /> Farley Mowat (2002)<br /><br /><br /><br /><ref name="seashepherd.org" /> | style="text-align:center;" |1997-2008 |Canada (2002), UK (2006), Belize (2006-07), Netherlands (2008)<br /><br /><br /><br /> |Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Azụmaahịa na Oké Osimiri nke Canada weghaara |- | scope="row" |Egwuregwu ụwa/MY Ady Gil<ref name="The Guardian 2010-11-18">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/nov/18/ady-gil-whaler-blamed-collision?INTCMP=SRCH|title=Ady Gil and Japanese whaler both blamed for collision|work=The Guardian|date=November 18, 2010|accessdate=December 30, 2012}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |New Zealand |Njikọ Njikọ mgbe mgbagwoju anya gasịrị<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- | scope="row" |''Ọwara Oké Osimiri Azzurro''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2010/08/18/death-in-the-ferocious-isles-sea-shepherd-under-escort-by-the-danish-navy-147|title=Death in the Ferocious Isles: Sea Shepherd under Escort by the Danish Navy|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=August 18, 2010|accessdate=December 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212000654/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2010/08/18/death-in-the-ferocious-isles-sea-shepherd-under-escort-by-the-danish-navy-147|archivedate=February 12, 2013}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2012 |Netherlands |Chartered |- | scope="row" |Robert Hunter/MY Steve Irwin (Sea Shepherd Flagship)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news/media_071205_1.html|title=Sea Shepherd Renames Its Whale Defending Ship the Steve Irwin|publisher=Sea Shepherd|date=December 5, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105103720/http://www.seashepherd.org/news/media_071205_1.html|archivedate=January 5, 2008}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230819000754/https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/who-we-are/the-fleet.html Sea Shepherd Worldwide Fleet].</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2006 - 2018 |UK/Netherlands |Ọ lara ezumike nká na ngwụcha afọ 2018<ref>[https://maritime-executive.com/article/sea-shepherd-to-retire-flagship-m-y-steve-Irwin Sea Shepherd to Retire Flagship M/Y Steve Irwin]. ''The Maritime Executive''. 2 December 2018.</ref><ref>[https://safety4sea.com/sea-shepherd-to-scrap-m-y-steve-irwin/ Sea Shepherd to scrap M/Y Steve Irwin]. ''Safety4Sea'' 8 December 2018.</ref> |- | scope="row" |MY Alchemy<ref name="Alchemy for SS">[https://www.facebook.com/WeAreSeaShepherd/posts/1873212516031759 Introducing the Alchemy]. Paul Watson. 24 March 2018.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2018 - 2019 |Agwaetiti Marshall |E rere ya onye nwe ya ọhụrụ n'ihi ọrịa coronavirus nke afọ 2020 |- | scope="row" |Gojira/MV Brigitte Bardot<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eyeinthesky.com.au/eye-in-the-sky-magazine|title=Japanese whalers to face new enemy in 'Godzilla'|publisher=GrindTV|accessdate=November 30, 2010|archive-date=December 3, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203161232/http://www.eyeinthesky.com.au/eye-in-the-sky-magazine|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2010 - 2021 |Dominica |Ọ lara ezumike nká na June 2021 ma ree ya onye nwe ya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-20|title=Sea Shepherd Retires High-Speed Trimaran, Brigitte Bardot|url=https://seashepherd.org/news/sea-shepherd-retires-high-speed-trimaran-brigitte-bardot/|accessdate=2021-06-20|work=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | scope="row" |MV White Holly | style="text-align:center;" |2018 - 2021 |Dominica |E wepụrụ ya na Disemba 2021 ma ree ya maka ụgbọ mmiri na ngwá ọrụ a na-ebufe na <nowiki><i id="mw_A">Sharpie</i></nowiki>. |- |MY Bob Barker<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 5, 2010|title=The Time is Right for Bob Barker to Rescue the Whales|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2010/01/05/the-time-is-right-for-bob-barker-to-rescue-the-whales-265|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020143731/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2010/01/05/the-time-is-right-for-bob-barker-to-rescue-the-whales-265|archivedate=October 20, 2012|accessdate=December 30, 2012|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]}}</ref> |2009 - 2022 |Netherlands |E wepụrụ ya na Nọvemba 2022 ma ree ya maka ihe mkpofu na ego a natara na-aga na mkpọsa nke Bob Barker.<ref name=":0"/> |- |} === Ugbu a === N'ihe dị ka afọ 2022, ndị ọrụ nchekwa na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri iri, M/Y Conrad, MY Age of Union (nke bụbu MY Sam Simon), RV Martin Sheen, MY Jairo Mora Sandoval, MY Farley Mowat ọhụrụ, MV John Paul. DeJoria, MY Ocean Warrior, MV Sharpie, MV Emanuel Bronner, na Ugo Oké Osimiri MY.. Nihi ihe mere na ''Brigitte Bardot'' Sea Shepherd agbanweela site na yachts na trimarans maka ụgbọ mmiri ndị naagagharị ngwa ngwa, ndị naegbu egbu, na catamarans iji melite ụgbọ mmiri ya. Sea Shepherd nwetara 56 m (184 ) ogologo MY ''Sam Simon'' na June 2012, a naakpọ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ aha onye naemepụta The Simpsons bụ onye nyere onyinye buru ibu iji kwado ịzụta ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. ''Sam Simon'' bụ onye Japan Meteorological Agency na Maizuru Marine Laboratory na-arụ ọrụ noge gara aga nokpuru aha ''Seifu Maru''.<ref>[[Jiji Press]], "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121213f4.html Sea Shepherd converts Japan ship]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', December 13, 2012, p. 3</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2015, Sea Shepherd USA zụrụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ naeche nche na U.S. Coast Guard na nso nso a. Ha naagba ọsọ karịa ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ, na-agba ngwa ngwa nke 30 knots. Ụgbọ miri abụọ a bụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị nche 110-foot (34 m) Island-class ma naakpọ MY ''John Paul DeJoria'', (nke a naakpọbu ''Jules Verne'') na MY ''Farley Mowat''.<ref name="uscg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherdglobal.org/news-and-commentary/news/sea-shepherd-welcomes-the-farley-mowat-and-the-jules-verne-to-its-fleet.html|title=Sea Shepherd Welcomes the Farley Mowat and the Jules Verne to its Fleet|publisher=Sea Shepherd Global|date=June 2, 2015|accessdate=June 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611021104/http://www.seashepherdglobal.org/news-and-commentary/news/sea-shepherd-welcomes-the-farley-mowat-and-the-jules-verne-to-its-fleet.html|archivedate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> Nọnwa Disemba 2017, Sea Shepherd kpughere ụgbọ mmiri nche U.S. nke atọ, MV Sharpie. Ụgbọ mmiri a yiri ''Farley Mowat'' na ''John Paul DeJoria''. Na Jenụwarị 26, 2015, na Goed Geld Gala (Good Money Gala) kwa afọ na Amsterdam, Sea Shepherd natara onyinye nke € 8.3 nde ($ 9.4 nde) iji zụta ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ maka ọrụ nrọ Sea Shepherd nyere "Stop Illegal Fishing in the Southern Ocean". Ọ bụ onye Dutch naewu ụgbọ mmiri bụ Damen rụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na [[Turkéy|Turkey]], na ọnụahịa ikpeazụ nke $ 12 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherdglobal.org/news-and-commentary/news/sea-shepherd-receives-8-3-million-euros-from-the-dutch-postcode-lottery.html|title=Sea Shepherd receives 8.3 million Euros from the Dutch Postcode Lottery for the Protection of the Southern Ocean|publisher=Sea Shepherd Global|date=January 27, 2015|accessdate=June 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150126234140/http://www.seashepherdglobal.org/news-and-commentary/news/sea-shepherd-receives-8-3-million-euros-from-the-dutch-postcode-lottery.html|archivedate=January 26, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Flitton">{{Cite news|author=Flitton|first=Daniel|url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/sea-shepherds-12m-new-custombuilt-vessel-arrives-in-australia-20161115-gspqkf.html|title=Sea Shepherd's $12m new custom-built vessel arrives in Australia|work=The Age|date=15 November 2016|accessdate=2016-11-15}}</ref> Ụgbọ mmiri a e wuru nụzọ omenala bụ ụgbọ mmiri Damen Stan 50 m n'ogologo na 9 m nobosara. A kpọrọ ya MY Ocean Warrior ma malite ya na Septemba 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/sea-shepherd-names-new-patrol-vessel|title=Sea Shepherd Names New Patrol Vessel|work=The Maritime Executive|date=March 22, 2016|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Inverse">{{Cite news|author=Ronson|first=Jacqueline|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/13604-sea-shepherd-s-first-custom-anti-whaling-boat-will-intimidate-antarctica-crooks|title=Sea Shepherd's First Custom Anti-Whaling Boat Will Intimidate Antarctica Crooks|work=Inverse|date=March 31, 2016|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> Ocean Warrior bụ ụgbọ mmiri kachasị ugbu a, ọ nwere injin anọ nwere ike ịgba ọsọ kachasị elu nke 30 knots (56 km / h), yabụ ọ nwere ike ịgbapụ karịa ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla dị na ụgbọ mmiri naegbu whale nke Japan; ọ nwekwara tankị mmanụ ọzọ dị anya.<ref name="Flitton" /> Njem mbụ ya gaabụ akụkụ nke 2016-2017 Operation Nemesis na Southern Ocean. Na Septemba 17, 2020 Sea Shepherd nwetara M / Y Conrad iji dochie ''Bardot'' na ''Alchemy'' maka ọrụ na Mediterenian nihi ụgwọ iji zipụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ nebe ahụ n'ihi ọrịa na n'ihi mmezi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-17|title=Sea Shepherd is back defending Italian waters with a new catamaran|url=https://www.seashepherdglobal.org/latest-news/italian-waters-new-catamaran/|accessdate=2021-06-20|work=Sea Shepherd Global|language=en}}</ref> NApril 27, 2021, Sea Shepherd kwupụtara ịzụta ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ, Sea Eagle. A zụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ site nenyemaka nke Allianz ma gaejikarị ya arụ ọrụ na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Sea Eagle Joins Sea Shepherd’s Fleet of Marine Conservation Vessels|url=https://www.seashepherdglobal.org/latest-news/sea-eagle-joins-fleet/|work=Sea Shepherd Global|accessdate=20 May 2021|date=27 Apr 2021}}</ref> Na Julaị 8, 2022 Sea Shepherd nwetara Sharkwater site na Fins Attached wee tinye ya na ụgbọ ''mmiri'' ha. Sea Shepherd naeme atụmatụ ịkwadebe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ maka mkpọsa na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] iji zọpụta Vaquita na ịkwụsị ịkwaga na Gulf of California na Galapagos.<ref>{{Cite web|author=SeaShepherdSSCS|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Expands Fleet - Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|url=https://seashepherd.org/2022/07/27/sea-shepherd-conservation-society-expands-fleet/?fbclid=IwAR1VP9AVvKqDXcI_mpB5S4XUHICYa9uoKtzZUWGX_Q5d__hWtiL2AasVvJk|accessdate=2022-08-02|work=seashepherd.org|language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ụgbọ mmiri dị ka nke 2022 ! scope="col" |Aha ụgbọ mmiri ! scope="col" |Afọ ole o jere ozi ! scope="col" |A na-akpọ ya |- | scope="row" |MY Age of Union<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/06/21/the-mv-sam-simon-to-join-the-sea-shepherd-fleet-for-the-next-voyage-to-antarctica-1395|title=The M/V Sam Simon to Join the Sea Shepherd Fleet for the Next Voyage to Antarctica|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=June 21, 2012|accessdate=June 22, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624211308/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/06/21/the-mv-sam-simon-to-join-the-sea-shepherd-fleet-for-the-next-voyage-to-antarctica-1395|archivedate=June 24, 2012}}</ref><ref name="ssgageofunion">{{Cite web|title=Sea Shepherd Welcomes Age of Union to the Fleet|url=https://www.seashepherdglobal.org/latest-news/age-of-union-welcome/|work=Sea Shepherd Global|accessdate=13 January 2022|language=en|date=5 January 2022}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2012 - ugbu a |Netherlands |- | scope="row" |MY Jairo Mora Sandoval | style="text-align:center;" |2013 - ugbu a |UK |- | scope="row" |''RV Martin Sheen''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-reese-halter/martin-sheen-protects-oce_b_6009666.html|title=Martin Sheen Protects Oceans, Newest Sea Shepherd Vessel Unveiled|work=Huffington Post|date=November 10, 2014|accessdate=April 10, 2015|author=halter, Reese}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2014 - ugbu a |USA |- | scope="row" |MY Farley Mowat (new) | style="text-align:center;" |2015 - ugbu a |Dominica |- | scope="row" |Jules Verne/MV John Paul DeJoria | style="text-align:center;" |2015 - ugbu a |Dominica |- | scope="row" |MY Ocean Warrior<br /><br /><br /><br />(fleet flagship)<ref>[https://safety4sea.com/sea-shepherd-to-scrap-m-y-steve-irwin/ Sea Shepherd to scrap M/Y Steve Irwin]. ''Safety4Sea'' 8 December 2018.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2016 - ugbu a |Netherlands |- | scope="row" |MV Emanuel Bronner | style="text-align:center;" |2017 - ugbu a |Germany |- | scope="row" |MV Sharpie<ref>[https://www.oceannews.com/news/milestones/sea-shepherd-launches-new-anti-poaching-vessel-m-v-sharpie Sea Shepherd Launches New Anti-Poaching Vessel M/V Sharpie]. ''Ocean News & Technology''.8 December 2017.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |2017 - ugbu a |Dominica |- |M/Y ''Conrad'' |2020 - ugbu a |Ịtali |- |''Ugo Oké Osimiri'' m |2021 - ugbu a |Netherlands |- |''MV Sharkwater'' |2022 - ugbu a |USA |} == Ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ == Otu ahụ arụwokwa obere ụgbọ mmiri na mkpọsa ya gụnyere jet skis, Delta RHIB na Zodiac inflatables nke e depụtara na nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite news|title=All-One on the High Seas - Dr. Bronner's|date=2017-06-14|work=Dr. Bronner's|language=en-US}}</ref> Nafọ 1999, Sea Shepherd nwetara obere ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nolileanya iji ya megide ndị naegbu whale. Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma Sea Shepherd kpebiri ire ya kama maka ọnụahịa a naakọwaghị.<ref name="The New Yorker 2007-11-05"/><ref name="The Seattle Times 2005-10-08">{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/test-diving-a-personal-submarine/|title=Test-diving a personal submarine|author=Sorensen|first=Eric|date=October 8, 2005|work=The Seattle Times|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref> == Ụgbọelu == Na mgbakwunye na akụ ha dị noké osimiri, Sea Shepherd naejikwa ụdị ụgbọ elu dị iche iche site na ụgbọ mmiri ha; ndị a gụnyere Sikorsky S-300 na MD 500 helicopters nke a naebukarị nụgbọ mmiri ''Steve Irwin'', drones na-enweghị onye na-anya, na obere ụgbọ elu nke e ji mee ihe noge mkpọsa ha na Faroe Islands. A naeji ụgbọelu eme nchọpụta nihu iji chọọ ihe ndị a naachọ karịa anya, yana nyochaa ọrụ ozugbo e nwetara ihe a naahụ. == Nchegbu maka ndebanye aha == [[Usòrò:Seashepherd_small_pt.jpg|thumb|Flag Sea Shepherd na-efe efe na RV <nowiki><i id="mwAb8">Farley Mowat</i></nowiki>.]] Ụgbọ mmiri ndị naarụ ọrụ naese okwu emeela ka ọtụtụ gọọmentị nwee nsogbu ndebanye aha, ụgbọ mmiri ndị na ya efegharịla ọkọlọtọ nke ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche.<ref name="Mohawk Traditional Council 2009-02-13">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mohawktraditionalcouncil.org/documents/SSCSLet_2009_sig.doc|title=Five Nations Confederacy Flag Flying Proud on Earth's Oceans|author=Stuart|first=Myiow|date=February 13, 2009|publisher=Mohawk Traditional Council|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref><ref name="The Scotsman 2007-02-03">{{Cite news|url=http://news.scotsman.com/topstories/Whaling-protesters-are-pirates-of.3343483.jp|title=Whaling protesters are pirates of the Antarctic as ships deregistered|author=Neighbour|first=Margaret|date=February 3, 2007|work=The Scotsman|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref><ref name="The Sydney Morning Herald 2007-01-06">{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/buccaneer-a-badge-of-honour-for-whaling-opponent/2007/01/05/1167777279081.html|title=Buccaneer a badge of honour for whaling opponent|author=Darby|first=Andrew|date=January 6, 2007|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref><ref name="NORSK">[http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/verden/1.6937309 Sea Shepherd kom med norsk flagg] – ''[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|Norsk rikskringkasting AS]]'', published January 8, 2010. ([[Norwegian language|Norwegian]])</ref><ref name="NIS News 2009-06-27 2002-05-10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nisnews.nl/public/270609_3.htm|title=Govt Wants Emergency Act against 'Environmental Pirates'|date=June 27, 2009|publisher=NIS News|archive-date=August 26, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826164209/http://www.nisnews.nl/public/270609_3.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2006, Canada kagburu ndebanye aha ''Farley Mowat''. Ka e mesịrị nafọ ahụ, Japan rịọrọ ka [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] wepụ ''Robert Hunter'' nke ọkọlọtọ ya na Belize wepụ ''Farley Mowat'' nke ya. E wepụrụ ''Robert Hunter'' na ndekọ ụgbọ mmiri nke United Kingdom ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ ya "naekwekọghị na ọnọdụ ya dị ka ụgbọ mmiri ntụrụndụ".<ref name="The Scotsman 2007-02-03"/> International Merchant Marine Registry nke Belize wepụrụ iji ọkọlọtọ mba ahụ mee ihe mgbe ọ chọpụtara na anaghị eji ''Farley Mowat'' eme ihe dị ka ụgbọ mmiri ntụrụndụ ma kwuo na "ọ pụghị ịnakwere omume ndị naeyi ndụ na ihe onwunwe egwu noké osimiri".<ref name="The Sydney Morning Herald 2007-01-06"/> Kansụl ọdịnala Mohawk nke Kahnawake nyere nkwado na ọkọlọtọ nke Iroquois Confederacy iji felie na ''Farley Mowat'' na ''Robert Hunter''.<ref name="Mohawk Traditional Council 2009-02-13"/> Na mbido afọ 2010, ''Bob Barker'' ji obere oge mee ka ọkọlọtọ Norwegian naefe efe na ebumnuche nke iduhie ndị naegbu whale na Japan.<ref name="NORSK"/> ''Steve Irwin'' naagba ụgbọ mmiri ugbu a nokpuru ọkọlọtọ [[Netherlands|Dutch]], mana ewepụtara iwu iji machibido otu ahụ iji ya.<ref name="NIS News 2009-06-27 2002-05-10"/> Minista naahụ maka njem mechara kwuo na ọ nweghị ebumnuche ọzọ nke iwepụ ''Steve Irwin''.<ref>DutchNews November 27, 2009 [http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/print/019797.php Anti-whaling ship can remain Dutch]</ref> Nọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2010, mgbe Japan rịọrọ arịrịọ ugboro ugboro, ewepụtara iwu ọhụrụ nke gaagbanwe iwu ndebanye aha iji kwe ka ewepụ ụgbọ mmiri na ndebanye aha ma ọ bụrụ na omume ha mebiri aha Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100206a6.html|title=Dutch bill would hit Sea Shepherd|date=February 6, 2010|work=The Japan Times|accessdate=February 6, 2010}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na Febụwarị 2010, Japan kwupụtara na [[Togo]] ewepụla ''Bob Barker'' na ndekọ ya.<ref name="OKADA">{{Cite news|url=http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews/articleid/3879821|title=Detained antiwhaling activist in good health: Okada|date=February 19, 2010|work=[[Kyodo News]] International|accessdate=February 22, 2010}}</ref> Bob Barker edebanyela aha ya na Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-100524-1.html|title=The Bob Barker Goes Dutch|date=May 25, 2010|accessdate=November 2, 2010|archive-date=May 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528104303/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-100524-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0jqvpii3soui9v5o6cu5o9gu4k3j46d 0 30275 741789 120914 2026-10-27T14:56:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741789 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Usòrò:Postpartum_baby2.jpg|thumb]] N'ịmụ nwa, '''ọmụmụ dị ndụ''' na-ewere ọnọdụ mgbe nwa e bu n'afọ na-apụ n'ahụ nne na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama ọ bụla doro anya nke ndụ dị ka [[Muscle|mmegharị]] onwe onye, ịkụ obi, ma ọ bụ ịkụ aka nke eriri nwa maka oge dị mkpirikpi ma ọ bụ n'agbanyeghị ma eriri umbililic ma ọ bụ placenta adịghị mma.<ref>World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tenth Revision. Vol 2. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1993:129.</ref> Mgbe a chụpụrụ nwa e bu n'afọ n'ahụ nne, a na-akpọ ya nwa ọhụrụ. Ma ọmụmụ ahụ bụ site na akụkụ ahụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ site na ịwa ahụ, na ma nwa [[Ọmụmụ nwa|ọhụrụ]] ahụ nwere ike ịdị ndụ, ọ baghị uru. Nkọwa nke okwu ahụ bụ "ọmụmụ dị ndụ" sitere n'aka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na afo otu puku iri itolu na iri ise, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ahụike ọha na eze na ebumnuche ọnụ ọgụgụ. Otú ọ dị, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ "ọmụmụ dị ndụ" eme ihe ogologo oge tupu afọ otu puku iri itolu, na iri ise.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?num=100&q=%22live+birth%22+date%3A1500-1950&btnG=Search+Books&as_brr=1 Search full view Google Books for "live birth" prior to the year 1950].</ref> Ọ bụghị ime niile na-akpata ọmụmụ dị ndụ. Nwanyị nwere ike ịhọrọ ịkwụsị ime ya site na [[Iwepu afọ ime|ite ime]]. Ime ime ọpụpụ, nke a makwaara dị ka ite ime na-enweghị isi na ọnwụ ime, bụ ọnwụ sitere n'okike nke nwa e bu n'afọ ma ọ bụ nwa e bu ụzọ tupu ya enwee ike ịdị ndụ n'onwe ya.<ref name="John2012">{{Cite book|title=The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics|date=2012|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781451148015|pages=438–439|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Sg5sXyiBvkC&pg=PA438}}</ref><ref name="NIH2013Def">{{Cite web|title=What is pregnancy loss/miscarriage?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancyloss/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|work=www.nichd.nih.gov/|accessdate=14 March 2015|date=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121055/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancyloss/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archivedate=April 2, 2015}}</ref> Ụfọdụ na-eji mkpụmkpụ nke izu iri abuo nke ime ime, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị a maara ọnwụ nwa e bu n'afọ dị ka ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ.<ref name="NIH2014Def">{{Cite web|title=Stillbirth: Overview|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stillbirth/Pages/default.aspx|work=NICHD|accessdate=4 October 2016|date=23 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005085055/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stillbirth/Pages/default.aspx|archivedate=October 5, 2016}}</ref> Ọnwụ nke nwa e bu n'afọ ma ọ bụ nwa e bu ọhụrụ na njedebe nke afọ ime, n'oge ịmụ nwa, ma ọ bụ ozugbo amuchara ka a na-agụ ya dị ka ọnwụ perinatal. == Ihe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa == == Ihe ndị na-emetụta ịdị irè == === Afọ ime === A na-atụle ya n'ime izu, afọ ime bụ okwu a na-eji akọwa ogologo oge ime na-amalite site n'ụbọchị mbụ nke oge nsọ nwanyị ikpeazụ ruo ụbọchị dị ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gestational age: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002367.htm|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=medlineplus.gov|language=en}}</ref> Nwa a mụrụ "n'oge a na-amụ nwa" dị n'agbata afọ ime nke izu iri ato na asa na izu iri ano na otu. A na-amụ nwa tupuafọ ime eruo izu iri ato na asa. A na-akpọ afọ ime nke na-ewe izu irir ano na otu ruo izu iri ano na otu oge ikpeazụ na afọ ime karịa izu iri ano na abuo a na-akpọ [[Afọ ime|oge ikpeazụ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=When Pregnancy Goes Past Your Due Date|url=https://www.acog.org/en/womens-health/faqs/when-pregnancy-goes-past-your-due-date|accessdate=2022-06-23|work=www.acog.org|language=en}}</ref> Nkwekọrịta zuru oke bụ na nwa e bu n'afọ nwere ike ịdị ndụ na izu iri abụọ na anọ, Otú ọ dị, ịmụ nwa dị ndụ nwere ike ime n'oge ọ dị ime site na enyemaka nke ngalaba nlekọta siri ike nke nwa ọhụrụ (NICU). Afọ ime bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi ma nwa ga-enwe ike ibi ma dịrị ndụ n'èzí ebe akpa nwa. === Ihe ndị ọzọ === Ọ bụ ezie na afọ ime bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na-egosi na nwa ọhụrụ nwere ike ịdị ndụ, ọnọdụ nwa ọhụrụ mgbe a mụrụ ya na-egosikwa n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama etu o si anabata ndụ na-abụghị nne. Ihe ndị a na-atụle mgbe a mụrụ ha gụnyere ịdị arọ, gburugburu isi, na ogologo ahụ. A na-enye akara Apgar n'oge a mụrụ ya iji kọọ ọnọdụ nwa ọhụrụ na mmeghachi omume na mbilite n'ọnwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Apgar Score|url=https://www.acog.org/en/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2015/10/the-apgar-score|accessdate=2022-06-25|work=www.acog.org|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005171736/https://www.acog.org/en/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2015/10/the-apgar-score|archive-date=2022-10-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nlaghachi == Oge mgbake nne na-esote ihe omume nke [[Ọmụmụ nwa|ịmụ nwa]] mmadụ, n'agbanyeghị ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ dị ndụ, a na-akpọ n'ogepostpartum. == Ọnọdụ pụrụ iche == E nwere otu akụkọ banyere nwanyị na-amụ nwa dị ndụ nke sitere na nwa e bu n'afọ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ nke e nwetara tupu ya amalite ọgwụgwọ kansa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Yang|first=Dunsong|date=1 June 2007|title=Live birth after the transfer of human embryos developed from cryopreserved oocytes harvested before cancer treatment|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=87|issue=6|pages=1469.e1–4|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1546|pmid=17418837}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ọnwụ nne * [[Ọmụmụ nwa|Ịmụ Nwa]] == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> {{Infants and their care}} [[Òtù:Translated Article]] io598xn8od9hrk8pz8widm43e85oj1i 0 30524 741804 495943 2026-10-27T21:02:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Abdul Fatawu 24082024 (1).jpg|thumb|Abdul Fatawu]]   '''Abdul Fatawu Issahaku''' (amụrụ na 8 Machị 2004), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Abdul Fatayu''', bụ onye Ghana na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka [[Footbọl|onye]] na-agbachitere EFL Championship club Leicester City, na mgbazinye site na Sporting CP, na ndị otu mba Ghana. Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Britain, The Guardian, akọwaala Fatawu dị ka onye a na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye kachasị nwee atụmanya n'Afrịka n'ọgbọ ya ma kpọọ ya aha na "Ọgbọ Na-esote 2021". == Ọrụ klọb == === Nkwado === N'afọ 2019, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, Fatawu malitere ọrụ ya na klọb Steadfast FC nke dị na Tamale, na mpaghara nke mbụ nke Division One League, nke abụọ nke Ghana. N'oge mbụ ya, o guzobere onwe ya ozugbo dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu kachasị nwee nkà na league, na-agba goolu asatọ ma na-enyere aka ise n'ime egwuregwu 13 tupu a kwụsị league n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hafiz|first=Mohammed|date=26 March 2020|title=Meet 16 years Division One Goal Sniper Issahaku Abdul Fataw Of Steadfast FC And Former U17 Star.|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/meet-16-years-division-one-goal-sniper-issahaku-abdul-fataw-of-steadfast-fc-and-former-u17-star|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327172519/https://ghanasoccernet.com/meet-16-years-division-one-goal-sniper-issahaku-abdul-fataw-of-steadfast-fc-and-former-u17-star|archivedate=27 March 2020}}</ref> N'oge nke abụọ ya, ọ gbara goolu iri na abụọ ma nye aka iri na abụọ n'egwuregwu league iri na anọ ma nweta mmadụ asatọ n'egwú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 August 2021|title=Rauf Salifu, Stephen Diyuo and Ernest Kusi lead nominees for the Division One League Updates-Ghana Player of the Season prize.|url=https://www.facebook.com/DivisionOneLeagueUpdateGH/photos/a.601763560205425/1416821942032912/|accessdate=14 September 2021|work=Division One League Updates-Ghana}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, mgbe Africa U-20 Cup of Nations gasịrị, e jikọtara Fatawu na ọtụtụ ndị otu Europe, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Liverpool, Bayer 04 Lervekusen, na Sporting CP.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Osei|first=Bernard Esar Ebo|date=7 April 2022|title=#Donkomi: Abdul Fatawu Issahaku signs five-year deal with Sporting Club|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2022/04/06/donkomi-abdul-fatawu-issahaku-signs-five-year-deal-with-sporting-club/|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Citi Sports Online|language=}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Dawes|first=Olly|date=7 April 2022|title=Wonderkid Abdul Fatawu Issahku won't be signing for Liverpool after all|url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/04/07/liverpool-sporting-abdul-fatal-issahaku/|accessdate=10 April 2022|work=HITC|language=}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, Fatawu sonyeere Dreams na mgbazinye ego ruo 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 October 2021|title=Ghanaian youngster Abdul Fatawu Issahaku joins Dreams FC on loan- Reports|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghanaian-youngster-abdul-fatawu-issahaku-joins-dreams-fc-on-loan-reports|accessdate=4 January 2022|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, a gụnyere ya na "Ọgbọ Na-esote 2021" nke The Guardian, ha kọwakwara ya dị ka "ihe nwere ike ịbụ atụmanya kachasị mma nke ọgbọ ya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2021/oct/07/next-generation-2021-60-of-the-best-young-talents-in-world-football|title=Next Generation 2021 by The Guardian|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|accessdate=27 March 2022|language=en}}</ref> === Egwuregwu CP === N'ọnwa Eprel 2022, Sporting CP bịanyere aka na ya na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na nkwekọ ntọhapụ nke nde euro 60.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 April 2022|title=Sporting Lisbon sign Ghana teenager Issahaku|language=|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61023569|accessdate=8 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 April 2022|title=Abdul Fatawu Issahaku é Leão|url=https://www.sporting.pt/pt/noticias/futebol/2022-04-06/abdul-fatawu-issahaku-e-leao|accessdate=17 April 2022|work=www.sporting.pt|language=pt-pt}}</ref> Nke a mere ka asịrị na ọ sonyeere Sporting CP na mgbazinye site na Liverpool na asịrị ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":4"/> Tupu ọ bịanye aka na ya n'ụzọ iwu, Fatawu anọwo na klọb ahụ kemgbe Febụwarị ma na-azụ onwe ya n'akụkụ U-23. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ onye na-erubeghị afọ iri n'oge ahụ, na oge ahụ na-aga n'ihu, enweghi ike idebanye aha ya na ndị otu mbụ ruo n'afọ 2022-23, mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere iso ndị otu B na-azụ ruo mgbe ọ ga-enwe ike igwu egwu maka ndị otu ọkachamara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/sporting/detalhe/prodigio-ganes-contratado-pelo-sporting-ja-trabalha-na-academia|title=Prodígio ganês contratado pelo Sporting já trabalha na Academia|language=pt|accessdate=27 March 2022|archivedate=27 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327080415/https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/sporting/detalhe/prodigio-ganes-contratado-pelo-sporting-ja-trabalha-na-academia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/sporting/detalhe/issahaku-atinge-maioridade|title=Issahaku atinge maioridade|accessdate=27 March 2022|language=pt|archivedate=27 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327080413/https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/sporting/detalhe/issahaku-atinge-maioridade}}</ref> Tupu oge 2022-23, a kpọrọ aha Fatawu na ndị otu maka ọzụzụ na njem maka ndị otu mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 May 2022|title='Outstanding talent' Abdul Fatawu Issahaku included in Sporting CP's plans for pre-season|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/outstanding-talent-abdul-fatawu-issahaku-included-in-sporting-cps-plans-for-pre-season|accessdate=14 August 2022|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref> O sonyere na nkwadebe nke otu ahụ tupu mmalite nke oge na-egwu egwuregwu mbụ ya tupu oge ya megide otu Belgium Royale Union.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2022|title=Sporting CP deploy Fatawu Issahaku in an unfamiliar role during pre-season friendly - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sporting-cp-deploy-fatawu-issahaku-in-an-unfamiliar-role-during-pre-season-friendly/|accessdate=14 August 2022|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, a kpọrọ aha ya n'elu oche maka egwuregwu mbụ nke oge ahụ. Na ngwụsị izu na-esote, o mere nke mbụ ya mgbe ọ bịarutere na nkeji nke 80 maka Francisco Trincão na mmeri 3-0 nke Sporting CP meriri Rio Ave.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 August 2022|title=Sporting CP win first home game of 2022/2023|url=https://www.sporting.pt/en/news/football/main-team/2022-08-14/sporting-cp-win-first-home-game-of-2022/2023|accessdate=14 August 2022|work=www.sporting.pt|language=en}}</ref> ==== Ịgbazinye Leicester City ==== On 31 August 2023, Fatawu signed for EFL Championship side Leicester City on a season-long loan from Sporting CP.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Abdul Fatawu Makes Leicester City Switch|url=https://www.lcfc.com/news/3661040/abdul-fatawu-makes-leicester-city-switch|publisher=Leicester City F.C.|date=31 August 2023}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === Ìgwè ndị ntorobịa === N'afọ 2018, Fatawu so n'òtù ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa nke Ghana nke Karim Zito na-achị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Darkwah|first=Frank|date=20 August 2018|title=Black Starlets Coach name squad for WAFU U17 Championship|url=https://ghanasportsonline.com/2018/08/black-starlets-coach-name-squad-for-wafu-u17-championship/|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Ghana Sports Online|language=|archivedate=18 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118104849/https://ghanasportsonline.com/2018/08/black-starlets-coach-name-squad-for-wafu-u17-championship/}}</ref> Ndị otu ahụ ruru na ngwụcha nke 2018 WAFU Zone B U-17 Cup of Nations. Otú ọ dị, ha meriri na ngwụcha na ndị na-asọmpi Naịjirịa site na 3-1 penalty shoot-out mgbe 1-1 draw mgbe oge iwu gasịrị, na Fatawu na-efu penalty ya na shoot-out.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Quao|first=Nathan|date=16 September 2018|title=WAFU Zone B U17: Ghana loses final to Nigeria on penalties|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/09/wafu-zone-b-u17-ghana-loses-final-to-nigeria-on-penalties/|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=CitiNewsroom|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Abayomi|first=Tosin|date=15 September 2018|title=Golden Eaglets beat Ghana 3-1 on penalties in final|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/2019-u-17-afcon-qualifier-golden-eaglets-beat-ghana-3-1-on-penalties-in-final/04yz396|accessdate=10 April 2022|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118121916/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/2019-u-17-afcon-qualifier-golden-eaglets-beat-ghana-3-1-on-penalties-in-final/04yz396|archive-date=18 November 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fatawu nọgidere bụrụ onye otu Ghana U-17 ma jee ozi dị ka onyeisi ndị otu ahụ na 2020, na-egwu n'oge 2021 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations qualifiers, n'oge 2020 WAFU Zone B U-17 Cup nke Nations.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=6 January 2021|title=WAFU U-17 Cup of Nations: Ben names Ghana squad to face Nigeria|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/wafu-u-17-cup-of-nations-ben-names-ghana-squad-to-face-nigeria|accessdate=8 April 2022|work=Ghana Football Association|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Kwafo|first=Eric Nana Yaw|date=6 January 2021|title=Ghana U-17 coach Ben Fokuo names 28-man squad for WAFU Zone B tournament|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1053753/ghana-u-17-coach-ben-fokuo-names28-man-squad.html|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Modern Ghana|language=}}</ref> N'asọmpi ahụ, o nyere penalty na Ghana 1-1 draw megide Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kwafo|first=Eric Nana Yaw|date=9 January 2021|title=WAFU Zone B U-17 tournament: Issahaku scores for Ghana in draw against Nigeria|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1054374/wafu-zone-b-u-17-tournament-issahaku-scores-for.html|accessdate=10 April 2022|work=Modern Ghana|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Tournoi UFOA B U17 : le Ghana et le Nigeria s'accrochent 1-1|url=http://fr.cafonline.com/news-center/news/tournoi-ufoa-b-u17-le-ghana-et-le-nigeria-s-accrochent-1-1|accessdate=8 April 2022|work=CAFOnline|publisher=CAF-Confedération Africaine du Football|language=fr}}</ref> E wepụrụ Ghana na asọmpi ahụ mgbe ha meriri Ivory Coast 3-1 na egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha. Naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ Ghana nke egwuregwu ahụ bụ Fatawu nyere aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Ghana crash out of WAFU Zone B tournament after 3-1 loss to Cote D'Ivoire|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/ghana-crashes-out-of-wafu-u-17-zone-b-tournament-after-excruciating-loss-to-cote-divoire|accessdate=16 April 2022|work=Ghana Football Association|language=}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, n'ihi ọdịdị ya dị egwu, a kwalitere Fatawu n'ime ndị na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị obere karịa ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ otu ya. E mechara họpụta ya ka ọ sonye na 2021 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Football|first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du|title=Abdul Fatawu Issahaku – We're here to bring back the love|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/abdul-fatawu-issahaku-we-re-here-to-bring-back-the-love|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=CAFOnline.com|language=en}}</ref> N'oge asọmpi ahụ, ọ gbara egwuregwu niile nke Black ''Satellites'', gbaa goolu abụọ n'ọkwa otu iji nyere ndị otu ya aka imeri aha nke ugboro anọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=6 March 2021|title=Ghana beat debutants Uganda to clinch Total AFCON U20 title|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/ghana-beat-debutants-uganda-to-clinch-total-afcon-u20-title|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129023209/https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/ghana-beat-debutants-uganda-to-clinch-total-afcon-u20-title|archivedate=29 January 2023|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=CAFOnline.com|publisher=Confedération Africaine du Football (CAF)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 March 2021|title=U-20 AFCON: Abdul Fatawu Issahaku presents trophy to 'father' Haruna Iddrisu|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2021/03/11/u-20-afcon-abdul-fatawu-issahaku-presents-trophy-to-father-haruna-iddrisu/|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=Citi Sports Online|language=en-US}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, a na-ekpe ya ikpe dị ka onye egwuregwu kachasị mma nke asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=U-20 Afcon: Issahaku Abdul Fatawu named Most Valuable Player of the tournament|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1066202/u-20-afcon-issahaku-abdul-fatawu-named-most-valua.html|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|date=7 March 2021|title=Ghana's Fatawu named Total U20 AFCON player of the tournament|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/ghana-s-fatawu-named-total-u20-afcon-player-of-the-tournament|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225015700/https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/ghana-s-fatawu-named-total-u20-afcon-player-of-the-tournament|archivedate=25 February 2023|publisher=Confédération Africaine de Football}}</ref> === Ndị otu ndị okenye === N'ọnwa Machị 2021, mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ na U-20, C.K. Akonnor kpọrọ Fatawu oku mbụ ya na ndị otu okenye, ka ''Black Stars'' mara South Africa na São Tomé na Príncipe aka na egwuregwu abụọ ruru eru maka Africa Cup of Nations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2021|title=Ghana youth star Abdul Fatawu Issahaku opens up on receiving first Black Stars call up|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-youth-star-abdul-fatawu-issahaku-opens-up-on-receiving-first-black-stars-call-up|accessdate=19 March 2021|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya na ndị otu egwuregwu U-20 AFCON, Philomon Baffour na Ibrahim Danlad.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Teye|first=Prince Narkortu|date=16 March 2021|title=Ghana call up 17-year-old U20 Afcon star Issahaku and two others for South Africa qualifier|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/ghana-call-up-17-year-old-u20-afcon-star-issahaku-and-two-others-/rkmxc5dbyqur122wkqrh361md|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Goal}}</ref> Fatawu gbara goolu n'efu megide Uzbekistan mgbe Black Stars 'B Team gbara Uzbekistan na Martin Stadium. Ọ bụ ezie na egwuregwu ahụ kwụsịrị 2-1 maka Uzbekistan, a jara ya mma nke ukwuu maka arụmọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uzbekistan 2-1 Ghana B: Issahaku's super strike not enough for Black Stars|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/uzbekistan-2-1-ghana-b-issahakus-super-strike-not-enough-for/19f5t08sugugy181tg07z5r9hh|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=www.goal.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326194959/https://www.goal.com/en/news/uzbekistan-2-1-ghana-b-issahakus-super-strike-not-enough-for/19f5t08sugugy181tg07z5r9hh|archivedate=26 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Black Stars B suffer 2-1 to defeat to Uzbekistan in friendly|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1070728/black-stars-b-suffer-2-1-to-defeat-to-uzbekistan.html|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Issahaku: Tanko wants Ghana opportunities for Salzburg-linked teenage prodigy|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/issahaku-tanko-wants-ghana-opportunities-for-salzburg-linked/1rp4az28qryfy1ig2yqcs4lr3w|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=www.goal.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407155724/https://www.goal.com/en/news/issahaku-tanko-wants-ghana-opportunities-for-salzburg-linked/1rp4az28qryfy1ig2yqcs4lr3w|archivedate=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana starlets Issahaku and co. warned against complacency|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/ghana-starlets-issahaku-and-co-warned-against-complacency/1u0g6rd61x8y01u8083s7q7tmw|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=www.goal.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323183836/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/ghana-starlets-issahaku-and-co-warned-against-complacency/1u0g6rd61x8y01u8083s7q7tmw|archivedate=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana starlet Abdul Fatawu Issahaku weighing up Qatar, Switzerland and Italy offers|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/ghana-starlet-abdul-fatawu-issahakuweighing-up-qatar-switzerland-/iv3ey2mxcej61nonnrrz5gja8|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=www.goal.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331163801/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/ghana-starlet-abdul-fatawu-issahakuweighing-up-qatar-switzerland-/iv3ey2mxcej61nonnrrz5gja8|archivedate=31 March 2021}}</ref> Na Septemba 2021, Fatawu mere nke mbụ ya maka Black Stars na mmeri 3-1 megide Zimbabwe na 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifier.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 October 2021|title=Teenager Fatawu Issahaku impresses on Black Stars debut|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/teenager-fatawu-issahaku-impresses-on-black-stars-debut|accessdate=10 October 2021|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=9 October 2021|title=Abdul Fatawu Issahaku starts against Zimbabwe|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/abdul-fatawu-issahaku-starts-against-zimbabwe|accessdate=10 October 2021|work=www.ghanafa.org|publisher=Ghana Football Association|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010043707/https://www.ghanafa.org/abdul-fatawu-issahaku-starts-against-zimbabwe|archivedate=10 October 2021}}</ref> Fatawu mere ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na asatọ maka 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 January 2022|title=Milovan Rajevac names squad for Total Energies 2021 AFCON|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/coach-milovan-rajevac-names-squad-for-total-energies-2021-afcon|accessdate=9 April 2022|publisher=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu kachasị nta na ndị otu Ghana na onye nke anọ kachasị nta na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 January 2022|title=The six youngest players at the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|url=https://www.michezoafrika.com/news/the-six-youngest-players-at-the-2021-africa-cup-of-nations-/27482|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Michezo Afrika|language=en}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2021, Fatawu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka ndị otu Ghana na Nicaragua.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 September 2022|title=Fatawu Issahaku scores debut goal as Black Stars record narrow win over Nicaragua - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/fatawu-issahaku-scores-debut-goal-as-black-stars-record-narrow-win-over-nicaragua/|accessdate=2 November 2022|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|20 September 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer//abdul-fatawu-issahaku/455626// | title = Abdul Fatawu Issahaku | publisher = Global Sports Archive }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]]}} ! colspan="2" |League Cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Steadfast |2019–20 |Division One League |13 |8 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |8 |- |2020–21 |Division One League |14 |12 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |12 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !27 !20 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !27 !20 |- |Dreams (loan) |2021–22 |Ghana Premier League |7 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |6 |- |Sporting CP B |2022–23 |Liga 3 |13 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |2 |- |Sporting CP |2022–23 |Primeira Liga |6 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |3{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], one appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |12 |0 |- |Leicester City (loan) |2023–24 |EFL Championship |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !56 !28 !1 !0 !2 !0 !3 !0 !0 !0 !62 !28 |} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Mba Nile === {{updated|match played 2 December 2022}} <ref name="NFT">{{NFT|84296|access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |Ghana |2021 |2 |0 |- |2022 |12 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !14 !1 |} : Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Ghana nke mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Issahaku ọ bụla gasịrị. {| class="wikitable" |+List of international goals scored by Abdul Fatawu Issahaku !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |1. |27 September 2022 |Estadio Francisco Artés Carrasco, Lorca, [[Spain]] |{{fb|NCA}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Friendly |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Ghana U17''' * Onye nke abụọ nke WAFU U-17 Cup of Nations: 2018<ref name=":3"/> '''Ghana U20''' * Africa U-20 Cup of Nations: 2021<ref name=":1"/> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Africa U-20 Cup of Nations Onye egwuregwu kacha mma: 2021<ref name=":03"/> * Africa U-20 Cup of Nations Best XI: 2021<ref name=":03" /> * Odartey Lamptey Future Star Award: 2021<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Football Awards: Full list of winners - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-football-awards-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=17 July 2021|work=My Joy Online}}</ref> * SWAG Nchọpụta nke Afọ: 2021<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 December 2021|title=SWAG Awards: Dreams FC star Abdul Fatawu Issahaku wins Discovery of Year Award|url=http://ghanasoccernet.com/swag-awards-dreams-fc-star-abdul-fatawu-issahaku-wins-discovery-of-year-award|accessdate=19 January 2023|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=}}</ref> * Ghana Premier League Player of the Month: Nọvemba 2021<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=20 December 2021|title=Issahaku Abdul Fataw wins NASCO Player of the Month - November|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/issahaku-abdul-fataw-wins-nasco-player-of-the-month-november|accessdate=3 February 2022|work=Ghana Football Association|language=}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Abdul Fatawu at Global Sports Archive * Abdul Fatawu at Soccerway {{Leicester City F.C. squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Ghana squads|bg=#CA1118|fg=#FBE816|bordercolor=black|list1={{Ghana squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Ghana squad 2022 FIFA World Cup}}}}{{Africa U-20 Cup of Nations awards}}    [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Issahaku, Abdul Fatawu}} 8rovgszc3cd308qd1xv5j3xo57l9nfd 0 32497 741797 719480 2026-10-27T18:33:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741797 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agụ Ihe ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Onye isi oche</div> | class="infobox-data" |Sue Wilkinson |} Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ bụ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha na England na Wales nke na-akwalite uru nke ịgụ akwụkwọ n'etiti ụmụaka na ndị okenye na UK, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmekọ gụnyere ọbá akwụkwọ ọha, kọleji na ụlọ mkpọrọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.charitycommission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/CharityWithPartB.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=1085443&SubsidiaryNumber=0|title=1085443 - READ - THE READING AGENCY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://readingagency.org.uk/about/partners/|title=Our partners &#124; Reading Agency}}</ref> == Ọrụ == {{As of|2014}}, Sue Wilkinson jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Society of Authors na [[Holborn|Holborn, London]] ma kọwaa ọrụ ya dị ka "igbochi nnukwu ihe ịma aka nke ndụ site na ike a nwapụtara nke ịgụ akwụkwọ" dị ka nkà ndụ na mmụta, ahụike na ọdịmma na ikewapụ onwe ya na owu ọmụma.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Mark|date=November 25, 2014|title=Russell Brand pledges funding to set up library at his former school|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/nov/25/russell-brand-library-former-school|accessdate=September 13, 2022}}</ref> Ihe omume ya bụ isi maka ụmụaka bụ Summer Reading Challenge, nke malitere na 1999. A na-eji ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze eme ihe ịma aka ọgụgụ oge okpomọkụ ma na-agba ụmụaka ume ịgụ akwụkwọ isii n'oge ezumike oge okpompe ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-ejikwa ìgwè ụmụaka na-agụ Chatterbooks n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ọbá akwụkwọ gafee UK. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ọtụtụ mmemme maka ndị okenye. Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị edemede na ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ a ma ama iji mepụta akwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi a na-akpọ Quick Reads nke a na-ere n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ọgwụ, kọleji na òtù mmụta ndị okenye. A na-etinye Quick Reads na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ndị okenye nke nzukọ ahụ, Reading Ahead, nke na-agba ọsọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze, ụlọ mkpọrọ, òtù mmụta ndị okenye, kọleji, òtù ọrụ na ebe ọrụ gafee UK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://readingagency.org.uk/adults/quick-guides/reading-ahead/|title=Reading Ahead &#124; Reading Agency|accessdate=2023-10-27|archivedate=2023-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027233727/https://readingagency.org.uk/adults/quick-guides/reading-ahead/}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-agba World Book Night, emume agụmakwụkwọ mba na-eme kwa afọ na 23 Eprel. N'afọ 2018, pasent 97 nke òtù ndị sonyere kwuru na ahụmịhe ha nke isonye na World Book Night dị ka nke magburu onwe ya ma ọ bụ nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Book Night 2018 Evaluation|url=https://worldbooknight.org/impact/wbn-2018-evaluation|work=www.worldbooknight.org}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze. A na-enye ya Reading Well Books on Prescription scheme na mmekorita ya na Libraries Connected ma dị na ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze gafee England na Wales. N'afọ 2018, Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agụ Ihe malitere Reading Friends, mmemme nke Big Lottery Fund kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Reading Friends launches at BFI|url=https://readingagency.org.uk/adults/news/authors-librarians-and-charities-celebrate-reading-friends-launch.html|accessdate=30 November 2018|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130155118/https://readingagency.org.uk/adults/news/authors-librarians-and-charities-celebrate-reading-friends-launch.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ ịlụso owu ọmụma na iche iche ọgụ site na ịmalite mkparịta ụka site na ịgụ ihe. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị mmekọ gafee UK iji mepụta ma nwalee ụzọ ndị a ga-esi gbasaa n'ọtụtụ ebe.<ref>https://readingfriends.org.uk/</ref> Na mgbakwunye, Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agụ Ihe na-akwado ihe karịrị ìgwè ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ 4,000 na-enye ha ndụmọdụ na nkwado ma na-etinye ha na ihe nrite akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://readinggroups.org/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027233727/https://readinggroups.org/ |archive-date=2023-10-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị *    03abfvj0wnefr0zq6sfe7e64gdpgiyc 0 34746 741790 144846 2026-10-27T14:56:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg|thumb| Echiche nke ndị na-ese ihe ihe atụ cosmological Big Bang, nke a na-anabata n'ime ihe niile na cosmology anụ ahụ (ọ bụghị oge ma ọ bụ nha ka ọ dị elu)]]  <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> Kọsmology anụ ahụ bụ ngalaba nke cosmology askar nke ụdị mbara igwe.  Nlereanya gbasara mbara igwe, ma ọ bụ naanị cosmology, na-enye prefio ihe owuwu owuwu ibu na ike dị n'ife na ala ma na-enye nhọrọ ihe ndị bụ isi gbasara ya, nhazi ya, evolushọn na akara ikpeazụ ya .  [1] Cosmology dị ka nrọ sitere na iwu Copernican, nke na-egosi na ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe na-erube isi n'iwu anụ ahụ nke ndị n'ụwa, na Newtonian mechanics, nke mbụ kwere ka a iwu iwu.  anụ ahụ. Nkà anụ ahụ, dị ka a na- ike ugbu a, ihe na mgbaàmà na 1915 nke Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, sochiri isi ihe mgbaàmà na 1920: nke mbụ, Edwin Hubble ngwa na ike nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị.  ukwuu nke nsogbu ndị dị n'akwụkwọ .  Ụzọ Milky;  mgbe ahụ, ọrụ Vesto Slipher na ndị ọzọ mere Wariye na ejide na ala na-agbasawanye.  Ọganihu ndị a mere ka o kwe omume amụma amụma nke lug na ala, ma kwe ka e guzobe Big Bang theory, site n'aka Georges Lemaître, dị ka onye na-eduzi ihe ọmụmụ nke mbara igwe.  Ndị na-eme mgbochi ole na ole ka na-akwado ndị dị nta nke nta mbara igwe ọzọ;  [1] Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị ẹrọ gbanye igwe ọkụ na Big Bang theory kacha mma na-ihe ihe ndị a tara. . <ref name="PDG">{{Cite journal|url=http://pdg.ge.infn.it/2011/reviews/rpp2011-rev-cosmological-parameters.pdf|title=2013 Review of Particle Physics|author=Beringer, J.|journal=Phys. Rev. D|date=2012|volume=86|issue=1|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.86.010001|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://pdg.ge.infn.it/2011/reviews/rpp2011-rev-cosmological-parameters.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09|access-date=2023-12-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ọganihu dị egwu na mbara igwe nleba anya anya 1990s, ndabere microwave nke mbara igwe, nchaka supernovae dị anya na galaxy redshift, ebutela n'ichepụta pụtara nke mbara igwe .  Ihe a Kano ka ese na ụwa nwee nnukwu ihe ike gbara na ike gbara nke a na- ለማንኛውም nhọrọ ya ugbu a, mana ihe ihe ahụ na-enye ohere zuru ezu nke dị na iche onwe ya na ọtụtụ dị iche iche .Nkà mkpa mbara igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ toro n'usoro usoro tiori na nleba anya.  Na 1916, Albert Einstein agbasa ya tiori nke izugbe relativity, nke nyere nyere n'otu nke ike ndò dị ka geometric mmetụta nke ọma na oge.  [1] N'oge ahụ, Einstein kweere na a na-egbu na ala, ma nwa na ya mbụ onye nhazi nke nwata ya.  [2] Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị kesara na mbara igwe na-achọ , na-aga n'ihu na ibe ha ka oge na-aga.  [3] ndekọ, ọ akụkọ na nha nha ya nyere ikike iwebata okwu na-adịgide nke nwere ike ike ike ndòda na-echeta na ọnụ ọgụgụ mbara igwe.  Einsteinbụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya na cosmology relativistic na 1917, bụ nke ọ gbakwụnyere oge niile nke mbara igwe na nha anya ubi ya iji manye ha ka ha madụe mbara igwe kwụ ọtọ.  [4] Ụdị Einstein na-mrị mbara igwe kwụpụta;  oghere dị oke na akụkụ oke (ntụtụgharị na elu nke oghere, nke nwere oke njedebe ma ọ nweghị ihe).  Otú ọ dị, ihe a na-akpọ ihe egwu Einstein bụ ihe na-egosi akwụkwọsi ike na obere obere anya-ọ ga-emecha ịgba ịgbasa ma ọ bụ egbochi.  [2] E mechaa na ihe emee Einstein bụ naanị otu n'ime nhọrọ dị ukwuu nke ukwuu, nke niile dabara na ndị izugbe yana ebu ụwa .  Alexander Friedmann imera ihe akwụkwọ nke mbara igwe nke ọha na eze na oge 1920s.  [5] Nha nhata ya na-eso na ụwa Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker, nke nwera ike ma ọ bụ abụ, yana geometry ya nwere ike imeghe, dị ike, ma ọ bụ mechie. N'afọ ndị 1910, Vesto Slipher (na mgbe e ịhụ Carl Wilhelm Wirtz ) akara na-acha uhie uhie nke nebulae spiral dị ka ihe Doppler nke ọnwụ na ha na-esi n'ụwa azụ azụ.  [1] [2] egwu, ọ na-siri ike ike ebe dị anya na ihe ndị na-egosi mbara igwe.  Otu ụzọ bụ iji nha anụ ahụ nke ihe atụnyere nha nkuku, mana nha anụ ahụ ga-ike ike ime nke a.  Ụzọ ọzọ bụ ike nchapụta nke ihe wee were ìhè dị n'ime ya, nke ike ike ike ebe dị anya site na iji iwu inverse-square .  N'ihi ihe isi ike nke iji ụzọ ndị a eme ihe, ha ghoghị na nebulae bụ n'ezie akwụkwọ ndị n'akwụkwọ Milky Way nke anyị, ha echeghị echiche ihe gbasara mbara igwe.  Na 1927, onye mgbasa Roman nke Belgian Georges Lemaître weputara nha nke Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker wee tụpụta ya, dabere na nlaazu nke nebulae spiral, na ndụ [3] ụwa ụwa site na "mgbawa" nke " mgbawa mbụ" [  4] —bụ́ nke e gosiri Big Bang.  Na 1929, Edwin Hubble nyere ntọala nleba anya maka echiche Lemaître.  Hubble mberede na nebulae gburugburu bụ mbụrụ site n'ịchọpụta ebe anya site na iji nha nke nchapụta nke agbanwe agbanwe Cepheid .  Ọrọ dị n'etiti redshift nke ọrịa na anya ya.  Ọ na-agụ nke a dị ka ihe àmà na-egosi na ike na-esi n'ụwa na-alọghachi n'ụdị ọ ALA n'ọsọ dị n'ebe dị anya.  [5] A mara eziokwu a ugbu a dị ka iwu Hubble, ọ bụ nọmba ọnụọgụgụ Hubble egwu ọsọ nlaazu na anya site na isi iri, n'ihi na ihe maka ụdị ọgwụgwọ Cepheid. spctwvteh5ss0doip12zlbv93u6honn 0 44661 741791 697501 2026-10-27T15:11:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|image=File:Ultrasound of Asherman's syndrome.jpg|caption=Ọrịa Asherman}}Asherman syndrome bu onodu acquired uterine na puta ihe mgbe scar tissue putara n'ime uterus na/maobu cervix.<ref name="pmid28846336">{{Cite book|chapter=Asherman Syndrome|title=StatPearls|year=2018|chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448088/|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing}}</ref> A na-akọwa ya site na akara dịgasị iche iche n'ime oghere akpa nwa, ebe n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ mgbidi ihu na azụ nke akpa nwa na-arapara n'otu. AS nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-akpata nsogbu ịhụ nsọ, enweghị ike ịmụ nwa, na nsogbu placental. Ọ bụ ezie na Heinrich Fritsch bipụtara ikpe mbụ nke intrauterine adhesion na 1894, ọ bụ naanị mgbe afọ 54 gasịrị ka Joseph Asherman mere nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọrịa Asherman. <ref name="pmid24373209">{{Cite journal|title=The management of Asherman syndrome: a review of literature|journal=Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology|volume=11|pages=118|date=December 2013|pmid=24373209|doi=10.1186/1477-7827-11-118}}</ref> E jirila ọtụtụ okwu ndị ọzọ kọwaa ọnọdụ ahụ na ọnọdụ ndị metụtara ya gụnyere: atresia uterine / cervical, traumatic uterine atrophy, sclerotic endometrium, na '''endometrial sclerosis'''.<ref name="Palter">{{Cite journal|title=High Rates of Endometriosis in Patients With Intrauterine Synechiae (Asherman's Syndrome)|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=86|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S471|year=2005|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1239}}</ref> Enweghị otu ihe kpatara AS. Ihe ndị dị ize ndụ nwere ike ịgụnye myomectomy, ngalaba cesarean, ọrịa, afọ, ụkwara nta, na oke ibu. A na-enyocha predisposition nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka AS. E nwekwara nnyocha ndị na-egosi na ọrịa pelvic siri ike, nke na-enweghị ịwa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata AS. AS nwere ike ịmalite ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na nwanyị ahụ enwetabeghị ịwa ahụ ọ bụla, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ime ime. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị obere na North America na mba Europe, ụkwara nta akụkụ ahụ bụ ihe na-akpata Asherman na mba ndị ọzọ dị ka [[Ndia|India]].<ref name="pmid17653564">{{Cite journal|title=Genital tuberculosis: an important cause of Asherman's syndrome in India|journal=Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics|volume=277|issue=1|pages=37–41|date=January 2008|pmid=17653564|doi=10.1007/s00404-007-0419-0}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Heinrich Fritsch bu uzo kpowa onodu a n'afo 1894 , Joseph Asherman onye gynecologist ndi [[Israel]] chotara njirimara ya na afo 1948. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ein Fall von volligem Schwaund der Gebormutterhohle nach Auskratzung|language=German|journal=Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie|year=1894|volume=18|pages=1337–42}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishfibroidtrust.org.uk/adhesions.php|title=Adhesions & Asherman's Syndrome|work=BritishFibroidTrust|access-date=2024-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110204214/http://www.britishfibroidtrust.org.uk/adhesions.php|archive-date=2021-11-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> .<ref name="pmid14804168">{{Cite journal|title=Traumatic intra-uterine adhesions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bjog_1950-12_57_6/page/892|journal=The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire|volume=57|issue=6|pages=892–896|date=December 1950|pmid=14804168|doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.1950.tb06053.x}}</ref> Ana akpokwa ya Fritsch syndrome maobu Fritsch-Acherman syndrome. == Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà == A na-ejikarị mbelata nke ọbara ọgbụgba na oge ọbara ọgbụrụgba mara ya (enweghị ọbara ọgburu n'oge ịhụ nsọ, obere ọbara ọgbọrọgba n'oge nsọ, ma ọ bụ ọbara ọgbaru ọbara ugboro ugboro) <ref name="pmid4725610">{{Cite journal|title=Asherman's syndrome: a critique and current review|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=24|issue=9|pages=722–735|date=September 1973|pmid=4725610|doi=10.1016/S0015-0282(16)39918-6}}</ref> na enweghị ike ịmụ nwa. Nsogbu ịhụ nsọ na-ejikarị ma ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-emetụta ịdị njọ: ihe na-arapara n'ahụ naanị n'akpa nwa ma ọ bụ n'okpuru akpa nwa nwere ike igbochi ịhụ nsọ. A na-enwe ihe mgbu n'oge ịhụ nsọ na ovulation mgbe ụfọdụ ma enwere ike ịkọwa ya na mgbochi.A kọọrọ na 88% nke ọrịa AS na-eme mgbe emechara D&amp;amp;C na akpa nwa dị <akpa nwa"mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="79" href="./Pregnant" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pregnant">ime n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na-esote ime ọpụpụ furu efu ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu, [[ọmụmụ]], ma ọ bụ n'oge nkwụsịtụ a họọrọ (mkụ afọ ime) iji wepụ ngwaahịa ndị e jidere. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == Oghere nke akpa nwa dị n'akụkụ endometrium. Ihe mkpuchi a nwere okpukpu abụọ, nke na-arụ ọrụọrụ dị n'akụkụ oghere akpa nwa) nke a na-awụfu n'oge ịhụ nsọ na nke dị n'okpuru (nke dị nso na myometrium), nke dị mkpa maka imezigharị nke na-eme ihe. Mmetụta na basal layer, nke a na-emekarị mgbe dilation na curettage (D&C) mere mgbe ime ọpụpụ, ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa, ma ọ dị ime, nwere ike iduga na mmepe nke akara intrauterine nke na-akpata nkwonkwo nke nwere ike ikpochapụ oghere ahụ na ogo dịgasị iche iche. N'ụzọ gabigara ókè, oghere ahụ dum nwere ike inwe akara ma kpuchie ya. Ọbụna na ọ nwere akara ole na ole, endometrium nwere ike ghara imeghachi omume na Estrogen.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ọrịa Asherman na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị agbụrụ na afọ niile n'otu ụzọ ahụ, na-atụ aro na ọ nweghị ihe na-emetụ n'ahụ maka mmepe ya.<ref name="pmid6281085">{{Cite journal|title=Intrauterine adhesions: an updated appraisal|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=37|issue=5|pages=593–610|date=May 1982|pmid=6281085|doi=10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46268-0}}</ref> AS nwere ike ịpụta site na ịwa ahụ pelvic ndị ọzọ gụnyere akụkụ cesarean, [1] <ref name="Rochet_1979">{{Cite journal|title=[The obstetrical future of women who have been operated on for uterine synechiae. 107 cases operated on (author's transl)]|language=fr|journal=Journal de Gynécologie, Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction|volume=8|issue=8|pages=723–726|year=1979|pmid=553931}}</ref> iwepụ akpụ fibroid (myomectomy) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Role of endometrial suppression on the frequency of intrauterine adhesions after resectoscopic surgery|journal=The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists|volume=7|issue=3|pages=351–354|date=August 2000|pmid=10924629|doi=10.1016/S1074-3804(05)60478-1}}</ref> na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka IUDs, radiation pelvic, [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]] <ref name="pmid7724154">{{Cite journal|title=Asherman syndrome caused by schistosomiasis|journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=85|issue=5 Pt 2|pages=898–899|date=May 1995|pmid=7724154|doi=10.1016/0029-7844(94)00371-J}}</ref> na ụkwara nta genital.<ref name="pmid13283012">{{Cite journal|title=Traumatic uterine synechiae: a common cause of menstrual insufficiency, sterility, and abortion|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-obstetrics-and-gynecology_1956-02_71_2/page/368|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=71|issue=2|pages=368–375|date=February 1956|pmid=13283012|doi=10.1016/S0002-9378(16)37600-1}}</ref> Endometritis na-adịghị ala ala site na ụkwara nta akụkụ ahụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-akpata nkwonkwo intrauterine siri ike (IUA) na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, na-akpatakarị mkpochapụ zuru oke nke oghere akpa nwa nke siri ike ịgwọ.<ref name="pmid10438408">{{Cite journal|title=Total corporal synechiae due to tuberculosis carry a very poor prognosis following hysteroscopic synechialysis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-reproduction_human-reproduction_1999-08_14_8/page/1960|journal=Human Reproduction|volume=14|issue=8|pages=1960–1961|date=August 1999|pmid=10438408|doi=10.1093/humrep/14.8.1960}}</ref> Enwere ike ịwa ahụ site na endometrial ablation n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-agba ọbara n'akpa nwa, kama ịwa ahụ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> hiyb7zqyi3qgulxseoxl2wzvmsa18xb 0 46021 741796 719462 2026-10-27T17:29:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ụlọ alakụba Quba''' ( Arabic ) bụ ụlọ alakụba dị na Medina, na mpaghara Hejaz nke [[Saudi Arabia]], nke e wuru n'oge ndụ onye amụma Alakụba [[Muhammad]] na narị afọ nke asaa OA <ref name="Michigan C 1986">{{Cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|editor=Goss, V. P.|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|isbn=0-918720-58-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|year=1986}}</ref> <ref name="Abu Sway 2011">{{Cite news|author=Mustafa Abu Sway|title=The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source|publisher=[[Central Conference of American Rabbis]]|url=http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/Abusway_0.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-28|access-date=2024-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728001911/http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/Abusway_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Dyrness2013">{{Cite book|author=Dyrness, W. A.|title=Senses of Devotion: Interfaith Aesthetics in Buddhist and Muslim Communities|publisher=[[Wipf and Stock]] Publishers|isbn=978-1-62032-136-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inJNAwAAQBAJ|date=2013-05-29}}</ref> A na-eche na ọ bụ ụlọ alakụba mbụ n'ụwa., nke e wuru n'ụbọchị mbụ nke njem Muhammad na Medina. <ref name="MaccaAryanti_11-2016">{{Cite journal|first=A. A.|author=Macca|title=The Domes: El Wakil's Traditionalist Architecture of Quba Mosque|journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering|date=16–18 November 2016|volume=180|doi=10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012092}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alahmadi, M.|date=2021|title=Using daily nighttime lights to monitor spatiotemporal patterns of human lifestyle under covid-19: The case of Saudi Arabia.|journal=Remote Sensing|volume=13|issue=22|doi=10.3390/rs13224633}}</ref> E kwuru na ọ bụ onye amụma tọrọ nkume mbụ ya, ndị enyi ya rụzikwara ihe owuwu ya. <ref name="HajiInformation">{{Cite web|publisher=The [[Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs|Ministry of Hajj]], Kingdom of [[Saudi Arabia]]|work=Masjid Quba'|url=http://www.hajinformation.com/main/h2022.htm|title=Masjid Quba is the first mosque in Islam's history|accessdate=2010-10-19|archivedate=2017-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822095754/http://www.hajinformation.com/main/h2022.htm}}</ref> Dị ka ederede islam akụkọ ihe mere eme, Muhammad kwagara n'akụkụ Abu Bakr wee nọrọ ụbọchị iri na anọ n'ụlọ alakụba a na-ekpe ekpere ''qaṣr'' ( Arabic </link> , ekpere dị mkpirikpi) mgbe ọ na-eche Ali ka ọ bịarute Medina, mgbe ọ nọrọ n'azụ na Mecca iji chebe ndụ Muhammad na ịgbapụ, site n'ịrahụ ụra n'àkwà Muhammad n'ọnọdụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali in the Quran|url=http://balaghah.net/old/nahj-htm/eng/id/imam-ali/9107/007.htm|accessdate=2021-03-02|work=Balaghah.net|language=en}}</ref> Ime ''Wuḍūʾ'' ('Ablution') n'ụlọ mmadụ, wee na-ekpe ekpere ''Raka'āt'' abụọ nke ''NaFL'' (Nhọrọ) n'ụlọ alakụba Quba, a na-ewere ya na ịme otu ''Umrah'' hà nhata. Muhammad na-aga ebe ahụ, na-agba ịnyịnya ma ọ bụ ụkwụ, kwa Satọdee ọ bụla wee kpee ekpere ''raka'at'' abụọ. Ọ dụrụ ndị ọzọ ọdụ ka ha mee otu ihe ahụ, na-ekwu, sị, "Onye na-eme ihe n'ụlọ ma gaa kpee ekpere na ụlọ alakụba Quba, ọ ga-enweta ụgwọ ọrụ dịka nke Umrah." <ref>{{Cite news|title=Quba — the first mosque in the history of Islam|url=https://www.arabnews.com/news/600996|accessdate=14 August 2021|work=Arab News|date=12 July 2014|language=en}}</ref> [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]], Al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah na Hakim al-Nishaburi kọrọ ''akụkọ'' a .<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">mbụ</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> e wuru ụlọ alakụba ahụ 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) site na Medina n'ime ime obodo Quba, tupu Medina gbasaa n'ime obodo a. <ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=Islam: a worldwide encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/islamworldwideen0002unse|author=Çakmak, Cenap|isbn=978-1-61069-217-5|location=[[Santa Barbara, California]], the US|oclc=962409918|date=2017-05-18}}</ref> == Nrụpụta ihe owuwu == Mgbe onye mmeri Driehaus na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọhụrụ Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil nyere ọrụ na 1986, ka ọ chepụta ụlọ alakụba buru ibu, o bu n'obi itinye ihe owuwu ochie na nhazi ya. Mana a kwaturu ụlọ alakụba ochie ma were nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=731|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108234435/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=731|title=Description of the new mosque and architectural documents at archnet.org|archivedate=January 8, 2009}}</ref> Ụlọ alakụba ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ọnụ ụlọ ekpere nwere akụkụ anọ ewelitere n'elu ikpo okwu nke abụọ. Ụlọ ekpere ahụ jikọtara na ụyọkọ nwere ebe obibi, ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ụlọ ahịa na ọbá akwụkwọ.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ihe owuwu ọhụrụ nke ụlọ alakụba Quba na nso nso a nke mere na 1984 gụnyere ọtụtụ mgbakwunye ọhụrụ, dị ka ọnụ ụzọ mbata 7, minarets 4 yiri ya, na obere ụlọ 56 gbara okirikiri ụlọ alakụba ahụ n'elu elu. <ref name=":02"/> Ogige ụlọ alakụba a bụ oji, ọbara ọbara na mabul ọcha, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.3dmekanlar.com/en/masjid-al-quba.html|title=Masjid al-Quba – 3D Virtual Tour|work=www.3dmekanlar.com|accessdate=2019-12-09}}</ref> na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe owuwu na ime ụlọ dị ka minbar na mihrab bụcha mabul ọcha. Na mbụ, e nwere otu minaret, ọhụrụ nrụzigharị gụnyere mgbakwunye na nke ọzọ minarets atọ, ha na-ezu ike na square bases, nwere octagonal aro nke na-ewere a okirikiri udi ka ha na-eru n'elu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === Ụlọ ekpere === A na-ahazi ụlọ ekpere ahụ n'okirikiri etiti, nke nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ isii na-ezu ike na kọlụm gbakọtara. Otu ọnụ ụzọ mbata, nke bụ ọnụ mmiri abụọ n'ime omimi, gbara ogige ahụ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ, ebe ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke nwere otu baịd dị n'akụkụ ya na ugwu, wee kewapụ ya na mpaghara ekpere ụmụ nwanyị. A na-ekewa ebe ekpere ụmụ nwanyị, nke ihe mkpuchi gbara ya gburugburu, ụzọ abụọ dịka ụzọ okporo ụzọ jikọtara ọnụ ụzọ ugwu na ogige. Mgbe e wughachiri ụlọ alakụba Quba na 1986, a na-edobe ihe owuwu Medina - domes ọcha, na basalt chere ihu na mpụta dị mma - àgwà ndị <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">-</span>]]'' &#x5B;</sup> ịdị mfe Madina. Ogige ahụ, ejiri mabul ojii, ọbara ọbara na ọcha mara ọkọlọtọ. A na-ekpuchi ya n'elu kwa ụbọchị site na ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ndò. Ọrụ lattice nke Arabesque na-enyocha ìhè nke nkwụ n'èzí. Akụkụ nke ụlọ ọhụrụ ahụ gụnyere ọrụ nke onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Egypt Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Pakistan Hassan Khan [[Sayyid]] na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Stuttgart Mahmoud Bodo Rasch, nwa akwụkwọ Frei Otto . === Ala ala === * Masjid Dirar (nke gara aga) === Ọnọdụ dị ka ụlọ alakụba mbụ na akụkọ Islam === Dabere na ma ụlọ alakụba nke ndị enyi na obodo Massawa nke Eritrea <ref name="Reid2012Massawa">{{Cite book|author=Reid|first=Richard J.|title=A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present|publisher=[[John Wiley and Sons]]|chapter=The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa|isbn=978-0-470-65898-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=US6RQtYwasUC|date=12 January 2012|accessdate=15 March 2015}}</ref> ọ tọrọ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ alakụba mbụ n'ụwa, mana dịka akụkọ akụkọ si kwuo, ebe nsọ nke Kaaba dị na Mecca bụ oge Ibrahim. ( [[Abram|Abraham]] ) na Isma'il ( Ishmael ). <ref name="Lings1983">{{Cite book|author=Lings|first=Martin|authorlink=Martin Lings|title=Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources|publisher=Islamic Texts Society|year=1983|isbn=978-0-946621-33-0}}</ref>   === Na Quran === Ekwenyere na ọ bụ ụlọ alakụba nke Quran kwuru ka e hiwere ya na nsọpụrụ na nsọpụrụ ( ''Masjid al-Taqwa'' )   == Osisi == <gallery mode="packed"> Usòrò:Origquba.jpg|alt=The original mosque|ụgbọ alakụba mbụ Usòrò:Oldquba.jpg Usòrò:OldQuba.jpg Usòrò:Qubapilgrims.jpg Usòrò:Quba_Mosque_2013_02.jpg|link=|alt=Modern Day Quba Mosque in 2013|Ndị agha alakụba Quba nke oge a na 2013 </gallery> == Hụkwa == * Saịtị kacha dị ọcha na Islam * Islam ije ** Ndepụta nke ụlọ alakụba *** Ndepụta alakụba na Saudi Arabia * nka Islam * Quba na Azerbaijan * Usoro iheomume nke akụkọ ihe mere eme Muslim == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} * ''Muhammad: Onye ozi Islam'' nke Hajjah Amina Adil (p.&nbsp;286) * ''Akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọdịnala nke Naqshbandi Sufi nke omume na omume kwa ụbọchị'' nke Hisham Kabbani (p.&nbsp;301) * ''Happold: Ntụkwasị obi'' nke Derek Walker na Bill Addis wulite (p.&nbsp;81) == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606212137/http://abdurrahman.org/umrah/virtues-masjid-quba.html Omume ọma nke Masjid Quba, Madina] - E sitere na Tafsir Ibn Kathir na Hadith Saheeh ndị ọzọ. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5ck58kpelzct7c98uqcnejq2xmgf8r9 0 50449 741794 181515 2026-10-27T16:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741794 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:8 mm Kodak safety film reel 01.jpg|thumb|World Day for Audiovisual Heritage]] '''Ụbọchị ụwa maka ihe nketa ihe onyonyo''' na-eme kwa 27 Ọktoba. Ụbọchị ncheta a bụ UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) họpụtara na 2005 iji mee ka mmata banyere uru na ichekwa ihe egwu dị n'akwụkwọ ụda na ihe onyonyo (ihe nkiri, ụda na vidiyo, mmemme redio na telivishọn). <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Official Proclamation of 27 October as World Day for Audiovisual Heritage|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001469/146936e.pdf|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day for Audiovisual Heritage|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/audiovisualday/|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref> A na-eme ihe omume n'ọtụtụ mba, nke obodo na mpaghara mpaghara na ndekọ ihe nkiri, ndị mgbasa ozi, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ndị isi audiovisual mkpakọrịta gụnyere Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA), <ref>{{Cite web|title=October 27 is World Day for Audiovisual Heritage|url=http://www.amianet.org/programs-and-initiatives/world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage|publisher=AMIA|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref> International Council on Archives (ICA), <ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Day for Audiovisual Heritage in 2013|url=http://www.ica.org/15058/world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage/the-world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage-in-2013.html|publisher=International Council on Archives|accessdate=13 April 2014|archivedate=25 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125085743/https://www.ica.org/15058/world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage/the-world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage-in-2013.html}}</ref> International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Audiovisual heritage memory? the clock is ticking|url=http://www.iasa-web.org/world-day-audiovisual-heritage-2012|publisher=International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives|accessdate=13 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208192240/https://www.iasa-web.org/world-day-audiovisual-heritage-2012|archive-date=8 December 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> na International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF)). <ref>{{Cite web|title=27th October: UNESCO World Day for Audiovisual Heritage|url=http://www.fiafnet.org/uk/news/27octoberdefault.html|publisher=International Federation of Film Archives|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref> UNESCO depụtara ebumnuche ndị bụ isi nke ịkọwapụta ụbọchị nke Ọktọba 27: * ime ka ọha mmadụ mara mkpa ọ dị ichekwa; * na-enye ohere iji mee ememe kpọmkwem mpaghara, mba ma ọ bụ mba ụwa nke ihe nketa; * na-akọwapụta ohere nke ebe nchekwa; * na-adọta uche mgbasa ozi na ihe nketa; * na-ebuli ọkwa omenala nke ihe nketa ihe onyonyo onyonyo; * na-akọwapụta ihe nketa onyonyo n'ihe egwu, ọkachasị na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe . Ihe omume 2012 na 2013 na-ahazi site na Council Coordinating of Audiovisual Archives Association, site na SouthEast Asia & Pacific Audiovisual Archives Association (SEAPAVAA) na International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA). == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ụbọchị ncheta * Ememe mba ụwa == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.bangkokpost.com/lifestyle/music/375579/sights-sounds-and-slogans-world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage-contest "Sights, Sounds and slogans! ụbọchị ụwa maka asọmpi ihe nketa ọdịyo"] . ''Bangkok Post'' . Ọktoba 21, 2013. (subscription required) == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022142659/https://www.iasa-web.org/world-day-audiovisual-heritage Ụbọchị Ọchịchị Ụwa maka Weebụsaịtị Ihe Nketa Ọdịnihu] * [https://www.un.org/en/events/audiovisualday/index.shtml Ebe United Nations Official] * [http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/access-to-knowledge/archives/world-day-for-audiovisual-heritage/ saịtị UNESCO Official] * [https://www.un.org/en/events/observances/days.shtml Ndepụta nke United Nations ụbọchị mba ụwa] mojt15997aqwzkt0o4ms9eqhp2nik0z 0 51732 741808 740053 2026-10-27T21:52:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Adamou Ndam Njoya|birth_date=8 May 1942|death_date=7 March 2020 (aged 77)}} '''Adamou Ndam Njoya''' (8 Mee 1942 - 7 Maachị 2020) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ọka iwu, onye edemede na prọfesọ. Ọ bụ onye minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ mba site na 1977 ruo 1980, yana Onye isi ala Cameroon Democratic Union ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Machị 7 2020.Nwunye ya bụ Patricia Tomaïno Ndam Njoya nọchiri ya dị ka onye isi obodo Foumban, ọnọdụ ọ na-enwe kemgbe 1996. Site na 1997 ruo 2007, ọ bụ osote na National Assembly. Ọ garaghị nke ọma dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ntuli aka 1992, 2004, 2011 na 2018. == Mmụta == A mụrụ Ndam Njoya na Njika, Foumban, West Province, Cameroon, na 8 May 1942. Ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mbụ ya na Foumban na Nkongsamba na akara ugo mmụta ya na General Leclerc College na Yaoundé. Ọ gara France maka agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu, nata nzere MA na PhD na iwu mba ụwa ọha na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Paris (Panthéon). Ndam Njoya gụrụ diplomacy na Institut International d'Administration Publique (IIAP), soro internship atọ, ya na Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke France, na French Embassy na London, na International Organisation na United Nations European ụlọ ọrụ na Geneva, tupu. laghachi Cameroon na 1969. == Ọrụ gọọmentị == Ndam Njoya bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ n'oge dị mkpirikpi site na 1969 ruo 1970. Ọ sonyeere ngalaba iwu na Mahadum nke Yaoundé na 1970. Ndam Njoya rụrụ ọrụ maka Carnegie Endowment for International Peace na Cameroon dị ka onye nduzi nke mmemme ọzụzụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na 1970 ruo 1972, <ref name="Gov">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060117152434/http://www.spm.gov.cm/showgouv.php?module=showindividu&lang=fr&pers=126 "Biographie de M. Adamou Ndam Njoya" 1980] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060117152434/http://www.spm.gov.cm/showgouv.php?module=showindividu&lang=fr&pers=126 |date=17 January 2006 }}</ref> nyekwara aka mepụta International Relations Institute of Cameroon (IRIC); ọ bụ onye nduzi mbụ nke IRIC site na 1972 ruo 1975.Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Economic and Social Council of Cameroon na 1974, wee họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi na gọọmentị akpọrọ na 30 June 1975.<ref name="Gov" /> Na Disemba 1977, a họpụtara Ndam Njoya dị ka Minista nke Mmụta Mba. Mgbalị ya iwebata stringency na omume n'ime usoro mmụta zutere nguzogide, karịsịa site n'aka ezinụlọ ndị bara ọgaranya Francophone bụ ndị ejiri ego mkpali na-ekpebi ihe ịga nke ọma nke ụmụ ha na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na post-primary. Na Julaị 1980, n'okpuru nrụgide dị otú ahụ, Onye isi ala Ahmadou Ahidjo wepụrụ ya dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ mba wee họpụta ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya onye isi oche maka nyocha izugbe nke steeti na mgbanwe nchịkwa, ọkwa na-enweghị ike.<ref>"Cabinet Reshuffle in Cameroon" ''Radio Yaounde: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts'' (19 July 1980) British Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Na Jenụwarị 1982, Ahidjo chụpụrụ ya n'ọchịchị. == Ọrụ edemede == Site na 1982 ruo 1990 Ndam Njoya lekwasịrị anya na ide na nkuzi ya yana inye oge ya maka mbọ enyemaka. Odewo n'ihe gbasara iwu, sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme, mmekọrịta mba ụwa na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana akụkụ ihe nkiri, abụ, na akụkọ ifo. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye otu Executive Bureau nke UNESCO site na 1985 ruo 1989, ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke ndị ọka ikpe nke Grand Prix of Literary Associations 2014. === Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ === * Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1975) ''Ekpere na abụ otuto nye Chineke'' Ndam na Raynier, Yaoundé, Cameroon; * Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1976) ''Cameroon na mmekọrịta mba ụwa'' Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, Paris, ;  * Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1977) ''Njoya: Onye Ndozigharị nke alaeze Bamoun '' N.E.A. (New African editions), Abidjan, Ivory Coast, ;  * Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1982) ''Les Amo: nchịkọta abụ '' Ndam na Raynier, Yaounde; * Ndam Njoya, Adamou (1983) Akwụkwọ edemede nchịkwa na akwụkwọ mmekọrịta mba na mba Editions SOPECAM, Yaoundé, Cameroon; == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na Disemba 1990, Onye isi ala Paul Biya kwekwara ka otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmegide na Cameroon ọzọ, Ndam Njoya wee malite ịkpọkọta ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere echiche mgbanwe. Na July 1991, e jidere ya na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị mmegide ndị ọzọ ruo nwa oge, ma a tọhapụrụ ya ngwa ngwa.<ref>"Cameroon opposition leaders reportedly detained" ''Africa No. 1: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts'' (9 July 1991) British Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Na Septemba 1991, ọ mara ọkwa nguzobe nke Cameroon Democratic Union (Union démocratique du Cameroun, UDC), otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na nkwupụta pati ya, Ndam Njoya kwusiri ike na ikewapụ gọọmentị na nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike nke ndị ka nta. <ref>"Cameroon Democratic Union officially launched", ''Radio Cameroon: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts'' (13 September 1991) British Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Ndam Njoya bụ onye UDC na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala na Cameroon, nke e mere n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992, o wee bụrụ onye nke anọ na 3.6% nke votu. <ref name="Jua">Nantang Jua, "The Power Elite, the State, and Transition Politics in Cameroon", ''Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences'' (2003), ed. Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere and John Mukum Mbaku, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 97.</ref> Na Foumban, ebe siri ike ya, ọ nwetara 59% nke votu, mana ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị na West Province, ebe ọ nwetara 68,284 n'ime 107,411 ya niile vootu (17.58% nke votu na West Provincia).<ref>Milton H. Krieger and Joseph Takougang, ''African State and Society in the 1990s: Cameroon's Political Crossroads'' (2000), Westview Press, page 160.</ref><ref name="Jua" /><ref>Joseph-Marie Zambo Belinga, "An explanation of electoral attitudes in Cameroon 1990–92: a new appraisal", in ''Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress'' (2005), ed. Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo, Zed Books, page 51.</ref>A họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi obodo Foumban na Jenụwarị 1996 ntuli aka ime obodo ma bụrụkwa nke a họpụtara ya na National Assembly na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu 1997 dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị UDC na Noun.<ref name="Heure">{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20130221064954/http://www.cameroon-info.net/cmi_show_news.php?id=15170|title="L’heure de Ndam Njoya"}}, ''Le Messager'', 16 September 2004 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> Na 13 Jenụwarị 2001, Ndam Njoya na ndị isi otu ndị ọzọ sonyere na ngagharị iwe na-akwadoghị na Yaoundé megide National Election Observatory, na-ekwenye na ọ gaghị abụ òtù na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa gbasasịa ngagharị iwe a, a nwụchiri Ndam Njoya na ndị isi pati ndị ọzọ ruo awa ise. Na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke e mere n'ụbọchị iri na otu nke ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2004, ndị otu mmegide niile kwetara ịkwado otu onye na-azọ ọkwa megide Biya. Mgbe ndị otu ahụ họpụtara Ndam Njoya, John Fru Ndi wepụrụ Social Democratic Front (SDF) n'ime njikọ ahụ wee gbaa ọsọ iche. N'ihi ya, Ndam Njoya, onye na-anọchite anya njikọ aka nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nwetara naanị 4.47% nke votu, na-etinye nke atọ n'azụ onye SDF John Fru Ndi na 17.4%; Onye isi ala Biya meriri ntuli aka ahụ na 70.9% nke votu, dịka nsonaazụ gọọmentị si dị.<ref name="Results">{{Cite web|url=http://www.presidentielle2004.gov.cm/resca.php?cand=13&lang=en|title=2004 Presidential Elections: results page for Adamou Ndam Njoya|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314045419/http://www.presidentielle2004.gov.cm/resca.php?cand=13&lang=en|archivedate=14 March 2007}}</ref> Dị ka ọ ghọrọ ụkpụrụ na ntuli aka Cameroon, a na-ebo ebubo "nnukwu aghụghọ".<ref>"Cameroon's Supreme Court confirms Biya's re-election", Agence France Presse, 25 October 2004.</ref> Ndam Njoya nwetara akara kachasị mma na West Province, ebe ọ meriri 16.71% nke votu.<ref name="Results" /> Kemgbe afọ 2004, Ndam Njoya anọgidewo na-abụ onye isi oche nke Cameroon Democratic Union, na-ekwu okwu megide nrụrụ aka na gọọmentị ma na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka ikerịta ọrụ.<ref>"Dr. Adamou Ndam Njoya : "Cameroon Still Needs Change"", ''Cameroon Tribune'', 17 March 2005.</ref><ref>"CDU President Speaks Out", ''Cameroon Tribune'', 9 March 2006.</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ maka afọ ise ọzọ dị ka onye isi oche CDU na nnọkọ nnọkọ nke Yaoundé, nke ihe dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya 3,000 bịara, na 30 Nọvemba-2 Disemba 2006; ọ dịghị onye ịma aka maka ọnọdụ ahụ. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ ugboro abụọ na National Assembly, Ndam Njoya họọrọ ịghara ịzọ ọkwa ọzọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke July 2007. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbara ọsọ ọzọ maka ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye isi obodo Foumban ma họpụta ya ọzọ, na-emeri [[Njankouo Lamere]], osote minista ego. Ndam Njoya kwuru n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007 na aghụghọ ntuli aka emeela ka e nwee ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke na ọ nwere ike iduga n'agha obodo.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4796f9042.pdf "Country of origin information report: Cameroon"], British Border & Immigration Agency, 16 January 2008.</ref> N'ikwu okwu na 17 Disemba 2007, o gosipụtara mmegide ya na atụmatụ imezigharị iwu iji wepụ oke oge n'ọfịs onye isi ala, na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị afọ ise abụọ ka a ga-ekwe ka a mee ntuli aka onye isi ala n'okpuru usoro ịtụ vootu abụọ. Na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke Ọktọba 2011, Ndam Njoya guzoro ọzọ dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala nke Cameroon Democratic Union, mana enweghị nkwado sara mbara.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ndifor, Joseph M.|date=18 September 2011|title=The "Quartet" (John Fru Ndi, Adamou Ndam Njoya, Garga Haman, and Jean-Jacques Ekindi): Their Last Crusade|work=Up Station Mountain Club|url=http://www.postnewsline.com/2011/09/the-quartet-john-fru-ndi-adamou-ndam-njoya-garga-haman-and-jean-jacque-ekindi-their-last-crusade.html}}</ref> N'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, ọ nwetara 1.73% nke votu wee bụrụ nke anọ, n'azụ John Fru Ndi (nke abụọ) na Garga Haman Adji (nke atọ). Onye isi ala Paul Biya nwetara ihe karịrị 77% nke votu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=9 October 2011 Presidential Election|publisher=African Elections|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/cm.html#2011_Presidential_Election|accessdate=3 September 2024|archivedate=3 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903053954/http://africanelections.tripod.com/cm.html#2011_Presidential_Election}}</ref> O guzoro ọzọ na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2018, na-enweta votu 61,220, òkè 1.73% nke ngụkọta. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.crtv.cm/2018/08/liste-des-candidats-a-lelection-presidentielle-2018/|title=Liste des candidats à l'élection présidentielle 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Classement des candidats par ordre des suffrages obtenu|language=fr|page=19|work=Cameroon Tribune|accessdate=8 March 2020|url=https://www.camerlex.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/resultat-presidentielle.pdf|author=Camerlex|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930011021/https://www.camerlex.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/resultat-presidentielle.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na-enweghị mmegide, a họpụtara Ndam Njoya ọzọ site na otuto dị ka onye isi oche nke UDC na 9 Mee 2016 na mgbakọ pati na Yaoundé. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'oge ọnwụ ya, ọ lụrụ [[Patricia Tomaïno Ndam Njoya]], onye ghọrọ onye isi obodo Foumban na 9 Febụwarị 2020. Ndam Njoya hapụrụ ụmụ ise. Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwado mkparịta ụka okpukpe ma nọrọ na Board of World Religious Leaders maka The Elijah Interfaith Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elijah-interfaith.org/|title=Elijah Interfaith, Sharing Wisdom Fostering Peace #MakeFriends|work=elijah-interfaith.org}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nnukwu ihe nrite nke Òtù Ndị Na-ede Akwụkwọ == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ndam Njoya, Adamou}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nqy5k8pdamgf0bg59u18iiy1b4qoyqc 0 52733 741800 724039 2026-10-27T20:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=|caption=Ong Guat Leng, who was killed in 2014|birth_name=Ong Guat Leng|birth_date=|birth_place=Colony of Singapore|death_date=|death_place=Tampines, Singapore|death_cause=Death by stabbing|resting_place=|resting_place_coordinates=|nationality=Singaporeans||other_names=|known_for=Murder victim|education=|employer=|occupation=Housewife|title=|height=|spouse=Char Yeng Kong|children=Two daughters and one son|signature=|website=|footnotes=}} Na 21 Ọgọst 2014, n'ụlọ ya dị na Tampines, Ong Guat Leng dị afọ 54 (王月玲 Wáng Yuèlíng) ka nna di ya dị afọ 80 bụ Char Chin Fah (谢振发 Xiè Zhènfā), bụ onye ji mma gbuo ya. e jidere ma bo ya ebubo igbu ọchụ.[1] E gosipụtara site na nyocha na usoro ikpe ụlọikpe na Char enweghị ezigbo mmekọrịta na Ong, akụkụ n'ihi na Char na-esiri ya ike ibi ndụ na Ong baara Char mba ma na-arụrịta ụka na Char maka nke a ma kwuo na ọ na-asọpụrụ ya. N'ikpeazụ, otu n'ime arụmụka ndị a ụbọchị tupu igbu ọchụ chụpụrụ Char na nsọtụ ya mere o ji jide mma n'echi ya, makpuo isi Ong na-ehi ụra na mgbidi tupu ọ gbuo ya. Emechara mara Char ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ asatọ ka ọ kwusịrị ikpe mbelata nke igbu mmadụ na Eprel 2016.[2] Afọ iri ka ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, Char, bụ onye kwuchara ikpe ya, nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 90 na February 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=当年狠杀媳妇的家翁已过世 儿女放下仇恨送最后一程|work=Sin Chew Daily|url=https://johor.sinchew.com.my/news/20240325/johor/5486115|language=zh}}</ref> == Ịma mma na-egbu egbu == N'ụtụ nke 21 August 2014, a ahụ mụrụ Singapore dị afọ 54 nwụrụ anwụ n'otu ụlọ dị na Tampines, na n'otu ụbọchị ahụ n'onwe ya, nwoke Singapore dị afọ 80, kọrọ na nna nyere nke onye tara tara. ikpe. e jidere maka ahụ ahụ, nke e debere dị ka igbu ọchụ,[1] na a iya anya na a ga-ebo onye ahụ a na-enyo ebubo igbu ọchụ n'echi ya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2014|title=80-year-old father-in-law arrested for Tampines woman’s death|work=Coconuts|url=https://coconuts.co/singapore/news/80-year-old-father-law-arrested-tampines-womans-death/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 August 2014|title=Woman murdered in Tampines flat, 80-year-old man arrested: police|work=Yahoo News|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singaporean-woman-in-her-50s-found-dead-in-tampines-flat--reports-091848120.html}}</ref> Onye a tara ahụhụ bụ Ong Guat Leng dị afọ 54, onye nwere ụmụnne 12 ma lụọla nwanyị abụọ na otu nwa nwoke (ndị niile dị afọ 20) n'oge ogbugbu ahụ, ụmụ ya alụọlarị di. Ong, onye nwere mma n'obi ya, kwuru na otu n'ime ụmụ ya nwanyị hụrụ ka ọ tọgbọrọ n'ime ọdọ mmiri, wee kpọọ onye uwe ojii.[1] Ndị uwe ojii gbachiri ebe ahụ wee mee nyocha n'ime ụlọ na ọbụna ebe mkpofu iji nweta ihe akaebe; ndị uwe ojii wetara otu T-shirt nwere ọbara na akwa akwa n'ime ụlọ ahụ, na n'ebe a na-ekpofu ihe, ha nwetara obere mkpirisi isi awọ ọbara nwere obere mkpirisi na mkpanaka ojii nwere ogologo ya ruru otu mita n'ogologo.[2]. Ọtụtụ ndị agbata obi gwara ndị uwe ojii na ha nụrụ ka otu nwanyị na-eti mkpu n'ụtụtụ ahụ n'onwe ya, obere oge tupu a chọpụta na e gburu Ong. A kọkwara na n'oge nwa ya nwanyị hụrụ ozu nne ya, onye a na-enyo enyo rutere Bedok North Neighborhood Police Center iji nyefee onwe ya maka mpụ ahụ, nke mere mgbe di, nwa nwoke na nwanne Ong - ndị niile bi na otu flat nakwa - nọ n'ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2014|title=杀媳妇　老翁控谋杀|work=Oriental Daily|url=https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/society/2014/08/22/49193|language=zh}}</ref> Mgbe ihe omume a pụtara na mbụ, ikpe a tụrụ ọtụtụ ndị Singapore akpata oyi n’otu n’otu n’ihi na a na-ebo otu nwoke dị afọ 80 ebubo igbu nwunye nwa ya, a kwenyere na onye a na-enyo enyo so na ya bụ otu n’ime ha. ndị kasị ochie ejidere wee nyochaa maka igbu ọchụ ruo ugbu a. Ọtụtụ ndị bi na agbataobi Ong dị na Tampines wụkwara akpata oyi n'ahụ maka ọnwụ Ong, onye ha kọwara dị ka nwanyị na-enwe mmasị ịmụmụ ọnụ ọchị ma na-eme enyi, na-enwe mmasị n'ịgba karaoke. Ndị bi ebe ahụ kọwakwara nna nwunye Ong dị ka nwoke nwere enyi na-adị ogologo na nke anụ ahụ́ ma na-akwanyere ndị ọzọ ùgwù, na ezinaụlọ ahụ na-abụkarị ndị enyi.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2014|title=Man, 80, arrested over murder of daughter-in-law|work=TODAY|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/man-80-arrested-over-murder-daughter-law}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 August 2014|title=住家傳婦女慘叫聲‧家翁涉嫌殺媳婦被捕|work=Guangming Daily|url=https://guangming.com.my/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%B6%E5%82%B3%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E6%85%98%E5%8F%AB%E8%81%B2%E2%80%A7%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%81%E6%B6%89%E5%AB%8C%E6%AE%BA%E5%AA%B3%E5%A9%A6%E8%A2%AB%E6%8D%95|language=zh|archive-date=27 November 2024|access-date=5 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127214751/https://guangming.com.my/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%B6%E5%82%B3%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E6%85%98%E5%8F%AB%E8%81%B2%E2%80%A7%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%81%E6%B6%89%E5%AB%8C%E6%AE%BA%E5%AA%B3%E5%A9%A6%E8%A2%AB%E6%8D%95|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ndị obodo ahụ chọpụtara na agadi nwoke ahụ na nwunye nwa ya adịghị enwe mmekọrịta dị mma n'ihi na a kọrọ na ha na-esekarị okwu n'etiti onwe ha ihe dị ka otu afọ mgbe onye a na-enyo enyo kwapụrụ n'ime afọ ole na ole tupu mgbe ahụ. igbu ọchụ. Otu onye n’otu ụlọ ahịa kọfị dị nso kwuru na ya hụrụ onye a na-enyo enyo nke na-abịa n’ụlọ ahịa kọfị kwa ụbọchị n’elekere isii nke ụtụtụ ikiri ihe onyonyo tupu ya apụọ n’ihe dị ka elekere atọ nke uhuruchi ma ọ bụ elekere anọ, na ihe kpatara ya bụ na ọ chọghị ịhụ nwunye nwa ya. , onye ọ na-enweghị ike ịhụ anya na anya na Ong na ihe ụfọdụ. A na-eche na ogbugbu a nwere ike ime n'ihi mmekọrịta dị egwu dị n'etiti Ong na nna di ya..<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2014|title=Man, 80, arrested for murder of daughter-in-law|work=The New Paper|url=https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/man-80-arrested-murder-daughter-law}}</ref> == Ebubo igbu ọchụ na nchụpụ == N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, e boro onye a na-enyo enyo, Char Chin Fah dị afọ iri asatọ, ebubo igbu ọchụ n'ụlọ ikpe distrikti maka igbu Ong Guat n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. <ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2014|title=Man, 80, charged with murder of daughter-in-law|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/man-80-charged-with-murder-of-daughter-in-law}}</ref> Leng<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2014|title=Warga tua didakwa bunuh menantu|work=Berita Harian|url=https://www.beritaharian.sg/setempat/warga-tua-didakwa-bunuh-menantu|language=Malay}}</ref> Ka mmebi iwu nke igbu ọchụ na-ebu ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ na Singapore, a ga-ama Char ikpe ọnwụ site n'ịkwụgbu ya ma ọ bụrụ na a mara ya ikpe. E nyere ndị uwe ojii iwu ụlọ ikpe ka ha tinye Char n'aka ndị uwe ojii na Central Police Division iji nye ya ohere inyere ha aka na nyocha ha.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2014|title=80-year-old charged with murder of daughter-in-law|work=TODAY|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/80-year-old-charged-murder-daughter-law}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2014, a kpọchiri Char Chin Fah maka nyocha uche n'ụlọ ọgwụ nke Changi Prison. <ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2014|title=Tampines murder case: 80-year-old accused remanded for psychiatric evaluation|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/tampines-murder-case-80-year-old-accused-remanded-for-psychiatric-evaluation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2014|title=80-year-old murder suspect to be remanded for psychiatric assessment|work=Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2014/08/28/80-year-old-murder-suspect-to-be-remanded-for-psychiatric-assessment/734981}}</ref> Ndị ezinụlọ Char kpọrọ onye ọka iwu omempụ Ramesh Tiwary ka ọ nọchite anya Char na ikpe igbu ọchụ ya na-abịanụ, ọ pụtakwara n'ụlọ ikpe n'ụbọchị ahụ iji rụọ ọrụ maka Char. A kọrọ na ụfọdụ ndị ezinụlọ Char nọ n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ. E mere ndokwa ka Char laghachi n'ụlọ ikpe maka ikpe mbụ na 17 Septemba 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2014|title=80-year-old murder suspect remanded for psychiatric assessment|work=TODAY|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/80-year-old-murder-suspect-remanded-psychiatric-assessment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 August 2014|title=80-year-old murder suspect to be remanded for psychiatric assessment|work=TODAY|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/80-year-old-murder-suspect-be-remanded-psychiatric-assessment}}</ref> == Nkwupụta Char Chin Fah ==   Char Chin Fah, onye lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ nwoke abụọ na otu nwa nwanyị, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa ákwà, onye ọkwọ ụgbọala bọs na onye na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa kọfị n'oge ọ dị obere tupu ọ laa ezumike nká, ọ malitekwara ibi na nwa ya nwoke nke okenye Char Yeng Kong (nke a na-akpọ David Char), onye bụ onye ọrụ nke Ndị agha Singapore (SAF). Char na mmadụ ise bi n'otu ụlọ - nwa ya nwoke nke okenye, nwunye nwa ya nwoke Ong Guat Leng, nwa nwa di na nwunye ahụ na enyi nwanyị nwa nwa ahụ, na nwanne Ong nke obere - na Tampines ma ọ na-ehi ụra n'àkwà na-enweghị isi n'ime ụlọ, ebe nwunye Char na ụmụ abụọ bi ebe ọzọ na Singapore. N'oge Char na nwa ya nwoke nke okenye bi, Char na Ong nwere mmekọrịta siri ike ma ha na-ese okwu mgbe niile. Dabere na ihe akaebe e nyere, a kọrọ na Char "na-esiri ike ibi", n'ihi na ọ na-egosipụtakarị omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dịka ịhapụkarị sọks ya ruru unyi na tebụl iri nri ma hapụ ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ mposi ghere oghe mgbe ọ bụla ọ na-eme nsị. Omume a were Ong iwe, onye na-aṅụ ọgwụ maka nsogbu nchegbu, ọ na-akatọkarị Char maka ihe o mere; ọnọdụ uche ya na-emekarị ka Ong nag ma na-ekwughachi onwe ya mgbe ọ na-ewe iwe. Char enweghị mmasị n'otú Ong si akpọkarị ya aha ya zuru oke ma baara ya mba, ma chee na Ong enweghị nkwanye ùgwù, ya mere ọ na-emekarị mkpesa nye nwa ya nwoke na nwa ya nwanyị nke obere banyere Ong.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 April 2016|title=Man, 82, jailed 8 years for killing daughter-in-law|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/man-82-jailed-8-years-for-killing-daughter-in-law}}</ref> N'uhuruchi tupu ogbugbu ahụ, Char na di na nwunye ahụ rụrịtara ụka ọzọ, ndị na-enweghị obi ụtọ na ya maka ịghara ịsa ákwà mgbochi. Char were iwe nke ukwuu ma ghọgbuo ya, ebe ọ bụ na nwa ya nwoke nke okenye ekwughi okwu maka ya ma kwado Ong. N'ihi nke a, Char chepụtara atụmatụ igbu Ong, ya mere, n'ụtụtụ echi ya, n'elekere 5:30 nke ụtụtụ, Char gara n'èzí maka mmega ahụ ụtụtụ ya ma rie nri ụtụtụ ya na ụlọ ahịa kọfị dị nso. N'ụlọ ahịa kọfị, Char dere akwụkwọ ozi igbu onwe ya, nke e degaara nwa ya nwanyị, na-agwa ya na o mere ihe dị njọ ma nye nwa ya nwanyị iwu ka ọ dozie okwu nke onwe ya. Char ṅụrụ otu karama nke siri ike "iji nwetakwuo obi ike" tupu ya agaa gbuo Ong. Char chere ruo mgbe ndị ọzọ niile bi n'ụlọ ahụ hapụrụ maka ọrụ, nke ga-ahapụ Ong naanị ya n'ụlọ na-ehi ụra.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=趁熟睡抓頭撞床捅4刀 對我不敬 老翁殺媳婦|work=Guangming Daily|url=https://guangming.com.my/%E8%B6%81%E7%86%9F%E7%9D%A1%E6%8A%93%E9%A0%AD%E6%92%9E%E5%BA%8A%E6%8D%854%E5%88%80-%E5%B0%8D%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%95%AC-%E8%80%81%E7%BF%81%E6%AE%BA%E5%AA%B3%E5%A9%A6|language=zh|archive-date=11 June 2024|access-date=5 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611162456/https://guangming.com.my/%E8%B6%81%E7%86%9F%E7%9D%A1%E6%8A%93%E9%A0%AD%E6%92%9E%E5%BA%8A%E6%8D%854%E5%88%80-%E5%B0%8D%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%95%AC-%E8%80%81%E7%BF%81%E6%AE%BA%E5%AA%B3%E5%A9%A6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Char laghachiri n'ụlọ mgbe Ong ka na-ehi ụra, ọ banyere na kichin iji họrọ ngwá agha ndị nwere ike tupu ya ejiri mma kichin kachasị nkọ, nke dị sentimita 20 n'ogologo. Char ji mma gaa n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra, ọ gakwuuru Ong, jide ntutu isi ya ma kụọ isi ya na mgbidi ugboro ugboro. Ong jisiri ike tọhapụ onwe ya wee gbalaga n'ọnụ ụlọ ọzọ mana Char jidere ya. Ọ bụ ezie na Ong rịọrọ Char ka ọ gbaghara ya, Char ekweghị ma ọ gara n'ihu na-awakpo ya. Mgbe ha abụọ lụchara ọgụ, Char chụrụ Ong, onye gbapụrụ wee gbalaga n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra, mana tupu Ong emechie ọnụ ụzọ, Char jidere ya wee si n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ihi ụra. N'ime ụlọ ihi ụra, Char meriri Ong ma maa Ong mma ugboro anọ; a na-enye ya ọnyá ikpeazụ n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke obi Ong wee banye n'obi ya. A kọrọ na Char gwara ndị uwe ojii na ọ maara site na ihe nkiri na obi ahụ dị n'ebe ahụ ebe a mara ya mma ikpeazụ. Nnyocha nke ozu chọpụtara ọnyá anọ n'obi ya (abụọ n'ime ha batara n'obi na akpa ume aka ekpe), ọkpụkpụ na okpokoro isi ya, yana mmerụ ahụ, abrasions na ọzịza n'ihu ya na ahụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 April 2016|title=媳妇直呼全名　八旬家翁猛捅她4刀死|work=Seehua News|url=https://news.seehua.com/post/163881|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611162458/https://news.seehua.com/post/163881|archive-date=11 June 2024|access-date=5 October 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 April 2016|title=媳妇直呼全名　八旬家翁猛捅她4刀死|work=Oriental Daily|url=https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/international/2016/04/26/138020|language=zh}}</ref> Mgbe o gbusịrị Ong, Char sachara ma gbanwee uwe ya tupu ọ kpọọ ụmụ ya ka ọ gwa ha banyere ogbugbu ahụ, ọ gbagara n'ụlọ nwa ya nwanyị Jenny Char. Char chọrọ inyefe nwa ya nwanyị ihe onwunwe ya ma gbuo onwe ya, mana a gwara ya ka ọ nọrọ ma chere nwa ya nwoke nke obere Char Yeng Keang, onye bịarutere n'oge na-adịghị anya. Mgbe ọ bịarutere izute nna ya, nwa Char nke nta mere ka nna ya kwenye inye onwe ya ma gwa ya ka ọ ghara igbu onwe ya. Char mechara kweta ma nwa ya nwoke kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị na Bedok iji nyefee onwe ya, ozugbo a chọpụtara ọnwụ Ong n'otu oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=82-year-old man jailed eight years for killing daughter-in-law at Tampines flat|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/82-year-old-man-jailed-eight-years-for-killing-daughter-in-law-at-tampines}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=家翁捅死媳妇案 被告判坐牢8年|work=Lianhe Zaobao|url=https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20160425-609427|language=zh}}</ref> == Ikpe na amamikpe == N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2016, a kpere Char Chin Fah dị afọ iri asatọ na abụọ ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu maka ogbugbu nwunye nwa ya dị afọ iri ise na anọ bụ Ong Guat Leng. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ, ebubo igbu ọchụ e belatara ka ọ bụrụ obere ebubo igbu egbu nke na-abụghị igbu ọchukwu, ma ọ bụ igbu ọchaya. Dabere na akụkọ ndị isi mgbaka nke Dr Stephen Phang nke Institute of Mental Health, Char na-arịa ọrịa àgwà na mmeghachi omume paranoid siri ike n'oge ogbugbu ahụ, ọ na-emebi ọrụ uche ya n'oge mmejọ ahụ. Ya mere, e belatara ebubo igbu ọchụ ahụ n'ihi mbelata ibu ọrụ, nke mere ka Char gbanahụ ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ maka igbu Ong. ntaramahụhụ a ga-enye Char bụ ma ọ bụ Mkpọrọ ndụ ma ọ bụ ihe ruru afọ iri abụọ, na mgbakwunye na ịkwụ ụgwọ ma ọ bụ ịpịa ya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=Man jailed eight years for killing daughter-in-law in Tampines flat|work=The New Paper|url=https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/man-jailed-eight-years-killing-daughter-law-tampines-flat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=Man jailed eight years for killing daughter-in-law|work=Yahoo News|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/man-jailed-eight-years-for-killing-daughter-in-law-101127852.html}}</ref> Char kwupụtara na ikpe mara ya maka ebubo ahụ dị ala ma kpọọ ikpe ikpe n'otu ụbọchị ahụ n'ihu onye ọka ikpe ikpe Woo Bih Li nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. Ndị ọkàiwu, nke onye osote onye ọkàiwu ọha na eze (DPP) Mohamed Faizal Mohamed Abdul Kadir duziri, chọrọ ka a maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri. DPP Mohamed Faizal kwuru na ọ bụ igbu ọchụ e mere tupu oge eruo na ọtụtụ atụmatụ na nhọrọ nke ngwá agha kwesịrị ekwesị na oge n'akụkụ Char, ọ bụkwa mwakpo a kpachaara anya na obi ọjọọ a malitere na nwunye nwa ya. Ndị na-ebo ya ebubo dọtakwara uche n'ọnọdụ uche Char, na-ekwu na Char enweghị nghọta banyere ọnọdụ ya ma kwuo maka akụkọ Dr Phang, nke Dr Phang kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na "e wepụrụ ajọ omume" Char, ọ ka ga-enwe ike ịmepụta mmeghachi omume yiri nke ahụ n'ebe ndị ezinụlọ ya dị ndụ nọ n'ọdịnihu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ laghachiri ibi na ha. N'okwu nke ya, DPP Mohamed Faizal hotara esemokwu a, "Ndị na-amaghị nke ọma n'etiti ọha na eze na ndị ezinụlọ ya fọdụrụnụ kwesịrị ka e chebe ha kpamkpam pụọ n'ihe omume yiri nke ime ihe ike na-enweghị uche site n'aka onye mebiri ya. "<ref name="New Paper" /> {{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=82-year-old man jailed 8 years for killing daughter-in-law|work=TODAY|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/82-year-old-man-jailed-8-years-killing-daughter-law}}</ref> N'aka nke ọzọ, onye ọka iwu Char bụ Ramesh Tiwary gbara ụlọ ikpe ume ka ha maa Char ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ ise. Ọ gbara ụlọ ikpe ume ka ha tụlee na Char ji aka ya nyefee onwe ya n'aka ndị uwe ojii ma soro ndị nyocha rụkọọ ọrụ, Char "nwere mmetụta nke ịbụ onye Ong kparịrị ma na-eleda anya" ma na-eche na nwa ya nwoke nke okenye agbachiteghị ya ma soro nwunye ya kwado. Tiwary kwukwara na a ga-emekwa ka ọ dị nro n'ihi agadi Char na ahụike na-adịghị mma. N'ezie, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ahụike Char kara njọ ma a wara ya ahụ ugboro abụọ - otu maka nsogbu nke ụzọ nsị na nke ọzọ iji wepụ akpụ n'otu ntị ya - kemgbe e jidere ya.<ref name="New Paper">{{Cite news|date=26 April 2016|title=Man, 82, gets 8 years for killing daughter-in-law|work=The New Paper|url=https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/man-82-gets-8-years-killing-daughter-law|archive-date=9 June 2024|access-date=5 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609165511/https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/man-82-gets-8-years-killing-daughter-law|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''The New Paper''. 26 April 2016.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=82-year-old jailed eight years for killing daughter-in-law in Singapore|work=Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2016/04/25/82-year-old-jailed-8-years-for-killing-daughter-in-law-in-singapore/1106945}}</ref> N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, Justice Woo Bih Li nyere mkpebi ya, na-ama Char ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ asatọ maka igbu ọchụ nke nwunye nwa ya; Char enwetaghị mkpara n'ihi na ọ karịrị afọ 50 n'oge a mara ya ikpe. N'okwu ikpe ya, Justice Woo kwuru na nke a bụ mmejọ siri ike ebe ọ ga-adọta ntaramahụhụ siri ike na mbụ, mana ọ jụrụ itinye ogologo oge n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'okwu Char, na-ekwu na ọ na-eche ụfọdụ "na-ala azụ" ihu n'ihi agadi Char ma o chere na ọ dị mkpa na oge mkpọrọ ahụ ekwesịghị ịghọ ikpe ndụ maka Char. N'ihi nke a, Justice Woo họọrọ ikpe afọ asatọ maka Char Chin Fah dị afọ 82, onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'oge e jidere ya. A kọrọ na nwa nwanyị Char mere ndokwa ka nna ya na ya biri ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere ka na-eleta nna ha n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe niile, ọ bụ ezie na ha na nwanne ha nwoke tọrọ ha, onye nwunye ya Char gburu afọ abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ.<ref name="New Paper" /> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Chelvan|first=Vanessa Paige|title=82-year-old man who killed daughter-in-law jailed 8 years|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/82-year-old-man-who/2728574.html|accessdate=11 June 2024|date=25 April 2016|archive-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004073954/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/82-year-old-man-who/2728574.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 April 2016|title=Lelaki 82 tahun dipenjara kerana bunuh menantu perempuan|work=Berita Harian|url=https://www.beritaharian.sg/setempat/lelaki-82-tahun-dipenjara-kerana-bunuh-menantu-perempuan|language=Malay}}</ref> == A tọhapụrụ Char na ọnwụ ya == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị afọ asatọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a tọhapụrụ Char Chin Fah kemgbe 2022, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị kpọmkwem ụbọchị a tọhapụsịrị ya, ọ laghachiri ka ya na nwa ya nwanyị biri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=狠心捅死媳妇男子已逝世　孙子无法原谅拒送终|work=Seehua News|url=https://news.seehua.com/post/1138111|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=狠心捅死媳妇老翁已逝世　两孙无法原谅祖父拒送终|work=Oriental Daily|url=https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/international/2024/03/25/640042|language=zh}}</ref> Dị ka ụfọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Chinese si kwuo, Char ekwughị ọnwụ nwunye nwa ya nwụrụ anwụ ọzọ iji zere iweghachi ncheta mwute. Ezinụlọ Char kwukwara okwu banyere ikpe ahụ ọzọ iji zere icheta ihe mwute gara aga wee gaa n'ihu. Dị ka onye ikwu Char si kwuo, ụmụ Char agbagharala ya maka ihe merenụ, gụnyere nwa ya nwoke nke okenye, onye na-eleta nna ya mgbe niile n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma nọgide na-eletela Char n'ụlọ nwanne ya nwanyị. Otú ọ dị, ụmụ Ong Guat Leng kpọrọ nna ha asị ma ghara ịgbaghara ya maka igbu nne ha. N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, a chọpụtara na Char nwere isi mgbaka, ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ ihe ncheta ya n'oge gara aga.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=狮城焦点 - 狠杀媳妇家翁过世 2孙子拒送终|work=Johor China Press|url=https://johor.chinapress.com.my/20240325/%E7%8B%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%84%A6%E7%82%B9%EF%BD%9C%E7%8B%A0%E6%9D%80%E5%AA%B3%E5%A6%87%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%81%E8%BF%87%E4%B8%96-2%E5%AD%99%E5%AD%90%E6%8B%92%E9%80%81%E7%BB%88/|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=老翁9年前杀死大媳妇 两孙无法原谅拒送终|work=Kwong Wah|url=https://www.kwongwah.com.my/20240325/%E8%80%81%E7%BF%819%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E6%9D%80%E6%AD%BB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AA%B3%E5%A6%87-%E4%B8%A4%E5%AD%99%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%9F%E8%B0%85%E6%8B%92%E9%80%81%E7%BB%88/|language=zh}}</ref> Na 25 Febụwarị 2024, ihe dị ka afọ iri mgbe ogbugbu Ong Guat Leng gasịrị, Char Chin Fah dị afọ 90 nwụrụ n'ụlọ nwa ya nwanyị. E mere emume olili ozu ya ruo ụbọchị ise ma kpọọ ozu ya ọkụ. N'oge olili ozu ahụ, ụmụ Ong anaghị akwanyere nna ha ùgwù ma ọ dịghị mgbe ha pụtara n'ememe olili oju ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ atọ Char na ụmụ ụmụ ndị ọzọ na ndị ikwu nọ na olili ofu ahụ. Otu onye ezinụlọ, onye họọrọ ịnọgide na-amaghị aha ya, gwara ndị nta akụkọ na Char nwụrụ n'udo n'ihi ịka nká ma bie ndụ dị jụụ na nke na-enweghị nsogbu kemgbe ihe ahụ merenụ, ma kọwaa ya dị ka "ezi nna" n'agbanyeghị ihe o mere. Onye ezinụlọ ahụ jụrụ ikwu okwu banyere ikpe ahụ na ihe si na ya pụta, na-ekwu na ezinụlọ ahụ achọghị icheta ihe merenụ ọzọ ma nwee olileanya ịchọta mmechi na ọnwụ Char.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=当年狠杀媳妇的家翁已过世 儿女放下仇恨送最后一程|work=8World News|url=https://www.8world.com/singapore/char-chin-fah-passed-away-2409181|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 March 2024|title=狠杀媳妇家翁过世 2孙子拒送终|work=China Press|url=https://www.chinapress.com.my/20240325/%E7%8B%A0%E6%9D%80%E5%AA%B3%E5%A6%87%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%81%E8%BF%87%E4%B8%96-2%E5%AD%99%E5%AD%90%E6%8B%92%E9%80%81%E7%BB%88/|language=zh}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * 2019 Toa Payoh helicopter mwakpo * Ndepụta nke mpụ ndị dị mkpa na Singapore == Ihe odide == === Ihe edeturu === [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lllu8gyxnazygtmneaaxntbgmklaw2g 0 52739 741801 207838 2026-10-27T20:17:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741801 wikitext text/x-wiki Machị ụmụ nwanyị Lincoln Nebraska nke afọ 2017 bụ ngosipụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ihe dịka ụmụ nwanyị 3,000 ruo 4,000 na Lincoln, Nebraska. Ọ mere na Jenụwarị 21, 2017, ụbọchị mgbe nraranye nke Onye isi ala Donald Trump gasịrị. Njem Lincoln bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu ngagharị ngagharị nke ụmụ nwanyị mgbochi Trump mere n'ofe United States.<ref name="Thousands show up to support Women's March on Lincoln" /> Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe gbakọtara na ogbe ndịda Lincoln, Nebraska iji kwupụta nkwado ha maka ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Ha si na UNL Student Union zọọ ụkwụ gaa na steeti Capitol n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ. Lincoln bụ otu n'ime ebe atọ mere njem na Nebraska, ebe Omaha na Loup City bụ abụọ ndị ọzọ.[1][2] Emere atụmatụ mmemme ụmụ nwanyị nke mba nke Jenụwarị 21, 2017 dị ka ngosipụta kachasị otu ụbọchị na akụkọ ntolite United States.[2][3] Lincoln March na-emeghachi kwa afọ, gụnyere 2020, mgbe emere ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|author=KZUM|date=2021-03-22|title=Lincoln Women's March Hosts Virtual Celebration of Black Women|url=https://kzum.org/lincoln-womens-march-hosts-virtual-celebration-of-black-women/|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=KZUM 89.3 FM – Local Radio in Lincoln, Nebraska {{!}} Music, Arts, Culture and Community|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nhazi ihe omume 2017 == === Ndị na-ahazi ya === Wendy Hines, onye bi na Lincoln, Nebraska, haziri njem ahụ site na Facebook.<ref name="Thousands show up to support Women's March on Lincoln">{{Cite web|author=WILLIAMS|first=TESS|title=Thousands show up to support Women's March on Lincoln|url=https://journalstar.com/news/local/thousands-show-up-to-support-womens-march-on-lincoln/article_2e87f297-d977-504f-b240-0f9946a37c68.html|accessdate=2021-03-29|work=JournalStar.com|date=21 January 2017|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFWILLIAMS2017">WILLIAMS, TESS (21 January 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://journalstar.com/news/local/thousands-show-up-to-support-womens-march-on-lincoln/article_2e87f297-d977-504f-b240-0f9946a37c68.html "Thousands show up to support Women's March on Lincoln"]</span>. ''JournalStar.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Ndị na-azọ ọkwa / Ndị na-ekwu okwu === Ndị ọkà okwu atọ gwara ìgwè mmadụ ahụ okwu na ụlọ isi obodo Nebraska: Rev. Karla Cooper, onye e chiri echichi na Chọọchị Episcopal Methodist nke Africa, Danielle Conrad, Onye isi oche nke ACLU Nebraska, na Meg Mikolajczyk, Onye Nlekọta Ọha na Ọha na Planned Parenthood nke Heartland. 1][2] Rev. Cooper jiri abụ mechiri emume ahụ, yana ọtụtụ puku ndị sonyere na-esonyere ogwe aka wee bụrụ “Obere Ìhè nke m a. N'ofe mba ahụ, ihe karịrị 670 ndị mmekọ na-agagharị na mmekorita ya na Women's March on Washington.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sparling|first=Hannah|title=Cincinnati women's march: 'We'll fight sexism with solidarity'|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/cincinnati-womens-march-well-fight-sexism-solidarity/96852580/|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=The Enquirer|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 4.5 gara ngagharị ahụ, dị ka Women's March si kwuo na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Washington.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-06|title='Something's happening ...' How the Women's March inspired a new era of resistance|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/06/somethings-happening-how-the-womens-march-inspired-a-new-era-of-resistance|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> E mepụtara ihe omume ahụ iji kwalite ịdị n'otu na ikike nhata maka mmadụ niile n'agbanyeghị okike, agbụrụ, ma ọ bụ okpukpe n'ihi nhọpụta nke Onye isi ala Donald Trump.<ref name="Thousands show up to support Women's March on Lincoln"/> == Arụmụka == === Ihe ihere nke UNL Fraternity === Ihe omume ahụ malitere na Mahadum Nebraska-Lincoln. Ka ìgwè mmadụ ahụ na-agafe Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, nke a na-akpọkarị ''Fiji'', ndị otu iri ise nọ n'èzí na-enye ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nsogbu, na-emegide ngagharị iwe, ma ọ bụ na-akwado Trump na-eti mkpu dị ka "Ọ bụghị ee" mgbe ha na-efegharị ọkọlọtọ Trump site na veranda ha, na-eweta uche ndị mgbasa ozi na ihe omume ahụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Mercer|first=Marcella|title=50 protest UNL fraternity whose members are accused of making vulgar remarks during Women's March|url=https://omaha.com/news/education/50-protest-unl-fraternity-whose-members-are-accused-of-making-vulgar-remarks-during-womens-march/article_99610d24-fb23-53cd-aa9d-f47d338ff638.html|accessdate=2021-03-29|work=Omaha.com|date=28 January 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411130130/https://omaha.com/news/education/50-protest-unl-fraternity-whose-members-are-accused-of-making-vulgar-remarks-during-womens-march/article_99610d24-fb23-53cd-aa9d-f47d338ff638.html|archive-date=2021-04-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Thousands show up to support Women's March on Lincoln"/> ==== Nzaghachi Campus ==== Mahadum ahụ nyochara omume ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ihe omume ahụ, n'ikpeazụ kwụsị isi maka ọtụtụ mmebi iwu, gụnyere ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, hazing, na omume mmekọahụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=University suspends Phi Gamma Delta fraternity until 2020|url=https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/university-suspends-phi-gamma-delta-fraternity-until-2020/|accessdate=2021-03-29|work=news.unl.edu|date=21 March 2017|language=en}}</ref> Ụlọ ahụ anọghị na ọnọdụ na-arụ ọrụ ruo 2019, mgbe a hapụrụ ndị otu ka ha laghachi.<ref name=":1" /> === Onye omeiwu steeti Nebraska Twitter Scandal === Onye omeiwu steeti Nebraska bụ Bill Kintner zigara tweet na-ese okwu site n'aka onye na-ahụ maka redio ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Larry Elder n'ụbọchị ngagharị iwe, foto ụmụ nwanyị atọ na-eme ngagharị iwe na nnọkọ ahụ, Elder hotara tweet ahụ wee sị "Ndị inyom echere na ị dị mma". Senate steeti Nebraska na-eme atụmatụ ịtụ vootu maka iwepụ Kinter, mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm tupu emee ntuli aka.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-25|title=Nebraska lawmaker quits after unsavory Women's March retweet|url=https://apnews.com/article/fc88427747b243a7aadd2d1f94f7120d|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=AP NEWS|archivedate=2021-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414031859/https://apnews.com/article/fc88427747b243a7aadd2d1f94f7120d}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * March nke ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 2017 * Ndepụta nke ebe ndị inyom na-eme ngagharị iwe na 2017 == Ihe odide == sl9qlshuq4tu1mw463urfu4wzibw627 0 53085 741803 726430 2026-10-27T20:59:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Abigail Jillian Sunderland (amuru Ọktoba 19, 1993) bụ onye America a ma ama, na 2010, nwara ibu onye nke kacha nta n’oru ugbo mmiri na gburugburu uwa.<ref name="LATimesJanuary24">{{Cite news|author=Thomas|first=Pete|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jan-24-la-sp-abby-sunderland24-2010jan24-story.html|title=Abby Sunderland Sets Course on a Record|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 24, 2010|accessdate=January 24, 2010}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == Nwa nke abụọ nke ụmụ asatọ Marianne na Laurence Sunderland, [1] Sunderland tolitere ya na ezinụlọ ya iji ụgbọ mmiri. Nwanne ya nwoke, Zac Sunderland, bụ onye mbụ na-erubeghị afọ 18 iji mezue okirikiri.[2] Ezinụlọ ya bụ Ndị Kraịst. Ya na ụmụnne ya abụrụla ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="homeschool">{{Cite web|url=http://www.momlogic.com/2010/01/my_16-year-old_is_sailing_around_the_world_solo_abby_sunderland_marianne_sunderland.php|title='My 16-Year-Old Is Sailing Around the World Solo'|publisher=Momlogic.com|date=January 29, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614071453/http://www.momlogic.com/2010/01/my_16-year-old_is_sailing_around_the_world_solo_abby_sunderland_marianne_sunderland.php|archivedate=June 14, 2010}}</ref> == Mgbalị ịgba gburugburu ụgbọ mmiri n'afọ 2010 == {|{{Infobox ship begin}} {{Infobox ship image|Ship image=|Ship caption=''Wild Eyes''}} {{Infobox ship career|Hide header=|Ship country=[[United States]]|Ship flag={{Flagicon|United States|size=60px}}|Ship name=''Wild Eyes''|Ship namesake=|Ship owner=|Ship operator=Abby Sunderland|Ship registry=|Ship route=Cabo San Lucas – Cape Horn – Cape of Good Hope – Indian Ocean|Ship ordered=|Ship awarded=|Ship builder=A.S.A. Yachts PTY, Australia|Ship original cost=|Ship yard number=|Ship way number=|Ship laid down=|Ship launched=|Ship sponsor=|Ship christened=|Ship completed=2001|Ship acquired={{Start date and age|October 24, 2009}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thelog.com/news/logNewsArticle.aspx?a=4&b=14&x=10145|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717011238/http://www.thelog.com/news/logNewsArticle.aspx?a=4&b=14&x=10145|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 17, 2011|title=''Wild Eyes'' to Take Abby Sunderland Around the World|first=Ambrosia|last=Sarabia|date=November 11, 2009 |access-date=February 7, 2010|publisher=The Log: California's Boating & Fishing News}}</ref>|Ship commissioned=|Ship recommissioned=|Ship decommissioned=|Ship maiden voyage=|Ship in service=|Ship out of service={{Start date and age|June 12, 2010}}|Ship renamed=|Ship reclassified=|Ship refit=|Ship struck=|Ship reinstated=|Ship homeport=|Ship identification=|Ship motto=|Ship nickname=|Ship honors=|Ship captured=|Ship fate=|Ship status=Dismasted, abandoned in southern Indian Ocean (12 June 2010) Sighted at Kangaroo Island, South Australia (31 December 2018)|Ship notes=|Ship badge=}} {{Infobox ship characteristics|Hide header=|Header caption=|Ship class=|Ship type=Sloop|Ship tonnage=16 (gross), 15 (net)|Ship displacement=7407 lbs (3360 kg)|Ship tons burthen=|Ship length={{convert|40|ft|abbr=on}}|Ship beam={{convert|11.21|ft|abbr=on}}|Ship height=|Ship draught=|Ship draft=|Ship depth=|Ship hold depth=|Ship decks=|Ship deck clearance=|Ship ramps=|Ship ice class=|Ship power=[[Yanmar]] (18 [[Horsepower|hp]])|Ship propulsion=Sails|Ship sail plan=[[Bermuda rig|Bermuda (Marconi) rig]]|Ship speed=|Ship range=|Ship endurance=|Ship test depth=|Ship boats=|Ship capacity=|Ship complement=|Ship crew=|Ship notes=Formerly ''BTC Velocity''<ref name="BTCVelocity" />}} |}Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri ogologo ndụ, Sunderland kwuru na ya na-akwado maka njem ya kemgbe afọ 13.[1] Nna ya Laurence Sunderland kwuru na ya ghọtara mkpebi ya mgbe "Ọ bụ ụbọchị siri ike na ụgbọ mmiri ya na-ama jijiji site na egbe ruo na egbe.... Amaara m na oyi na-atụ ya, ike gwụrụ ya na agụụ na-agụ ya, anyị ga-anọkwa na ya. ị maara, awa 20 n'oge ahụ, asịrị m, 'Ya mere, Abby, ị dịla njikere ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri gburugburu ụwa ugbu a?' Ọ zara ya, sị, 'Olee ebe ụgbọ mmiri m nọ?'"[2] A katọrọ ndị mụrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe maka mkpebi ikwe ka ọ mee njem a, ebe otu onye nkatọ na-akpọ mkpebi ahụ "nwere ike bụrụ enweghị ọrụ.i.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/2020/youngest-sailor-abby-sunderland/story?id=10799629&page=1|title=Too Young? Teen Attempts Solo Sail Around World|publisher=Abcnews.go.com|date=June 2, 2010|accessdate=November 19, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013222636/https://abcnews.go.com/2020/youngest-sailor-abby-sunderland/story?id=10799629&page=1|archivedate=October 13, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Harris">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/13/abby-sunderland-lone-sailor-rescued|title=Parents of rescued teenage sailor Abby Sunderland accused of risking her life|first=Paul|author=Harris|work=The Observer|date=13 June 2010|accessdate=18 June 2014|archivedate=June 26, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626151006/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/13/abby-sunderland-lone-sailor-rescued}}</ref> Ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri a na-eme atụmatụ ga-amalite site na Marina del Rey, site n'ebe ahụ gaa Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope, Cape Leeuwin ma laghachi Marina del Rey na ụkwụ iri, naanị ya na enweghị enyemaka, na-agbaso nkọwa nke International Sailing Federation World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC), nke a ga-agafe equator. Sail-World kwuru banyere oge ọpụpụ Sunderland: "Ọ bụ ezie na ... ọ ga-agba gburugburu Horn n'oge okpomọkụ mgbe ọnọdụ kwesịrị ịbụ nke kachasị mma ha nwere ike ịbụ, ọpụpụ ya na-egbu oge ... pụtara na ka ọ na-aga n'ebe ndịda Australia, ihu igwe ga-eru nso n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ihu igwe agaghị emebi. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sail-world.com/USA/Jessica-Watson-pounded-by-70knots,-Abby-Sunderland-sets-off/65752|author=Knudsen|first=Nancy|title=Jessica Watson Pounded by 70 Knots, Abby Sunderland Sets Off|publisher=Sail-World.com|date=January 23, 2010|accessdate=April 24, 2010|archivedate=June 26, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626151007/https://www.sail-world.com/USA/Jessica-Watson-pounded-by-70knots,-Abby-Sunderland-sets-off/65752}}</ref> Mgbe a napụtara ya, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri katọrọ njem ahụ dị ka "ajọ atụmatụ" na "enweghị isi". <ref name="ABC863830">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-11/teen-sailor-alive-and-well/863830|title=Teen sailor alive and well|work=ABC News|date=11 June 2010|accessdate=18 June 2014|archivedate=January 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107153212/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-11/teen-sailor-alive-and-well/863830}}</ref> ụgbọ mmiri Sunderland Wild Eyes bụ ụgbọ mmiri dị mita iri anọ (12.19 nke A.S.A. Yachts PTY, Australia rụrụ na 2001. N'ịbụ nke Jutson Yacht mepụtara, <ref name="BOAT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abbysunderland.com/abbys-boat.php|title=Abby Sunderland's Boat|accessdate=February 7, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208055035/http://www.abbysunderland.com/abbys-boat.php|archivedate=February 8, 2010}}</ref> a na-ekwu na a ga-eme ya kpọmkwem maka ịnya ụgbọ mmiri n'otu aka gafee Southern Ocean, mana akụkọ nnapụta na-agbagha nke a. <ref name="ABC863830" /> N'okpuru aha mbụ ya BTC Velocity ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mechara nke abụọ na Class 3 (Open 40) nke agbụrụ Around Alone 2002. <ref name="BOAT" /> [1]<ref name="BTCVelocity">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aroundalone2002.com/theyacht.html|title=About the Yacht|work=Around Alone 2002|accessdate=June 13, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617191443/http://www.aroundalone2002.com/theyacht.html|archivedate=June 17, 2010}}</ref> E ji Fiberglass rụọ Wild Eyes na Kevlar reinforcement n'ime oghere ise na-adịghị ekpuchi mmiri na oghere mgbochi na oghere mgbapụ azụ.<ref name="BOAT" /> Ezinụlọ Sunderland zụrụ ya na [[Àlá mmírí Rhode|Rhode Island]] n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2009 wee rụzigharịa ya na Marina Del Rey, California, yana usoro eletrik, nkwukọrịta na usoro igodo.<ref name="BOAT" /> === Mgbalị Mbụ === Sunderland malitere njem ya n'onwe ya site na Marina del Rey, California, na Jenụwarị 23, 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2010/jan/23/16-year-old-thousand-oaks-girl-leaves-on-round/|author=Scheibe|first=John|title=Thousand Oaks Girl Leaves on Round-the-World Sail|work=\ County Star|date=January 23, 2010|accessdate=April 24, 2010}}</ref> Enweghị oge zuru ezu iji mee nnwale ụgbọ mmiri ọtụtụ ụbọchị n'ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche, ya mere ndị otu ahụ kpebiri ịhapụ ya n'ụzọ ọ bụla, ma kwụsị na Cabo San Lucas, [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.<ref>The book "Unsinkable"</ref> Mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gasịrị, o doro anya na akụkụ anyanwụ ya na turbines ifufe anaghị emezu mkpa ike nke ụgbọ mmiri ya n'ọnọdụ ọ zutere, yabụ iji injin diesel dị mkpa karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya. Enwekwara nsogbu eletrik na wiring ya, nke metụtara ihe ngosi ọsọ ifufe ya. Sunderland dara na Cabo San Lucas na Febụwarị 2, 2010, iji nwetakwuo mmanụ na batrị, rụzie ma maliteghachi mgbalị ya na-enweghị nkwụsị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sail-world.com/USA/Abby-Sunderland-journey-aborted/65986|author=Knudsen|first=Nancy|title=Abby Sunderland Journey Aborted|publisher=Sail-World.com|date=January 31, 2010|accessdate=April 24, 2010|archivedate=June 26, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626151126/https://www.sail-world.com/USA/Abby-Sunderland-journey-aborted/65986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/outposts/2010/02/abby-sunderland.html|author=Burgess|first=Kelly|title=Sailor Abby Sunderland, 16, Heads to Cabo San Lucas for Vessel Repairs|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 2, 2010|accessdate=April 24, 2010}}</ref> === Mgbalị nke Abụọ === Sunderland malitere mgbalị nke abụọ ya site na Cabo San Lucas na Febụwarị 6, 2010, na-ezube imecha njem n'onwe ya, n'akwụsịghị akwụsị, n'enweghị enyemaka na ụkwụ iri, na-apụ ma na-alaghachi na Cabo San Lucas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/02/note-from-cabo-team-abby.html|title=A Note from Cabo Team Abby|date=February 6, 2010|accessdate=February 7, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209095924/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/02/note-from-cabo-team-abby.html|archivedate=February 9, 2010}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 19, 2010, na 3:07 PM PST, ụbọchị iri na atọ mgbe ha hapụsịrị Cabo San Lucas, Sunderland na Wild Eyes gafere equator n'ime South Pacific na 0°00′N 120°15′W / 0°N 120.25°W / 0; -120.25 (Sunderland gafere equateur, Febụwarụ 19, 2010).<ref name="Location">{{Cite web|url=http://abbysunderland.com/location-route.php|title=Abby's Location and Route|date=February 19, 2010|accessdate=March 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207225258/http://www.abbysunderland.com/location-route.php|archivedate=February 7, 2010}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 27, 2010, enwere nchegbu mgbasa ozi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local-beat/16-Year-old-Sailor-Girl-Off-Coast-of-Chile.html|title=16-Year-Old Sailor-Girl Off Coast of Chile|author=Adams|first=John|publisher=NBC Los Angeles|date=February 27, 2010|accessdate=March 25, 2010}}</ref> maka nchekwa Sunderland n'ihi ala ọma jijiji Chile nke afọ 2010. Ọ nọ mgbe ahụ na 15°S 123°W / 15°S123°W / -15; -123 (ọnọdụ Sunderland n'oge ala ọma jijiji Chile, February 27, 2010), ihe dị ka 1,860 (2,990 km) site na etiti ala ọma jijizi ahụ, mana nnukwu omimi oké osimiri dị n'ebe ọ dị belatara mmetụta nke tsunami ahụ na ndị otu ya kọrọ na ọ nwetaghị "... ihe ọ bụla na-abụghị nke nkịtị" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/02/abby-wild-eyes-ok.html|title=Abby & Wild Eyes OK|date=February 27, 2010|accessdate=March 25, 2010|archivedate=March 4, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304055950/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/02/abby-wild-eyes-ok.html}}</ref> Na Machị 21, 2010, mgbe ọ na-ehi ụra n'ihe dị ka elekere abụọ nke ụtụtụ n'oge obodo, ọ dara ogbugbu ma ghara izere ihe mberede.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/03/knock-in-night.html|title=A Knock in the Night|date=March 21, 2010|accessdate=March 25, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325081955/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/03/knock-in-night.html|archivedate=March 25, 2010}}</ref> Na Machị 31, 2010, Sunderland gbara Cape Horn gburugburu - ebe ndịda nke [[South Amerika|South America]] - na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri kachasị nta mere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abbysunderland.com/|title=Abby Sunderland Becomes Youngest Person to Sail Around Cape Horn Alone|date=March 31, 2010|accessdate=March 31, 2010|archivedate=July 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707073643/http://www.abbysunderland.com/}}</ref> Ọ nwere oké osimiri siri ike na oké ifufe mgbe ọ na-eru nso, mana obere ifufe n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ tupu Cape Horn. N'April 24, 2010, Sunderland kwupụtara na ọ ga-akwụsị na [[Cape Town]] maka nrụzi na sistemụ ụgbọ ala ya, na-akwụsị mgbalị ya na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/outposts/2010/04/abby-sunderlands-mission-to-sail-solo-around-the-world-without-stopping-is-derailed-.html|author=James|first=Mike|title=Abby Sunderland's mission to sail solo around the world without stopping is derailed|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 25, 2010|accessdate=April 25, 2010}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, o mere atụmatụ ịga n'ihu na njem gburugburu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/04/news.html|title=News|date=April 24, 2010|accessdate=April 24, 2010|archivedate=October 16, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016025152/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/04/news.html}}</ref> Sunderland nwere usoro abụọ dị iche iche nke autopilot ma ha abụọ dara. O nwere ike ịgbanwe akụkụ n'etiti ha iji mee ka otu na-aga ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana mgbapụta mere ka nkwụsị nrụzi dị mkpa. Ọ rutere Cape Town na Mee 5, 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/05/well-i-made-it-into-cape-town-today.html|title=Well, I Made It into Cape Town Today|date=May 5, 2010|accessdate=May 6, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614183229/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/05/well-i-made-it-into-cape-town-today.html|archivedate=June 14, 2010}}</ref> Sunderland hapụrụ Cape Town na Friday, May 21, 2010, na-agbagha nkwenkwe ụgha megide ịmalite njem ụgbọ mmiri na Friday, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/05/cape-town-final-days.html|title=Cape Town - Final Days|date=May 20, 2010|accessdate=May 20, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524091022/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/05/cape-town-final-days.html|archivedate=May 24, 2010}}</ref> ma na-ekwu, "M ga-akwụsị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị m mkpa. " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://explorersweb.com/oceans/news.php?id=19379|title=Abby Sunderland sets sail from Cape Town|accessdate=May 21, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530064358/http://www.explorersweb.com/oceans/news.php?id=19379|archivedate=May 30, 2010}}</ref> N'oge a, ọ ga-abụ na ọbịbịa ya na Cabo San Lucas ma ọ bụ gaa Marina del Rey ga-abụ n'August ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya Septemba. N'ihe dị ka Mee 24, 2010, otu akara tọrọ n'akụkụ elu nke osisi ya. Sunderland gbalịrị ịrịgo osisi ahụ mana ọ hụrụ na ọ dị oke egwu n'ọnọdụ oké ifufe na ọchịchịrị zuru oke, ya mere ọ banyere n'ụgbọ mmiri n'abalị ahụ niile n'okpuru ụgbọ mmiri dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/05/tale-from-sea.html|title=Tale from the Sea|publisher=Soloround.blogspot.com|date=May 27, 2010|accessdate=November 19, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016030715/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/05/tale-from-sea.html|archivedate=October 16, 2010}}</ref> === Ịkwụsị na ịzọpụta n'Oké Osimiri India === [[Usòrò:Recent_Extreme_Teen_Athletic_Attempts_Stir_Debate.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=0:53|thumb|VOA's Carolyn Presutti examines reactions to the precocity of Abby Sunderland's circumnavigation attempt.]] N'ụtụtụ June 10, 2010, Sunderland nọ na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na nnukwu ifufe ma nwee ọtụtụ nkụda mmụọ n'ime ime ime n'Oké Osimiri India n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke agwaetiti Kerguelen, ihe dị ka kilomita 2,000 (3,200 km) n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Australia.[1] Kọntaktị ekwentị Satellite furu efu ma ihe dị ka otu elekere gachara agbanyere mgbama redio mberede abụọ nke Sunderland jiri aka rụọ ọrụ.[2] Mgbama ọkụ nke atọ nke na-ebute na-akpaghị aka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-aga 15 ụkwụ (4.6 m) n'okpuru mmiri agbaghị ọkụ. Shipgbọ mmiri kacha nso kacha nso dị ihe dị ka kilomita 640 site n'ọkwa eletrọnịkị kọrọ ya. E bipụtara ọnọdụ mgbama ya n'oge ahụ dị ka 40°48′S 74°58′E / 40.800°S 74.967°E, ihe dịka 2,033 nautical miles (3,765 km; 2,340 mi) ọdịda anyanwụ-ndịda-ọdịda anyanwụ nke Perth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amsa.gov.au/About_AMSA/Corporate_information/Recent_Events/2010/June-WildEyes.asp|work=Australian Maritime Safety Authority|title=AMSA Providing Assistance in Search and Rescue - Wild Eyes - 11 June 2010 - 11:30am Update|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614050616/http://www.amsa.gov.au/About_AMSA/Corporate_information/Recent_Events/2010/June-WildEyes.asp|archivedate=2010-06-14}}</ref><ref name="cbsnews">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/abby-sunderland-teen-sailor-found-safe-at-sea/|title=Abby Sunderland, Teen Sailor, Found Safe At Sea|work=CBS News|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2010}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Teen_Sailor_Thanks_NASA_Team_for_Rescue.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumbtime=1:43|thumb|Abby's life was saved by a NASA-developed Personal Locator Beacon (PLB), which transmitted a distress signal to a Search and Rescue (SARSAT) satellite in orbit. On October 25, 2010, Abby visited NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to meet the team that developed this technology more than 30 years ago.]] N'ụtụtụ echi ya, ndị Australian Maritime Safety Authority zigara ụgbọ elu Qantas Airbus A330 na-ebu ndị njem n'ógbè ahụ na ndị na-ekiri ụgbọ elu SES 11 a zụrụ azụ na onye ọrụ FESA nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ.<ref name="OZtimes">{{Cite news|url=http://www.australia-times.com.au/world/article.php?id=6626|title=Search underway for missing US teen sailor|work=Australia Times|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2010|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.australia-times.com.au/world/article.php?id=6626|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụgbọelu ọchụchọ ahụ chere njem njem 4,700 (7,600) site na Perth gaa n'ụgbọ mmiri Sunderland, ebe dị nso na njedebe nke ebe ọ na-aga.<ref name="cbsnews" /> A hụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ihe dị ka nkeji iri mgbe ụgbọelu ahụ rutere ebe ọ na-achọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/top-stories/abby-sunderland-was-in-great-spirits-after-being-spotted-say-rescue-members/story-e6frg12l-1225878664410|first=Chris|author=Robinson|title='Abby Sunderland was in great spirits after being spotted' say rescue members|work=PerthNow|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 17, 2010}}</ref> N'oge dị mkpirikpi, a kpọtụrụ Sunderland na redio, onye kwuru na ọ gbazigharịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma merụọ ahụ. N'agbanyeghị egwu ndị e nwere n'oge gara aga na ụgbọ mmiri ya efunahụla keel ya ma tụgharịa, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kwụ ọtọ ma wepụ ya, ihe na-adọkpụ ya n'oké osimiri site na ogidi ahụ gbajiri agbaji, na-eme ka nnata ekwentị satellite ghara ikwe omume.<ref name="ABC863830" /><ref name="detnews.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.detnews.com/article/20100611/NATION/6110408/1020/Boats-head-to-U.S.-teen-sailor-drifting-in-Indian-Ocean|first=Rod|author=McGuirk|title=Boats head to U.S. teen sailor drifting in Indian Ocean|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mysailing.com.au/news/abby-sunderland-found-alive-and-upright|title=Abby Sunderland found alive and 'upright'|publisher=Mysailing.com.au|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=November 19, 2010|archivedate=October 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009130634/http://www.mysailing.com.au/news/abby-sunderland-found-alive-and-upright}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/abbys-father-believes-her-boat-is-upside-down/story-e6frg12c-1225878405854|title=Abby's father believed her boat was upside down|work=PerthNow|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2010|archive-date=June 12, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612182035/http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/abbys-father-believes-her-boat-is-upside-down/story-e6frg12c-1225878405854|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nne Sunderland kwuru na onye na-anya ụgbọelu ọchụchọ nke Australia gwara ya na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ịbụ na "oké ebili mmiri tụgharịrị". Nna ya kwuru na mbọ nwa ya nwanyị na-agba gburugburu agwụla. <ref name="ABC863830" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/06/teen-sailor-abby-sunderland-in-good-spirits-awaiting-rescue-in-indian-ocean/1|first=Doug|author=Stanglin|title=Teen sailor Abby Sunderland in 'good spirits' awaiting rescue in Indian Ocean|work=USA Today|date=June 11, 2010|accessdate=June 11, 2010}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Abby_Sunderland_map1.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ụzọ Sunderland si Jenụwarị-Junị 2010]] Ebe ụgbọ mmiri Sunderland na-agagharị agagharị anaghị agagharị. <ref name="AP_rescue_drama">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/wa-news/teenager-in-good-health-after-rescue-drama-20100612-y4bd.html|first=Aja|author=Styles|title=Teenager 'in good health' after rescue drama|work=The Age|date=June 12, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}</ref> Ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahịa ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ na-agafe agagharị. Ụlọ Ọrụ Nlekọta Nchebe nke Australian Maritime Authority jikọtara nzaghachi ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọ mmiri atọ na-aga ebe ahụ. Ụgbọ mmiri azụmaahịa nke France bụ Ile de la Réunion napụtara Sunderland n'ehihie na June 12, 2010. A na-eji ụgbọelu Global Express nke onwe ya eme ihe maka nnapụta ahụ, nke na-ezigakwa nkwukọrịta n'etiti ya na ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ tupu ndị ọrụ ya ebido obere ụgbọ mmiri iji buru ya site na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere nkwarụ.<ref name="LAT rescue">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jun-12-la-fgw-abby-sunderland-20100613-story.html|first=Jennifer|author=Bennett|title=Solo sailor Abby Sunderland rescued|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 12, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}</ref> Na nkwupụta nke Australian Maritime Safety Authority kwuru "Onye nwe Ile De La Réunion kọrọ na Ms. Sunderland dị mma ma nwee ahụike dị mma. " <ref name="AP_rescue_drama" /> N'oge nnapụta ya, nke mere n'oké osimiri siri ike, onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri French na-egbu azụ dara n'ime mmiri ma "na-egbute ya n'ọnọdụ siri ike". <ref name="Harris" /> Na Thousand Oaks, California, Laurence Sunderland gwara ndị nta akụkọ "Ọ si n'ụgbọ mmiri ya pụta na uwe ya n'azụ ya. " <ref>Watkins, Thomas, ''[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hLJkAvvDTrkiJLJJnmS3pipmVVDgD9G9MKLG0 French fishing boat rescues stranded Calif. teen]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}'', AP, June 12, 2010. </ref> N'ụgbọ Ile de la Réunion Sunderland dere na "otu ogologo ebili mmiri" mere ka ụgbọ mmiri ya Wild Eyes, nke a gbahapụrụ n'oké osimiri. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/us-teen-sailor-on-way-to-french-island-20100613-y549.html|title=US teen sailor on way to French island|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=June 13, 2010|accessdate=December 21, 2010}}</ref> Ile de la Reunion kpọgara Sunderland na Kerguelen Islands ebe ọ banyere n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị nche France, ''Osiris'', maka njem ụbọchị 8 gaa Reunion Island.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gkhTD90JF9hl_js4rFNNmxLFCDWgD9GI9VL00|title=Brother braces to greet US teen sailor|accessdate=June 25, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628064539/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gkhTD90JF9hl_js4rFNNmxLFCDWgD9GI9VL00|archivedate=June 28, 2010}}</ref> ==== Ọnụ ego nnapụta ==== Ndị Australia na ndị France na-atụ ụtụ isi bu ụfọdụ n'ime mmefu maka nnapụta Sunderland na gọọmentị Australia kwupụtara na site na iwu, a pụghị ịkwụ ya ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ya ụgwọ maka mmefu ahụ.<ref name="bill">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/australian-taxpayers-to-pay-for-us-teen-sailor-abby-sunderlands-ocean-rescue/story-fn3dxity-1225879042131|title=Australian taxpayers to pay for US teen sailor Abby Sunderland's ocean rescue|date=June 13, 2010|work=[[The Australian]]|accessdate=June 13, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-12/australia-to-foot-bill-for-teen-sailors-rescue/863964|title=Australia to foot bill for teen sailor's rescue|date=June 12, 2010|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=June 13, 2010|archivedate=November 11, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111072523/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-12/australia-to-foot-bill-for-teen-sailors-rescue/863964}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/solo-sailor-abby-sunderland-found-australia-to-fund-search/story-e6frfkyi-1225878612787|title=Solo sailor Abby Sunderland found and Australia is to foot the bill|date=June 11, 2010|work=News.com.au|accessdate=June 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613160343/http://www.news.com.au/world/solo-sailor-abby-sunderland-found-australia-to-fund-search/story-e6frfkyi-1225878612787|archive-date=June 13, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/05/french-tourists-high-risk-trips|first=Lizzy|author=Davies|title=French tourists may be billed if high-risk trips go wrong|date=July 5, 2010|work=Guardian|accessdate=July 5, 2010}}</ref> A kọwo na ụgbọelu Qantas na-eji achọpụta na ọ na-efu A $ 10,000 kwa awa iji rụọ ọrụ.<ref name="bill" /> Ọnụ ego ngụkọta nke nnapụta mba ụwa na-eme atụmatụ site na mgbasa ozi ka ọ ruo £ 116,000 (A $ 200,000) ma ọ bụ A $ 300,000 dabere na isi iyi.<ref name="payrescue" /><ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/national/rescued-teen-sailors-team-too-poor-to-salvage-lost-yacht/story-e6freuzr-1225879654300|title=Rescued teen sailor's 'team' too poor to salvage lost yacht|work=Daily Telegraph (Australia)|date=June 15, 2010|accessdate=June 15, 2010}}</ref> A katọrọ ndị otu ya maka enweghị enyemaka maka ego nnapụta. The Daily Telegraph kwuru na "ndị otu onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-eto eto Abby Sunderland etinyeghị otu cents maka nnapụta ya mana ha ka gbalịrị ime ka ọha na eze kwụọ ụgwọ maka nzọpụta ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. " Dị ka International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea si kwuo, ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla nke mba ọ bụla dị nso na oku nsogbu chọrọ inye aka n'efu. <ref name="telegraph" /> Na France, a tụwo aro iwu na a ga-achọ ka ndị njem nleta kwụọ ụgwọ gọọmentị maka ego nnapụta ma ọ bụrụ na ha "maara na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị 'ezi ebumnuche' n'ime ala dị ize ndụ. " <ref name="payrescue">{{Cite web|url=http://www.yachtingmonthly.com/news/483256/yachtsmen-to-pay-for-own-rescue|first=Richard|author=Durham|title=Yachtsmen to pay for own rescue?|work=Yachting Monthly|date=July 8, 2010|accessdate=July 14, 2010|archivedate=July 18, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718133301/http://www.yachtingmonthly.com/news/483256/yachtsmen-to-pay-for-own-rescue}}</ref> Mgbe a napụtara ya, Sunderland kwuru na ọ na-atụ anya ịga gburugburu ụwa ọzọ n'ọdịnihu.<ref name="Fox">{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/06/12/rescued-teen-sailor-wants-second-attempt-solo-record/|title=Rescued U.S. Teen Sailor Wants Second Attempt at Solo Record|publisher=Fox News|date=June 12, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archive-date=June 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613181415/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/06/12/rescued-teen-sailor-wants-second-attempt-solo-record/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 2023, ọ dịghị ihe omume dị otú ahụ mere.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Nkwekọrịta ihe ngosi telivishọn === Mgbe nnapụta Sunderland gasịrị, ''New York Post'' kọrọ na mgbe ọ hapụrụ Marina del Rey na mgbalị ya ịgba gburugburu, nna ya bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Magnetic Entertainment maka ihe ngosi telivishọn banyere ezinụlọ ya a na-akpọ Adventures in Sunderland ma kwuo na ọ na-ekwu, sị: "Ihe ngosi ahụ nwere ike ịbụ maka ezinụlọ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ banyere njem Abigail. Ọ bụ ihe a zụrụ gburugburu ya. " <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/sail_kid_parents_set_cour_for_tv_crGRuKCVBcBCM5v3s23ULK|first=Anita|author=Bennett|title=Abby Sunderland's Dad Had TV Deal as Girl Risked Life at Sea|work=New York Post|date=June 14, 2010|accessdate=December 21, 2010}}</ref> Na blọọgụ ya, ezinụlọ ahụ mechara dee, "A zụrụ ihe ngosi ahụ ma ọ gaghị ere [...] Enweghị ihe ngosi TV ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi ma ọ bụ akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ ma anyị agaghị abụ".<ref name="blogJune15">{{Cite web|url=http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/06/answers-to-critics.html|title=Abby's Blog: Clarifying Misinformation|publisher=Soloround.blogspot.com|date=June 15, 2010|accessdate=November 19, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016030114/http://soloround.blogspot.com/2010/06/answers-to-critics.html|archivedate=October 16, 2010}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri === Sunderland bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri nke nna ya mepụtara ma duzie nke akpọrọ Wild Eyes: The Abby Sunderland Story . E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na Septemba 8, 2011. <ref>{{IMDb title|1939787|Wild Eyes: The Abby Sunderland Story}}.</ref> === Akwụkwọ === Sunderland wepụtara akwụkwọ banyere ahụhụ ya na Eprel 12, 2011. E dere akwụkwọ ahụ na Lynn Vincent ma kpọọ ya Unsinkable: A Young Woman's Courageous Battle on the High Seas . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aolnews.com/2010/12/20/abby-sunderland-teenage-solo-sailor-where-is-she-now/|first=Max|author=Strasser|title=Abby Sunderland, Teenage Solo Sailor: Where Is She Now?|publisher=AOL News|date=December 20, 2010|accessdate=December 21, 2010|archive-date=December 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221052903/http://www.aolnews.com/2010/12/20/abby-sunderland-teenage-solo-sailor-where-is-she-now/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Abby|author=Sunderland|title=Unsinkable: A Young Woman's Courageous Battle on the High Seas|location=Nashville|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4002-0308-6|oclc=676728831|url=https://archive.org/details/unsinkableyoungw00sund}}</ref> Ọ nọwo na-aga njem ịbịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, ebe a kpughere na ọ na-amụta ịnya ụgbọ elu, iji nwee ike ife gburugburu ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hometownannapolis.com/news/top/2011/05/11-39/Teen-proves-shes-unsinkable.html|first=Diane M.|author=Rey|title=Teen proves she's 'unsinkable'|work=The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland)|date=May 11, 2011|accessdate=May 13, 2011}}</ref> === Ndụ onwe onye === Sunderland lụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha mmiri US Justin T. Sims, nke Centreville, Alabama. Na 2018 nna ya gwara ndị mgbasa ozi Australia na ya bi na Alabama, ebe o nwere ụmụ atọ, ya na otu n'ụzọ..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-03/wild-eyes-find-prompts-emotional-response-from-abby-sunderland/10681704|title=Wild Eyes yacht find prompts emotional reaction from former sailor Abby Sunderland|date=January 3, 2019|work=www.abc.net.au|accessdate=January 3, 2019|archivedate=January 3, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103203745/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-03/wild-eyes-find-prompts-emotional-response-from-abby-sunderland/10681704}}</ref> === A chọtara ''Anya Ọhịa'' === N'afọ 2018, ụgbọ mmiri kwaturu ahụrụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke agwaetiti Kangaroo bụ Anya Anụ ọhịa.[1] [2] Foto akụkọ na-egosi na ọ tụfuru keel ya. Agaghị echekwa ya ọ gwụla ma ọ nwere ihe egwu maka mbupu ma ọ bụ bata n'ikpere mmiri. == Hụkwa == * Ịgagharị n'Ụgbọ Mmiri * Ndepụta nke ndị ntorobịa na-agba gburugburu == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sunderland, Abby}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dsmvkhqjxzysbrof9ni7q3zthi2z454 0 53259 741788 729831 2026-10-27T13:25:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741788 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Cycliste_à_place_d'Italie-Paris_crop.jpg|thumb|Ịnyịnya ígwè obodo, otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị a ma ama maka ịgagharị]] Mbugharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ngagharị dị nro, njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ụgbọ njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma ọ bụ ụgbọ njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike bụ ibufe ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ngwa ahịa, site n'ụzọ na-abụghị moto, dabere na gburugburu mmega ahụ mmadụ.[1] Ụdị mmegharị ahụ a kacha mara amara bụ ịga ije na ịgba ígwè, ọ bụ ezie na ụdịdị ndị ọzọ gụnyere ịgba ọsọ, ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, skoota ịgba ụkwụ na skate skate.[2] N'ihi mgbasa ya, a na-atụle ịgba ígwè mgbe ụfọdụ iche iche na ụdị mmegharị ahụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bicycling for Transportation|date=2018|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-812642-4|language=en|doi=10.1016/c2016-0-03936-0}}</ref> Amụma ọhaneze na-akwalite mmegharị mmegharị ahụ na-eme ka ihe ngosi ahụike dịkwuo mma site n'ịbawanye ọkwa ahụike anụ ahụ yana ibelata ọnụego oke ibu na ọrịa shuga, [1] [2] ebe ọ na-ebelata oriri nke mmanụ ọkụ na ikuku carbon na-esi na ya pụta.[3]. E gosipụtara amụma ndị a na-ebute mmụba dị ukwuu na njem ụgbọ njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka njem: dịka ọmụmaatụ Portland, Oregon, nwere ike ịbawanye iji igwe igwe ugboro ise site na 1990 ruo 2009 site na mmemme ịgba ígwè.[4] Nnyocha egosiwo na mmemme ọkwa obodo dị irè karịa ịgba ume ngagharị na-arụ ọrụ n'ọkwa onye ọ bụla<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Audrey|first=Suzanne|date=December 2019|title=Evaluation of an intervention to promote walking during the commute to work: a cluster randomised controlled trial|journal=BMC Public Health|language=en|volume=19|issue=1|pages=427|doi=10.1186/s12889-019-6791-4|issn=1471-2458|pmid=31014313}}</ref> == Ahụike == Uru ahụike nke ngagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike gụnyere ibelata nrụgide obodo, mbelata oriri ike na mmepụta, yana nkwalite ndụ dị mma.[1] Ụgbọ njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-egbochi ohere nke ọrịa na-egbu egbu sitere na mmetọ na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.[2] Mkpọgharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eme ka ahụike dịkwuo mma site na ibelata mmetọ ikuku site na ụgbọ ala.[3] Agbanyeghị, nsogbu ahụike na-adịghị mma nwere ike ibilite site na ndụ anaghị arụ ọrụ na ịnọ nkịtị. Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkwa Ọrịa na United States na-atụ aro ịbawanye ohere njem njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike.[4] Ọtụtụ ihe ọmụmụ US na-akwado maka ịba ụba nke njem njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka onye ọ bụla, gụnyere ụmụaka, n'ihi ọtụtụ uru ahụike. Ndị na-anọkarị otu ebe nwere ike belata BMI ha site n'ịbawanye mmega ahụ.<ref name="Dons">{{Cite journal|author=Dons|first=E|year=2018|title=Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study|journal=Environment International|volume=119|issue=119|pages=109–116|doi=10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023|pmid=29957352|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/152336/1/Dons2018_preprint_BMI.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003221321/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/152336/1/Dons2018_preprint_BMI.pdf|archive-date=2024-10-03|access-date=2024-10-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otu House of Commons nke Kọmitii Ahụike nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] kọrọ banyere oke ibu na 2004 tụrụ aro ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije dị ka isi ihe iji lụso oke ibu ọgụ.<ref>House of Commons Health Committee, Obesity – Third Report of Session 2003–04 </ref> Public Health England mere atụmatụ na 2016 na na UK, enweghị ọrụ anụ ahụ na-enye aka na otu onye n'ime mmadụ isii na-anwụ kwa afọ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Physical activity: applying All Our Health|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-applying-all-our-health/physical-activity-applying-all-our-health|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> Akụkọ PHE na-ekwu na ịga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè kwa ụbọchị dị irè iji mụbaa mmega ahụ ma belata oke ibu, yana igbochi ọrịa obi, ụdị ọrịa shuga nke abụọ, ọrịa kansa na ọtụtụ ọrịa uche, gụnyere ịda mbà n'obi.<ref name=":1" /> [[Usòrò:Bike_path_in_the_rain.jpg|thumb|Ndị na-emega ahụ na-agagharị agagharị n'ụbọchị mmiri na-ezo]] Mmega ahụ na-eme ka ahụike uche na ahụike dị mma.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health, and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study|author=Ione Avila-Palencia|journal=Environment International|volume=120|pages=199–206|date=2018|doi=10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.002|pmid=30098553}}</ref> Ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na ndị na-aga ije na-ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha n'ụzọ dị iche karịa ndị na-anya ụgbọala n'ihi na ụgbọala na-egbochi ihe mmetụta nke na-ekpughe njem na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Orellana|first=D.|title=A Multidisciplinary Analytical Framework for Studying Active Mobility Patterns|date=2016-06-08|url=http://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLI-B2/527/2016/|journal=ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences|language=en|volume=XLI-B2|pages=527–534|doi=10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B2-527-2016|issn=2194-9034}}</ref> Ndị na-akwado ịgagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ekwusi ike na ihe omume ndị dị ka ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije na-akwalite mmetụta nke obodo na njikọ, na-eme ka ahụike uche dị mma na ọdịmma zuru oke.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Scrivano|first=Luana|title=Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world|journal=Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health|date=2024|volume=11|doi=10.1017/gmh.2023.74|pmid=38390252}}</ref> Inye ezigbo akụrụngwa maka ịgagharị na-akwalite ụdị njem a iji belata okporo ụzọ na mkpọchi obodo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Zhou|first=Q.|date=March 2020|title=Effects of improvements in non-motorised transport facilities on active mobility demand in a residential township|journal=Journal of Transport & Health|language=en|volume=16|pages=100835|doi=10.1016/j.jth.2020.100835}}</ref> Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije nwere ike ịchekwa ego site na ibelata ego a na-emefu na gasoline.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Giorgio Guariso|date=2017-08-24|title=Assessing the Value of Systematic Cycling in a Polluted Urban Environment|journal=Climate|language=en|volume=5|issue=3|pages=65|doi=10.3390/cli5030065|issn=2225-1154}}</ref> Nsonaazụ nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije gụnyere mmụba nke mmetọ ikuku, mkpọtụ, na ihe mberede ugboro ugboro.<ref name=":3" /> Ịgba ígwè na-ebelata mkpa maka nnukwu okporo ụzọ na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ka ịnyịnya ígwè na-ewe 8% nke ohere dịnụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụgbọala.<ref name=":3" /> Ka ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije na-abawanye, enwere ike ịgbanwe akụrụngwa obodo ka ọ bụrụ ogige ntụrụndụ iji gbakwunye oghere ahịhịa ndụ na gburugburu obodo.<ref name=":3" /> Ebe ndị mara mma nwere ike ịghọ ebe kachasị mma maka ịga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè n'obodo ukwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vich|first=Guillem|date=March 2019|title=Green streetscape and walking: Exploring active mobility patterns in dense and compact cities|journal=Journal of Transport & Health|language=en|volume=12|pages=50–59|doi=10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.003|url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/203496}}</ref> A pụkwara ịgbanwe gburugburu obodo ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-agagharị agagharị, nke nwere ike ịba uru nye ndị agadi, mana nchekwa nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu ma ọ bụrụ na ebe ndị ụgbọala jupụtara.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|author=Lee|first=Jae Seung|date=December 2013|title=Safely active mobility for urban baby boomers: The role of neighborhood design|journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention|language=en|volume=61|pages=153–166|doi=10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.008|pmid=23777888}}</ref> Ịmepụta ebe ndị dị nchebe na-agagharị n'obodo ukwu nwere ike ịbawanye ewu ewu nke ịga ije, belata enweghị ọrụ, ma melite ahụike.<ref name=":4" /> Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè eletrik na-erite uru site na ụdị mmega ahụ a. N'obodo asaa dị na Europe, ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè eletrik nwere 10% dị elu kwa izu karịa ndị ọzọ na-agba ígwè.<ref name="Castro">{{Cite journal|author=Castro|first=A|title=Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities|journal=Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives|volume=1|pages=100017|year=2019|doi=10.1016/j.trip.2019.100017}}</ref> Ndị na-agbanwe na e-bike site na ụgbọala onwe ha ma ọ bụ ụgbọ njem ọha na eze na-emefu ike ka mmega ahụ na-abawanye, na-enweta n'etiti 550 na 880 Metabolic Equivalent Task nkeji kwa izu.<ref name="Castro" /> Ịnyịnya ígwè eletrik nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wild|first=Kirsty|date=2021-07-07|title=Gender and the E-bike: Exploring the Role of Electric Bikes in Increasing Women's Access to Cycling and Physical Activity|url=https://activetravelstudies.org/article/id/991/|journal=Active Travel Studies|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.16997/ats.991|issn=2732-4184}}</ref> == Ebe obibi == Uru gburugburu ebe obibi nke ịgagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike bụ ibelata gas na-ekpo ọkụ iji belata [[Okpomọkụ gburugburu ụwa|okpomọkụ ụwa]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fraser|first=Simon D. S.|date=2011-12-01|title=Cycling for transport and public health: a systematic review of the effect of the environment on cycling|url=https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/21/6/738/493197|journal=European Journal of Public Health|language=en|volume=21|issue=6|pages=738–743|doi=10.1093/eurpub/ckq145|pmid=20929903|issn=1101-1262}}</ref> Kwa afọ, ụgbọ ala na-ewepụta 4.6 metric ton nke carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=OAR|date=2016-01-12|title=Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle|url=https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=US EPA|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka gas na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, carbon dioxide dị na ikuku na-eme ngwa ngwa mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=Jørgensen|first=Susanne V.|date=2014-04-01|title=Assessment of urgent impacts of greenhouse gas emissions—the climate tipping potential (CTP)|journal=The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|pages=919–930|doi=10.1007/s11367-013-0693-y|issn=1614-7502}}</ref> Ka ojiji ụgbọala na-abawanye ikuku gas na-ekpo ọkụ, ọnụego nke ụwa anyị na-eru n'ókè ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-arịwanye elu.<ref name=":5" /> Ịgagharị na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebelata kwa ụbọchị, na-ebepụ ebe ndị a na-agbadata.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|author=Keall|first=Michael D.|date=2018-12-01|title=Reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from an intervention to promote cycling and walking: A case study from New Zealand|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136192091830419X|journal=Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment|language=en|volume=65|pages=687–696|doi=10.1016/j.trd.2018.10.004|issn=1361-9209}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na [[New Zealand]], achọpụtala na njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike iji belata ikuku carbon dioxide site na 1% kwa afọ.<ref name=":6" /> N'ime nnyocha nke obodo asaa dị [[Obodo Békè|Ndị Europe]], a chọpụtara na mgbanwe ndị ọ bụla na njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-abịa na uru dị ukwuu nke ikuku carbon, ọbụlagodi na obodo ukwu dị na Europe nke nwere oke ịga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref name="PASTA2">{{Cite journal|author=Brand|first=Christian|date=2021|title=The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities|journal=Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment|volume=93|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.trd.2021.102764}}</ref> Mmụba nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè ma ọ bụ ịga ije n'otu n'otu belatara ikuku CO2 metụtara ndụ. Onye ọ bụla na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè 1 njem / ụbọchị ọzọ ma na-akwọ 1 njem / Ụbọchị na-erughị ụbọchị 200 n'afọ ga-ebelata ikuku CO2 metụtara njem site na ihe dị ka tọn 0.5 karịa otu afọ.<ref name="PASTA">{{Cite journal|author=Brand|first=Christian|date=2021|title=The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities|journal=Global Environmental Change|volume=67|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224}}</ref> Mmetọ ikuku na mkpọtụ bụ mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke njem ụgbọ ala. Mmetọ ikuku na-emetụta ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi adịghị mma.[1] Mmetọ ikuku nwere ike ime ka [[mmiri ozuzo acid]], eutrophication, haze, ọnwụ anụ ọhịa, mbelata oyi akwa ozone nke Ụwa, mmebi ihe ọkụkụ, na mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ.[1] Mkpọtụ mmetọ na-akpaghasị gburugburu ebe obibi na anụ ọhịa.[2] Ịgagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ebelata mmetọ ikuku na mkpọtụ site n'ịnọchite anya ụgbọ ala ndị na-emepụta gas na mkpọtụ, na-erite uru na gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi obodo.<ref name=":3"/> == Nzaghachi gọọmentị == [[Usòrò:Victoria_W6-V9-2.svg|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama n'okporo ụzọ na Victoria, Australia]] Ịgagharị n'ihu na-arịọ ndị na-eme iwu n'ihi onyinye bara uru ọ na-enye na ahụike anụ ahụ na mbelata nke mmetọ ikuku, <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Pucher|first=John|date=2010-01-01|title=Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743509004344|journal=Preventive Medicine|language=en|volume=50|pages=S106–S125|doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028|pmid=19765610|issn=0091-7435}}</ref> na-eduga na mbọ ndị omeiwu na-eme iji mee ka ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije dị nchebe ma na-adọrọ mmasị maka njem na ọrụ onwe onye. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mackenbach|first=Joreintje Dingena|date=March 2016|title=The Influence of Urban Land-Use and Public Transport Facilities on Active Commuting in Wellington, New Zealand: Active Transport Forecasting Using the WILUTE Model|journal=Sustainability|language=en|volume=8|issue=3|pages=242|doi=10.3390/su8030242}}</ref> Nzọụkwụ ndị a gụnyere mgbanwe akụrụngwa iji kwado ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na ndị na-aga ije n'okporo ụzọ, iwu iji belata okporo ụzọ ụgbọ ala, <ref name=":8" /> na agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ iji melite nhazi n'etiti ụgbọala na ndị mmadụ na-eji njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike. <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|author=Pucher|first=John|date=2003-09-01|title=Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health: Lessons From The Netherlands and Germany|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-public-health_2003-09_93_9/page/1509|journal=American Journal of Public Health|volume=93|issue=9|pages=1509–1516|doi=10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1509|issn=0090-0036|pmid=12948971}}</ref> Mmepe nke akụrụngwa nke jikọtara ya na mmụba nke ịgagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike bụ okporo ụzọ sara mbara, ọkụ n'okporo ámá, ala dị larịị, na ahịhịa ndụ n'obodo ukwu, ọkachasị na ohere ịbanye n'ogige ntụrụndụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cervero|first=Robert|date=1997-09-01|title=Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920997000096|journal=Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment|language=en|volume=2|issue=3|pages=199–219|doi=10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00009-6|issn=1361-9209}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vich|first=Guillem|date=2019-03-01|title=Green streetscape and walking: Exploring active mobility patterns in dense and compact cities|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140518303281|journal=Journal of Transport & Health|language=en|volume=12|pages=50–59|doi=10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.003|issn=2214-1405}}</ref> Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè karịsịa chọrọ mmepe nke akụrụngwa iji nweta mmụba dị ịrịba ama n'iji ya eme ihe, gụnyere: * Okporo ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè: ụzọ dị iche n'okporo ụzọ a na-ahụkarị nke a họpụtara site na akara na akara okporo ámá ka echekwa maka ịnyịnya ígwè. * Igbe ịnyịnya ígwè: ebe ndị dị na nkuku a họpụtara maka ịnyịnya ígwè iji nọrọ mgbe ọ kwụsịrị. * Ebe ịnyịnya ígwè na-akwụsị: ebe ndị a na-adọba ụgbọala pụrụ iche nke na-agụnyekwa ngwá ọrụ ndị bụ isi maka mmezi ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref name=":8"/> Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta ekwuputala na onyinye kachasị ukwuu maka ịgagharị na-abịa site na ịnweta ihe ntụrụndụ dị mfe dị ka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ ahịa, na ụlọ ihe nkiri, nke gọọmentị ime obodo nwere ike ịkwalite.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fan|first=Jessie X.|date=2014-11-01|title=An ecological analysis of environmental correlates of active commuting in urban U.S.|url=|journal=Health & Place|language=en|volume=30|pages=242–250|doi=10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.09.014|pmid=25460907|issn=1353-8292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dogan|first=Timur|date=2020-01-02|title=Urbano: A Tool to Promote Active Mobility Modeling and Amenity Analysis in Urban Design|journal=Technology{{!}}Architecture + Design|volume=4|issue=1|pages=92–105|doi=10.1080/24751448.2020.1705716|issn=2475-1448}}</ref> Nchegbu dị ịrịba ama banyere mmụba nke ịgagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike bụ mmụba kwekọrọ na mmerụ ahụ na ọnwụ, ọkachasị n'etiti ndị na-aga ije ma ọ bụ ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na ụgbọala.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lindsay|first=Graeme|date=2011|title=Moving urban trips from cars to bicycles: impact on health and emissions|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=54–60|doi=10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00621.x|pmid=21299701|issn=1753-6405}}</ref> Ịgagharị n'ọrụ nwere ike na-eri oge karịa ịgagharị n'ụgbọala, na mmetụta nke ebe dị anya, ihe ndị dị na ala dị ka ugwu, na ihu igwe nwere ike ime ka ịrụsi ọrụ ike n'èzí ghara ịdị mma ma ọ bụ ghara ịdị irè.<ref name="Rietveld 531–550">{{Cite journal|author=Rietveld|first=Piet|date=2004-08-01|title=Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?|url=https://archive.org/details/transportation-research-part-a-policy-and-practice_2004-08_38a_7/page/531|journal=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice|language=en|volume=38|issue=7|pages=531–550|doi=10.1016/j.tra.2004.05.003|issn=0965-8564}}</ref> Nkatọ ọzọ nke iwu njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ekwu na ịgbanwere okporo ụzọ maka iji ịnyịnya ígwè eme njem na-eme ka njem sie ike maka ndị njem ga-enwe ụgbọala.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-19|title=Dangerous 'road diets' are starving LA of common sense: Susan Shelley|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2017/09/19/dangerous-road-diets-are-starving-la-of-common-sense-susan-shelley/|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=Daily News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ịgagharị agagharị site na mba == === Njikọ Europe === [[Usòrò:Juist,_Carl-Stegmann-Straße_-_panoramio.jpg|alt=Carfree Juist, Germany|thumb|Juist na-enweghị ụgbọala, Germany]] European Union's Mobility and Transport organization gụnyere ịkwalite ịga ije na ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè n'etiti atụmatụ ya iji mee ka njem na-adịgide adịgide na Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=John|date=2016-09-22|title=Sustainable transport|url=https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/sustainable_en|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=Mobility and Transport - European Commission|language=en}}</ref> European Union anabatala ebumnuche Vision Zero iji kpochapụ ọnwụ okporo ụzọ niile, na-achọ ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe omume n'etiti ndị na-agafe agafe na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na ụgbọala, ebe ndị a na-akpatakarị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobility and transport|url=https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/home_en|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=Mobility and transport - European Commission|language=en}}</ref> N'ịbụ ndị kewapụrụ na European Union, ọtụtụ obodo na mpaghara Europe guzobere otu nzukọ, Polis, na 1989 iji hazie mbọ dị n'etiti gọọmentị ime obodo na European Union iji melite arụmọrụ nke njem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Polis|url=https://www.polisnetwork.eu/who-we-are/about-polis/|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=Polis Network|language=en-US}}</ref> Nke a na-agụnye ime ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịgagharị, nke Polis na-ekwu na ọ na-enye uru na gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ọha na eze ma na-ekwusi ike na ọganihu ndị a na-enye aka na akụ na ụba.<ref>[https://www.polisnetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/lifecycle_promote-active-travel_handbook.pdf "Active Transportation Best Practices" (PDF)]. Polis Network. June 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</ref> Polis na-atụ aro na mkpebi iwu kwesịrị ịkọwa uru sitere na mbelata ahụike na ụgwọ gburugburu ebe obibi site na njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike, mmụba nke ohere obodo site na mbelata mkpọchi na mmetọ, ma tụlee ụkpụrụ gbasara imepụta ụgbọala iji dozie nchegbu nke nchekwa na ịdị mfe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211129162520/https://www.polisnetwork.morris-chapman.com/uploads/Modules/PublicDocuments/polis-paper-securing-the-health-benefits-of-active-travel-in-europe.pdf "Securing the health benefits of active travel in Europe" (PDF)]. Polis Network. November 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</ref> Polis na-agba ume mmepe nke Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) iji duzie ọrụ njem n'obodo niile. <ref>[https://www.polisnetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/POLIS_Brochure2020-web.pdf "Polis: Cities and Regions for Transport Innovation" (PDF)]. Polis Network. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</ref> === Netherlands === [[Usòrò:Cycling_Fatalities_in_the_Netherlands_Graph.png|thumb|Ọnwụ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na Netherlands site na 2007 ruo 2016.]] A na-eji agagharị agagharị eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na [[Netherlands]], gụnyere ihe karịrị 40% nke njem n'ime ime obodo.[1] Ọdịdị dị larịị na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nke Netherlands na-erite uru mmegharị ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, nke amụma gọọmentị kwadoro kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ, [2] gụnyere kilomita 35,000 nke ụzọ ịgba ígwè raara onwe ya nye.[3] N'ihi ya, gọọmentị Dutch na-eme atụmatụ na e nwere ihe dị ka igwe igwe 1.3 maka onye ọ bụla na Netherlands.[3] Ihe si na nke a pụta bụ na ihe dị ka 20% nke ndị na-egbu ihe mberede okporo ụzọ Dutch bụ ndị na-agba ígwè, ihe karịrị 100 ndị na-agba ígwè na-anwụ kwa afọ.[4] Ọnụego ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ a dị elu karịa ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe, na-egosipụta oke ojiji nke ngagharị na-arụ ọrụ na Netherlands.[4] Otú ọ dị, mgbalị amụma nke Ministry of Industry and Water Management[5] nwere ike iso mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ na-ebelata, bụ nke dara karịa 30% site na 2007 ruo 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Zaken|first=Ministerie van Algemene|date=2017-06-09|title=Safe cycling - Bicycles - Government.nl|url=https://www.government.nl/topics/bicycles/safe-cycling|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=www.government.nl|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":10">[https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/statistics/dacota/bfs20xx_cyclists.pdf "Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2018: Cyclists" (PDF)]. European Commission. European Road Safety Observatory. 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</ref> === Singapore === Land Transport Authority (LTA) nke Singapore na-achụso ebumnuche ekwupụtara iji gbakwunye usoro njem na "nhọrọ ije na ịnyịnya ígwè".<ref>{{Cite web|title=LTA {{!}} Who We Are|url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/who_we_are.html/#our_work|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=www.lta.gov.sg}}</ref> N'ịgbaso atụmatụ nnwale nke etinyere n'ógbè Tampines, Minista nke Transport gosipụtara atụmatụ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè nke mba na 2013 iji nye ụzọ iji jikọta ịgba ịnyịnya na usoro Mass Rapid Transit nke Singapore. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|author=Meng|first=M.|date=2014-10-01|title=Influences of urban characteristics on cycling: Experiences of four cities|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670714000481|journal=Sustainable Cities and Society|language=en|volume=13|pages=78–88|doi=10.1016/j.scs.2014.05.001|issn=2210-6707}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MOT Singapore – Gain new perspectives on land, sea & air transport|url=http://www.mot.gov.sg/About-MOT/Land-Transport/Cycling/|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=www.mot.gov.sg|language=en|archivedate=5 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305195350/https://www.mot.gov.sg/About-MOT/Land-Transport/Cycling/}}</ref> Nke a gụnyere ụzọ 190 kilomita, ọtụtụ puku ebe a na-adọba ịnyịnya ígwè, akara, na agụmakwụkwọ ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè. Otú ọ dị, a katọrọ mgbalị ndị a dị ka ndị a kpaara ókè, karịsịa maka igbochi mgbasawanye nke ịnweta ịnyịnya ígwè na njikọ ndị na-abụghị ụzọ, dịka site na Park Connectors Network, karịa ihe ndị ọzọ maka ịgagharị n'obodo ukwu.<ref name=":12" /> === United Kingdom === Association of Directors of Public Health na United Kingdom, nke ihe karịrị otu narị ndị bịanyere aka na ya gụnyere Sustrans na Royal College of Physicians sonyeere na akwụkwọ ọnọdụ na njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike, setịpụrụ ọtụtụ usoro iwu doro anya a tụrụ aro maka atụmatụ mpaghara na ndị isi okporo ụzọ, gụnyere: * Ogologo ọsọ 20 mph (32 km / h) maka ebe obibi.&nbsp;&nbsp; * Okporo ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè nke na-enye maka njem dị mfe na nke bara uru. * Agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na mmanye iwu iji melite nchekwa okporo ụzọ. * Mbipụta ebumnuche doro anya maka mgbasawanye nke njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike. <ref>[http://www.adph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Take_action_on_active_travel_20104.pdf "Take action on active travel" (PDF)]. Association of Directors of Public Health. January 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2020.</ref> ==== England ==== A tọhapụrụ atụmatụ Gọọmentị UK maka njem na England na 2020 ma mara ya dị ka Gear Change. Atụmatụ a bu n'uche ime ka England bụrụ 'mba na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè ukwu'. Atụmatụ ahụ na-ezube ịmepụta ụzọ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije, iwebata mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-enweghị okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-eju anya ịtọ ụkpụrụ dị elu maka akụrụngwa ịgba ịnyịnya. Atụmatụ ahụ na-eso £ 2 ijeri na ego ndị ọzọ n'ime afọ ise sochirinụ maka ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije mara ọkwa na Mee 2020. Atụmatụ ahụ webatara ahụ ọhụrụ na onye nyocha a maara dị ka Active Travel England . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cycling and walking plan for England|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cycling-and-walking-plan-for-england|accessdate=2021-07-02|work=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> ==== Scotland ==== Iwu Gọọmentị Scotland na-ezube ịbawanye ojiji nke ụzọ njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Scotland maka njem dị mkpirikpi na ime ka njem na-aga n'ihu dị nchebe ma na-agụnye. E bipụtara National Walking Strategy na 2017 ma melite Cycling Action Plan for Scotland (CAPS) na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Travel Framework (1)|url=https://www.transport.gov.scot/publication/active-travel-framework-1/|accessdate=2021-07-02|work=www.transport.gov.scot}}</ref> Òtù na-akwado njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike Cycling UK katọrọ Gọọmentị Scotland maka ịghara ịbawanye ego maka njem na-eme ihe. Mmefu ego Scotland na-ekenye £ 100 nde maka ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịga ije, nke bụ 3.3% nke mmefu ego njem ma ọ bụ ngụkọta nke kilomita atọ nke atụmatụ A9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is £500m for cycling and walking in Scotland enough? {{!}} Cycling UK|url=https://www.cyclinguk.org/blog/ps500m-cycling-and-walking-scotland-enough|accessdate=2021-07-02|work=www.cyclinguk.org}}</ref> N'ime ngalaba ọha na eze na Scotland ngalaba njem nwere pasentị kachasị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọkwa ndị dị elu. Naanị 6.25% nke ndị isi ụgbọ njem bụ ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=Exploring gender and active travel|url=https://www.sustrans.org.uk/our-blog/research/all-themes/all/exploring-gender-and-active-travel|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=Sustrans|language=en}}</ref> ==== Wales ==== Nzọụkwụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Active Travel (Wales) Act 2013, nke gafere na 2013. Iwu ahụ chọrọ ka ndị ọchịchị mpaghara nọgide na-emeziwanye ihe owuwu na ụzọ maka ndị na-aga ije na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na ịkwadebe map na-achọpụta ụzọ dị ugbu a na nke nwere ike ime n'ọdịnihu maka ojiji ha. Ọ chọkwara imeziwanye okporo ụzọ na ọrụ mmepe iji tụlee mkpa nke ndị na-aga ije na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè n'oge imewe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Active Travel (Wales) Act 2013 – National Assembly for Wales|url=http://www.senedd.assembly.wales/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=5750|accessdate=2 June 2017|work=assembly.wales|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728035842/http://www.senedd.assembly.wales/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=5750|url-status=dead}}</ref> === United States === Ndị bi na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na-eji njem dị ka ụzọ njem karịa ndị bi na mba ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|author=Lee|first=Jae Seung|date=2013-12-01|title=Safely active mobility for urban baby boomers: The role of neighborhood design|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457513001991|journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention|language=en|volume=61|pages=153–166|doi=10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.008|pmid=23777888|issn=0001-4575}}</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ nke ndị na-aga ije na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè n'obodo ukwu US ka e depụtara dị ka ihe na-enye aka n'ọnọdụ a.<ref name=":11" /> Mgbalị iji mụbaa ojiji nke ịgagharị agagharị na steeti etiti site na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Njem nke US, nke na-agbaso mmepe nke ịgagharị na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na Livability Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Livable and Sustainable Communities {{!}} FTA|url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/environmental-programs/livable-sustainable-communities/livable-and|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=www.transit.dot.gov|archive-date=2016-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102042843/https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/environmental-programs/livable-sustainable-communities/livable-and|url-status=dead}}</ref> Livability Initiative gụnyere ọtụtụ ijeri dollar nke ego site na ọtụtụ mmemme enyemaka, gụnyere Better Utilizing Investments to Leverage Development (BUILD), Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA), na Transportation Infrastructures Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA), iji mee ka iwu akụrụngwa na-akwado mmụba nke ndị na-aga ije na ịnyịnya ígwè.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Department of Transportation Transit, Highway, and Safety Funds - Funding - Bicycle and Pedestrian Program - Environment - FHWA|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/funding/funding_opportunities.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018081651/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/funding/funding_opportunities.cfm|archivedate=18 October 2014|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=[[Federal Highway Administration|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]]}}</ref> Mmụba ego maka mmemme ndị a, dị ka Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) nke 2015, enwetala nkwado abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Davis|first=Rodney|date=2015-12-04|title=H.R.22 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): FAST Act|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/22|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=www.congress.gov}}</ref> Ọtụtụ obodo dị na United States, gụnyere [[Seattle]], [[Chicago]], Minneapolis, Sacramento, na Houston, etinyela iwu nke ha iji gbaa ndị na-agagharị agagharị maka ịga ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lee|first=Richard J.|date=2017-03-04|title=Understanding the role of equity in active transportation planning in the United States|journal=Transport Reviews|volume=37|issue=2|pages=211–226|doi=10.1080/01441647.2016.1239660|issn=0144-1647}}</ref> Mgbalị ndị ọzọ dị ukwuu gụnyere mmemme njem zuru ezu (ATPs), dị ka ndị a na-etinye na [[California]], [[Oregon]]" id="mwATU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon, [[Texas]]" id="mwATk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas, na San Diego County.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Transportation Program (ATP) {{!}} Caltrans|url=https://dot.ca.gov/programs/local-assistance/fed-and-state-programs/active-transportation-program|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=dot.ca.gov|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729063813/https://dot.ca.gov/programs/local-assistance/fed-and-state-programs/active-transportation-program|archive-date=2020-07-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-25|title=Regional Active Transportation Plan|url=https://www.oregonmetro.gov/regional-active-transportation-plan|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=Metro|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Transportation Plan {{!}} City of Fort Worth, Texas|url=https://fortworthtexas.gov/atp/|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=fortworthtexas.gov|language=en|archivedate=2020-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809073723/http://fortworthtexas.gov/atp/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Transportation Plan|url=https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/pds/advance/ActiveTransportationPlan.html|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=www.sandiegocounty.gov}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbalị ndị a agbalịwo ịkwalite mgbanwe ndị a na-atụle na pasentị nke ndị njem na-eji ụgbọ njem na-arụ ọrụ: na United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey, 3.4% nke ndị America gbara ịnyịnya ígwè ma ọ bụ na-eje ije ịrụ ọrụ na 2013, naanị 3.1% mere ya na 2018.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|author=Bureau|first=US Census|title=American Community Survey Data|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data.html|accessdate=2020-08-04|work=The United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Bike_and_pedestrian_lanes_in_Roger_Williams_Park.jpg|thumb|Ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè na ndị njem na Roger Williams Park.]] {| class="wikitable" |+Njem na United States <ref name=":13"/> !Afọ !Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè !Ịga ije !Ngụkọta nke Ọrụ Na-aga |- |2013 |0.614% |2.792% | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |3.405% |- |2014 |0.631% |2.754% | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |3.385% |- |2015 |0.595% |2.768% | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |3.362% |- |2016 |0.573% |2.706% | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |3.279% |- |2017 |0.556% |2.639% | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |3.195% |- |2018 |0.526% |2.574% | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |3.100% |} == Ndị nwere nkwarụ == Ndị nwere nkwarụ na-enwekarị nsogbu na njem karịa ndị na-enweghị nkwarụ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ihe mgbochi ahụike maka njem siri ike. E nwere ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ebe ọ na-agaghị ekwe omume ka mmadụ gaa ije ma ọ bụ gbaa ịnyịnya ígwè, ọbụnakwa ma ọ bụrụ na ewepụ ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ, ọha na eze na ego, ụfọdụ ka ga-achọ ịnweta ụgbọala.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Pave The Way (streetspace) » Transport for All|url=https://www.transportforall.org.uk/campaigns-and-research/pave-the-way/|accessdate=2021-07-02|work=Transport for All|date=21 January 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ihe mgbochi ozugbo maka ndị nwere nkwarụ na-agagharị n'okporo ụzọ bụ enweghị ike ịbanye n'okpogige, dịka ọmụmaatụ: <ref name=":14"/> * Ihe mgbagwoju anya n'okporo ụzọ, dịka ihe ịrịba ama okporo ụzọ na ebe a na-akwụ ụgwọ ụgbọala eletrik * Okporo ụzọ ndị na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ndị na-agbago elu * Enweghị okporo ụzọ dara ada na ụzọ a na-emetụ n'ahụMmetụta a na-emetụ n'ahụ * Enweghị ebe ndị mmadụ ga-akwụsị izu ike * Ihe ize ndụ ndị ohere ha na ụgbọala na-akpata Maka ndị chọrọ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè, ihe mgbochi nwere ike ịgụnye ụzọ ịnyịnya ígwè dị warara, akụrụngwa nke chọrọ ka onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè rịtuo, ihe mgide anụ ahụ na enweghị ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala kwesịrị ekwesị.<ref name=":14"/> == Ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị == N'obodo na mba ụfọdụ, ụmụ nwanyị na-eduga n'ụzọ mgbe a bịara n'ịga ije. 54% nke njem ndị e ji ụkwụ mee na London bụ ndị inyom na-eme.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|date=April 2012|title=Understanding the travel needs of London's diverse communities Women|url=https://content.tfl.gov.uk/women.pdf|work=Transport for London|accessdate=2024-10-13|archivedate=2024-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203040144/https://content.tfl.gov.uk/women.pdf}}</ref> Dabere na nyocha banyere ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na njem na-agafe n'ọtụtụ obodo mba ụwa, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịga ije karịa ụmụ nwoke ma nwee ike iji ụgbọ njem ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Oyebode|first=Oyinlola|title=From walking to cycling, how we get around a city is a gender equality issue – new research|url=http://theconversation.com/from-walking-to-cycling-how-we-get-around-a-city-is-a-gender-equality-issue-new-research-175014|accessdate=2022-02-05|work=The Conversation|date=2 February 2022|language=en}}</ref> Ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na usoro njem na-adabere n'afọ ndụ. Echiche ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke banyere ihe ize ndụ na nchekwa na-enye ahụmịhe njem dị iche.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Haynes|first=Emily|date=2019-12-21|title=Gender and active travel: a qualitative data synthesis informed by machine learning|journal=International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity|volume=16|issue=1|pages=135|doi=10.1186/s12966-019-0904-4|issn=1479-5868|pmid=31864372}}</ref> Nnyocha na-eme ka mkpa ọ dị ụzọ nwoke na nwanyị na-aga ndụ dị mma na iwu njem na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-atụle iji belata ihe ize ndụ okporo ụzọ na ime ihe ike nwoke.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Goel|first=Rahul|date=2022-01-03|title=Gender differences in active travel in major cities across the world|journal=Transportation|volume=50|issue=2|pages=733–749|language=en|doi=10.1007/s11116-021-10259-4|pmid=37035250|issn=1572-9435}}</ref> Ụmụ nwoke nwere ike ịnweta ụgbọ ala nkeonwe karịa ụmụ nwanyị.[1] Nhazi nke na-abara ụgbọ ala uru karịa ụdị njem ndị ọzọ na-abara ụmụ nwoke uru na-enweghị oke.[2] Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị usoro njem dị iche iche.[3] Ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị ike ịgbụ njem, na ịgbụ njem na-akwado iji ụgbọ ala eme ihe.[4][5] O yikarịrị ka a ga-ejide ụmụ nwanyị site na iburu ụmụaka, ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ soro ndị enyi agadi [6] Na UK obere okirikiri ụmụ nwanyị karịa ụmụ nwoke [7] [8] na nchekwa okporo ụzọ na-ezo aka dị ka nchegbu metụtara ịgba ígwè [9] ] na ije ije.[10][11] Otu akụkọ Sustrans na UK chọpụtara enweghị ihe akaebe na ụmụ nwanyị na-ekere òkè n'ịmepụta amụma njem na nhazi.<ref name=":15" /> == Hụkwa == * Ịdabere n'ụgbọala * Bicycle-friendly - Atụmatụ obodo na-ebute ụzọ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè * Ịgba ígwè * Carfree city - Obodo mepere emepe nke na-enweghị ụgbọala * Health impact of light rail systems - mmetụta dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma dị ka ikuku, mkpọtụ, mmega ahụ, mmetụPeeji na-egosi nkọwa wikidata dị ka ọdịda azụ * Ụgbọ njem nke mmadụ * Ụgbọala nwere injin * Nkọwa nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè * Pedestrian village - Atụmatụ obodo maka ebe a na-eji eme ihe dị iche iche na-ebute ndị na-aga ije ụzọ * Street reclamation - Ịgbanwe okporo ámá iji lekwasị anya n'iji ụgbọala eme ihe * Mgbasawanye obodo == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bfhh9grzaxvkxwikv4vhotfkpixwqip 0 56063 741805 724052 2026-10-27T21:02:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mohammad Abdul Gafur.jpg|thumb|Abdul Gafur]] '''Mohammad Abdul Gafur''' <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://old.dailyinqilab.com/article/465063/ভাষা-সৈনিক-অধ্যাপক-মোহাম্মদ-আবদুল-গফুর-পেলেন-লেখালেখি-সাহিত্য-পুরস্কার|title=ভাষা সৈনিক অধ্যাপক মোহাম্মদ আবদুল গফুর পেলেন লেখালেখি সাহিত্য পুরস্কার|work=The Daily Inqilab|date=24 February 2022}}</ref> (19 Febrụwarị afọ 1929 – 27 Septemba afọ 2024) bụ onye odeakụkọ nke Bangladesh, onye nkuzi, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-akwado asụsụ nke Bengali Language Movement nke mere na East Pakistan Pakistan (nke dị ugbu a Bangladesh) iji mee Bengali otu n'ime asụsụ steeti nke Pakistan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailysangram.com/post/272760-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0|work=The Daily Sangram|language=bn|accessdate=19 February 2019|title=Archive copy|archive-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223191802/http://www.dailysangram.com/post/272760-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị a ma ama nke Tamaddun Majlish, otu omenala Islam nke rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmalite nke mmegharị ahụ. <ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite web|title=Tamaddun Majlish|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Tamaddun_Majlish|work=Banglapedia|accessdate=19 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002741/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Tamaddun_Majlish|archive-date=20 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ịkwanyere onyinye ya na mmegharị asụsụ, gọọmentị Bangladesh nyere ya Ekushey Padak n' afọ 2005. <ref name="DailyInqilabOnline">{{Cite web|author=Noor|first=Shahid|url=https://www.dailyinqilab.com/article/187213/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0|work=Daily Inqilab|language=bn|accessdate=19 February 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Abdul Gafur na ụbọchị 19 Febrụwarị afọ 1929 na Pangsha thana nke Greater Faridpur District (ugbu a Rajbari District nke Bangladesh) n'oge British Raj ka Haji Habil Uddin Munshi na Shukurunnesa Khatun. <ref name="DailyInqilabOnline" /> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị n' afọ 1945 site na Maizuddin High Madrasa na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Kabi Nazrul Government College n' afọ 1947. E mesịa, a nabatara ya na ngalaba asụsụ Bengali na agụmagụ nke Mahadum Dhaka . Tinyere ya, enwere naanị ụmụ akwụkwọ atọ na ngalaba ya. Abụọ ndị ọzọ bụ Nurul Islam Patwari na Momtaz Begum. Mgbe Òtù Asụsụ bidoro, o tinyere aka na mmegharị ahụ dị ka onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na nke a mere ka ndụ mmụta ya kwụsịlata. Ka oge na-aga, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta post-graduate ya na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka ọdịmma ọha na mahadum nke otu mahadum ahụ n' afọ 1962. <ref name="DailyInqilabOnline" /> Abdul Gafur nwụrụ n' ụbọchị 27 afọ Septemba ọnwa 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 95. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Language Movement activist Abdul Gafur dies at 95|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/6aa863066490|accessdate=27 September 2024|publisher=bdnews24|date=27 September 2024}}</ref> == Ntụaka == izhcqtebyqoeg9zg15wxzgr4e1kix6f 0 56142 741806 206627 2026-10-27T21:03:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741806 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Abdus Salam</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="nickname" lang="bn">Ọchịchị a na-akpọ Abduস Slama</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Language_martyr,_Abdus_Salam.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya, Abdus Salam</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1925-11-27</span>)</span> 27 Nọvemba 1925<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Obodo Luxmipur, Feni District, Bengal Presidency, [[British India]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |7 Eprel 1952 <span style="display:none">(1952-04-07)</span> (afọ 26) &nbsp;<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Dhaka]], East Bengal, Pakistan</div> |} Abdus Salam (27 Nọvemba 1925 - 7 mota 1952) bụ onye na-emekọ iwe nke ọnwụ n'oge akwụkwọ iwe Bengali Language Movement nke mere na East Bengal (nke bụ Bangladesh ugbu a), Pakistan na 1952. [1] A na-ewere ya dị ka onye gburu n'ihi oge ya na Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-127143|title=Include language martyrs' biographies in school curriculum|date=2010-02-20|work=The Daily Star|accessdate=2017-04-05|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-23287|title=Move to honour Birsreshthas, language martyrs|date=2008-02-14|work=The Daily Star|accessdate=2017-04-05|language=en}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A game Abdus Salam na 27 Nọvemba 1925 na Laxmanpur (nke a hụrụ 'Salam Nagar' [1]), Matubhuiyan, Daganbhuiyan, Feni, East Bengal, British Raj.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Krishnarampur Primary School, mgbe ahụ na Matubhuiyan Kalimullah Minor School.  Ọ sonyeere akwụkwọ ndekọ Daganbhuiyan Kemal Atatürk mana ọahụ na klas 10 n'ihi nsogbu ego.<ref name="bpedia" /> == Ọrụ == Abdus Salam gara Kolkata ebe ya na nwa nwanne nwoke nwoke na di ya na-arụ ọrụ na Ọdụ mmiri Kolkata dị.  Abdus Salam nwere ike ike ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.  N'afọ 1947, ọ kwagara Dhaka wee nweta ọrụ na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-edebe ihe ngosi ndị mgbasa.  Ọ natara ebe ọ ga-anọ na ụlọ ọrụ Palasi Barrack na Azimpur.<ref name="bpedia">{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Salam,_Abdus2|title=Salam, Abdus|first=Shahida|work=[[Banglapedia]]|author=Akhter|accessdate=June 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126194626/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Salam,_Abdus2|archive-date=January 26, 2016|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAkhter">Akhter, Shahida. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160126194626/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Salam,_Abdus2 "Salam, Abdus"]. ''[[Banglapedia]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Mgbanwe asụsụ Bengali == On 21 February 1952, the students in Dhaka defied Section 144 (curfew) and bought out rallies in support of making Bengali a state language of Pakistan. The processions was joined by other members of public beside students. The police fired on the procession killing a number of protesters and wounding others. Abdus Salam was in the procession and was shot. He was admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital where he died from his injuries on 7 April 1952. He was buried in Azimpur graveyard.<ref name="bpedia"/> The location of his grave has since been lost.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-76812|title=Graves of three language martyrs traceless|date=2009-02-21|work=The Daily Star|accessdate=2017-04-05|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == [[Faịlụ:Mural_-_Abul_Barkat_-_Rafiq_Uddin_Ahmed_-_Abdus_Salam_-_Abdul_Jabbar_-_Bengali_Language_Movement_1952_Martyrs_-_Teacher-Student_Center_-_University_of_Dhaka_-_Dhaka_2015-05-31_2485.JPG|thumb|Mural nke Abul Barkat, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Abdus Salam, [[Abdul Jabbar (onye na-eme ngagharị iwe)|Abdul Jabbar]] nke akpọrọ Bengali Language Movement 1952 Martyrs at Teacher-Student Center na Mahadum nke Dhaka]] nke Bangladesh nyere Abdus Salam Ekushey Padak n'afọ 2000. E ntụziaka Bhasha-Shahid Abdus Salam Smriti Parishad iji ntọala ya.  Obodo ya, Laxmanpur, ka ndị obodo ahụike aha Salam Nagar n'afọ 2000. maka Bangladesh nabatara aha ahụ n'ụzọ iwu akwụkwọ na 2009. E wuru Language Martyr Salam Auditorium na Daganbhuiyan.  Ọ bụrụ ọkwa aha Feni District Stadium ka ọ bụrụ Language Martyr Salam Stadium.  E wuru Language Martyr Salam Community Center na Feni.  N'afọ 2008, otu Bangladesh wuru Language Martyr Abdus Salam Library na Memorial Museum n'akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo ya.  E meela ka ọ ghara ịnwụ anwụ na uri nke Shamsur Rahman, Sufia Kamal, na Belal Mohammad wdg.[1]  E nyere ya onyinye Independence Day Award na 2016. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/14-get-independence-award-787690|title=14 personalities, Navy to get Independence Award|date=2016-03-07|work=The Daily Star|accessdate=2017-04-05|language=en}}</ref> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite news|title=Nothing has been done to keep memory of language hero Salam alive|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/nothing-has-been-done-to-keep-memory-of-language-hero-salam-alive|work=[[bdnews24.com]]|date=February 16, 2005}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mgbasa ozi metụtaraAbdus Salam (onye na-eme ngagharị iwe maka asụsụ Bengali) na Wikimedia Commons gw1w723atmamony2sidaq2q0hq9yrbu 828 64027 741811 737034 2026-10-27T22:12:57Z Grufo 27039 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/mediawikiwiki/Q122696746|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 741811 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest` local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len) local idx = 1 for key, val in pairs(src) do dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1 if idx > len then break end end return dest end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_sorted_key_list (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 1, 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nums[nn], nn = key, nn + 1 else words[nw], nw = key, nw + 1 end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn - 1, nw - 1 end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_param_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_param_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier local a_modes = { transfer = 0, clone = 1, rename = 2, copy = 3, sacrifice = 4, provide = 5, spare = 7 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`, -- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue` -- `without_sorting` --[[ Private constants ]]-- --------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, keeping_at_most = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} --[[ Private functions ]]-- --------------------------- -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame, first_fn_name) local main_frame, tpipe = child_frame:getParent(), { first_fn_name } for key, val in pairs(child_frame.args) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then tpipe[key + 1] = val else tpipe[key] = val end end return { frame = main_frame, pipe = tpipe, oparams = main_frame.args, firstposonly = static_iface, iterfunc = pairs, fnpos = 1, sorttype = 0, n_parents = 0, n_children = 0, n_available = maxfill } end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, next_fn_pos, trimmed_fname) local fname = trimmed_fname or ctx.pipe[next_fn_pos] and ctx.pipe[next_fn_pos]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[fname] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[fname] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. fname .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end ctx.fnpos = next_fn_pos return library[fname] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, offs) local cmd if opts[offs] == nil then return offs - 1 end cmd = opts[offs]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/'):match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return offs end local vname, chr local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), offs + 1 for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function new_substack (ctx) local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {} if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end ctx.n_children = currsnap return newparams end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) local trarg if raw_arg ~= nil then trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if trarg == nil then return nil, 1, false, nil end if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, nil end local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end return tmp or nil, 2, true, nil end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]| -- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params) local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2 local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {} while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_param_name(src[pin + 1]) tbl[tmp1], pin = src[pin + 2], pin + 3 --[[ elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then tmp1 = get_param_name(src[pin + 1]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2 ]]-- elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_param_name(src[pin + 2]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[get_param_name(src[pin + 1])], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3 else break end end local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil) for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then if tmp1 < 0 then tmp1 = -1 end tmp2 = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp1 + 1 end if tnamed ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin, tnew, mem end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, start_from, default_style, params) local style, shf local tmp = src[start_from + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, start_from - 1 else shf = start_from end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end tmp = style[1] local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist, params) if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, offs, whoami) if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local tn, flg local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[offs + 1], opts[offs + 2], tonumber(opts[offs + 3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil then argc = 4 elseif opts[offs + 3] ~= nil then tn = opts[offs + 3]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tn == nil then argc = 4 end end if tn == nil and opts[offs + argc] ~= nil then tn = opts[offs + argc]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tn ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[tn] if flg ~= nil then tn = nil end end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, offs + argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl), tn end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, offs, whoami) local tn, kwid local ptns, arg, state, nptns, idx = {}, opts[offs + 1], 0, 0, offs + 2 while arg ~= nil do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { arg, false, false } else tn = arg:match'^%s*(.*%S)' kwid = tn and mkeywords[tn] if kwid == nil or (state > 0 and kwid > 0) then break else state = kwid if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end arg, idx = opts[idx], idx + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, idx - 1, kwid == nil and tn or nil end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and -- `evaluating` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, offs, isp, psp) local tn, tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = { true, true, true }, 3, offs, true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] tn = tmp and tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tn == nil then break end if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tn] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tn] trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tn] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tn], opts[argc], nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tn] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tn], opts[argc], nil else break end argc, tn = argc + 1, nil until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc, tn end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix, gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix, gid = '', key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local skel, canvas, idx, s_pos, e_pos = {}, {}, 1, 1, string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx], skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1), target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx, s_pos = idx + 2, e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`, -- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`) local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2 local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end else key = get_param_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_param_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return end -- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering` local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1]) if len == nil or len == 0 then local stack = new_substack(ctx) for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end return len == nil and 1 or 2 end if len < 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len) return 2 end -- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values` local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children local stack = ctx.children[currsnap] for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local argc local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {} local sortfn, ivar0, dosort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[offs + 2]) if ivar0 == 2 then tmp = opts[offs + 3] ~= nil and opts[offs + 3]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end ivar0 = ivar0 + offs if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then ivar0 = ivar0 + 1 argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, ivar0 + 1) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami) else if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then ivar0 = ivar0 + 1 end argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, ivar0 + 1) end if argc < ivar0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc + 1 end local cache, len if dosort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_sorted_key_list(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else cache, len = {}, 1 for key in pairs(tbl) do cache[len], len = key, len + 1 end len = len - 1 end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc + 1 end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx, offs) local tbl, retval, cache, nmax = ctx.params, {}, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then if key < 1 then cache[key] = val elseif key > offs then cache[key - offs] = val end if key > nmax then nmax = key end else cache[key] = val end end nmax = nmax - offs if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tmp local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end elseif ctx.subset == 1 then if ctx.pins == nil then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end tmp = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tmp[key] = val end tbl = tmp end if ctx.pins ~= nil then local marker = ctx.sorttype < 1 and ctx.subset ~= -1 or nil for idx = 1, #ctx.pins do tmp = ctx.pins[idx] if tbl[tmp] ~= nil then fn(tmp, tbl[tmp]) tbl[tmp] = marker end end if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end end return end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_sorted_key_list(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 or ctx.pins == nil then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_seq) return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.pins == nil and ctx.sorttype < 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end return end local tseq = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tseq[key] = val end if ctx.pins ~= nil then local tmp local marker = ctx.sorttype < 1 or nil for idx = 1, #ctx.pins do tmp = ctx.pins[idx] if tseq[tmp] ~= nil then fn_seq(tmp, tbl[tmp]) tbl[tmp], tseq[tmp] = nil, marker elseif tbl[tmp] ~= nil then fn_oth(tmp, tbl[tmp]) tbl[tmp] = nil end end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_sorted_key_list(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if tseq[nums[idx]] ~= nil then fn_seq(nums[idx], tseq[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tseq) do if val ~= true then fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1 return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1 return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pinned_until|sentinel|[parameter name 1]|[parameter -- name 2]|...|parameter name N|sentinel|pipe to library.pinned_until = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: No sentinel was provided', 0) end local tmp, bucket, curr, ncurr local sntl, idx = opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', 2 if ctx.pin_bucket == nil then bucket, curr, ncurr = {}, {}, 0 ctx.pin_bucket, ctx.pins = bucket, curr else bucket, curr, ncurr = ctx.pin_bucket, ctx.pins, ctx.npins end while opts[offs + idx] ~= nil do tmp = opts[offs + idx]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if tmp == sntl then if idx == 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: No parameters to pin were provided', 0) end ctx.npins = ncurr + idx - 2 return context_iterate(ctx, offs + idx + 1) end if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end if bucket[tmp] then error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: Duplicate pinned parameter ‘' .. tostring(tmp) .. '’', 0) end curr[ncurr + idx - 1], bucket[tmp], idx = tmp, true, idx + 1 end error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: Missing sentinel in position #' .. tostring(idx), 0) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local new_offs = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos + 1) if new_offs - ctx.fnpos < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, new_offs + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) local opts, offs, retval = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, 0 if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end local tn = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tn == 'in_substack' then new_substack(ctx)[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end ctx.params[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = tostring(retval) return tn == 'here' and context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) or context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 if newval == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1 end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax do tbl[idx] = newval end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local lcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local lcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin, nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax do tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] = tbl[idx], nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local idx = tonumber(opts[offs + 1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local last = tonumber(opts[offs + 1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local tmp = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key], tbl[key] = val, nil end end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local nmax, nmin local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key], tbl[key] = val, nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 1 for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then cache[nsize], nsize = key, nsize + 1 end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor((nsize - 1) / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tn = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tn ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[tn] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 1, tn) end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp2, argc, pos, refp local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tmp1 = opts[offs + 1] if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]), offs + 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, offs + 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]), offs + 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end local insn = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (insn == nil or insn < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to write cannot be zero', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl if insn == nil or insn < 0 or math.floor(insn) ~= insn then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp1 = argc - offs - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + insn - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[offs + key + tmp1] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + insn + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = opts[offs + 2] return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = opts[offs + 2] end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to library.reassigning = function (ctx) local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end local mode, argc local src, tn = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]), opts[offs + 3] ~= nil and opts[offs + 3]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' local val = tbl[src] if tn ~= nil then mode = a_modes[tn] end if mode == nil then mode, argc = 0, offs + 3 else argc, tn = offs + 4, nil end if val == nil and mode > 1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end local dest = get_param_name(opts[offs + 2]) local tmp = tbl[dest] == nil if mode % 2 == 0 or (mode == 7 and tmp) then tbl[src] = nil end if tmp or mode < 4 then tbl[dest] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end local key = tonumber(opts[offs + 1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]| -- [target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, ptn local tbl, newparams, opts, offs = ctx.params, {}, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs, 'with_name_matching') for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]| -- [and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs, 'with_name_not_matching') if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end local yesmatch, ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]| -- [target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local nomatch, ptn local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs, 'with_value_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]| -- [and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local yesmatch, ptn local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs, 'with_value_not_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len) return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die, tn = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local tbl, mix = ctx.params, opts[offs + 1] if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache, len local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, dosort, tn = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1]) if dosort then local words, wl cache, words, len, wl = get_sorted_key_list(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else cache, len = {}, 1 for _, val in pairs(tbl) do cache[len], len = val, len + 1 end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of -- additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument -- N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die, tn = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_param_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn], tbl[get_param_name(repl)] = nil, val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mix = ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1] if mix == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local cache = {} mix = mix:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_param_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_param_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(opts, offs + 2, 0, ctx.params) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end tmp = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local groups = make_groups(tbl) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args = gid, group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc, tn = load_parse_opts(opts, offs + 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[offs + 1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc, tn = load_parse_opts(opts, offs + 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, repos, tn = load_parse_opts(opts, offs + 2, '!', ':') if opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then remove_numeric_keys(opts, offs, repos - offs) return context_iterate(ctx, offs, tn) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[offs + 1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) local shift = #cache + offs - repos + 1 for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < offs then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= repos then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val else new_opts[key + offs] = val end end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local tmp local cache, mix_k, mix_v = {}, opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', opts[offs + 2] if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_param_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_param_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_param_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' )) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' )) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_param_name(opts[offs + 2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if opts[offs + 3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_param_name(opts[offs + 3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_param_name(opts[offs + 2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl, opts, offs, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, ctx.n_parents + 1 local tn = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if tn == 'new' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 1, tn) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local tmp = ctx.n_parents local parent = tmp < 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp] tmp = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to library.recalling = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end local arg = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]) if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to --[[ library.finding = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end local arg = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]) local parent for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do parent = ctx.parents[idx] if parent[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg] return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end end if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to --[[ library.picking = function (ctx) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end if ctx.n_parents < 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len) else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substacks have been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substacks have been created', 0) end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substacks have been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil, ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing') return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]| -- [...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx, offs + 1) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx, offs + 2) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx, offs + 1)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2 ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]| -- [...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local cargs = copy_table_reduced(opts, 1, offs - 1) local model, ret, nss, ccs = { title = tname, args = cargs }, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) cargs[1], cargs[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]| -- [named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local iargs = copy_table_reduced(ctx.pipe, 1, offs) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = iargs } local mfunc, ret, nss, ccs = require(model.title)[fname], {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) iargs[1], iargs[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs, cargs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', copy_table_reduced(opts, 1, offs - 1) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) cargs[1], cargs[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, cargs) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local cargs = copy_table_reduced(ctx.pipe, 1, offs) local model = { title = tname, args = cargs } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) cargs[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local iargs = copy_table_reduced(ctx.pipe, 1, offs + 1) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = iargs } local mfunc, ret, nss, ccs = require(model.title)[fname], {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) iargs[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]| -- [append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local cargs, ret, nss, ccs = copy_table_reduced(opts, 1, offs), {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) cargs[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, cargs) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos local tmp = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local bargs, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then bargs[key] = val elseif key > offs then bargs[key - offs - 1] = val elseif key < 1 then bargs[key - 1] = val end end ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(bargs) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame, 'new') ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 2)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (child_frame) return child_frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame, fname) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) ed6uj3jkl9sb18ckis1vsieht07yb7c 0 75006 741809 631806 2026-10-27T21:53:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741809 wikitext text/x-wiki Adams Apples bụ usoro ihe nkiri Ghana, nke [[Yvonne Okoro]], [[Joselyn Dumas]], [[John Dumelo]], Naa Ashorkor Mensa-Doku, [[Joyce Anima Misa Amoah|Anima Misa Amoah]], [[Adjetey Anang]], Helene Asante, SoulKnight Jazz, Jasmine Baroudi, Vincent McCauley, [[Roselyn Ngissah]], Fred Kanebi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africa-archive.com/gh/adams-apples-2011|title=ADAMS APPLES (2011)|publisher=African Archive|date=20 April 2014|accessdate=12 October 2014|author=Mayer, Erika|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017161427/http://africa-archive.com/gh/adams-apples-2011|archive-date=17 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Usoro Ihe nkiri a nwere ihe nkiri iri dị iche iche, nke a maara dị ka "isiokwu gasi", nke Ken Attoh mepụtara ma bụrụ nke [[Shirley Frimpong-Manso]] duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201105040302.html|title=Ghana: Adam's Apples Launches an Innovative Ten-Part Film Series|publisher=allAfrica.com|work=All Africa|date=28 April 2011|accessdate=12 October 2014|author=Southwood Russell}}</ref> Usoro ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekwu maka ndụ [[Azụ|ezinụlọ]] Adams, nke mejupụtara Doris Adams (Anima Misa Amoah), nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke onye bụbu onye diplọma, na ụmụ ya nwanyị atọ; Baaba ([[Yvonne Okoro|Okoro]]), Jennifer ([[Joselyn Dumas|Dumas]]) na Kuukua ([[Naa Ashorkor|Mensah-Doku]]), na-egosi otú ha si emeso ezinụlọ ha dị mgbagwoju anya, ndụ ịhụnanya, ihe nzuzo onwe onye, ụgha na ịkwa ụta. Usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn, nke nwere otu aha ahụ malitere na Febụwarị 2013, ma malite na DStv's Africa Magic; a na-etinye usoro telivisheneng otu afọ mgbe isi nke iri nke usoro ihe nkiri ahụ gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.romancemeetslife.com/2013/02/adams-apples-season-2-premieres-feb-14th.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802094745/http://www.romancemeetslife.com/2013/02/adams-apples-season-2-premieres-feb-14th.html|archivedate=August 2, 2014|title=Adams Apples Season 2 Premieres Feb 14th|publisher=Romance Meets Life|date=13 February 2013|accessdate=12 October 2014|author=Whitman, Myne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/20/joselyn-dumas-majid-michel-shirley-frimpong-manso-john-dumelo-deborah-vanessa-at-the-adams-apple-season-2-premiere-in-ghana-photos/|title=Joselyn Dumas, Majid Michel, Shirley Frimpong-Manso, John Dumelo & Deborah Vanessa at the "Adams Apple" Season 2 Premiere in Ghana - Photos|publisher=bellanaija.com|work=Bella Naija|date=20 February 2013|accessdate=12 October 2014|author=Aiki, Damilare}}</ref> == Ndị mere ihe nkiri a == * Anima Misa Amoah dị ka Doris Adams * [[Yvonne Okoro]] dị ka Baaba Adams Smith * [[Joselyn Dumas]] dị ka Jennifer Adams * [[Naa Ashorkor|Naa Ashorkor Mensah-Doku]] dị ka Kuukua Adams * [[Adjetey Anang]] dị ka Albert Amankwah (ma ọ bụ Albert Adams) * Helene Asante dị ka Ivy Amankwah (ma ọ bụ Ivy Adams) * SoulKnight Jazz dị ka Chris Smith * [[John Dumelo]] dị ka Denu McCarby * [[Jasmine Baroudi]] dị ka Michelle * Vincent McCauley dị ka Foo * Fred Kanebi dị ka Gerald * [[Roselyn Ngissah]] dị ka Linda * Fiifi Coleman dị ka Chidi * Sesanu Gbadebo dị ka Eric == Isiokwu gasi == Eweputara ọtụtụ isi na usoro ahụ n'otu ọnwa, a na-egosikwa usoro ihe nkiri ahụ dum n'ihe karịrị ọnwa iri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbooza.com/group/nollywood/forum/topics/ghanas-10part-movie-adams#axzz3FsKORLdO|title=Ghana's 10-part movie, Adam's Apple, hits big screen|publisher=Gbooza.com|date=19 June 2011|accessdate=12 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020232010/http://www.gbooza.com/group/nollywood/forum/topics/ghanas-10part-movie-adams#axzz3FsKORLdO|archivedate=20 October 2014}}</ref> * ''Adams Apples: The Family Ties'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Twisted Connections'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Musical Chairs'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Torn'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Duplicity'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Showdown'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Confessions'' (2011) * ''Adams Apples: Fight or Flight'' (2012) * ''Adams Apples: Rescue Mission'' (2012) * ''Adams Apples: New Beginnings'' (2012) == Mweputa == E wepụtara ihe ngosi vidiyo maka Isi nke Mbụ n'usoro ihe nkiri ahụ na 15 Eprel 2011. Nkebi nke mbụ n'usoro ihe nkiri ahụ pụtara na 21 Eprel 2011, e wepụtakwara isi nke ikpeazụ na 25 Mee 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/18115/3/adams-apples-finally-it-all-ends-here.html|title=Adams Apples: Finally it all ends here|publisher=ModernGhana.com|date=24 May 2012|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.entertainmentinghana.com/adams-apples-chapter-10-premieres-on-friday-may-25.html|title=Adams Apples Chapter 10 Premieres On Friday May 25|publisher=Entertainment in Ghana|work=Entertainment Ghana|date=22 May 2012|accessdate=13 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017065212/http://articles.entertainmentinghana.com/adams-apples-chapter-10-premieres-on-friday-may-25.html|archivedate=17 October 2014}}</ref> E wepụtara DVD zuru oke, nke nwere ihe nkiri iri niile dị na usoro ihe nkiri ahụ na Disemba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2012/12/31/the-complete-10-chapter-adams-apples-dvd-box-set-is-out-for-sale-at-airport-shell-accra-get-yours-now/|title='The Complete 10 Chapter Adams Apples DVD Box Set' Is Out For Sale At Airport Shell, Accra…Get Yours NOW!|publisher=Ghanacelebrities.com|work=Ghana Celebrities|date=31 December 2012|accessdate=13 October 2014|author=Febiri, Chris-Vincent A.|archivedate=15 August 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815151747/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2012/12/31/the-complete-10-chapter-adams-apples-dvd-box-set-is-out-for-sale-at-airport-shell-accra-get-yours-now/}}</ref> Adams Apples dị maka ikiri na [https://web.archive.org/web/20190830181842/https://watch.demandafrica.com/page/adams-apples Demand Africa] Archived . == Mmeghachi omume == A nabatara ihe nkiri ọ bụla na usoro ahụ nke ọma. Nollywood Reinvented, na nnyocha ya nke ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ahụ, toro ihe niile gbasara ihe nkiri ahụ ma kwuo, sị: "Shirley nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime ihe nkiri a ma bụrụ onye mmeri'. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị banyere ihe nkiri Adams Apples bụ isiokwu dịgasị iche iche o metụtara n'ụzọ dị iche iche. "Imeri ịhụnanya n'ihu ọdịiche dị n'afọ... ikike ịchọpụta agụụ mmekọahụ site n'ịhụnanya, ịchọ ihe omume na ịdabere n'eziokwu... ịnagide mmejọ ndị gara aga. Karịsịa, ịghọta mkpa ezinụlọ dị na ịtụkwasị Chineke obi na ọ ga-edozi ihe niile..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/10/adams-apples-new-beginnings.html|title=Adams Apples: New Beginnings|publisher=Nollywood Reinvented|date=24 October 2012|accessdate=16 October 2014}}</ref> Victor Olatoye nke Nollywood Critics, na nyocha ya nke isi 1 ruo 3 nke ihe nkiri ahụ, jara mmepe nke agwa ahụ mma, nyere 3.5 n'ime kpakpando 4 wee mechie: "Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ezigbo ihe nkiri nke nwere ike ime ka ị nwee obi ụtọ, mara mma, na-adọrọ adọrọ, na-atọ ọchị, ma jupụta na wahala n'ihu ma ọ bụrụ na nke ahụ bụ ihe ị chọrọ, mgbe ''''Apụl Adams'''' Apples ọ bụ. Gaa ma were ezé gị n'ime ha, mana ị maara na a ga-enwe nsogbu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nollywoodcritics.com/Archives_Display.aspx?Videoid=352|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016144307/http://nollywoodcritics.com/Archives_Display.aspx?Videoid=352|archivedate=16 October 2014|title=Movie Archives|publisher=Nollywood Critics|accessdate=12 October 2014|author=Olatoye, Victor}}</ref> Circumspecte na nchịkọta ya nke usoro ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekwu, sị: "M ga-eji otu okwu kọwaa ihe nkiri Shirley Frimpong Manso kachasị ọhụrụ, Adams Apples - na-atọ ụtọ. Ọ bụkwa, n'echiche ọ bụla nke okwu ahụ. Site na edemede, na ndị edemede, ruo na àgwà foto, egwu, ejiji, nkwalite, ihe niile n'ezie, ejirila ya mee".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.circumspecte.com/2011/04/film-reviewalert-adams-apples-shirley.html|title=Film Review/Alert: Adams Apples (Shirley Frimpong's Latest)|publisher=Circumspecte|date=23 April 2011|accessdate=13 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018100615/http://www.circumspecte.com/2011/04/film-reviewalert-adams-apples-shirley.html|archivedate=18 October 2014}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141216183320/http://adamsapplesmovie.com/ Official website] * {{IMDb title|1956416|Adams Apples}} * [https://watch.demandafrica.com/page/adams-apples Adams Apples] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190830181842/https://watch.demandafrica.com/page/adams-apples E debere kamgbe 2019-08-30 na Wayback Machine] na [https://watch.demandafrica.com Demand Africa] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} gcduc2ui6m2vchlr6t3v0nuh8nn8mud 0 77235 741793 719424 2026-10-27T16:09:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 741793 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Foto Satellite (SeaWiFS) nke Okavango Delta, na ókèala mba agbakwunyere]] [[Faịlụ:Vista_aérea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_32.jpg|thumb|Ógbè a na-ahụkarị na Okavango Delta, nke nwere ọwa mmiri na ọdọ mmiri, ala mmiri na agwaetiti n'efu]] '''Okavango Delta''' ma ọ bụ '''Okavango Grassland''' bụ nnukwu delta dị n'ime ala na Botswana ebe Osimiri Okavango ruru tectonic trough n'elu 930–1,000 m (3,050–3,280 ft)<ref name="ramsar1996">{{Cite web|title=Ramsar Information Sheet|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf|date=1996|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=31 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf}}</ref> n'etiti akụkụ nke endorheic basin nke Kalahari Desert. Ọ bụ ebe UNESCO dị n'ime ụwa dịka otu n'ime sistemụ delta ole na ole dị n'ime ya nke na-anaghị abanye n'oké osimiri ma ọ bụ oké osimiri, ya na usoro ala mmiri nke na-adịghị emebi emebi.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162|title=Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting|first=UNESCO World Heritage|author=Centre|work=Whc.unesco.org|accessdate=4 April 2018|archivedate=26 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162}}</ref> Kama nke ahụ, mmiri idei mmiri ahụ gbasaa n'elu ájá na agwaetiti ndị dị n'ime ala, nnukwu òkè na-abanyekwa n'ime obere alluvial aquifer dị n'okpuru, tupu osisi eburu ya. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmiri niile ruru delta na-apụ n'anya ma pụta ìhè. Kwa afọ, ihe dị ka kilomita 11 (cu mi 2.6) nke mmiri na-agbasa n'elu mpaghara 6,000–15,000 km2 (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Ụfọdụ mmiri idei mmiri na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri Ngami. Ebe ahụ bụbu akụkụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Makgadikgadi, ọdọ mmiri ochie nke kpọrọ nkụ nke ukwuu n'oge mbụ Holocene. Ebe Nchekwa Anụmanụ Moremi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke delta. A kpọrọ delta ahụ otu n'ime ihe ebube asaa nke Afrịka, nke a kpọsara n'ihu ọha na 11 Febụwarị 2013 na Arusha, [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa|title=Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders|work=sevennaturalwonders.org|accessdate=22 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/|archivedate=21 December 2015}}</ref> Na 22 Juun 2014, Okavango Delta ghọrọ ebe 1000 nke e debanyere aha na UNESCO World Heritage List.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159|title=World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana|first=UNESCO World Heritage|author=Centre|work=Whc.unesco.org|accessdate=4 April 2018|archivedate=26 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159}}</ref><ref name="unesco" /> == Aha ya == Aha Okavango sitere na Osimiri Okavango, nke aha ya si na Kavango, nke na-ezo aka na ndị Kavango nke ugwu Namibia.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Water|first=John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of|date=2021-09-02|title=Okavango River|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> Mkpọpụta Bekee ochie gụnyere Okovango, ebe ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta Namibia na-ahọrọ Kavango mgbe ha na-ekwu maka osimiri na mpaghara Namibia. Ọkà ihe mere eme bụ́ Andreas Eckl kwuru na akụkọ ndị German chịrị mba ahụ jiri Okavango mee ihe, mana okwu mbụ O- abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ Kavango dị n'ógbè ahụ, kama nke ahụ, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmetụta nke Herero.<ref name="eckl-2007">{{Cite journal|author=Eckl|first=Andreas|year=2007|title=Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911|url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf|journal=Journal of Namibian Studies|volume=1|pages=7–37|accessdate=12 May 2026}}</ref> == Ọdịdị ala == === Idei Mmiri === Idei mmiri na-eme ka mmiri Okavango ghọọ mmiri idei nke oge. Osimiri Okavango na-ebu mmiri sitere n'oge ọkọchị (Jenụwarị ruo Febụwarị) mmiri ozuzo sitere n'ugwu Angola, ebili mmiri ahụ na-asọkwa kilomita 1,200 (maịlụ 750) n'ime ihe dị ka otu ọnwa. Mmiri ahụ gbasaara n'elu ala 37,500 km2 (14,500 sq mi) nke delta ahụ n'ime ọnwa anọ sochirinụ (Maachị ruo Juun). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Oke okpomọkụ nke delta na-eme ka mmiri na-apụta ngwa ngwa na mmiri na-ekupụ mmiri, nke na-ebute usoro atọ nke ọkwa mmiri na-arị elu ma na-ada<ref>{{Cite web|author=C. N. Kurugundla|title=Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management|url=https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf|publisher=[[University of Botswana]]|pages=8–9|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=31 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf}}</ref> nke ahụ ka a na-aghọtachaghị ruo na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Idei mmiri na-arị elu n'etiti ọnwa Juun na Ọgọst, n'oge oyi kpọrọ nkụ nke Botswana, mgbe delta ahụ na-eto ruo okpukpu atọ nke nha ya na-adịgide adịgide, na-adọta anụmanụ site na kilomita gburugburu ma na-emepụta otu n'ime ebe kachasị ukwuu n'Africa nke anụ ọhịa. Delta ahụ dị larịị nke ukwuu, ogologo ya dị ihe na-erughị mita 2 (ụkwụ 6 na sentimita 7) n'obosara ya dị kilomita 15,000 (5,800 sq mi), ebe mmiri ahụ na-ada ihe dị ka mita 60 (ụkwụ 200) site na Mohembo ruo Maun.<ref name="ramsar1996" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wehberg|first=J.|title=Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting|journal=Biodiversity & Ecology|date=31 December 2013|volume=5|pages=11|doi=10.7809/b-e.00236}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gumbricht|first=T.|title=The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications|journal=South African Journal of Geology|date=2001|volume=104|issue=3|pages=243–264|doi=10.2113/1040243}}</ref> === Mmiri na-asọ === === Ọdọ Mmiri === [[Faịlụ:Shinde_Lagoon,_Okavango_Delta,_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, nke a hụrụ site n'ikuku]] Mgbe ọkwa mmiri ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, mmiri na-anọgide na nnukwu ọwa mmiri na akwa osimiri, n'olulu mmiri na n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ọdọ mmiri, nke na-adọta ọtụtụ anụmanụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Agwaetiti nnu === Nchikọta nnu gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ osisi na-eduga n'ebe ndị ọcha na-adịghị ọcha n'etiti ọtụtụ puku agwaetiti dị iche iche, ndị a aghọwo nnu nke na-agaghị ekwe ka osisi tolite, ma e wezụga osisi nkwụ nke na-anaghị anabata nnu mgbe ụfọdụ. Osisi na ahịhịa na-eto n'ájá gburugburu nsọtụ agwaetiti ndị ahụ na-aghọbeghị nnu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Balasubramaniam|first=T.|date=2023|title=Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress|journal=Plants (Basel, Switzerland)|volume=12|issue=12|pages=2253|doi=10.3390/plants12122253|pmid=37375879}}</ref> Ihe dị ka pasentị iri asaa nke agwaetiti ndị ahụ malitere dị ka ugwu termite (nke a na-akpọkarị Macrotermes spp.), ebe osisi na-agbanye mgbọrọgwụ n'elu ugwu ala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August|url=http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm|author=Dunford|first=C.|accessdate=29 May 2020|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm}}</ref> === Àgwàetiti Chief === E ji ahịrị dị n'elu ugwu nke dị kilomita iri asaa n'ogologo (mile iri anọ na atọ) na kilomita iri na ise n'obosara (mile iri itoolu na atọ) mepụta agwaetiti Chief's Island (19°12'S 22°48'E), agwaetiti kachasị ukwuu na delta. N'oge gara aga, e debere ya dị ka ebe ịchụ nta pụrụ iche maka onyeisi, mana ugbu a ọ bụ ebe nchekwa maka anụ ọhịa. Ugbu a, ọ na-enye ebe dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ anụmanụ bi ebe ahụ mgbe mmiri na-arị elu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Mmiri na-amụ banyere mmiri == Ọwa mmiri nke Okavango Delta sitere na Osimiri Okavango, nke e ji njikọta nke osimiri Cubango na Cuito dị n'Angola mepụta tupu ọ gafee Namibia wee banye Botswana. Mgbe ọ banyere n'ime delta dị nso na Mohembo, osimiri ahụ na-ekewa n'ime netwọk dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọwa nkesa, ala idei mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, na apịtị na-adịgide adịgide nke na-akwado otu n'ime nnukwu delta dị n'ime ime obodo n'ụwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wolski|first=P.|year=2003|title=Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth|volume=28|issue=20–27|pages=1165–1172|doi=10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=McCarthy|first=T.S.|year=2023|title=Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River|journal=Journal of Hydrology|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370}}</ref> Major distributary channels include the Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, and Jao systems. Ọwa ndị a na-ekesa mmiri idei mmiri oge niile n'ofe delta, imepụta mosaic siri ike nke ala mmiri na-adịgide adịgide na ala idei mmiri nke mmiri jupụtara n'oge nke na-akwado ụdị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gieske|first=A.|year=1997|title=Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-hydrology_1997-06_193_1-4/page/214|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=193|pages=214–239|doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2}}</ref> Ihe dị ka pasentị 96–98 nke mmiri na-abanye na delta na-efunahụ site na ikuku mmiri, mmiri mmiri na-agbapụta, na ikuku mmiri, ebe naanị obere akụkụ na-esi na sistemụ ahụ apụta site n'osimiri Thamalakane na Boteti.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gieske|first=A.|year=1997|title=Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-hydrology_1997-06_193_1-4/page/214|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=193|pages=214–239|doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wolski|first=P.|year=2003|title=Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth|doi=10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe == [[Faịlụ:Okavango_Delta.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nlegharị anya n'elu nke delta ka idei mmiri na-agbadata, Ọgọst 2012]] Ọ bụghị na mmiri dị n'ime Delta ka ahịhịa ndụ juru eju; kama ọ bụ ebe a na-akpọ oasis n'obodo kpọrọ nkụ. Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 450 mm (inchi 18) (ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mpaghara Angola ha na-ejide mmiri) ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ada n'etiti Disemba na Maachị n'ụdị oké ifufe ehihie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Okavango Delta {{!}} Botswana|url=https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=www.namibweb.com}}</ref> Disemba ruo Febụwarị bụ ọnwa mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere okpomọkụ ehihie dị elu ruo 40 °C (104 °F), abalị na-ekpo ọkụ, na ọkwa iru mmiri na-agbanwe n'etiti 50 na 80%. Site na Machị ruo Mee, okpomọkụ na-ebelata, ma ọ dịkarịa ala 30°C (86°F) n'ehihie ma dịkwa jụụ n'abalị. Mmiri ozuzo na-akpọnwụ ngwa ngwa ruo n'oge oyi kpọrọ nkụ nke ọnwa Juun ruo Ọgọst. Okpomọkụ ehihie n'oge a n'afọ na-adị obere ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, mana okpomọkụ na-ada nke ukwuu mgbe anyanwụ dara. Oyi nwere ike ịdị n'abalị na delta, ebe okpomọkụ anaghị agafe oke oyi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana|work=Climatestotravel.com|accessdate=2020-05-15|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana}}</ref> A na-ahụ ntu oyi mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge oyi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta|title=A Year in the Okavango Delta|work=Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com|access-date=2026-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619000848/https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta|archive-date=2026-06-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> The September to November span has the heat and atmospheric pressure build up once more, as the dry season slides into the rainy season. Ọktoba bụ ọnwa kacha sie ike maka ndị ọbịa: okpomọkụ ehihie na-adịkarị karịa 40°C (104°F) na mgbe ụfọdụ, nkụ ahụ na-agbaji site na mberede nke oké ifufe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=UNEP-WCMC|date=2017-05-22|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=World Heritage Datasheet|language=en}}</ref> == Anụmanụ nke Delta == [[Faịlụ:Cheetah_at_Sunset.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cheetah nke e sere n'ihu ọdịda anyanwụ na Delta]] Okavango Delta bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche na nke oge. Anụmanụ niile nke nnukwu anụ ise, [[Odúm|lion]], [[Ágụ|leopard]], African buffalo, African bush elephant, black na white rhinoceros nọ ebe a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Galpine|first=N. J.|year=2006|title=Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons|journal=Ecological Journal|volume=7|pages=55−61|url=https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2020|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Antílopes_lechwes_(Kobus_leche),_vista_aérea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_27.jpg|thumb|Obere nchịkọta nke antelopes lechwe, Okavango Delta]] Anụmanụ buru ibu kachasị baa ụba bụ red lechwe, atụmatụ na-egosi na ihe dị ka 88,000. Ụdị ndị ọzọ gụnyere giraffe, blue wildebeest, plains zebra, hippopotamus,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=McCarthy|first=T. S.|year=1998|title=Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=African Journal of Ecology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=44−56|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x}}</ref> impala, common eland, greater kudu, sable antelope, roan antelope, puku, waterbuck, sitatunga, tsessebe, cheetah,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Klein|first=R.|year=2007|title=Status report for the cheetah in Botswana|journal=Cat News|volume=Special Issue 1|pages=13−21|url=http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2020|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Nkịta ọhịa nke Afrịka|African wild dog]], spotted hyena, black-backed jackal, caracal, serval, aardvark, aardwolf, bat-eared fox, African savanna hare, honey badger, common warthog, chacma baboon, vervet monkey na Nile crocodile.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Wallace|first=K. M.|year=2008|title=Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=Journal of Herpetology|volume=42|issue=2|pages=361−368|doi=10.1670/07-1071.1}}</ref> Delta ahụ nwekwara ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 400, gụnyere helmeted guineafowl, African fish eagle, Pel's fishing owl, Egyptian goose, South African shelduck, African jacana, African skimmer, marabou stork, crested crane, African spoonbill, [[Onye na-agba ụta n'Afrịka|African darter]], southern ground hornbill, wattled crane,<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Alonso|year=2003|title=A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey|series=RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment|publisher=Conservation International|location=Washington, DC|isbn=1-881173-70-4}}</ref> lilac-breasted roller, secretary bird na common ostrich.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mbaiwa|first=J. E.|year=2006|title=The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=International Journal of Wilderness|volume=12|issue=3|pages=17−41}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2005, a na-ewere ebe nchekwa ahụ dị ka Ngalaba Nchekwa Ọdụm yana Ogige Ntụrụndụ Hwange.<ref>{{Cite book|author=IUCN Cat Specialist Group|year=2006|title=Conservation Strategy for the Lion ''Panthera leo'' in Eastern and Southern Africa|publisher=IUCN|location=Pretoria, South Africa}}</ref> By 2019, about 150 rhinocerosses were living in the northern Okavango Delta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html|work=Voa News|accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref> Site na 2020 ruo 2021, ndị na-achụ nta anụ gburu rhino 92 na mpaghara delta, nke mere ka naanị rhino 40 fọdụrụ, nke mere ka gọọmentị chụpụ rhino ndị ahụ na Okavango Delta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref> === Azụ === Okavango Delta nwere ụdị azụ̀ iri asaa na otu, gụnyere azụ̀ tigerfish, ụdị azụ̀ tilapia, na ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche nke catfish. Nha azụ̀ dị site na azụ̀ sharptooth nke Afrịka nke dị mita 1.4 (ụkwụ 4.6) ruo na 3.2 cm (1.3 in) nke sickle barb. Ụdị ihe ndị a na-eme n'Osimiri Zambezi, nke na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti usoro osimiri abụọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf|title=The Fishes of the Okavango Delta|work=Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre|year=2007|accessdate=2011-02-02|archivedate=6 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf}}</ref> == Osisi == Okavango Delta nwere osisi 1068 nke ezinụlọ 134 na ụdị 530.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Ramberg|first=L.|date=2006|title=Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917|journal=Aquatic Sciences|volume=68|issue=3|pages=316|doi=10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y}}</ref> E nwere osisi mpaghara ise dị mkpa n'ime apịtị ndị na-adịgide adịgide: ''Papyrus cyperus'' n'ime mmiri miri emi, Miscanthus n'ebe idei mmiri na-adịghị omimi, na Phragmites australis, Typha capensis na Pycreus n'etiti. Ụdị apịtị ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ime apịtị ndị na-adịgide adịgide, na-agbasakwa ruo n'ebe mmiri na-ezo n'oge.<ref name=":0" /> ''Papyrus cyperus'' ubi ahịhịa na-eto nke ọma na mmiri na-asọ nwayọ nwayọ nke dị omimi ọkara ma na-apụta ìhè n'akụkụ ọwa mmiri. N'agwaetiti na ala ndị dị n'elu ala ahịhịa ndị idei mmiri jupụtara, e nwere obodo dị iche iche nke osisi dị iche iche. A na-ahụ ụdị ndị a dịka mmiri ha si chọọ: dịka ọmụmaatụ ''Philenoptera violacea'' a naghị achọ mmiri nke ọma, ọ na-adịkwa n'ebe kachasị elu n'ala mmiri ndị na-adịgide adịgide, ọ na-adịkarịkwa n'agwaetiti mmiri ndị kpọrọ nkụ n'oge ọkọchị. Osisi ndị a na-ahụkarị n'agwaetiti ndị dị n'ime apịtị na-adịgide adịgide bụ ngwakọta nke osisi nkwụ ''Hyphaene'' ''petersiana'' na acacias.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Toerien|first=D. K.|date=1976|title=Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook|journal=Koedoe|volume=19|issue=1|doi=10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|issn=2071-0771}}</ref> Osisi ndị dị na delta na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbochi mbuze. Agwaetiti ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri nke osimiri na-enwekarị apịtị dị elu, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ájá dị n'osimiri ahụ iji na-ewulite akụkụ osimiri ahụ mgbe niile. Ibu osimiri ahụ dị n'ime delta fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ájá kpamkpam, n'ihi na mmiri dị ọcha nke Okavango nwere obere apịtị. Osisi ndị ahụ na-ejide ájá ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka gluu ma na-emeju enweghị apịtị, ma na-emepụta agwaetiti ndị ọzọ ebe osisi ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgba mkpọrọgwụ na ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Nanson|first=G. C.|title=Rivers and alluvial fans|date=1978|pages=925–952|publisher=Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/3-540-31079-7_173|isbn=978-3-540-31079-2}}</ref> == Ndị mmadụ == [[Faịlụ:Travesía_del_delta_del_Okavango_en_makoro,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_22.jpg|thumb|Hambukushu na-eduzi osisi ya na mmiri ozuzo]] Ndị Okavango Delta nwere agbụrụ ise, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara na asụsụ nke ya:<ref>{{Cite web|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=www.botswana-info.com|archivedate=2026-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701153533/https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta}}</ref> * Ndị Hambukushu (a makwaara dị ka Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * Ndị Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * Ndị Wayeyi (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * Ndị Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, G|anda) * Ndị ǁanikhwe (Gxanekwe, ǁtanekwe, [[River Bushmen]], Swamp Bushmen, Gǁani, ǁani, Xanekwe). Ndị Hambukushu, Dceriku, na Wayeyi na-etinye aka n'akụ na ụba dị iche iche dịka ọrụ ugbo millet/sorghum, ịkụ azụ̀, ịchụ nta, ịchịkọta nri osisi ọhịa, na ịzụ anụ ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-20|title=Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network|url=https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ndị Bugakhwe na ǁanikwhe bụ Ndị Bushmen, bụ́ ndị na-akụ azụ̀, ịchụ nta, na ịchịkọta nri osisi ọhịa; Bugakhwe jiri ma ihe ndị dị n'ime ọhịa ma nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri mee ihe, ebe ndị bi n'akụkụ osimiri lekwasịrị anya nke ukwuu. Hambukushu, Dceriku, na Bugakhwe dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Okavango dị n'Angola nakwa n'akụkụ Caprivi nke Namibia, obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Hambukushu na Bugakhwe dịkwa na Zambia. N'ime Okavango Delta, n'ime ihe dị ka afọ 150 gara aga ma ọ bụ karịa, Hambukushu, Dceriku, na Bugakhwe ebirila na panhandle na Magwegqana dị na delta ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ndị mmadụ bi na panhandle na mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Boro site na delta, tinyere mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Boteti.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=Baruch Safaris|language=de}}</ref> Wayeyi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayeyi|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015|language=en-GB|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/}}</ref> ebiela n'ógbè dị gburugburu Seronga yana mpaghara ndịda gbara gburugburu Maun, na ole na ole Wayeyi<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Campbell|first=Alexander Colin|date=March 1980|title=The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|journal=Museum International|volume=32|issue=1–2|pages=61–66|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|issn=1350-0775|accessdate=2 June 2021}}</ref> bi n'ụlọ nna nna ha dị na Caprivi Strip. N'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, ọtụtụ mmadụ si n'akụkụ niile nke Okavango akwagaala Maun, n'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, ihe karịrị ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Hambukushu 4,000 si Angola biri n'ógbè dị gburugburu Etsha na ọdịda anyanwụ Panhandle. Kemgbe ngwụcha narị afọ nke 18, Okavango Delta anọwo n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Batawana (mba Tswana).<ref>{{Cite web|first=Moanaphuti|author=Segolodi|title=Ditso Tsa Batawana|date=1940|url=https://www.academia.edu/12170767|accessdate=1 May 2015|archivedate=6 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye ụlọ Mathiba nke Mbụ, onye ndu otu ndị Bangladesh, Batawana guzobere njikwa zuru oke na delta ahụ n'afọ 1850 ka azụmaahịa ọdụdụ mpaghara ahụ gbawara.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Barry|author=Morton|title=The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880|journal=South African Historical Journal|volume=36|year=1997|pages=220–239|doi=10.1080/02582479708671276}}</ref> Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ndị Batawana bi n'akụkụ delta, n'ihi iyi egwu nke ijiji tsetse na-etinye n'ahụ ehi ha. N'ime oge ezumike nke ihe dị ka afọ iri anọ, ijiji tsetse laghachiri azụ, ọtụtụ ndị Batawana bikwa n'ime apịtị site na 1896 ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1930. Kemgbe ahụ, ọnụ ụzọ delta ahụ ejupụtala nke ukwuu n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ na anụ ụlọ ya. == Njem == Ọzara nke Okavango Delta na anụ ọhịa ya na-adọta ọtụtụ narị puku ndị njem nleta kwa afọ, obodo Maun na-eje ozi dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ámá mpaghara ahụ. Njem nlegharị anya nke oge a malitere n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1960, mgbe e wuru ogige ntụrụndụ nke oge a mbụ na delta. Ngwaahịa njem nlegharị anya kemgbe amụbaala gụnyere safaris ụlọ dị elu, safaris mkpanaka, ịga ụlọikwuu onwe onye, ikiri nnụnụ, draịvụ egwuregwu, ụgbọ elu mara mma, njem a na-eduzi, ịkụ azụ̀ ntụrụndụ na njem ụgbọ mmiri.<ref name="mbaiwa-2005">{{Cite journal|author=Mbaiwa|first=J. E.|year=2005|title=Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|url=https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf|journal=Tourism Management|volume=26|issue=2|pages=157–172|doi=10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005|accessdate=12 May 2026}}</ref> Botswana akwalitela usoro njem dị oke ọnụ, nke na-anaghị efu nnukwu ego na mpaghara Okavango, nke e bu n'obi iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-eme ka ndị ọbịa nwee nnukwu mmefu. Akụkọ UNESCO nke afọ 2014 chọpụtara na e nwere akwa ndị njem nleta 2,129 n'ógbè ahụ. Na 2017, ndị Delta nabatara ndị ọbịa 52,638, nke 43,363 bụ ndị njem nleta mba ofesi ebe 9,275 bụ ndị obodo. Nke a bụ obere akụkụ nke otu nde ndị njem nleta mba ofesi Botswana na-enweta kwa afọ. == ''Molapos'' (iyi mmiri) == [[Faịlụ:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Ihe mgbochi idei mmiri maka ndalata idei mmiri na-akụ na ''molapo'' nke Okavango, Botswana]] Mgbe oge idei mmiri gasịrị, mmiri dị n'akụkụ ala nke delta ahụ, nso ntọala ya, na-ebelata, na-ahapụ mmiri n'ime ala. A na-eji mmiri a fọdụrụnụ akụ ihe ubi na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike itolite na ya. A na-akpọ ala a ''molapo''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=kmcgee|date=2023-06-11|title=June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee|url=https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 1974 na 1978, idei mmiri ahụ karịrị nke nkịtị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkọ ihe ubi n'oge ịda ogbenye idei mmiri, ya mere e nwere nnukwu ụkọ nri na nri. N'ihi nzaghachi ya, e bidoro ọrụ mmepe Molapo. O ji ihe ndị e ji ekpuchi ebe ndị dị na molapo chebe ha iji chịkwaa idei mmiri ahụ ma gbochie oke idei mmiri. E tinyere ọnụ ụzọ ámá mmiri n'ime igbe ndị ahụ ka e wee nwee ike ịhapụ mmiri echekwara ma malite ịkụ ihe ubi n'oge idei mmiri. == Ihe iyi egwu ndị nwere ike ime == Otu ihe nwere ike iyi egwu bụ nchọpụta mmanụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Canada bụ ReconAfrica. Nnyocha mbụ e mere n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021 gosiri na mmanụ dị n'ime nkume sedimentary.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ltd|first=Reconnaissance Energy Africa|title=ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html|accessdate=2021-04-27|work=Newswire.ca|language=en|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055430/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html}}</ref> Ndị ọkachamara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwe nchegbu na ọrụ a ga-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi nakwa na ụfọdụ n'ime isi mmiri nwere ike ịdaba n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region|url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region|accessdate=2021-04-27|work=Yale E360|language=en-US|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055427/https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-22|title=Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk|accessdate=2021-04-27|work=Animals|language=en|archivedate=27 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk}}</ref> ReconAfrica ekwuola, "Ọ dịghị mmebi ọ bụla ga-eme na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ihe omume ndị a haziri."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project|url=https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/|work=reconafrica.com|accessdate=30 April 2021|archivedate=29 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Wilson-Spath|first=Andreas|date=2020-12-15|title=OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Daily Maverick|language=en|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/}}</ref> Gọọmentị Namibia ewepụtala atụmatụ iwulite ọdụ ike mmiri na mpaghara Zambezi, nke ga-achịkwa usoro mmiri Okavango ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-akwado ya na-arụ ụka na mmetụta ya agaghị adị obere, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-arụ ụka na ọrụ a nwere ike ibibi ọtụtụ anụmanụ na osisi bara ọgaranya na delta. Ihe iyi egwu ndị ọzọ gụnyere mwakpo mmadụ na mpaghara na mwepụta mmiri mpaghara na Angola na Namibia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/|title=Threats - Okavango Delta|work=Okavangodelta.com|accessdate=4 April 2018|archivedate=22 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/|title=Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice|work=Macauhub English|date=11 March 2016|accessdate=2 November 2016|archivedate=4 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/}}</ref> Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-echekwa ihe ndị dị na mba Saụt Afrịka bụ Rick Lomba dọrọ aka ná ntị n'afọ 1980 gbasara iyi egwu nke mwakpo ehi na mpaghara ahụ. Ihe nkiri ya bụ ''The End of Eden'' gosiri etu o si na-akwado delta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=Baruch Safaris|language=de}}</ref> A na-atụ anya na mmiri ozuzo nke Okavango ga-ebelata kwa afọ yana mmụba okpomọkụ n'ihi okpomọkụ ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=ASSAR|year=2019|title=What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana|publisher=Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR)|url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf|accessdate=6 August 2019|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mmetụta nke okpomọọkụ ụwa nwere ike ibute mbelata na oke idei mmiri na Okavango Delta, nke ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'inweta mmiri yana ịzụ anụ ụlọ na ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Murray-Hudson|first=M.|date=2006|title=Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=331|issue=1|pages=73–84|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041}}</ref> Ọrụ nchekwa nke Conservation International Botswana na mpaghara Okavango Delta gụnyere agụmakwụkwọ na itinye aka na amụma yana nyocha na nlekota dịka nyocha anụ ọhịa dị n'elu ikuku na ọrụ nyocha ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.<ref name="CIBotswanaAbout">{{Cite web|title=About Conservation International Botswana|work=Conservation International Botswana|url=https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * Ndagwurugwu Kalahari == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}  == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|first=P.|author=Allison|year=2007|title=Whatever You Do, Don't Run: True Tales Of A Botswana Safari Guide|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=9780762745654|url=https://archive.org/details/whateveryoudodon00alli}} * {{Cite journal|first=J.|author=Bock|year=2002|title=Learning, Life History, and Productivity: Children's lives in the Okavango Delta of Botswana|journal=Human Nature|volume=13|issue=2|pages=161–198|doi=10.1007/s12110-002-1007-4|pmid=26192757|url=<!-- http://anthro.fullerton.edu/jbock/Bock%20HN%202002.pdf Unsure copyright status-->}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Conservation International E debere ya na Wayback Machine * [https://www.okavango.com/concessions.php Ebe ndị Okavango Delta nwere ikike] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160205022203/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu nke Ngamiland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061006083431/http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/attractions/moremi.html Ebe gọọmentị Botswana na Moremi Game Reserve, n'ime Okavango Delta] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000710/http://www.wildentrust.org/ Wild Entrust International] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/ Ihe ịtụnanya asaa nke Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120319185832/http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/natures-most-amazing-events/how-stuff-works/kalahari-elephants.html Discovery Channel - Iju Mmiri nke Kalahari] * [http://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Iju Mmiri na-emebi ihe na molapos nke Okavango Delta] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150401231635/http://www.orc.ub.bw/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Okavango] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120807161048/http://168.167.30.198/ori/ Mmiri Okavango dị ugbu a, data ihu igwe na foto satellite] Archived 7 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J-ODVl9Omg/ 1986 Ihe omuma The End of Eden nke Rick Lomba] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e1ay2uphp6sthys78ha30r9vj69tjyy 4 81258 741810 739797 2026-10-27T21:55:16Z Macocobovi 13114 /* Discussion */ 741810 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[User:IgboRefBot|IgboRefBot]]== {{Bot ohu|IgboRefBot}} '''Operator:''' {{u|Dolphyb}} <!--Automatic: Specify whether supervised or unsupervised --> <!--Manually Assisted: User must manually confirm every change --> '''Automatic or Manually Assisted:''' Automatic <!--Programming Language: The computer language that this bot will be written in. E.g. Python, Java, C, VB, AutoWikiBrowser. NOT English etc --> '''[[:en:Programming Language|Programming Language]](s):''' Python <!--Please keep Function Summary SHORT--> '''Function Summary:''' IgboRefBot is an automated bot created to help maintain and improve references on the Igbo Wikipedia '''Edit period(s)''' ''(e.g. Continuous, daily, one time run)''''':''' runs daily <!--For existing bots only--> '''Already has a bot flag''' ''(Y/N)''''':''' No <!--List full function details here--> '''Function Details:''' === Bot Function === The bot helps identify and repair common reference and citation problems, particularly when content is translated from the English Wikipedia to Igbo Wikipedia that is located in [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%C3%BA:Pages_with_reference_errors this category] The bot will fix: * Missing empty reference definition with multiple definitions of same reference. * Missing reference list<nowiki> <References /> or reference template {{Reflist}} and Edensibịa</nowiki> * Named reference without any definition found. * Multiple definitions of the same named reference. * Malformed <ref> tag. * Remove unnamed ref tag * references | Reflist block inconsistencies * Multiple <references> tags or <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki> '''Note''': ''This list is likely going to grow with more tasks in the future.'' === Edit Type === Edits will be limited to articles with citation problems that exists on [https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%C3%BA:Pages_with_reference_errors this category.] === Safeguards === * The bot will not overwrite any existing content on the article apart from the citation problem been detected. * The bot will skip articles that has no citation problem. * The bot will maintain a local log of all articles that it has worked on just to keep track of them. * The bot will comply with community feedback and can be stopped immediately if issues arise. === Framework === The bot is built using Pywikibot and operates via the official MediaWiki API. ===Discussion=== <!-- This is not a vote. It is a discussion --> * I strongly support the development of this bot to help fix citation errors in most articles. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 07:55, 22 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) * I support this great movement, it will enhance clarity in the project. [[ Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Philip Emeka]] * I strongly support this bot development as it would help to fix overlooked errors. [[Ńkàtá ojiarụ: Chrysella|Chrysella]] *Having seen the many errors caused by translating articles from the English to the Igbo Wikipedia, i see the importance of having this bot to fix those reference errors. [[User:Sayvhior|<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#ffe900 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#ffe900 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Sayvhior</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Sayvhior|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 10:04, 22 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) * I strongly support this bot as i have been waiting long for its implementation and it would be a massive help to my community for all our programs [[Ojiarụ:Adimora chidinma|Adimora chidinma]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Adimora chidinma|ṅkátá]]) * I '''strongly support''' the idea. It will give room for better edited articles. [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 10:23, 22 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) * Having seen the great amount of errors this bot has rectified, I am proudly endorsing it. It has reduced the number of reference errors that occur when articles are being translated from English Wikipedia to Igbo Wikipedia using the Content translation tool. Igbo Editors have tried a lot in combating this issue but it can't be covered only by human efforts, so therefore, this bot has bridged that gap. I strongly support it. [[Ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|Vivian Amalachukwu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Vivian Amalachukwu|ṅkátá]]) 10:28, 22 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) *I support this initiative, as it will make correcting citation errors on Igbo Wikipedia easier and help improve the quality of articles. [[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Mirah50|Mirah50]] * I strongly support the development of this bot. [[Ojiarụ: Macocobovi|Macocobovi]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Macocobovi|ṅkátá]]) 21:55, 27 Ọktoba 2026 (UTC) 9hb6qob0lpdc7w8fw4l6011d5yhnh4m 1728 81266 741798 2026-10-27T19:57:39Z Geraldine Kene 23189 Jiri '==Expanding Igbo verb entries on Wiktionary== ===Project Overview=== This project aims to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating new verb entries. It will involve identifying undocumented verbs, verifying their meanings and spellings, and adding relevant definitions, grammatical information, usage examples, and translations where appropriate. The project seeks to fill gaps in Igbo-language content, make Igbo vocabulary more accessible to speakers, learners,...' kere ihü 741798 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Expanding Igbo verb entries on Wiktionary== ===Project Overview=== This project aims to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating new verb entries. It will involve identifying undocumented verbs, verifying their meanings and spellings, and adding relevant definitions, grammatical information, usage examples, and translations where appropriate. The project seeks to fill gaps in Igbo-language content, make Igbo vocabulary more accessible to speakers, learners, translators, and researchers, and support the preservation and digital development of Igbo in line with Wikimedia’s goals of expanding free knowledge and linguistic diversity. ===Project Goals=== 8k5xzjx94r8vbzhs3mcwbmtkkx2puw7 741812 741798 2026-10-27T23:11:30Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Expanding Igbo verb entries on Wiktionary */ 741812 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Expanding Igbo verb entries on Wiktionary== ===Project Overview=== This project aims to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating new verb entries. It will involve identifying undocumented verbs, verifying their meanings and spellings, and adding relevant definitions, grammatical information, usage examples, and translations where appropriate. The project seeks to fill gaps in Igbo-language content, make Igbo vocabulary more accessible to speakers, learners, translators, and researchers, and support the preservation and digital development of Igbo in line with Wikimedia’s goals of expanding free knowledge and linguistic diversity. ===Project Goals=== The goal of this project is to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating 100 new verb entries. It aims to fill existing content gaps, improve access to reliable Igbo vocabulary resources, and support the preservation and digital development of the Igbo language. ===Project Timeline=== Nocember 6th-Novrmber 31st aci7j0ahepbqoqf0wfhfpl726apdq7t 741813 741812 2026-10-28T02:36:40Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project Timeline */ 741813 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Expanding Igbo verb entries on Wiktionary== ===Project Overview=== This project aims to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating new verb entries. It will involve identifying undocumented verbs, verifying their meanings and spellings, and adding relevant definitions, grammatical information, usage examples, and translations where appropriate. The project seeks to fill gaps in Igbo-language content, make Igbo vocabulary more accessible to speakers, learners, translators, and researchers, and support the preservation and digital development of Igbo in line with Wikimedia’s goals of expanding free knowledge and linguistic diversity. ===Project Goals=== The goal of this project is to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating 100 new verb entries. It aims to fill existing content gaps, improve access to reliable Igbo vocabulary resources, and support the preservation and digital development of the Igbo language. ===Project Timeline=== Nocember 6th-Novrmber 30th rft0sms07ufx6gcxp9rajv2qbyd53wl 741814 741813 2026-10-28T02:36:53Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project Timeline */ 741814 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Expanding Igbo verb entries on Wiktionary== ===Project Overview=== This project aims to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating new verb entries. It will involve identifying undocumented verbs, verifying their meanings and spellings, and adding relevant definitions, grammatical information, usage examples, and translations where appropriate. The project seeks to fill gaps in Igbo-language content, make Igbo vocabulary more accessible to speakers, learners, translators, and researchers, and support the preservation and digital development of Igbo in line with Wikimedia’s goals of expanding free knowledge and linguistic diversity. ===Project Goals=== The goal of this project is to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating 100 new verb entries. It aims to fill existing content gaps, improve access to reliable Igbo vocabulary resources, and support the preservation and digital development of the Igbo language. ===Project Timeline=== November 6th-Novrmber 30th b9a9j4g67oo9dg8yd1yapnuc2o2u9gb 0 81267 741815 2026-10-28T02:42:43Z Iggiesanding 67339 Mmekọrịta 741815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enyi nwanyị''' bụ [[nwanyị]] bụ enyi, onye maara ma ọ bụ onye mmekọ ya na onye na-ekwu okwu, nke na-abụkarị enyi nwanyị nke mmadụ na ya na-akpakọrịta n'ụzọ klaasị, n'ụzọ ịhụnanya, ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ mmekọahụ. N'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, nke a na-egosipụtakarị mmekọrịta siri ike ebe ndị mmadụ na-akpa, mana ha alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye. Aha ndị ọzọ, dị ka "''[[nwunye]]''", na-egosikarị na ndị ahụ lụrụ di na nwunye n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. Okwu yiri nke a maka ụmụ nwoke bụ "[[enyi nwoke]]". [[Category:Okwu ọhụrụ e mepụtara n'afọ ndị 1860]] [[Category:Mmekọrịta chiri anya]] [[Category:Okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwanyị]] [[Category:Ụmụ agbọghọ]] 5rqnzwnx9bmpc1gaw0sxrtsfxeqlk2c 0 81268 741816 2026-10-28T02:47:13Z Iggiesanding 67339 Jiri ''''Enyi nwoke''' bụ [[nwoke]] bụ enyi ma ọ bụ onye onye na-ekwu okwu maara; ọ na-ezokarị aka n'onye nwoke a na-enwe mmekọrịta mgbe niile—ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta enyi nkịtị, mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta gbasara mmekọahụ.<ref> Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, published 23 June 2005, University of Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-861022-9 edition</ref> A pụkwara ịkpọ enyi nwoke onye na-achọ ihe, onye mara...' kere ihü 741816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enyi nwoke''' bụ [[nwoke]] bụ enyi ma ọ bụ onye onye na-ekwu okwu maara; ọ na-ezokarị aka n'onye nwoke a na-enwe mmekọrịta mgbe niile—ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta enyi nkịtị, mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta gbasara mmekọahụ.<ref> Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, published 23 June 2005, University of Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-861022-9 edition</ref> A pụkwara ịkpọ enyi nwoke onye na-achọ ihe, onye mara mma, onye na-achọ ịlụ di na onye hụrụ ya n'anya.<ref>http://thesaurus.com/browse/boyfriend?s=t</ref> Okwu yiri nke a maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ "[[enyi nwanyị]]". [[Category:Mmekọrịta chiri anya]] [[Category:Okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwoke]] [[Category:Ụmụ nwoke]] [[Category:Ụmụ nwoke dịka ọrụ ha si dị]] k4rksf4gun9rojrtq6ic6z0pjmc846i 741817 741816 2026-10-28T02:47:42Z Iggiesanding 67339 741817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enyi nwoke''' bụ [[nwoke]] bụ enyi ma ọ bụ onye onye na-ekwu okwu maara; ọ na-ezokarị aka n'onye nwoke a na-enwe mmekọrịta mgbe niile—ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta enyi nkịtị, mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta gbasara mmekọahụ.<ref> Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, published 23 June 2005, University of Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-861022-9 edition</ref> A pụkwara ịkpọ enyi nwoke onye na-achọ ihe, onye mara mma, onye na-achọ ịlụ di na onye hụrụ ya n'anya.<ref>http://thesaurus.com/browse/boyfriend?s=t</ref> Okwu yiri nke a maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ "[[enyi nwanyị]]". ==Ntụaka== [[Category:Mmekọrịta chiri anya]] [[Category:Okwu ndị metụtara ụmụ nwoke]] [[Category:Ụmụ nwoke]] [[Category:Ụmụ nwoke dịka ọrụ ha si dị]] egn1hr0ps1y7tv0l8hgfb5wslvyb8uk