Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Togo 0 3085 743568 724981 2026-11-06T06:21:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ngwómárí Obodo|conventional_long_name=Togolese Republic|common_name=Togo|native_name={{native name|fr|République togolaise|fontsize=100%}}|image_flag=Flag of Togo.svg|image_coat=Emblem of Togo.svg|symbol_type=Coat of arms|national_motto={{lang|fr|"Travail, Liberté, Patrie"|italics=no}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanlegislaturesproject.org/content/constitution-togo|title=Constitution of Togo|year=2002|access-date=20 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214090412/http://www.africanlegislaturesproject.org/content/constitution-togo|archive-date=14 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />({{Langx|en|"Work, Liberty, Homeland"}})|national_anthem={{lang|fr|"[[Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux|Terre de nos aïeux]]"|italics=no}}<br />({{Langx|en|"Land of our ancestors"}}){{parabr}}|image_map=|map_caption=|capital=[[Lomé]]|largest_city=Lomé|languages_type=Spoken languages|languages={{collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{nobold|List:}} |[[French language|French]] |[[Ewe language|Ewe]] |[[Gbe languages|Gbe]] |[[Gur languages|Gur]] |[[Kwa languages|Kwa]] |[[Kabiye language|Kabiye]] |[[Talni language|Talensi]] |[[Wasa dialect|Wasa]] |[[Aguna language|Aguna]] |[[Adja language|Aja]] |[[Ngangam language|Ngangam]] |[[Ntcham language|Ntcham]] |[[Tammari language|Tammari]] |[[Tem language|Tem]] |[[Ifè language|Ifè]] |[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] }}|ethnic_groups={{collapsible list|title_style=nobold|title={{nobold|[[Demographics of Togo|African]] (94.4%)}}<ref name="cia">{{cite web|title=Togo|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/|website=CIA World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=26 October 2017|archive-date=12 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171517/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/|url-status=dead|accessdate=1 June 2025|archivedate=12 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171517/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/}}</ref> |[[Aja people|Aja]], [[Ewe people|Ewe]] and [[Gen language|Mina]] (42.4%) |[[Kabye people|Kabye]] and [[Tem people|Tem]] (25.9%) |[[Akan people|Akan]] and [[Gurma people|Gurma]] (17.1%) |[[Kposo people|Kposo]] and [[Kebu language|Akebu]] (4.1%) |[[Ana people|Ana-Ife]] (3.2%) |Other West African groups (1.7%)}} [[Demographics of Togo|non-African]] (5.6%)<ref name="cia" />|demonym=[[Demographics of Togo|Togolese]]|government_type=[[Unitary parliamentary republic]] under an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] [[dynasty]] system|leader_title1=[[List of presidents of Togo|President]]|leader_name1=[[Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové]]|leader_title2=[[President of the Council of Ministers of Togo|President of the Council of Ministers]]|leader_name2=[[Faure Gnassingbé]]|legislature=[[Parliament of Togo|Parliament]]|upper_house=[[Senate (Togo)|Senate]]|lower_house=[[National Assembly (Togo)|National Assembly]]|sovereignty_type=[[History of Togo|Independence]] {{nobold|from [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[France]]}}|established_event1=[[Togoland|German Togoland]]|established_date1=5 July 1884|established_event2=[[Togoland Campaign]]|established_date2=6–26 August 1914|established_event3=[[French Togoland]] partitioned|established_date3=27 December 1916|established_event4=Autonomy within the [[French Union]]|established_date4=24 August 1956|established_event5=Independence granted from [[France]]|established_date5=27 April 1960|area_km2=56,785<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Togo country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14106781 |website=BBC News |access-date=27 January 2021 |date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014182000/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14106781 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://voyage.gouv.tg/ |title=Accueil - Voyage Togo |access-date=2 March 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108215213/https://voyage.gouv.tg/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|area_rank=123rd|area_sq_mi=22,008|percent_water=4.2|population_census=8,095,498<ref>{{cite web |title=Togo-Les résultats définitifs du 5e RGPH |url=https://icilome.com/2023/04/togo-les-resultats-definitifs-du-5e-rgph/ |website=Icilome |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=4 April 2023}}</ref>|population_census_year=2022|population_census_rank=|population_estimate={{increase}} 9,583,381<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Togo|access-date=31 October 2024|year=2024}}</ref>|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=101st|population_density_km2=125.9|population_density_sq_mi=243|population_density_rank=60th|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $25.103 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.TG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=742,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Togo) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=19 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030063211/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=742,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>|GDP_PPP_year=2023|GDP_PPP_rank=151st|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $2,767<ref name="IMFWEO.TG" />|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=175th|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $9.621 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.TG" />|GDP_nominal_year=2023|GDP_nominal_rank=157th|GDP_nominal_per_capita=<!--increase/decrease/neutral--> $1,004<ref name="IMFWEO.TG" />|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=170th|Gini=43.1|Gini_year=2015|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.547 <!--number only-->|HDI_year=2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->|HDI_rank=163rd|currency=[[West African CFA franc]]|currency_code=XOF|utc_offset=+00:00|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|date_format=dd/mm/yyyy|drives_on=right|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in Togo|+228]]|cctld=[[.tg]]}}'''Togo''', nke a n'akpo Togolese Republic, bụ mba dị ọdịda anyanwụ mba Afrika .[a][b] Ọ dị n'ókè [[Ghana|mba Ghana]] n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, [[Benin]] n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na [[Burkina Faso]] n'ebe ugwu.<ref name="Republic of Togo">{{Cite web|title=Republic of Togo|url=https://www.isdb.org/togo|accessdate=26 January 2021|publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]]|date=18 November 1998|language=en|archivedate=3 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203143436/https://www.isdb.org/togo}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime mba ndị na-emepebeghị emepe ma gbasaa n'ebe ndịda rụọ golf nke gini,ebe isi obodo ya, n'ihi obodo Lomé, dị.<ref name="Republic of Togo" /> Ọ bụ obere mba n'ekpo ọkụ, nke gafere square 57,000 (22,000 square miles) nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị ihe dị ka , ma nwee obosara nke ihe n'erughị kilomita 115 (71 mi) n'etiti [[Ghana]] na onye agbata obi ya dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Benin]]. [12][13] Ndị dị iche iche biri n'ókè nke obodo Togo nke oge a n'etiti narị afọ nke 11 na nke 16. N'etiti narị afọ nke iri 'isii na nke iri n'asatọ, mpaghara dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ebe Ahịa ohu na Europe, n'eme ka mba Togo na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu nweta aha "The Slave Coast". N'afọ 1884 n'oge ọgụ maka Afrika, Germany guzobere onye nchebe n'mpaghara a n'akpọ Togoland. Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, e wegara mba Togo na mba [[France]] na ókèala ya nke oge a. Togo nwetara nnwere onwe site na mba France n' afọ 1960. <ref name="icye.org">{{Cite web|title=Togo (Partner) – International Cultural Youth Exchange|url=https://www.icye.org/icye-in-the-world/togo/|work=International cultural youth exchange|accessdate=27 January 2021|archivedate=8 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608015225/https://www.icye.org/icye-in-the-world/togo/}}</ref> N'afọ 1967, Gnassingbé Eyadéma duziri nnupụisi ọchịchị nke ndị agha gara nke ọma wee bụrụ onye isi ala nke otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị n' mmegide ọchịchị Kọmunist. N'afọ 1993, Eyadema chere ntuli aka dị iche iche ihu n'ihi mmebi iwu, wee merie onye isi ala ugboro atọ. N'oge ọnwụ ya, Eyadema bụ "onye ndu kachasị ogologo oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme [[Afrịka|Ndị Afrịka]] nke oge a", ebe ọ bụ onye isi ala ruo afọ 38. N'afọ 2005, a họpụtara nwa ya nwoke Faure Gnassingbé dịka onye isi ala. Togo bụ mba dị n'ebe okpomọkụ, nke dị na mpaghara Sahara <ref name="Republic of Togo"/> nke akụ na ụba ya dabere n'ọrụ ugbo. <ref name="icye.org"/> Asụsụ gọọmentị bụ [[Asụsụ French|French]], mana a n'asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị ndị nke [[Asụsụ Gbe|Ezinụlọ Gbe]].<ref name="icye.org" /> 47.8% nke ndị bi na ya n'agbaso [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]], n'eme ka ọ bụrụ okpukpe kachasị ukwuu na mba ahụ. Togo bụ onye otu United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, Commonwealth of Nations, na [[Economic Community of West African States]]. Ihe nchoputa ihe ochie na-egosi na ndi mmadu nwere ike imepụta ite ma mepụta ígwè. A na-asụgharị aha Togo site n'[[Asụsụ Ewe]] dị ka "n'azụ osimiri".<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2020-04-19|title=How Togo came to have its name|url=https://africanlisbontour.com/2020/04/19/how-togo-came-to-have-its-name/|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=African Lisbon Tour|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715223710/https://africanlisbontour.com/2020/04/19/how-togo-came-to-have-its-name/}}</ref> N'oge site na narị afọ nke 11 ruo narị afọ nke 16, ndị Ewé si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ banye n'[[Asụsụ Fon|Mgbọ]] ahụ, na [[Asụsụ Gen|Mina]] na Gun si n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha biri n'ụsọ oké osimiri. AzụmaAhịa ohu nke Atlantic malitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii, na narị afọ abụọ sochirinụ, mpaghara dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ ebe azụmahịa maka ndị Europe na-achọ ndị ohu, na-enweta Togo na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu aha "The Slave Coast <ref>{{Cite book|author=Benjamin|first=Thomas|date=2009-02-16|title=The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and their Shared History, 1400–1900|url=https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/the-atlantic-world/2E35A3BB70FC6B973EE4E1535D885470?chapterId=CBO9780511816604A026#contents|accessdate=2025-03-26|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511816604|isbn=978-0-511-81660-4|language=en}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|title=The transatlantic slave trade|url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/transatlantic-slave-trade|accessdate=2025-03-26|work=National Museums Liverpool}}</ref> [[Otú:Ala no n'ime Afrịka]] 3jw8u8oesudawqddndvsr7chujr0w2g Peace Uko 0 9911 743468 724478 2026-11-05T15:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peace Uko''' {{Audio|Ig-Peace Uko.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ na 26 Disemba1995) bu onye egwuregwu ejiri ọsọ 100 mita maara nke ọma<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/peace-uko-273464|title=IAAF: Peace Uko {{!}} Profile|last=|first=|date=|website=iaaf.org|publisher=IAAF|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref>. ọ meriri egwurewgu nke 100m na memme egwuregwu mba [[Naijiria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.athletics-africa.com/a/articles/236/2012/12/06/eko_2012_uko_and_imhoaperamhu_take_sprint_titles_nigeria_national_sports_festival.html|title=Eko 2012: Uko and Imhoaperamhe take sprint titles at Nigeria National Sports Festival|last=Omogbeja|first=Yomi|date=2012-12-06|website=AthleticsAfrica|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-02|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2018-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002124240/https://www.athletics-africa.com/a/articles/236/2012/12/06/eko_2012_uko_and_imhoaperamhu_take_sprint_titles_nigeria_national_sports_festival.html}}</ref>. == Ọrụ == Uko gbara ọsọ nke mbụ ya, 4 × 100m, na-afo 2013 na asompi mba ụwa emere na [[:en:2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics|Moscow]]. Emechara kapụ aha ya na ndi otu ya n'asompi a n'ihi na ihe mkpishị eji agba ọsọ dapụrụ n'aka [[:en:Patience_Okon_George|Patience Okon George]] na [[:en:Stephanie_Kalu|Stephanie Kalu]]. Na-asompi nke mbu ya na [[:en:Nigerian_University_Games_Association|Egwuregwu nke Mahadum Naijiriya]] emere n'afo 2014, ọ merie ọsọ 100m<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/02/nuga-2014-uniben-uniport-win-men-womens-100m-gold/|title=NUGA 2014: UNIBEN, UNIPORT win men, women’s 100m gold - Vanguard News|last=|first=|date=2014-02-20|website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|publisher=Vanguard Media Limited|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref>. Ọzọkwa ọ merie ọsọ nke 200m n'ihu Patience Okon George<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africathle.com/2014/02/21/24th-nigeria-university-games-association-nuga-games-ile-ife-18-21022014/|title=24th Nigeria University Games Association (NUGA) Games, Ile-Ife 18-21/02/2014 {{!}} Africathle|last=|first=|date=|website=Aricathle|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-02|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2021-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123114555/http://www.africathle.com/2014/02/21/24th-nigeria-university-games-association-nuga-games-ile-ife-18-21022014/}}</ref>. Nke a nyeere mahadum ya aka, Mahadum Port Harcourt merie egwuregwu nke ugboro ise<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://campusportalng.com/uniport/uniport-sets-record-wins-nuga-fifth-time/12842/|title=UNIPORT Sets Record, Wins NUGA for the Fifth Time {{!}} Campus Portal Nigeria|last=|first=|date=2014-02-23|website=Campus Portal|publisher=|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-02|accessdate=2020-11-09|archivedate=2016-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827183555/http://campusportalng.com/uniport/uniport-sets-record-wins-nuga-fifth-time/12842/}}</ref>. Na asompi ọsọ mba uwa na [[:en:Nassau,_Bahamas|Nassau]], ọ gbara ọsọ nke 4 x 100m maka Naijiria maa gbaa onye nke asaa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makingofchamps.com/2015/05/04/nigerias-4x100m-women-finish-7th-but-qualify-for-rio-2016-on-final-day-of-world-relays/|title=Nigerias 4x100m women finish 7th but qualify for Rio 2016 on the Final Day of World Relays!|last=Akani|first=Bambo|date=2015-05-04|website=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818071952/http://www.makingofchamps.com/2015/05/04/nigerias-4x100m-women-finish-7th-but-qualify-for-rio-2016-on-final-day-of-world-relays/|archive-date=2016-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>. n'afo 2015, ọ mere ndekọ nke 11.27s na egwuregwu ahụ bụ ''NTC Pure Athletics Sprints Elite Meet'' na Clermont, Florida, [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/blessing-okagbare-ranked-4th-in-the-2015-iaaf-ranking.112215/|title=Sports - Blessing Okagbare ranked 4th in the 2015 IAAF ranking|last=|first=|date=2015-05-25|website=Nigerian Bulletin|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref>. Na asompi emere na Naijiria n'afo 2016, o gbara nke onye abụọ n'azu [[:en:Blessing_Okagbare|Blessing Okagbare-Ighoteguonor]], mana n'ihu [[:en:Gloria_Asumnu|Gloria Asumnu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/07/blessing-okagbare-claims-seventh-100m-title-nigerian-olympic-trials/|title=Blessing Okagbare claims Seventh 100m title at Nigeria Olympic Trials!|last=Maduewesi|first=Christopher|date=2016-07-07|website=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805004437/http://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/07/blessing-okagbare-claims-seventh-100m-title-nigerian-olympic-trials/|archive-date=2016-08-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Ebe m si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Onye egwuregwu]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndi amụrụ na 1995]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndi asompi olympic na Naijiria]] [[Otú:Nwanyi oso-egwuregwu]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria oso-egwuregwu]] dccf684g38rci3hl8bzjykgmjz2o2e8 Sanusi Mohammed Ohiare 0 10676 743523 728363 2026-11-05T23:02:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} </ref> == Mmalite ndu na mmuta == Amuru ya na abalị isii n’ime ọnwa Maachị nke afọ 1985 na [[Abuja]] Naijiria Mpaghara isi obodo gọọmenti mba ebe o biri ọtụtụ mmalite afọ Ya ọ bụ kwa onye Mpaghara gọọmenti ime obodo Alavi na [[Ȯra Kogi|Kogi Steeti]] Mpaghara etiti ugwu Naịjirịa Nna ya, Sịnetọ Mohammed Ohiare bụ onye bụ onye sịnetọ gara aga na-anọchite anya mpaghara ọchịchị etiti Kogi na nzuko ọgbakọ omeiwu nke Naịjirịa na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a maara nke ọma na steeti ahụ mere na o nyela aka nke ọma na mmepe nke ndị mmadụ na mpaghara ọchịchị etiti Kogi mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye omebe iwu ma mgbe emesịrị . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-15|author=Biu|first=Ibrahim|title=Senator Mohammed Ohiare|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/as-sen-ohiare-returns-to-the-trenches/|accessdate=2021-06-26|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en}}</ref> Sanusi nwere nzere bachelọ na akụnụba site na Mahadum Jos, Plateau steeti Naịjirịa n’agbata afọ 2002 na 2006. N'agbata 2009 na 2011, ọ gara na Mahadum nke Dundee, Scotland, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] , <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-20|title=Ohaire University of Dundee Alumni|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/study-in-the-uk-this-september-five-reasons-nigerians-choose-to-study-at-the-university-of-dundee/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Vanguard Media Limited}}</ref> ebe ọ natara Nzere Masta nke ogo sayensị na na mmụta ume, na iche iche na ume ego. Mgbe nke a gasiri, o nwetara nzere PhD na Mmepe ume ime obodo na Mahadum De Montfort, Leicester, United Kingdom, n'afọ 2015 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Tuleh|first=Simon|date=2021-04-14|title=Under 50 Leaders in Public Service|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/under-50-leaders-in-nigerias-public-service-in-2021/|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|accessdate=2021-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Muhammadu Buhari|Onyeisiala Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2017, dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke Ego Eletriki ime obodo na onye otu nọ na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ n'ahụ maka itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo nke Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/04/20/rural-electrification-agency-gets-new-board-executive-management/|title=Rural Electrification Agency Gets New Board, Executive Management|work=Channels Television|accessdate=2019-11-01}}</ref> Tupu a họpụta ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Ego itinye ọkụ ime obodo ya na Ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa German ( Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ), (GIZ) rụkọrọ ọrụ, dịka onye ndụmọdụ gbasara mba na itinye ọkụ ime obodo n’okpuru Mmemme nkwado ume nke Naịjirịa (NESP), nke European Union na Gọọmenti German kwadoro n'ego. N'ihe dị ka afọ iri na isii nwee ahụmịhe n'ime oghere itinye ọkụ ime obodo o webatara ahụmịhe ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Reporters|first=Emporium|title=Dr. Ohiare Sanusi: Bridging the gulf in Leadership By Abdullahi Haruna|url=https://emporiumreporters.com.ng/dr-ohiare-sanusi-bridging-the-gulf-in-leadership-by-abdullahi-haruna/|accessdate=2021-04-30|work=Emporium Reporters|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndị otu mkpakọrịta == Ọ bụ onye otu ndị otu ọkachamara dị icheiche na ndị otu dị iche iche dịka International Association of Energy Economics (IAEE), otu mba na-abụghị ndị ọrụ aka nke ndị ọkachamara nwere mmasi na akụnụba ume <ref>{{Cite web|title=About IAEEE|url=https://gpc.stanford.edu/publications/international-association-energy-economics-energy-forum-special-issue|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Stanford University|archivedate=2021-06-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604095552/https://gpc.stanford.edu/publications/international-association-energy-economics-energy-forum-special-issue}}</ref> yana isi obodo ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa gụnyere Otu Na-ahụ Maka akụnụba ume nke Naịjirịa (NAEE), Naịjiria <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-22|title=Nigeria Association of Energy Economics|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/tag/nigerian-association-of-energy-economics-naee/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Thisdaylive|archivedate=2021-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723043541/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/tag/nigerian-association-of-energy-economics-naee/}}</ref> Otu egwuregwu mmanụ Lagos Otu ndị injinia mmanụ ala (SPE), Ụlọ mmụta ume United Kingdom. <ref name=":0"/> na onye otu mmekọrịta [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] Washington maka Ndị ọchịchị Na-eto eto n'Africa, na Regents nke Mahadum California, Davis, [[California]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] . == Ọrụ enyemaka na ọrụ ikwu okwu == N'afọ 2019, ọ tọrọ ntọala nke Sanusi Ohiare Foundation maka ebumnuche inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka aka ike [[Eluàlà|n'Africa]] site na agụmakwụkwọ, egwuregwu na itinye ọkụ ime obodo nke ọ na-erute na ndị n'enweghị enyemaka . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Omokhunu|first=Gbenga|date=2021-03-09|title=Sanusi Ohiare Visits Orphanage|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-needs-support-to-end-insecurity-say-ref-director-ohiare/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=The Nation Online Nigeria}}</ref> O gosiputala okwu ma burukwa onye isi okwu na ọtụtụ ihe banyere itinye ọkụ ime obodo tinyere ndi nzuko mba nke ano banyere ike (NACOP) na [[Ȯra Edo|steeti Edo]], <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daniel|first=Adeyemi|title=Sanusi on Cost of Electricity in Nigeria|date=2018-07-31|url=https://www.today.ng/business/energy/rea-nigerian-businesses-spend-estimated-trillion-annually-generators-137384|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=Today}}</ref> mkparita uka atumatu na Abuja <ref>{{Cite web|author=Wada|first=Gift|title=Sanusi Speaks on More Women Gaining Access to Electricity|date=2021-04-01|url=https://businessday.ng/agriculture/article/improving-womens-access-to-electricity-and-land-will-boost-agricultural-and-rural-productivity-says-experts/|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=BusinessDay, Nigeria}}</ref> na ihe omume ndi ozo iji kwalite itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo na Naịjirịa . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The 8th Annual NLPNGA Conference and Exhibition|url=http://nigerialpgas.com/conference/2016/index.html|accessdate=2021-05-08|work=Nigeria Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508191509/http://nigerialpgas.com/conference/2016/index.html|archive-date=2021-05-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmezu ya == * O tinyela aka na ịkwado mmeghe nke itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo dị ka ekwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ n'afọ 2019 mgbe o kwuru na ihe dị ka enyela ezinụlọ puku iri anọ na atọ ọkụ eletrik site na ego ijeri naira abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ natara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-29|title=Ohaire on Effective Framework for Rural Electrification|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/01/29/ohiare-weve-created-good-framework-for-disbursing-ref/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Thisdaylive}}</ref> * Dika onye isi oche nke ego itinye ọkụ eletriki n'ime obodo nke Naijiria (REF) o n’edu ndi oru nke ndi oru na ndi otu ya iji hu na ekesara ọkụ eletrik n’otu n'otu n'obodo di iche iche site na onyinye elektrik ime obodo. Ime obodo Akpabom na [[Ȯra Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom Steeti]], obodo nke ihe dị ka mmadụ puku abụọ bụ ndị aka ọrụ ha bụ ịkọ nri na azụ bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị ga-erite uru mbụ site na ego ahụ nọ nkịtị tupu a họpụta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-09|title=Commissioning of Akpabom Community Electricity Project|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/09/akpabom-community-welcomes-electricity-as-fg-commissions-solar-mini-grid/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Thisdaylive}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-03|title=Akpabom Community Powered by REA|url=https://punchng.com/fgs-solar-power-plant-excites-akpabom-community/|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=Punch Nigeria}}</ref> == Mbipụta == * Ọ kwadoro ederede a kpọrọ ''Evolution of Rural Household Electricity Demand in Grid-Connected Communities in Developing Countries'' . * ''Inye ego Ihe Mgbaru Ume Ime Obodo na Mba Ndị Na-emepe emepe: Ihe Omume nke Naịjirịa nke Sanusi Mohammed Ohiare'' <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/10462/Final%20Edited%20PhD%20Thesis-Final%20Draft%20(Sanusi%20M.%20Ohiare).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Financing Rural Energy Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria|author=Ohiare|first=Sanusi|accessdate=2021-05-24|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524100046/https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/10462/Final%20Edited%20PhD%20Thesis-Final%20Draft%20(Sanusi%20M.%20Ohiare).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2021-05-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Inye ego oru ume ime obodo na China: Ihe omumu site na Naịjirịa Vol 3, No 4, 2021, ISSN 1923-4023 == Enọ na mmata == * N’afọ 2021, e bipụtara ya n’etiti ''ndị ọchịchị nọ n'okpuru afọ iri ise'' nke ọrụ bekee nke Naijiria tinyere onye isi njikwa na onye isi ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka itinye ọkụ eletrik n'ime obodo Ahmad Salihijo Ahmad <ref name=":1"/> * ''Ndị ngwụcha ụwa- Onyinye Enọ Ọkachamara afọ 2021'' site n'aka British Council. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global finalists - Professional Achievement Award 2021 {{!}} British Council|url=https://study-uk.britishcouncil.org/alumni-awards/winners/2021/professional-achievement|accessdate=2021-04-30|work=study-uk.britishcouncil.org|language=en}}</ref> * ''Onye ọchịchị Ntorobịa nke afọ 2020'' Enọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ike, ume na mmiri mba Afrịka <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-06|title=Dr Sanusi Ohiare marks 36 years|url=https://www.nigeriannewssphere.com/newssphere/897031430/An-Ode-to-Dr.-Sanusi-Ohiare-at-36|accessdate=2021-06-17|work=Nigerian News Sphere|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723034624/https://www.nigeriannewssphere.com/newssphere/897031430/An-Ode-to-Dr.-Sanusi-Ohiare-at-36}}</ref> * Aha ọdịnala nke ''Akiliwo Ejeh'' nke pụtara (Ike nke Eze) nke Ejeh nke Olamaboro, Onye isi oche eze, Ujah Simeon Sani. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nda-Isaiah|first=Jonathan|title=Conferment of Traditional Title to Dr Ohiare|url=https://leadership.ng/buharis-aide-ohiare-conferred-with-traditional-title-in-igalaland/|accessdate=2021-06-17|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=4 April 2021|language=en|archivedate=2021-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204053/https://leadership.ng/buharis-aide-ohiare-conferred-with-traditional-title-in-igalaland/}}</ref> == Ebensidee ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * [https://rea.gov.ng/sanusi-profile/Brief Nkọwapụta ọkwa nke Dr Sanusi Mohammed Ohaire: saịtị REA] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naịjirịa]] fvxg5xi99wkmc00uun27lsrip5qrfou Shizishan Subdistrict, Wuhan 0 10819 743536 173074 2026-11-06T00:44:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mpaghara Mpaghara Shizishan''' ( China), enyere ya aha ya site n'ugwu Shizi ( China <span>'Ọdụm oke ugwu'</span> ) nke dị na mpaghara mpaghara, bụ mpaghara mpaghara ndịda Mpaghara Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei, China. <ref name="staths">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/42/01/420111.html|language=zh-hans|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]|date=2017|accessdate=1 November 2018}}</ref> N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ọ nwere oke Ọdọ Ndịda akwa mmiri Shizitou (狮子头南湖大桥) n'ofe Mahadum Zhongnan nke Akụ na Ụba na Iwu ; na ndịda ọ nwere oke ọdụ azụ Liqiao (李桥渔场) n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Yezhi (野芷湖) Na Mpaghara mpaghara Hongshan (洪山街道); n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ọ rutere n'ọdụ Wunan (武南车站) n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko mpaghara mpaghara Beijing 张家湾 Zhangjiawan (张家湾); n'ebe ugwu ọ rutere Port Liantong nke Ọdọ mmiri ndida anyanwụ 连通港na Osimiri Xunsi (巡司河). <ref name="hsnj2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hongshan.gov.cn/zjhs/hsnj/hsnj2017/|publisher=Hongshan District People's Government|language=zh-hans|date=2017|accessdate=1 November 2018|title=Archive copy|archivedate=23 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523015308/http://www.hongshan.gov.cn/zjhs/hsnj/hsnj2017/}}</ref> : 203 Mahadum ọrụ ugbo Huazhong na ogige isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Mahadum Hubei nke teknụzụ dị na mpaghara mpaghara. [[Usòrò:HZAU-Zhulou.jpg|thumb]] == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Mpaghara mpaghara Shizishan e hiwere n'afọ 1961. <ref name="xzqhszs"/> N'ọnwa Julaị nke afọ 1986, Mpaghar mpaghara Shizishan gafere site na Mpaghara Wuchang gaa na mpaghara Hongshan. <ref name="govhs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hongshan.gov.cn/zjhs/lsyg/201710/t20171024_33392.shtml|publisher=Hongshan District People's Government|language=zh-hans|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=1 November 2018|title=Archive copy|archivedate=1 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101200148/http://www.hongshan.gov.cn/zjhs/lsyg/201710/t20171024_33392.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="xzqhhs2"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15278_2.html <bdi lang="zh">洪山区历史沿革</bdi>] &#x5B;Hongshan District Historical Development&#x5D; (in Chinese). XZQH.org. 7 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọmụmụ gburugburu ụwa na mmadụ bi n'ime ya == Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara mpaghara dị n'etiti ọdọ mmiri abụọ (ọdọ mmiri ndịda na ọdọ mmiri Yezhi) na gburugburu ugwu nke na -enye mpaghara aha ya. Ugwu Shizi (Asụsụ China <span>A na -akpọ 'Ọdụm oke ugwu')</span> aha ya n'ihi na o yiri ọdụm. Ugwu Shizi ruru mita puku abụọ na narị asatọ (Ft puku itoolu, otu narị na iri asatọ na isii) n'ịdị elu ma kpuchie ala <nowiki><i id="mwQg">mu</i></nowiki> otu puku na mu narị itoolu na iri asaa kpuchie n'oké ọhịa N'afọ 2016. N’afọ 2015, atọrọ ụzọ okporo ụzọ dị larịị gburugburu Ugwu Shizi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.green007.cn/1606/020429009.html|work={{lang|zh-hans|武汉全民义务植树}}|language=zh-hans|date=29 July 2016|accessdate=1 November 2018|title=Archive copy|archivedate=6 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206193410/http://m.green007.cn/1606/020429009.html}}</ref> Na 1957, e wuru Mahadum Ọrụ Ugbo nke Huazhong gburugburu Ugwu Shizi, ugwu nke mpaghara mpaghara ahhu na-ewere aha ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.sznews.com/content/2018-10/02/content_21120508.htm|publisher=Shenzhen News|language=zh-hans|date=2 October 2018|accessdate=1 November 2018|title=Archive copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192600/http://news.sznews.com/content/2018-10/02/content_21120508.htm|archive-date=6 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkewa nchịkwa == Dịka o ruru afọ 2017, Mpaghara mpaghara Shizishan Chịkwara obodo ebe obibi iri na atọ:<ref name="statszs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/42/01/11/420111003.html|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]|date=2017|accessdate=1 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="xzqhszs"/> * Huanongdong (华农东社区), Huanongxi (华农西社区), Luoshilu (珞狮路社区), Shengnongkeyuan (省农科院社区), Tonghui (通惠社区), Qiyi'ersuo (七一二所社区), Hugong (湖工社区Mahadum Nkà na ụzụ nke Hubei ), Wunantielu (武南铁路社区), Shinan (狮南社区), Nanhushanzhuang (南湖山庄社区), Meiguiwan (玫瑰湾社区), Shuchenglu (书城路社区), Luojiayayuan (珞珈雅苑社区) Nkewa ngalaba nhazi nke mpaghara mpaghara mbụ gụnyere: <ref name="xzqhszs">{{Cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/37054.html|publisher=XZQH.org|language=zh|date=7 July 2014|accessdate=1 November 2018}}</ref> * Sanneipei (三内配), Huakeyuan (农科院), Huakeyuan Nongchang (农科院农场), Wunan (武南), Huanongyiwei (华农一委), Huanong'erwei (华农二委), Huanongsanwei (华农三委), 7011 Gongchang ( 7011工厂), Canzhongchang (蚕种场), Zhoujiawan (周家湾), Nanhucun (南湖村), Dahualing (大花岭) na Wutie (武铁) == Ndị mmadụ == {{Historical populations|2000|58,786|2010|99,255 <!--|2011|33,000 unexplained population drop-->||type=China|percentages=pagr|footnote=<ref name="xzqhhs2"/>}}Dịka ọ na eru 1996, Ngụkọta mpaghara nke mpaghara mpaghara Shizishan bụbu km2 iri na ise na otu ụma (sq mi isii).<ref name="xzqhszs"/> Gụnyere ma ndị obibi ogologo oge, ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji na ndị ọrụ ike, Ọnụ Ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ka emere atụmatụ na ọ ga eru otu narị puku na puku iri asatọ. <ref name="hsnj2017"/>:203 == Ụgbọ njem == Ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-eje ozi na mpaghara mpaghara Shizishan na njedebe ndịda nke ahịrị asaa (Wuhan Metro) . Mpaghara mpaghara Shizishan dị n'ebe ugwu nke okporo ụzọ mgbanaka nke atọ . <ref>From the maps provided at map.baidu.com</ref>  == Ebensidee ==  {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Category:Wuhan]] [[Òtù:Category:Ngalaba ọkwa obodo nke mba China]] [[Òtù:Category:Mpaghar mpaghara nke Mba China]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndekọ ndị nwere asụsụ China]] [[Òtù:Category:CS1 Asụsụ China]] [[Òtù:Category:CS1 na-eji Asụsụ China]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndekọ ndị nwere asụsụ China dị mfe]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndekọ ndị na-eji igbe ozi]] [[Òtù:Category:Nhazi nọ na Wikidata]] h0ph34xvzxw7q2dcq1d7y65lo4lq0y4 Stephanie Coker 0 10926 743549 738216 2026-11-06T02:32:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Stephanie Coker''' (onye a mụrụ '''Stephanie Omowunmi Eniafe Coker''' ; 28 Nọvemba 1988), <ref name="fullname">{{Cite news|title=MTV VJ, STEPHANIE COKER IN A CHAT WITH WANNA|date=July 17, 2013|url=http://rhodiesworld.com/mtv-vj-stephanie-coker-in-a-chat-with-wanna-i-enjoy-working-with-denrele-edun/|archive-date=June 2, 2020|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602062739/https://rhodiesworld.com/mtv-vj-stephanie-coker-in-a-chat-with-wanna-i-enjoy-working-with-denrele-edun/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="birthyear">{{Cite news|title=I can't kill myself over a man|date=March 30, 2014|work=The Nigerian Punch|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/i-cant-kill-myself-over-a-man-stephanie-coker/|archive-date=October 20, 2015|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020091737/http://www.punchng.com/spice/essence/i-cant-kill-myself-over-a-man-stephanie-coker/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="birthday">{{Cite news|title=It's Stephanie Coker's Birthday Today!|date=November 28, 2014|url=http://onobello.com/stephanie-cokers-birthday-today-check-super-glam-plans-day/#sthash.j3duOBXV.dpbs|archive-date=April 9, 2019|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409143730/http://onobello.com/stephanie-cokers-birthday-today-check-super-glam-plans-day/#sthash.j3duOBXV.dpbs|url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ onye Naijiria nọ kwuo kwu n'ikuku na onye na-egosi ihe onyonyo maka MTV Base Africa na Ebony Life TV <ref name="birthyear" /> <ref name="MTVbaseOAP">{{Cite news|title=360Chat With MTV Base's Stephanie Coker|date=July 26, 2013|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/360chat-with-mtv-bases-stephanie-coker/}}</ref> Ọ gosiputara dị ka 'Feke' na usoro onyonyo nke ''Naịjirịa'' a ma ama ''Tinsel''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tinsel Cast|url=https://tinseltoday.wordpress.com/2013/08/22/tinsel-cast-august-2013|work=Tinsel Today|date=22 August 2013|accessdate=5 May 2015}}</ref> na mmemme sitcom a ma ama ''Hustle'' "Cindy". [[Usòrò:Stephanie Coker 22 Sept 2015 NdaniTV.png|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ|Stephanie Coker]] == Ndụ mbido == Coker was born in [[Lagos]], but moved to North London, in the [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] at the age of 1.<ref name="birthyear"/><ref name="UKmove">{{Cite web|title=10 Questions For TV Host & Actress Stephanie Coker|url=http://twmagazine.net/2014/09/10-questions-for-tv-host-actress-stephanie-coker/|work=TWMagazine|date=22 September 2014|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=17 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317061330/http://twmagazine.net/2014/09/10-questions-for-tv-host-actress-stephanie-coker/}}</ref> She attended St Mary’s Church of England Primary school in North London, a place she described as ''"a really small school where Christianity was taken very seriously"''.<ref name="MTVbaseOAP"/><ref name="pryschl"/> She later graduated from Brunel University with a degree in Media and Communications.<ref name="fullname"/><ref name="UKmove" /><ref name="presenter">{{Cite web|title=Next To Blow: I Strive To Be The Ultimate Presenter – Stephanie Coker|url=http://omobaswagz.blogspot.com/2013/01/next-to-blow-i-strive-to-be-ultimate.html/|work=Aloteda's Blogzine”|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=6 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706054716/http://omobaswagz.blogspot.com/2013/01/next-to-blow-i-strive-to-be-ultimate.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=MTV Base VJ signs management deal|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/stephanie-coker-mtv-base-vj-signs-management-deal-id3543224.html|accessdate=5 May 2015|publisher=Pulse NG|date=March 5, 2015|archive-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409205115/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/stephanie-coker-mtv-base-vj-signs-management-deal-id3543224.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Brunel, ọ na -arụ ọrụ na MTV, Channel Four na Media Moguls PR. <ref name="pryschl"/> <ref name="London360">{{Cite web|title=London 360 (Community Channel) :Meet the Team|url=http://www.communitychannel.org/london360/meet-the-team/profile/18/stephanie-e-coker/|accessdate=5 May 2015|work=CommunityChannel.Org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042312/http://www.communitychannel.org/london360/meet-the-team/profile/18/stephanie-e-coker/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === London === Na 2010, Stephanie meriri MTV Freederm Presenter Competition, nke hụrụ ka ọ na -eme mkpọsa na mgbasa ozi TV. <ref name="UKmove"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=15 females to watch out for in 2015|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/15-females-to-watch-out-for-in-2015-id3405042.html|publisher=The Pulse NG|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=12 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312130642/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/15-females-to-watch-out-for-in-2015-id3405042.html}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ (2010), OHTV, (UK) nyere ya ọrụ maka akwụkwọ nyocha ya na ''-eto eto ndị Naijiria akpọrọ Christmas na Lagos'' . Na 2011, Stephanie zụrụ azụ na Media Trust na mmemme ihe nkiri TV ha dị iche iche London 360, Community Channel (UK), ihe ngosi akụkọ ụdị magazin, nyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye ngosi. <ref name="pryschl">{{Cite web|title=The Pop Culture Diva Stephanie Coker|url=http://talks.friendite.com/the-pop-culture-diva-stephanie-coker/|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074455/http://talks.friendite.com/the-pop-culture-diva-stephanie-coker/}}</ref> === Naịjirịa === Stephanie Coker laghachiri Naịjirịa na 2011 <ref name="pryschl"/> <ref name="presenter"/> wee nweta ọrụ mbụ ya na MTV Base Africa dị ka arịlịka nke ngosi ngụkọ ngosi ''Street Request'' . <ref name="MTVbaseOAP"/> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ rụọla ọrụ dị iche iche yana ihe ngosi dịka Cool FM Midday Oasis Show, MTV Big Friday Show (ya na Basketmouth ), ''Tinsel'' na Africa Magic . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Honestly, Stephanie Coker is an Amazing Presenter and Interviewer|url=http://zenmagazineafrica.com/culture/stephanie-coker/|work=Zen Magazine Africa|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=7 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707011301/http://zenmagazineafrica.com/culture/stephanie-coker/}}</ref> Na 2013, n'akụkụ Bovi na Pearl, ọ so bụrụ onye nnabata World Guinness Colorful nke ihe egwu ọzọ, ihe omume nke Bow Wow ga-akwado . <ref>{{Cite web|title=How Bow Wow missed his flight after being paid to host #Colourfulworldofmore concert|url=http://dailystar.ng/2013/11/06/bow-wow-missed-flight-paid-host-colourfulworldofmore-concert/|work=Daily Star|accessdate=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305165719/http://dailystar.ng/2013/11/06/bow-wow-missed-flight-paid-host-colourfulworldofmore-concert/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Photos from the Guinness colourful World of more Star Studded Concert in Lagos|url=http://enquizzle.blogspot.com/2013/11/photos-from-guinness-colourful-world-of.html|accessdate=5 May 2015|publisher=Enquizzle|date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> Na 2015, Ọ gosiputara na ihu mkpuchi peeji nke Exquisite Magazine "Love<nowiki>''</nowiki> Edition".<ref>{{Cite news|title=TV Beauty! Stephanie Coker Covers New Edition of Exquisite Magazine jaguda.com/2015/02/13/tv-beauty-stephanie-coker-covers-new-edition-exquisite-magazine/ © Jaguda.com|url=http://jaguda.com/2015/02/13/tv-beauty-stephanie-coker-covers-new-edition-exquisite-magazine/|accessdate=5 May 2015|publisher=Jaguda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724083022/http://jaguda.com/2015/02/13/tv-beauty-stephanie-coker-covers-new-edition-exquisite-magazine/|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=TV host is picture perfect on the cover of Exquisite Magazine|url=http://pulse.ng/fashion/stephanie-coker-tv-host-is-picture-perfect-on-the-cover-of-exquisite-magazine-id3482233.html|accessdate=5 May 2015|publisher=Pulse Nigeria|archive-date=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423161130/http://pulse.ng/fashion/stephanie-coker-tv-host-is-picture-perfect-on-the-cover-of-exquisite-magazine-id3482233.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Subtle Chic! Stephanie Coker Covers the 77th Issue of Exquisite Magazine|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/13/subtle-chic-stephanie-coker-covers-the-77th-issue-of-exquisite-magazine/|accessdate=5 May 2015|publisher=Bella Naija|date=February 2015}}</ref> Na 2016 ọ ghọrọ onye n'afu maka Voice Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/04/ik-osakioduwa-stephanie-coker-host-voice-nigeria/|title=IK Osakioduwa, Stephanie Coker to host The Voice Nigeria - Vanguard News|work=Vanguard News|date=5 April 2016|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-04-21}}</ref> === Redio === Na 6 Disemba 2013, Baileys Nigeria kwupụtara Stephanie Coker na Veronica Ebie-Odeka ka ha bụrụ ndị nnabata nke ihe ngosi ọhụrụradio: ''Baileys Boutique'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BaileysNigeria|publisher=BaileysNigeria|title=Baileys Nigeria Official Facebook Page}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Photos: Veronica Odeka & Stephanie Coker Debut New Radio Show… Baileys Boutique|url=http://www.ladunliadinews.com/2013/12/photos-vivian-odeka-stephanie-coker.html|publisher=Ladun Liadi|accessdate=5 May 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the Hosts of Baileys Boutique: Stephanie and Veronica|date=6 December 2013|url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2013/12/meet-hosts-of-baileys-boutique.html|publisher=Linda Ikeji|accessdate=5 May 2015}}</ref> == Onyinye na nhoputa == Na 2014, a họpụtara Stephanie Coker maka ma emesịa nweta onye ngosi TV nke Afọ mara mma (ELOY). <ref>{{Cite news|title=BN Red Carpet Glam: The 2014 Exquisite Lady of the Year (ELOY) Awards|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/12/01/red-carpet-glam-funke-akindele-stephanie-coker-osas-ighodaro-more-attend-the-2014-eloy-awards/|accessdate=5 May 2015|publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=All the winners from the 2014 ELOY awards|date=December 2014|url=http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html|publisher=Pulse NG|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183558/http://pulse.ng/lifestyle/omoni-oboli-funke-akindele-omawumi-all-the-winners-from-the-2014-eloy-awards-id3316786.html}}</ref> A họpụtakwara ya maka 2014 Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards (NBMA) dị ka onye mgbasa ozi Nigeria nke afọ. [[Helen Paul|E mechara Helen Paul]] nweta ihe nrite ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Here Is Authentic List Of Nominees For Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards (NBMA) 2014. jaguda.com/2014/10/03/authentic-list-nominees-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-nbma-2014/ © Jaguda.com|url=http://jaguda.com/2014/10/03/authentic-list-nominees-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-nbma-2014/|work=Jaguda|date=3 October 2014|accessdate=5 May 2015|archivedate=4 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104204559/http://jaguda.com/2014/10/03/authentic-list-nominees-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awards-nbma-2014/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=BEHOLD! WINNERS AT NIGERIAN BROADCASTERS MERIT AWARDS (NBMA) 2014|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/30058/22/behold-winners-at-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awar.html|accessdate=5 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120063308/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/30058/22/behold-winners-at-nigerian-broadcasters-merit-awar.html|archivedate=20 November 2014}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'August 12, 2017, Stephanie Coker lụrụ Olumide Aderinokun, na Greek Island nkeMykonos . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/stephanie-coker-is-married-somykonos-id7137162.html|title=Presenter & Olumide Aderinokun tie the knot on Greek Island|date=12 August 2017|accessdate=13 October 2021|archivedate=28 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928002439/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/stephanie-coker-is-married-somykonos-id7137162.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/08/stephanie-coker-olumide-aderinokuns-white-wedding-saturday/|title=Stephanie Coker & Olumide Aderinokun's White Wedding is this Saturday! - BellaNaija|work=www.bellanaija.com|date=9 August 2017|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-09-08}}</ref> Ọ mụrụ nwa nwanyị na Nọvemba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2020/03/05/new-mum-stephanie-coker-dismisses-stigma-as-she-reveals-she-conceived-via-ivf/|title=New Mum, Stephanie Coker Dismisses Stigma As She Reveals She Conceived Via IVF|author=Wale|first=Kaffy|date=5 March 2020|work=Motherhood In-Style Magazine|accessdate=19 March 2020|archivedate=8 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308070347/http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2020/03/05/new-mum-stephanie-coker-dismisses-stigma-as-she-reveals-she-conceived-via-ivf/}}</ref> Ọ bidoro ịrụ ọrụ na Arise TV na 2018 ebe{{when|date=October 2018}} ọ naebe ọ na -eso ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ na -ekwu maka azụmahịa, Nkà na ụzụ na ntụrụndụ..<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-06|title=Media personality is the new host of "The Morning Show" on Arise TV|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stephanie-coker-media-personality-is-the-new-host-of-the-morning-show-on-arise-tv/y9sfwlt|accessdate=2021-09-30|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> == Nsidee ==   =={{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q1roqlb9eekzqx1uhg661d2w8rxzsa3 Omotola Jalade Ekeinde 0 11101 743452 723112 2026-11-05T11:59:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Omotola Jalade Ekeinde''' {{Audio|Yo-Omotola Jalade Ekeinde.ogg|Audio}} mụrụ '''Omotola Jalade''' (amuru 7 Febuwari 1978) bu Onye omee Naijiria Kemgbe ihe nkiri Nollywood mere mpụta mbụ na 1995, Omotola apụtala na ihe nkiri 300, na-ere ọtụtụ nde ihe nkiri a na akpọ vidio. ka ha nwetasịrị ọtụtụ ihe nrite dị elu, malite ọrụ egwu, na ịkpakọba ndị na-akwado ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ndị nta akụkọ akpọwo ya dị ka ezigbo Afrika Magic.Omotola bụ onye mbụ ama ama n'Afrịka nwetara mmasị karịrị otu nde na ibe [[Facebook]] ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria: Omotola Hits 1 Million Facebook Likes|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201302181875.html|work=All Africa|date=16 February 2013|accessdate=4 July 2013}}</ref> Ugbu a ọ nwere ngụkọta nke nde mmadụ atọ na-eso ụzọ na Facebook.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-actress-celebrates-3m-followers-on-facebook-id5258216.html|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde: Actress celebrates 6m followers on Facebook|author=Odumade|accessdate=2021-11-15|archivedate=2016-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718224358/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-actress-celebrates-3m-followers-on-facebook-id5258216.html}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Omotola Jalade, onye [[Ȯra Ondo|sitere na Ondo]], amuru na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos State]]. Omotola tolitere na ezinụlọ mmadụ ise: nne na nna ya na ụmụnne ya nwoke abụọ; Tayo na Bolaji Jalade. Nne ya, Oluwatoyin Jalade née Amori Oguntade, rụrụ ọrụ na JT Chanrai Nigeria, na nna ya, Oluwashola Jalade, rụrụ ọrụ na YMCA na Lagos Country Club. <ref name="Omotola Jalade Ekeinde">{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|url=https://heelsofinfluence.com/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-2/|work=Heels of Influence|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> Ebumnobi Omotola na mbụ bụ ịrụ ọrụ na njikwa azụmaahịa, ebe ọ na-eche nsonaazụ ya na mahadum, ọ malitere ime ihe ngosi iji kpata ego. <ref name="Omotola Jalade Ekeinde" /> Omotola Jalade gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Chrisland, Opebi (1981-1987), Oxford Children School (1987), Santos Layout, na [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031132332/https://maps.me/catalog/education/amenity-school/command-secondary-school-3471566739/ Command Secondary School] (1988-1993). <ref name="The360reporters">{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade Ekeinde Net Worth 2020_Biography, Age, Marriage, Movies And Endorsements Deals.|url=https://www.the360report.com/2020/04/20/omotola-jalade-ekeide-biography-and-net-worth/|author=The360reporters|date=2020-04-20|work=Latest News and Entertainment Updates|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> O nwere obere oge na Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo wee gụchaa akwụkwọ na Yaba College of Technology (1996-2004), ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nchịkwa ụlọ. == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ ime ihe === Akpọbatara Omotola Jalade ka ọ na-eme ihe nkiri site n'iso otu enyi ya gaa ebe nkiri. Ọrụ izizi ya bụ na ihe nkiri 1995 [https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/05/17/omosexy-celebrates-25-years-in-entertainment-with-sexy-look/ ''Venom of Justice''], nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20201030233237/https://www.insidenolly.ng/reginald-ebere/ Reginald Ebere] duziri. Akpọrọla Reginald ka ọ malitere ọrụ Omotola. Enyere ya onye isi n'ihe nkiri ahụ, bụ nke mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Nollywood. Omotola Jalade nwetara nnukwu ọrụ mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ama ama nke ''Mortal Inheritance'' (1995). N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ gosiputara dị ka onye ọrịa sickle cell bụ́ onye lụrụ ọgụ maka ndụ ya n'agbanyeghị na ọ ga-adị ndụ. Àgwà Omotola meriri ọrịa ahụ wee mụọ nwa. A na-ewere ihe nkiri a dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri kacha mma nke Naijiria mere. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde: 10 things to know about 'Omosexy'|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/17/showbiz/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-queen-nollywood/|date=January 2014}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-egwuri egwu na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri blockbuster, gụnyere ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20241201023114/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwback-thursday-throwback-to-the-movie-games-women-play/hsx4b2z Games Women Play]'', ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/blood-sister/oclc/558658799 Blood Sisters]'', ''All My Life'', ''My Story'', The Woman in Me na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ na-akọwapụta ọrụ na ihe ''nketa nke Mortal'', ihe ngosi Omotola meriri ya "Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na ihe nkiri Bekee na-ekwu okwu" na "Onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'ozuzu" na (1997) Movie Awards. Ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha nta na Naijiria n'oge ahụ iji nweta ọkwa a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade Ekeinde Biography: Career, Husband, Children, Movies|url=https://nigerianfinder.com/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-biography-career-age-husband-children-movies/|accessdate=2021-09-15|work=nigerianfinder.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://answersafrica.com/top-10-nollywood-actresses.html|title=Top 10 Nollywood Actresses of All Times|work=Answers Africa|accessdate=29 May 2013}}</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s na mmalite 2000s, onye na-eme ihe nkiri a ma ama na-eme ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na-esote, gụnyere ''Lost Kingdom II'', ''Kosorogun II'', na ''Blood Sister II'', na-eduga na nnukwu ihe mmeri n'aha Global Excellence Recognition Awards na afọ (2004) . Ka ọ na-erule etiti afọ (2000), Omotola abanyela n'ọkwa ndepụta "A". Enyere ya onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ nkwado n'oge ihe nkiri African Movie Academy Awards na (2005). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Folaranmi|first=Femi|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/may/13/showtime-13-05-2005-006.htm|title=Rhythm of a new world of movies As Nollywood stars storm Yenagoa for AMAA|work=The Daily Sun|date=13 May 2005|accessdate=29 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909132636/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/may/13/showtime-13-05-2005-006.htm|archivedate=9 September 2006}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe nkiri vidiyo ihe dị ka narị atọ (300), Omotola Jalade nwetara ọrụ nkiri sinima mbụ ya n'afọ (2010) ihe nkiri "''Ije"''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ijethemovie.com/|title=IJE|publisher=Vow Foundation|accessdate=28 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117085830/http://ijethemovie.com/|archivedate=17 January 2013}}</ref> A gbara ihe nkiri a n'ebe dị na [[Jos]] na United States. "''Ije"'' bụ ihe nkiri Nollywood kacha enweta ego n'oge ahụ - A mechara kuchapu site na ''[[Phone Swap]]'' (2012) . Na ọ gosiputara na Nollywood blockbuster thriller: ''Last Flight to Abuja'' nke meriri Hollywood blockbusters dị ka ''Spiderman'', ''Chee echiche dị ka nwoke'', ''Ice Age'', ''The Avengers'', na ''Madagascar'' to be 2nd most-grossing movies in West African cinemas in (2012) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/last-flight-to-abuja-grosses-n8m-in-the-box-office/|title=Last Flight to Abuja grosses N8m in the box office|work=Vanguard Newspaper|publisher=Vanguard|date=18 August 2012|accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/11/omotola-clinches-actress-of-the-year-award.html|title=Omotola Clinches Actress of the Year Award|work=The Daily Sun|date=26 November 2012}}</ref> Omotola Jalade gara n'ihu inweta ihe nrite iri anọ (40) nke ụlọ na mba ụwa. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị na igbe ụlọ ọrụ Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Osaremen Ehi|author=James|url=http://nigeriafilms.com/news/19501/2/omotola-emerges-biggest-box-office-actress-of-the-.html|title=Omotola Emerges Biggest Box-Office Actress of the Year ...As Last Flight To Abuja Becomes 2012 Best Box-Office Hit|publisher=Nigeria films|date=11 November 2012|accessdate=4 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313063016/http://nigeriafilms.com/news/19501/2/omotola-emerges-biggest-box-office-actress-of-the-.html|archivedate=13 March 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=The 2013 Time 100: Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/omotola-jalade-ekeinde/|work=Shout-Africa|date=18 April 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Media|first=Bigsam|work=The Nigerian Voice|title=Last Flight to Abuja is the number 2 film in West African Cinemas|url=http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvmovie/96039/3/last-flight-to-abuja-is-the-number-2-film-in-west-.html|date=8 August 2012|accessdate=26 May 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Omotola Jalade mere emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ. Omotola apụtala na ihe nkiri narị abụọ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title="Omosexy is a Nollywood cornerstone" – Yahoo|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-omosexy-is-a-nollywood-cornerstone-yahoo-id3399022.html|work=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=Chidumga Izuzu|accessdate=11 January 2015|archivedate=14 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114183207/http://pulse.ng/movies/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-omosexy-is-a-nollywood-cornerstone-yahoo-id3399022.html}}</ref> Na June Omotola Jalade n'akụkụ [[Femi Odugbemi]], natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù isonye na Oscars n'afọ ndị na-eme ntuli aka. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://guardian-ng.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/amp?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQCCAE=#referrer=https://www.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251$s&ampshare=https://guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/|title=Meet voting members of Oscars 2018: Odugbemi, Omotola|accessdate=25 July 2018|archive-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122131241/https://guardian-ng.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/amp?usqp=mq331AQCCAE=&amp_js_v=0.1#referrer=https://www.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251$s&ampshare=https://guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na June 2018, Omotola Jalade n'akụkụ Femi Odugbemi, natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù isonye na Oscars n'afọ (2018) onye na-eme ntuli aka. <ref name=":1" /> === Ọrụ egwu === OmoSexy, malitere ọrụ egwu a na-echere ogologo oge na 2005 site na mwepụta nke album mbụ ya akpọrọ "gba". Album ahụ wepụtara otu egwu "Naija Lowa" na "Things You Do To Me" Album nke abụọ ya na-ewepụtaghị - ''Me, Myself, and Eyes'', wetara mmepụta sitere na Paul Play na Del B. Akwadoro ya site na egwu "Feel Aright", na-egosi [[Harrysong]], na "Through Fire", nke gosipụtara Uche. Emebere emume mwepụta album a ga-ere na Naịjirịa ma echere na-aga ere tebụl maka N 1 nde. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Media|first=Bigsam|url=http://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/photos/event_album.asp?parent_id=27252&action=view|title=HOW CELEBRITIES AND DIGNITARIES MINGLED AT OMOTOLA'S ALBUM LAUNCH|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=19 July 2013}}</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 2012, Omotola Jalade malitere ịrụ ọrụ na album ya nke atọ wee nweta enyemaka nke The Bridge Entertainment. Omotola gara Atlanta ka ya na ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ede abụ ole na ole a ma ama bụ ndị nwere ike inye aka mepụta ụda ga-adabara ndị America na-ege ntị. O nwere nnọkọ studio na Kendrick Dean, Drumma Boy na Amaokwu Simmonds <ref>{{Cite news|title=Omotola Jalade features top foreign acts in new album as she returns to music.|url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/2013/01/18/2015/|work=Nigerian Monitor|date=18 January 2013|accessdate=5 January 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083358/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/2013/01/18/2015/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wee dekọ ya na abụ ya na onye na-agụ egwú Bobby V. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Eta|first=Philip|title=PHOTOSPEAK: Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde records with Bobby V in Atlanta|url=http://dailypost.com.ng/2013/01/28/photospeak-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-records-with-bobby-v-in-atlanta/|work=Daily Post|date=28 January 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104155845/http://dailypost.com.ng/2013/01/28/photospeak-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-records-with-bobby-v-in-atlanta/|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=James|first=Osaremen Ehi|title=UPDATED: Omotola Storms Atlanta Studio With Bobby V [Picture]|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/20300/2/updated-omotola-storms-atlanta-studio-with-bobby-v.html|work=Nigeria Films.com|date=28 January 2013|accessdate=2 February 2013|archive-date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202190808/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/20300/2/updated-omotola-storms-atlanta-studio-with-bobby-v.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi eziokwu === Na (2012), Omotola Jalade wepụtara ihe ngosi eziokwu nke ya, ''Omotola: The Real Me'', na Africa Magic Entertainment, M-Net mgbasa ozi na DStv. Nke a mere Omotola ka ọ bụrụ onye ama ama na Naịjirịa nke mere ihe nkiri n'eziokwu nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|work=Africa Magic Dstv|title=Omotola:The Real Me|url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/category/shows/omotola-the-real-me/|publisher=MultiChoice Ltd|accessdate=20 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319065204/http://africamagic.dstv.com/category/shows/omotola-the-real-me/|archivedate=19 March 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ ebere == Omotola Jalade ghọrọ onye nnọchiteanya United Nations World Food Programme na (2005), na-aga ozi ala ọzọ na [[Sierra Leone]] na [[Liberia]]. Omotola na-akwadokwa otu dị ka Charles Odii's SME100 Africa inye ndị ntorobịa na ụmụ agbọghọ ike n'ime obodo. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ Walk the World wee soro Onye isi ala Ellen Sir Leaf-Johnson soro na mgbasa ozi Walk the World na Liberia. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hunger|first=fight|work=TNT Corporate Responsibility|url=http://www.movingtheworld.org/cordelia_salternour/blog/2007/03/07/gearing_up_for_walk_the_world_in_liberia|title=Gearing up for Walk the World in Liberia|date=7 March 2007|accessdate=4 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/http://www.movingtheworld.org/cordelia_salternour/blog/2007/03/07/gearing_up_for_walk_the_world_in_liberia|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Iji na-echeta ụbọchị 2021 ụwa enweghị ụtaba na mkpọsa #SmokeFreeNollywood, Omotola Jalade Ekeinde na ụfọdụ ndị ama ama na Nollywood ( [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande]], Daniel Effiong, [[Meg Otanwa]], [[Michelle Dede]], [[Osas Ighodaro]] n'etiti ndị ọzọ) kwere nkwa ịkwụsị ise siga na fim ha. dị ka o nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ụmụaka na-eto eto bụ ndị lee ha anya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-31|title=World No Tobacco Day 2021: Nollywood celebrities pledge to stop smoking scenes|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/world-no-tobacco-day-2021-nollywood-celebrities-pledge-to-stop-smoking-scenes/|accessdate=2021-06-11|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ndị otu [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka Tobacco-Free Kids na ụlọ ọrụ atụmatụ ọha dị na sub-Saharan kwadoro mgbasa ozi a - Gatefield. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omotola, Dakore, Nollywood artistes pledge to stop smoking scenes in movies|url=https://dailytrust.com/omotola-dakore-nollywood-artistes-pledge-to-stop-smoking-scenes-in-movies|accessdate=2021-06-11|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2021-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611072201/https://dailytrust.com/omotola-dakore-nollywood-artistes-pledge-to-stop-smoking-scenes-in-movies}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-31|title=Omotola, Dakore, others pledge to stop smoking scenes in movies|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/omotola-dakore-others-pledge-to-stop-smoking-scenes-in-movies/|accessdate=2021-06-11|work=Tribune Online|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọtụtụ == Echiche ya na-enweghị atụ nwetara ya kọlụm ama ama na ''OK!'' ''Magazin Nigeria''. Akpọrọ kọlụm a “akwụkwọ akụkọ Omotola” ma na-egosipụta ihe odide sitere na Omotola ozugbo gbasara ndụ ya na ahụmịhe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Aiki|first=Damilare|title=Nollywood's Omotola; Cocktails with Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Cocktails-With-Omotola-Jalade-Ekeinde_12345893|work=Jamaica Observer|date=26 August 2012|accessdate=2 May 2013|archivedate=7 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201529/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Cocktails-With-Omotola-Jalade-Ekeinde_12345893}}</ref> Na 5 Novemba (2013), Omotola nwetara ihe nrite Ebony Vanguard na ihe nrite Music Video na Screen Awards (MVISA) emere na Birmingham. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde honoured at Music Video and Screen Awards|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|date=7 November 2013|accessdate=7 March 2014|author=Alonge, Osagie|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313235131/http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/|archivedate=13 March 2014}}</ref> Na 9 Nọvemba (2013), Oba Victor Kiladejo, Eze eze nke Ondo, nyere Omotola ọkwa ọchịchị n'obodo ya bụ [[Ȯra Ondo|Ondo steeti]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.naij.com/51433.html|title=Omotola Jalade, David Mark, Others Receive Chieftaincy Title in Ondo Kingdom|publisher=Naij News|date=5 November 2013|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> N'ime (2012), CNN Travel depụtara asụsụ (ụda olu) ama ama Omotola na ndepụta okwu iri na abụọ (12) kacha nwee mmekọahụ n'ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Burchette|first=Jordan|publisher=CNN|title=World's 12 sexiest accents|url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/life/worlds-sexiest-accents-130333|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=20 July 2013|archivedate=15 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915152446/http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/life/worlds-sexiest-accents-130333}}</ref> Ụda olu Naijiria họọrọ 5th na ndepụta ahụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, a kpọrọ Omotola Jalade otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee mmetụta n'ụwa site na ''magazin TIME'' maka ndepụta TIME 100 ha kwa afọ. Ọ pụtara na ngalaba akara ngosi. N'afọ 2015, e depụtara ya n'etiti ndị ihe nkiri na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nke ọ nụtụrụla; ndepụta gụnyere: Shah Rukh Khan, Frank Welker, Bob Bergen, Jack Angel, Mickie McGowan, Michael Papajohn, Martin Klebba, Clint Howard na Chris Ellis. Yahoo! chịkọtara wee nyochaa ndepụta a! <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Highest-Grossing Movie Stars You've Probably Never Heard Of|url=https://uk.yahoo.com/movies/the-highest-grossing-movie-stars-youve-never-107601608266.html|work=Yahoo Movies UK|accessdate=9 January 2015}}</ref> Omotola Jalade lụrụ Captain Matthew Ekeinde na (1996). Di na nwunye a mechara mee emume ọcha n'ime ụgbọ elu Dash 7 ka ha si [[Lagos|Legọs]] na- [[Benin|efega Benin]] na (2001), ya na ezinaụlọ na ndị enyi ya nọ. Ọ mụrụ nwa ya nwanyị mbụ na 30 Maachị 1997. Ọnụ, ha nwere ụmụ anọ, Princess, MJ, Meraiah na Michael. Nna ya nwụrụ na 1991. == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+ Omee |- |Aha |Afo |Oru |Ihe edeturu |- | ''Venom of Justice'' | 1995 | | |- | ''Mortal Inheritance'' | 1996 | | |- |''Scores to Settle'' | 1998 | | |- | ''Lost Kingdom'' | 1999 | | |- | ''Kosorogun'' | 2002 | | |- |''When Love Dies'' |rowspan="5"|2003 | Mary | |- | ''Under Fire'' | | |- | ''The Outsider'' | | |- | ''Rescue'' | | |- | ''Blood Sisters'' | | Ya na [[Genevieve Nnaji]] |- |''Royal Family'' |rowspan="3"|2004 | | |- |''Die Another Day'' | Queen | |- |''A Kiss from Rose'' | | |- |''Games Women Play'' |rowspan="2"|2005 | | |- |''Brave Heart'' | | |- |''The Revelation'' |rowspan="3"|2007 | | |- |''Sand in My Shoes'' | | |- |''Careless Soul'' | | |- |''Yankee Girls'' |rowspan="2"|2008 | | |- |''Temple of Justice'' | | |- |''My Last Ambition'' | 2009 | Amanda | |- |''[[Ije: The Journey]]'' | 2010 | Anya Opara Michino | Yana [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Odalys Garcia]], Ulrich Que |- |''[[A Private Storm]]'' | 2010 | Gina | Ya na [[Ramsey Nouah]], [[Ufuoma Ejenobor]], [[John Dumelo]] |- |''[[Ties That Bind (film)|Ties That Bind]]'' |2011 | | Ya na [[Ama K. Abebrese]], [[Kimberly Elise]] |- |''[[Last Flight to Abuja]]'' | rowspan=2|2012 | Suzie | Ya na [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]], [[Jim Iyke]], [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |''[[Amina (2012 film)|Amina]]'' | Amina | |- |''[[Hit the Floor (TV series)|Hit The Floor]]'' | 2013 | Omotola | |- |''Blood on the Lagoon'' |2014<ref>{{cite web|title="Blood in the Lagoon" Watch Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Okey Uzoeshi in trailer|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/blood-in-the-lagoon-watch-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-okey-uzoeshi-in-trailer-id4634404.html|website=Pulse.ng|publisher=Chidumg Izuzu|access-date=2 February 2016|accessdate=15 November 2021|archivedate=3 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203092059/http://pulse.ng/movies/blood-in-the-lagoon-watch-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-okey-uzoeshi-in-trailer-id4634404.html}}</ref> | | |- |''My Only Inheritance'' | | | |- |''Alter Ego'' |rowspan=3|2017 |Ada Igwe | Ya na [[Wale Ojo]] na Kunle Remi |- |The Island |Mrs Tokunbo Bowe Cole |TV Series |- |The Tribunal | | |- |''Up Creek a Paddle'' |TBA | |Post production |- |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Afo !Ihe nrite !Udi ! Onye Nnata ! Nsonazu !Nsidee |- | rowspan="2" |1997 | rowspan="2" |The Movie Awards (THEMA) |Best Actress English | rowspan="2" |''Mortal Inheritance'' | {{won}} | |- |Best Actress Overall |{{won}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2004 |City People awards for Excellence |Best Actress | rowspan="8" |Onwe ya | {{won}} | |- |Global Excellence Recognition Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na nnukwu onye rụpụtara ya1 | {{won}} | |- |Civil Enlightenment Organization of Nigeria (CEON) |Onye kacha mma & akara nke imepụta ihe | {{won}} | |- |NUSEC Awards | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma | {{won}} | |- |2005 |1st Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ nkwado | {{won}} | |- |2006 |Youths Benefactor's Award |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha nwee enyi | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |2009 Best of Nollywood Awards |Kachasị Mma Onye Nduzi Omee (Yoruba) |{{nom}} | |- |2009 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma |{{nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Ihe nkiri/obere akụkọ kacha mma |''Deepest of Dreams'' |{{nom}} | |- |2010 Ghana Movie Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma-Mmekọrịta Africa |''A Private Storm'' |{{nom}} |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma-Mmekọrịta Africa |- | rowspan="4" |2011 |8th Africa Movie Academy Awards |Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role | rowspan="2" |<nowiki><i id="mwAkw">Ties That Bind</i></nowiki> |{{nom}} | |- |2011 Ghana Movie Awards | |{{won}} | |- |2011 Best of Nollywood Awards |Kachasị Mma Onye Nduzi Omee (English) |''A Private Storm'' |{{nom}} | |- |2011 Nigeria Entertainment Awards | Ihe nkiri kacha mma/akụkọ dị mkpirikpi |''Ijé'' |{{nom}} | |- | rowspan="7" |2012 |Eloy Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke afọ |<nowiki><i id="mwAm0">Ties That Bind</i></nowiki> |{{won}} | |- |Screen Nation Awards |onye ime kachasị mma na Pan African | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{won}} | |- |Black Entertainment Film Fashion Television and Arts Awards (BEFFTA) |Omee Ihe nkiri pụrụ iche | {{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards |GIAMA Humanitarian Award |Omotola Youth Empowerment Foundation |{{won}} | |- |Viewers Choice -Female |Herself |{{nom}} | |- |2012 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Onye omee kachasị mma na Ihe nkiri |<nowiki><i id="mwAo4">Ties That Bind</i></nowiki> |{{nom}} | |- |2012 Nollywood Movies Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma n'ọrụ ndụ |''A Private Storm'' |{{nom}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |2013 Nollywood Movies Awards |Popular Online Choice | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{won}} | |- |Music Video and Screen Awards (MVISA) |Ebony Vanguard Award |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde honoured at Music Video and Screen Awards|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=16 December 2013|date=7 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210235616/http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/|archivedate=10 December 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri |''Last Flight to Abuja'' |{{nom}} | |- |2014 |MTV Africa Music Awards 2014 |Omume nke Afọ Onye Ye |Onwe ya |{{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards|title=Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Davido lead nominations for MTV Africa Music Awards|publisher=Sowetan LIVE|accessdate=17 April 2014|archivedate=20 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420073700/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards}}</ref> |- |2016 |City People Social Media Awards |Omume ntụrụndụ nwanyị |Onwe ya |{{won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2017 |Nollywood Travel Film Festival | rowspan="2" |Best Actress | rowspan="2" |''Alter Ego'' |{{won}} | |- |Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival |{{won}} | |- | rowspan="3" |Best of Nollywood Awards | Nrite mmeri nke ndụ |Onwe ya |{{won}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-23|title=BON Awards 2017: Kannywood’s Ali Nuhu receives Special Recognition Award|url=https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award|accessdate=2021-10-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007214920/https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award}}</ref> |- |Best Kiss in a Movie |Onwe ya na kunle Remi |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Best Actress Leading Role (English) | rowspan="3" |''Alter Ego'' |{{nom}} |- |City People Movie Awards |{{nom}} | |- |2018 |Africa Magic Viewer's Choice Awards (AMVCA) |Onye omee kachasị mma na Ihe nkiri na Usoro onyonyo |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=25YearsOfOmosexy: Celebrating Achievements Of Omot... - All News Nigeria|url=https://allnews.ng/news/25yearsofomosexy-celebrating-the-achievements-of-nollywood-sweetheart|accessdate=2020-05-28|work=allnews.ng|language=en}}</ref> |} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị Yoruba * Ndepụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria == Nsidee ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde * [https://www.facebook.com/Realomosexy?fref=ts Omotola Jalade Ekeinde na Facebook] * https://twitter.com/Realomosexy?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Òtù:Articles with hCards]] cy2obv87dqescjw8lli30r4etj7zppr Omowunmi Sadik 0 11930 743453 723116 2026-11-05T12:00:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Omowunmi "Wunmi" A. Sadik''' (amuru 19 June 1964) bu onye okachamara Naijiria, onye na-echeputa kemist na onye na-emepụta ihe na-aru oru na Mahadum Binghamton . O mepụtala microelectrode biosensors maka nchọpụta ọgwụ na ihe mgbawa ma na-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nke teknụzụ maka imegharị ion ígwè site na mkpofu, maka iji na gburugburu ebe obibi na ngwa mmepụta ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How Omowunmi Sadik Keeps Breaking New Grounds In Scientific Research|url=http://woman.ng/2018/07/how-omowunmi-sadik-keeps-breaking-new-grounds-in-scientific-research/|author=Woman.NG|date=2018-07-07|work=Woman.NG|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-26|archivedate=2019-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910114953/http://woman.ng/2018/07/how-omowunmi-sadik-keeps-breaking-new-grounds-in-scientific-research}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Sadik kwadoro otu Sustainable Nanotechnology Organisation nke anaghị akwụ ụgwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadik bio|url=https://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/Jefferson/PGA_176873|work=sites.nationalacademies.org|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Sadik na 1964 na [[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria]] . Ezinụlọ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, bụ́ ndị kwadoro mmasị ya na physics, kemistri, na bayoloji. Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na kemistri na mahadum Lagos n'afọ 1985, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta masters na chemistry n'afọ 1987. Sadik wee gaa mahadum Wollongong dị n'Australia. Na 1994, ọ nwetara Ph.D. nzere na kemistri si Wollongong. <ref name="HistoryMakers">{{Cite web|title=ScienceMakers : Omowunmi Sadik|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/omowunmi-sadik|work=The History Makers|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mmekọrịta postdoctoral sitere na National Research Council kwadoro ya dị ka onye nyocha na US Environmental Protection Agency site n'afọ 1994 ruo 1996. <ref name="HistoryMakers"/> Ọ natara ọkwa dịka osote prọfesọ kemịkalụ na Mahadum Binghamton dị na Binghamton, New York . A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta n'afọ 2002, na prọfesọ zuru oke n'afor 2005. N'oge ahụ, ọ ghọkwara onye nduzi nke Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE) na Binghamton. Ọ na-eleta ngalaba na ngalaba nyocha Naval, Mahadum Cornell na Mahadum Harvard . <ref name="HistoryMakers" /> Sadik na-amụ elu kemịkalụ, na-elekwasị anya na mmepe nke biosensors maka ojiji na kemịkalụ gburugburu. <ref name="HistoryMakers"/> Ọ chọpụtala na ndị na-eduzi polymer na-ekwe nkwa karịsịa maka iji na-achọpụta ngwa. <ref name="Bioaffinity">{{Cite journal|author=Sadik|first=Omowunmi A.|title=Bioaffinity Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers: A Short Review|journal=Electroanalysis|date=August 1999|volume=11|issue=12|pages=839–844|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199908)11:12<839::AID-ELAN839>3.0.CO;2-1}}</ref> <ref name="polymers">{{Cite journal|author=Sadik|first=Omowunmi A.|title=Electropolymerized Conducting Polymers as Glucose Sensors|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-education_1999-07_76_7/page/967|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|date=July 1999|volume=76|issue=7|pages=967|doi=10.1021/ed076p967}}</ref> Ọ ewepụtala microelectrode biosensors nke nwere mmetụta na-achọpụta ọnụọgụ akụrụngwa, <ref name="Spotlight">{{Cite journal|author=Sadik|first=Omowunmi A.|title=JEM Spotlight: Applications of advanced nanomaterials for environmental monitoring|journal=Journal of Environmental Monitoring|date=2009|volume=11|issue=1|pages=25–26|doi=10.1039/B820365M|pmid=19137135}}</ref> teknụzụ nke enwere ike iji maka nchọpụta ọgwụ na bọmbụ. <ref name="Discover-e">{{Cite web|title=Sadik invited to give talk at NSF biochemical terrorism workshop|url=https://discovere.binghamton.edu/news/sadik-invited-to-give-talk-at-nsf-biochemical-terrorism-workshop-438.html|work=Discover-e|date=December 7, 2001|access-date=March 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829175555/https://discovere.binghamton.edu/news/sadik-invited-to-give-talk-at-nsf-biochemical-terrorism-workshop-438.html|archive-date=August 29, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Bomb">{{Cite journal|author=Sadik|first=O. A.|title=Sensors as tools for quantitation, nanotoxicity and nanomonitoring assessment of engineered nanomaterials|journal=Journal of Environmental Monitoring|date=2009|volume=11|issue=10|pages=1782–800|doi=10.1039/b912860c|pmid=19809701}}</ref> Ọ na-amụkwa usoro mkpofu ihe mkpofu dị ka ogige organochlorine na gburugburu ebe obibi, na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta teknụzụ maka imegharị ion ígwè site na mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref name="Binghamton">{{Cite web|title=Faculty Spotlight: OMOWUNMI SADIK, Ph.D. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, ANALYTICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY|url=http://research.binghamton.edu/faculty/SADIK/sadik.htm|work=Binghamton University|accessdate=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118180948/http://research.binghamton.edu/faculty/SADIK/sadik.htm|archive-date=18 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'otu ọrụ, enzymes microbial mụbara ngbanwe nke chromium (VI) na-egbu egbu na chromium na-adịghị egbu egbu (III) site na 40% ruo 98%. <ref name="Farrington">{{Cite journal|author=Farrington|first=Keith|title=Interview: Monitoring the environment|journal=Highlights in Chemical Technology|date=4 March 2010|volume=Royal Society of Chemistry|url=http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemTech/Volume/2010/03/omowunmi_sadik_interview.asp|accessdate=21 November 2015}}</ref> A nabatara Sadik na akwụkwọ nyocha na ngwa patent karịrị 135 ndị ọgbọ nyochara. Ọ na-ejide patent US na ụfọdụ ụdị biosensors. <ref name="HistoryMakers" /> N'afọ 2011, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ọgbakọ mbụ Gordon Conference on Environmental Nanotechnology. <ref name="Nano.gov">{{Cite web|title=Omowunmi Sadik, SUNY-Binghamton : Nano|url=http://www.nano.gov/Sadik|work=National Nanotechnology Initiative|accessdate=13 November 2015|archivedate=30 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005148/https://www.nano.gov/Sadik}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Sadik na Barbara Karn kwadoro Sustainable Nanotechnology Organisation, nke na-abụghị uru, ọha ọkachamara mba ụwa maka iji nanotechnology eme ihe n'ụwa niile. <ref name="SNO">{{Cite web|author=SNO Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization|title=First Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization Conference Program|url=http://www.susnano.org/images/SNO_Program2012.pdf|work=SNO Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization|date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> Sadik bụ onye a họpụtara na Royal nzuzo of Chemistry (2010) na nke American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (2012 họpụtara). Ọ bụkwa onye otu American Chemical Society . Ọ na-etinye aka na Ụlọ Ọrụ Hebe gburugburu ebe obibi na National Science Foundation, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke National Institutes of Health Study Panel on Instrumentation and Systems Development. <ref name="HistoryMakers"/> Ọ na-etinye aka na mmekorita mba ụwa na UNESCO International Center of Biodynamics na Bucharest, Romania, Mahadum Ege na Turkey, na Mahadum Fukui na Japan. <ref name="Binghamton"/> == Ihe nrite == * 2000, National Research Council (NRC) Mmekọrịta COBASE <ref name="SUNYBio">{{Cite web|title=Omowunmi "Wunmi" Sadik|url=http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/SADIK/sadik.htm|work=Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton|accessdate=13 November 2015|archivedate=23 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123114712/http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/SADIK/sadik.htm}}</ref> * 2001, Onyinye Chancellor maka Nchọpụta na Sayensị na Ọgwụ, SUNY <ref name="Binghamton"/> * 2002, Onyinye Chancellor maka ndị nrụpụta Premier, SUNY <ref name="Binghamton" /> * 2003-2004, Mmekọrịta Radcliffe pụrụ iche sitere na Mahadum Harvard <ref name="Radcliffe">{{Cite web|title=Fellow: Omowunmi A.Sadik|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/omowunmi-sadik|work=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University|accessdate=13 November 2015|archivedate=7 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707172334/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/omowunmi-sadik}}</ref> * 2005–2006, NSF Discovery Corps Senior Fellowship <ref name="NSF2005">{{Cite web|title=NSF Announces New Discovery Corps Fellows|url=https://www.nsf.gov/mobile/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104365&org=MPS|work=National Science Foundation|accessdate=13 November 2015|archivedate=5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305133341/http://www.nsf.gov/mobile/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104365&org=MPS}}</ref> * 2016, Nigerian National Order of Merit Award (NNOM) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamton.edu/inside/index.php/inside/story/16999/sadik-honored-with-nigerian-national-order-of-merit/|title=Sadik honored with Nigerian National Order of Merit Kudu|author=Katie Ellis|date=17 January 2017|accessdate=29 July 2017|publisher=Binghamton University, State University of New York}}</ref> <ref name="Idoko">{{Cite news|author=Idoko|first=Clement|title=FG names Professors Omowunmi, Ojaide 2016 winners of NNOM award|url=https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/43152/|accessdate=28 December 2018|work=Nigerian Tribune|date=November 25, 2016|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141610/https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/43152/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2017, Jefferson Science Fellow <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/Jefferson/PGA_046613|title=2017 Jefferson Science Fellow|author=|date=2017|accessdate=29 July 2017|publisher=The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine}}</ref> * Ihe nrite nke Australian Merit <ref name="HistoryMakers"/> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] tof2si52kvryn4yy7nx6n456c0gaowj Osinachi Ohale 0 11943 743460 687655 2026-11-05T13:14:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Osinachi Ohale (cropped).jpg|thumb|Osinachi Ohale]] '''Osinachi Marvis Ohale''' (amụrụ 21 na ọnwa Disemba 1991) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria [[Footbọl|na]] -egwu egwu dịka etiti azụ ma ọ bụ azụ aka nri maka ọgbakọ Spanish Primera División Alavés na otu mba ụmụ nwanyị Nigeria . == Ọrụ klọb == Ohale played for Houston Dash in the National Women's Soccer League throughout the 2014 season before returning home to Nigeria with Rivers Angels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.houstondynamo.com/news/2014/04/osinachi-ohales-route-united-states-houston-dash-answer-prayers|title=Osinachi Ohale's route to United States, Houston Dash is an answer to prayers|publisher=Houston Dash Website|work=Houston Dash|accessdate=9 October 2014|archivedate=24 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043253/http://www.houstondynamo.com/news/2014/04/osinachi-ohales-route-united-states-houston-dash-answer-prayers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=12018|title=Exclusive: Agent Tips Osinachi Ohale To Be An Instant Hit at Houston Dash|publisher=All Nigeria soccer Website|work=AllNigeriaSoccer.com|accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> Na 2016, o sonyeere Swedish Damallsvenskan n'akụkụ Vittsjö GIK, na-egwuri egwu maka ụlọ ọrụ na oge 22 tupu ịkwaga Vaxjo DFF ọnwa iri na asatọ ka e mesịrị na August 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/osinachi-ohale-super-falcons-star-moves-to-vaxjo-dff-in-sweden/knb4vm9|title=Super Falcons star moves to Växjö DFF in Sweden|publisher=Pulse.ng|work=Pulse.ng|date=August 2018|accessdate=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824164603/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/osinachi-ohale-super-falcons-star-moves-to-vaxjo-dff-in-sweden/knb4vm9|archive-date=24 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 11 Septemba 2019, ọ bịanyere aka na CD Tacón n'akụkụ Spanish na mbufe na-adịgide adịgide, na-egwu egwuregwu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 3 – 0 meriri Sporting de Huelva nanị ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/osinachi-ohale-super-falcons-defender-joins-cd-tacon-from/scmji8xqzgsx1bazn32h63tj2|title=Osinachi Ohale: Super Falcons defender joins CD Tacon from Vaxjo DFF|publisher=Goal.com|work=Goal.com|accessdate=17 September 2019}}</ref> Na ọnwa 30 Julaị 2020, Ohale bịanyere aka na AS Roma Women, onye mba Nigeria kewara ụzọ na akụkụ Spanish CD Tacon (nke akpọrọ Real Madrid ugbu a), n'ọnwa gara aga (June, 2020) ka ngwụcha nke nkwekọrịta ya na ekike Primera Iberdrola . Ọ sonyeere ekike Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị Serie A na nkwekọrịta otu afọ maka ego akọwapụtaghị. N'ịmeghachi omume na njem akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, Ohale gwara ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2020/7/osinachi-ohale-joins-roma-women|title=Osinachi Ohale joins Roma Women!|work=asroma.com|accessdate=2022-03-05|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305155726/https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2020/7/osinachi-ohale-joins-roma-women}}</ref> "M họọrọ Roma n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe; ọtụtụ ihe dị ịtụnanya banyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, banyere obodo a na obodo a nke nwere mmasị na m ". "Ọ dị m ka ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ihe nye m, ịchọpụta na ịnweta ihe ọhụrụ na ihe ịma aka ọhụrụ". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2020/7/ohale-impressed-by-spirit-as-she-joins-up-with-new-teammates|title=Ohale impressed by spirit as she joins up with new teammates|work=asroma.com|accessdate=2022-03-05|archivedate=2022-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305155727/https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2020/7/ohale-impressed-by-spirit-as-she-joins-up-with-new-teammates}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ọ nọchiri anya Naijiria na asọmpi asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka nke 2010, 2014, 2016 na 2018 . O meriri asọmpi ahụ ugboro anọ niile. Ọ nọkwa na ndị otu Naijiria na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA na 2011, 2015 na 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/people/nigeria/55060/osinachi-ohale/national|title=Osinashi Ohale on Goal.com Website|publisher=Goal.com Website|work=Goal.com|accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == === Klọb === ; Delta Queens FC * Asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria (2): 2011, 2012 === Mba ụwa === ; Naijiria * Iko Mba Afrịka Ụmụ nwanyị (4): 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018 * Otu nwanyị IFFHS CAF nke afọ iri 2011-2020 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925|title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - CAF - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|work=IFFHS|date=28 January 2021|accessdate=5 March 2022|archivedate=2 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402080022/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Osinachi Ohale ndekọ asọmpi * [http://www.houstondynamo.com/houstondash/players/osinachi-ohale Profaịlụ] na Houston Dash * Osinachi Ohale {{Deportivo Alavés Gloriosas squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Nigeria squads|bg=#008751|fg=white|list1={{Nigeria squad 2010 African Women's Championship}} {{Nigeria squad 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup}} {{Nigeria squad 2014 African Women's Championship}} {{Nigeria squad 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup}} {{Nigeria squad 2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria squad 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup}}}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 710olhdpkjxgs2sva32g2fcgunhhi16 Raymond Ekevwo 0 12047 743489 131186 2026-11-05T18:01:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Raymond Ekevwo''' (amuru n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na atọ nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 1999) bu onye egwuregwu ịgba oso Naijiria . Ọ bụ onye mmeri egwuregwu Egwuregwu mba Afrịka nke afọ 2019 na Mita otu narị . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-men-s-100m-1-01.htm|title=African Games (Athletics) Results - Men's 100m Final|work=2019 AG official website|accessdate=27 August 2019|archivedate=27 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827230447/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-men-s-100m-1-01.htm}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/african-games-2019-rabat-ekevwo-ta-lou|title=Ekevwo and Ta Lou Take African Games 100m Titles|work=IAAF|accessdate=27 August 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu agbagharị agbagharị <nowiki><span about="#mwt31" class="nowrap" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Érèkọbalà&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Àtụ:Érèkọbalà&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;4 × 100 m&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwFw" typeof="mw:Transclusion">4 × 100 m</span></nowiki> nke Naijiria nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha n'egwuregwu ahụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-men-s-4x100m-relay-1-01.htm|title=African Games (Athletics) Results - Men's 4x100m Relay Final|work=2019 AG official website|accessdate=28 August 2019|archivedate=28 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828231805/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-men-s-4x100m-relay-1-01.htm}}</ref> Nkà egwuregwu Ekevwo pụtara ìhè kemgbe oge ịgụ akwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 2015, mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata akwụkwọ na High Standard Comprehensive School, Ughelli, ọ gbara akwụkwọ maka immepụta onye mmeri ihe onyonyo eziokwu asọmpi egwuregwu, Ọgba ọsọ nke mbụ. O mechara mee ka ndị ikpe niile na-agbalị ime ka ọ banye n'òtù ha. Ọ tụrụugo mmeri na 100\m dị elu na ihe nrite na mbipụta afọ 2016 nke asọmpi ahụ mgbe ọ ka dị obere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/09/29/ekevwo-ntia-obong-dominate-100m-finals-top-sprinter-2016/|title=Ekevwo & Ntia-Obong dominate 100m finals at Top Sprinter 2016|author=Maduewesi|first=Christopher|date=2016-09-29|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924181117/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/09/29/ekevwo-ntia-obong-dominate-100m-finals-top-sprinter-2016/|archive-date=2019-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụrụ onye mmeri nke obere Naijiria na 100 mita na asọmpi afọ 2016 asọmpi ndị ntorobịa na ndị obere nke D K Olukoya jiri ọkaibe kacha mma n'oge ahụ nke 10.35. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/05/26/raymond-ekevwo-steals-show-2016-d-k-olukoya-athletics-championships/|title=Raymond Ekevwo steals show at 2016 D.K Olukoya Athletics Championships|author=Olus|first=Yemi|date=2016-05-26|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924181117/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/05/26/raymond-ekevwo-steals-show-2016-d-k-olukoya-athletics-championships/|archive-date=2019-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dị ka onye mmeri nke obere mba, a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya obodo ahụ na asọmpi 2016 IAAF U20 Mba ụwa . Otú ọ dị, ọ tụfuru asọmpi ahụ n'ihi na ndị otu Naijiria abịaghị n'oge asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/19/team-nigeria-misses-day-1-world-juniors-2-day-journey-poland/|title=Team Nigeria misses Day 1 of World Juniors after 2-day journey to Poland|author=Olus|first=Yemi|date=2016-07-19|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924181118/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/19/team-nigeria-misses-day-1-world-juniors-2-day-journey-poland/|archive-date=2019-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> O sonye na mgba 4 x 100m ya na ndị otu ya bụ Soyemi Abiola, Godwin Ashien na Emmanuel Arowolo mana ọ nọghị rue n'asọmpi nke ikpeazụ. Ekevwo sonyeere Mahadum Oral Roberts maka oge 2017 - 2018 mana ọ nwere obere oge n'ihi mmerụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriaathletics.com/raymond-ekevwo-commits-to-university-of-florida/|title=Raymond Ekevwo commits to University of Florida|work=Nigeria Athletics|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-24|archivedate=2019-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924171111/https://nigeriaathletics.com/raymond-ekevwo-commits-to-university-of-florida/}}</ref> O mechara gafere na Mahadum Florida n'oge okpomọkụ maka oge ọzọ. Otu Ekevwo, Hakim Sani Brown, Grant Holloway na Ryan Clark ghọrọ ndị mmeri 2019 NCAA na mgbagharị 4 x 100m. Ọ ghọrọ onye Naijiria nke ise meriri n'asọmpị egwuregwu Afrịka na 100m N'egwuregwu mba Afrịka nke afọ 2019 na Rabat . <ref name="athletics_results_book_african_games_2019">{{Cite web|url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/resJA2019/pdf/JA2019/AT/JA2019_AT_C99_AT0000000.pdf|title=2019 African Games – Athletics – Results Book|accessdate=7 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901063534/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/resJA2019/pdf/JA2019/AT/JA2019_AT_C99_AT0000000.pdf|archivedate=1 September 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọsọ na-enweghị onye meriri ya site na okirikiri, ọ nwetara ọnụọgụgụ dị mmasị 9.96s iji nweta aha n'ihu Arthur Cisse . <ref name=":0"/> Akara a debere ndekọ egwuregwu Afrịka ọhụrụ. O wee jikọta ya na Divine Oduduru, Emmanuel Arowolo na Usheoritse Itsekiri maka mgbagharị 4 x 100 m. Ndị otu ahụ debere nke abụọ n'azụ ndị otu Ghana iji nweta ihe nrite ọlaọcha. <ref name=":1"/> == Ihe kacha mma nkeonwe == 60 mita: 6.53 s ( Fayetteville 2020) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/nigeria/raymond-ekevwo-311485|title=ATHLETE PROFILE Raymond EKEVWO|work=World Athletics|accessdate=2020-02-02}}</ref> 100 mita: 9.96 s ( Rabat 2019) 200 mita: 20.84 s ( Jacksonville 2019) Ọkpụkpụ 4 × 100 mita: 37.97 s ( Austin 2019) == Ebensidee ==   <references group=""></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * Raymond Ekevwo n'egwuregwu mba ụwa * Raymond Ekevwo profile na TFRRS {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1999]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naijirịa nwetara ọlaedo na egwuregwu mba Afrịka]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naijirịa nwetara ọlaọcha na egwuregwu mba Afrịka]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị nwetara Ọla na egwuregwu ntụwara ụzo na ugbo]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị egwuregwu ntụwara ụzọ na ugbo nke egwuregwu mba Afrịka nke afọ 2019]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị otu egwuregwu si Steeti Delta]] [[Òtù:Category:Ụmụ nwoke nke egwuregwu ịgba ọsọ nke Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị Naijirịa nwetara ọlaedo na egwuregwu mba Afrịka na egwuregwuntụwara ụzo na ugbo]] [[Òtù:Category:Ndị otu egwuregwu ntụwara ụzọ na ugbo nke ụmụ nwoke Florida Gators]] 7epchw04650wq5sctx074ii6hp0t2ms Oreoluwa Lesi 0 12628 743458 728255 2026-11-05T12:45:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{databox}} '''Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ onye mba Naijiria nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] zụrụ azụ maka akụ na ụba na ọkachamara teknụzụ ozi. Ọ bụ onye hibere, nakwa onye isi oche nke Women's Technology Empowerment Center (W.TEC), otu na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-enye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike na ọha mmadụ na akụ na ụba site na agụmakwụkwọ na teknụzụ ozi. <ref name="vanguard">{{Cite news|author=Vista|first=Woman|title=We're empowering girls for IT devt – Oreoluwa Somolu|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/were-empowering-girls-for-it-devt-oreoluwa-somolu/|accessdate=13 October 2016|publisher=Vanguard Newspaper|date=21 October 2012}}</ref> E hiwere W.TEC n'afọ 2008. Ọ bụ onye otu Ashoka na onye nnata nke Anita Borg Institute (ABIE) Change Agent Award. <ref name="Ore">{{Cite web|author=The Editor|title=Anita Borg Institute Announces 2009 Change Agent Award Winners|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090826005160/en/Anita-Borg-Institute-Announces-2009-Change-Agent|publisher=Business Wire Institut|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> == Ndụ Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Afọ ndị mbụ Lesi bụ ndị o biri na Nigeria. N'ebe nna onye injinia eletriki, ọ hụrụ teknụzụ n'anya site na nwata nke mere ka ọ mepụta ngwa ngwanrọ nke ejiri na-azụ ahịa akwụkwọ nne na nna ya. <ref name="CP">{{Cite web|author=The Administrator|title=Ashoka Fellow|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en/fellow/oreoluwa-somolu#intro|publisher=Ashoka|accessdate=14 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcabal.com/2014/07/21/getting-women-tech-access-trumps-stereotypes/|title=Raising Digital Women, The W-TEC Way|date=2014-07-21|work=TechCabal|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> Mgbe afọ ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Queen's College, Lagos gasịrị, <ref name="vanguard"/> ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ diploma na mmemme kọmputa. <ref name="CP"/> Ọ gakwara mba United Kingdom ebe ọ gụrụ gbasara akụnụba wee nweta nzere bachelọ na Economics na Mahadum Essex . Mgbe ọ nọ na mahadum, o hibere akwụkwọ edemede azụmahịa maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, nke ahụ kpalitere mkpamkpa mbụ banyere etu ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike isi jiri teknụzụ mepụta ohere nke akụ na ụba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://techcabal.com/2019/05/07/oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-a-decade-and-more-of-balancing-techs-gender-scale/|title=My Life In Tech: Oreoluwa Somolu-Lesi's Decade and More of Balancing Tech's Gender Scale|date=2019-05-07|work=TechCabal|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> O nwetakwara, nzere masta na nyocha, imewe na njikwa ozi site na London School of Economics and Political Science . Ọ gụrụ Applied Sciences na Harvard University Extension School <ref name="Ore"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://techherng.com/oreoluwa-somolu-lesi/|title=Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi: W.TEC founder|author=TechHerNG|date=2016-01-27|work=TECHHER|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Oreoluwa rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọọrụ Education Development Center, Inc. na United States dị ka onye na-enyere aka na nyocha nakwa dịka onye na-arụ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ. <ref name=":1"/> Ọ laghachiri Naijiria n'afọ 2005. <ref name="lesi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp-africa.com/2015/07/31/cpafrica-interviews-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-of-womens-technology-empowerment-centre/|title=CPAfrica Intervies Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi of Women's Technology Empowerment Centre|author=Bimbola Segun-Amag|publisher=CPAfrica|accessdate=14 October 2016|archivedate=1 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401152536/https://www.cp-africa.com/2015/07/31/cpafrica-interviews-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-of-womens-technology-empowerment-centre/}}</ref> Na Naijiria, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Lonadek Oil and Gas Consultancy ebe o jisiri ma lekọta otu CSR Initiative-2020 nke lekwasịrị anya na mmepe nka nke ndị ntorobịa na mpaghara sayensị na teknụzụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://innov8tiv.com/oreoluwa-lesi-gave-innov8tiv-a-walk-through-of-how-she-found-womens-technology-empowerment-center-w-tec/|title=Oreoluwa Lesi gave innov8tiv a walk through of how she found Women's Technology Empowerment Center (W.TEC)|author=Innov8tiv.com|date=2019-04-07|work=Innov8tiv|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422224222/https://innov8tiv.com/oreoluwa-lesi-gave-innov8tiv-a-walk-through-of-how-she-found-womens-technology-empowerment-center-w-tec/|archive-date=2024-04-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> O hiwere W.TEC n'afọ 2008, mgbe teknụzụ adịghị egwu dịka ọ dị kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa-ontherise|title=Exclusive Interview: Oreoluwa Somolu-Lesi, Executive Director, Women's Technology Empowerment Centre (W.TEC)|url=http://www.africa-ontherise.com/2016/04/exclusive-interview-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-executive-director-womens-technology-empowerment-centre-w-tec/|publisher=Changing the AFrican Conversation|accessdate=14 October 2016|archivedate=21 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921033847/https://www.africa-ontherise.com/2016/04/exclusive-interview-oreoluwa-somolu-lesi-executive-director-womens-technology-empowerment-centre-w-tec/}}</ref> Enwekwara ntakịrị mmata maka ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na teknụzụ yana ihe kpatara imechi ya ji dị mkpa na 2008, nke mere ka ọrụ ya sie ike karị. <ref name=":0"/> W.TEC na-achikọba ọtụtụ mmemme na steeti Lagos, Anambra na Kwara, nke gụnyere emume 'She Creates Camps' na W.TEC Academy (technology afterschool clubs) <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/09/12/group-organises-summer-ict-training-for-girls/|title=Group organises summer ICT training for girls|date=2019-09-12|work=National Light|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2019-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026011905/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/09/12/group-organises-summer-ict-training-for-girls/}}</ref> ma metụtala ụmụ agbọghọ na ndị nkuzi puku iri abụọ na asaa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://preview.mailerlite.com/s0x3z0|title=Together We: Are our sisters keepers!|work=preview.mailerlite.com|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, W.TEC malitere ọrụ Inclusive Technology for All (IT4All) na mmekorita ya na Center Developmental Children. Ihe oru ngo a na-ewebata teknụzụ na echiche STEM sara mbara nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkwarụ nke mmepe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-to-educate-special-needs-children/|title=How to educate special needs children|date=2019-05-01|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> Ụfọdụ isi ihe dị mkpa na ọrụ ya na W.TEC gụnyere imekọ ihe ọnụ ya na Dr. Omobola Johnson nke ụlọọrụ Federal Ministry of Communication Technology na 2014 iji wulite otu òtù ụmụ agbọghọ na mba nke a na-akpọ Digital Girls Club, bụ nke e mere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na abụọ na mpaghara ọ bụla wee gbasaa gaa n'ihu ma ruo n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na Naịjirịa. Digital Girls Club gosipụtara usoro ọmụmụ gunyere ihe dị iche iche, bụ nke akwadoro na ọnụ ụzọ intanetị nke ndị nkuzi nwere ike ịnweta ma jiri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ha dị iche iche. <ref name=":0"/> A kwanyere Oreoluwa ugwu dịka onye otu Ashoka na 2013. <ref name="CP"/> Na 2009, ọ nwetara Anita Borg Change Agent Award. <ref name="Ore"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jerri|first=Barrett|title=ABIE Award Winners, Change Agent|url=https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/oreoluwa-somolu/|publisher=Anita Borg Institute|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> A na-amatakarị W.TEC maka ọrụ ya dị ka ọgbakọ ọsụ ụzọ n'ịgbalị imechi oghere nwoke na nwanyị na teknụzụ. W.TEC eritela ihe nrite dika 2019 EQUALS in Tech award (Skills category) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.equals.org/single-post/2019/11/27/PRESS-RELEASE-EQUALS-in-Tech-Awards-celebrate-five-outstanding-initiatives-to-promote-digital-gender-equality|title=PRESS RELEASE EQUALS in Tech Awards celebrate five outstanding initiatives to promote digital gender equality|work=equals|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224064809/https://www.equals.org/single-post/2019/11/27/PRESS-RELEASE-EQUALS-in-Tech-Awards-celebrate-five-outstanding-initiatives-to-promote-digital-gender-equality}}</ref> na 2019 Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NIRA) Presidential Award for Women's Development. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nigeria Internet Registration Association|first=NIRA|url=https://www.nira.org.ng/pdf/2019.ngAwards_winners.pdf|title=2019 .NG Press Release|date=July 8, 2019|work=NIRA Press Release|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> W.TEC pụtakwara dị ka onye mmeri nke WSIS 2020 (Access to Information and Knowledge Category). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itu.int/net4/wsis/stocktaking/Prizes/2020/Champions|title=WSIS Prizes 2020|work=www.itu.int|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, onye mepụtara World Wide Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee gara W.TEC, dịka akụkụ nke njem awa iri atọ iga obodo atọ gburugburu ụwa iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri atọ nke webụ. N'oge ọ gara W.TEC, ọ zutere ụfọdụ ụmụ agbọghọ ndị so na mmemme W.TEC. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technext.ng/2019/03/13/internet-inventor-tim-berners-lee-visits-lagos-to-mark-30th-anniversary-of-the-world-wide-web/|title=Tim Berners Lee Visits Lagos to Mark 30th Anniversary of the World Wide Web|date=2019-03-13|work=Technext|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2020-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426170441/https://technext.ng/2019/03/13/internet-inventor-tim-berners-lee-visits-lagos-to-mark-30th-anniversary-of-the-world-wide-web/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/timberners_lee/status/1105791945933275136?lang=en|title=Wonderful energy and creativity — girl power at W.TEC in Lagos — should inspire girls all over the world to get into tech #Web30 #ForTheWebpic.twitter.com/ARNGsG3a3k|author=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|date=2019-03-13|work=@timberners_lee|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2020, TIME gwara otu ndị ama ama isii (gụnyere Sir Tim Berners-Lee) ka ha degara onye na-eto eto ma ọ bụ ndị nke ha họọrọ akwụkwọ. Sir Berners-Lee họọrọ idegara ụmụ agbọghọ W.TEC ozi n'akwụkwọ ozi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/5764511/open-letters-to-youth-activists/|title=Letters to Young People Who Inspire Us, By Six Prominent People|work=Time|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-15|archivedate=2020-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624125646/https://time.com/5764511/open-letters-to-youth-activists/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nnabata == Oreoluwa enwetala ọtụtụ ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu nke gụnyere: * OkayAfrica 100 Women for 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://100women.okayafrica.com/the-women-2020|title=OKAYAFRICA - 100 WOMEN|website=OKAYAFRICA's 100 WOMEN|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2020-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416163656/https://100women.okayafrica.com/the-women-2020}}</ref> * One of the 5 Women Who Defined the Nigerian Tech Space in 2019 by Technext.ng<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technext.ng/2019/12/18/5-women-that-defined-the-nigerian-tech-space-in-2019/|title=5 Women That Defined the Nigerian Tech Space in 2019|date=2019-12-18|website=Technext|access-date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2022-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125073444/https://technext.ng/2019/12/18/5-women-that-defined-the-nigerian-tech-space-in-2019/}}</ref> * 2018 Her Network Woman of the Year in Technology<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/12/chinwe-egwin-ola-brown-temie-giwa-tubosun-honored-at-2018-her-network-woman-of-the-year-awards-full-list/|title=Chinwe Egwin, Ola Brown, Temie Giwa-Tubosun Honored at 2018 Her Network Woman of the Year Awards {{!}} Full List|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2018-12-10|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2018 Leading Ladies Africa 100 Most Inspiring Women in Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/sola-sobowale-ibidunni-ighodalo-nkechi-eze-here-are-nigerias-most-inspiring-women-in-2018/|title=Sola Sobowale, Ibidunni Ighodalo, Nkechi Eze…Here are Nigeria's Most Inspiring Women in 2018 – Leading Ladies Africa|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2017 SME100 & Invicta Top 100 Female-Owned Businesses in Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/03/bellanaija-listed-on-invicta-africa-sme100-nigerias-100-most-innovative-female-owned-businesses-in-nigeria-see-full-list/|title=BellaNaija Listed on Invicta Africa & SME100 Nigeria's "100 Most Innovative Female-Owned Businesses in Nigeria" {{!}} See Full List|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2017-03-09|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2016 #YTech100 Special Recognition Award * 2016 YNaija!’s #YTech100 (Top 100 Young People in Technology of 2016) * 2014 Leadership Award from La Roche Leadership Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/09/la-roche-leadership-foundation-celebrates-tolu-ogunlesi-ore-lesi-mi-abaga-more-inspiring-entrepreneurs-in-lagos/|title=La Roche Leadership Foundation celebrates Tolu Ogunlesi, Ore Lesi, MI Abaga & More Inspiring Entrepreneurs in Lagos|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2014-09-19|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2014 YNaija!’s 100 Top 100 Young People in Technology of 2014 * Vision 2020 Youth Empowerment & Restoration Initiative Recognition Award – May 2010 * 2009 Anita Borg Change Agent Award – Anita Borg Institute, Tucson AZ, U.S.A<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anitab.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/oreoluwa-somolu/|title=Oreoluwa Somolu|date=2009-10-11|website=AnitaB.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15|accessdate=2022-04-05|archivedate=2019-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725164428/https://anitab.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/oreoluwa-somolu/}}</ref> * 2008 Systers Pass It On Award Winner – Anita Borg Institute<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anitab.org/profiles/pio-award-recipients/oreoluwa-s/|title=Oreoluwa S.|date=2008-04-20|website=AnitaB.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta == Oreoluwa anatawo mmekọrita ndị a: * 2020 ICANN 69 Fellow: A na-ekpughere ndị otu ICANN ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Internet Corporation of Assigned Names & Numbers (ICANN), a na-ekenye ha onye ndụmọdụ, ha na-anatakwa ọzụzụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma na ụlọ nka tupu, n'oge, na mgbe nzukọ ọha ICANN gasịrịa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/montreal66-attendees-2019-11-11-en|title=Montréal 2019 Fellowship Participants - ICANN|website=www.icann.org|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> * 2019 ICANN 66 Fellow<ref name="auto"/> * 2014 Vital Voices Lead Fellow: The Vital Voices Lead Fellowship na-ejikọta, ma na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ọzụzụ, ma na-eme ka ahu ụmụ nwanyị pụrụ iche anya, bu ndi na-edu NGO na ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vitalvoices.org/what-we-do/signature-programs/vvlead/|title=VVLead|website=Vital Voices|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techherng.com/oreoluwa-somolu-lesi/|title=TechHer Spotlight|last=|first=|date=January 27, 2016|website=TechHer|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> * 2013 Ashoka Fellow: Ndị otu Ashoka bụ ndị ọchụnta ego a ma ama na mba ụwa. Ha na-akwado echiche ọhụrụ na-agbanwe usoro ọha mmadụ, na-enye uru maka onye ọ bụla na imeziwanye ndụ nke nde kwuru nde mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/oreoluwa-somolu|title=Oreoluwa Somolu|website=Ashoka {{!}} Everyone a Changemaker|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Ọ lụrụ Gboyega Lesi ma biri na [[Lagos]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Odebiyi|first=Olatunde|title=Compliment your wife always|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/complement-wife-always/|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=14 October 2016}}</ref> == Mbipụta == {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: left;" | ! scope="col" | Afọ ! scope="col" | Aha ! scope="col" | Ọrụ ! scope="col" | |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | Ime ka mmụta n'ịntanetị kacha mma: Okwu mmalite maka mmụta na ịntanetị' | Ebe mmepe agụmakwụkwọ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Somolu, Oreoluwa|title=Making the Most Of On-line Learning: An Introduction to Learning on the Internet|url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED485609|publisher=Education Development Centre|accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> | |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | 'Ịkọ akụkọ nke anyị: Ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-ede blọgụ maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha' | Akwụkwọ gbasara okike na mmepe <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sweetman|first=Caroline|title=Telling our own stories': African women blogging for social change|url=http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/telling-our-own-stories-african-women-blogging-for-social-change-131652|publisher=OXFAM|accessdate=17 October 2016|archivedate=9 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209190224/https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/telling-our-own-stories-african-women-blogging-for-social-change-131652}}</ref> | |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Redio maka mmepe ụmụ nwanyị na-enyocha mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nnweta na mmetụta | Nokoko Institute of African Studies Carleton University Ottawa, Canada) 2013(3) <ref>{{Cite web|author=Oreoluwa|first=Somolu|title=Radio for Women's Development Examining the Relationship between Access and Impact|url=https://carleton.ca/africanstudies/wp-content/uploads/7-Nokoko-3-Radio-for-Women%E2%80%99s-Development.pdf|publisher=Nokoko|accessdate=17 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022080154/http://carleton.ca/africanstudies/wp-content/uploads/7-Nokoko-3-Radio-for-Women%E2%80%99s-Development.pdf|archive-date=22 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |- |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.wtec.org.ng Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3hbPfW3bUg%7CTechnology Na Ndụ | Na-agwa Adesuwa okwu siri ike (From 2:37) - Julaị 2015] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMr075F19pw Mmechi mmechi 1 NTA Sept 6 2013] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] g6ada9hd1z6qv5u9lwa2ht1lkgf7ttp Winnifred Selby 0 12696 743597 709002 2026-11-06T11:21:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Winnifred Kyei Selby''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego Ghana na-eto eto na onye isi oche nke EPF Educational Empowerment Initiative nke dabeere na Kumasi, Ashanti Region nke [[Ghana]] . Ya na [[Bernice Dapaah|Bernice Dapaah rụkọrọ]] ọrụ wee tọọ ntọala nke Ghana Bamboo Bike Initiative mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/655780/winnifred-selby-receives-2015-world-of-children.html|title=Winnifred Selby Receives 2015 World Of Children Youth Award At New York City Gala|author=|first=|date=|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2019-09-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ghana-goes-green-with-bamboo-bikes/a-17927786|title=Ghana goes green with bamboo bikes {{!}} DW {{!}} 18.09.2014|work=DW.COM|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-09-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://inspireafrika.com/en/winifred-selbys-ghana-bamboo-bikes/|title=WINIFRED SELBY'S GHANA BAMBOO BIKES|author=ISMAILY|first=Leyla|date=2014-11-19|work=Inspire Afrika|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-09|archivedate=2025-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126235845/https://inspireafrika.com/en/winifred-selbys-ghana-bamboo-bikes/}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, o guzobere azụmahịa ọzọ, Afrocentric Bamboo Initiative. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://thewaywomenwork.com/2015/01/fearless-flexible-winnifred-selbys-african-socio-ecological-business/|title=Fearless & Flexible: Winnifred Selby's African Socio-Ecological Business|date=2015-01-13|work=The Way Women Work|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-09}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/woman/2014/10/01/the-eco-princess/|title=The Eco-Princess|author=Africa|first=Forbes Woman|date=2014-10-01|work=Forbes Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-09}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, ọ ghọrọ onye Ghana mbụ a kpọbatara na Royal Institute of Singapore. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/June-22nd/social-entrepreneur-inducted-first-ghanaian-member-of-royal-institute-of-singapore.php|title=Social entrepreneur inducted first Ghanaian member of Royal Institute of Singapore|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-09-09|archivedate=2018-06-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622153255/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/June-22nd/social-entrepreneur-inducted-first-ghanaian-member-of-royal-institute-of-singapore.php}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == Selby gara ụlọakwụkwọ Joy Standard College. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thisisafrica.me/lifestyle/winifred-selby-riding-on-bamboo-bikes/|title=Winifred Selby: riding on bamboo bikes|author=Opaluwa|first=Ladi|date=2016-03-23|work=This is africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-09}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nwetara nkuzi nke Mahadum Cambridge Leading For Change Executive nakwa onye otu Royal Commonwealth Society . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/07/01/queen-elizabeth-honours-three-young-ghanaians/|title=Queen Elizabeth Honours Three Young Ghanaians|date=2017-07-01|work=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-10|archivedate=2020-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813092737/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/07/01/queen-elizabeth-honours-three-young-ghanaians/}}</ref> Ya na [[Bernice Dapaah|Bernice Dapaah mebere]] Ghana Bamboo Bike Initiative mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise na Afrocentric Bamboo Initiative mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref name=":4"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afromum.com/bamboo-bikes-creating-sustainable-employment-women-ghana/|title=Bamboo Bikes Creating Sustainable Employment For Women In Ghana|author=Kidula|first=Olivia|date=2014-08-31|work=Afromum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525194449/http://www.afromum.com/bamboo-bikes-creating-sustainable-employment-women-ghana/|archivedate=2019-05-25|accessdate=2019-09-09}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na Mmezu == Ihe nrite ya gụnyere ndị a: * [[Anzisha Prize]] Fellow<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.anzishaprize.org/fellows/winifred-selby/|title=Celebrating Africa's Youngest Entrepreneurs {{!}} Winnifred Selby|website=www.anzishaprize.org|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref> *[[World Economic Forum]] Global shaper<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiafrica.in/BUJ2014-WinnifredSelby.html|title=INDIAFRICA - Winnifred Selby|website=www.indiafrica.in|access-date=2019-09-09|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2024-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127041815/http://www.indiafrica.in/BUJ2014-WinnifredSelby.html}}</ref> * Onye otu bọọdụ nke Dawadawa Impact Investment Fund * Onye òtù bọọdụ nke SHE Scholarships Fund nke EPF Educational Empowerment Initiative. * Onye so ná ndị mere nke ọma na 2014 [[Cartier Women's Initiative Awards|Cartier Women’s Initiative Awards]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cartierwomensinitiative.com/candidate/winnifred-selby|title=Winnifred Selby|date=2014-06-16|website=Cartier Women's Initiative|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2018-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109020442/https://www.cartierwomensinitiative.com/candidate/winnifred-selby}}</ref> * Nkwanye ùgwù nke Airtel Touching Lives 2014 Award<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Royal-Commonwealth-Society-honors-Winifred-Selby-415282|title=Royal Commonwealth Society honors Winifred Selby|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref> * A kwanyere ya nkwanye ùgwù nke 2015 World of Children Award in New York<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldofchildren.org/honoree/winnifred-selby/|title=Winnifred Selby, World of Children|website=worldofchildren.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> *Onye mmeri nke ihe nrite nke 2016 New African Woman in Science , Technology & Innovation Award<ref name=":2" /> * Onye mmeri nke ihe nrite nke 2017 Queen’s Young Leader Award<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/ghanas-elijah-amoo-addo-efua-asibon-and-winnifred-selby-for-the-queens-young-leaders-award/|title=Ghana's Elijah Amoo Addo, Efua Asibon and Winnifred Selby for The Queen's Young Leaders Award|last=|first=|date=|website=Glitz Africa|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-09-09|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2021-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802211415/https://www.glitzafrica.com/ghanas-elijah-amoo-addo-efua-asibon-and-winnifred-selby-for-the-queens-young-leaders-award/}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/young-leaders-three-ghanaians-recognised-by-uk-queen-for-their-social-responsibility/56rq1yj|title=Three Ghanaians recognised by UK Queen for their social responsibility work|last=|first=|date=2016-11-30|website=Pulse Ghana|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-09-10}}</ref><ref name="citifmonline.com">{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/07/3-ghanaians-honoured-by-queen-elizabeth-in-uk/|title=3 Ghanaians honoured by Queen Elizabeth in UK|date=2017-07-02|website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-10|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2021-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802211419/https://citifmonline.com/2017/07/3-ghanaians-honoured-by-queen-elizabeth-in-uk/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queensyoungleaders.com/alumni/|title=Queens Young Leaders – Alumni|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512181915/https://www.queensyoungleaders.com/alumni/|archive-date=2018-05-12|url-status=dead|accessdate=2022-04-08|archivedate=2018-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512181915/https://www.queensyoungleaders.com/alumni/}}</ref> * E gosipụtara ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Forbes dika otu n'ime ndị ọchụnta ego Africa a ga-elere anya<ref name=":0" /> * Onye Ghana mbụ a nabatara na Royal Institute of Singapore<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/860058/ghanas-winnie-selby-becomes-first-african-and.html|title=Ghana's Winnie Selby Becomes First African And Youngest To Be Conferred At Royal Institute Of Singapore|last=Editor|first=William Nana Beeko|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> *She has hosted a TED talk with TEDx Accra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://womenafrica.com/the-co-founder-of-ghana-bamboo-bikes-winnifred-selby-3/|title=The Co-founder of Ghana Bamboo Bikes, Winnifred Selby|date=2019-03-28|website=Women Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref> * Onye bubu onye ịsị ala nke mba [[United States]], [[Barack Obama]] kpọrọ ya oku ka ọ bụrụ otu onye ga-eso n'ọgbakọ [[Global Entrepreneurship Summit]] e mere na [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] n'afọ 2015<ref name=":6" /> == Ọrụ ebere na mmemme == === EPL Educational Empowerment Initiative === Iji kwatuo ihe mgbochi na agụmakwụkwọ na inye ndị na-eto eto ike site na obodo ndị a na-enwetaghi mmepe, Selby tọrọ ntọala EPF Educational Empowerment Initiative. <ref name=":7"/> === Ọrụ nke 'Winnifred's Menstrual Pads for Dignity' === Ọ tọrọ ntọala Winnifred's Menstrual Pads for Dignity Project nke na-enye ngwaahịa ịhụ nsọ n'efu maka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na mkpa nọ na mpaghara ndị a na-enwetaghi mmepe na Ghana. === Happy Feed Initiative === Selby malitere ọrụ Happy Feed Initiative, bụ nke kwalitere ma mejuo ije ozi gọọmentị Ghana inye nri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'efu nakwa uwe akwụkwọ n'efu. Atụmatụ a na-enye akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọhụrụ na ihe mmụta ndị ọzọ dị ka akpa, akwụkwọ, na ihe mgbako nye ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ nọ ná mkpa nọ n'ime obodo ndị nwere nsogbu. === Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Ghana === Na mmekorita ya na mahadum nkeonwe na Ghana, ọ malitekwara mmemme ịgụ akwụkwọ n'efu maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-agu akwụkwọ kọleji na Ghana nke na-enye ụmụ agbọghọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mara akwụkwọ, ndị nọ ná mkpa ohere agụmakwụkwọ. === W3 Initiative === Ọ bụ onye malitere Winnie Women's World. W3 Initiative bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-akwalite ịha nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị, inye ụmụ nwanyị ike na agụmakwụkwọ nwa agbọghọ na ụmụaka. <ref name=":5"/> == Hụkwa == * [[Bernice Dapaah]] * Ihe nrite nturu ugo Queen's Young Leader == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 116b69gsk6jk2yec5jhnfjit07denfv Paternal rights and abortion 0 12877 743464 698822 2026-11-05T14:25:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ikike''' ndị nna na okwu ite ime bụ mmụba nke arụmụka ite ime na mmegharị ikike ndị nna. Ime ime na-aghọ ihe na-akpata nghọtahie na ikpe n'etiti ndị mmekọ.   == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Iwu ndị Rom nyere ohere ime ime ma na-achịkwa ya n'ịtụle nna mụrụ ya. Eze Ukwu Septimius Severus chịrị n'ihe dị ka afọ 211 AD na nwanyị nke turu ime n'enweghị nkwenye site n'aka di ya kwesịrị ihu n'ala ọzọ maka na ọ nwụnahụrụ di ya.<ref name="riddle1">[[John M. Riddle]] (1992). ''Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</ref><ref>"[http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline3.html Timeline 3rd Century]." (2003). ''The Ultimate Science Fiction Web Guide.'' Retrieved June 9, 2006.</ref> N'okwu ya ''Pro Cluentio'', nke e nyere na 66 BC, Cicero na-ezo aka n'okwu ọ nụrụ banyere ya ebe a mara otu nwanyị si Miletus ikpe ọnwụ maka ime ime ya, mgbe ọ natara aka azụ site n'aka ndị guzoro iketa ala di ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ mụtaghị onye nketa. Cicero kwuru na n'ime nke a, ọ "bibiriwo olileanya nke nna, ncheta aha ya, ọkọnọ nke agbụrụ ya, onye nketa nke ezinụlọ ya, nwa amaala ezubere maka iji mba ahụ". Onye edemede [[Greece|Gris]] nke narị afọ nke anọ BC si Alexandria, Egypt, Sopater, hotara onye ọka iwu Lysias, onye zoro aka na ikpe na Atens nke otu nwoke aha ya bụ Antigene boro nwunye ya ebubo na ọ napụrụ ya nwa nwoke site na ite ime.<ref name="riddle1">[[John M. Riddle]] (1992). ''Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</ref> == Ụmụnwoke na ite ime n'iwu == Ma nwoke nwere ikike iwu kwadoro iji kwalite ọdịmma onwe ya, ma ọ bụ maka [[Iwepu afọ ime|ite ime]], ịbụ nna, ma ọ bụ nkuchi, karịa nke nwanyị, dị iche site na mpaghara. N'afọ 2011, a kọrọ na Indonesia, [[Malawi]], Syria, United Arab Emirates, [[Equatorial Guinea]], Kuwait, Maldives, [[Morocco]], South Korea, Saudi Arabia, [[Japan]], Taiwan na [[Turkéy|Turkey]] niile nwere iwu nke chọrọ ka di nwanyị ahụ buru ụzọ nye ikike ite ime. Otú ọ dị, na mba ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịgafe ma ọ bụ merie iwu a ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ezi nchegbu maka ahụike nne.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rahman, Anika|title=A Global Review of Laws on Induced Abortion, 1985–1997|journal=International Family Planning Perspectives|volume=24|issue=2|year=1998|pages=56–64|doi=10.2307/2991926|pmid=14627052|url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2405698.html}}</ref> Kemgbe ''Roe v''. ''Wade'', ụfọdụ steeti na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] anwaala ịme iwu chọrọ nkwenye di na nwunye. Iwu ndị a niile akwadoghị iwu, nkwenye di na nwunye na mkpebi 1976 ''Planned Parenthood v''. ''Danforth'' na mmata di na nwunye na mkpebi 1992 ''Planned Parenthood v''. ''Casey<ref>{{Cite web|title=Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/428/52|work=Legal Information Institute|accessdate=October 2, 2018}}</ref>'' === Ikpe ikpe === Na China, di nke nwanyị nke turu ime gbara akwụkwọ megide ya n'afọ 2002 n'okpuru iwu ezubere inye nha nhata mmekọahụ n'ihe gbasara ịmụ nwa na mkpebi mgbochi. Iwu ahụ kwuru na nwanyị enweghị ihe kachasị mkpa karịa di ya ma ọ bụ nwunye ya n'ikpebi ma ọ ga-amụ nwa.<ref>Maximova, Vickie. "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1883709.stm Chinese man sues wife over abortion]." (March 20, 2002). ''BBC News.'' Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref> Ọtụtụ ikpe ikpe bilitere na mba ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụmụ nwoke gbalịrị igbochi ụmụ nwanyị ha na ha na-enwe mmekọahụ ime ime, ha niile kụrụ afọ n'ala: * 1978: William Paton nke Liverpool, [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] nwara igbochi nwunye ya kewara, Joan, ime ime na ikpe '''1978''' ''Paton v''. ''Ndị nlekọta nke British Pregnancy Advisory Service Trustees''. Otu onye ọka ikpe kpebiri na nwunye ya kwadoro ya na arịrịọ Maazị Paton mechara rịọ maka ịnụrụ ya n'ihu Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ na Yurop.<ref name="bpas">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20041230224629/http://www.bpas.org/press-office/archive_2001/30_03_2001.html Woman in Hone case has abortion]." (March 30, 2001). ''British Pregnancy Advisory Services: Press Release.'' Retrieved May 29, 2006.</ref> * 1987: Robert Carver nke United Kingdom gbalịrị igbochi ite ime na ikpe '''1987''' ''C v''. ''S''. O kwuru na Iwu Ndụ Nwa (Nchekwa) metụtara nwa ebu n'afọ, ebe ọ bụ na, n'oge ahụ, enyi ya nwanyị nọ izu iri abụọ na otu. Mgbe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị kagburu ikpe ahụ, e wetara ya n'ihu Ụlọ Ndị Omeiwu, ebe ndị isi iwu atọ kwadoro mkpebi ndị mbụ. Usoro iwu ahụ dum were awa iri atọ na isii, ebe ndị isi ahụike jụrụ ikwe ka ite ime tupu e nwee mkpebi, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ikpe kachasị ngwa ngwa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwu Britain. Ka o sina dị, nwanyị ahụ metụtara họọrọ ime ime ahụ ruo oge ma nye Carver nwa ahụ.<ref name="bpas" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Brahams D|title=An action by putative father and unborn fetus to prevent termination|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_1987-03-07_1_8532/page/576|journal=Lancet|volume=1|issue=8532|pages=576–7|date=March 1987|pmid=2881128|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(87)90226-1}}</ref> * 1989: Jean-Guy Tremblay nke Quebec, gbara akwụkwọ iwu megide enyi ya nwanyị, Chantal Daigle, iji gbochie ya ime ime ime na ikpe [[Kánada|Canada]] nke '''1989''' ''Tremblay v''. ''Daigle''. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Canada mechara kpebie na ọ dịghị ihe atụ maka ikike nwoke iji chebe "ụmụ ya nwere ike", ebe ọ bụ na achọtaghị nwa ebu n'afọ nwere ikike ibi ndụ n'okpuru Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms . * '''2001''': Stephen Hone nke Coventry, United Kingdom, gbalịrị igbochi enyi ya nwanyị mbụ bụ Claire Hansell ite ime.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1242952.stm Abortion for court fight woman]." (March 26, 2001). ''BBC News.'' Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref> Banyere ụmụnwoke na-ekpebi ịjụ ịbụ nne na nna ma ọ bụrụ na ha dị ime n'atụghị anya ya ma rịọ maka ite ime ego: * '''2006''': Matt Dubay ikpe nkwado ụmụaka bụ ikpe ikpe n'etiti Matt Dubay na enyi ya nwanyị mbụ, ha abụọ nke Saginaw Township, [[Michigan]]. Dubay kwuru n'akwụkwọ ikpe na ọ gwara enyi ya nwanyị mbụ na ọ nweghị mmasị ịghọ nna. Dubay kwukwara n'akwụkwọ ikpe na na nzaghachi, o kwuru na ọ bụ onye na-amụ nwa nakwa na, dị ka ihe nchebe ọzọ, ọ na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi.<ref>MATTHEW DUBAY v. LAUREN WELLS, an Individual, SAGINAW COUNTY PROSECUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, by and through Michael D. Thomas, Prosecutor. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT. 6 Nov. 2007. Us Courts. Web. <http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/07a0442p-06.pdf></ref> A kpọrọ ikpe ahụ "''Roe v''. ''Wade'' for Men" site na National Center for Men. Onye ọka ikpe kagburu ikpe Dubay. * '''2006''': Na [[Uruguay]], otu nwoke kwalitere nchebe megide ite ime nwunye ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. Onye ọka ikpe Pura Book machibidoro ite ime ahụ. Ụmụnwoke ndị gbalịrị ịmanye nwanyị ite ime: * '''2009''': otu nwoke [[Israel]] a na-akpọghị aha ya rịọrọ ụlọ ikpe ka o nye onye bụbu enyi ya nwanyị iwu ka ọ tụpụ ime, na-ekwu na ọ ghaara ụgha banyere mgbochi ime na ịbụ nna mbụ ga-emebi ndụ ya. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ jụrụ arụmụka ya, na-ekwu na nna enweghị ikike na mkpebi nkwụsị.<ref>[https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3716051,00.html Court: 'Sperm theft' doesn't warrant forced termination ]</ref> == Esemokwu == Ndị na-akwado ikike nwoke itinye aka na mkpebi ọmụmụ nke nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ ihe ezi uche na-adịghị na ya na, mgbe ịmịchara ime, ụmụnwanyị nwere ọtụtụ ohere ịhapụ ime na ịbụ nne na nna n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro (dịka ụtụtụ mgbe ọgwụ, ite [[Afọ ime|ime]], nkuchi ma ọ bụ iwu nchekwa) ebe ụmụnwoke enweghị.<ref name="young">Young, Cathy. (April 2003). "[http://www.reason.com/news/show/28737.html Aborting Equality: Men's Odd Place in the Abortion Debate]." ''Reason.'' Retrieved June 11, 2007.</ref> Armin Brott ekwuola banyere nke a, "Nwanyị nwere ike ịnapụ nwoke ikike ya ịghọ nne ma ọ bụ nna ma ọ bụ manye ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ụzọ megidere uche ya."<ref name="bbc">"[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/ethics/abortion/legal/fathers.shtml Abortion and the father]." (n.d.). ''BBC: Religion & Ethics.'' Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref> Nwoke ahụ nwere ike inwe ọrụ nke ịbụ nna, dị ka nkwado ụmụaka, nke a manyere ya megide ọchịchọ ya. Nke a na-emetụta ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ịtụrụ ime enweghị ihe ọmụma ma ọ bụ nkwenye ya, dị ka imebi njikwa ọmụmụ, izu ohi sperm ma ọ bụ mwakpo mmekọahụ nke nwoke.<ref name="McCulley">{{Cite journal|author=McCulley MG|title=The male abortion: the putative father's right to terminate his interests in and obligations to the unborn child|journal=J Law Policy|volume=7|issue=1|pages=1–55|year=1988|pmid=12666677}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3201&context=penn_law_review |title=A CRITIQUE OF THE STRICT LIABILITY STANDARD FOR DETERMINING CHILD SUPPORT IN CASES OF MALE VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT AND STATUTORY RAPE |access-date=2022-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929184238/https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3201&context=penn_law_review |archive-date=2022-09-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, nyocha nzaghachi afọ ofufo sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ ebere na-emegide ịtụrụ ime bụ Care Net nyochara otu puku ụmụnwoke na United States bụ ndị tụụrụ nwanyị ime ime. Ihe ngosi ahụ jiri ọnụọgụgụ ma mee ka nsonaazụ ya dị ntakịrị iji nweta ihe ngosi onye nnọchi anya mba. Ọ bụ naanị ụmụnwoke ndị mmekọ ha gwara ha banyere ite ime ahụ ka a nyochara. Otu ajụjụ jụrụ "Olee ọrụ ị kwenyere na ọtụtụ ndị ị maara na-atụ anya na ụmụnwanyị na ụmụnwoke ga-arụ na mkpebi ime ime?" 21% zara, "Ọ bụ nhọrọ nwanyị na nwoke enweghị ọrụ ọ ga-arụ." 46% zara, "Ọ bụ nhọrọ nwanyị, mana nwoke kwesịrị inwe ụfọdụ ntinye." 29% zara, "Ọ bụ nhọrọ nke nwanyị na nwoke kwesịrị ime ọnụ na ntinye aka nhata." 4% fọdụrụnụ hụrụ nwoke ahụ nwere ọrụ ka ukwuu ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọrụ pụrụ iche na ikpebi, ma ọ bụ amaghị.<ref>[https://lifewayresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Care-Net-2021-Report.pdf Care Net Study of American Men whose Partner has had an Abortion], ''Care Net'', 2021, page 24</ref> === Ime vetoing === Ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụnwoke na ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ndị nna ekwuola na ụmụnwoke kwesịrị inwe ikike veto maka mkpebi ndị mmekọ ha ime.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cahill|first=Charlotte|editor=Chapman|title=Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices|year=2010|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk|isbn=978-0-7656-1761-3|chapter=Men's Movement|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRY27FkGJAUC&pg=PA355}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Baker|first=Maureen|title=Restructuring Family Policies: Convergences and Divergences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2uPKm_6Y7sC&pg=PA95|year=2006|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-8020-8783-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Solinger|first=Rickie|title=Reproductive Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gfem7O38h6MC&pg=PP130|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-981141-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Drakich|first=Janice|year=1989|title=In search of the better parent: The social construction of ideologies of fatherhood|journal=Canadian Journal of Women and the Law|volume=3|issue=1|pages=69&ndash;87}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, ọkà ihe ọmụma George W. Harris dere na, ọ bụrụ na nwoke amụọ nwanyị ime na ebumnuche doro anya nke ịmụ nwa, n'ụzọ nkwekọrịta, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-abụ omume na-adịghị mma maka nwanyị ahụ ka o mechara tụba ime.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1086/292777|author=Harris GW|title=Fathers and fetuses|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ethics_1986-04_96_3/page/594|journal=Ethics|volume=96|issue=3|pages=594–603|date=April 1986|pmid=11658724}}</ref> Ndị na-ajụ ka ụmụnwoke nwee ikike itinye aka kpọmkwem na-arụ ụka na n'ihi na ọ bụ ahụ nwanyị na-ebu nwa a na-amụbeghị amụ, mkpebi ya maka ma ọ bụ megide ite ime kwesịrị ịbụ naanị otu.<ref name="young"/> Marsha Garrison, onye prọfesọ na Brooklyn Law School, kwuru na ụlọ ikpe United States kwetara "na nwa ebu n'afọ dị n'ime ahụ nwanyị, ọ dị n'ime ya ma enweghị ikewapụ ya na ya, ya mere ọ bụghị naanị mkpebi ya banyere ma ọ ga-amụ nwa, ọ bụ banyere ahụ ya. "<ref>[[Pam Belluck]]. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/06/weekinreview/06belluck.html?ex=1181707200&en=4a4d5075047f2047&ei=5070 The Right to Be a Father (or Not)]." (November 6, 2005). ''The New York Times.'' Retrieved June 11, 2007.</ref> === Nkwupụta ime ime === Akụkọ pụrụ iche nke mba United States Gallup nke afọ 2002 kwuru na ọ bụ naanị 38% nke ndị bi na ya na-emegide ịgwa di nke nwanyị lụrụ di maka ite ime.<ref>[http://www.gallup.com/poll/9904/public-opinion-about-abortion-indepth-review.aspx#2 "Public Opinion About Abortion — An In-Depth Review."] Lydia Saad. January 22, 2002.</ref> Na nyocha Gallup nke afọ 2003, 72% nke ndị zaghachirinụ kwadoro ọkwa nye di, na 26% megidere; n'ime ndị a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ, 79% nke ụmụnwoke na 67% nke ụmụnwanyị zara maka ọkwa n'ime [[Agbamakwụkwọ|di na]] nwunye.<ref>The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2005-11-02). "[http://www.people-press.org/2005/11/02/public-opinion-supports-alito-on-spousal-notification-even-as-it-favors-iroe-v-wadei/ Public Opinion Supports Alito on Spousal Notification Even as It Favors Roe v. Wade]." ''Pew Research Center Pollwatch.'' Retrieved 2014-10-16.</ref> === Ime vetoing === Bioethicist Jacob Appel ajụọla, "ọ bụrụ na mmadụ enye nwoke ikike veto n'elu nhọrọ nwanyị ime ime n'ọnọdụ ebe ọ dị njikere ịkwụ ụgwọ maka nwa ahụ, gịnị mere ị gaghị enye ya ikike ịchọ ite ime ebe ọ na-adịghị njikere inye nwa ahụ?"<ref>Appel, Jacob M. “Women’s Rights, Men’s Bodies,” New York Times, December 2, 2005</ref> === Ịhọrọ ịpụ === N'izo aka n'okwu ndị nne na-atụ anya na ụmụnwoke na-achọghị ịghọ nna ga-akwụ ụgwọ nkwado ụmụaka, Melanie McCulley, onye ọka iwu South Carolina, n'isiokwu ya nke afọ 1998, "The Male Abortion: The Putative Father's Right to Terminate His Interests in and Obligations to the Unborn Child," wepụtara echiche nke "nwoke abortion", nke ọ na-arụ ụka na ụmụnwoke kwesịrị inwe ike ịkwụsị ọrụ iwu ha nye ụmụ a na-achọghị.<ref name="young"/> ==== Ịhọrọ n'ime ==== O nwekwara ike ime, kama iwere ọnọdụ na ụmụnwoke kwesịrị inwe nnwere onwe ịpụ na ibu ọrụ na ikike, iji were ọnọdụ na mmadụ ga-ahọrọ ịbanye ma kwenye ịrụ ọrụ ndị ahụ ka a manyere ya ịgbaso ha, na naanị site na ime nke a, nweta ikike ndị nne na nna. Nke a bụ ihe na-eme n'oge nkuchi. == Leekwa == {| width="100%" | width="50%" | * [[Iwepu afọ ime|Ime ime]] * Mkparịta ụka gbasara ite ime * Iwu ime ime * ''Dubay v. Wells'' * Ịha nhata ọha na eze * Mmegharị ikike nke nna * Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị * Nchedo iwu nke ịnweta ite ime * Masculism * Nnwere onwe ụmụ nwoke | width="50%" | * Mmegharị ụmụ nwoke * Ikike ụmụ nwoke * Ọmụmụ ụmụ nwoke * Ndị na-eto eto na ite ime * Ime ime akwụkwọ * Aghụghọ nke nna * ''Planned Parenthood v. Casey'' * Ikike ịmụ nwa * Ohi mkpụrụ ndụ nwoke * ''Tremblay v. Daigle'' |} == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.menandabortion.com Ụmụnwoke na] ite ime: ndụmọdụ tupu ite ime dabara maka ụmụnwoke. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 396xqeg7sotxm3x91nahpl7t8zk8f72 Presumption of guilt 0 13080 743477 125347 2026-11-05T16:23:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743477 wikitext text/x-wiki Echiche nke ikpe mara bụ echiche ọ bụla dị ná mpaghara usoro ikpe ziri ezi na mmadụ bụ onye ikpe mara maka mpụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ echiche na onye a na-enyo enyo bụ onye ikpe mara ọ gwụla ma ọ bụ ruo mgbe egosiri na aka ya dị ọcha.<ref>Raj Bhala. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VfW4AAAAIAAJ Modern GATT Law: A Treatise on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]. Sweet & Maxwell. 2005. Page 935.</ref> == Nkọwa == Dị ka Herbert L. Packer si kwuo, "Ọ ga-abụ ihie ụzọ iche echiche nke ikpe ọmụma dị ka ihe dị iche na echiche nke aka ya dị ọcha nke anyị na-echekarị echiche dị ka isi nke usoro mpụ na nke ... nọ n'ọnọdụ dị mkpa na Usoro Kwesịrị Ekwesị. "<ref name="Two Models">{{Cite journal|author=Packer|first=Herbert L.|title=Two Models of the Criminal Process|authorlink=Herbert L. Packer|journal=University of Pennsylvania Law Review|volume=113|issue=1|pages=1–68|date=November 1964|language=en|url=https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6428&context=penn_law_review|doi=10.2307/3310562|accessdate=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427071210/https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6428&context=penn_law_review|archive-date=27 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Echiche nke ikpe ọmụma nà akwalite ímé ọsịsọ nà arụmọrụ karịa ntụkwasị obi, ma na-emeri mgbe usoro kwesịrị ekwesị adịghị.<ref name="Two Models" /> == Ihe ruuru mmadụ == Na "Onye isi na-ahụ maka ikpe gbasara ọha v. Labavarde na Anor, Neerunjun C.J. kwuru na isiokwu 11(1) nke Nkwupụta Ụwa nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na isiokwu nke 6(2) nke Nkwekọrịta maka Nchedo nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Nnwere Onwe Dị Mkpa ga-emebi ma ọ bụrụ na "ibu ahụ dum bụ . . . . . . na-agbachitere site na ịmepụta echiche nke ikpe ọmụma na naanị nhọrọ nke ebubo mpụ".<ref>Director of Public Prosecutions v. Labavarde and Anor. (1965) 44 International Law Reports 104 at [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VN_3q2hgBiIC&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q&f=false 106]; [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1e8-AQAAIAAJ Mauritius Reports, 1965] 72 at 74, Mauritius, High Court</ref><ref name="Lauterpacht 1972 p. 104">{{Cite book|author=Lauterpacht|first=E.|title=International Law Reports|publisher=Cambridge University Press|series=International Law Reports 160 Volume Hardback Set|year=1972|isbn=978-0-521-46389-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_3q2hgBiIC&pg=PA104|accessdate=March 11, 2020}}</ref> == Usoro Inquisitorial == A na-ekwu mgbe ụfọdụ na n'ime usoro ase ajụjụ, onye a na-ebo ebubo bụ onye ikpe mara ruo mgbe egosiri na aka ya dị ọcha.<ref>For example, Scottish International, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7QFOAQAAIAAJ vols 6 to 7], p 146</ref> E kwukwara na nke a bụ akụkọ ifo na "echiche nkịtị nke ndị ọka iwu Bekee".<ref>Dammer and Albanese. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. Wadsworth. 2014. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H6qs5a_6EE8C&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false p 128].</ref><ref>Roberts and Redmayne. Innovations in Evidence and Proof: Integrating Theory, Research and Teaching. Hart Publishing. Oxford and Portland, Oregon. 2007. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rOrbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false p 379].</ref><ref>For the origins of this belief in South Africa, see (1970) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pcwPAQAAMAAJ 87] South African Law Journal 413</ref> Echiche nke ikpe ọmụma ekwekọghị na echiche nke aka ya dị ọcha ma na-akpali usoro ebubo nke ikpe ziri ezi n'ebe ndị na-ekpe ikpe mara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ingraham|first=Barton L.|title=The Right of Silence, the Presumption of Innocence, the Burden of Proof, and a Modest Proposal|journal=Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology|date=1996|volume=86|issue=2|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6870&context=jclc|accessdate=31 August 2021}}</ref> == Echiche iwu nkịtị == E nweela ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị ikpe ọmụma abụọ n'okpuru iwu nke obodo England, nke malitere site na iwu nke iwu ma ọ bụ iwu usoro nke ụlọ ikpe ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na-ekpe ikpe ma kpebie otú a ga-esi gosipụta eziokwu dị na ikpe ahụ, ma nwee ike ịbụ nke a na-agbagha ma ọ bụ nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. Ndị ahụ bụ:<ref name="Roscoe Granger 1840 p. 9">{{Cite book|author=Roscoe|first=H.|title=A Digest of the Law of Evidence in Criminal Cases|year=1840|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20hfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9|accessdate=March 11, 2020}}</ref> * Echiche nke ikpe ọmụma sitere na omume nke ndị otu a na-ebo ebubo * Echiche nke ikpe ọmụma sitere na inwe ihe onwunwe zuru ohi a pụrụ igosi == Nsonaazụ == A na-ekwu na ịrịọ arịrịọ gụnyere echiche nke ikpe mara.<ref>"5. The Presumption of Guilt" (1973) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=s6cxAAAAIAAJ 82] [[Yale Law Journal]] 312; "The Skeleton of Plea Bargaing" (1992) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mNUwAQAAIAAJ 142] [[New Law Journal]] 1373; (1995) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3VE9EVXw_qAC 14] UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal 129 & 130; (1986) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rsexAAAAIAAJ 77] [[Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology]] 950; Stumpf, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FGzuAAAAMAAJ American Judicial Politics], Prentice Hall, 1998, pp 305 & 328; Rhodes, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Sl1JAQAAIAAJ Plea Bargaining: Who Gains? Who Loses?], Institute for Law and Social Research, 1978, p 9.</ref> American Bar Association kwụrụ na ndị enweghi oke ego a na-ebo ebubo mpụ "na-achọta onwe ha ka usoro nke na-eche na ikpe mara ha."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/2014_vol_40/vol_40_no_1_50_years_later/presumption_of_guilt/|first=John|author=Lewis|title=On the Presumption of Guilt|work=American Bar}}</ref> Echiche nke ikpe ọmụma n'akụkụ ndị nyocha nwere ike ''ime'' ka nkwupụta ụgha, dị ka e kwuru na Ime onye ogbu mmadụ, usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn nke America.<ref>Green and Heilbrun, Wrightsman's Psychology and the Legal System, 8th Ed, Wadsworth, 2014, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-TfTCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q&f=false p 169]; Roesch and Zapf and Hart, Forensic Psychology and Law, Wiley, 2010, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DGWkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158#v=onepage&q&f=false p 158], Kocsis (ed), Applied Criminal Psychology, Charles C Thomas, 2009, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YG0Qyfxqtx8C&lpg=PA200&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q&f=false p 200]; Michael Marshall, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200806135400/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-TfTCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 "Police Presumption of Guilt Key in False Confessions"]. 12 November 2002. University of Virginia School of Law.</ref><ref name="Keith_Findley">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/01/19/the-presumption-of-innocence-exists-in-theory-not-reality/|title=Opinion &#124; The presumption of innocence exists in theory, not reality|first=Keith|author=Findley|work=Washington Post|accessdate=11 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818161433/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/01/19/the-presumption-of-innocence-exists-in-theory-not-reality/|archivedate=18 August 2019}}</ref> == Echiche na-akwadoghị, iwu na-akwadoghị na nke na-akwadoghị == Echiche ikpe ọmụma a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na United States.<ref> Florida Businessmen for Free Enterprise v. State of Fla (1980) 499 F.Supp. 346. See [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KWooAQAAMAAJ United States Code Annotated].</ref> N'agbanyeghị, njide na-abụkarị otu ma ọ bụ "njikọ" na ikpe ọmụma, na-ekwu Anna Roberts, onye prọfesọ iwu nke United States.<ref name="Roberts 2018">{{Cite journal|author=Roberts|first=Anna|title=Arrests As Guilt|date=April 23, 2018}}</ref> N'uche ndị jurors, onye a na-ebo ebubo aghaghị ime ihe ọjọọ.<ref name="Keith_Findley"/> == Leekwa == * Blackstone's ratio – Message that government and the courts must err on the side of innocence * Kangaroo court – Court with little or no judicial credibility * Prosecutor's fallacy – Fallacy of statistical reasoning * Cancel culture – Modern form of ostracism == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụgụ ọzọ == * "Prima Facie Presumptions of Guilt" (1972) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jQpRAQAAIAAJ 121] University of Pennsylvania Law Review 531 * Fellman. "Statutory Presumptions of Guilt". Ikike nke onye na-ebo ebubo taa. University of Wisconsin Press. 1977. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6BOD1Lg1YYAC&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q&f=false p 106]. * Martin, "The Burden of Proof as Affected by Statutory Presumptions of Guilt" (1939) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ppctAAAAIAAJ 17] Canadian Bar Review 37 * {{Cite book|author=Roscoe|first=H.|title=A Digest of the Law of Evidence in Criminal Cases|year=1840|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20hfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9}} * Wharton. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mUUrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false A Treatise on the Criminal Law of the United States]. 1857. Nkebi nke 714, 727, 728 * [https://www.justiceinitiative.org/uploads/de4c18f8-ccc1-4eba-9374-e5c850a07efd/presumption-guilt-09032014.pdf Presumption of Guilt: The Global Overuse of Pretrial Detention nke Open Society Foundations bipụtara] rw4y1asrz8p7334qjq9g9s0aapr2smo Reparations (transitional justice) 0 13278 743493 628250 2026-11-05T18:46:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''A ghọtara nkwụghachi n'ụzọ sara mbara dị ka nkwụghachi ụgwọ e nyere maka mmejọ ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ'''. Nkọwa okwu ọnụ nke nkwụghachi agbanweela nke ukwuu n'ime narị afọ gara aga. Na mmalite 1900s, nkwụghachi bụ mgbanwe n'etiti steeti (lee nkwụghachi agha) bụ usoro ntaramahụhụ nke nkwekọrịta kpebiri ma kwụọ ụgwọ site n'akụkụ esemokwu nke na-enyefe ya, dị ka nkwụghachi ụgwọ Agha Ụwa Mbụ nke Germany na ndị ha na ya jikọrọ aka. Aghọtara nkwụghachi ugbu a dị ka ọ bụghị naanị mmebi agha kamakwa ụgwọ ọrụ na usoro ndị ọzọ enyere ndị aka na-ahụ maka mmebi iwu oke ruru mmadụ site n'aka ndị otu ahụ kpatara. iji nye ha ka echekwara ya otu United Nations. N'ikpe ziri ezi nke mgbanwe, nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ihe steeti na-eme iji dozie mmebi iwu ruuru mmadụ ma ọ bụ iwu enyemaka mmadụ site na nchịkwa nke ụdị nkwụghachi ụgwọ ma ọ bụ nkwụghachi ndị ahụ metụtara. N'ime usoro niile nke ikpe ziri ezi mgbanwe, nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ihi na ha na-edozi ọnọdụ nke ndị ahụ metụtara. Nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ma ọ bụrụ na e mere ya nke ọma, na-ekweta nhụjuanya nke ndị ahụ metụtara, na-enye usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ, yana ụdị nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka mmebi iwu ahụ tara ahụhụ. Nkwụghachi ụgwọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ yana ihe onwunwe. Ha nwere ike ịbụ n'ụdị nkwenye ọha ma ọ bụ ịrịọ mgbaghara maka mmebi iwu gara aga, na-egosi nkwa steeti na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji zaghachi mmegbu mbụ. Ndị na-akwado nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-ekwusi ike [1] na iji dị irè, a ghaghị iji nkwụghachi ụgwọ rụọ ọrụ n'akụkụ usoro ikpe ziri ezi ndị ọzọ dị ka ikpe, ịchọ eziokwu, na mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|title=The Case for Reparations|author=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=2018-03-23}}</ref> Usoro ndị dị otú ahụ na-ahụ na usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ abụghị nkwa efu, usoro nkwụsịtụ nwa oge, ma ọ bụ mgbalị ịzụta ịgbachi nkịtị nke ndị metụtara. [1] == Ụdị == Echiche iwu nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ nwere akụkụ abụọ: ikike nke onye merụrụ ahụ ịnata nkwụghachi ụgwọ, na ọrụ nke onye na-ahụ maka mmerụ ahụ iji nye nkwụghachi ụgwọ. [1] Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike ịchọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ site na usoro ikpe, ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike ịbụ iwu ndị steeti webatara iji dozie nchegbu ma ọ bụ mkpa nke ọtụtụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ ezie na atụmatụ nke mbụ bụ ihe enyemaka n'ịmepụta usoro iwu, nke abụọ bụ ụzọ dị irè karị iji mata nchegbu nke ọtụtụ mmadụ. Ụkpụrụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx|title=OHCHR Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation|work=www.ohchr.org|accessdate=2018-12-01}}</ref> na Nduzi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ikike nke Ngwọta na nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka Ndị Na-emebi Iwu ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Nile na Mmebi Iwu Ndị Mmadụ nke Iwu Ndị Mmadụ nke Mba Nile na-akọwa ụdị nkwụghachi ụgwọ ise: nkwụghachi ụgwọ, nkwụghachi ụgwọ, mmeghari, afọ ojuju, na nkwa nke enweghị mmegharị. # Iweghachi - ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji "weghachi onye ahụ n'ọnọdụ mbụ tupu mmebi iwu ahụ emee". Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye: iweghachi nnwere onwe, ịnụ ụtọ ikike mmadụ, njirimara, ndụ ezinụlọ na nwa amaala, nlọghachi nke ebe obibi mmadụ, iweghachi ọrụ, na nloghachi nke ihe onwunwe. # Mmebi nkwụghachi ụgwọ - ndokwa nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ "maka mmebi ọ bụla a pụrụ ịtụle na akụ na ụba, dịka o kwesịrị ekwesị ma kwekọọ na ịdị njọ nke mmebi iwu na ọnọdụ nke ikpe ọ bụla". Mmebi dị otú ahụ gụnyere: mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche, ohere furu efu, mmebi ihe onwunwe na ọnwụ nke ego, mmebi omume, ụgwọ nke iwu, ahụike, akparamaagwa, na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. # Ntughari - ahụike, akparamaagwa, ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na enyemaka iwu # Afọ ojuju - ihe dị iche iche nke gụnyere ịkwụsị mmebi iwu na mmegbu ruuru mmadụ, ịchọ eziokwu, ịchọ ndị furu efu, mgbake na olili ozu ọzọ, mmachibido ikpe na nchịkwa, ịrịọ mgbaghara ọha na eze, ncheta, na [[Memorialization|ncheta]]. # Nkwenye nke enweghị mmegharị - mgbanwe iji hụ na a na-egbochi mmegbu n'ọdịnihu, gụnyere: njikwa ndị nkịtị nke ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nchekwa, iwusi ụlọ ikpe kwụụrụ onwe ha ike, nchebe nke ndị ọrụ obodo na ndị ọrụ ikike mmadụ, ịkwalite ụkpụrụ ikike mmadụ n'ozuzu ya, na ịmepụta usoro iji gbochie ma nyochaa esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na idozi esemokwu.[3] == Onye na-enweta nkwụghachi ụgwọ == Ndị na-emebi ikike mmadụ nke mba ụwa ma ọ bụ iwu enyemaka mmadụ nwere ikike ịkwụ ụgwọ ngwa ngwa, zuru oke, na nke dị irè. Ndị a tara ahụhụ nwere ike ịbụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ otu ndị mmadụ tara ahụhụ yiri nke ahụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ metụtara, dị ka akọwapụtara site na UN Basic Principles on the matter, bụ: "Ndị mmadụ merụrụ ahụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ n'otu n'otu, gụnyere mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche, nhụjuanya mmetụta uche, ọnwụ akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ nnukwu mmerụ nke ikike ha dị mkpa, site na omume ma ọ bụ omissions nke na-eme ka mmebi iwu ruuru mmadụ nke mba ụwa, ma ọ bụ mmebi iwu enyemaka nke mba ụwa ... ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-adabere na onye ahụ kpọmkwem na ndị merụrụ ahụ na-etinye aka iji nyere ndị nọ n'ahụhụ aka ma ọ bụ iji gbochie mmegbu. "[3] == Onye na-enye nkwụghachi ụgwọ == Steeti, dị ka ikike na-ahụ maka ịhụ na e chebere ikike mmadụ na nchịkwa nke ikpe ziri ezi n'ime ókèala ha, na-ahụkwa maka inye nkwụghachi maka mmegbu na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ụmụ amaala ha tara. Ụkpụrụ Isi nke UN na-ekwukwa na ọ bụrụ na a pụrụ ịchọta mmadụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị steeti maka mmebi iwu na mmegbu a diri, ndị dị otú ahụ na-ahụ maka inye nkwụghachi ụgwọ ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem nye onye ahụ ma ọ bụ site na ịkwụ ụgwọ steeti ụgwọ maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ. [1] Enwere ike ịchọta nkwado iwu mba ụwa maka ikike iji dozie ihe dị irè na ọrụ inye nkwụghachi ụgwọ n'ọtụtụ ikike mmadụ na nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta enyemaka, gụnyere: # Nkwupụta Ụwa nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ - Nkebi nke 8 # Ọgbụgba ndụ mba ụwa maka ikike obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị - Nkebi nke 2 # Nkwekọrịta mba ụwa maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ niile - Nkebi nke 6 # Nkwekọrịta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu megide Mkpagbu - Nkebi nke 14 # Nkwekọrịta maka ikike nke nwatakịrị - Nkebi nke 39 # Mgbakọ Hague gbasara Iwu na Omenala nke Agha n'ala - Nkebi nke 3 # Protocol Mgbakwunye na Mgbakọ Geneva metụtara Nchedo nke Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Esemokwu Ndị Agha Mba Nile - Nkebi nke 91<ref name="Hague Convention">{{citation |author=Second International Peace Conference |date=18 October 1907 |url=http://www.refworld.org/publisher,HAGUE,,,4374cae64,0.html |title=Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and Its Annex: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land}}</ref> # Iwu Rome nke Ụlọikpe Criminal International (ICC) - Isiokwu 78 na 75 == Ihe atụ nke usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ == - Canada Ruo ihe karịrị otu narị afọ, [[Kánada|Canada]] nọgidere na-eme omume nke iwepu ụmụ amaala '''Canada''' n'ezinụlọ ha ma tinye ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi ndị mba India (IRS). Usoro a bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị iji mee ka ọha mmadụ Canada dị n'otu, ma gụnye mmachibido asụsụ obodo na omenala. N'afọ 1991, gọọmentị mba Canada guzobere Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP), nke e boro ebubo inyocha mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị aborigine, gọọmentị, na ọha mmadụ. N'ihi ndụmọdụ ndị kọmitii ahụ, gọọmentị nyere mgbaghara n'ụzọ ihe atụ na "Statement of Reconciliation", na-ekweta na e mere ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ahụ n'ụdị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Pope Benedict nke iri na isii rịọkwara mgbaghara n'aha ndị otu ụka tinyere aka na omume ahụ.<ref>Assembly of First Nations: "AFN National Chief Says Private Audience with Pope Benedict XVI in Vatican City "Closes the Circle" and Enables Work Towards Reconciliation for Residential School Survivors" </ref> Na mgbakwunye, gọọmentị nyere ego nde $ 350 iji nyere ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ahụ metụtara aka.<ref name="ictj1">{{Cite web|url=http://ictj.org/our-work/regions-and-countries/canada|title=Canada & Transitional Justice|publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice|date=28 February 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, gọọmentị etiti bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi nke India, na-ekweta inye ndị lanarịrị mmemme a nkwụghachi ụgwọ. Mkpebi ahụ ruru ihe dị ka ijeri $ 2, ma na-agụnye ụgwọ ego, kọmitii eziokwu, na ọrụ nkwado.<ref>[http://ictj.org/our-work/regions-and-countries/canada International Center for Transitional Justice, Canada Program page] </ref> N'afọ 2017 Prime Minista Justin Trudeau rịọrọ ndị na-edina nwanyị, ndị na-edina nwoke na nwanyị, ndị na-edina nwoke na nwanyị, na ndị transgender nke mba Canada mgbaghara na House of Commons ma kwupụta nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke a ga-enye ụmụ amaala merụrụ ahụ site na omume ụfọdụ nke Steeti. - Chile N'afọ 1990, onye isi ala mba '''Chile''' a họpụtara ọhụrụ bụ Patricio Aylwin kere National Truth and Reconciliation Commission iji nyochaa mmegbu ikike mmadụ nke ọchịchị aka ike nke General Augusto Pinochet n'afọ 1973-1990. Kọmitii ahụ nyochara ndị na-efu efu, ogbugbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekpa ahụ, na-ebipụta Rettig Report na nchọpụta ya na 1991. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, National Corporation for Reparations and Reconciliation gara n'ihu na ọrụ ya. Mmemme ndị a na-atụ aro nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ndị ahụ metụtara, gụnyere: ụgwọ ezumike nká kwa ọnwa, uru agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ ndị ahụ furu efu, ịhapụ ọrụ agha, na ịnweta ọrụ ahụike dị mkpa. Otú ọ dị, a katọrọ atụmatụ ndị a n'ihi ihe dị iche iche, dị ka ịjụ ha ịmata ndị na-eme ihe ike na ọdịda ha ịmata ọtụtụ ndị a ga-akwụ ụgwọ. - [[Morocco]] Na '''Morocco''', a na-akpọkarị oge dị n'agbata afọ 1960 nakwa afọ 1990 dị ka "afọ ndị ndu," na-ezo aka na nnukwu mmebi ikike mmadụ nke mere na mkpọsa gọọmentị nke mmegbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gụnyere igbu mmadụ, mmekpa ahụ, na ikpochapụ nnwere onwe obodo ndị ọzọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ rịgoro n'ocheeze n'afọ 1999, Eze Mohammed nke Isii mepụtara Independent Arbitration Commission (IAC) iji kwụọ ndị a manyere ịla n'iyi na njide na-enweghị isi. IAC kpebiri ihe karịrị ikpe 5,000 ma nye ngụkọta nke US $ 100 nde, mana ndị ahụ metụtara na ezinụlọ ha mere mkpesa maka enweghị nkwuwa okwu na usoro ụlọ ikpe ahụ ma chọọ ihe ndị na-achọ eziokwu na mgbakwunye na nkwụghachi ụgwọ ego. Nrụgide ndị a nyere aka n'ime ka e mepụta 2004 nke atụmatụ mbụ nke mba Arab na-achọ eziokwu, Equity and Reconciliation Commission . IER nyere iwu nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke kwadoro echiche nke nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị ma rụpụta ihe dị ka nde US $ 85 na nkwụghachi ụgwọ ego a kwụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 10,000, yana aro banyere ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka inye nlekọta ahụike na iweghachi ikike obodo. Aro ndị IER dugakwara na mmemme nkwụghachi ụgwọ ọnụ nke jikọtara nkwenye ihe atụ nke mmebi ikike mmadụ na akụkụ mmepe na mpaghara iri na otu nke tara ahụhụ site na ntaramahụhụ nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ictj.org/publication/truth-and-reconciliation-morocco|title=Truth and Reconciliation in Morocco|date=25 April 2011|publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice|accessdate=2 May 2022|archivedate=26 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526052505/https://www.ictj.org/publication/truth-and-reconciliation-morocco}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Mee 2010, mmejuputa usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ nchịkọta na-aga n'ihu. A na-atụ aro na / ma ọ bụ mejuputa mmemme nkwụghachi ụgwọ ndị ọzọ na: Argentina, Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]], East Timor, El Salvador, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Haiti, Iraq, Malawi, [[Liberia]], South Africa, Kenya, United States, na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ictj.org/publication/live-other-kenyans-do-study-reparative-demands-kenyan-victims-human-rights-violations|title="To Live as Other Kenyans Do": A Study of the Reparative Demands of Kenyan Victims of Human Rights Violations|date=25 July 2011|publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice|accessdate=2 May 2022|archivedate=27 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927184329/https://www.ictj.org/publication/live-other-kenyans-do-study-reparative-demands-kenyan-victims-human-rights-violations}}</ref> == Inweghachị ùgwù na iweghachi ùgwù == Inwe ùgwù bụ mbibi ma ọ bụ ịnara ikike ihe onwunwe n'aka ndị nwe ya ma ọ bụ ndị bi na ya, ebe ebumnuche ma ọ bụ n'amaghị ama bụ dehumanization ma ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Atuahene|first=Bernadette|date=2016|title=Dignity Takings and Dignity Restoration: Creating a New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Involuntary Property Loss and the Remedies Required|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/lsi.12249|journal=Law & Social Inquiry|language=en|volume=41|issue=4|pages=802|doi=10.1111/lsi.12249|issn=1747-4469}}</ref> E nwere ihe abụọ a chọrọ: (1) mbibi ihe onwunwe na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ njide na (2) dehumanization ma ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ.<ref name=":1">Atuahene, Bernadette (2016-10-27). "Takings as a Sociolegal Concept: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Involuntary Property Loss". ''Annual Review of Law and Social Science''. '''12''' (1): 174. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-084457. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;1550-3585.</ref> Dehumanization bụ “ọdịda ịmata mmadụ ma ọ bụ otu mmadụ” na nwa ọhụrụ bụ “mmachibido nke nnwere onwe nke onye ma ọ bụ otu dabere na enweghị ike ịmata ma kwanyere ikike ha niile iche echiche.”<ref name=":0" /> Enwere ike ịmepụta ihe akaebe nke ùgwù site na ụzọ elu, na-enyocha ebumnobi na ebumnuche n'azụ ndị malitere iwere, ma ọ bụ ụzọ dị ala, na-enyocha echiche nke ndị a chụpụrụ.<ref name=":1" /> Mgbe mmerụ ahụ a buru ibu nke a na-akpọ ùgwù na-eme, naanị nkwụghachi ụgwọ (ma ọ bụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ihe anụ ahụ e weere) ezughị.<ref name=":0"/> A chọrọ mweghachi ùgwù.<ref name=":1">Atuahene, Bernadette (2016-10-27). "Takings as a Sociolegal Concept: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Involuntary Property Loss". ''Annual Review of Law and Social Science''. '''12''' (1): 174. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-084457. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;1550-3585.</ref> Iweghachi ùgwù bụ ihe ngwọta nke na-achọ inye ndị mmadụ na obodo ndị a chụpụrụ ụgwọ ihe onwunwe site na usoro ndị na-akwado mmadụ ha ma na-ewusi ụlọ ọrụ ha ike.<ref name=":0" /> N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị irè, usoro mmezi ahụ na-etinye ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ obodo ndị a chụpụrụ n'oche ọkwọ ụgbọala ma nye ha oke nnwere onwe n'ikpebi otú e si eme ka ha zuru oke.<ref name=":1" /> Prọfesọ Bernadette Atuahene bu ụzọ mepụta usoro mweghachi ùgwù / ùgwù na-esote nyocha ya banyere ịchụpụ ala na nkwụghachi na mba South Africa n'akwụkwọ ya, We Want What's Ours: Learning from South Africa's Restitution Program (Oxford University Press 2014).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Atuahene|first=Bernadette|date=2016|title=Dignity Takings and Dignity Restoration: Creating a New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Involuntary Property Loss and the Remedies Required|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/abs/dignity-takings-and-dignity-restoration-creating-a-new-theoretical-framework-for-understanding-involuntary-property-loss-and-the-remedies-required/B480D1679FCE9FD8A35706AF62AEDC9F|journal=Law & Social Inquiry|language=en|volume=41|issue=4|pages=796–823|doi=10.1111/lsi.12249|issn=0897-6546}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta n'ofe ọzụzụ etinyela echiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na iwu ndị a n'ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe n'oge dị iche iche na ebe dị iche, na-enye ụzọ mba dị iche iche, akụkọ ihe mere eme iji ghọta ọnwụ ihe onwunwe na-enweghị isi na ihe onwunwe ya na ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe onwunwe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-03|title=Center on Socio-Legal Approaches to Property|url=https://www.kentlaw.iit.edu/institutes-centers/center-on-socio-legal-approaches-to-property|accessdate=2021-08-31|work=Chicago-Kent College of Law|language=en|archivedate=2021-08-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831152345/https://www.kentlaw.iit.edu/institutes-centers/center-on-socio-legal-approaches-to-property}}</ref> Usoro mweghachi ùgwù / ùgwù na-enye akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu iji kọwaa ma nyochaa ihe onwunwe sitere n'aka ndị ogbenye na ndị na-adịghị ike n'ụwa niile n'oge akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche iche; na-elekwasị anya na mgbazi site na ijikọ ihe omume nke ịchụpụ ihe onwunwe iji gosipụta ohere maka mmụta, iguzogide, na ịdị n'otu; na-enye ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkà mmụta ihe onwunwe ohere isonye na mkparịta ụka banyere ọnwụ ihe onwunwe na-enweghị isi na ngwọta zuru oke; na-ejide ma ihe onwunwe na ihe na ihe na-enweghị ihe onwunwe; ma tinye ùgwù n'ime okwu ndị ọkà mmụta banyere ihe onwunwe, na-emegide otu ihe na-elekwasị anya na arụmọrụ, nke na-achịkwa nyocha iwu kemgbe ịrị elu nke iwu na akụ na ụba.<ref>Atuahene, Bernadette (2016-10-27). "Takings as a Sociolegal Concept: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Involuntary Property Loss". ''Annual Review of Law and Social Science''. '''12''' (1): 178–79. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-084457. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;1550-3585.</ref> == Nsogbu ndị nwere ike == Enwere nsogbu nhazi nke dị na nkwụghachi ụgwọ, dị ka ịkọwa ebumnuche, ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na usoro nke a ga-ekesa nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ikpebi otu esi edozi ọtụtụ arụrụala na mmemme ndị a haziri ahazi, ma ọ bụ ịhazi mmepe akụ na ụba na mgbalị nkwụghachi ụgwọ ego.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dromi|first=Shai M.|title=Uneasy Settlements: Reparation Politics and the Meanings of Money in the Israeli Withdrawal from Gaza|journal=Sociological Inquiry|year=2014|volume=84|issue=1|pages=294–315|doi=10.1111/soin.12028|url=http://osf.io/pna7w/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229092119/https://osf.io/pna7w/|archive-date=2020-02-29|access-date=2023-11-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na-atụ aro na nsogbu ndị ahụ dị na nkọwa nke nkwụghachi ụgwọ n'onwe ha. [1] Ikike ịchọ ma nweta nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ nke steeti nke ụmụ amaala ya tara ahụhụ, mana a na-egbochi ndị mmadụ ịchụso ebubo maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ kpọmkwem megide steeti mejọrọ ha. N'ihi ya, inye nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ajụjụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, a pụkwara ịhapụ ndị mmadụ merụrụ ahụ n'enweghị ụgwọ ma ọ bụ ghara ịkwụ ụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Abraham|first=Haim|date=2019-12-01|title=Tort Liability for Belligerent Wrongs|url=https://academic.oup.com/ojls/article/39/4/808/5536343|journal=Oxford Journal of Legal Studies|language=en|volume=39|issue=4|pages=813–814|doi=10.1093/ojls/gqz025|issn=0143-6503}}</ref> Enwere ike ịgbagha ụkpụrụ nduzi nke otú UN banyere nkwụghachi ụgwọ n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha na-eme ka mmebi ikike mmadụ tụnyere mmebi nke ikike obodo na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-eleghara mmegbu nke ikike akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na omenala anya. Ntuziaka ndị ahụ na-ekwu n'ụzọ doro anya na ebumnuche ha bụ iweghachi ndị ahụ metụtara n'ọnọdụ ha n'oge udo, mana nkesa ikike na akụ na ụba anaghị adịkarị nhata n'oge udo. N'ihi ya, nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ebumnuche ha bụ iweghachi ọha mmadụ n'ọnọdụ ya, na-agba ọsọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ileghara mmegbu usoro anya na imepụta usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-akatọ mmemme nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ileghara mkpa ụmụnwanyị anya na usoro ikpe ziri ezi. N'afọ 2007, ndị otu ụmụnwanyị gbakọtara iji nyochaa otú iwu nkwụghachi ụgwọ nwere ike isi na-anabata ndị e mesoro ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị. Mgbalị ha dugara na "Nairobi Declaration on Women's and Girl's Right to a Remedy and Reparation", nke na-ekwu na "nkwụghachi ụgwọ ga-agabiga ihe kpatara ya na nsonaazụ nke mpụ na mmebi iwu; ha ga-ezube idozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na enweghị nhata nke na-akpụzi ndụ ụmụnwanyị na ụmụagbọghọ. "<ref>Nairobi Declaration on Women's and Girl's Right to a Remedy and Reparation (2007), International Meeting on Women's and Girl's Right to a Remedy and Reparation, Nairobi.</ref> Enwere ike idozi ụfọdụ n'ime nchegbu ndị a site n'inye ụmụnwanyị ikike inwe olu na usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ, na-agbagha omume ịkpa ókè, na ịkụziri obodo banyere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ.<ref name="ictj1"/> Na mgbakwunye na ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị, a na-ewepụkarị ụmụaka na usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ. Ihe kpatara nke a dịgasị iche iche; nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-adakarị n'aka ndị nne na nna ma na-enye ụmụaka naanị n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè, na mmemme nkwụghachi ụgwọ anaghị echebara eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụmụaka na ndị okenye na-emetụta ihe ike n'ụzọ dị iche. N'ihi ya, nkwụghachi ụgwọ kwesịrị inwe akụkụ ụmụaka kpọmkwem iji lekwasị anya na mmegbu nke ụmụaka na-ata ahụhụ. == Leekwa == * Nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ịgba ohu * Nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke Holocaust == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụgụ ọzọ == *   *   *   * {{Cite journal|author=Rubio-Marín|first=R.<!--Ruth-->|title=Women and reparations|journal=[[International Journal of Transitional Justice]]|volume=1|issue=3|pages=318–337|doi=10.1093/ijtj/ijm035|date=December 2007}} *   ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b4wo3swsl3ywsiqrisurvfdfq8czjv4 Valentina Acava 0 13306 743580 188869 2026-11-06T09:00:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} 'Valentina Acava bụ onye edemede, onye nkuzi na onye nka. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado n'ezoghị ọnụ iji kwụsị mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị (FGM) site na iji ụlọ ọrụ nka na agụmakwụkwọ. A mụrụ ya na nne na nna ndị Ịtali na ndị Gris ma zụlite ya na [[South Africa|Saụt Afrịka]].<ref>[https://valentinammaka.blogspot.com/p/l_19.html Biography]</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere Nzukọ okike, ikpo okwu nka banyere ndị na-ese ihe na East Africa. [[Usòrò:Valentina_acava_author.jpg|thumb]] Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ na-ede akwụkwọ ozi site na mba Afrịka dị iche iche. O bipụtala akwụkwọ iri na otu, gụnyere akwụkwọ ụmụaka, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na uri.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=Valentina+Acava+Mmaka WorldCat author page]</ref> ''Io... donna... immigrata...'' (I...immigrant...woman...) bụ egwuregwu nke emere na Italy, France, Congo, Kenya, South Africa. ''The Cut'' bụ ọrụ ikpeazụ e mepụtara site na Gugu Women Lab, nchịkọta nke ụmụ nwanyị si South Africa na mba Afrịka ndị ọzọ hiwere na Cape Town na 2011. Ọ dabere n'ezi ahụmịhe nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị sonyere na ya bụ ndị e merụrụ ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. Ihe nkiri a anọwo na ogbo n'afọ 2013 n'Ịtali ma n'oge mbido afọ 2014 natara nkwado nke [http://www.amnesty.it Amnesty International Italia] n'ihi uru ọ bara n'ịkwalite mmata banyere mmerụ ahụ ụmụ nwanyị site na iji nka. E bipụtara nhọrọ nke akụkọ ya n'afọ 2013 na mbipụta nke abụọ nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20140313141844/http://www.italianstudiescenter.org/2013/12/17/italian-studies-in-southern-africa-22013/ ''Italian Studies of Southern Africa Journal''] (UNISA - Pretoria afọ 2013). Ọ nọchitere anya South Africa, ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ si Afrịka kọntinent, na International Grinzane Cavour Meeting "Il deserto e dopo". La letteratura africana dall’oralità alla parola scritta’ na 2007. == Mbipụta == === Akwụkwọ ụmụaka === * ''Il mondo a colori della famiglia BwanaVal'' (Kabiliana afọ 2002) * ''Jabuni il mistero della città sommersa'' (EMI afọ 2003) * ''I nomi della Pace Amani'' (EMI 2004) * ''Le Fantastiche Storie di Ortensia'' (KabilianaPress 2016) * ''La Storia di Selma'' (KabilianaPress 2016) === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * ''Cercando Lindiwe'' (Epoché 2007– KabilianaPress 2014) * ''Il Viaggio Capovolto'' (Epoché 2010) === Ụlọ ihe nkiri === * Io...donna...immigrata... volere dire scrivere (EMI 2004) * I ... immigrant... woman... (2017) * ''The Cut'' (2016) === uri === * ''L'Ottava Nota'' (Prospettiva 2002) * OUT (KabilianaPress 2016) === Nnwale === * "The Cut. Voices for Change breaking Silence on Female Genital Mutilation" (2017) === Atụmatụ === N'afọ 2011, Mmaka hiwere na Cape Town otu ụmụ nwanyị (South Africa na ndị mbịarambịa si mba Afrịka ndị ọzọ) iji mepụta ọrụ edemede banyere ikike mmadụ. Nsonaazụ bụ ihe ndabere n'ihe banyere egwuregwu ya, ''The Cut'' . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/khatna-fgm-global-dawoodi-bohra-community Echiche banyere FGM n'ime Bohra Community] * [http://www.pambazuka.org/governance/ethiopia-still-far-eradicating-fgm "Ethiopia Ka Dị Anya Ịkwụsị Mmegbu F"] * [http://www.pambazuka.org/governance/fighting-scourge-fgm-kenya "Ịlụ ọgụ na ihe otiti nke FGM na Kenya"] * [http://www.pambazuka.org/security-icts/what-media-should-do-fight-against-fgm "Ihe mgbasa ozi kwesịrị ime n'ọgụ megide FGM"] * [http://www.pambazuka.org/governance/young-activist-fights-fgm-kenya "Young Activist fights FGM in Kenya"] * "Ọ nwụrụ na ihere", Pambazuka 2014 * Nhọrọ nke uri ndị a na-ebipụtaghị Italian Studies in Southern Africa, 2013 * [http://www.corriereimmigrazione.it/ci/2013/05/salvarsi-e-prendere-coscienza/ Salvarsi è prendere coscienza] (Corriere Immigrazione) * [http://peridirittiumani.blogspot.it/2013/09/contro-le-mutilazioni-genitali.html Contro le Mutilazioni Genitali] Femminili (Per I Diritti Umani) 2013 * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20231012150402/https://frontierenews.it/2014/02/the-cut-le-storie-di-mutilazioni-genitali-femminili-arrivano-a-teatro/ Le storie di mutilazioni genitali femminili arrivano a teatro]" (Frontierenews)2014 * "The Cut, intervista" (Missionidafrica) 2013 * [http://www.unosguardoalfemminile.it/wordpress/dove-eravamo/intervista-a-valentina-acava-mmaka-scrittrice-testimone-della-storia-africana Intervista] a Unosguardoalfemminile 2013 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527154122/http://www.warscapes.com/conversations/presence-shadows Ajụjụ ọnụ] ya na Yewande Omotoso - Warscapes 2014 * Ajụjụ ọnụ nke [http://valentinammaka.blogspot.com.es/2014/01/kenya-sitawa-wafula-activism-and-mental.html Sitawa Wafula] * Ajụjụ ọnụ nke [http://valentinammaka.blogspot.it/2011/11/reflexions-from-kenya-talking-with-poet.html Philo Ikonya] * Ajụjụ ọnụ nke [http://valentinammaka.blogspot.it/2010/12/intervista-allo-scrittore-sudafricano.html Mike Nicol] * Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Phillippa Yaa de Villiers * Ajụjụ ọnụ nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20140313154523/http://authorsinafrica.com/interview-with-richard-ali-a-nigerian-literary-sensation/ Richard Ali] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kl450mbmjm8tauibob6iu6ylb0ghjy2 Right of self-defense 0 13320 743498 125468 2026-11-05T19:18:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ikike nke nchebe onwe''' (nke a na-akpọkwa, mgbe ọ na-emetụta ịgbachitere onye ọzọ, nchebe '''alter ego n'asụsụ bekee,''' ịgbachitere ndị ọzọ, ịgbachitere onye nke atọ) bụ ikike maka ndị mmadụ iji ike ezi uche dị na ya ma ọ bụ '''nchebe''', maka ebumnuche nke ịgbachitere ndụ onwe onye (ịgbachitere onwe onye) ma ọ bụ ndụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere - n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ - iji ike na-egbu egbu.<ref>For the rationale of Self-defense, see: Boaz Sangero, Self-Defence in Criminal Law 11 – 106 (Hart Publishing, 2006).</ref> Ọ bụrụ na onye a na-ebo ebubo na-eji ike nchebe n'ihi iyi egwu nke mmerụ ahụ na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ nke ọjọọ site n'aka onye nke ọzọ, ma ọ bụ echiche ezi uche dị na mmerụ ahụ dị otú ahụ, a na-ekwu na onye a na-ebo ebubo nwere "nchebe onwe zuru oke".<ref name="CL">Criminal Law Cases and Materials, 7th ed. 2012; John Kaplan, Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder</ref> Ọ bụrụ na onye a na-ebo ebubo na-eji ike nchebe n'ihi echiche dị otú ahụ, na echiche ahụ abụghị ihe ezi uche dị na ya, onye a na-ebo ebubo nwere ike inwe "nchebe onwe onye na-ezughị okè" dị ka ihe ngọpụ.<ref name="CL" /> == Echiche izugbe - Usoro Iwu ==   Echiche ndị mbụ adịghị eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ịgbachitere mmadụ na ịgbachitere ihe onwunwe. Ma ọ bụ n'uche ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, nke a naewuli elu na ụkpụrụ Iwu nke mba Rom nke a kpọrọ ''dominium'' n'asụsụ Latin ebe mwakpo ọ bụla a wakporo ndị òtù ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe o nwere bụ mwakpo onwe onye na ''pater familias'' - onye isi nwoke nke ezinụlọ, naanị onye nwe ihe onwunwe niile nke ezinụlọ, ma nye iwu ikike ịchị ụmụ ya niile site n'usoro nwoke n'agbanyeghị afọ ha.<ref>''See generally'', Frier & McGinn, ''A Casebook on Roman Family Law'', Oxford University Press (2004).</ref> A na-ekwupụta ikike ịgbachitere onwe ya dị ka ụkpụrụ nke ''vim vi repellere licet'' ("a na-ekwe ka ọ chụpụ ike site na ike") na <nowiki><i id="mwNA">Digest</i></nowiki> of Justitian (narị afọ nke isii). Ntinye ọzọ nke a bụ echiche Martin Luther nke iguzogide ziri ezi megide onye ọchịchị Beerwolf, nke e ji mee ihe n'ozizi nke onye ọka ikpe dị ala nke a tụrụ aro n'afọ 1550 Magdeburg Confession . Na akwụkwọ ''Leviathan'' (1651) nakwa, Hobbes (na-eji okwu Bekee na-agbachitere onwe ya na nke mbụ ya) tụpụtara ntọala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnọdụ okike ebe enweghị ikike na steeti nke oge a. Hobbes na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nwere ike ịdị ike ma ọ bụ nwee ọgụgụ isi karịa ndị ọzọ n'ọnọdụ okike ha, ọ dịghị nke siri ike karịa egwu ọnwụ ike, nke na-akwado nchebe onwe onye dị ka mkpa kachasị mkpa. Na ''Nkwekọrịta Abụọ nke Gọọmenti'', John Locke na-ekwupụta ihe kpatara onye nwe ya ga-eji hapụ nnwere onwe ha:<blockquote>... obi ụtọ nke ihe onwunwe o nwere na steeti a adịghị ize ndụ, enweghị nchebe. Nke a na -eme ka ọ dị njikere ịhapụ ọnọdụ, nke, n'agbanyeghị nnwere onwe, jupụtara n'egwu na ihe ize ndụ na -aga n'ihu: ọ bụghịkwa n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya, na ọ na -achọ, ma dị njikere isonyere ọha mmadụ na ndị ọzọ, ndị dịlarị n'otu, ma ọ bụ nwee uche ịdị n'otu, maka ichekwa ndụ ha, nnwere onwe na ala, nke ọtụtụ na -akpọ aha n'ozuzu, ihe onwunwe.</blockquote>N'oge gara aga tupu mmepe nke ndị uwe ojii mba, mwakpo n'ụlọ ezinụlọ bụ n'ụzọ dị irè ma ọ bụ mwakpo megide ndị nọ n'ime n'ezie ma ọ bụ mwakpo na-apụtaghị ìhè na ọdịmma ha site na ịnapụ ha ebe obibi na / ma ọ bụ ụzọ mmepụta. Njikọ a dị n'etiti mwakpo onwe onye na ihe onwunwe dara mbà ka ọha mmadụ na-etolite mana iyi egwu nke ime ihe ike ka bụ isi ihe. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọbụbụeze, n'okwu ya nke afọ 1918 ''Politik als Beruf'' (Politics as a Vocation), Max Weber kọwara steeti dị ka ikike na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị ya nwere ikike iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ime ókèala akọwapụtara. N'ịghọta na usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ nke mba apụtawo site na iji ike eme ihe, Weber kwusiri ike na iji ike eme ihe site na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ka dị mkpa maka ọchịchị dị irè na ọkwa ọ bụla nke pụtara na enyemaka onwe onye dị ntakịrị ma ọ bụrụ na ewepụghị ya. Maka ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a, ajụjụ banyere nchebe onwe onye bụ otu n'ime ikike omume n'ime mba iji setịpụ oke nrubeisi nye steeti na iwu ya nyere ihe ize ndụ zuru oke n'ụwa jupụtara na ngwá agha. N'ime ọha mmadụ nke oge a, steeti na-enyefe ma ọ bụ na-etinye ikike mmanye ha n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ma ọ bụ iji gbakwunye ma ọ bụ dochie akụkụ dị n'ime ndị isi ike. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na steeti anaghịzi ekwu na ọ bụ ndị uwe ojii nwere ikike n'ime ókèala ha, na-eme ka arụmụka na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike iji ikike ma ọ bụ ihe ùgwù iji mee ihe ike na-agbachitere onwe ha. N'ezie, nnwere onwe nke oge a na-egosipụta ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime iwu dị ka ndị na-etinye aka na nnwere onwe onwe na, ọkachasị, na-arụ ụka na ikike nke nchebe onwe onye site na mmanye (gụnyere ime ihe ike) bụ ikike mmadụ dị mkpa, na n'ọnọdụ niile, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, na-akwado ojiji niile nke ime ihe ike sitere na ikike a, n'agbanyeghị ma ọ bụ iji chebe mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe. N'okwu a, rịba ama na Nkebi nke iri na abuo (12) Nkwupụta Ụwa nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na-ekwu:<blockquote>A gaghị etinye onye ọ bụla na nzuzo ya, ezinụlọ ya, ụlọ ya ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ozi ya, ma ọ bụ ịwakpo nsọpụrụ ya na aha ya. Onye ọ bụla nwere ikike ichebe iwu megide ntinye aka ma ọ bụ mwakpo dị otú ahụ.</blockquote>Ntinye nke ịgbachitere ezinụlọ na ụlọ mmadụ na-aghọta uru zuru ụwa ọnụ nke a na-ekwu na ọ sitere na ezinụlọ nwere ihe onwunwe onwe onye n'udo. Usoro a n'ozuzu ya na-awakpo mba Hohfeld n'ụzọ doro anya na-elekwasị anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ikike na ọrụ dị ka akụkụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na-emegide ikike ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe dị mkpa karị n'ihi na ha na-ejikọta mmadụ site na ikike ya nwere ihe onwunwe. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-esote na, na mmega omume a, iwu ga-eme mpụ n'otu oge na-akpata ọnwụ ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ, mana ọ na-eme ka ime ihe ike yiri nke na-akpata ọnwụ ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ n'ihi na a na-eji ya echebe onwe ya. Dị ka mkpebi nke mgbagwoju anya a doro anya na n'iguzogide Hohfeld, Robert Nozick kwusiri ike na enweghị ikike obodo dị mma, naanị ikike nke ihe onwunwe na ikike nnwere onwe. N'echiche a, "ụkpụrụ nnweta" na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ nwere ikike ịgbachitere ma jigide ihe niile ha nwetara n'ụzọ ziri ezi na "ụkpụrụ mmezi" chọrọ ka a rụzie mmebi ọ bụla nke ụkpụrụ mbụ ahụ site n'ịghachite ihe onwunwe n'aka ndị nwe ha kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka "otu oge redistribution". N'ihi ya, na ndabara nke nchebe onwe onye na mbụ, a ghaghị imebi ihe onwunwe ọ bụla dị mma ma ọ bụ n'ụdị ma ọ bụ site na uru. N'otu aka ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka George Fletcher nakwa Robert Schopp anabatala echiche ndị mba Europe banyere nnwere onwe na echiche nnwere onwe ha iji kwado onye nwe ikike site na iji ike niile dị mkpa iji chebe nnwere onwe ya na ikike ya. Ikike a na-agbanwe ''ụkpụrụ obi ụtọ'' nke uru na ime ihe ike na-emeghachi omume bụ ihe kachasị mma nye onye ọ bụla, mana ọ na-egosipụta Jeremy Bentham n'ụzọ ziri ezi bụ onye hụrụ ihe onwunwe dị ka ike na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee ike ịkwalite ọrụ ha site na itinye ego na ahia. N'echiche na-emesapụ aka, ya mere, iji mee ka uru ahụ dị ukwuu, ọ dịghị mkpa ịla azụ ma ọ bụ jiri naanị ike kwesịrị ekwesị. E kwuru na onye mwakpo ahụ na-achụ nchebe iwu mgbe ọ malitere mwakpo ahụ. N'akụkụ a, iwu mpụ abụghị ngwá ọrụ nke steeti ọdịmma nke na-enye nchekwa nchekwa maka mmadụ niile mgbe ha merụrụ ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a ghaghị ịmata oke ụfọdụ dị ka ebe obere mwakpo mbụ na-aghọ naanị ihe ngọpụ maka mmeghachi omume ime ihe ike gabiga ókè. Usoro iwu obodo nwere echiche nke "iji ikike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi" iji kọwaa ịgọnahụ ihe ziri ezi n'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị oke njọ. == Echiche omume ọma == Ikike ichebe onwe site na Graeco-Roman Natural Rights theory, nke onye ọchịchị Rom bụ Cicero (106–43 ) na ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ, nke odee akwụkwọ bu Aristotle metụtara. Miguel Faria, onye dere akwụkwọ America, Guns, and Freedom (2019), na-ede na Surgical Neurology International kọwara na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ikike ichebe mmadụ ha site na ikike okike iji chebe onwe ha; na ọ bụghị naanị ikike ịgbachitere onwe ha kamakwa ọrụ omume iji chebe ezinụlọ ha na ndị agbata obi ha; na ikike iji chebe onwe ha na-agbasapụ n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu iji gbochie ma ọ bụ gbochie ọchịchị aka ike.<ref name="SNI">{{Cite web|author=Faria|first=Miguel A.|title=The moral philosophy of self-defense and resistance to tyranny in the Judeo-Christian Tradition|url=https://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/the-moral-philosophy-of-self-defense-and-resistance-to-tyranny-in-the-judeo-christian-tradition-a-review-of-david-kopels-the-morality-of-self-defense-and-military-action-the-judeo/|work=Surgical Neurology International (SNI)|accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref> Ikike nke ndị nweere onwe ha iburu ngwá agha maka nchebe onwe ha, na-aghọ ọrụ iji chebe ndị nọ n'okpuru ezinụlọ ha na nlekọta ha. Ọtụtụ okpukpe, ọkachasị n'ihe nketa ndị Juu na Ndị otú Kraịst kwenyere na ikike iji ogwe aka chebe onwe ha na ichebe ụlọ. Katkizim Katọlik sitere na mmalite dabere na ọrụ nkà mmụta okpukpe nke St Thomas Aquinas. Ọ na-agụ, sị: "Nchebe iwu kwadoro nwere ike ịbụ ọ bụghị naanị ikike kamakwa ọrụ dị egwu maka onye na-ahụ maka ndụ ndị ọzọ. Ịgbachitere ọdịmma mmadụ niile chọrọ ka onye na-eme ihe ike na-ezighị ezi ghara imerụ ahụ. " Ọzọkwa, dị ka "ọ na -eme na mkpa ọ dị ime ka onye na -eme ihe ike ghara inwe ike imerụ ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ gụnyere igbu ndụ ya. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church, Part Three, Life in Christ, Section Two, The Ten Commandments, Article 5, The Fifth Commandment|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a5.htm|work=Vatican Archives|accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref> Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Bekee bụ John Locke (1632–1704) kwuru na ikike okike bụ ihe doro anya ma nye mmadụ ike "ịchụso ndụ, ahụike, nnwere onwe na ihe onwunwe," yana ikike ịgbachitere onwe ya. Ndị guzobere United States weere echiche a ma Thomas Jefferson mepụtara ya n'ụzọ doro anya na Nkwupụta nnwere onwe. Na nyocha ya nke David Kopel's The morality of self-defense and military action: The Judeo-Christian Tradition (2017), Faria kwubiri, sị: "Nnwere onwe na ikike ichekwa ndụ site na nchebe onwe onye bụ ikike okike nke ndị mmadụ - ya bụ, onyinye sitere n'aka Chineke ma ọ bụ Nature nye mmadụ na - gọọmentị ndị na-anwa igbochi ikike ndị ahụ abụghịzi ọchịchị ziri ezi kama ọ bụ usurpations. Ọchịchị ọjọọ na ịpụnara mmadụ ihe na-enupụ isi megide Chineke na mmadụ, ya mere ndị mmadụ nwere ikike ziri ezi iji chebe onwe ha n'ụdị nnupụisi iji kwatuo ọchịchị ndị ahụ. "<ref name="SNI"/> == Nchebe nke ndị ọzọ ==   Iwu ndị ahụ bụ otu mgbe e ji ike chebe ''onye ọzọ'' pụọ n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref name="CL">Criminal Law Cases and Materials, 7th ed. 2012; John Kaplan, Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder</ref> N'ozuzu, onye a na-ebo ebubo ga-enwerịrị nkwenye ezi uche dị na onye nke atọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ebe ha nwere ikike ịgbachitere onwe ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye na-amaghị ama na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ na-alụ ọgụ ga-enwe ike ịgbachitere njide ha nke yiri ka ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe ike. Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, onye na-akpata mmerụ ahụ iji chebe onye ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ onye ebubo mpụ na nke obodo ma ọ bụrụ na nchebe dị otú ahụ adịghị mkpa. == Nchebe iwu maka ebubo nchebe onwe == Ikwupụta ikpe nchebe onwe onye ga-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na iyi egwu ahụ. Nke a gụnyere ma ọ bụ iyi egwu ọnụ nke mere ka onye ahụ nwee mmetụta nke iyi egwu, ruo n'ókè nke na ha chere na ọ dị mkpa ịgbachitere onwe ha. Ọ ga-adaberekwa ma ọ bụrụ na iyi egwu ahụ dị nso ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imminent Danger Law and Legal Definition|url=https://definitions.uslegal.com/i/imminent-danger/|accessdate=2018-11-29|work=definitions.uslegal.com|publisher=USLegal, Inc.|language=en-US}}</ref> Ajụjụ ụfọdụ ị ga-ajụ bụ na iyi egwu ahụ ọ ga-eme ma ndụ onye ahụ ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ezie? Ọ̀ kpasuru onye ahụ iwe maka mwakpo ahụ? Mgbe onye ahụ wakporo onye ahụ, ọ bụ nchebe onwe ya kwekọrọ na iyi egwu ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọ ruru ebe onye ahụ mechara nwụọ mgbe ọ na-adịghị mkpa ka e gbuo ha? Ọ bụ 'nkụzi ụlọ elu' na-agbachitere?<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/castle_doctrine|title=Castle Doctrine|author=Ryan|first=Ms. Meghan|date=2009-11-16|work=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en|accessdate=2018-11-29}}</ref> Ha kpachaara anya mebie n'ụlọ onye ahụ ma gbalịa imerụ onye ahụ ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ ha ahụ ruo n'ókè ebe ha ga-agbachitere onwe ha ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ site na iji ike na-egbu egbu? == Usoro Akara nke Penal (Model Penal Code) == Na US, Model Penal Code §3.04 nwere nkọwa zuru oke maka iji ike mee ihe, gụnyere mgbe ọ ziri ezi, na mmachi na ihe ziri ezi.<ref name="CL">Criminal Law Cases and Materials, 7th ed. 2012; John Kaplan, Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder</ref> The Model Penal Code abụghị iwu gọọmentị na United States. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ikpe na steeti na-agbaziri ya nke ukwuu. == Ikpe iwu nkịtị == Na People v. ''La Voie'', Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Colorado, 395 P.2d 1001 (1964), Ụlọ ikpe ahụ dere, "Mgbe mmadụ nwere ezi ihe mere o ji kwere, ma kwenye n'ezie n'ezie, na ihe ize ndụ nke igbu ya, ma ọ bụ ịnata nnukwu mmerụ ahụ, dị nso, ọ nwere ike ime ihe n'ọdịdị dị otú ahụ ma gbachitere onwe ya, ọbụna ruo n'ókè nke igbu ndụ mmadụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịpụta na ọdịdị ahụ bụ ụgha, ma ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịbụ na o mehiere ụzọ banyere oke ezigbo ihe ize ndụ n'ezie. " == Nkọwa na mba ụfọdụ == * Australia * Czech Republic * Sweden * England na Wales * United States == Leekwa == * Ogbugbu ziri ezi * Ntụle nke iwu égbè site na mba * Pikuach nefesh * Ikike idebe ma buru ngwá agha * ''Nwa ọgụ demesne'' * Iji ike na-aga n'ihu == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ == * {{Cite journal|first=Catherine L.|author=Carpenter|year=2003|title=Of the Enemy Within, The Castle Doctrine, and Self-Defense|journal=Marquette Law Review|volume=86|issue=4|pages=653–700|url=http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol86/iss4/1}} * Sir Edward Coke, The First Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England, or, A Commentary on Littleton (London, 1628, ed. F. Hargrave na C. Butler, 19th ed., London, 1832) * Dressler, Joshua, New Thoughts About the Concept of Justification in the Criminal Law: A Critique of Fletcher's Thinking and Rethinking, (1984) 32 UCLA L. Rev. 61. * Fletcher, George P. (1990) Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, . * Fletcher, George P. (2000) Rethinking Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, . * {{Cite journal|author=Getman|first=Julius G|title=The Continuing Assault on the Right to Strike|year=2001|volume=79|issue=3|journal=Texas Law Review}} * {{Cite journal|author=Green|first=Stuart P.|title=Castles and Carjackers: Proportionality and the Use of Deadly Force in Defense of Dwellings and Vehicles|year=1999|journal=University of Illinois Law Review|volume=1999|issue=1}} *   * {{Cite journal|author=McCoy|first=Scott D.|title=The Homosexual-Advance Defense and Hate Crimes Statutes: Their Interaction and Conflict|year=2001|volume=22|issue=2|journal=Cardozo Law Review|pages=629}} * {{Cite journal|pages=379–486|author=Maguigan|first=H.|title=Battered Women and Self-Defense: Myths and Misconceptions in Current Reform Proposals|volume=140|issue=2|journal=University of Pennsylvania Law Review|year=1991|doi=10.2307/3312349|url=https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol140/iss2/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214083258/https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol140/iss2/1/|archive-date=2021-12-14|access-date=2022-05-02|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|pages=1235–1308|author=Nourse|first=V. F.|title=Self-Defense and Subjectivity|volume=68|issue=4|journal=The University of Chicago Law Review|year=2001|doi=10.2307/1600480|url=http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2010&context=facpub}} * Schopp, Robert F. (1998) Justification Defenses and Just Convictions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, . * {{Cite journal|author=Segev|first=Re'em|title=Fairness, Responsibility and Self-Defense|journal=Santa Clara Law Review|volume=45|issue=2|pages=383–460|year=2005}} * Semeraro, (2006) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043058/http://wwwdata.unibg.it/dati/bacheca/567/18910.pdf Osservazioni sulla riforma della legittima difesa] * Vitu, Legitime defense et infraction d'imprudence, Revue de Science Criminelle, 1987, 865. == Njikọ mpụga == * UseofForce.us, nke nweere onwe ya, nke miri emi nke iwu nchebe onwe onye nke US. *   [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3wcg7iwq64guz37zuo3dknf4ttx9730 Samuel Eto'o 0 13332 743522 723584 2026-11-05T22:40:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Samuel Eto'o|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1981|3|10|df=y}}|signature_alt=|signature=|occupation=[[Footballer]]<br>Football administrator|nationality=Cameroonian|height=1.80 m<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_08-09/plantilla/jugadors/etoo.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803104342/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_08-09/plantilla/jugadors/etoo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 August 2012|title=Samuel Eto'o Fils|work=fcbarcelona.cat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chelseafc.com/first-team/player/28608/title/samuel--eto'o |title=Home &#124; Official Site &#124; Chelsea Football Club |access-date=23 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122083838/http://www.chelseafc.com/first-team/player/28608/title/samuel--eto'o |archive-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Douala]], Cameroon<ref>{{cite web |publisher=FC Internazionale Milano |title=Samuel Eto'o Fils |access-date=12 January 2009 |url=http://www.inter.it/aas/squadra/player1?codgioc=G0854&L=en&stagione=2009/10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731150712/http://www.inter.it/aas/squadra/player1?codgioc=G0854&L=en&stagione=2009%2F10 |archive-date=31 July 2009 |accessdate=15 May 2022 |archivedate=31 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731150712/http://www.inter.it/aas/squadra/player1?codgioc=G0854&L=en&stagione=2009%2F10 }}</ref>|birth_name=Samuel Eto'o Fils<ref name="Premier League Clubs submit Squad Lists">{{Cite news |title=Premier League Clubs submit Squad Lists |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/Premier-League-Squad-Lists-September-2013.pdf |publisher=Premier League |page=8 |date=4 September 2013 |access-date=5 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008050546/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/Premier-League-Squad-Lists-September-2013.pdf |archive-date= 8 October 2013 }}</ref>|image=Samuel 2011.jpg|successor=|predecessor=Seidou Mbombo Njoya|term_end=|term_start=11 December 2021<ref name=FECAFOOT>{{Cite web|title=Former Cameroon star Eto'o elected president of national federation|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/soccer/2021-12-11-former-cameroon-star-etoo-elected-president-of-national-federation/|access-date=2021-12-11|website=SowetanLIVE|date=11 December 2021 |language=en-ZA}}</ref>|office=Cameroonian Football Federation|order=President of|caption=Eto'o in 2011|module={{Infobox football biography|embed=yes|header-color=lavender | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1992–1996 | youthclubs1 = [[Kadji Sports Academy]] | youthyears2 = 1996–1997 | youthclubs2 = [[La Fábrica (Real Madrid)|Real Madrid]] | years1 = 1997–2000 | clubs1 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps1 = 3 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1997–1998 | clubs2 = → [[CD Leganés|Leganés]] (loan) | caps2 = 28 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1999 | clubs3 = → [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]] (loan) | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2000 | clubs4 = → [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] (loan) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 6 | years5 = 2000–2004 | clubs5 = [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] | caps5 = 120 | goals5 = 48 | years6 = 2004–2009 | clubs6 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps6 = 144 | goals6 = 108 | years7 = 2009–2011 | clubs7 = [[Inter Milan]] | caps7 = 67 | goals7 = 33 | years8 = 2011–2013 | clubs8 = [[FC Anzhi Makhachkala|Anzhi Makhachkala]] | caps8 = 53 | goals8 = 25 | years9 = 2013–2014 | clubs9 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | caps9 = 21 | goals9 = 9 | years10 = 2014–2015 | clubs10 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps10 = 14 | goals10 = 3 | years11 = 2015 | clubs11 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] | caps11 = 18 | goals11 = 2 | years12 = 2015–2018 | clubs12 = [[Antalyaspor]] | caps12 = 76 | goals12 = 44 | years13 = 2018 | clubs13 = [[Konyaspor]] | caps13 = 13 | goals13 = 6 | years14 = 2018–2019 | clubs14 = [[Qatar SC]] | caps14 = 17 | goals14 = 6 | totalcaps = 587 | totalgoals = 293 | nationalyears1 = 2000 | nationalteam1 = [[Cameroon national under-23 football team|Cameroon U23]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 1997–2014 | nationalteam2 = [[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] | nationalcaps2 = 118 | nationalgoals2 = [[List of international goals scored by Samuel Eto'o|56]] | manageryears1 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs1 = [[Antalyaspor]] (interim player-manager) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association Football|Football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|CMR}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney]] | [[Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Africa Cup of Nations]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2000 African Cup of Nations|2000 Ghana–Nigeria]]|}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2002 African Cup of Nations|2002 Mali]]|}} {{Medal|Runnerup|[[2008 African Cup of Nations|2008 Ghana]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|2003 France]]|}} }}}} '''Samuel Eto'o Fils''' (Etu ndi France si akpọ ya: <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sam·ɛl eto fis]</span>; amụrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke iri (10) n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 1981) bụ onye nchịkwa [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Cameroon na onye bụbu onye egwuregwu bụ onye isi oche nke Cameroon Football Federation site na abalị iri na otu na onwa Disemba, na afọ 2021.<ref name="FECAFOOT" /> N'oge ọ na-eto eto, ndị ọkachamara na-ele Eto'o anya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eti egwu kachasị mma n'ụwa, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Afrịka kachasị ukwuu n'oge niile, na-emeri African Player of the Year ugboro anọ: na 2003, 2004, 2005, na 2010.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="britannica.com" /> Eto'o bụ onye nwere nkà na-eto eto, ọ kwagara Real Madrid mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii. Eto'o kwupụtara ezumike nká ya na bọọlụ mba ụwa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014. ==Profaịlụ onye ọkpụkpọ== [[File:Samuel Eto'o (Inter).jpg|thumb|upright|N'oge ọ bụ nwata Eto'o, ọ dị oke ọsọ ma nwee ikike [[ịdọba bọọlụ]] dị mma nke ukwuu yana njikwa bọọlụ dị nso]] Eto'o bụ onye na-agba ọsọ, siri ike, ma nwee ume [[Onye Na-aga n'ihu (bọọlụ mmekọ)|n'ihu]], onye a maara maka ike ya, ọsọ ọrụ ya, ikike ya n'ikuku, na ikike imecha ya nke ọma ma n'isi na ụkwụ ya.<ref name="Chelsea's Mr Right: Why Samuel Eto’o is set to succeed in England">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4375/editorials/2013/08/30/4224320/chelseas-mr-right-why-samuel-etoo-is-set-to-succeed-in|title=Chelsea's Mr Right: Why Samuel Eto'o is set to succeed in England|publisher=Goal.com|date=30 August 2013|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228210827/http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4375/editorials/2013/08/30/4224320/chelseas-mr-right-why-samuel-etoo-is-set-to-succeed-in|archive-date=28 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ma Eto'o è più forte di Ibra?">{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Inter/22-07-2009/ma-eto-o-piu-forte-ibra-50831763820.shtml|title=Ma Eto'o è più forte di Ibra?|publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport|language=it|author1=Alessandro De Calò|date=22 July 2009|access-date=27 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231242/http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Inter/22-07-2009/ma-eto-o-piu-forte-ibra-50831763820.shtml|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chelseafc.com/news/blogs/boilerplate-allincfc/allincfc/a-look-at-samuel-etoo.html|title=A look at Samuel Eto'o|publisher=Chelsea F.C.com|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215005318/http://www.chelseafc.com/news/blogs/boilerplate-allincfc/allincfc/a-look-at-samuel-etoo.html|archive-date=15 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/11189192/Evertons-Samuel-Etoo-has-found-his-spark-again-and-could-repay-Roberto-Martinezs-faith-in-him.html|title=Everton's Samuel Eto'o has found his spark again and could repay Roberto Martinez's faith in him|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223082027/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/11189192/Evertons-Samuel-Etoo-has-found-his-spark-again-and-could-repay-Roberto-Martinezs-faith-in-him.html|archive-date=23 December 2014|date=26 October 2014|last1=Smith|first1=Alan}}</ref> Onye na-agba bọọlụ nke ọma ma na-eme nke ọma, nwere usoro dị mma, nwee obi iru ala n'ihu goolu, na ikike ịgba bọọlụ site n'aka ndị ọzọ na-agba bọọlụ,<ref name="Ma Eto'o è più forte di Ibra?"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2009/12/21/inter-saluta-con-eto-ma-calcio.html|title=L' Inter saluta con Eto' o ma è calcio su ghiaccio|publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|date=21 December 2009|access-date=14 December 2014}}</ref> Eto'o was primarily deployed as a central [[Forward (association football)#Striker|striker]], ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu; n'ezie, n'oge ọ nọ na Inter, n'okpuru José Mourinho, o gosipụtara ọgụgụ isi dị ịrịba ama na ikike dị iche iche site n'ịkpọ egwu n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ n'ọgbọ egwuregwu.<ref name="Chelsea's Mr Right: Why Samuel Eto’o is set to succeed in England"/><ref name="deserved">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49752840 |title=Mourinho: 'Eto'o deserved to win a Ballon d'Or' |work=BBC Sport |last1=Enow |first1=Njie |date=19 September 2019 |access-date=29 July 2021 }}</ref> N'oge oge Inter meriri atọ n'afọ 2009–10, Eto'o rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'òtù ahụ, e jikwa ya mee ihe dị ka Onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ mana ọ na-agba mbọ inyere ndị otu ya aka n'ụzọ dị iche iche na n'ụzọ dị iche iche, nke mere ka ọ na-agba bọọlụ n'ụzọ dị iche. <ref name="Ma Eto'o è più forte di Ibra?"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e5-0e74a1fa2751-0b31ec2bbe78-1000--eto-o-e-la-regola-del-tre/|title=Eto'o e la regola del tre|date=25 May 2010|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215005814/http://it.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1492408.html|archive-date=15 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/african-legends-cup-of-nations-etoo-vs-okocha/1elem2ludicww16r63f4xy5sjt |title=African Legends Cup of Nations: Eto'o vs Okocha |publisher=www.goal.com |last1=Dove |first1=Ed |date=15 May 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="world's best striker">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/piersedwards/2010/11/six_months_ago_the_question.html |title=Is Samuel Eto'o the world's best striker? |work=www.bbc.co.uk |last1=Edwards |first1=Piers |date=5 November 2010 |access-date=29 July 2021 }}</ref><ref name="tears">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/20/mourinho-tears-and-defiance-the-story-of-inters-2009-10-season |title=Mourinho, tears and defiance: the story of Inter's 2009-10 season |work=The Guardian |last=Bandini |first=Nicky |date=20 April 2020 |access-date=29 July 2021 }}</ref> N'oge egwuregwu ọkara ikpeazụ nke Champions League megide otu ya mbụ bụ Barcelona, ​​Eto'o gosikwara ọrụ ya na ikike ya site n'ịgba bọọlụ dịka onye na-awakpo aka nri Onye na-agbachitere (bọọlụ nkwado) onye na-azụ azụ zuru oke ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ mgbe a chụpụrụ Thiago Motta n'ọgba aghara.<ref name="deserved"/><ref name="world's best striker"/><ref name="tears"/><ref name="Un promemoria su Samuel Eto'o per Raiola">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcinternews.it/visti-da-voi/un-promemoria-su-samuel-eto-o-per-raiola-20382|title=Un promemoria su Samuel Eto'o per Raiola|publisher=F.C. Inter News.it|language=it|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219111619/http://www.fcinternews.it/visti-da-voi/un-promemoria-su-samuel-eto-o-per-raiola-20382|archive-date=19 December 2014}}</ref> A makwaara Eto'o maka nduzi ya, ohere na echiche ya n'oge ọrụ ya niile.<ref name="Un promemoria su Samuel Eto'o per Raiola"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/30/samuel-eto-o-everton-roberto-martinez|title='Gift from footballing gods' Samuel Eto'o on course for new Everton deal|work=The Guardian|date=30 October 2014|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213054529/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/30/samuel-eto-o-everton-roberto-martinez|archive-date=13 December 2014}}</ref> N'oge ọ bụ nwata, ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ Eto'o dịka otu n'ime ndị na-agba bọọlụ kachasị mma n'ụwa;<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/36530|title=Leonardo: "Eto'o, one of the world's best"|publisher=Inter.it|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215002842/http://www.inter.it/en/news/36530|archive-date=15 December 2014|accessdate=30 May 2026|archivedate=15 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215002842/http://www.inter.it/en/news/36530}}</ref><ref name="world's best striker"/><ref name="deserved"/> a na-ahụta ya ugbu a dịka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Afrịka kachasị mma n'oge niile.<ref name=britannica.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/760468/Samuel-Etoo|title=Samuel Eto'o|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|website=britannica.com|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010011103/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/760468/Samuel-Etoo|archive-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> He is often ranked among the three greatest African strikers, alongside [[George Weah]] and [[Didier Drogba]].<ref name="Greatest">{{cite news |title=Top 10 Greatest African Strikers |url=http://www.joburgpost.co.za/2017/06/06/top-10-greatest-african-strikers/ |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=Johannesburg Post |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220025546/http://www.joburgpost.co.za/2017/06/06/top-10-greatest-african-strikers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="African strikers">{{cite news |title=Where Didier Drogba Ranks Alongside Africa's 20 Best Strikers |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1973969-where-didier-drogba-ranks-alongside-africas-20-best-strikers#slide16 |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=Bleacher Report}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-efunahụ ụfọdụ ọsọ ya ka ọ na-eto, ọ nọgidere na-enwe ike ịgba goolu mgbe niile dịka onye na-agba bọọlụ, n'ihi ikike ya ịbanye n'ọnọdụ dị mma na oge ịgba ọsọ mwakpo ya, dịka egosiri site na goolu o nyere na mmeri 6-3 megide Chelsea na 30 Ọgọst 2014, n'oge ọ nọ na Everton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28906778|title=Everton 3 Chelsea 6|publisher=BBC Sport.com|first1=Chris|last1=Bevan|date=30 August 2014|access-date=7 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105140152/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28906778|archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> E wezụga ọsọ ya na ịgba goolu ya, a makwaara Eto'o maka mmetụ aka mbụ ya, njikwa ya nke ọma, na ikike ịgbafe bọọlụ n'oge ọ ka dị obere; ọbụnadị n'oge agadi ya, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị n'ihe ndị dị mkpa.nkà ịkụ ọkpọ n'ọrụ ya mgbe o mechara, nke o ji mee ihe bara uru iji merie ndị na-agbachitere ma nyere aka ma ọ bụ mepụta ohere maka ndị otu ya.<ref name="world's best striker"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whoscored.com/Players/159|title=Eto'o style of play and statistics.|website=whoscored.com|access-date=25 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115146/http://www.whoscored.com/Players/159|archive-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ, Eto'o tinyere usoro 'agadi nwoke' n'ememe goolu ya - nzaghachi nye okwu José Mourinho gbasara ịka nká - ebe ọ gbagọrọ agbagọ wee malite ije ije nwayọ nwayọ na mkpara echepụtara echepụta, emume ahụ na-apụta na EA Sports ''[[FIFA (usoro egwuregwu vidiyo)|FIFA]]'' egwuregwu vidiyo ''[[FIFA 18]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=How to do the 12 new FIFA 18 celebrations – plus more of our favourites |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/how-do-12-new-fifa-18-celebrations-plus-more-our-favourites?page=0%2C2 |access-date=11 October 2018 |work=FourFourTwo |archive-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127144855/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/how-do-12-new-fifa-18-celebrations-plus-more-our-favourites |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Edensibịa== {{reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{Commons category}} *{{Official website|https://samuel-etoo.com/}} *{{FIFA player|170667|Samuel Eto'o}} *{{UEFA player|45996}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100130142048/http://www.fondationsamueletoo.org/en/ Samuel Eto'o Private Foundation] {{Navboxes |bg = gold |fg = navy |title= Awards |list1= {{2000 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament}} {{2006 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament}} {{Africa Cup of Nations top scorers}} {{2005 CAF Team of the Year}} {{2006 CAF Team of the Year}} {{2008 CAF Team of the Year}} {{2009 CAF Team of the Year}} {{2010 CAF Team of the Year}} {{2011 CAF Team of the Year}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Coppa Italia top scorers}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{UEFA Club Football Awards}} {{Golden Foot winners}} {{African Footballer of the Year}} {{2005 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{2006 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{Inter Milan Hall of Fame}} }} {{Navboxes |bg = #006332 |fg = yellow |bordercolor= #D01124 |title = Cameroon squads |list1 = {{Cameroon squad 1998 FIFA World Cup}} {{Cameroon squad 2000 African Cup of Nations}} {{Cameroon men's football squad 2000 Summer 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sportspeople in Turkey]] [[Category:Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Spain]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Italy]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Russia]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in England]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar]] [[Category:Men's association football player-managers]] [[Category:Cameroonian football managers]] [[Category:Antalyaspor managers]] [[Category:Süper Lig managers]] [[Category:Cameroonian expatriate football managers]] [[Category:Expatriate football managers in Cameroon]] rfoue8how62591ggujhi75hmt7gw1ux Susanne Wenger 0 13920 743555 735085 2026-11-06T03:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Susanne Wenger.tif|thumb|Susanne Wenger]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Chief '''Susanne Wenger''' MFR, nke a makwaara dị ka '''Adunni Olorisha''' (ihe dị ka 1915 - 12 Jenụwarị 2009), bụ onye Austria-Nigerian na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe nkiri, [[Tribal chief|onye]] bi na Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/w/wenger_susanne.htm|title=Susanne Wenger}}</ref> Isi ihe ọ lekwasịrị anya bụ omenala ndị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịrụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe na [[Osogbo]].<ref name="guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/mar/26/obituary-suzanne-wenger Obituary], theguardian.com, 26 March 2009; accessed 2 April 2017.</ref> Ya na ndị na-ese ihe n'obodo Osogbo jikọrọ aka iji rụgharịa ma mezie [[Osun-Osogbo|Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove]] na ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe osise na-egosi ọrụ dị iche iche nke ndị Orishas. Wenger bụ onye isi na-akwado maka ichekwa Osun Grove. N'ihi mbọ ya, e mere osisi ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe ncheta mba na 1965, ma mesịa mara ya dị ka ebe nketa ụwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ogundiran|first=Akinwumi|date=2014|title=The Osun-Osogbo Grove as a Social Common and an Uncommon Ground: An Analysis of Patrimonial Patronage in Postcolonial Nigeria|journal=International Journal of Cultural Property|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=173–198|doi=10.1017/S0940739114000058|issn=0940-7391}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Susanne Wenger na Graz, Austria. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Bekee na French na nne amụrụ onye isi ndị agha Austro-Hungarian.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/> Wenger gara School of Applied Arts na Graz na 1930, ọkachamara na ite. O mechara gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya, nke mbụ na Higher Graphical Federal Education and Research Institute wee gaa na Academy of Fine Arts Vienna n'akụkụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Herbert Boeckl .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel-arts-culture/susanne-wenger-a-brief-walk-in-to-the-life-of-adunni-olorisa-id8175055.html|title=Susanne Wenger: A brief walk in to the life of Adunni Olorisa|author=Oreva|first=Duke|accessdate=2018-08-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ mụtara usoro fresco ma meziwanye nkà eserese ya.<ref name=":3"/> Mgbe agha ahụ biri, Wenger bụ onye ọrụ nke magazin ụmụaka ndị Kọmunist ''Unsere Zeitung'' ("Akwụkwọ akụkọ anyị"), nke bụ mkpuchi nke mbipụta mbụ ọ haziri. N'afọ 1947, ndị enyi ya kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Vienna Art Club.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|author=Probst|first=Peter|date=2008|title=M odernism against M odernity: A Tribute to Susanne Wenger|journal=Critical Interventions|language=en|volume=2|issue=3–4|pages=245–255|doi=10.1080/19301944.2008.10781356|issn=1930-1944}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFProbst2008">Probst, Peter (2008). "M odernism against M odernity: A Tribute to Susanne Wenger". ''Critical Interventions''. '''2''' (3–4): 245–255. [[Doi (njirimara)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/19301944.2008.10781356|10.1080/19301944.2008.10781356]]. [[ISSN (njirimara)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/1930-1944 1930-1944]. [[S2CID (njirimara)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170247850 170247850].</cite></ref> Na Vienna, n'oge na mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ nnwale na-esite n'ike mmụọ; ọrụ ndị a gụnyere eserese pensụl na-acha uhie uhie na ihe oyiyi na-enweghị atụ siri ike ịkọwapụta.<ref name=":4" /> N'afọ 1947, Wenger gara Ịtali, e nyere ya njem ahụ dị ka ihe nrite maka mmeri asọmpi mpempe akwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ lọtara, ọ chọtara ihe ịga nke ọma na-ere ọrụ ya n'aka onye na-ere ihe osise, Johann Egger, onye nwekwara ọrụ Hans Arp, Paul Klee na Piet Mondrian.<ref name=":4"/> Mgbe ọ biri na Italy na Switzerland na aro nke Egger, na 1949 Wenger gara Paris, ebe ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu, ọkà mmụta asụsụ Ulli Beier .<ref name=":4"/> N'otu afọ ahụ, e nyere Beier ọkwa dị ka onye na-akpọ fonetik na Ibadan, Nigeria. Ọ bụ naanị onye nkuzi lụrụ di na nwunye nyere ọkwa ahụ, di na nwunye ahụ na-echeghị echiche banyere alụmdi na nwunye tupu onyinye ahụ kpebiri ịlụ di na nwunye na London wee kwaga Nigeria.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://susannewengerfoundation.at/en/susanne-wenger-art-ritual|title=Susanne Wenger - "Art is Ritual"|date=2014-02-27|work=Susanne Wenger Foundation|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815235331/https://susannewengerfoundation.at/en/susanne-wenger-art-ritual|archive-date=2019-08-15|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://susannewengerfoundation.at/en/susanne-wenger-art-ritual "Susanne Wenger - "Art is Ritual""]. ''Susanne Wenger Foundation''. 2014-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> Na Ibadan, kọleji ọhụrụ ahụ dị n'èzí obodo ahụ na ngalaba ndị Britain na-esikarị ụmụ akwụkwọ Afrịka ha na-akpakọrịta.<ref name=":4" /> Mmeghachi omume di na nwunye ahụ na ọnọdụ ọchịchị bụ isi Ibadan kwaga n'obodo Ede n'afọ sochirinụ. Na Naịjirịa, Wenger nabatara akụkụ nke nka na ọrụ aka nke Afrịka ma tinye aka na atụmatụ batik. N'ime otu afọ ọ bịarutere, ọ rịara ọrịa ụkwara nta kpatara, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ bịara bụrụ onye mmụọ ma tụgharịa gaa n'okpukpe Yoruba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7595841.stm|title=The white priestess of 'black magic'|date=2008-09-10|accessdate=2018-08-18|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ dọtara mmasị n'okpukpe ahụ mgbe ọ zutere Ajagemo, onye ụkọchukwu nke Obatala na Ede.<ref name=":1"/> Ajagemo webatara Wenger na echiche ụwa Yoruba, asụsụ na okpukpe, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ha abụọ ahụ mepụtara njikọ pụrụ iche.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Laduke|first=Betty|date=1989|title=Susanne Wenger and Nigeria's Sacred Osun Grove|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_womans-art-journal_spring-summer-1989_10_1/page/17|journal=Woman's Art Journal|volume=10|issue=1|pages=17–21|doi=10.2307/1358125|issn=0270-7993}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLaduke1989">Laduke, Betty (1989). "Susanne Wenger and Nigeria's Sacred Osun Grove". ''Woman's Art Journal''. '''10''' (1): 17–21. [[Doi (njirimara)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1358125|10.2307/1358125]]. [[ISSN (njirimara)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0270-7993 0270-7993]. [[JSTOR (njirimara)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/1358125 1358125].</cite></ref> N'oge a, Wenger nwalere atụmatụ mara mma nke usoro Adire na-emetụta. Wenger na Beier mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm, Wenger mechara lụọ onye na-agba egwu Lasisi Ayansola Onilu, n'oge ahụ ọ na-eme onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị nke okpukpe Orisha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pierre-guicheney.eklablog.com/susanne-wenger-un-portrait-p417306|title=Susanne Wenger, un portrait|work=pierre-guicheney.com|accessdate=2018-08-18}}</ref> Wenger hapụrụ Ede wee kwaga Ilobu, tupu o mechaa biri na Osogbo na 1961. Mgbe ọ na-ebi n'obodo ahụ, ọ malitere inwe mmasị n'ụlọ arụsị ndị a raara nye Orishas; o mechara wughachi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise okpukpe n'ime ebe nsọ ma nyekwa ya ọrụ site na Osogbo District Council iji rụzigharị ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ arụsị obodo, ọkachasị ụlọ nsọ a raara nye chi nwanyị osimiri, Oshun.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Omoruyi|first=David|date=September 1965|title=How I Fell in Love and Married Ace Drummer, Lasisi|journal=Spear : Nigeria's National Magazine.|language=en|issn=0038-6634}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOmoruyi1965">Omoruyi, David (September 1965). "How I Fell in Love and Married Ace Drummer, Lasisi". ''Spear : Nigeria's National Magazine''. [[ISSN (njirimara)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0038-6634 0038-6634]. [[OCLC (njirimara)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1645029 1645029].</cite></ref> A malitekwara Wenger n'okpukpe Obatala, Soponna, na Ogboni, ma mesịa nye ya aha Adunni Olorisha. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke oge ochie "New Sacred Art", alaka nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Oshogbo sara mbara, wee bụrụ onye nlekọta nke Sacred Grove nke chi nwanyị Osun n'akụkụ Osimiri Osun na [[Osogbo|Oshogbo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/DC/asapr60.18/asapr60.18.pdf|title=The art of Suzanne Wenger|author=Aragbabalu|first=Omidiji|date=18 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Unknown|first=Unknown|date=13 June 2018|title=THE MEGA CITY / LIFESuzanne wenger's groove|url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/06/suzanne-wengers-groove/|journal=New Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818123812/https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/06/suzanne-wengers-groove/|archive-date=18 August 2018|access-date=4 June 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Osun_Groove_6.jpg|thumb|Osun grove]] === Osun grove === Enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ ọkpụkpụ Wenger na Osun Grove, mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Osun. Ntinye aka ya na osisi ahụ malitere na 1960s.<ref name=":3"/> N'elu òkù nke nnukwu onye nchụàjà nwanyị Osun nke nwere nsogbu site na ọdịmma azụmahịa na termites na-ebibi ụlọ nsọ, ihe ọkpụkpụ dị nsọ na ihe osise, Wenger jikọtara ya na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ọha na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ iji kpochapụ termites ma mezie ihe osise na ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ nsọ ahụ site na iji osisi na simenti.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Ikegwu|first=Jacinta|date=2010|title=THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUSANA WENGER TO THE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF OSUN-OSHOGBO SACRED GROVE/SHRINE IN NIGERIA.|journal=Nsukka Journal of the Humanities|volume=18|pages=1–12}}</ref> Ndụ na ọrụ Wenger na Osun Grove bụ isiokwu nke ''The Oshun Diaries'', ihe ncheta nke Diane Esguerra (Eye Books, 2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eye-books.com/books/the-high-priestess-of-oshun|title=The Oshun Diaries by Diane Esguerra &#124; Eye Books}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Chief Wenger bi n'ụlọ obibi dị okpukpu atọ na Osgobo nke di mbụ ya bụ Chief Ulli Beier gbazitere na mbụ mgbe ọ nọ na Institute of Mural Studies. N'afọ 1965, ya na di ya nke abụọ, onye na-agba egwu bụ Lasisi, nwere ụlọ ahụ: ha abụọ bi n'okpukpu mbụ ebe di ya gara aga bụ Beier bi n'okpukpu nke abụọ. Ọ gara n'ihu na mgbazinye mgbe Beier hapụrụ na 1970, ma nọrọ n'ụlọ ahụ mgbe ya na Lasisi gbara alụkwaghịm. Ebe obibi ya na-egosi nka ya, ebe ọtụtụ arịa ụlọ ahụ na-egosi akụkụ nke ụdị nka Yoruba nke Chief Wenger hụrụ n'anya nke ukwuu. == Ọnwụ == Na abalị iri na abụọ na ọnwa Jenụwarị, na afọ 2009, Wenger nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 93 na Oshogbo.<ref name="guardian"/> == Ihe nketa na nsọpụrụ == Ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị e debere na Oshun's grove site na ngwụsị afọ 1950 gaa n'ihu, ihe ọkpụkpụ nke ndị na-eso ụzọ ya na ndị na-ese ihe n'obodo ya mepụtara, bụ nke UNESCO World Heritage Site kemgbe 2005.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1118/|title=Forêt sacrée d'Osun-Oshogbo|author=mondial|first=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine|work=whc.unesco.org|language=fr|accessdate=2018-08-18}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFmondial">mondial, UNESCO Centre du patrimoine. [https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1118/ "Forêt sacrée d'Osun-Oshogbo"]. ''whc.unesco.org'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-18</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africaresource.com/lifestyle/memorials/848-susan-wenger-the-white-priestess-of-an-african-goddess-passes-on|title=Susan Wenger, The White Priestess Of An African Goddess, Passes On!|author=Africa|work=www.africaresource.com|language=en-gb|accessdate=2018-08-18}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, gọọmentị Naịjirịa nabatara ya dị ka onye otu Order of the Federal Republic . Maka mbọ ya n'aha ndị Yoruba, eze, ma ọ bụ Ataoja, nke Oshogbo nyere ya aha onye isi nke obodo Osogbo. == Ihe ngosi == * 1995: Retrospective of the 80th Birthday, Minoritenkirche Stein an der Donau (n'èzí Old Town of Krems) * 2004: On a holy river in Africa, Kunsthalle Krems * 2006: Susanne Wenger - ndụ ya na chi nke Africa, Graz City Museum * 2016: Between the Sweet Water and the Swarm of Bees: A Collection of Works by Susanne Wenger, The Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University, Atlanta, GA == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist}}{{authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hswv8ope41dh9em42rnkkidldirjyy6 Wangechi Mutu 0 13934 743590 719152 2026-11-06T10:28:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Wangechi Mutu''' (a mụrụ n'afọ 1972) bụ onye amụrụ na Kenya na-ese ihe n'Amerịka, nke a maara maka eserese ya, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ihe nkiri, na ọrụ arụmọrụ ya.<ref name="Gladstone">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210313163548/https://www.gladstonegallery.com/artist/wangechi-mutu/biography “Wangechi Mutu Biography”], Gladstone Gallery, Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> A mụrụ ya na Kenya, ọ biri ma guzobe ọrụ ya na [[New York City|New York]] ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ.<ref name="Gladstone" /> Ọrụ Mutu eduziela ahụ nwanyị dị ka isiokwu site na eserese collage, ntinye immersive, na ndụ na arụmọrụ vidiyo mgbe niile na-enyocha ajụjụ banyere echiche onwe onye, ihe owuwu nwoke na nwanyị, mmerụ ọdịbendị, na mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi, yana echiche nke ịma mma na ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Preziuso|first=Marika|date=2020|title=Is America Really Full? A conversation with Wangechi Mutu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/is-america-really-full-a-conversation-with-wangechi-mutu/oclc/8861592422|journal=Transition|language=English|issue=129|pages=26–45|doi=10.2979/transition.129.1.03|issn=0041-1191}}</ref> == Ndabere na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Mutu na 1972 na Nairobi, [[Kenya]].<ref name="Gladstone"/> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Loreto Convent Msongari (1978–1989), ma mesịa gụọ akwụkwọ na United World College of the Atlantic, Wales (I.B., 1991). Mutu kwagara New York n'afọ ndị 1990, na-elekwasị anya na Fine Arts na Anthropology na The New School for Social Research, na Parsons School of Art and Design. O nwetara nzere BFA na Cooper Union for the Advancement of the Arts and Science n'afọ 1996 na nzere masta na ihe ọkpụkpụ na Yale School of Art n'afọ 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Reckoning: Women Artists of the New Millennium|url=https://archive.org/details/reckoningwomenar0000hear|author=Posner|first=Helaine|publisher=Prestel|year=2013|isbn=978-3-7913-4759-2|editor=Heartney|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reckoningwomenar0000hear/page/54 54]–59|chapter=Bad Girls: Wangechi Mutu}}</ref> == Art ==   Ọrụ Mutu na-agafe usoro dị iche iche, gụnyere collage, vidiyo, arụmọrụ, na ihe ọkpụkpụ, ma na-enyocha isiokwu nke nwoke na nwanyị, agbụrụ, na colonialism.<ref name=":0"/> Ọrụ ya, n'otu akụkụ, na-elekwasị anya na ime ihe ike na nkwupụta na-ezighị ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-enwe na ọha mmadụ nke oge a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu - 48 Artworks, Bio & Shows on Artsy|url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/wangechi-mutu|accessdate=2018-10-27|work=www.artsy.net|language=en}}</ref> Otu isiokwu a na-ahụkarị n'ọrụ Mutu bụ ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche nke nwanyị. Mutu na-eji isiokwu nwanyị eme ihe na nka ya, ọbụlagodi mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ahụ enweghị ike ịmata, ma ọ bụ site n'iji ụdị ahụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ ọdịdị na ụkpụrụ e ji mee ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ. Ojiji ya nke ihe ngosi nke ụwa ọzọ maka ụmụ nwanyị, ọtụtụ oge gosipụtara n'ụdị mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ nke anụ ahụ, na-eweta mkparịta ụka banyere ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Cervenak|first=Sarah Jane|date=2016-01-01|title=Like Blood or Blossom: Wangechi Mutu's Resistant Harvests|journal=Feminist Studies|volume=42|issue=2|pages=392–425|doi=10.15767/feministstudies.42.2.0392}}</ref> Kpọmkwem, Mutu na-ekwu maka oke mmegide nke ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii ma jiri ọdịdị ụwa ọzọ kwughachi ọdịdị akụkọ ifo nke ngosipụta ọha mmadụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Papenburg|first=Bettina|date=2013|title=Grotesque Sensations: Carnivalising the Sensorium in the Art of Wangechi Mutu|url=https://www.academia.edu/6561378|journal=Carnal Aesthetics: Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics, Edited by Bettina Papenburg and Marta Zarzycka, IB Tauris, London|language=en|doi=10.5040/9780755603374.ch-009}}</ref> Ma ọ bụ site na usoro dị nro ma ọ bụ ụlọ nwanyị maara nke ọma, a na-ekwu na ụzọ dị iche iche Mutu si anọchite anya àgwà nwanyị na-eme ka ike nke ihe oyiyi ahụ ma ọ bụ mkpa nke okwu ndị e gosipụtara. A maara ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise Mutu ka a na-akọwa ya n'ụzọ ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha, ma a na-ahụta ha dị ka ndị na-akwado ọha mmadụ nwere nsogbu ma nwee olileanya maka mgbanwe n'ọdịnihu na ọha mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Nicole R.|date=12 January 2009|title=Wangechi Mutu: Feminist Collage and the Cyborg|url=http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=art_design_theses|work=Georgia State University|accessdate=4 June 2022|archivedate=25 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525124723/https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=art_design_theses}}</ref> A na-ekwukwa na iji Mutu mee ihe osise dị otú ahụ na-asọ oyi ma ọ bụ nke ụwa ọzọ nwere ike inyere ụmụ nwanyị aka ịhapụ izu okè dịka a na-egosi ya na ọha mmadụ ma kama ịnabata ezughị okè nke ha ma na-anabatakwu ntụpọ nke ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Hernandez|first=Jillian|date=2016-12-05|title=The Ambivalent Grotesque: Reading Black Women's Erotic Corporeality in Wangechi Mutu's Work|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|volume=42|issue=2|pages=427–457|doi=10.1086/688290|issn=0097-9740}}</ref> Mutu nwere ike ịme mgbanwe onwe onye na ọdịbendị site n'ịgbanwe site na eserese gaa na ihe ọkpụkpụ ma laghachi ọzọ. Mutu na-ekwu "Mgbanwe a dị ike n'ihi na eji m uche m dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe - echere m na m na-ese ihe mgbe niile dị ka onye na-akpụ ihe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Preziuso|first=Marika|date=2020|title=Is America Really Full? A conversation with Wangechi Mutu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/is-america-really-full-a-conversation-with-wangechi-mutu/oclc/8861592422|journal=Transition|language=English|issue=129|pages=26–45|doi=10.2979/transition.129.1.03|issn=0041-1191}}</ref> "N'ime ọrụ collage nke Mutu, ọ malitere ịzaghachi mgbasa ozi ọdịda anyanwụ na ụkpụrụ ịma mma: "Amalitere m nkatọ na-aga n'ihu na ọgụgụ isi na mmebi nke ihe oyiyi ndị ahụ, nke na-emebi m site n'ime ka m ghara ịhụ m anya. "<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8861592422|title=Is America Really Full? A conversation with Wangechi Mutu (Article, 2020) [WorldCat.org]|language=en|oclc=8861592422|accessdate=2021-04-07}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Exhuming Gluttony: A Lover's Requiem (2006) === Mutu egosipụtala ihe ọkpụkpụ.<ref name="db-artmag">{{Cite web|author=Evans|first=Matthew|title=An encounter with Wangechi Mutu|url=http://www.db-artmag.com/en/59/feature/wangechi-mutu-between-beauty-and-horror/|publisher=Deutsche Bank|accessdate=13 April 2013|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203235705/http://www.db-artmag.com/en/59/feature/wangechi-mutu-between-beauty-and-horror/}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, Mutu na onye Britain na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ David Adjaye jikọrọ aka na ọrụ. Ha gbanwere Upper East Side Salon 94 townhouse na New York ka ọ bụrụ ebe oriri na nkwari n'okpuru ala nke akpọrọ Exhuming Gluttony: A Lover's Requiem . Furs na oghere mgbọ na-achọ mgbidi ahụ mma ebe karama mmanya na-agbanye n'ụdị chandelier na-enweghị nchekasị n'elu tebụl ahụ nwere ntụpọ. Ọtụtụ ụkwụ tebụl ahụ yiri nnukwu femurs nwere tibias na-ahụ anya, ohere ahụ dum nwere ísì ụtọ. Ndị na-ese ihe gbalịsiri ike igosi oge iri nri dị ka o kwuru, "Achọrọ m ịmepụta oriri, mkparịta ụka nke uche na ndị na-ekiri ihe na-ezighị ezi, enwere ọdachi ma ọ bụ ikpughe ihe ọjọọ. "<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Wangechi Mutu, Intertwined, 2003. Collage and watercolour on paper.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9955521.cmp.4|accessdate=2020-10-15|doi=10.3998/mpub.9955521.cmp.4}}</ref> A hụrụ oké agụụ a dị ka njikọ dị n'etiti ihe oyiyi nke Nri Anyasị Ikpeazụ, ihu igwe nke ụwa na-azụ nka ugbu a, na agha na Iraq.<ref name="Arise Magazine">{{Cite journal|author=Enwezor|first=Okwui|date=February 2011|title=Cut & Paste|url=http://www.ariselive.com/articles/cut-paste/87416/|journal=Arise Magazine|accessdate=13 April 2013|archive-date=9 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209070107/http://www.ariselive.com/articles/cut-paste/87416/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === ''Oge egwuregwu a kwụsịrị'' (2008) === Ntinye ọzọ nke Mutu, Suspended Playtime (2008) bụ usoro ngwongwo akpa mkpofu, nke ejiri eriri ọla edo kechie dị ka a ga-asị na a kwụgidere ya na akwa ududo, ha niile kwụpụrụ n'uko n'elu ụlọ n'elu onye na-ekiri ya. Ntinye ahụ na-ezo aka n'iji akpa mkpofu eme ihe dị ka bọọlụ na ihe egwuregwu ndị ọzọ nke ụmụaka Afrịka. === ''Sketchbook Drawing'' (2011–12) === Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, Mutu na-enweta mkpali site na ejiji na magazin njem, ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, ethnography, na mechanics.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Malbert|first=Roger|title=Drawing People The Human Figure In Contemporary Art|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2015|isbn=9780500291634|location=London|pages=34–35}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, na Brooklyn Museum na New York, Mutu gosipụtara eserese akwụkwọ eserese ya na nke mbụ ya na ihe ngosi ngosi ya. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ nwere ihe osise ndị mara mma, mana ha dị egwu nke jikọtara ya na anụmanụ, osisi, ma ọ bụ igwe. === ''Ọgwụgwụ nke iri ihe niile'' (2013) === N'afọ 2013, Wangechi Mutu mepụtara vidiyo mbụ, The End of Eating Everything, na mmekorita ya na onye na-edekọ egwu Santigold, nke Nasher Museum of Art nyere ọrụ.<ref name="YouTube">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMZSCfqOxVs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014154117/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMZSCfqOxVs|archivedate=14 October 2013|title=Wangechi Mutu + Santigold – The End of eating Everything – Nasher Museum at Duke|publisher=YouTube|date=21 July 2013|accessdate=24 September 2013}}</ref> Vidio a bụ nke Awesome + Modest mere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awesomeandmodest.com|title=Awesome + Modest website|access-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520051341/http://awesomeandmodest.com/|archive-date=2022-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, e gosipụtara nka Mutu na ihe ngosi akpọrọ ''Nguva na Nyoka'', na Victoria Miro Gallery na London. N'abalị mmeghe nke ihe ngosi ahụ, Mutu gosipụtara ihe nkiri, ebe a gbara ndị ọbịa ume ka ha rie Wangechi Mutu chocolate mermaids. Ndị ọbịa ahụ nwere ike inweta mermaid naanị site na "ịpịpụta foto nke mbụ ha tara, na-aracha, na-atọ ụtọ", na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nkọwa banyere "mmiri ọha na eze nke ahụ nchara nchara".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mutu|first=Wangechi|title=News|url=http://wangechimutu.com/news/|work=Wangechi Mutu|accessdate=11 December 2014|archivedate=13 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213220208/http://wangechimutu.com/news/}}</ref> === The Seated series (2019) === N'afọ 2019, Mutu kere ihe oyiyi ọla nchara (nke akpọrọ The Seated I, The Seated II, The Seated IV) maka niches mpụga nke Metropolitan Museum of Art.<ref name="The New York Times" /> E gosipụtara ihe oyiyi ụmụ nwanyị nọ ọdụ site na Septemba 9, 2019 ruo Jenụwarị 12, 2020.<ref name="The New York Times">{{Cite web|author=Princenthal|first=Nancy|title=Wangechi Mutu: A New Face for the Met|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/05/arts/design/wangechi-mutu-metropolitan-museum.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=6 July 2021|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == E gosipụtala ọrụ Mutu na ụlọ ngosi nka na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'ụwa niile gụnyere San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, The Contemporary Austin (Texas), Miami Art Museum, Tate Modern na London, Centre for Fine Arts na Brussels, Studio Museum na Harlem na New York, Museum Kunstpalast na Düsseldorf, Germany, Centre Georges Pompidou na Paris, na Nasher Museum of Art na Mahadum Duke. Ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na nnukwu ụlọ ngosi ihe ochie nke North America mepere na Art Gallery of Ontario na Machị 2010. [mgbe?<ref name="ago">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120051139/http://www.ago.net/provocative-artist-wangechi-mutu-to-tear-up-gallery-walls-in-canadian-debut "Provocative Artist Wangechi Mutu to Tear Up Gallery Walls in Canadian Debut"], AGO press release, 2 February 2010.</ref><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> O meela ihe ngosi otu onye na Museum of Contemporary Art Australia; Deutsche Guggenheim, Berlin; Brooklyn Museum of Art; Montreal Museum of Contemporary Art; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Staatlichen Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, Germany; Wiels Contemporary Art Center, Brussels; Nasher Museum of Art na Duke University, North Carolina; Block Museum of Art na Northwestern University, Illinois; na Miami Art Museum. [mgbe?<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> == Mmetụta nke Afrofuturism na Africanfuturism == == Nchịkọta == Ọrụ ya gụnyere na nchịkọta nke Museum of Modern Art, New York; The Whitney Museum of American Art; The Studio Museum na Harlem; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; Nasher Museum of Art na Duke University; Brooklyn Museum; na Tate Modern na London.<ref name="MoMA">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/28097|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Whitney">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu|url=https://whitney.org/artists/10137?q%5Bs%5D=sort_date%20desc|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=Whitney Museum of American Art|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Studio Museum in Harlem">{{Cite web|date=10 December 2018|title=Chocolate Nguva|url=https://studiomuseum.org/collection-item/chocolate-nguva|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=The Studio Museum in Harlem|language=en|archivedate=9 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184825/https://studiomuseum.org/collection-item/chocolate-nguva}}</ref><ref name="MCA">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu|url=https://mcachicago.org/About/Who-We-Are/Artists/Wangechi-Mutu|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=MCA|language=en|archivedate=9 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183526/https://mcachicago.org/About/Who-We-Are/Artists/Wangechi-Mutu}}</ref><ref name="Museum of Contemporary Art">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu|url=https://www.moca.org/artist/wangechi-mutu|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=Museum of Contemporary Art}}</ref><ref name="Nasher Museum">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu|url=https://nasher.duke.edu/artists/3678/|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University}}</ref><ref name="Brooklyn Museum">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/about/feminist_art_base/wangechi-mutu|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=Brooklyn Museum}}</ref><ref name="Tate">{{Cite web|title=Wangechi Mutu born 1972|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/wangechi-mutu-7677|accessdate=6 July 2021|work=Tate}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == Na 23 Febụwarị 2010, Deutsche Bank kwanyeere Wangechi Mutu ùgwù dị ka "Onye na-ese ihe nke Afọ" mbụ ha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deutsche Bank - ArtMag - 59 - news - Wangechi Mutu named Artist of the Year 2010|url=https://db-artmag.com/en/59/news/wangechi-mutu-named-artist-of-the-year-2010/|accessdate=2019-03-22|work=db-artmag.com|archivedate=2019-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322220310/https://db-artmag.com/en/59/news/wangechi-mutu-named-artist-of-the-year-2010/}}</ref> Ihe nrite ahụ gụnyere ihe ngosi naanị ya na Deutsche Guggenheim na Berlin. Aha ya bụ ''My Dirty Little Heaven'', ihe ngosi ahụ mere njem na June 2010 na Wiels Center for Contemporary Art na Forest, Belgium. N'afọ 2013, e nyere Mutu BlackStar Film Festival Audience Award for Favorite Experimental Film na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania maka ihe nkiri ya The End of Eating Everything, yana Brooklyn Museum Artist of the Year, Brooklyn, New York.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Obenson|first=Tambay A.|title='Things Never Said,' 'Homegoings' Anchor 2013 BlackStar Film Festival Awards {{!}} IndieWire|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2013/08/things-never-said-homegoings-anchor-2013-blackstar-film-festival-awards-165994/|accessdate=2017-03-24|work=www.indiewire.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mutu|first=Wangechi|title=History|url=http://wangechimutu.com/history/|accessdate=11 December 2014|work=Wangechi Mutu|archivedate=13 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213220055/http://wangechimutu.com/history/}}</ref> == Ọrụ Ọma == N'afọ 2014, Mutu hiwere òtù ọrụ ebere Africa's Out!, iji "na-aga n'ihu na mgbanwe dị egwu site na ike nke nka na ọrụ, ọkachasị ịkwado ndị na-ese ihe, atụmatụ na ụlọ ọrụ sitere na Africa na Diaspora ya nke na-eme ememe nnwere onwe nke nkwupụta okike. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://africasout.com/aboutus|accessdate=2021-07-23|work=AFRICA'SOUT!|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist|30em}} == Ịgụgụ ọzọ == * Wangechi Mutu, dị ka a gwara Faye Hirsch. "Ụmụ nwanyị". ''Art'' in America, November 2013. New York: Brant Publications, Inc. pp. 54–55. * "Grotesque Sensations: Carnivalising the Sensorium in the Art of Wangeshi Mutu" nke Bettina Papenburg dere na: B. Papenburg na M. Zarzycka (ed.)''Carnal Aesthetics''. London: I.B.Tauris, 2013.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-013-1|978-1-78076-013-1]]. * Preziuso, Marika. “America ọ bụ n’ezie zuru ezu? Mkparịta ụka ya na Wangechi Mutu. Transition, no. 129, 2020, pp. 26–45. JSTOR 10.2979/transition.129.1.03 Enwetara 1 Apr. 2021. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110921103117/http://www.wangechimutu.com/ Official website] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9dcdxl408iai3szn6cwzlrp29rja5tq Tonye Cole 0 13971 743570 131561 2026-11-06T06:42:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Tonye Patrick Cole''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1967) bụ onye nchoputa nakwa onye bụbu onye isi otu Sahara Group otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ike nke na-arụ ọrụ na usoro ike niile na Nigeria na mba ndị agbata obi West Africa na East Africa nakwa ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahara-group.com/2018/07/22/sahara-groups-tonye-cole-appointed-to-world-bank-expert-advisory-council|title=Sahara Group’s Tonye Cole appointed to World Bank Expert Advisory Council|work=Sahara Energy News|accessdate=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828032935/http://www.sahara-group.com/2018/07/22/sahara-groups-tonye-cole-appointed-to-world-bank-expert-advisory-council/|archive-date=28 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Òtù ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na mba 38 gburugburu ụwa na ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 4,000 na ntụgharị kwa afọ nke ijeri $ 11. Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara iwulite mgbasawanye ụwa ọnụ nke otu na ịkwado ụkpụrụ ọchịchị ụlọ ọrụ ya, ịnọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ụwa dịka World Economic Forum, ebe ọ bụ onye isi otu Partnering Against Corruption Initiative (PACI), The United Nations), ebe ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ nke ndị ndụmọdụ nke Private Sector Advisory Group maka UNDP Sustainable Development Group Fund (SDG-F), The African Philanthropy Forum n'etiti ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/sahara-groups-tonye-cole-joins-wefs-trust-and-integrity-committee/|title=Sahara Group’s Tonye Cole joins WEF’s Trust and Integrity Committee|date=2017-08-27|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/12/22/wef-partnering-against-corruption-initiative/|title=WEF: Partnering against Corruption Initiative|author=admin|date=2016-12-21|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://conference.africanpf.org/speakers/tonye-cole/|title=Tonye Cole|work=2018 APF Annual Conference|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-21|archivedate=2019-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427091030/http://conference.africanpf.org/speakers/tonye-cole/}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye nke ịtọ ntọala na ịgba ọsọ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ike kachasị ukwuu n'ala Naịjirịa, Maazị Cole duziri ma mepụta ọrụ a rụrụ maka Sahara Foundation n'ụwa niile. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ iji kpalie ndị ntorobịa nke Africa site na ọrụ ebere dịka NGO ya, Nehemiah Youth Empowerment initiative, nke ebumnuche ya bụ imetụta mgbanwe na Africa site n'ịchịkọta ndị isi na ntorobịa na ndị na-eto eto iji zụlite ma mejuputa atụmatụ ndị ga-emepụta nsonaazụ dị mma maka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na nso nso a, Behavioral Health Institute (BHI) nke o hiwere maka ọmụmụ na njikwa nke nsogbu ahụike omume karịsịa n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gbfng.org/project/i-am-nehemiah-project/|title=I am Nehemiah Project|work=Growing Business Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-21|archivedate=2019-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621090836/https://gbfng.org/project/i-am-nehemiah-project/}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ya na ọtụtụ ntọala na Naịjirịa na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ọma gụnyere Down Syndrome Foundation, Slum-2-School Foundation, The Compassionate Center na ụlọ ụmụ mgbei dị iche iche. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu Atlas Mara, Bloomberg TV Africa, Enactus Nigeria, Nigerian Chamber of Shipping na Digital Jewels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerian-shipping.org/about/governing-council/|title=Nigerian Chamber of Shipping :: Governing Council|work=www.nigerian-shipping.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-06-07}}</ref><ref name="Cole2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/tonye-cole-marks-50th-birthday-style/|title=Tonye Cole marks 50th birthday in style|date=27 January 2017|work=Vanguard|accessdate=27 July 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu Private Sector Advisory Group nke United Nations Sustainable Development Fund (UN SDG-F). A họpụtara ya na World Bank Group's (WBG) Expert Advisory Council on Citizen Engagement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/207130-nigerias-sahara-group-among-global-sustainable-development-goals-advisory-body.html|title=Nigeria’s Sahara Group among global sustainable development goals advisory body - Premium Times Nigeria|author=Udo|first=Bassey|date=2016-07-18|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahara-group.com/2018/07/22/sahara-groups-tonye-cole-appointed-to-world-bank-expert-advisory-council/|title=Sahara Group's Tonye Cole appointed to World Bank Expert Advisory Council|date=July 23, 2018|accessdate=2020-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214022153/https://www.sahara-group.com/2018/07/22/sahara-groups-tonye-cole-appointed-to-world-bank-expert-advisory-council/|archive-date=2019-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Tonye Cole na Port Harcourt, nke Rivers steeti na 11 Jenụwarị 1967. Ọ gara Corona School, Victoria Island ma mesịa gaa King's college, Lagos tupu ọ gaa King's School, Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. Ọ bụkwa onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Lagos ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na Architecture na Engineering, mgbe ahụ asambodo Portuguese na Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program n'afọ 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=5913|title=Ask the Expert: Energy’s Next Era - Alumni - Harvard Business School|work=www.alumni.hbs.edu|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-21}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ na mba Brazil Grupo Quartro SA nakwa Goiania Brazil bụ ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka Architect site n'afọ1990 ruo 1992. O sonyekwara na nhazi na mmejuputa atụmatụ obodo na mmepe obodo nke Palmas, isi obodo nke steeti Tocantins na kilomita site na South America. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ewu ụlọ na-ahụ maka imepụta Ụlọ Ọrụ Ikpe Ziri Ezi, Palmas, Tocantins na ụlọ obibi dị iche iche na Goiania, Palmas na Brasilia n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Tonye laghachiri Naịjirịa n'afọ 1993 ma were ya n'ọrụ ngwa ngwa dịka onye isi ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Naịjirịa nke Empressa Sul Americana de Montagens S.A.(EMSA) ụlọ ọrụ Injinia obodo Brazil site n'afọ 1993 ruo afọ 1996, nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ injinia nke asaa kachasị ukwuu na Brazil nke e nyere ọrụ mmiri nke World Bank - ego ruru ihe dịka S5.8m maka Lagos Water Corporation. Maazị Cole bụ onye ozi a họpụtara nke Redeemed Christian Church of God na onye ndú nke Team Nehemiah. Otu n'ime ụka nke na-ahụ maka iwepụta ọhụụ nke ụka n'ịgbanwe ogige mgbapụta na Naịjirịa ka ọ bụrụ obodo ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu mkpali, onye edemede, onye nkụzi na onye ndụmọdụ. Ọ bụ onye edemede nke "Morning Reflections" a daily devotional nke e bipụtara n'afọ 2013. Ọ bụ nwa onye bụbu onye isi nchịkwa nke Daily Times Newspaper na onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya Naịjirịa na Brazil Patrick Dele Cole .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/special-edition-youth-2017/young-people-need-opportunities-display-their-talents|title=Young people need opportunities to display their talents {{!}} Africa Renewal|work=www.un.org|accessdate=2019-06-21}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Dr. Sylvia Cole ma nwee ụmụ atọ toro eto.<ref name="Cole1">{{Cite web|title=Tonye Cole|url=https://theamm.org/minister-profile/559673/tonye-cole/|accessdate=27 July 2017|publisher=American Marriage Ministries}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Onye edemede nke “Morning Reflections”. A Daily Devotional E bipụtara na 2013.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.blurb.com/b/3607892-morning-reflections|title=MORNING REFLECTIONS|language=en}}</ref> Onye edemede nke “My God Thinks” (2016) Columnist to Thisday Style “Watchers of Times”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday-style/20180527/281513636824428|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|work=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=2019-06-21}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == 2017 Oil & Gas Council Lifetime Achievement and Executive of The Year Award. 2014 Wharton Club Of Africa Award For Best Company To Work For. 2013 Forbes/Ebonylife TV Best of Africa Award 2011 African Property Awards/Bloomberg TV For Highly Commendable Office Architecture 2011 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year Finalist 2010 Thisday Award As Young Global Champions In Oil And Gas 2009 Role Model Award By We Are The Future Of Our Nation In Recognition Of Contribution In Oil And Gas Sector 2007 Merit Award By University Of Lagos Alumni Association For Outstanding Contributions And Commitment To National Development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/229929-uk-oil-gas-council-unveils-sahara-group-director-tonye-cole-winner-africa-energy-awards.html|title=UK Oil & Gas Council unveils Sahara Group director, Tonye Cole, as winner of Africa Energy Awards|work=Premium Times|accessdate=30 April 2018}}</ref> == Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'ọnwa Septemba 2018, Maazị Cole mere mkpebi ịchụso ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ niile na ndị isi na Sahara Group yana ọkwa ya niile n'ebe ndị ọzọ iji zọọ ọkwa gọvanọ na steeti Rivers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-01|title=Tonye Cole resigns from Sahara Group, moves to public service, politics|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/tonye-cole-resigns-from-sahara-group-moves-to-public-service-politics/|accessdate=2021-11-17|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Nke a bụ ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ala Naịjirịa. O nwetara mmeri na ntụliaka ime obi n'okpuru otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke, [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) ma kwupụta na ọ bụ onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ mana n'ihi esemokwu iwu na-adịte aka, ewepụrụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ na ntuli aka ma gbochie ya ịzọ ọkwa na ntuli aka site n'ụlọ ikpe. Maazị Cole ga-agbasi mbọ ike ugbu a na uru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị e nwetara iji wuo otu dị egwu tupu ntuli aka n'ọdịnihu na mba ahụ. == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=270636354 Profaịlụ Bloomberg] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] llfaw7hu3f3nk4xtz4294ikeys19j6q Wale (rapper) 0 14136 743586 728463 2026-11-06T10:10:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[ Format:Walle Georgetown (cropped).JPG | thumb [[Category:Articles with short description ]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] '''Olubowale Victor Akintimehin''' (a mụrụ na Septemba 21, 1984), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ Wale (/ˈwɔːleɪ/ WAH-lay), bụ onye na-akụ egwu na Naijiria na Amerịka. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na 2006, mgbe egwu ya "Dig Dug (Shake It)" ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'obodo ya. Wale ghọrọ onye ama ama na mpaghara ma gaa n'ihu na-edekọ egwu maka ndị na-ege ntị na mpaghara. Wale zutere onye na-emepụta DJ nke Bekee bụ Mark Ronson n'afọ 2006 wee sonye na labelụ ya, Allido Records n'afọ 2007. Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na akara ahụ, Wale wepụtara ọtụtụ mixtapes ma pụta na mgbasa ozi mba gụnyere MTV na magazin dị iche iche nke Black American. E gosipụtara egwu a na-akpọ "Ridin' in That Black Joint" na egwuregwu vidio amaara nke ''Saints Row 2'' na 2008. N'afọ 2008, agha atọ mere ka Wale bịanye aka na Interscope Records maka $ 1.3 nde, a tọhapụrụ abọm mbụ ya bụ Attention Deficit n'afọ 2009 na egwu "Chillin" (nke gosipụtara [[Lady Gaga]]), "Pretty Girls" (nke gosipụtara Gucci Mane), na "World Tour" (nke gosipụtara [[Jazmine Sullivan]]). Abọm ahụ, Na-agbanyegị na ezie na ọ dị n'okpuru ụgbọ mmiri, nwetara nnabata dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. Ná mmalite afọ 2011, Wale bịanyere aka na Florida rapper Rick Ross 'Maybach Music Group, ebe ndị otu labelụ ahụ wepụtara album nchịkọta, Self Made Vol. 1 na Mee 23, 2011. E wepụtara abọm studio ya nke abụọ, Ambition na Nọvemba 1, 2011, na nyocha dị iche iche. E wepụtara abọm studio ya nke atọ, The Gifted, na June 25 2013, na nyocha dị mma; ọ malitere otu na <nowiki><i id="mwJw">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200. E wepụtara ''abọm'' ''Billboard'' nke abụọ ya bụ The Album About Nothing na Machị 31, 2015. N'afọ 2018, Wale wepụtara EPs atọ akpọrọ It's Complicated, Self-Promotion na Free Lunch .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/09/folarin-season-are-we-entering-a-wale-renaissance|title=Folarin Season: Are We Entering A Wale Renaissance?|date=2018-09-17|work=Vibe|accessdate=2019-01-14}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Wale wepụtara abọm studio nke isii ya bụ ''Wow'' .''.. Nke ahụ bụ Crazy'', ya na egwu "On Chill" (nke gosipụtara Jeremih) wepụtara na Julaị 12, 2019. E nwetara nyocha dị mma ma nke egwu ahụ ma nọrọ izu iri abụọ na atọ na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, na-eru na nọmba iri abụọ na abụọ. N'afọ 2021, Wale sochiri mixtape Folarin ya nke afọ 2012 na abọm studio nke asaa ya bụ ''Folarin'' II .<ref name="Complex2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/wale-folarin-ii-album-stream|title=Stream Wale's New Album 'Folarin II' f/ J. Cole, Rick Ross, Jamie Foxx, and More.|first=Jordan|author=Rose|work=Complex|date=October 22, 2021|accessdate=November 8, 2021|archivedate=November 8, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108195714/https://www.complex.com/music/wale-folarin-ii-album-stream}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == === 1984–2007: Mmalite ndụ na mmalite ọrụ === A mụrụ Olubowale Victor Akintimehin na Septemba 21, 1984, na Northwest, Washington, D.C. Nne na nna ya sitere n'agbụrụ [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria, ha abụọ si [[Austria]] bịa United States na 1979.<ref name="Great Rap Hope" /> Ezinụlọ Wale bu ụzọ biri na Northwest, Washington, DC, wee kwaga Montgomery County, Maryland, mgbe Wale dị afọ iri. N'afọ 2002, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Quince Orchard High School na Gaithersburg, wee kwaga Largo<ref name="DMV">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gazette.net/stories/08122009/entenew131835_32521.shtml|title=The DMV (District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia) finds its voice|author=Everett|first=John Burgess|date=August 12, 2009|work=The Gazette|archive-date=August 21, 2009|access-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821083458/http://www.gazette.net/stories/08122009/entenew131835_32521.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Prince George's County. Wale gara Mahadum Robert Morris na Mahadum Virginia State na agụmakwụkwọ bọọlụ, wee bufee ya na Mahadum Bowie State. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwụsịrị n'ihi ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p1014023/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Wale > Biography|author=Cordor|first=Cyril|work=allmusic|accessdate=November 26, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Great Rap Hope">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/19/AR2007101900655_pf.html|title=The Great Rap Hope|author=Wiltz|first=Teresa|date=October 21, 2007|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=November 25, 2009}}</ref> Ịhụnanya Wale nwere maka egwuregwu bọọlụ na ndị otu a maara dị ka Washington Redskins emeela ka asịrị dị ogologo na Wale nwere egbugbu nke njedebe siri ike Chris Cooley.<ref name="Washington Redskins Interview">He was affiliated with the Richmond's local group Pearl University, who consisted of him Sidwonder and AK.{{Cite web|author=Terl|first=Matt|url=http://blog.redskins.com/2009/12/02/fast-facts-about-hip-hop-star-wale-and-the-redskins/|title=Fast Facts About Hip=Hop Star Wale and the Redskins|date=December 2, 2009|work=The Official Washington Redskins Blog|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa nwa nwanne nna onye na-eme ihe nkiri Gbenga Akinnagbe, onye a maara nke ọma maka igwu egwu Chris Partlow na HBO's ''The Wire'' . Egwu mbụ Wale dekọrọ, nke a na-akpọ "Rhyme of the Century", ghọrọ abụ mbụ ya a na-akpọ na redio obodo. N'afọ 2006, e gosipụtara ya na kọlụm "Unsigned Hype" nke ''magazin'' The Source, ma mesịa bịanye aka na akara obodo, Studio 43. Egwu a, nke a na-akpọ "Dig Dug (Shake It)" ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na obodo Washington, DC, Maryland na Virginia, ma bụrụ ụtụ nye Ronald "Dig Dug" Dixon, onye bụ onye na-egwu egwu maka go-go band Northeast Groovers .<ref name="allmusic" /> Abụ ya a ghọrọ abụ kachasị achọ site n'aka onye na-ese ihe n'obodo na akụkọ redio Washington DC na Wale bụ onye mbụ na-ese ihe n'obodo ahụ iji nweta ụfọdụ BDS spins kemgbe DJ Kool na mmalite afọ 1990. E tinyere egwu a na mixtape mbụ nke Wale, Paint a Picture . N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2006, Wale chọtara onye nnọchi anya na Daniel Weisman, onye bụbu DJ klọb na onye nkwado nke na-enweghị ahụmịhe na njikwa.<ref name="hitquarters. com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_DWeisman1.html|title=Interview With Daniel Weisman (part 1)|publisher=[[HitQuarters]]|date=November 21, 2011|accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref> Otu enyi ya na Washington, D.C. gwara Weisman banyere onye na-eti egwu ahụ ma soro ya jikọọ site na Myspace.<ref name="hitquarters. com" /> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị egwu ọzọ na-emetụta go-go, nke a na-akpọ "Breakdown" (nke sitere na Huck-A-Bucks "Sexy Girl") ka a kpọtụrụ aha na ''The Washington Post'', Wale wepụtara egwu mbụ ya na-abụghị go-go-go, nke a na-akpọ "Uptown Roamers".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hahn|first=Fritz|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/30/AR2006083002583.html#Friday|title=Nightlife Agenda|work=The Washington Post|date=August 31, 2006|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> Na Septemba 14, 2006, "Uptown Roamers" malitere na XM Radio Channel 66, ebe a na-akpọ ya ugboro abụọ n'otu ụbọchị. Ma "Breakdown" na "Uptown Roamers" nọ na mixtape nke abụọ nke Wale, Hate Is the New Love . E gosipụtara egwu ahụ, "Breakdown" na ihe ngosi Madden NFL 2009. Wale nwetara ihe nrite maka "DC Metro Breakthrough Artist of the Year" na WKYS's Go-Go Awards na Nọvemba 2006.<ref name="Go-Go Shines">{{Cite news|author=Smith-Barrow|first=Delece|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112900993.html|title=Go-Go Shines for a Night as District Luminaries Honor Its Stars|work=The Washington Post|date=November 30, 2006|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Disemba, onye nchịkọta akụkọ magazin Fader bụ Nick "Catchdubs" Barat gara Wale maka ajụjụ ọnụ na foto, nke pụtara na mbipụta March 2007 nke ''The Fader'' .<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6718/is_2007_March/ai_n28424667/|title=New slang: raised on Reaganomics, go-go, and the neverending pursuit of freshness, Wale and Tabi Bonney rap for the capitol|date=March 2007|work=The Fader|accessdate=December 19, 2009}}</ref> Onye njikwa Weisman gwara HitQuarters na atụmatụ Fader, nyere egwu / ọdịbendị / ejiji nke magazin ahụ, tọrọ ntọala dị mkpa maka Wale iji tinye onwe ya dịka "onye dị mma, onye maara ihe, onye na-abịa hip-abịa n'ihu na hip-hop nke nwere ike ịbụ Drake n'ezie".<ref name="hitquarters. com" /> == Ụdị egwu == N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Flavorwire'', Wale kwuru na ọ na-etinye ihe ndị dị na go-go na egwu ya.<ref name="flavorwire">{{Cite web|url=http://flavorwire.com/8938/exclusive-wale-on-the-virtues-of-dc-and-tv|title=Exclusive: Wale on the Real DC, TVOTR, and Balancing Content and Flow|author=Dvorkin|first=Eli|date=January 26, 2009|work=Flavorwire|accessdate=December 23, 2009}}</ref> Cyril Cordor nke AllMusic kọwara go-go dịka "ihe na-adịghị mma, nke na-akpali akpali nke disco" nke sitere na mpaghara Washington, DC. Egwu mbụ nke Wale bụ ndị a na-egwuri egwu na mpaghara obodo ya gosipụtara ihe ndekọ go-go nke afọ 1990.<ref name="allmusic"/> N'ịtụle Attention Deficit, David Jeffries nke allmusic kwuru na Wale nwere "post-Kanye, post-Lil Wayne, alternative-meets-hardcore style" ma kwuo na otu egwu Wale bụ "Chillin", nke gosipụtara Lady Gaga, "na-emepụta ihe na-ejupụta n'ala ozugbo site na ihe ngosi sitere na egwu 1969 'Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye'.<ref name="Attention Deficit review">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1663759/review|title=Attention Deficit: Review|date=November 10, 2009|work=allmusic|accessdate=December 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803160646/http://www.allmusic.com/album/r1663759/review|archive-date=August 3, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-agba mgba, Wale ekwuola ọtụtụ mgba na abụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rathod|first=Nikita|title=25 Professional Wrestling References in Hip Hop|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/25-professional-wrestling-references-in-hip-hop-news.9958.html|publisher=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402011112/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/25-professional-wrestling-references-in-hip-hop-news.9958.html|archive-date=2 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wale na-akwado WaleMania kwa afọ n'oge ngwụsị izu WrestleMania. Ọ pụtakwara ọtụtụ ugboro na telivishọn WWE, ebe ọ kwadoro agha rap n'etiti The New Day na The Usos na 4 July nke <nowiki><i id="mwAio">Smackdown Live</i></nowiki> na 2017, ọ bụkwa onye na-akọwa ndị ọbịa n'oge Noam Dar na TJP na <nowiki><i id="mwAi4">205 Live</i></nowiki> na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pappolla|first=Ryan|title=The New Day def. The Usos in the Rap Battle, hosted by Wale|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2017-07-04/article/rap-battle-hosted-by-wale|publisher=[[WWE|WWE.com]]|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Noam Dar def. TJP|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-205-live/2018-08-21/article/noam-dar-def-tjp|publisher=[[WWE|WWE.com]]|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref> Na Ọktọba 2, 2019, Wale duuru ndị bụbu ndị mmeri NXT Tag Team The Street Profits gaa mgbaaka maka aha ha megide ndị mmeri Bobby Fish na Kyle O'Reilly. Na WrestleMania 37, Wale duuru onye bụbu Intercontinental Champion Big E gaa mgbaaka megide onye mmeri Apollo Crews. Wale na-arụkwa egwu ọhụrụ nke Big E dị ka onye asọmpi otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big E Brings Back Chalk Gimmick, Big E And Wale On His New Theme, Pat Patterson Honored On SmackDown|url=https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2020/12/big-e-brings-back-chalk-gimmick-677655/|publisher=Wrestling Inc.|accessdate=8 January 2021}}</ref> == Discography == * ''Enweghị nlebara anya'' (2009) * Ambition (2011) * The Gifted (2013) * The Album About Nothing (2015) * Shine (2017) * ''Wow... Nke ahụ bụ Crazy'' (2019) * ''Folarin'' II (2021) == Ọrụ ndị ọzọ == Wale jikọtara ya na onye na-ere ahịa Philadelphia Ruvilla, na ASICS maka ngwaahịa a na-akpọ "Bottle Rocket" Asics Gel Lyte III na 2015.<ref name="Wale Collaboration">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/wale-previews-his-next-villa-x-asics-sneaker-collab-news.21871.html?|title=Wale collaborates Asiscs|author=Rooney|first=Kyle|date=May 26, 2016|work=Hotnewhiphop|accessdate=May 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528144702/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/wale-previews-his-next-villa-x-asics-sneaker-collab-news.21871.html|archive-date=May 28, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, ya na ASICS jikọrọ aka ọzọ na ngwaahịa nke gosipụtara ọla edo na oji na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.<ref name="Wale Collaboration" /> === Ngosipụta telivishọn === Wale gosipụtara Chango na oge 3 nke American Gods .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.looper.com/323792/why-chango-from-american-gods-season-3-looks-so-familiar/|title=Why Chango From American Gods Season 3 Looks So Familiar|work=Looper.com|author=Abbey White|date=2021-01-31|accessdate=2021-02-01}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == === African Muzik Magazine Awards ===    === BET Hip Hop Awards ===   == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bcefgx6f8mvj1u4tzf1dnxctbbkdg1c Timaya 0 14402 743563 723960 2026-11-06T05:55:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Inetimi Timaya Odon''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 15 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1980), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha ya bụ '''Timaya''', bụ onye Naịjirịa na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu. O si Odi, [[Ȯra Bayelsa|Bayelsa steeti]]. Ọ bụ onye guzobere DM Records Limited. Ọrụ naanị ya malitere na 2005 site na ntọhapụ nke "Dem Mama", nke pụtara na abọm mbụ ya, True Story wepụtara n'afọ sochirinụ. E wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya bụ Gift and Grace n'afọ 2008. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ nwetakwuru ọhụhụ na ama ama na mba ụwa site na abọm studio ya nke atọ ''De Rebirth'' - nke ewepụtara na mmekorita ya na Black Body Entertainment - na egwu ya "Plantain Boy".<ref name="plantain boy">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2009/12/05/timaya%E2%80%99s-plantain-boy-rules-music-scene%E2%80%A6-picks-n9-5m-escalade-jeep-new-lover/|title=Timaya's Plantain Boy Rules Music Scene… Picks N9.5m Escalade jeep, new Lover|work=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide News]]|date=5 December 2009|accessdate=8 March 2014}}</ref> Ha abụọ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa. O mekwara ya ego nke ya na Dem Mama Soldiers rụkọrọ ọrụ na abọm LLNP (Long Life N Prosperity). N'afọ 2012, Timaya wepụtara Upgrade, nke mepụtara egwu "Bum Bum", "Sexy Ladies", na "Malonogede". Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọrụ ya emeela ka ọ nweta ọtụtụ onyinye na nhọpụta gụnyere mmeri Headies Awards anọ, mmeri AFRIMMA Awards abụọ, otu Nigeria Music Award na NEA Award.<ref name="Timaya surpasses">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/24332/35/timaya-surpasses-haters-expectatio8203ns-to-remain.html|title=Timaya Surpasses Haters Expectations To Remain Relevant in the Industry|author=Chukwu|first=Reginald|date=25 November 2013|publisher=Nigeriaflims.com|accessdate=10 March 2014|archive-date=4 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204105900/http://nigeriafilms.com/news/24332/35/timaya-surpasses-haters-expectatio8203ns-to-remain.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Inetimi Timaya Odon na 15 August, 1980 na Port Harcourt, [[Ȯra Rivers|Rivers]] State . O tolitere dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ; onye nke ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ iri na ise na Agip Estate, [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port Harcourt]] . Nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ na nne ya bụ onye ahịa. Maka agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya, Odon gara Assemblies of God Nursery And Primary School.<ref name="Timaya Rise">{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201206110668.html|title=Nigeria: The Story Behind Timaya's Rise|author=Adamu|first=Naomi|date=10 July 2012|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica Global Media]]|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> Agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya malitere na Nkpolu Oroworukwo na Port Harcourt .<ref name="plantain boy"/> Ọ na-emebi iwu ụlọ iji gaa ihe omume egwu abalị. Tupu Timaya agụsị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, nne ya mere ndokwa ka ya na nwanne ya nwoke tọrọ ya na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya gaa Lagos. Mgbe ọ kwagara n'obodo ahụ, ọ banyere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Ikeja Grammar School nke Lagos, ebe o mechara nweta asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.<ref name="vanguardngr2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/01/timaya-plantain-seller-tells-his-story|title=Timaya, plantain seller tells his story|date=14 January 2012|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguardngr.com]]|publisher=[[Vanguard Media]]|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> Timaya mechara laghachi Port Harcourt iji mụọ Banking na Finance na tertiary-level, mana, ọ rụrụ nke ọma n'ule ma hapụ ya mgbe ọkara afọ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ gasịrị.<ref name="Timaya Rise"/> Mgbe ahụ, ọ laghachiri Lagos isonyere otu hiphop nke [[Eedris Abdulkareem]] dị ka onye na-akwado egwu. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị na-arụ ọrụ maka Eedris, Timaya hapụrụ otu ahụ iji lekwasị anya na ọrụ naanị ya. Ọ malitere idekọ mmekorita ya na ndị na-ese ihe na-abịa n'ihu ma mee mpụta mbụ ya na vidiyo egwu nke UDX, otu rap nke Lagos. O mechara zute onye na-emepụta ihe Obaksolo na Mafoluku, Oshodi, onye mepụtara nnukwu egwu mbụ ya "Dem Mama" mgbe ọ nụrụ ka ọ na-eme nsụgharị a [https://web.archive.org/web/20220712092717/https://egwunso.com/ cappella].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://9jabeatz.com/editorial/timaya-settles-4-years-beef-with-obaksolo/7077/|title=Timaya Settles 4 Years Beef With Obaksolo [PHOTOS]|publisher=Chijioke5050|work=9jaBeatz|accessdate=27 September 2015}}</ref> Ya na Namse Udosen (Menthol X) rụkọrọ ọrụ na egwu "Pomporo" na abọm mbụ ya, True Story . N'ịkọwa egwu ahụ n'ajụjụ ọnụ e tinyere n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013, Timaya kwuru, sị: "Dem Mama' bụ akụkọ banyere mbibi 1999 nke Odi, obodo dị n'akụkụ osimiri na Niger Delta. Ndị agha na-achụ ndị agha ha kwuru na ha gburu ndị uwe ojii asatọ. A gbara obodo nta ahụ ọkụ ma gbuo ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ. Eji m obi ike, dozie okwu ahụ ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị ma nweta ntụkwasị obi n'okporo ámá ozugbo maka nkwuwa okwu m. " == Ọrụ == Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke "Dem Mama", Timaya kpebiri ịga n'ihu na onye mmepụta K-Solo. O dekọrọ egwu asaa ọzọ maka abọm mbụ ya bụ True Story, nke e mechara wepụta na 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailyindependentnig.com/2013/08/eedris-never-paid-me-a-dime-timaya/|title=Eedris never paid me a dime –Timaya|work=[[The Daily Independent (Lagos)|Daily Independent]]|accessdate=7 March 2014|archive-date=8 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308014322/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/08/eedris-never-paid-me-a-dime-timaya/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, Timaya malitere ịrụ ọrụ na abọm nke abụọ ya na ndị na-emepụta [[Phyno]], Jeggs, Spankie, Akeem D Beat, Obaksolo na Terry G. N'afọ 2008, ewepụtara abọm akpọrọ Gift and Grace n'ime ụlọ ahịa mba niile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/4439/3/dbanj9icepsquare-or-timaya-who-wins-artiste-of-the.html|title=D'banj, 9ice, P-Square Or Timaya? Who Wins Artist of the Year Title + List of Nominees For Hip Hop World Awards|publisher=nigeriafilms.com|date=12 March 2009|accessdate=7 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310161900/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/4439/3/dbanj9icepsquare-or-timaya-who-wins-artiste-of-the.html|archivedate=10 March 2014}}</ref> Timaya meriri ihe nrite abụọ na 2008: "Album of the Year" na Nigeria Music Awards na "Best Reggae / Dancehall album" na Headies Awards. O nwetakwara ihe nrite abụọ "Best Reggae / Dancehall album" maka Gift and Grace na "Best Collaboration" maka atụmatụ ya na J Martins 'Good or Bad (O Wey)" na mbipụta 2009 nke The Headies . Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Timaya wepụtara abọm nke atọ ya, ''De Rebirth'' na ihe ịga nke ọma ya bụ "Plantain Boy". Ọ bụ Akeem D Beat, Phyno, Flux, M-Yire, Jay Sleek, N.D, Jesse Jagz, na Obaksolo rụpụtara abọm ahụ. Timaya na ndị ọbịa na-ese ihe, gụnyere 2face Idibia, TJ 2Solo, Allenian, Konga, Lanre, M.I, TJ, na Wrecoba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenet.ng/2010/06/timaya-gets-born-again/|title=Timaya Gets Born Again|publisher=TheNetng|date=8 July 2010|accessdate=7 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308022253/http://thenet.ng/2010/06/timaya-gets-born-again/|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ọ pụtara na egwu "Kokoroko" nke nwanyị na-ese egwu ozioma bụ [[Kefee]], nke gara n'ihu merie na "Best Collaboration" na 2010 Headies Awards., [[Kcee (musician)|Kcee]] gosipụtara ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na egwu akpọrọ 'Erima'<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2010/06/winners-of-hip-hop-world-awards-2010.html|title=Winners of Hip Hop World Awards 2010|publisher=Information Nigeria|date=1 July 2010|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumlite.com.ng/blog/kcee-ft-timaya-erima/|title=Erima|date=21 January 2019|work=Premiumlite|accessdate=26 January 2019}}</ref> === DM Records === Timaya guzobere akara ndekọ ya, DM Records Limited . N'okpuru nke a, ọ zụlitere ndị na-ese ihe dịka Patoranking na Runtown .<ref name="pato">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latestnaija.com/patoranking-alubarika-ft-timaya-gravity/|title=Patoranking – Alubarika Ft Timaya|date=12 September 2013|work=LatestNaija|publisher=LatestNaija|accessdate=25 July 2019|archive-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725111024/https://www.latestnaija.com/patoranking-alubarika-ft-timaya-gravity/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="runtown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/mentoring-patoranking-runtown-timaya-says-no-regrets-not-signing/|title=After Mentoring Patoranking & Runtown, Timaya Says No Regrets Not Signing Them|date=24 October 2018|work=NaijaMusic|publisher=naijamusic.com|accessdate=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725111025/https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/mentoring-patoranking-runtown-timaya-says-no-regrets-not-signing/|archive-date=25 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, ọ bịanyere aka na onye na-eto eto Dancehall / Afro-Fusion artist, King Perryy na DM Records.<ref name="king">{{Cite news|url=https://acceleratetv.com/timaya-signs-new-artiste-dm-records/|title=Timaya Signs New Artiste To DM Records|date=9 February 2018|work=Accelerate TV|publisher=acceleratetv|accessdate=25 July 2019|archive-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725111030/https://acceleratetv.com/timaya-signs-new-artiste-dm-records/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == ON'afọ 2011, ndị Inter religious and International Federation for World Peace (IIFWP) họpụtara Timaya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya udo. Dr. Hak Ja Haan Moon, onye guzobere IIFWP, kwuru na ọ bụ "otu n'ime ndị ndụ ha na-egosipụta echiche nke ibi ndụ maka ndị ọzọ, na ndị raara onwe ha nye omume ndị na-akwalite echiche ntọala nke IIFWP. "<ref name="vanguardngr">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/05/timaya-is-un-peace-ambassador/|title=Timaya is UN Peace Ambassador|date=28 May 2011|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguardngr.com]]|publisher=[[Vanguard Media]]|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> == Discography == === Albọm === * ''Ezi Akụkọ'' (2007) * ''Onyinye na Grace'' (2008) * ''De Rebirth'' (2010) * ''LLNP Long Life N Prosperity'' (2011) * Mmelite (2012) * ''Epiphany'' (2014) * ''Chulo Vibes'' EP (2019) * Ekele 2020 === Ndị otu a họọrọ === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha !Abọm !Ref |- |2022 |"Charger" | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-07|title=(Song) Timaya Charger {{!}} MP3 « tooXclusive|url=https://tooxclusive.com/timaya-charger-song/|accessdate=2022-06-07|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607233330/https://tooxclusive.com/timaya-charger-song/}}</ref> |- |2021 |"Cold Outside" (featuring Buju) | |<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wonah|first=Israel|title=Buju - Cold Outside ft Timaya Mp3 Download » TrendyBeatz|url=https://trendybeatz.com/download-mp3/18163/buju-cold-outside-ft-timaya|accessdate=2022-06-07|work=trendybeatz.com|language=en}}</ref> |- |2021 |"Eff All Day" (featuring [[Phyno]]) | |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-16|title=[Music + Video] Timaya Ft. Phyno - Eff All Day|url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/timaya-ft-phyno-eff-all-day|accessdate=2021-08-18|work=Naijaloaded {{!}} Nigeria's Most Visited Music & Entertainment Website|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818114155/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/timaya-ft-phyno-eff-all-day}}</ref> |- |2019 |"2 Stoopid" |{{N/A|Non-album single}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Timaya Drops hit track Stoopid|url=https://9jabeatz.com/download-naija-music-mp3/timaya-stoopid/7073/|accessdate=28 June 2019|date=28 June 2019}}</ref> |- |2019 |"Enweghị m ike igbu onwe m" | rowspan="2" |''Chulo Vibes'' |<ref>{{Cite web|title=I cant't Kill Myself - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/i-cant-kill-myself/1450504677?i=1450504706|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=28 June 2019|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225128/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/i-cant-kill-myself/1450504677?i=1450504706}}</ref> |- |2019 |"Balance" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Balance - Timaya|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=od2lX2tJ3Zg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628170510/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=od2lX2tJ3Zg|archivedate=28 June 2019|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=28 June 2019}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Kom Kom" (nke gosipụtara King Perry na [[Patoranking]]) |rowspan="18" {{N/A|Non-album single}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kom Kom - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/kom-kom/1444663832?i=1444663835|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225135/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/kom-kom/1444663832?i=1444663835}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Bam Bam" (gosipụtara [[Olamide]]) |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bam Bam ft Olamide - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/bam-bam-feat-olamide/1436904693?i=1436904700|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225131/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/bam-bam-feat-olamide/1436904693?i=1436904700}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Ah Blem Blem" (Electric Bodega Remix) |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ah Blem Blem - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/ah-blem-blem-electric-bodega-remix/1440563031?i=1440563032|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225134/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/ah-blem-blem-electric-bodega-remix/1440563031?i=1440563032}}</ref> |- |2018 |"To U" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=To U - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/to-u/1405693739?i=1405694108|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225130/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/to-u/1405693739?i=1405694108}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Ah Blem Blem" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ah Blem- Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/ah-blem-blem/1340486018?i=1340486801|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225133/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/ah-blem-blem/1340486018?i=1340486801}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Telli Person" (nke gosipụtara Olamide na [[Phyno]]) |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telli Person- Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/telli-person-feat-phyno-olamide/1271886661?i=1271886667|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608230639/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/telli-person-feat-phyno-olamide/1271886661?i=1271886667}}</ref> |- |2017 |"Dance" (gosipụtara Rudeboy) |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dance ft. Rudeboy - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/dance-feat-rudeboy/1436659605?i=1436659616|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225127/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/dance-feat-rudeboy/1436659605?i=1436659616}}</ref> |- |2017 |"I Like the Way" (Electric Bodega Remix) |<ref>{{Cite web|title=I like the Way - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/i-like-the-way-electric-bodega-remix-feat-electric-bodega/1436804047?i=1436804296|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225136/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/i-like-the-way-electric-bodega-remix-feat-electric-bodega/1436804047?i=1436804296}}</ref> |- |2017 |"Obi ebere 4 anyị" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pity 4 Us - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/pity-4-us/1212151341?i=1212151342|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225126/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/pity-4-us/1212151341?i=1212151342}}</ref> |- |2017 |"Woyo" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Woyo - Timaya|url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/woyo/1202146928?i=1202147206|accessdate=26 July 2019|date=18 June 2018|archivedate=8 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608225132/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/woyo/1202146928?i=1202147206}}</ref> |- |2016 |"Money" (featuring [[Flavour (musician)|Flavour]]) |<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2FDUQ99BU|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223636/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2FDUQ99BU|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Money - Timaya feat Flavour - Afrobeats 2016 - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=14 May 2016|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2016 |"Bang Bang" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Tx-HzZnr34|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223626/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Tx-HzZnr34|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Bang Bang (Official Music VIdeo) - Timaya - Afrobeats 2016 - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=26 August 2016|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2016 |"I Like the Way" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmpvNwUZ0q0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223638/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmpvNwUZ0q0|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=I Like The Way (Official Music Video) - Timaya - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=14 January 2016|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Ụfọdụ Ọzọ" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDsGAgnTTpA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223642/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDsGAgnTTpA|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Some More - Timaya (Official Music Video) - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=6 July 2015|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Amayanabo" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9bDtTxEfq4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223632/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9bDtTxEfq4|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Amayanabo|format=video|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2015 |"I Concur" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbwBUHgHVa0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223640/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbwBUHgHVa0|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=I Concur (Official Music Video) - Timaya ft. Don Jazzy - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=15 October 2015|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Ukwu" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN6qNDMeWm4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223628/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN6qNDMeWm4|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Ukwu (Official Video) - Timaya - Epiphany - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=8 October 2013|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Sanko" |<ref name="auto" /> |- |2014 |"Lai Lai" | rowspan="4" |''Epiphany'' |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXzvF_0f4eM|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223624/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXzvF_0f4eM|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Lai Lai - Timaya ft. Terry G - Epiphany - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Gbagam" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inZPwTHUB_Q|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223629/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inZPwTHUB_Q|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Gbagam - Timaya ft. Phyno & Deettii (Official Music Video) - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=25 April 2015|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Bow Down" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMB5NxJJsN4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223631/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMB5NxJJsN4|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Bow Down (Official Music Video) - Timaya - Epiphany - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=5 June 2014|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Ekoloma Demba" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvjltgGCZSo|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608223625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvjltgGCZSo|archivedate=2022-06-08|title=Ekoloma Demba (Official Music Video) - Timaya - Epiphany - Official Timaya|author=OfficialTimaya|date=19 July 2013|accessdate=2022-06-08}}</ref> |- |} == Videography == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha !Onye isi !Ref |- |2012 |''Malonogede'' |Gini | |- |2012 |''Bum Bum'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2012 |''Ụmụ nwanyị Sexy '' |Clarence Peters | |- |2014 |''Ekoloma Demba'' |Matt Max | |- |2014 |''Watta Bam Bam'' |Mmepụta Godfather | |- |2014 |''Ukwu'' |Moe Musa | |- |2014 |''Bum Bum (remix)'' |Ihe nkiri Shuta | |- |2014 |''Bow Down'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2014 |''Sanko'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2014 |''Gbagam'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2015 |''Hallelujah'' |Matt Max |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Timaya Singer shares emotional grass-to-grace story in Hallelujah [Video]|url=http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/timaya-singer-shares-emotional-grass-to-grace-story-in-hallelujah-video-id4158177.html|work=Pulse.com.gh|publisher=David Mawuli|accessdate=5 February 2016|archivedate=13 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913002605/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/timaya-singer-shares-emotional-grass-to-grace-story-in-hallelujah-video-id4158177.html}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Ụfọdụ Ndị Ọzọ'' |Mgbasa Ozi Na-ekpochapụ | |- |2015 |''Hallelujah'' |Matt Max | |- |2015 |''I Concur'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2015 |''I Like The Way'' |Mgbasa Ozi Na-agbanyụọ | |- |2015 |''Ego'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2016 |''Bang Bang'' |Patrick Elis | |- |2016 |''Woyo'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2016 |''Ịgba egwu'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2017 |''Telli Person'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2018 |''Ah Blem Blem'' |Clarence Peters | |- |2018 |''To U'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2018 |''Bam Bam'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2018 |''Kom Kom'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2019 |''Balance'' |[[Unlimited L.A]] | |- |2019 |''Enweghị m ike igbu onwe m'' |Onye isi K | |- |2019 |''2 Stoopid'' |[[TG Omori]] | |- |2021 |''oyi n'èzí'' |[[TG Omori]] |<ref>{{Cite web|author=S9|first=DJ Valentino|date=2021-11-01|title=Timaya – Cold Outside ft. Buju (Video)|url=https://www.six9ja.com/timaya-cold-outside-ft-buju-video/|accessdate=2022-06-07|work=Six9ja|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528225956/https://www.six9ja.com/timaya-cold-outside-ft-buju-video/}}</ref> |- | |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == * Afrotainment-Museke Online African Music Awards ** 2011:Best Afro-Dancehall song, "Plantain Boy" (Won)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afrotainment-Museke Online African Music Awards 2011|url=http://www.3-mob.com/?p=1870|work=3-mob.com|publisher=Three Man on a Boat|accessdate=9 August 2014|date=28 September 2011}}</ref> * Nigeria Music Awards ** 2008: Abọm nke Afọ, ''Ezi Akụkọ'' (Won) * Isi ** 2008: Best Reggae/Dancehall Album, True Story (Won) ** 2009: Best Reggae/Dancehall Album, Gift and Grace (Won) ** 2009: Mmekọrịta kacha mma, "Good or Bad" (ya na J. Martins na [[P-Square]]) (Won) ** 2009: Artiste of the Year (Nominated) ** 2010: Mmekọrịta kacha mma, "Kokoroko" (ya na Kefee) (Won) * Nigeria Entertainment Awards ** 2014: Onye na-ese ihe n'afọ (Nominated) * AFRIMMA ** Afrimma 2015 Best Dancehall Artist (Nominated) ** Afrimma 2016 Best Dancehall Act of the Year (Nominated) ** Afrimma 2017 Dancehall Act of the Year (Won) ** Afrimma 2018 Best African Reggae/Dancehall Act (Nominated) * Grammy 2018 ** Morgan Heritage's Reggae Night (Global Remix) off the album ''Avrakedabra'' == Njem == * 2021 - Timaya US Tour * 2019 - Timaya Chulo Vibes Europe Tour * 2018 - Timaya Live na Canada * 2017 - Timaya US Tour == Leekwa ==   * Ndepụta nke ndị si Port Harcourt * Ndepụta nke ndị egwu Naịjirịa {{Clear}} == Ndetu == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] niihmhzl6nszgrxlza8unk9dnuefwi4 Robert Hayden 0 15048 743503 723452 2026-11-05T19:50:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Hayden''' (August 4, 1913 February 25, 1980) bụ onye America na-ede abụ, onye edemede, na onye nkuzi. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na uri na Library of Congress site n'afọ 1976 ruo afọ 1978, ọrụ a maara taa dị ka US Poet Laureate .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Poet Laureate Timeline: 1971-1980|url=https://www.loc.gov/poetry/laureate-1971-1980.html|publisher=Library of Congress|year=2008|accessdate=December 19, 2008}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye edemede Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ nọ n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. == Akụkọ ndụ ya == A mụrụ Robert Hayden Asa Bundy Sheffey na Detroit, Michigan, nke Ruth na Asa Sheffey, bụ ndị kewara tupu a mụọ ya. Otu ezinụlọ na-elekọta ya n'akụkụ ụlọ, Sue Ellen Westerfield na William Hayden, kpọọrọ ya, ma tolite na ghetto Detroit nke a na-akpọ "Paradise Valley".<ref name="norton">{{Cite book|author=Ramazani|first=Jahan|title=The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry|url=https://archive.org/details/nortonanthologyo00jaha_0|edition=Third|isbn=0-393-97792-7|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton|year=2003}}</ref> Alụmdi na nwunye Haydens na-ese okwu mgbe niile, tinyere asọmpi Ruth Sheffey maka ịhụnanya nwa ya nwoke, mere ka ọ bụrụ nwata dị egwu. N'ịhụ ọgụ na mmekpa ahụ, Hayden biri n'ụlọ jupụtara na "iwe na-adịghị ala ala", nke mmetụta ya ga-anọnyere ya n'oge ndụ ya niile. N'elu nke ahụ, nnukwu nsogbu anya ya gbochiri ya isonye na ihe omume dịka egwuregwu nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ tinyere aka na ya. Ihe mgbu ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata kpatara ịda mbà n'obi nke o mechara kpọọ "abalị m gbara ọchịchịrị nke mkpụrụ obi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://brownvboard.org/content/my-dark-nights-soul-poet-robert-hayden|title=My Dark Nights of Soul - Poet Robert Hayden {{!}} Brown Foundation|work=brownvboard.org|accessdate=August 4, 2019|archivedate=August 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804114639/http://brownvboard.org/content/my-dark-nights-soul-poet-robert-hayden}}</ref> N'ihi na ọ na-ahụ anya nke ọma ma dị obere ogo, ndị ọgbọ ya na-achụpụkarị ya. Na nzaghachi, Hayden gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma, na-azụlite ma ntị ma anya maka àgwà mgbanwe na akwụkwọ. Ọ gara Detroit City College nke e mechara kpọọ Wayne State University na isi na Spanish na obere na Bekee, wee pụọ n'afọ 1936 n'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi, otu kredit na-erughị ya, ịga rụọ ọrụ maka Nlekọta Ọganihu Ọrụ Fn Federal Writers 'Project, ebe ọ nyochara akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii na omenala ndị mmadụ.<ref name="Buck04">{{Cite book|author=Buck|first=Christopher|chapter=Chapter 4: Robert Hayden|title=Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature|pages=177–181|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-516725-2|chapterurl=http://bahai-library.com/buck_robert_hayden}}</ref> N'ịhapụ Federal Writers' Project n'afọ 1938, Hayden lụrụ Erma Morris n'afọ 1940 wee bipụta mpịakọta mbụ ya, Heart-Shape in the Dust (1940).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/104280772/erma-inez-hayden|title=Erma Hayden memorial|work=[[Find a Grave]]}}</ref> Ọ debara aha na Mahadum Michigan n'afọ 1941 wee nweta onyinye Hopwood n'ebe ahụ. N'ịbụ onye a zụlitere dị ka onye Baptist, ọ sooro nwunye ya banye n'okwukwe Bahá'í n'oge mmalite afọ 1940, ma zụlite nwa nwanyị, Maia, n'okpukpe ahụ.<ref name="Buck04"/><ref name="Ebony78">{{Cite news|author=Harriet Jackson Scarupa|title=Robert Hayden 'Poet Laureate'|work=Ebony|pages=78–80, 82|date=January 1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LeBkQ_NQNEC&pg=PA78|accessdate=December 24, 2014}}</ref> Hayden ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị Bahá'í a ma ama na-ede uri. Erma Hayden bụ onye na-eti egwu na onye na-ede egwu ma jee ozi dị ka onye nlekọta egwu maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Nashville.<ref name="Ebony78" /> N'ịchụso nzere masta, Hayden gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru W. H. Auden, onye duziri uche ya na nsogbu nke ụdị uri, usoro, na ịdọ aka ná ntị nka. Enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta Auden na "nkà na ụzụ nke amaokwu Hayden".<ref name="norton"/> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1942, mgbe ahụ ọ na-akụzi ọtụtụ afọ na Michigan, Hayden gara Mahadum Fisk n'afọ 1946, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ iri abụọ na atọ, laghachi Michigan n'afọ 1969 iji rụchaa ọrụ nkuzi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myblackhistory.net/Robert_Hayden.htm|title=Robert Hayden: African American Writer|work=www.myblackhistory.net|accessdate=August 4, 2019}}</ref> N'ikwekọ na ọrụ nkuzi ya na Fisk, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede uri na Mahadum Indiana State n'afọ 1967 ma na-eleta onye na-ede uri na Mahadum Washington n'afọ 1969, Mahadum Connecticut n'afọ 1971, Mahadum Dennison n'afọ 1972, na Connecticut College n'afọ 1974.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Buck|first=Christopher|date=2004|title=Hayden, Robert|url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-51187|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=February 3, 2021|work=Oxford African American Studies Center|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.51187}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-akwado nkuzi okpukpe ya banyere ịdị n'otu nke mmadụ, Hayden enweghị ike ịnabata nkewa ndị ojii.<ref name="Williams87">{{Cite book|author=Pontheolla T. Williams|title=Robert Hayden: A Critical Analysis of His Poetry|url=https://archive.org/details/roberthaydencrit0000will|year=1987|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-01289-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/roberthaydencrit0000will/page/26 26]–27, 66, 154, 162}}</ref> N'ihi ya, abụ aha nke Words in the Mourning Time na-ejedebe na arịrịọ na-akpali akpali n'aha mmadụ niile: <blockquote>Weghachite ugbu a, ugbu a megharịa ọhụụ nke ụwa mmadụ ebe nsọpụrụ Chineke ga-ekwe omume na mmadụ abụghị gook nigger honkey wop ma ọ bụ kike kama ọ bụ mmadụ                            kwere ka ọ bụrụ nwoke.<ref name="Ebony78"/></blockquote>Ọ nwụrụ na Ann Arbor, Michigan, na February 25, 1980, ọ dị afọ iri isii na isii.<ref name="Poets">{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/poet/robert-hayden|title=About Robert Hayden {{!}} Academy of American Poets|author=Poets|first=Academy of American|work=poets.org|accessdate=August 4, 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi nke United States nyere mpempe akwụkwọ stampụ nke gosipụtara nnukwu ndị na-ede uri iri nke narị afọ iri abụọ nke Amerika, gụnyere Hayden.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120622104904/http://beyondtheperf.com/stamp-releases/twentieth-century-poets Beyondtheperf.com],</ref> == Ọrụ ya == Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1960 na ịrị elu nke Black Arts Movement, mgbe oge ntorobịa nke ndị na-ese ihe n'Afrịka na Amerịka dere abụ mkpesa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmetụta uche na-eme mkpesa nke ọma nye ndị oji na-ege ntị, nkà ihe ọmụma Hayden banyere ọrụ abụ na ụzọ o si gosipụta onwe ya dị ka onye edemede. Ọjụjụ ọ jụrụ ịmegharị onwe ya dị ka foto nke afọ 1960 gosipụtara mere ka ọ nweta nzaghachi site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị nyocha ole na ole. Hayden nọgidere na-agbaso echiche ya banyere uri dị ka usoro nka kama ngosipụta esemokwu na nkwenye ya na uri kwesịrị, na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-edozi àgwà ndị a kpọrọ mmadụ, gụnyere ikpe na-ezighị ezi ọha na eze. Nkwenkwe Hayden banyere mmekọrịta nke onye na-ese ihe na uri ya n'otu aka ahụ nwere mmetụta na ịjụ ya ide sonnets mkpesa nke nwere mmetụta uche. Omume Hayden bụ ime ka nkewa dị n'etiti ọkà okwu na mmegharị nke Abụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2746&context=etd|title=Feeling With Imagination: Sympathy and Postwar American Poetry|author=De Jong|first=Timothy A.|publisher=Western University|date=2013}}</ref> Ọrụ ya na-ekwukarị banyere nsogbu nke ndị Africa America, na-ejikarị ebe obibi ya mbụ nke Paradise Valley slum dị ka azụ, dị ka ọ na-eme na abụ "Heart-Shape in the Dust". O ji asụsụ obodo ojii na okwu ọdịnala mee ihe n'ụzọ dị njikere, o dekwara abụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gụnyere usoro banyere Agha Vietnam. Na uri mbụ nke usoro ahụ, o kwuru, sị: "Ana m agbalị igosipụta echiche na ihe egwu nke agha ahụ ghọrọ ụdị ọnụnọ, ha na gị na-arụkwa ọrụ onwe gị na nke chiri anya, na-eri nri gị na ihe ndị ọzọ. Egwu na obi ọjọọ na mpụ nke agha metụrụ ihe niile aka. Echere m na nke ahụ bụ otu n'ime abụ ndị kachasị mma. "<ref name="Goldstein01">{{Cite book|author=Laurence Goldstein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhH52O53aAIC&pg=PA23|title=Robert Hayden: Essays on the Poetry|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2001|isbn=0-472-11233-3|pages=23, 106}}</ref> Mmetụta nke ihe ọhụrụ Euro-American na abụ Hayden na nkwupụta ya na-aga n'ihu na ọ dị mkpa ka e lee ya anya dị ka "onye na-ede abụ America" na-emegide "onye na-ede uri ojii" kpaliri ọtụtụ nzaghachi banyere abụ dị ka "Uncle Tom" site n'aka ndị nkatọ Africa na America n'oge afọ 1960s. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Afrịka na Amerịka, ndị isi ojii nke oge a, dịka ọmụmaatụ, [[Malcolm X]], na obodo ndị Afrịka na Amerịka, ọkachasị Hayden's native Paradise Valley, bụ isiokwu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke abụ ya.<ref name="Poets"/> Na Eprel 7, 1966, e nyere Hayden's ''Ballad'' of Remembrance, site na otu olu, Nnukwu ihe nrite maka abụ na ihe mmemme mba ụwa na nka niile gbasara ndị ojii na Dakar, Senegal.<ref name="Buck04"/> Emume ahụ nwere ihe karịrị puku mmadụ iri sitere na mba iri atọ na asaa bịara. Otú ọ dị, na Eprel 22, 1966, otu ndị na-eto eto na-ede uri na-eme ngagharị iwe nke Melvin Tolson duziri katọrọ Hayden na nzukọ Mahadum Fisk nke ndị edemede ojii maka ịjụ ịkọwa onwe ya dị ka onye oji na-ede abụ<ref name="Buck04" /> === Abụ nke Ihe ekere eke === A makwaara Hayden dị ka onye na-ede uri ma tinye ya na anthology "Black Nature: Four Centuries of African American Nature Poetry". Abụ ya, "A Plague of Starlings", bụ otu n'ime uri ya a ma ama.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Dungy|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Black_Nature/WGJ68ddciIEC?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=Black nature: Four centuries of African American nature poetry.|publisher=University of Georgia Press|year=2009|location=Athens, Georgia|pages=128|isbn=9780820334318|language=English}}</ref> abụ ahụ, “Night-Blooming Cereus,” bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke Hayden gosipụtara ụwa okike. Abụ a na-egosi dị ka usoro nke haiku-dị ka stanzas. Hayden kwuru na njem ya na Duluth, Minnesota n'oge ịkụ azụ na-agbaze. Ọ na-akọwa otú uri ahụ si ghọọ haiku, ebe ị na-enweta ya niile site na aro na nkọwa.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Laurence, Goldsteinand Robert Chrisman|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Robert_Hayden/RhH52O53aAIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=robert+hayden+haiku&pg=PP13&printsec=frontcover|title=Robert Hayden: Essays on the poetry.|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2001|location=Michigan|pages=27–28|isbn=9780472112333|language=English}}</ref> === Mmetụta abụ ya === A na-etokarị Robert Hayden maka ọrụ ya nke abụ, echiche pụrụ iche na ọrụ ya, asụsụ ya kpọmkwem, na iwu ya zuru oke nke usoro uri ọdịnala na usoro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Millennium Web Catalog|url=http://0-africanamerican2.abc-clio.com.sultan.tnstate.edu/Search/Display/1396452?terms=robert+hayden|accessdate=March 25, 2016|work=0-africanamerican2.abc-clio.com.sultan.tnstate.edu}}</ref> Mmetụta Hayden gụnyere Elinor Wylie, Countee Cullen, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps, John Keats, W. H. Auden na W. B. Yeats. === Ihe Nketa === A hoputara Hayden na American Academy of Poets n'afọ 1975. Abụ ya a ma ama bụ "Those Winter Sunday", nke na-ekwu maka ncheta nke ịhụnanya nna na owu ọmụma.<ref name="Buck04"/><ref name="Williams87"/> Ọ nọ n'etiti abụ ndị America kachasị abụ na narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Ọ jụrụ ọkwa ahụ ka e mechara kpọọ United States Poet Laureate na mbụ, nakweere nhọpụta maka 1976–1977 n'oge Bicentennial nke America, na ọzọ na 1977–1978 ọ bụ ezie na ahụ ike ya na-ada ada mgbe ahụ. Mahadum Brown (1976) na Fisk (1978) nyere ya akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ. N'afọ 1977, a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ maka telivishọn na Los Angeles na At One With nke Keith Berwick.<ref name="Goldstein01"/> Na Jenụwarị 1980 Hayden so na ndị gbakọtara ka onye isi ala Jimmy Carter na nwunye ya kwanyere ya ùgwù na nnabata White House na-eme ememe abụ America.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 4, 1980|title=Carters host poets|page=22|work=Santa Cruz Sentinel|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1461680/bahai_robert_hayden_at_white_house/|accessdate=December 24, 2014}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ iri dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Bahá'í World Order .<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 1990|title=Poets, writers honor Robert Hayden|pages=8–9|work=Baháʼí News|url=http://bahai-news.info/viewer.erb?vol=12&page=723|accessdate=December 24, 2014|archive-date=October 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013024542/http://bahai-news.info/viewer.erb?vol=12&page=723|url-status=dead}}</ref> Abụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama gụnyere "The Whipping" (nke bụ banyere obere nwata nwoke a na-ata ahụhụ siri ike maka ụfọdụ mmejọ a na-amaghị ama), "Middle Passage" (nke sitere na ihe omume ndị gbara ''United States v''. Ihe gbasara ''Amistad''), "Runagate, Runagate", na "Frederick Douglass".<ref name="Williams87"/> == Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ == * The Lion and the Archer: Poems. Mụ na Myron O'Higgins. Nashville: Counterpoise, 1948.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sorett|first=Josef|title=Spirit in the Dark: A Religious History of Racial Aesthetics|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2016|pages=120–121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KykDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|isbn=9780199844937}}</ref> * Selected Poems by Robert Hayden. NY: October House 1966. * Words in the Mourning Time: Poems by Robert Hayden. London: October House, 1970 * Angle of Ascent: New and Selected Poems nke Robert Hayden dere. NY: Liveright, 1975 * American Journal: Poems nke Robert Hayden dere. NY: Liveright Pub. Corp., 1982 * Nchịkọta Prose: Robert Hayden. Ed. Frederick Glaysher. Ann Arbor: Mahadum nke Michigan, 1984. * Collected Poems: Robert Hayden. Ed. Frederick Glaysher. NY: Liveright, 1985; rpt. 1996. == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Hatcher|first=John|title=From the Auroral Darkness: The Life and Poetry of Robert Hayden|edition=First|location=Oxford|publisher=George Ronald|year=1984|isbn=0-85398-188-4}} * * [http://bahai-library.com/tags/Robert%20Hayden Akwụkwọ ndị metụtara ya na Bahá'í Library Online]. * {{Cite book|author=Williams|first=Pontheolla|title=Robert Hayden: A Critical Analysis of His Poetry|date=1987|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana|isbn=0-252-01289-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/roberthaydencrit0000will/page/241 241]|url=https://archive.org/details/roberthaydencrit0000will/page/241|accessdate=February 15, 2019}} * {{Cite book|author=Goldstein|first=Laurence|title=Robert Hayden: Essays on the Poetry|date=2013|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Ann Arbor,MI|isbn=978-0-472-11233-3|pages=350|url=https://www.press.umich.edu/17204/robert_hayden|accessdate=February 15, 2015}} * {{Cite book|author=Bloom|first=Harold|title=Robert Hayden: Bloom's Modern Critical Views|url=https://archive.org/details/roberthaydenbloo00bloo|date=2005|publisher=Chelsea House|location=New York|isbn=0-791-08127-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/roberthaydenbloo00bloo/page/n286 278]}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051112201349/http://www.wgbh.org/pages/bostonarts/1999/robert_pinsky.html Ndị Winter Sunday hermeneusis site ex-Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky] * [http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/196 Academy of American Poets ndepụta] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114012505/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hayden/life.htm Banyere ndụ Hayden na ọrụ ya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402155638/https://www.poemhunter.com/robert-hayden/ Nhọrọ Online nke Poems] * [http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15733 Audio nke Hayden's poem ''Soledad''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114012510/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hayden/middle.htm "On 'Middle Passage':] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100808103028/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=3014 Ntọala uri] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190331174101/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hayden/hayden.htm Abụ America nke Oge A] * [https://www.amazon.com/Hopwood-Poets-Revisited-Eighteen-Winners/dp/1618460692/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=hopwood+poets+revisited&qid=1621275545&sr=8-1] The Hopwood Poets Revisited: Eighteen Major Award Winners;" nwere edemede mbụ banyere Robert Hayden site n'aka onye ọbụ abụ ibe ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya bụ Laurence Goldstein, na-echeta mmetụta na nsonaazụ nke Hayden's Hopwood "Major Poetry Award na Mahadum Michigan. {{LOC Poets Laureate}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ky9696j03hg3wnuej6sx6exjfy9zu4p Robert Clarkson Tredgold 0 15165 743501 740933 2026-11-05T19:46:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Robert Clarkson Tredgold''', KCMG (2 June 1899 – 8 April 1977), bụ onye ọka iwu Rhodesian, onye ọka ikpe na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. == Mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ ya na Bulawayo nye Clarkson Henry Tredgold, Attorney-General nke Southern Rhodesia, na Emily Ruth (née Moffat), ọ bụkwa nwa nwa nke onye ozi ala ọzọ John Moffat.<ref>Clarkson Henry Tredgold (1865–1938) became Public Prosecutor in 1898, in 1900 Solicitor General, and in 1903 Attorney General in Southern Rhodesia, before serving as a Judge of the High Court from 1919–1925.</ref><ref name="ZimEncyclopedia">{{Cite book|author=Berens|first=Denis|title=A Concise Encyclopedia of Zimbabwe|date=1988|publisher=Mambo Press|location=Gweru, Zimbabwe|isbn=0869224417}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Prince Edward School na South African College Schools na Cape Town, South Africa.<ref name="TedgoldBio">{{Cite book|author=Tredgold|first=Robert|title=The Rhodesia that was my life|url=https://archive.org/details/rhodesiathatwasm0000tred_c2q5|date=1968|publisher=George Allen and Unwin|location=London}}</ref> Ọ bụ Rhodes Scholar ma gụọ gbasara iwu na Hertford College.<ref name="TedgoldBio" /> N'afọ 1923, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa bụrụ ọkàiwu na Inner Temple wee laghachi Rhodesia ka ọ rụọ ọrụ iwu.<ref name="SALJ"/> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na ntuli aka nke afọ 1934, a họpụtara Tredgold ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly nke Insiza maka United Rhodesia Party nke Godfrey Huggins. Ọ bilitere ngwa ngwa, bụrụ Minista nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Nchebe na 1936, Minista nke ikpe ziri ezi, Nchebe (1940-1943), Minista nke Mmanụ na Ọrụ Ọha (1938), na Minista nke ihe gbasara ụmụ amaala (1942-1943). == Ndụ na ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị == Tredgold gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọfịs ya na oche nzukọ ndị omeiwu na 1943, iji were nhọpụta dị ka onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Southern Rhodesia. N'afọ 1950, mgbe Chief Justice Sir Robert Hudson lara ezumike nká, a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchie ya dị ka onye isi ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe.<ref name="SALJ">{{Cite journal|title=Resignation of the Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Clarkson Tredgold, Chief Justice of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|journal=South African Law Journal|date=1961|volume=78}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">"Resignation of the Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Clarkson Tredgold, Chief Justice of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland". ''South African Law Journal''. '''78''': 13. 1961.</cite></ref> Ọ jere ozi ruo 1955, n'ọnọdụ a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Gọvanọ na-anọchite anya Southern Rhodesia site na 21 Nọvemba 1953 ruo 26 Nọvember 1954. N'afọ 1953, Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, nyere Tredgold nzere nsọpụrụ nke Doctor of Laws (Hon LLD).<ref name="SALJ" /> A họpụtara Tredgold ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ikpe mbụ nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland na 1955. N'ọrụ a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Gọvanọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara Southern Rhodesia site na 21 Nọvemba 1953 ruo 26 Nọvember 1954, nakwa dị ka Gọvanọ na-anọchi anya Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland site na 24 Jenụwarị 1957 ruo Febụwarị 1957. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1960, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm iji mee mkpesa site n'ọnọdụ ya nke Central African Federation, na-akatọ omume ndị Sir Edgar Whitehead nyere ikike iji gbochie mmegide ndị isi ojii na-emegide Federation na Nyasaland na Northern Rhodesia, site na iwebata ''Iwu njikwa''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Decline and Fall of the British Empire (1781-1997)|year=2008|url=https://archive.org/details/declinefallofbri0000bren|author=Brendon, Piers|publisher=Vintage Books (Random House)|isbn=978-0-307-38841-4}}</ref> Tredgold kwuru na iwu ahụ "na-emebi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ikike mmadụ ọ bụla ma bụrụ, na mgbakwunye, mwakpo na-enweghị isi site n'aka ndị isi nke ụlọ ikpe. Ndị a bụ ndị na-elekọta ikike mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma bụrụ ọrụ m pụrụ iche.<ref name="SALJ"/> A họpụtara Sir Robert Tredgold dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nzuzo n'afọ 1957. Ọ lara ezumike nká na Marandellas ya na nwunye ya nke abụọ, Lady Margaret Tredgold. O bipụtara akwụkwọ ''The Rhodesia That Was My Life'' n'afọ 1968. == Ezinụlọ == Mgbe nwunye ya nwụrụ na 1974, Tredgold lụrụ nwunye ya nke abụọ, Mrs. Margaret Helen Phear (née Baines; 1910-2012), nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na nne nke ụmụ atọ, sitere na Aliwal North, South Africa. Di na nwunye ahụ jikọrọ aka nyochaa akụkọ ọdịnala nke Rhodesia (nke bụbu Southern Rhodesia) ma bipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka dabere na ha. Ha mekwara nnyocha banyere ''osisi'' ndị a na-eri eri, nke ruru na Food Plants of Zimbabwe, nke ọ dechara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ma bipụta ya na 1986.<ref name="obituary"/> Onye Roman Katọlik na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, Lady Tredgold nwụrụ na 2012 mgbe ọ dị afọ otu narị na abụọ na England, ebe ọ kwagara na 2004 n'ihi iwu gọọmentị Mugabe. Otu nwa ya nwoke nwụrụ tupu ọ nwụọ, wee hapụrụ ya nwa nwoke nke abụọ na nwa ya nwanyị, onye ya na ya biri na England.<ref name="obituary">{{Cite news|author=Lee|first=Clive|title=Lady Margaret Tredgold obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/dec/02/margaret-tredgold-obituary?INTCMP=SRCH|accessdate=22 February 2013|work=Guardian|date=2 December 2012}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLee2012">Lee, Clive (2 December 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/dec/02/margaret-tredgold-obituary?INTCMP=SRCH "Lady Margaret Tredgold obituary"]. ''Guardian''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gorvett.co.za/ged/individual.php?pid=I640&ged=gorvett&view=preview |title=Genealogy site info for Margaret Helen Baines |access-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421174337/http://gorvett.co.za/ged/individual.php?pid=I640&ged=gorvett&view=preview |archive-date=2022-04-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == A họpụtara Robert Clarkson Tredgold ka ọ bụrụ onye ibe nke usoro nke St Michael na St George na 1943 New Year Honours. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Knight Bachelor na 1951 New Year Honours. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye KCMG n'afọ 1955. == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5og10fyforxr8eruo8jo1qdch5jryg7 Peter Eastman (artist) 0 15205 743470 672044 2026-11-05T15:23:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Peter Eastman, 2012.jpg|thumb]] '''Peter Eastman''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1976) bụ Ónyé na-ese ihe nà [[South Africa]] bị nà Cape Town .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman - About|url=https://www.petereastman.com/about|work=Peter Eastman|accessdate=16 June 2021|archivedate=29 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929050130/https://www.petereastman.com/about}}</ref><ref name="artthrob">{{Cite journal|author=Edmunds|first=Paul|title=Peter Eastman|journal=artthrob|date=August 2008|issue=132|url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/08aug/artbio.html|accessdate=16 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Black Portrait|url=http://artcenter.hugovoeten.org/en/highlights/article/394-peter-eastman|work=Art Center Hugo Voeten|publisher=Hugo Voeten museum|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=5 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605073148/http://artcenter.hugovoeten.org/en/highlights/article/394-peter-eastman}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Eastman n'afọ 1976 ọ mà too nà South Africa. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eweghachi ihe ochie na London, United Kingdom. Ọ gakwara ụlọ akwụkwọ Michaelis nke dị na Mahadum Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, featured|url=https://10and5.com/2014/01/24/featured-peter-eastman/|work=between 10 and 5|publisher=between 10 and 5, Jessica Hunkin|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603222423/https://10and5.com/2014/01/24/featured-peter-eastman/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2014, ọ bịdọrọ ilekwasị anya na ihe osise nke ihe osise ọhịa na ikuku.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Coldstream|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/must-see-exhibitions-march/|work=Omenka online|publisher=Omenka, Ladun Ogidun|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=4 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604003210/https://www.omenkaonline.com/must-see-exhibitions-march/}}</ref> A makwaara Eastman màkà ụdị monochromatic pụrụ iche. Ihe oyiyi ndị e debere n'ihe ngosi ndị na-adịghị omimi na-anọgide na-abụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya ruo mgbè ónyé na-ekiri ya nọ n'ọnọdụ ziri ezi maka ìhè iji tụba ihe oyiyi ahụ n'ime relief, na-egosipụta ụda na agba na-agbanwe agbanwe. O yikarịrị ka e ji usoro a mee ihe nke ọma n'ihe osise ya bụ ŌHorse, n'afọ 2005.<ref name="artthrob"/> N'afọ 2007, Eastman gosipụtara 'Supernature' na gallery whatiftheworld nke Cape Town.<ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2007/11/02/super-nature-by-peter-eastman/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417052656/http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2007/11/02/super-nature-by-peter-eastman/|archivedate=2009-04-17}}</ref> Usoro íhé osise enamel na acrylic dị na mpempe aluminum, gosipụtara íhé osise nke ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche metụtara isiokwu nke nkwenkwe ụgha na ihu ọma.<ref name="artthrob"/> N'afọ 2010, Eastman gosipụtara usoro foto ojii na Primo Marella gallery na Milan, Ịtali, nkè Yacouba Konaté haziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa, assume art position|url=https://www.primomarellagallery.com/en/exhibitions/68/africa-assume-art-position/|work=Primo Marella|publisher=Primo Marella gallery|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603222002/https://www.primomarellagallery.com/en/exhibitions/68/africa-assume-art-position/}}</ref> A họpụtara Eastman n'akụkụ ndị omenkà mbà ụwa iri na asaá iji mepụta ihe ngosi màkà 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imagining soccer|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-12-03-imagining-soccer/|work=Mail&Guardian|publisher=Mail&Guardian|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, a na-ere ọrụ ahụ na Phillips de Pury na New York City. == Hụkwa == * Ihe osise Africa nke oge a == Ihe ngosi onwe onye ahọpụtara == '''2019''' Tangled Hierarchies, Smac Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Tangled Hierarchies|url=https://issuu.com/david8456/docs/art-times-june-2019|work=issu/Art Times|publisher=Art Times Magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=15 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615201950/https://issuu.com/david8456/docs/art-times-june-2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Interconnected Creation, Peter Eastman's Tangled Hierarchies|url=https://artthrob.co.za/2019/06/03/interconnected-creation-peter-eastmans-tangled-hierarchies/#:~:text=In%20a%20sense%2C%20Peter%20Eastman,%2C%20creating%20a%20Tangled%20Hierarchy.%E2%80%9D|work=ArtThrob|publisher=ArtThrob magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> '''2017''' Coldstream, Smac Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Coldstream|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/johannesburg/peter-eastman-coldstream_6142e|work=In your pocket johannesburg guide|publisher=In your pocket essential city guides|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603215607/https://www.inyourpocket.com/johannesburg/peter-eastman-coldstream_6142e}}</ref> '''2016''' Surface Light, Smac Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman|url=http://www.warreneditions.com/peter-eastman/|work=warren editions|publisher=Warren editions printmakers|accessdate=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603215608/http://www.warreneditions.com/peter-eastman/|archive-date=3 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''2014''' Deep China, Smac Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Report from South Africa, Peter Eastman at SMAC gallery in Cape Town|url=https://artreview.com/feature-artthrob-roundup-4-july-2014/|work=ArtReview|publisher=ArtReview magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Seeing the forest for the trees, Peter Eastman|url=https://artthrob.co.za/Reviews/Tim_Leibbrandt_reviews_Deep_Chine_by_Peter_Eastman_at_SMAC_Art_Gallery_Cape_Town.aspx|work=ArtThrob|publisher=ArtThrob magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> '''2012''' ''E liri ya na oji na ọcha'', Whatiftheworld gallery, Cape Town, South Africa '''2010''' ''Ndụ dị mkpụmkpụ'', WhatiftheworldIFTHEWORLD gallery, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2010/08/25/life-is-short-by-peter-eastman/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210114122/http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2010/08/25/life-is-short-by-peter-eastman/|archivedate=2012-02-10}}</ref> '''2010''' ''Maka oge'' nke ndụ ha, Co-Op gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.co-opjoburg.com/program/2010/02/11/peter-eastman-for-the-term-of-their-natural-lives/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130119172724/http://www.co-opjoburg.com/program/2010/02/11/peter-eastman-for-the-term-of-their-natural-lives/|archivedate=2013-01-19}}</ref> '''2009''' ''Peter Eastman'' Landscapes, Aardklop National arts festival, Potchefstroom, South Africa<ref>[[The North-West University Gallery]]</ref> '''2008''' Shadow Paintings, Obert nke oge a, Johannesburg, South Africa Supernature, Whatiftheworld gallery, Cape Town, South Africa<ref name="Archived copy"/> '''2007''' Black Paintings, Obert Contemporary, Johannesburg, South Africa '''2004''' Reflective, Stevenson Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stevenson.info/exhibitions/eastman/eastman.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620152054/http://stevenson.info/exhibitions/eastman/eastman.htm|archivedate=2013-06-20}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://archive.today/20130422024117/http://www.printgallery.co.za/intro.php?users_id=811 Ebe obibi akwụkwọ South Africa] * [http://issuu.com/arttimes/docs/business-art-march-10 Isiokwu] na Business Art == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aeqnswkzogmldzvp82gwfmpcc43zw0y Rachid Baba Ahmed 0 15320 743486 95566 2026-11-05T17:11:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rachid Baba Ahmed''' (Arabic; 20 August 1946 15 February 1995) bụ onye Algeria na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, onye na-ede egwu, na onye na-agụ egwu na mpaghara a maara dị ka raï .<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.echo.ucla.edu/Volume5-issue1/al_taee/altaee.pdf|first=Nasser|author=Al-Taee|title=Running with the Rebels: Politics, Identity, and Sexual Narrative in Algerian Rai|journal=Echo|date=Spring 2003|volume=5|issue=1|accessdate=2014-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915150718/http://www.echo.ucla.edu/Volume5-issue1/al_taee/altaee.pdf|archive-date=2018-09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> E nyere ya otuto maka mgbasawanye mba ụwa nke ụdị ahụ na 1976, site na pop raï ọhụrụ, ya na ngwakọta dị nro na nke dị mgbagwoju anya nke ngwá electronic. A makwaara ya maka mmepe nke pop raï n'oge 1970s na 1980s, ndị na-eme ya ka a na-akpọ ''cheb'' ma ọ bụ ''chaba''. == Ọrụ == Rachid Baba mepụtara abọm nke akpọrọ Rai Rebels, n'etiti ọtụtụ aha egwu ndị ọzọ a na-akwanyere ùgwù ewepụtara na United States na ebe ndị ọzọ. E deputara ka ọ na-ekwu, n'ihe gbasara nyocha egwu egwu na egwu ndị dị na albums iji mee ka ha kwesị ekwesị maka ndị na-ekiri Islam na-ekiri ya, "Na mmalite, m na-ahapụ cheb na-abụ okwu dị ka ọ chọrọ. Ugbu a, m na-akwụ ụgwọ. Mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ rụrụ arụ, m na-ekwu kwụsị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ naghị erube isi, m na-ebipụ ya n'oge ngwakọta." Baba nyeere ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri aka, gụnyere Chaba Fadela na Cheb Sahraoui. Egwu iri abụo na anọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke Ahmed dị na Tlemcen mepụtara pop-ra nke Algeria <ref>House of World Cultures. Chaba Fadela & Cheb Sahraoui. May 16, 2003. {{Cite web|url=http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?267|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2007-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626221654/http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?267|archivedate=2007-06-26}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == N'oge Agha Obodo Algeria, ndị Alakụba gburu ya na Febụwarị 15, 1995, n'èzí ụlọ ahịa ndekọ ya na Oran, [[Algeria]].<ref name="billboard">{{Cite journal|date=4 March 1995|title=Producer of Rai Music Killed in Algeria|journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=107|issue=9|issn=0006-2510}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye a na-elekwasị anya ogologo oge maka òtù ndị Alakụba n'ihi itinye aka na mmepụta nke egwu nwere isiokwu nke ịhụnanya na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.<ref name="billboard" /> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} ppetrg713igu6qm73t2s8jhdoehynr1 Sherin Guirguis 0 15452 743535 632593 2026-11-06T00:38:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sherin Guirguis''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1974 na Luxor, Egypt) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke bi na Los Angeles, [[California]]. Guirguis enweela ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na 18th Street Art Center (Santa Monica, California), The Third Line Gallery (Dubai), Shulamit Nazarian Gallery (Venice, California), na LAXART (Los Angeles).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sherin Guirguis|url=http://www.thethirdline.com/artists/sherin-guirguis/biography/|work=The Third Line|publisher=The Third Line|accessdate=19 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sherin Guirguis: El Biet El Kabeer|url=http://www.shulamitnazarian.com/exhibition/sherin-guirguis/|work=Shulamit Nazarian Gallery|publisher=Shulamit Nazarian Gallery|accessdate=19 March 2017|archivedate=2 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193814/https://www.shulamitnazarian.com/exhibition/sherin-guirguis/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sherin Guirguis, Qasr El-Shoaq, Apr 3 - May 8, 2010|url=http://laxart.org/exhibitions/view/sherin-guirguis-qasr-el-shoaq/#images|work=LAXART|publisher=LAXART|accessdate=19 March 2017|archivedate=2 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193813/https://laxart.org/exhibitions/view/sherin-guirguis-qasr-el-shoaq/#images}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Guirguis natara California Community Foundation Fellowship for Visual Artists nakwa 2014 Xi 15 City of Los Angeles Individual Artist Fellowsship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Fellowships for Visual Artists|url=http://my.calfund.org/artist-gallery/about/|work=California Community Foundation|publisher=California Community Foundation|accessdate=19 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217161407/http://my.calfund.org/artist-gallery/about/|archivedate=17 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=City of Los Angeles Individual Artist Fellowships|url=http://www.laweekly.com/event/city-of-los-angeles-individual-artist-fellowships-5558355|work=LA Weekly|publisher=LA Weekly|accessdate=19 March 2017}}</ref> A na-enweta ma ọ bụ na-edebe ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Orange County Museum of Arts, Las Vegas Art Museum, US Department of State, na Metropolitan Authority Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/2113704|title=Sherin Guirguis {{!}} LACMA Collections|work=collections.lacma.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-20|archivedate=2023-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193825/https://collections.lacma.org/node/2113704}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/111923|title=Mashrabeya {{!}} The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|work=www.mfah.org|accessdate=2017-03-20|archivedate=2023-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193820/https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/111923}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thethirdline.com/artists/sherin-guirguis/biography/|title=Sherin Guirguis {{!}} Artists {{!}} The Third Line {{!}} Art Gallery Dubai|work=www.thethirdline.com|accessdate=2019-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/20774/Las-Vegas-Art-Museum-Presents-Las-Vegas-Diaspora|title=Las Vegas Art Museum Presents Las Vegas Diaspora|work=artdaily.cc|accessdate=2020-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://art.state.gov/personnel/sherin_guirguis/|title=Sherin Guirguis – U.S. Department of State|work=art.state.gov|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193819/https://art.state.gov/personnel/sherin_guirguis/|archive-date=2023-01-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Guirguis bụ onye osote prọfesọ na Practice of Fine Art na Roski School of Art and Design na Mahadum nke Southern California.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sherin Guirguis|url=https://roski.usc.edu/community/faculty/sherin-guirguis|work=University of Southern California|publisher=University of Southern California|accessdate=19 March 2017}}</ref> Guirguis sitere na mmetụta nke mpaghara Western na Middle East dị ka a na-ahụ na usoro Mashrabiya ya nke nwere akara neon siri ike.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mohseni|first=Yasmine|title=Beyond the White Cube: Sherin Guirguis' Explosive New Series|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/yasmine-mohseni/sherin-guirguis_b_1327437.html|work=The Huffington Post|date=9 March 2012|accessdate=19 March 2017}}</ref> E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ngosi Desert X na Ndagwurugwu Coachella site na Febụwarị 25 na Eprel 30, 2017. Ụlọ ọrụ Aviation/Century maka usoro Metro Rail nke Los Angeles County gụnyere ihe osise ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lamag.com/driver/metro-crenshaw-line-artwork/|title=An Early Look at All the Artwork Coming to the Metro Crenshaw Line Los Angeles Magazine|author=Broverman|first=Neal|date=2018-01-22|work=Los Angeles Magazine|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == * Desert X (ìgwè), AlUla, (2019-2020) * Of Thorns and Love (solo), Craft and Folk Art Museum, Los Angeles, CA (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafam.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/|title=Craft Contemporary|work=www.cafam.org|accessdate=2020-03-09|archivedate=2023-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193814/http://www.cafam.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/}}</ref> * ''Ebe m bụ'' Placeless (naanị), 18th Street Arts Center, Los Angeles, CA (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://18thstreet.org/sherin-guirguis-placeless/|title=Sherin Guirguis: My Place is the Placeless|date=2017-03-28|work=18th Street Arts Center|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-09}}</ref> * El ''Beit El Kabir'' (naanị), Third Line Gallery, Dubai, UAE<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thethirdline.com/exhibitions/past/gallery-2-el-beit-el-kabir/|title=Gallery 2: El Beit El Kabir {{!}} Exhibitions {{!}} The Third Line {{!}} Art Gallery Dubai|work=www.thethirdline.com|accessdate=2020-03-09|archivedate=2023-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102193822/https://www.thethirdline.com/exhibitions/past/gallery-2-el-beit-el-kabir/}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g8g19tgerxvcu88rynp82h2g9laxjkx Tina Struthers 0 15719 743565 643880 2026-11-06T06:07:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tina Struthers''' (1977) bụ onye Canada na-ese akwa si Cape Town, South Africa. A maara ya màkà ákwà ya nke nwere akụkụ atọ na ihe ọkpụkpụ mgbasa ozi agwakọta yana ọrụ ya nke Mmekọrịta Ọdịbendị. == kụkọ ndụ == N'afọ 2008, Struthers na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Canada, nke mbụ gaa Ontario, wee mechaa biri na Quebec n'afọ 2011.<ref name="ASLI MAGAZINE" /> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara Montreal ka ukwuu. === Agụmakwụkwọ === * 19971999 Diploma na nkwurịta okwu ányá, nka márá mmá, Open Window Art Academy, Pretoria, South Africa * 19961997 Diploma na nka márá mmá mma, Open Window Art Academy, Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name="La Danse des mains video">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcCK1tm9rxY |title=𝘓𝘢 𝘥𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴 de l'artiste Tina Struthers |language=fr |publisher=les productions kinescope |time=2:43 |access-date=22 Sep 2020 |people=Josiane Farand}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata,<ref name="La Fabrique Culturelle" /><ref name="ASLI MAGAZINE" /> Struthers anọwo na-achịkọta akwa.<ref name="La Danse des mains video" /> Ákwà na-adọrọ mmasị Struthers n'ihi na ha nwèrè ụdị dị iche iche na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ọdịdị, na [[Àgwà|agba]]; ha na-ejikwa mmegharị ma bụrụ ihe na-adọta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile.<ref name="Unité dans la diversité cstrois site" /> Ọrụ Struther na-elekwasị anya na ọdịiche, njikọta, mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi,<ref name="LIGNES D'EAU" /> mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mbata.o na-anwa ijide mmiri, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbanwe n'ime ọrụ ya.<ref name="lodz catalogue" /> Mmasị Struther nwèrè na mmegharị nke ifufe, na oké osimiri, malitere mgbè ọ bụ nwata na South Africa.<ref name="I am attached to culture video" /><ref name="VIVA MÉDIA sep 2020" /> Ọ na-elegharị mmegharị mmadụ na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ ányá n'otu ụzọ ahụ ikuku na oké osimiri. Akụkụ nke mmasị ya na mbata na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ọ na-emetụta mbata nke ya site na South Africa gaa [[Kánada|Canada]]. === Ihe ngosi onwe onye ahọpụtara === * CODEX II, Mary E. Black Gallery, 2020, Halifax, Canada * CODEX, 2017 Ụlọ ngosi obodo, Dollard des Ormeaux, Canada * Iri isii na asaa, 2017, Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Canada * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] === Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ === * 16th International Triennial of Tapestry, 2019, Lodz, [[Poland]] * Contemporâneo, ihe ngosi nka akwa akwa nke mbà ụwa, 2019, [[Brazil]] * WorldTextile Association's International Biennial of Contemporary Textile Art; 2019, Madrid, Spain; 2017, Motevideo, Urgguay * Scythia, 12th International Biennial of Contemporary Textile Art, 2018, Ivano-Frankivsk, [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] * The Brain Project, 2017; 2016, Toronto, Canada * International Textile Biennial 2017, Kunststichting Perspektief vzw, Haacht, Belgium === Ọrụ Mmekọrịta Ọdịbendị ahọpụtara === Struthers etinyela áká ná ọrụ dị iche iche nke ọdịbendị na mpaghara Montreal ka ukwuu nke ndị ọbọdọ dị n'ebe ahụ kwadoro. === Ihe a tụrụ atụ n'ihu ọha === * Le Flux de L'Or Bleu, ihe eji akwa akwa akwa na Théâtre Paul-Émile Meloche 400 Avenue Saint-Charles, Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC, 2019 * Vibrer Ensemble Sculpture dị n'èzí Centre des Femmes la Moisson,321 Grand Boulevard, L'Île-Perrot, QC, 2019 * ''Ịdị n'otu n'ime'' ịdị iche iche, Ihe a tụrụ atụ na nkuku nke Avenue Saint Charles, na Boulevard Harwood okporo ụzọ 20, Obodo Vaudreuil-Dorion,2018 * Au Fil des Terres akwa akwa n'ime Regional Municipality Counsel Hall de Vaudreuil-Soulanges, 280 Boulevard Harwood, 2017 * Mon Nid Chez Moi, 23 panel akwa ntinye n'ime 3031/309 Boulevard de la Gare, Vaudreuil-Dorion QC, 2015 * Plus Haut Plus Loin, ihe a tụrụ atụ n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo, 2555 Rue Dutrisac, Vaudreuil-Dorion, 2015 * Travaillons Ensemble, sculpture na nkuku nke Avenue Saint charles na rue Paul Gerin-Lajoie, Vaudreuil-Dorion QC, 2016 na Monika Brinkman & Mozaik * Au Coeur de ma Communauté, n'èzí mgbidi, Avenue Saint Charles Vaudreuil-Dorion QC, 2015 na Monica Brinkman. == Ònyìnyé == * Onye na-ese ihe nke Afọ 1996 Merit Award, Pretoria, South-Africa, South African Art Society * Ideau Partnership Award 2020 maka La Danse des Mains == Edensibia == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="VIVA MÉDIA sep 2020">{{cite web |last1=Delisle |first1=Par Myriam |title=Vaudreuil-Dorion: La ville pilote à l’œuvre |url=https://www.viva-media.ca/la-voix-regionale-vaudreuil-soulanges/culture-vs/arts-visuels-vs/vaudreuil-dorion-la-ville-pilote-a-loeuvre/ |website=VIVA MÉDIA |accessdate=19 September 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=10 October 2014 |archivedate=30 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930061409/https://www.viva-media.ca/la-voix-regionale-vaudreuil-soulanges/culture-vs/arts-visuels-vs/vaudreuil-dorion-la-ville-pilote-a-loeuvre/ }}</ref> <ref name="lodz catalogue">{{cite book |title=16th International Triennal of Tapestry : "Breaching borders" |date=2019 |publisher=Centralne Muzeum Włókiennictwa w Łodzi = Central Museum of Textiles in Łódź |location=Łódź |isbn=9788360146736 |pages=136–137}}</ref> <ref name="I am attached to culture video">{{cite web |title=I Am Attached to the Culture |url=https://kinescope.ca/portfolio/?lang=en |website=Kinescope |publisher=Kinescope Productions |accessdate=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814001917/https://kinescope.ca/portfolio/?lang=en |archive-date=14 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Unité dans la diversité cstrois site">{{cite web |title=Unité dans la diversité {{!}} Services administratifs |url=https://www.cstrois-lacs.qc.ca/services-administratifs/cite-des-jeunes-unite-dans-la-diversite |website=www.cstrois-lacs.qc.ca}}</ref> <ref name="ASLI MAGAZINE">{{cite journal |title=Tina Struthers creates a textile sculpture to address the importance of education for girls |journal=ASLI MAGAZINE - creating change |date=10 April 2015 |url=https://artsaveslivesintmagazine.com/2015/04/10/tina-struthers-creates-a-textile-sculpture-to-address-the-importance-of-education-for-girls/ |accessdate=21 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="LIGNES D'EAU">{{cite news |last1=Brisson |first1=Jessica |title=LIGNES D'EAU – Projet de médiation culturelle pour les citoyens qui ont été touchés par les inondations {{!}} Vaudreuil-Soulanges – Néomedia |url=https://www.neomedia.com/vaudreuil-soulanges/actualites/culturel/345952/lignes-deau-projet-de-mediation-culturelle-pour-les-citoyens-qui-ont-ete-touches-par-les-inondations |work=Vaudreuil-Soulanges |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="La Fabrique Culturelle">{{cite AV media | people = | date = 17 October 2017 | title = Sophie Cadieux à Formule Diaz | trans-title = | medium = xmpeg | language = French | url = https://www.lafabriqueculturelle.tv/capsules/10196/sophie-cadieux-a-formule-diaz-les-capsules-de-la-fabrique-16-octobre | access-date = 22 September 2020 | archive-url = | archive-date = | format = 720 x 1280 | time = 3:09-4:45 | location = | publisher = La Fabrique Culturelle | id = 6157154954001 | isbn = | oclc = | quote = | ref = }}</ref> }</ref>}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.ville.vaudreuil-dorion.qc.ca/en/recreation-and-culture/cultural-life/cultural-mediation obodo vaudreuil-dorion Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Cultural Mediation]  [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6q0d8ocbqyte4lngotqxqkr1z91glaj Souhir Ben Amara 0 15829 743545 723759 2026-11-06T02:07:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Souhir Ben Amara''' (a mụrụ na 27 Nọvemba 1985) bụ onye Tunisia na-eme ihe nkiri. == Akụkọ ndụ == Nwa nwanyị nke onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ, ọ biri na Paris ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ isii tupu ọ kwaga Tunisia. N'inwe mmasị na nka site na nwata, ọ bụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii ka o kpebiri ime ya ọrụ ya n'ezie. Nna Ben Amara dara ọrịa n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na nsọpụrụ. O were otu afọ, wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Higher Institute of Multimedia Arts na La Manouba, ebe ọ natara diplọma audiovisual. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye nduzi site na ọzụzụ, Ben Amara lekwasịrị anya n'ime ihe nkiri kemgbe nnukwu ọrụ ya.<ref name="tunivisions">{{Cite web|title=Souhir Ben Amara (album photos)|url=http://www.tunivisions.net/42783/564/548/souhir-ben-amara-album-photos.html|work=Tunivisions|accessdate=11 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518072406/http://www.tunivisions.net/42783/564/548/souhir-ben-amara-album-photos.html|archivedate=18 May 2013|language=French|date=12 April 2013}}</ref> Ọrụ ya malitere na telivishọn na usoro ''Maktoub'' na ''Choufli Hal'' n'afọ 2008. Ọ pụtara dịka Maliha na ''Min Ayam Mliha'' n'afọ 2010. Ben Amara mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na Always Brando (2011), nke Ridha Béhi duziri. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe atụ nke Zena ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara na nkeji ikpeazụ mgbe onye nduzi ahụ enweghị mmasị na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahọpụtara maka ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="tunivisions"/> N'afọ 2012, Ben Amara mere Aicha na Millefeuille, nke Nouri Bouzid duziri, na-ekwu maka nsogbu na hijab.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Luciani|first=Noémie|title="Millefeuille" : le voile, sans trop de débat|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2013/06/04/millefeuille-le-voile-sans-trop-de-debat_3422853_3246.html|accessdate=11 November 2020|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=4 June 2013|language=French}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ọ rụrụ ọrụ Donia na miniseries ''Yawmiyat Imraa'' .<ref>{{Cite news|title=Souhir Ben Amara: La femme et l'actrice se livre au HuffPost Tunisie|url=https://tn24.tn/ar/article/souhir-ben-amara-la-femme-et-l-actrice-se-livre-au-huffpost-tunisie-8283|accessdate=11 November 2020|work=TN24|date=20 August 2018|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112195838/https://tn24.tn/ar/article/souhir-ben-amara-la-femme-et-l-actrice-se-livre-au-huffpost-tunisie-8283|archive-date=12 November 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Ben Amara pụtara na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akụkọ ihe mere mere eme Kingdoms of Fire .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le feuilleton "Kingdoms of fire" en tournage en Tunisie|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2019/02/13/le-feuilleton-kingdoms-of-fire-en-tournage-en-tunisie/|work=Kapitalis|accessdate=11 November 2020|language=French|date=13 February 2013}}</ref> O nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na Sortilège (2019), nke Ala Eddine Slim duziri.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ala Eddine Slim, Souhir Ben Amara présentent " Sortilège " : un voyage hypnotique au coeur du désert tunisien|url=https://culture.tv5monde.com/cinema/l-invite/ala-eddine-slim-souhir-ben-amara-presentent-sortilege-un-voyage-hypnotique-au-coeur|accessdate=11 November 2020|work=TV5Monde|date=15 February 2020|language=French|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209045604/https://culture.tv5monde.com/cinema/l-invite/ala-eddine-slim-souhir-ben-amara-presentent-sortilege-un-voyage-hypnotique-au-coeur|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ihe odide ya dọtara mmasị ya, onye ya na-ezute onye agha ahụ mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọhịa. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na Cannes Film Festival, ọ kpọkwara ihe nkiri ahụ ihe nkiri nke nghọta.<ref name="kheder">{{Cite news|author=Kheder|first=Raouia|title=Femme du mois: Souhir Ben Amara : " Je suis réalisatrice de formation, mais l’actrice en moi s’est imposée d’elle-même"|url=https://femmesdetunisie.com/femme-du-mois-souhir-ben-amara-je-suis-realisatrice-de-formation-mais-lactrice-en-moi-sest-imposee-delle-meme/|accessdate=11 November 2020|work=Femmes de Tunisie|date=22 November 2019|language=French|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019043033/https://femmesdetunisie.com/femme-du-mois-souhir-ben-amara-je-suis-realisatrice-de-formation-mais-lactrice-en-moi-sest-imposee-delle-meme/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ben Amara kwadoro Arab Spring ma sonye na ihe omume ahụ, mana ọ na-ewe iwe na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị zuru uche ndị mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Souhir Ben Amara : " Les politiques ont volé le rêve des Tunisiens "|url=https://www.elle.fr/Societe/Interviews/Souhir-Ben-Amara-Les-politiques-ont-vole-le-reve-des-Tunisiens-2458117|accessdate=11 November 2020|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|language=French}}</ref> Ọ na-emegide iwu cannabis mana ọ na-akwado ibelata ntaramahụhụ metụtara ya. O kwuru na ọrụ ya kachasị mma ga-abụ nke nwa okorobịa.<ref name="tunivisions"/> == Ihe nkiri == ; Ihe nkiri * 2011 : Always Brando : Zena * 2012 : Otu puku ''akwụkwọ'' : Aïcha * 2014 : ''Tafkik'' * 2017 : ''El Jaida'' * 2018 : Siesta Crow * 2019 : Ịgba afa * 2020 : Tlamess ; Telivishọn * 2008 : ''Maktoub'' : Lili * 2008 : ''Choufli Hal'' * 2009 : ''Achek Assarab'' : Fatma * 2010 : ''Min Ayam Mliha'' : Maliha * 2012 : ''Dipanini'' * 2013 : ''Yawmiyat Imraa'' : Donia Ben Amor * 2014 : ''Dragunov'' * 2015 : ''Anna na Yusuf'' * 2015 : ''Ebe a na-etinye mmiri'' Chak : Linda * 2015 : Akụkọ Tunisia : Sandra * 2016 : ''Onye isi ala'' * 2016-2017 : Flashback * 2016 : Bolice 2.0 * 2017 : Onye na-akpụ isi * 2019 : ''Alaeze'' nke Ọkụ : Hafsa Sultan == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [[imdbname:4060983|Souhir Ben Amara]] na Internet Movie Database * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220808112640/http://www.souhir-benamara.com/EN/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o2jzfjdpohyth68dbv8mq992a7czb95 William Villalongo 0 15997 743595 724008 2026-11-06T11:11:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''William Villalongo''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1975) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ na eserese, obibi akwụkwọ, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na nka ntinye.<ref name="Jenne">{{Cite web|author=Jenne|first=Ginger|title=‘Outside My Name or Through Other Eyes’ Reinterprets the Harlem Renaissance and American Modernism|url=https://today.uconn.edu/school-stories/outside-name-eyes-exhibit-reinterprets-harlem-renaissance-american-modernism/#|work=UCONN Today|accessdate=5 April 2019|date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> N'ịbụ ónyé bi na Brooklyn, New York, Villalongo bụ osote prọfesọ na Cooper Union School of Art na New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cooper.edu/art/people/william-villalongo|title=William Villalongo {{!}} The Cooper Union|work=cooper.edu|accessdate=2019-07-29}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Villalongo na Hollywood, Florida, nnà Puerto Rican na nné African-American.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://aldianews.com/articles/culture/being-afro-latino-being-between-two-places/51804|title="Being Afro-Latino is being between two places"|author=Rodés|first=Andrea|date=February 22, 2018|work=AL DÍA News|accessdate=2019-02-12|language=en}}</ref> Nnè na Nna ya kewara mgbè ọ bụ nwata ma zụlite ya na Bridgeton, New Jersey.<ref name=":0" /> Villalongo nwetara nzere Bachelor of Fine Arts site na The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art na 1999.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.inglettgallery.com/artists/william-villalongo|title=Susan Inglett Gallery {{!}} William Villalongo|work=www.inglettgallery.com|accessdate=2019-02-12}}</ref> Ọ gàrà n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya site n'inweta Masters of Fine Art na Tyler School of Art na Mahadum Temple n'afọ 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yale University School of Art: William Villalongo|url=http://art.yale.edu/WilliamVillalongo|work=art.yale.edu|accessdate=2016-02-13|archive-date=2016-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206135549/http://art.yale.edu/WilliamVillalongo|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmetụta == Ọrụ Villallongo na-elekwasịkarị ányá na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ihichapụ akụkọ ihe méré eme, na-elekwasịrị ányá na nyocha nka nke akụkọ ihe mere anya nke Western, American, na Africa.<ref name="Jenne"/><ref name="Cooper">{{Cite web|url=https://cooper.edu/art/people/william-villalongo|title=William Villalongo|work=The Cooper Union|accessdate=2018-07-25}}</ref> Ónyé na-ese ihe na-ekwu na ebumnuche ya màkà nyocha ndị a sitere na akụkọ ihe méré eme nke West nke "iwere ihe nka Africa ma tinye ha n'akụkụ sofa iji chọọ ya mma, ọ bụ ezie na nke ahụ abụghị ebumnuche ha. Anyị na-echegbu onwe anyị banyéré itinye akụkọ, akụkọ. "<ref name=":0"/> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Villalongo egosila na United States niile. Ihe ngosi ya n'onwe ya gụnyere Mahadum Connecticut Contemporary Art Galleries; Rosenwald-Wolf Gallery na Mahadum nke Arts Philadelphia; Scarfone-Hartley Gallery na Machịum Tampa, Florida, nà Harvey B. Gantt Center for African-American Arts and Culture ná Charlotte, North Carolina.<ref name="Jenne"/><ref name="Valentine2017">{{Cite news|author=Valentine|first=Victoria L.|title=New Season, New Art: Fall Begins with 45 Notable Exhibitions Featuring Works by Black Artists|url=https://www.culturetype.com/2017/09/30/new-season-new-art-fall-begins-with-45-must-see-exhibitions-featuring-works-by-black-artists/|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=Culture Type|date=September 30, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Bennett">{{Cite news|author=Bennett|first=Lennie|title=Artist William Villalongo collaborates with University of Tampa|url=http://www.tampabay.com/features/artist-william-villalongo-collaborates-with-university-of-tampa/2110153|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=Tampa Bay Times|date=March 23, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Gantt">{{Cite web|title=New Mythologies: William Villalongo October 26, 2013 - January 20, 2014|url=https://www.ganttcenter.org/exhibitions/new-mythologies-william-villalongo/|work=The Harvey B. Gantt Center for African-American Arts + Culture|accessdate=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228225501/http://www.ganttcenter.org/exhibitions/new-mythologies-william-villalongo/|archive-date=December 28, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> E tinyere ọrụ ya na nnukwu ònyínyé nye nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Studio Museum na Harlem na 2018 site n'aka Ónyé nchịkọta Peggy Cooper Cafritz.<ref name="Valentine">{{Cite news|author=Valentine|first=Victoria L.|title=Historic Bequest: Late Arts Patron Peggy Cooper Cafritz Gifted 650+ Works of Art to the Studio Museum in Harlem and Duke Ellington School of the Arts|url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/10/10/historic-bequest-late-arts-patron-peggy-cooper-cafritz-gifted-650-works-of-art-to-the-studio-museum-in-harlem-and-duke-ellington-school-of-the-arts/|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=Culture Type|date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> Villalongo bụ otu n'ime ndị omenkà irí anọ na abụọ nyéré aka n'ọrụ na Sotheby's auction na-edekọ ihe ndekọ iji kwado iwu ụlọ ọhụrụ maka Studio Museum, nke ga-adị na 125th Street.<ref name="Halio">{{Cite news|author=Halio|first=Grace|title=42 Artists Donate Works to Sotheby’s Auction Benefitting the Studio Museum in Harlem|url=http://www.artnews.com/2018/05/03/42-artists-donate-works-sothebys-auction-benefitting-studio-museum-harlem/|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=ArtNews|date=May 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sotheby">{{Cite news|author=Valentine|first=Victoria|title=Studio Museum in Harlem Sale Raises $20.2 Million at Sotheby’s, Yields 24 Artist Records|url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/05/22/studio-museum-in-harlem-sale-raises-20-2-million-at-sothebys-yields-24-artist-records/|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=Culture Type|date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi otu na El Museo del Barrio na New York City; Weatherspoon Art Museum na Greensboro, North Carolina; Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland; na, Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts, New York City.<ref name="Cotter">{{Cite news|author=Cotter|first=Holland|title=Art Currents Flow Two Ways in Pan-American City, U.S.A.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/16/arts/design/16nexus.html|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=The New York Times|date=October 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Art on Paper 2012: The 42nd Exhibition|url=http://weatherspoon.uncg.edu/exhibitions/show/?title=art-on-paper-2012-the-42nd-exhibition|work=Weatherspoon Art Museum|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Stocks & Bonds|url=http://weatherspoon.uncg.edu/collections/show?id=7002|work=Weatherspoon Art Museum|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside Out and From the Ground Up|url=https://www.mocacleveland.org/exhibitions/inside-out-and-ground|work=MOCACleveland|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts Welcomes Visitors to its Open Studios, October 19–21|url=https://hyperallergic.com/405036/the-elizabeth-foundation-for-the-arts-welcome-visitors-to-its-open-studios-october-19-21-2017/|accessdate=6 April 2019|work=Hypoallergenic|date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> Enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ ahụ na nchịkọta nke Baltimore Museum of Art; Denver Art Museum; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; Princeton University Art Museum; Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University; Studio Museum na Harlem, NYC; Toledo Museum of Art, Weatherspoon Museum of Art.<ref name=":2"/> O bipụtakwala ọrụ ya na ESOPUS irí abụọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist’s Project: William Villalongo|url=https://www.esopus.org/contents/view/355|work=ESOPUS 22 (Spring 2015)|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Lippy">{{Cite web|author=Lippy|first=Tod|title=Esopus 22|url=http://www.artbook.com/9780989911719.html|work=Artbook|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref> === Ọrụ nhazi: Black Pulp! === N'afọ 2016, Villalongo jikọtara Black Pulp!, ihe ngosi na-agagharị agagharị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị afọ nke mmepụta ihe oyiyi Black site n'aka ndị na-ebipụta Black, ndị na-ese ihe Black na ndị na-abụghị ndị Black, ya na ónyé na-ese egwu Mark Thomas Gibson.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.villalongostudio.com/curatorial-2016-black-pulp|title=Curatorial: 2016 - Black Pulp|work=William Villalongo|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-13}}</ref> A na-akpọ ihe ngosi ahụ màkà pulp, akwụkwọ dị ọnụ ala nke e ji ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ mpịakọta, na ihe ndị ọzọ e biri ebi na narị afọ nke irí na itoolu na nke irí abụọ wee mee ka nkwurịta okwu buru ibu nwee ike.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://whyy.org/articles/history-increased-african-american-visibility-self-determination-black-pulp/|title=A history of increased African-American visibility, self-determination in ‘Black Pulp!’|first=Cei|author=Bell|date=February 28, 2018|work=WHYY|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-20}}</ref> N'ime narị afọ ndị a, ihe oyiyi nke ndị Africa America nke pụtara na akwụkwọ pulp nke ndị ọcha America mepụtara ma kesaa na-abụkarị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.<ref name=":3" /> N'ihi ya, ndị isi ojii jiri "black pulp" mee ihe iji lụso ngosipụta agbụrụ ndị a ọgụ na iji mee ka nkwurịta okwu dị n'ime na banyéré njirimara ndị isi ojii dị mfe.<ref name=":3" /> == Ònyínyé == * 2005, Louis Comfort Tiffany Award<ref name="Mission">{{Cite news|title=William Villalongo|url=https://themissionprojects.com/artist/WilliamVillalongo|accessdate=5 April 2019|work=The Mission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=William Villalongo|url=http://louiscomforttiffanyfoundation.org/artists_2005/william_villalongo/bio.html|work=Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref> * 2006, Onyinye nke Joan Mitchell Foundation Painters & Sculptor<ref name="Mission" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.villalongostudio.com/ William Villalongo] {{Authority control}} t57q6fk9douuu28qz2zovh6x4biuqaa Wasila Diwura-Soale 0 16253 743592 642083 2026-11-06T10:32:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasila Diwura-Soale''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1996) bụ onye Ghana na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka [[Footbọl|onye]] na-agba ọsọ n'etiti ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Amoh|first=Rosalind K.|date=13 September 2021|title=Black Queens in Lagos for Aisha Buhari Tournament|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/black-queens-in-lagos-for-aisha-buhari-tournament.html|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Black Queens coach calls 38 players for camping|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/black-queens-coach-calls-38-players-for-camping|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=www.ghanafa.org|publisher=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Diwura-Soale gbara Ghana bọọlụ na U-17 n'afọ 2012 ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ndị Black Maidens nke nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ na 2012 World Cup na Azerbaijan. O gosiputara maka otu Ghana U-20, Black Princesses, na 2014 na 2016 World Cup na [[Kánada|Canada]] na Papua New [[Guinea]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Ghanaian female footballer Wasila Diwura-Soale makes waves in US football|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Ghanaian-female-footballer-Wasila-Diwura-Soale-makes-waves-in-US-football-1095259|accessdate=7 October 2021|work=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Diwura-Soale malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya na Ghana Women's Premier League club Hasaacas Ladies . N'oge ọ nọ na klọb ahụ, ọ meriri league n'ime oge atọ n'usoro n'etiti afọ 2012 na 2015.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|author=|date=28 December 2015|title=Ghana Women's Football League: Hasaacas retain league title|url=https://www.africanews.com/2015/12/28/ghana-women-s-football-league-hasaacas-retain-league-title/|accessdate=7 October 2021|work=Africanews|publisher=AfricaNews}}</ref> N'oge ya, ya na ndị egwuregwu dị ka [[Jennifer Cudjoe]], Janet Egyir, [[Elizabeth Cudjoe]] na Lily Niber-Lawrence na-egwuri egwu.<ref name=":7" /> == Ọrụ kọleji == === Navarro Bulldogs, 2017-2018 === N'afọ 2017, Diwura-Soale kwagara [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] n'azụ arụmọrụ ya na Ghana U20 na 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup . Ọ sonyeere Navarro College na Corsicana, [[Texas]], maka onye isi nchịkwa Alicia Wilson. Wilson mere ka Diwura-Soale kwenye ịchụso nzere dịka akụkụ nke nkwadebe ya maka ịga ọkachamara mgbe ọ chọrọ ịchụso ọrụ bọọlụ ọkachamara ozugbo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Koch|first=Kirby|date=2020-10-27|title=Soccer is Everything to Wasila Diwura-Soale|url=https://lsusports.net/news/2020/10/27/soccer-is-everything-to-wasila-diwura-soale/|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=LSU|publisher=LSU Athletics Communications|language=en-US}}</ref> N'oge mbụ ya, o nwetara akara 36 na egwuregwu ahụ ka ọ gbara goolu 12 gụnyere goolu mmeri egwuregwu 4 ma nye aka 12 na egwuregwu 17.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasila Diwura NJCAA 2017 Profile|url=https://www.njcaa.org/sports/wsoc/2017-18/div1/players/wasiladiwuradqpz?view=profile|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=NJCAA}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ meziwanyere n'oge gara aga site n'inweta akara 52 site na goolu 18 gụnyere goolu mmeri 5 na 16 nyere aka na egwuregwu 19 iji nyere ha aka iru National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasila Diwura NJCAA 2018 Profile|url=https://www.njcaa.org/sports/wsoc/2018-19/div1/players/wasiladiwura1qn8|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=NJCAA}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Ọrụ ya kachasị ama ama bụ na 5 Septemba 2018 mgbe ọ gbara goolu ise ma nye aka atọ na mmeri 11 na North East Texas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Wasila Diwura - 2019 - Women's Soccer|url=https://lamarcardinals.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/wasila-diwura/4949|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=Lamar University Athletics|language=en}}</ref> N'ime afọ abụọ ọ nọrọ na ''Bulldogs'', ọ bụ ugboro abụọ, NJCAA First Team All-American, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ naanị onye egwuregwu Navarro nke atọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme iji nweta nsọpụrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-11|title=2017 NJCAA Division I Women's Soccer All-America Teams|url=https://njcaa.org/sports/wsoc/2017-18/div1/all-americans/index|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=NJCAA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-05|title=2018 NJCAA Division I Women's Soccer All-America Teams|url=https://njcaa.org/sports/wsoc/2018-19/div1/all-americans/index|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=NJCAA|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=13 August 2021|title=LSU's New Graduate: Diwura-Soale Will Play In Fall|work=Navarro Bull Dogs|url=https://navarrobulldogs.com/sports/wsoc/2021-22/releases/081321-LSU-s_New_Graduate-_Diwura-Soale_Will_Play_In_Fall|accessdate=6 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> N'ozuzu ya, o nwetara akara iri asatọ na asatọ, goolu iri atọ, goolu itoolu na-emeri egwuregwu ma nye aka iri abụọ na asatọ na egwuregwu iri atọ na isii n'oge abụọ ya na Navarro.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, o mere Navarro College President na Dean list maka ihe ọmụmụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=22 May 2018|title=Navarro College announces spring President’s and Dean’s Lists|url=https://www.corsicanadailysun.com/news/navarro-college-announces-spring-president-s-and-dean-s-lists/article_bd6f7750-5dd7-11e8-bf3b-d35c81ce0d95.html|accessdate=7 October 2021|work=Corsicana Daily Sun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007114718/https://www.corsicanadailysun.com/news/navarro-college-announces-spring-president-s-and-dean-s-lists/article_bd6f7750-5dd7-11e8-bf3b-d35c81ce0d95.html|archive-date=7 October 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Lamar Lady Cardinals, 2019 === Mgbe oge abụọ ya na Navarro gasịrị, ọ gafere na Mahadum Lamar ebe ọ sonyeere Lamar Lady Cardinals na 2019.<ref name=":6" /> O nwere mmalite dị mma na Lamar site na ịmalite na egwuregwu anọ mbụ ma nye otu enyemaka mana oge ya belatara mgbe ọ nwetasịrị mmerụ ahụ nke akụkụ ahụ kwadoro ya maka oge fọdụrụ na 2019.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> N'oge ọ na-agbake, ọ tụlere ịhapụ bọọlụ.<ref name=":1" /> === LSU Tigers, 2020 === N'ọnwa Mee 2020, ọ gafere na Mahadum Steeti Louisiana wee sonye na ndị otu LSU Tigers, na-aghọ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Afrịka mbụ na-egwuri egwu maka Tigers.<ref name=":1" /> O nwere mmetụta ozugbo na otu ahụ na oge mbụ ya, na-egwu egwuregwu 19 ka ọ na-enyere aka 4, nke kachasị elu na otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title=Wasila Diwura-Soale Roster Profile|url=https://lsusports.net/roster/wasila-diwura-soale/|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=LSU}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Steeti Louisiana na nzere bachelọ na Humanities na Social Science.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Appiah|first=Samuel Ekow Amoasi|date=16 August 2021|title=Black Queens midfielder Wasila Diwura-Soale graduates from Louisiana State University|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1098352/black-queens-midfielder-wasila-diwura-soale-gradua.html|accessdate=6 October 2021|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === Ndị ntorobịa === Diwura-Soale mere nke mbụ ya na Ghana maka ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa n'afọ 2012.<ref name=":6" /> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, Diwura-Soale so n'òtù Ghana na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa bụ ndị mechara bụrụ ndị nke atọ site n'ịkụ Germany n'egwuregwu nke atọ na 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup na [[Azerbaijan]].<ref name=":4" /> Na asọmpi ahụ, ọ gbara ise n'ime egwuregwu isii.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=W. Soale - Profile with news, career statistics and history|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/268222/|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=Soccerway}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Under-20 nke gbara na 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup na [[Kánada|Canada]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|author=Shardow|first=Ameenu|date=12 July 2014|title=Princesses leave for U20 Women's World Cup - African Football - Ghana - Women|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/438756/Princesses-leave-for-U20-Womens-World-Cup|accessdate=7 October 2021|work=African Football}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, Diwura-Soale rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na 2015 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, nyere Ghana aka iru eru maka 2016 FIFA U-20 Womenʼs World Cup na Papua New Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=28 September 2015|title=Black Princesses secure vital away victory over Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/black-princesses-secure-vital-away-victory-over-equatorial-guinea|accessdate=7 October 2021|work=www.ghanafa.org|publisher=Ghana Football Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=12 October 2015|title=Ghana’s Princesses shine past Equatorial Guinea into final round|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/ghana-s-princesses-shine-past-equatorial-guinea-into-final-round|accessdate=2021-10-07|work=CAFOnline.com|publisher=CAF-Confedération Africaine du Football|language=en}}</ref> O mere ndị otu ikpeazụ maka iko ụwa ma gbaa bọọlụ n'egwuregwu atọ niile dị ka e wepụrụ Ghana n'oge ahụ.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> === Onye Ukwu === N'ọnwa Julaị 2016, Yusif Basigi kpọrọ Diwura-Soale ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị okenye maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 July 2016|title=Germany to host Queens July 22|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports-news/germany-to-host-queens-july-22.html|accessdate=7 October 2021|work=Graphic Online|publisher=[[Graphic Communications Group Limited]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2016, o mere nke mbụ ya maka Black Queens na mmeri ihere 11 na Germany, ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ, gbara nkeji iri ise na otu tupu a dochie ya Mary Essiful.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 July 2016|title=Germany vs. Ghana Match Report|url=https://gh.soccerway.com/matches/2016/07/22/world/friendly-women/germany/ghana/2239521/|accessdate=6 October 2021|work=Soccerway}}</ref> Mgbe afọ anọ nke mba ahụ gasịrị, Diwura-Soale nwetara oku ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mba kachasị elu na July 2021 n'ihu [[Aisha Buhari]] Cup na 2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations qualifiers megide Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Teye|first=Prince Narkortu|date=13 July 2021|title=Awcon Qualifier: Former Germany U19 striker Beckmann gets Ghana call-up for Nigeria showdown {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/awcon-qualifier-former-germany-u19-striker-beckmann-gets/6j7yoi18tdap16xazh4g0nhir|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2021|title=Diwura-Soale Headed To Ghana Senior Nationals Camp|work=Navarro College Athletics (Navarro Bulldogs)|publisher=LSU Sports Information|url=https://navarrobulldogs.com/sports/wsoc/2021-22/releases/091321-Diwura-Soale_Headed_To_Ghana_Senior_Nationals_Camp|accessdate=7 October 2021}}</ref> Ọ gbara egwuregwu mbụ nke Aisha Buhari Cup megide ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị South Africa na 17 Septemba 2021, nke Ghana meriri site na 3 Xing0.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Twaiah|first=Martin|date=2021-09-17|title=Aisha Buhari Cup: Portia Boakye, Opoku Sonia Start as Mercy Tagoe names strong Starting XI to face South Africa|url=https://ghanasportspage.com/aisha-buhari-cup-portia-boakye-opoku-sonia-start-as-mercy-tagoe-names-strong-starting-xi-to-face-south-africa/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=Ghana Sports Page|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Aisha Buhari Cup: This is how we line up against South Africa|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/aisha-buhari-cup-this-is-how-we-line-up-against-south-africa|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=www.ghanafa.org|publisher=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Ụmụ nwanyị Hasaacas''' * Ghana Women's Premier League: 201213 - 2013 - 2014 - 15<ref name=":7" /> '''Ghana U17''' * FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup nke atọ: 2012 == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Wasila Diwura-Soale at Soccerway * Wasila Diwura-Soale at Global Sports Archive * Wasila Diwura-Soale at WorldFootball.net [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h2pzvqmoxnxsyged9bgl8dqljmhnouu Sherif Sonbol 0 16371 743534 687956 2026-11-06T00:36:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Sherif Sonbol.jpg|thumb]]   '''Sherif Sonbol''' (amụrụ na Disemba 6, 1956 - Disemba 24, 2023) bụ onye [[Egypt]] na-ese foto. Ọ bu ọkachamara n'ihe owuwu, nka mara mma na foto. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Sonbol na Giza, Cairo, Egypt. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mkpuchi ihe onwunwe na Mahadum Cairo wee gaa Chartered Insurance Institute na [[London]]. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ Egypt Reinsurance dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'ụgbọ mmiri. N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1988, Sonbol kpebiri ịchụso otu n'ime ihe ndị na-atọ ya ụtọ - foto- ma nwalee ihu ọma ya na Al-Ahram, ebe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya. == Ọrụ == O were naanị ọnwa ole na ole ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese foto oge niile na Al-Ahram n'okpuru nkwado nke Antoun Albert. N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọkachamara na ewu ewu na Al-Ahram, otu oge Sonbol hụrụ mkpa ọ dị ịhapụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ka American Embassy wee were ya dịka onye na-ese foto. Ọnọdụ a emesịghị pụta ìhè mana American Embassy tinyere ya na ngalaba kọmputa ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-enye ọzụzụ kọmputa maka ndị ọhụrụ.<ref name="EmbassyJob">At that time (early-mid '80s) the use of [[computers]] and [[word processors]] was not as widespread as it is nowadays.</ref> O jisiri ike jikọta ọrụ ndị a na ọrụ ya na New Cairo Opera House, ebe ọ nọ na-ese foto kemgbe o meghere ọnụ ụzọ ya na 1988. N'ikpeazụ, Sonbol gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya na American Embassy wee laghachi Al-Ahram; n'oge ọ gara na Al-Ahrama Weekly. Ọ nọrọ afọ isii dị ka onye isi na-ese foto nke Kalam-El-Nass. N'afọ ikpeazụ ya n'ebe ahụ, ọrụ magazin Maraya-El-Nass hụrụ ìhè.<ref name="Maraya">An unsuccessful advertisement strategy resulted in Maraya-El-Nass having to close its doors a few years later.</ref> Nke a bụ magazin ime ụlọ nke otu ahụ dị ka Kalam-El-Nass. Ọrụ nka dị mkpa nke ọrụ ahụ bụ ịbụ onye edemede Moguib Rushdi na onwe ya, n'ihi ya, a kpọfere ya na magazin ọhụrụ ahụ. N'ebe a kwa, o jisiri ike "na-eme ka ntọala nke foto ime ụlọ Ijipt site na iji ìhè okike".<ref name="Editors">Afaaf Abu Zaahr & Ghada Abu Zahr, editors of "Mirrors" and Kalam-El-Nass magazines</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Sonbol na-ejikọta ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi na-ese foto na Al-Ahram Weekly na Cairo Opera House na ọrụ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Chief">Besides his regular photojournalism assignments, he is in charge of the main photograph of the ''Pack of Cards'' section of the newspaper (usually providing the image or selecting other relevant photographs) and also occasionally contributing with articles.</ref> Dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ nọrọ ọnwe ya, ọ na-enye aka mgbe ụfọdụ na mbipụta ndị ọzọ - gụnyere Kalam-El-Nass-. Ọ na-ekere òkè na mkpọsa foto na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na ebe ọdịnala dị mkpa dị ka Bibliotheca Alexandrina. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ihe ngosi dị iche iche n'ụwa niile ma bụrụ isiokwu nke thesis doctorate<ref name="NYTimes">[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/01/arts/photographer-s-brilliant-solos-inspired-by-the-dance.html New York Times October 2003], review and interview on occasion of Lincoln Center Exhibit.</ref><ref name="MWNF1">Currently his work is on display, for example, in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723213117/http://www.mwnftravels.net/travel_et_trailDetail.php?id=IAM;eg;1;en&fl=its Museum With No Frontiers exhibit "''Mamluk Art: The Splendor of the Sultans''"]</ref><ref name="Pol2">2012 Exhibit in Poland: article from [http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/25/44341/Arts--Culture/Visual-Art/The-quiet-passion-of-photographer-Sonbol-graces-Wa.aspx "Ahram Online"], in English</ref><ref name="Thesis1">Eszter Dobay, The Hungarian Moholy-Nagy Academy of Arts. Thesis title: “''On the portrayal of movement/action in photography''”</ref><ref name="Thesis2">Paula van Akkeren, Amsterdam. Thesis titles: “''What is the role of photography in Egypt''” and “''The relation between photography and art''”</ref> O nyela nzukọ ọmụmụ na AFCA (Académie Francophone Cairote des Arts) ma na-akụzi foto na Mahadum Ahram Canadian kemgbe afọ 2008.<ref name="Canadian">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171122195819/http://acu.edu.eg/ Ahram Canadian University´s official website].</ref> Site n'otu n'ime ọrụ onwe ya kachasị ọhụrụ, Sonbol na-anwa ime ka ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ na nke Arab dị nso iji kwalite nghọta na nkwurịta okwu ka mma.<ref name="World books">The project is moving slowly given the difficulty of finding proper sponsors.</ref> == Usoro na ụdị == * Otu n'ime akara ahịa Sonbol bụ ojiji o ji ìhè dịnụ; usoro ọ mepụtara n'okpuru agbamume nke Antoun Albert.<ref name="EgyptToday">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091108160619/http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6341 Egypt Today February 2006], article on the history of Photography in Egypt.</ref> * Mmetụta dị nkọ nke oge bụkwa ihe e ji mara ihe oyiyi ya. Nke a pụtara ìhè karịsịa na ballet shots ya na The New York Times zoro aka na ya dị ka "otu ''anya dị nkọ''" na-agbakwụnye ''na'' "Ọbụna mgbe Sonbol lekwasịrị anya na ịnọ jụụ, ọ na-egosipụta okwu ''Martha Graham'' na nkwụsịtụ abụghị ọnọdụ kama "omume mmezu". "<ref name="NYTimes"/> Sonbol zụlitere anya ya maka ịgba egwu n'okpuru nlekọta nke Erminia Gambarelli Kamel, onye bụbu prima ballerina na onye nduzi nka nke Cairo Opera House Ballet ugbu a.<ref name="NYTimes" /><ref name="EgyptToday" /> == Mmeghachi omume nkatọ == <blockquote>"Ọ dịghị ihe mara mma karịa igosipụta nka site na nka..." -Naguib Mahfouz, Nobel Laureate</blockquote><blockquote>"Ọ dị ụkọ bụ onye na-ese foto nke na-ele ụdị nka a ma ama ma gosipụta ya n'ìhè ọhụrụ. Mana foto egwu Sherif Sonbolī na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-ekpughe anya [na-egosi] anya dị nkọ... nke nwere ike isi n'okporo ámá dị n'elu ikpo okwu ma ọ bụ site na nku, na-ewepụkarị ọdịdị n'ime ụcha na-agbawa agbawa. " -Anna Kisselgoff, New York Times<ref name="NYTimes"/></blockquote><blockquote>"Onye na-ese ihe<ref name="Kenaan">Featured in Sonbol's catalogues, this special message was originally delivered by Mounir Kenaan's wife, author Sanaa El-Beissy.</ref><ref name="Kenaan2">In 2001, Mounir Kenaan wrote: “''A real artist is when you can recognize his work, without seeing his signature. Sonbol’s photos are like that. When I see a photo taken by Sherif Sonbol, I know immediately it’s his, without seeing his name. He surpassed the impossible. Sonbol, whose endless passion and near-obsession for learning, it is no wonder that he is now the “master’ of all photography masters in ballet –'' " [http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/422715 Al Masry Al Youm English edition article "The Camera Dancer"]</ref> eruola n'elu ọrụ ya mgbe enwere ike ịmata ọrụ ya n'edeghị mbinye aka ya..." -Mounir Kenaan, onye na-ese foto Ijipt.</blockquote> == Akwụkwọ == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sherifsonbol.com/books.html|title=Sherif Sonbol Photography|author=Sonbol|first=Sherif|work=www.sherifsonbol.com|accessdate=2018-07-25}}</ref> * Opera 1988-1993, (Cairo ''Opera'' House 1993) * ''Aida'', (Cairo Opera House 1999) * Fero nke Anyanwụ: Akhenaten : Nefertiti : Tutankhamen, (Bullfinch & Boston Museum for Fine Arts 1999, ISBN & ) ''Onye nyere aka''. * Swan Lake maka Ụmụaka, (Cairo Opera House, 2000) * ''Mulid! Ememme Okpukpe'', (AUC, 2001, ISBN & ) * Mamluk Art: The Splendor and Magic of the Sultans (Museum with No Frontiers & Transatlantic, 2001, ISBN & ) * The Pharaohs, (Bompiani Arte & Thames and Hudson, 2002, ) ''Onye isi'' na-enye aka. * ''Der Turmbau Zu Babel'' * ''40 Pyramids nke Ijipt na ndị agbata obi ha'', (Cyperus, 2005, ) * ''40 Pyramids nke Ijipt na ndị agbata obi ha'', Arabic version (Al Hayaa Al Masriya Al-Aama Lel Ketab, 2005, ) * ''Obí Eze na Obodo'' Ijipt, (Abrams Inc & AUC, 2006) * Chọọchị Ijipt: Site na njem nke Ezinụlọ Nsọ ruo n'ụbọchị a, (AUC, 2007, ISBN & ). Mbipụta nke abụọ, AUC, 2012 * Arts of the City Victorious (Yale University, 2008) ''Onye isi'' na-enye aka. * [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] na Monasticism na Wadi al-Natrun: Essays from the 2002 International Symposium of the Saint Mark Foundation and the Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite Coptic Society, Edited by Maged S.A. Mikhail & Mark Moussa, (AUC, 2009,) Cover image. * ''Opera 1988 2008'' (Cairo Opera House, 2009) * Al-Tahra Palace, A Gem in a Majestic Garden (CULTNAT / Bibliotheca Alexandrina, 2009, ) * The Nile Cruise, an Illustrated Journey (AUC, 2010, ISBN & ) * Ihe ịtụnanya nke Ụlọ Nsọ Horus: Ụda na Ìhè nke Edfu (AUC, 2011, ISBN & 978-977-638 (900-7). Okwu Mmalite nke Zahi Hawass * The History and Religious Heritage of Old Cairo: Ebe E wusiri ike ya, Churches, Synagogue, and Mosque (AUC, 2013) == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.sherifsonbol.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sherif Sonbol] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140502000102/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/ Al Ahram Weekly] * [http://english.ahram.org.eg Ahram Online] * [http://www.cairoopera.org Ụlọ Egwuregwu Cairo] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 06p621bbt7j4gicx695f22w90sw2ly9 Laïla Marrakchi 0 16962 743564 90831 2026-11-06T06:01:12Z PaulLim11 60237 Image 743564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|useImage=Laïla Marrakchi at TAFFF 2026-4.jpg}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Laila Marrakchi''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1975 na Casablanca) bụ onye Morocco na-eme ihe nkiri nke a ma ama maka ihe nkiri esemokwu Marock. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na ngalaba Un Certain Regard na 2005 Cannes Film Festival.<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4284727/year/2005.html|title=Festival de Cannes: Marock|accessdate=2009-12-12|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Alexandre Aja. Ọ tolitere na klas dị elu nke Casablanca nke a na-egosipụta na Marock. == Ihe nkiri == === Onye nduzi === * Marock (2005) * ''Momo mambo'' (2003) * ''narị dirham abụọ'' (2002) * ''Horizon perdu, L'' (2000) * ''Nkume nke Casbah'' (2013) * ''Eddy'' (2020) TV == Hụkwa == * Sanaa Hamri == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|0550071}} {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mospvhxt3rb71ivz1zikh1phx69wizt Terry Adkins 0 17374 743558 707146 2026-11-06T04:47:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Terry Roger Adkins''' (n'ubochí itoolu n'ọnwa Mée, 1953 rụo ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, 2014) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salon94.com/artists/detail/terry-adkins|title=Salon 94 profile|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2016-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131083224/https://www.salon94.com/artists/detail/terry-adkins}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.driskellcenter.umd.edu/narratives/exhibition/artists/bio.htm|title=Artist's Biographies|publisher=Driskellcenter.umd.edu|accessdate=9 July 2012|archivedate=5 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905111448/http://www.driskellcenter.umd.edu/narratives/exhibition/artists/bio.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Fine Arts na School of Design na Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.design.upenn.edu/people/adkins_terry|title=PennDesign &#124; Terry Adkins|publisher=Design.upenn.edu|accessdate=9 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629031242/http://www.design.upenn.edu/people/adkins_terry|archivedate=June 29, 2012}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Adkins na [[Washington, D.C.]] na úbọchị itoolu n'ọnwa Mee, 1953, n'ime ezinụlọ na-agụ egwú. Nnà ya, Robert H. Adkins, ónyé nkuzi kemịkal na sayensị na ónyé agha Korea, bụrụ abụ ma kpọọ ụbọ akwara; nné ya, Doris Jackson, ónyé nọọsụ, bụ ónyé na-egwu clarinet na ónyé na-akpọ piano.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/arts/terry-adkins-composer-of-art-sculptor-of-music-dies-at-60.html|title=Terry Adkins, Composer of Art, Sculptor of Music, Dies at 60|date=February 22, 2014|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Nná nná Adkins bụ Rev. Andrew Adkins, pastọ nke Albert Street Baptist Church nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Alexandria, Virginia. Nwanne nne ya Alexandra Alexander bụ onye mgbakọ na mwepụ na onye na-emebi koodu NSA. Nwanne nna ya Dr. Rutherford Adkins, onye bụbu Tuskegee Airman na 100th Fighter Squadron nke 332nd Fighter Group, gbara ụgbọ elu agha irí na anọ ma mesịa ghọọ onye isi oche nke iri na otu nke Mahadum Fisk.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.salon94.com/assets/press/TA_Internation_Center_of_African_American_Art.pdf|title=Artist Terry Adkins and the Fisk University Legacy|author=Pinson|first=Hermine|date=April 1, 2014|work=Salon94, International Center of African American Art|accessdate=March 19, 2017|archivedate=June 26, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626102708/http://www.salon94.com/assets/press/TA_Internation_Center_of_African_American_Art.pdf}}</ref> Dị ka nwa okorobịa, Adkins mere atụmatụ ịbụ ónyé na-agụ egwú, mana na kọleji ọ hụrụ onwé ya ka ọ na-adọrọ mmasị na nka anya. N'ịbụ ónyé Aaron Douglas na Martin Puryear duziri, ọ nwetara B.S. na obibi akwụkwọ na Mahadum Fisk dị na Nashville, M.S. sochiri n'ọhịa na Mahadim Illinois State na M.F.A. na ihe ọkpụkpụ na Mahadam Kentucky.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> == Ọrụ == Adkins bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na-agụnye ihe ọkpụkpụ, arụmọrụ, vidiyo, na foto.<ref name="whitney.org">{{Cite web|url=http://whitney.org/Exhibitions/2014Biennial/TerryAdkins|title=Terry Adkins|work=whitney.org|accessdate=November 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024011954/http://whitney.org/Exhibitions/2014Biennial/TerryAdkins|archivedate=October 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://observer.com/2014/02/terry-adkins-artist-musician-and-educator-dies-at-60/|title=Terry Adkins, artist, Musician and educator, Dies at 60|author=Andrew Russeth|work=Observer|date=February 9, 2014|accessdate=November 4, 2015}}</ref> Ihe osise ya na-abụkarị nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, raara onwé ya nye, ma ọ bụ na-ezo aka na ndị na-agụ egwú ma ọ bụ ngwá egwú; a na-akpọ ihe ntinye na ihe ngosi ụfọdụ mgbé ụfọdụ "recitals".<ref name="whitney.org" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/16/arts/design/review-art-for-the-planets-sake-at-the-venice-biennale.html|title=Review: Art for the Planet's Sake at the Venice Biennale|date=May 16, 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/arts/terry-adkins-composer-of-art-sculptor-of-music-dies-at-60.html|title=Terry Adkins, Composer of Art, Sculptor of Music, Dies at 60|work=The New York Times|date=February 23, 2014|author=Fox|first=Margalit}}</ref> Mgbé ụfọdụ, a na-eme ka nhazi ihe ndị a a kpụrụ akpụ rụọ ọrụ na arụmọrụ site n'aka otu ndị otu Adkins, Lone Wolf Recital Corps. Ọ duziri Lone Wolf Recital Corps nke na-arụ ọrụ na ICA London, Rote Fabrik, Zurich, New World Symphony, Miami, P.S.1 MOMA, na ICA Philadelphia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newmuseum.org/events/358|title=Charles Gaines/Terry Adkins Collaborative|date=August 6, 2009|publisher=NewMuseum.org|accessdate=9 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224014652/http://www.newmuseum.org/events/358|archivedate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi === Adkins rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Na mbido, nka Adkins gàrà mba ụwa na ọrụ gosipụtara na Project Binz 39 na Zurich na 1986, na Salama-Caro Gallery na London na 1987. Na 1995 Adkins gosipụtara ọrụ na Whitney Museum of American Art na Philip Morris na New York, na 1997 na International Gallery na Smithsonian Institution na Washington, DC Adkins nwekwara ihe ngosi na 1999 na Institute of Contemporary Art na Mahadum Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icaphila.org/exhibitions/1818/terry-adkins-relay-hymn|title=Past Exhibitions > Terry Adkins: Relay Hymn – ICA – Institute of Contemporary Art – Philadelphia, PA|year=1999|publisher=Icaphila.org|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icaphilastore.org/terry-adkins-relay-hymn.html|title=Terry Adkins: Relay Hymn|publisher=Icaphilastore.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308092107/http://www.icaphilastore.org/terry-adkins-relay-hymn.html|archivedate=March 8, 2012|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya "Darkwater", ememe nke WEB Dubois, na Gallery 51 na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] College of Liberal Arts (MCLA) na Berkshires.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mcla.edu/About_MCLA/area/bcrc/mcla-gallery-51/Past-Shows/index|title=mcl a gallery 51 past shows 2012|work=mcla.edu|accessdate=16 April 2018|archivedate=16 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416151824/http://www.mcla.edu/About_MCLA/area/bcrc/mcla-gallery-51/Past-Shows/index}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.berkshirefinearts.com/?page=article&article_id=82&catID=3|title=Terry Adkins: "Darkwater" at Gallery 51|author=Hudson|first=Jane|publisher=Berkshire Fine Arts|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbè e mesịrị, a gụnyere Adkins na 2008 ''NeoHooDoo'': Art for a Forgotten Faith exhibition na MoMA PS1 na New York, nke nyochara ememe na ime mmụọ na nka ma hazie ya na njikọ aka na Houston's Menil Collection.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Radical Presence: Black Performance In Contemporary Art|url=https://archive.org/details/radicalpresenceb0000unse|publisher=Contemporary Arts Museum Houston|year=2013|isbn=978-1933619385}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://momaps1.org/exhibitions/view/205|title=MoMA PS1: Exhibitions: NeoHooDoo: Art for a Forgotten Faith|work=momaps1.org|accessdate=16 April 2018}}</ref> Adkins gàrà mba ụwa ọzọ na 2009, na-egosi ọrụ na Gallery nke American Academy na American Academy na Rome, Ịtali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.exibart.com/profilo/eventiV2.asp?idelemento=80369|title=Terry Adkins – Meteor Stream|author=exibart|publisher=Exibart.com|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, The Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery (tang) na Skidmore College na New York kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Adkins na ihe ngosi a na-akpọ "Recital", gụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ, vidiyo, na foto nke na-asọpụrụ ọtụtụ ndị akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkụ ndị a na-amaghị nke akụkọ ihe mere ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tang.skidmore.edu/index.php/calendars/view/324/tag:1/year:all|title=Tang Museum &#124; Terry Adkins – Recital|author=Terry Adkins RecitalJuly 14 – December 2, 2012|date=May 15, 2010|publisher=Tang.skidmore.edu|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, e gosipụtara Adkins na ngosi 2013 Radical Presence: Black Performance in Contemporary Art na Contemporary Arts Museum Houston.<ref name=":0" /> E tinyekwara nka ya na 2014 Whitney Biennial na Whitney Museum na New York City, n'otu afọ ahụ ihe ngosi onwe ya "Nenuphar" meghere na Salon irí itoolu na anọ gallery.<ref name="whitney.org"/><ref name="Ruble, Casey 2014, pp. 154-155">Ruble, Casey. "Terry Adkins." Art in America, vol.102, no.3, Mar. 2014, pp. 154–155. EBSCOhost</ref> Na-esote, na 2015 Venice Biennale, a gụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ o mepụtara site na ngwá egwú a chọtara na All The World's Futures, ihe ngosi nke [[Okwui Enwezor]] haziri nke na-elekwasị anya na omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/16/arts/design/review-art-for-the-planets-sake-at-the-venice-biennale.html|title=Review: Art for the Planet's Sake at the Venice Biennale|work=The New York Times|date=May 15, 2015|author=Smith|first=Roberta}}</ref> === Onyinye === * Ihe nrite Rome<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-school-design-professor-terry-adkins-wins-rome-prize-visual-arts|title=Penn School of Design Professor Terry Adkins Wins Rome Prize in Visual Arts &#124; Penn News|date=April 20, 2009|publisher=Upenn.edu|accessdate=9 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010133242/http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-school-design-professor-terry-adkins-wins-rome-prize-visual-arts|archive-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> nke 2009 * 2008 USA Fellows<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unitedstatesartists.org/Public2/USAFellows/2008Fellows/Alphabetically/TerryAdkins/index.cfm|title=Terry Adkins – Profile – Visual Arts – USA Projects – Artist Fundraising & Advocacy|author=Moyemont|first=Terry|publisher=Unitedstatesartists.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812082559/http://www.unitedstatesartists.org/Public2/USAFellows/2008Fellows/Alphabetically/TerryAdkins/index.cfm|archivedate=August 12, 2010|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref> == Ọnwụ na ihe nketa == Adkins nwụrụ site na nkụchi obi na Brooklyn, New York, na Febụwarị 2014; ọ dị afọ iri isii.<ref name=":2"/> Ọ lụrụ Merele Williams (Adkins) ma nwee nwa nwoke, Titus Hamilton Adkins, na nwá nwanyị, Turiya Hamlet Adkins. Na Mahadum Pennsylvania, Adkins bụ onye nkuzi na ónyé nduzi nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nke oge a gụnyere Sandford Biggers, Demetrius Oliver, Nsenga Knight, Jamal Cyrus, na Jacolby Satterwhite.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanford Biggers by Terry Adkins - BOMB Magazine|url=https://bombmagazine.org/articles/sanford-biggers/|work=bombmagazine.org|accessdate=2020-05-14}}</ref> George Lewis chetara ọrụ ya n'ọrụ ya A Recital for Terry Adkins na 2016, nke Ensemble Pamplemousse rụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=George Lewis: *A Recital for Terry Adkins* with Ensemble Pamplemousse - ICA Philadelphia|url=https://icaphila.org/events/programs/george-lewis-a-recital-for-terry-adkins-with-ensemble-pamplemousse/|date=2016-09-01|work=Institute of Contemporary Art - Philadelphia, PA|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-19}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|35em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * "[http://www.danaroc.com/inspiring_020606terryadkins.html Terry Adkins]", ''Dana Roc'' * "[http://www.artnet.com/artist/424005686/terry-adkins.html Terry Adkins]", Artnet * "Na AAR Gallery, Meteor Stream: Recital in Four Dominions", nke Terry Adkins dere mgbe John Brown gasịrị * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220122203606/http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=mnr&line=harlemline&artist=2&station=1 Ihe osise ọha na eze na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Harlem 125 Street, nke MTA Arts for Transit nyere iwu] * "Terry Adkins, Akụkọ Okwu", ''Bọmbụ'' p9tsh7vgt10yv6qo0xilldapts9lqvp Studio One Eighty Nine 0 17416 743550 594952 2026-11-06T02:54:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743550 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using infobox organization with unknown parameters|missionStudio One Eighty Nine]] '''Studio One''' Eighty Nine bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke dị na Ghana na United States. Ebumnuche ha bụ ịkwalite ejiji ndị Afrịka nakwa emume ejije ha na emepụta. Ọ nwere akara nke ya ma na-akwado ụdị ndị ọzọ. Ndị guzobere Studio One Eighty Nine, onye na-eme ihe nkiri bu Hollywood Rosario Dawson na onye bụbu onye isi nkwukọrịta Bottega Veneta Abrima Erwiah, mepụtara Fashion Rising na 2013 iji sọpụrụ V-Day Movement's One Billion Rising campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://incwomenssummit.topi.com/speaker/abrima-erwiah-57igc|title=Abrima Erwiah|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094233/https://incwomenssummit.topi.com/speaker/abrima-erwiah-57igc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/rosario-dawson-ghana-studio-one-eighty-nine/?_r=0|title=Rosario Dawson's Adventures in Ghana, Celebrating Women and Her First Clothing Collection|first=Jeanine Celeste|author=Pang|publisher=}}</ref> == Mmalite na mmepe == Dawson na Erwiah malitere Studio 189 mgbe ha gachara ọtụtụ mba Afrịka na Febụwarị 2011, dịka akụkụ nke V-day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://urbanbushbabes.com/studio-one-eighty-nine/|title=Studio One Eighty Nine|work=Urban Bush Babes|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2020-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526073658/http://urbanbushbabes.com/studio-one-eighty-nine/}}</ref> Ha kwenyere na ịbawanye òkè ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji na ịgba ume usoro ọdịnala ga-eduga na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/02/26/estilo/1424952490_545688.html|title=Rosario Dawson: Musa de Quentin Tarantino y diseñadora sostenible - Estilo - EL PAÍS|author=Ediciones El País|date=27 February 2015|work=EL PAÍS}}</ref> Studio One Eighty Nine na-bu ndị na esonyere united nations international trade center na ethical fashion initiative..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ethicalfashioninitiative.org/african-designer/studio-189/|title=Ethical Fashion Initiative - African Designer - Studio 189|work=ITC|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2015-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119102925/http://ethicalfashioninitiative.org/african-designer/studio-189/}}</ref> == Nkesa == Studio One Eighty Nine na-emepụta uwe ụmụ nwanyị, uwe ụmụ nwoke na ihe ụlọ. Site na uwe, akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ngwa, akpa na ohiri isi. A na-ere akara ahụ n'ịntanetị na saịtị ecommerce ha, na mgbakwunye na ebe ndị ọzọ a na-ere ahịa. Studio One Eighty Nine esorola Vogue Italia na YOOX<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yoox.com/project/vogueblack|title=VOGUE BLACK|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2017-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225044440/http://www.yoox.com/project/vogueblack}}</ref> rụkọọ ọrụ ma wepụta nchịkọta pụrụ iche maka ikpo okwu a na ego na-abara ọrụ ebere Fashion 4 Development uru. A pụkwara ịchọta nchịkọta ahụ na Opening Ceremony, Smithsonian, Maison de Mode, Free People, Parisi, Surf Lodge, na Biffi Boutiques.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.openingceremony.us/entry.asp?pid=11135|title=Studio One Eighty Nine Throws A Party For A Cause|publisher=|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034233/http://www.openingceremony.us/entry.asp?pid=11135}}</ref> Dawson na Erwiah natara Taormina Humanitarian Award na 61st Taormina Film Festival na June 2015. Na Jenụwarị 2015, e nyere Dawson na erwiah Martin Luther King Junior Award on Social Justice site na Mahadum Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/rosario-dawson-headlines-mlk-lecture-social-justice-penn-jan-20|title=Penn News - Rosario Dawson Headlines MLK Lecture in Social Justice at Penn Jan. 20|publisher=|access-date=2022-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113101525/http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/rosario-dawson-headlines-mlk-lecture-social-justice-penn-jan-20|archive-date=2016-01-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> ha anatalakwa ihe njurita ajuju site na magazin na ahu ma ka ejiji na nuuzpapars dika vogue Italia, wwD,grazia, vanity fair Italia e Pais the wall street journal bloom berg. Business ABC news and NY times.erwiah so na ọtụtụ n'ime Mmadu otu nari pụtara ìhè na true Africa maka onodu They're a na studio 189,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wwd.com/eye/fashion-scoops/new-talents-get-spotlight-in-milan-7923163/|title=New Talents Get Spotlight in Milan|author=Joelle Diderich|work=WWD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanityfair.it/fashion/news/15/02/09/rosario-dawson-collezione-esclusiva-per-yooxcom|title=Rosario Dawson crea collezione in esclusiva per Yoox.com - VanityFair.it|work=vanityfair.it|accessdate=2022-06-26|archivedate=2021-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928184922/https://www.vanityfair.it/fashion/news/15/02/09/rosario-dawson-collezione-esclusiva-per-yooxcom}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/surfing-shopping-and-bundling-up-in-a-very-cool-montauk-1435540194|title=Surfing, Shopping and Bundling Up in a Very Cool Montauk|author=Marshall Heyman|date=29 June 2015|work=WSJ}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-27/retro-polo-shirts-for-summer-fridays|title=Retro Polo Shirts for Summer Fridays - Bloomberg Business|date=27 July 2015|work=Bloomberg.com}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trueafrica.co/article/abrima-erwiah-the-designer-inspiring-fresh-talent-in-accra/|title=Abrima Erwiah: the designer on fresh talent - TRUE Africa|author=Team TRUE|work=True Africa}}</ref> E gosipụtara nchịkọta oge opupu ihe ubi / oge okpomọkụ na Lower East Side Girls Club dị ka akụkụ nke New York Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whosay.com/articles/11193-studio-189-rosario-dawson-nyfw|title=WhoSay - #CelebsUnfiltered, Social Celebrities, Entertainment News, Photos, Videos, and Exclusives|work=WhoSay}}</ref> N'afọ 2014 na 2015, a họọrọ Studio One Eighty Nine ka egosiputa ya dị ka akụkụ nke Design Indabaʹs 意Africa is Nowʹs na Cape Town na Durban, South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.designindaba.com/articles/interviews/fashion-takes-flight|title=Fashion takes flight|work=Design Indaba}}</ref> 19kpbk5sizgj9nlom1eqdbd064zfwvj Sedrick Huckaby 0 17515 743527 672162 2026-11-05T23:32:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sedrick Ervin Huckaby''' (1975) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe nke a maara màkà iji nnukwu, impasto paint mepụta murals nke na-eme ka akwa ọdịnala na mmepụta nke nnukwu foto nke na-anọchite anya akụkọ ihe méré eme ya site na ihe oyiyi nke ndị ezinụlọ na ndị agbata obi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tylermuseum.org/SHuckaby.aspx|title="A Legacy of Love and Freedom" Unfolds at the TMA--Quilt Paintings by Texas Artist Sedrick Huckaby On View|date=April 12, 2011|work=Tyler Museum of Art|accessdate=March 17, 2016|archivedate=March 19, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319093856/http://www.tylermuseum.org/SHuckaby.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utsa.edu/today/2015/02/farethewell.html|title=UTSA Art Gallery features exhibit "Fare Thee Well" through Feb. 20|author=Sherer|first=Scott|work=UTSA Today|accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Huckaby bụ nwá afọ Fort Worth, [[Texas]]. Dị ka ''nwatakịrị'', Huckaby jiri oge na-ese ihe odide site na ihe ngosi TV dị ka Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles na Battlestar Galactica. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gàrà klas na Modern Art Museum, ebe ọ zutere ónyé na-ese ihe Ron Tomlinson, ónyé gbara Huckaby ume ịchụso nka dị ka ọrụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Calimbahin|first=Samantha|year=2016|title=Sedrick Huckaby: Local Artist Gaining National Attention|journal=Fort Worth Business Press|volume=29|pages=28–29}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ nka na Mahadum Texas Wesleyan tupu ọ nata Bachelor of Fine Arts na Mahadim Boston na 1997 na Master of Fine Arts site na Mahadam Yale na 1999.<ref>Samantha Calimbahin. “Sedrick Huckaby: Local artist gaining national attention.” ''Fort Worth Business''. Friday, July 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20200208045753/http://www.fortworthbusiness.com/news/arts_and_culture/sedrick-huckaby-local-artist-gaining-national-attention/article_93859204-455a-11e6-b093-e3a02701db95.html</ref> Ọ kụziri ihe na Grant Hill Collection of African American Art na Dallas Museum of Art, na site na usoro The Artist's Eye na Kimbell Art Museum na Fort Worth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Sedrick_Huckaby/11177439/Sedrick_Huckaby.aspx|title=Artist Biography for Sedrick Huckaby|work=AskArt|accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nke eserese na Ngalaba nke Art na Art History na UT Arlington, ébé ọ na-akụzi kemgbe afọ 2009. Ọ lụrụ ónyé na-ese ihe [[Letitia Huckaby]] na nna ụmụ atọ, Rising Sun, Halle Lujah, na Rhema Rain. == Ọrụ == Huckaby arụwo ọrụ na ihe oyiyi sitere na akwa ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na-ebugharị ha site na ihe ndị dị n'azụ ihe osise n'ime isiokwu nke ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://frontrow.dmagazine.com/2010/04/letitia-and-sedrick-huckaby-an-artist-couple-reaches-into-shared-memory-for-inspiration/|title=Letitia and Sedrick Huckaby: An Artist Couple Reaches Into Shared Memory For Inspiration|author=Simek|first=Peter|date=April 23, 2010|work=Front Row Blog--D Magazine|accessdate=March 17, 2016}}</ref> A gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ banyéré ọrụ abstract ya na-emetụta akwa na podcast màkà Painters Table.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://painters-table.com/link/modern-art-notes/sedrick-huckaby-interview|title=Sedrick Huckaby: Interview|work=Painters' Table|accessdate=March 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325202117/http://painters-table.com/link/modern-art-notes/sedrick-huckaby-interview|archive-date=March 25, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-egosi ọrụ ya na San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts na Boston, Minneapolis Institute of Art, The Art Institute of Chicago, Nasher Museum of Art na Mahadum Duke, na Blanton Museum of Art. Usoro 2008 ya Big Momma's House gụnyere ihe osise 65, pastel, na eserese e mepụtara n'ime afọ abụọ. Ihe a na-elekwasị anya na nchịkọta a bụ nné nnè ya, Hallie Beatrice Carpenter, ónyé isi ezinụlọ ya na ónyé a maara nke ọma dị ka "Big Momma".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Collins|first=Phillip|year=2008|title=Big Momma's House|journal=Valley House Gallery and Sculpture Garden|pages=38–41}}</ref> Ọrụ ya "A Love Supreme (Spring)" dabeere na egwu jazz nke otu aha ahụ nke John Coltrane, ma gosipụta usoro akwa akwa gafee ákwà ahụ na-ekwusi ike na ịdị arọ na ọdịdị. N'ihe osise a nke nwere mmanụ, ihe osise ndị e sere na ákwà ndị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eṅomi ụda na syncopation nke jazz nke Coltrane mgbe ọ na-asọpụrụ akwa ọdịnala [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] nke nne nne ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kurzner|first=Lisa|year=2008|title=A patchwork of color, life: Quilts procide the texture in painter's series|journal=The Atlanta Journal - Constitution|volume=23 March 2008}}</ref> Usoro ya The 99% - Highand Hills bụ nchịkọta nke foto sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke 2011 Occupy Wall Street movement, na-egosi ọdịiche akụ na ụba nke ndị bi na US site na eserese nke ndị otu obodo na ntinye aka site na onye ọ bụla.<ref name=":1"/> A na-egosipụta ihe osise Huckaby na mbipụta February 2020 nke ''National Geographic'', na akụkọ ''Clotilda'', ụgbọ ohu ikpeazụ a maara nke rutere US na 1860.<ref>Magazine Highlights February 2020, https://www.nationalgeographicpartners.com/press/2020/1/magazine-highlights-february-2020/</ref> == Onyinye na ihe nrite == N'afọ 1999, e nyèrè Huckaby Kate Neal Kinley Memorial Fellowship site na Mahadum Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.<ref name=":0"/> E nyèrè ya Alice Kimball English Traveling Fellowship site na Mahadum Yale na 1999 nke kwadoro njem ya iji mụọ ọrụ Henry Tanner.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://mentis.uta.edu/explore/profile/sedrick-huckaby|title=Sedrick E Huckaby {{!}} Explore University Of Texas At Arlington|work=mentis.uta.edu|language=en|accessdate=2017-01-28|archivedate=2017-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203075119/https://mentis.uta.edu/explore/profile/sedrick-huckaby}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 1999 e nyere ya Provincetown Fellowship site na Fine Arts Work Center ma mesịa nọrọ ọnwa isii na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2001, e nyèrè ya ihe nrite Best of Show ma mesịa mee ihe ngosi onwé ya màkà 20th Carrol Harris Simms National Black Art Competition and Exhibition na African American Museum na Dallas, Texas.<ref name=":0" /> == Ihe ngosi == '''Ihe ngosi onwe onye ahọpụtara'''<ref name=":0"/> * 2021 ''Siddrick Huckaby'', Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, Texas<ref>{{Cite web|author=Agresta 0|first=Michael|date=2021-06-02|title=Painter Sedrick Huckaby Looks His Subjects in the Eye, From Dreamers to an Ex-President|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/painter-sedrick-huckaby-austin-blanton-george-w-bush/|accessdate=2022-01-10|work=Texas Monthly|language=en}}</ref> * 2016 The 99%- Highland Hills, Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas * 2012 ''Okwukwe'' na Ezinụlọ: Sedrick Huckaby, The Grace Museum, Abilene, Texas * 2008 Siddrick Huckaby: Ịhụnanya Kasị Elu, Danforth Museum of Art, Framingham, [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]]<ref>[http://www.danforthmuseum.org/ Danforth Museum of Art]</ref> * 2008 S. ''Sedrick Huckaby'': Big Momma's House, Valley House Gallery, Dallas, Texas<ref>[http://www.valleyhouse.com/ Valley House Gallery]</ref> * 2008- Ihe nketa: Ihe osise nke Sedrick Huckaby, Hammonds House Museum na Resource Center of African American Art, Atlanta, Georgia * 2006- Sedrick Huckaby: Quilts and Portraits, Nielsen Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts * 2006- ''Sedrick Huckaby'', The Greenville County Museum, Greenville, South Carolina * 2006- ''Sedrick Huckaby'', [http://www.galvestonartscenter.org/ Galveston Arts Center], Galvestón, Texas * 2006- ''Sedrick Huckaby'', San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts, San Angelo, Texas * 2006- ''Sedrick Huckaby'', Masur Museum of Art, Monroe, Louisiana * 2006- Sedrick Huckaby: National Black Fine Art Fair, New York, New York (Valley House Gallery) * 2005- Sedrick Huckaby: Portraits and Quilts, Valley House Gallery, Dallas, Texas * 2003- A Love Supreme, African American Museum, Dallas, Texas * 2003- Ebe dị n'etiti Abstraction na Representation: Sedrick Huckaby, Carillon Gallery, Tarrant County College, Fort Forth, Texas * 2002- ''Sedrick Huckaby- Ọrụ'' na-adịbeghị anya, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation, Fort Worth, Texas * 2001- Akụkụ sitere na Life, Evelyn Siegel Gallery, Fort Worth, Texas * ''Ihe osise ndị'' na-adịbeghị anya, Fine Arts Work Center, Provincetown, Massachusetts * 1999- Kate Neal Kinley Fellowship Show, Mahadum Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois * 1999- Sedrick Huckaby: Ihe osise, Wendell Street Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts * 1997- ''Ọrụ Ebube nke Ndụ'', Wendell Street Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts == Nchịkọta ndị a họọrọ == * Sedrick Huckaby na Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, Minnesota<ref>[https://collections.artsmia.org/search/Sedrick%20Huckaby Sedrick Huckaby at the Minneapolis Institute of Art]</ref> * Fort Worth Central Library, Fort Worth, Texas * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie African American, Dallas, Texas == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325035616/https://www.uta.edu/profiles/sedrick-huckaby Peeji ngalaba Sedrick Huckaby na UTA.edu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181008112450/http://artandseek.org/spotlight/sedrick-huckaby/ Q & A interview (Jerome Weeks) na vidiyo (Dane Walters) Monumental And Personal And Here, KERA's Art&Seek Artist Spotlight, 14 July 2016] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmhlmTnZrAI Vidio: Sedrick Huckaby Artist Talk na Valley House Gallery, December 14, 2013] * [https://soundcloud.com/search?q=Sedrick%20Huckaby Ihe osise nke oge a Podcast] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6l4puoa6s6k5evdlgnh6n5d5fbgx1wd Samson Kambalu 0 18436 743520 705318 2026-11-05T22:28:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Samson Kambalu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1975) bụ onye na-ese ihe, ọkà mmụta na onye edemede a mụrụ na Malawi nke zụrụ dị ka ezigbo onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ethnomusicologist na Mahadum nke [[Malawi|Malawi's]] Chancellor College .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/member-of-staff/samson-kambalu |title=Professor Samson Kambalu: Magdalen University |accessdate=2022-07-16 |archivedate=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703005956/https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/member-of-staff/samson-kambalu/ }}</ref> Ọ bụ Fellow nke Magdalen College, Oxford. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Kambalu na Malawi, ebe ọ gara Kamuzu Academy, "Eton nke Africa".<ref>[[Kamuzu Academy]]</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Malawi's Chancellor College, Zomba na afọ 1999. Kambalu gụsịrị MA ya na Fine Art na Mahadum Nottingham Trent na afọ 2003 wee dee PhD ya na Chelsea College of Art and Design, na-ele anya n'otú nsogbu nke onyinye na akụ na ụba n'ozuzu si emegharị akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọrụ nka ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/chelsea/2015/04/01/phd-student-samson-kambalu-to-exhibit-at-venice-2015/|title=PhD student Samson Kambalu to exhibit at Venice 2015 – Chelsea College of Arts Blog|work=blogs.arts.ac.uk|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2016-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102236/http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/chelsea/2015/04/01/phd-student-samson-kambalu-to-exhibit-at-venice-2015/}}</ref> Ọrụ Kambalu, nke na-ezo aka na Situationism na omenala Chewa Nyau nke obodo ya Malawi, na apụta na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, site na eserese, eserese, ntinye, vidiyo na akwụkwọ na arụmọrụ.<ref>Aloisia Leopardi, [http://griotmag.com/en/game-changers-samson-kambalu-idea-play-art-life/ ''Game Changers: Samson Kambalu and his idea of play in art and life''], Griot, 31 March 2016</ref><ref>Roxana Azimi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170424121427/http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/05/07/afrique-a-venise-3-sombres-et-majestueux-futurs-d-okwui-enwezor_4629710_3212.html ''L’Afrique à Venise (3) : sombres et majestueux « futurs » d’Okwui Enwezor''], [[Le Monde]], 7 May 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blouinartinfo.com/galleryguide/283133/305321/event/1368884 |title=Blouin ArtInfo art listing |accessdate=2022-07-16 |archivedate=2016-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529131034/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/galleryguide/283133/305321/event/1368884 }}</ref> Otu n'ime ihe osise ya a ma ama bụ Holy Ball, bọọlụ a na-etinye na peeji nke Bible.<ref>Massa Lemu, [http://www.stedelijkstudies.com/journal/play-and-the-profane/ Play and the Profane in Samson Kambalu's Holyballs, Holyballism and (Bookworm) The Fall of Man]</ref> Kambalu mere ihe ngosi nke 24 "Holy Balls" na Chancellor College n'afọ 2000 ebe ọ kpọrọ ndị nleta ka ha mee ihe na ịchụpụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vmcaa.nl/vm/magazine/001/artikel002/|title=Virtual Museum Of Contemporary African Art|work=www.vmcaa.nl|accessdate=2017-12-20}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, ọ gosipụtara ọrụ ya na mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.katemacgarry.com/artists/samson-kambalu/|title=SAMSON KAMBALU - Kate Macgarry|work=Kate Macgarry|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, a gụnyere ya na [[Okwui Enwezor|Okwui Enwezor's]] All the World's Futures na 56th Venice Biennale.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://labiennale.org/en/mediacenter/video/56-25.html|title=Biennale Channel|date=2017-03-06|work=La Biennale di Venezia|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, otu onye ọka ikpe nọ na Venice jụrụ mkpesa nke onye Itali na-ahụ maka ọnọdụ Gianfranco Sanguinetti tinyere megide Venice Biennale na Kambalu n'ihe gbasara enweghị ikike na oke nke Sanguineti niile maka otu n'ime nrụnye Kambalu, Sanguinett Breakout Area.<ref>Raffaella Pelligrino, [http://www.artribune.com/2015/12/gianfranco-sanguinetti-samson-kambalu-biennale-venezia-tribunale/ "Gianfranco Sanguinetti contro la Biennale di Venezia"], Artribune, 28 December 2015</ref><ref>Roxana Azimi, [http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/10/19/l-ecrivain-italien-sanguinetti-porte-plainte-contre-la-biennale-de-venise_4792574_3212.html "L’écrivain italien Sanguinetti porte plainte contre la Biennale de Venise"], [[Le Monde]], 19 October 2015</ref> Kambalu's Nyau Cinema bụ usoro ''ihe nkiri'' dị mkpirikpi nke ihe ngosi psychogeographical, nke a na-ekerịta dị ka ntinye aka na saịtị netwọk mmekọrịta na dị ka ntinye na gallery.<ref>Eric Loret, [http://cafedesimages.fr/samson-kambalu-souverain-du-cinema-nyau/ "Samson Kambalu, souverain du cinéma «nyau»"], Cafe des Images, 8 September 2015</ref> A kọwawo ihe ndị a dị ka "iberibe ihe nkiri nke na-agwakọta slapstick na ememe ime mmụọ".<ref>Louisa Buck, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150529132923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/art/73228/venice-biennale-highlights-and-best-of-the-rest.html "Venice Biennale: highlights and best of the rest"], [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]], 29 May 2015</ref> Akwụkwọ mbụ ya, akụkọ ndụ onwe ''onye'' nke akpọrọ The Jive Talker or How to Get a British Passport, bụ nke Jonathan Cape (Random House) bipụtara na Julaị, na afọ 2008, na Ọgọstụ, na afọ 2008 site na Free Press (Simon & Schuster).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bookforum.com/inprint/015_03/2766|title=The Jive Talker: An Artist's Genesis|work=Bookforum|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, Uccello's Vineyard, nke e bipụtara na afọ 2012, dị na The Book Lovers, nchịkọta akwụkwọ akụkọ ''ndị'' na-ese ihe na Museum of Contemporary Art na Antwerp.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Uccellos-Vineyard-Samson-Kambalu-ebook/dp/B009Z48N2Y?ie=UTF8&*Version*=1&*entries*=0|title=Uccello's Vineyard|author=Kambalu|first=Samson|date=2012-10-30|publisher=Appleluck|edition=1st|language=English}}</ref><ref>[http://ensembles.mhka.be/items/8136 M HKA Ensembles: ''Uccello's Vineyard'']</ref> Kambalu na-anọchite anya Kate MacGarry na London na Galerie Nordenhake na Stockholm.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.katemacgarry.com/artists/samson-kambalu/|title=SAMSON KAMBALU - Kate Macgarry|work=Kate Macgarry|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nordenhake.com/php/artist.php?RefID=268|title=Samson Kambalu at GALERIE NORDENHAKE {{!}} Berlin — Stockholm|work=www.nordenhake.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050909/http://www.nordenhake.com/php/artist.php?RefID=268|archive-date=2017-12-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 5 Julaị 2021, a mara ọkwa na ahọpụtara ihe osise Kambalu dị ka onye na-esote ịnọ n'ọkwa nke anọ na Trafalgar Square na etiti London site na Septemba 2022 ruo 2024. Ihe osise ahụ, nke akpọrọ ''Antelope'', weghachiri foto na afọ 1914 nke onye nkwusa Baptist na onye pan-Africanist John Chilembwe na onye ozi ala ọzọ Europe John Chorley. Chilembwe na-eyi okpu n'omume nnupụisi, n'ihi na nke a bụ iwu na-akwadoghị n'oge ahụ. == Ihe ngosi == === Selected solo exhibitions === * 2017 Red Barn Farm, Galerie Nordenhake, Stockholm, Sweden<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nordenhake.com/php/exhibition.php?id=267&year=2017|title=Red Barn Farm|access-date=2022-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224030/http://www.nordenhake.com/php/exhibition.php?id=267&year=2017|archive-date=2018-01-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2015 Ihe omuma ihe omuma Nyau, Gallery U Mloka, Olomouc, Czech Republic * 2015 Ihe ngosi abụọ: Nyau Cinema, Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany * 2014 ''Mmiri ozuzo'', Stevenson Johannesburg, South Africa * 2012 Obodo Tattoo: Isiakwụkwọ Atọ Mbụ (ya na ndị ọbịa), Castlefield Gallery, Manchester, UK * 2000 Omume na Ịchụpụ Mmụọ Ọjọọ, Chancellor College, Zomba, Malawi === Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ === * 2016 Liverpool Biennial, Liverpool, UK<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biennial.com/2016/exhibition/artists/samson-kambalu|title=Artists {{!}} Liverpool Biennial: Festival of Contemporary Art|work=www.biennial.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052816/http://www.biennial.com/2016/exhibition/artists/samson-kambalu}}</ref> * 2016 Ihe ngosi abụọ nke Dakar, Dakar, Senegal<ref>[http://dakart.net/lexposition-internationale/ L’exposition internationale]</ref> * 2016 A tụfuru ya na achọta ya, Paradiso, Amsterdam, Netherlands * 2015 A na-etinye ya ''n'ime'' ụlọ, Nikolaj Kunsthal, Copenhagen, Denmark * 2015 50/50, New Church Museum, Cape Town, South Africa<ref>Thuli Gamedze, [http://artthrob.co.za/2016/02/01/giving-renewed-attention-to-old-voices-5050-at-the-new-church-museum/ ''Giving renewed attention to old voices?''], Arthrob, 1 February 2016</ref> * 2015 Transformation Marathon, Serpentine Galleries, London * 2015 ''Ihe osise'', Stevenson Cape Town, South Africa * 2015 Ihe Ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, Venice Biennale, Italy<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://labiennale.org/en/mediacenter/video/56-25.html|title=Biennale Channel|date=2017-03-06|work=La Biennale di Venezia|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>Sean O'Toole, [http://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/africa-from-afar/ Africa from afar], Contemporary And, 29 May 2015</ref> * 2014 Akụkọ banyere ''Chroma'', Stevenson Cape Town, South Africa * 2014 Ihe ngosi abụọ nke Dakar, Dakar, Senegal * 2004 ''Bloomberg New Contemporaries'', Liverpool, UK<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newcontemporaries.org.uk/2004|title=2004 {{!}} New Contemporaries|work=www.newcontemporaries.org.uk|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051834/http://www.newcontemporaries.org.uk/2004}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ === * 2012 Uccello's Vineyard. ASIN: B009Z48N2Y * 2008 The Jive Talker ma ọ bụ, Otu esi enweta paspọtụ Britain. === Isiokwu === * 2015, Ịbanye n'Ámá Egwuregwu: Ọdịnihu Ụwa niile, Nkà na Ọdịbendị, South Korea, na Contemporary And<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artinculture.kr/magazine/199|title=2015. 06 — Art In Culture|author=deerstep|work=www.artinculture.kr|accessdate=2017-12-20|archivedate=2017-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105030/http://www.artinculture.kr/magazine/199}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/entering-the-arena-all-the-worlds-future/|title=Entering the Arena: All the World's Future {{!}} Contemporary And|work=www.contemporaryand.com|language=de|accessdate=2017-12-20}}</ref> * 2014, Great African Minds: Dr Charles Chanthunya, Peter Hammer Verlag * 2013, The Museum and the Individual, edemede na Meschac Gaba's Museum of Contemporary African Art, Tate Modern<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/exhibition/meschac-gaba-museum-contemporary-african-art/viewpoint-samson|title=Viewpoint: Samson Kambalu {{!}} Tate|author=Tate|work=Tate|accessdate=2017-12-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2011, Der skurrile Diktator, Kulturaustausch, IFA, Germany * 2010, Dr Albert Schweitzer's Troublesome Young Brother, Kulturaustausch, IFA, Germany * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * 2009, ''Omume'' na-ekwu na ndị Malawi nọ na ntụrụndụ, Kulturaustausch, IFA, Germany == Ebe obibi, mkpakọrịta na onyinye == * 2015, Mmekọrịta nyocha, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of African Art, Washington DC, USA * 2014, Mmekọrịta nyocha, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, USA * 2013, AHRC PhD Research Award, UK * 200510, Ebe obibi ọkụ, ACME, London, UK * 2004, Decibel Visual Arts Award, Arts Council * 2000, Thami Mnyele Artist Residency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands == Ihe edeturu na ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [http://www.katemacgarry.com/artists/samson-kambalu/ Kate MacGarry: Samson Kambalu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110519210423/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/catalog/author.htm?authorID=52118 Ụlọ Na-enweghị Isi] * [http://www.simonsays.com/content/destination.cfm?tab=1&pid=585364 Simon & Schuster] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210121090705/https://contemporaryand.com/person/samson-kambalu/ Na nke Oge a: Samson Kambalu] * Giles Foden, "Good news from Africa", nyocha nke The Jive Talker, ''The Guardian'', 23 August 2008. * Susan Williams, "The Jive Talker, nke Samson Kambalu Portrait of the artist as a young African" (review), The Independent, 4 July 2008. * Aminatta Forna, "Ntụle: The Jive Talker nke Samson Kambalu", ''The Telegraph'', 10 August 2008. * Massa Lemu, "N'ihi na onye na-azụ anụ, ụwa dum bụ ogige egwuregwu. [http://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/for-the-ranter-the-whole-world-is-a-playground/ Na mkparịta ụka ya na Samson Kambalu]", Contemporary And, 13 February 2014. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ib64m7untyqn738mqcbvdph9l6wqjas Tsedale Lemma 0 18554 743572 643989 2026-11-06T07:04:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tsedale Lemma''' bụ onye nta akụkọ Etiopia nke guzobere ''Addis Standard'', akwụkwọ akụkọ Etiopia nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu, na afọ 2011. == Nwatakịrị na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tsedale Lemma n'afọ 1976 (afọ ). Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere Bachelor of Arts na akwụkwọ akụkọ na Mahadum Addis Ababa na diplọma na akwụkwọ akụkọ n'ịntanetị na Mahadim [[Stockholm]]. == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ odeakụkọ mmalite === Tsedale malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ n'afọ 2000, na-aghọ onye nta akụkọ dị elu na ''Addis Tribune'' . N'ebe a, e bipụtara isiokwu na Europe na Xinhua News Agency. === Ebe nnọchi anya mba Israel === Mgbe ime ihe ike nke ntuli aka nke afọ 2005 na Etiopia gasịrị, Tsedale gbanwere site n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi gaa n'ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya [[Israel]] na [[Addis Ababa]]. Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mbụ ma mesịa bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara na mgbasa ozi nye onye nnọchi anya. === Addis Standard === Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Israel na afọ 2010, Tsedale guzobere ''Addis Standard'' na Febụwarị afọ 2011 dị ka magazin kwa ọnwa. Tsedale rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ''Addis Standard'' na-aghọ akwụkwọ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Etiopia. {{As of|2021|01}} , ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Tsedale bụ onye otu International Advisory Board nke Bandung: Journal of the Global South kemgbe afọ 2015, na-anọgide na bọọdụ ahụ {{As of|2021}} 2021[update]. == Ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya == === Eritrea === N'afọ 2012, na-ekwu maka mwakpo ndị agha Etiopia na-eme na [[Eritrea]] n'oge obere, ogologo oge nke Agha Eritrea, Tsedale kọwara gọọmentị Eritrea dị ka onye ọchịchị aka ike, nke a na-ahụghị n'anya na mpaghara ahụ, na onye na-adịghị ike, ma hụ ka gọọmentị Etiopia nọ n'ọnọdụ siri ike. Ọ tụrụ aro "nkwupụta nkwekọrịta kama ịlụ ọgụ" dị ka atụmatụ maka iwepụ gọọmentị Eritrea. === Nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi === N'afọ 2013, Tsedale katọrọ Kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ na "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị nta akụkọ Etiopia niile a chụpụrụ n'ala" maka ime ka ihe isi ike nke mgbasa ozi onwe ha na Etiopia dị mfe, n'ụzọ "na-eweda ndị nta akụkọ ihere na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè" na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi onwe onye na Ethiopia n'agbanyeghị mmegide gọọmentị. Ọ katọrọ gọọmentị Etiopia nke oge ahụ maka afọ ojuju na enweghị mmegide megide mgbasa ozi karịa gọọmentị ndị gara aga, kama ikwe ka nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi. Tsedale katọrọ otuto nke ọnwụ Meles Zenawi. Na Jenụwarị afọ 2021, Tsedale kọwara nnwere onwe Abiy Ahmed nke Etiopia dị ka onye gbanwere egwu ndị a na-eyi ndị nta akụkọ nwere onwe ha site na nrụgide kwụ ọtọ (mgbochi gọọmentị) gaa na ngwakọta nke nrụgide kwụ chịm na nke kwụ ọtọ, ebe òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, okpukpe na nke obodo na ndị mmadụ dị ike chọrọ imetụta mgbasa ozi. O kwuru na nloghachi na mmegide nke mgbasa ozi kpatara nrụgide na ndị na-emepụta mgbasa ozi onwe ha. Tsedale katọrọ uche ndị mgbasa ozi ụwa na-eleba anya na Abiy's 2019 Nobel Prize maka udo, na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị isi, ihe na-amaghị ihe na enweghị akụkọ ihe mere eme na mpaghara, dị ka ''Addis Standard'' 12 Disemba afọ 2019 "ụtụtụ mgbe Oslo" nchịkọta akụkọ. O kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa amalitela ile anya n'omume Abiy, kama naanị okwu ya, nakwa na gọọmentị na-azaghachi site na ịhazi mkpọsa ozi na netwọk mmekọrịta n'ịntanetị. === Ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị === Tsedale kwalitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị maka 8 Machị afọ 2014 International Women's Day site n'ịhazi arụmụka United Nations kwadoro na Mahadum Addis Ababa nke akpọrọ "Ịha nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị niile: Ime ememe ụmụ nwanyị Etiopia na-eme na Ethiopia", n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị asaa a ma ama, Aster Zaoude, Birtukan Gebregzi, Chachi Tadesse, Hag Destaos, Ingidaye Eshete, Selamawit Ad na Zenaye Tadesse. === Abiy Ahmed === N'otu echiche e bipụtara na ''The New York Times'' na mbido Nọvemba afọ 2020, na mbido Agha Tigray, Tsedale kelere praịm minista Etiopia Abiy Ahmed maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya mbụ nke Etiopia, na-ekwu, "N'ịkpọ onwe ya onye na-eme mgbanwe, nnukwu mgbanwe ndị Maazị Abiy kwere nkwa, onye weghaara n'ọnwa Eprel na afọ 2018, yiri ka ọ na-egbochi nsogbu kachasị njọ nke mba ahụ, " mana o kpebiri na mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, "gabiga ókè", na-eduga na Agha Tig ray. O kwupụtara nchegbu ya na "Nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, nnwere onwe obodo na usoro kwesịrị ekwesị [nwere ike] ịdaba na mgbanwe nke militarism na mmegide" ma kwuo na Abiy yiri ka "ọ chọghị ịkwụsị". Onye nta akụkọ Abebe Gellaw zaghachiri, na-arụ ụka na Tsedale kwesịrị ịkatọ Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), maka afọ iri atọ nke "nchịkwa na-ezighị ezi, nchịkwa, mmegbu, ịkpa ókè, mmebi ikike mmadụ, na nnukwu nrụrụ aka". Abebe kwuru, "TPLF anọwo na-atụfu onye ọ bụla na-agba ọsọ n'aka ya iji mebie ma gbanwee mgbanwe ahụ ma mebie Etiopia na mgbalị ya na-enweghị isi iji weghachite ike na ihe ùgwù ọ tụfuru. " Abebe kwuru na echiche Tsedale kpachaara anya na-eduhie eduhie ma dabere na "ihe ize ndụ na nkụda mmụọ". == Edensibia == {{Reflist| <ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma">{{cite web | title= Tsedale Lemma – Our Board of Advisors | website= [[Centre for the Advancement of Human Rights and Democracy in Ethiopia]] | year= 2016 | url= http://cahde.org/tsedale_lemma/ | access-date= 2021-03-09 | archive-url= https://archive.today/Hoj3h | archive-date= 2021-01-18 | url-status= dead | accessdate= 2022-07-18 | archivedate= 2021-01-18 | archiveurl= https://archive.today/20210118161312/http://cahde.org/tsedale_lemma/ }}</ref> <ref name="USHoR_Tsedale_biography">{{cite web | title= Hearing on 'The Unfolding Conflict in Ethiopia' – Ms. Tsedale Lemma Biography | website= [[United States House of Representatives]] |date = 2020-12-03 | url = https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/111103/witnesses/HHRG-116-FA16-Bio-LemmaT-20201203.pdf | access-date = 2021-03-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210308163138/https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/111103/witnesses/HHRG-116-FA16-Bio-LemmaT-20201203.pdf |archive-date= 2021-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Bandung_Jnl_Global_South">{{cite web | title= Bandung – Journal of the Global South | website= [[Brill Publishers]] |year = 2021 | url = https://brill.com/view/journals/bjgs/bjgs-overview.xml?contents=About | access-date = 2021-03-10 |archive-url= https://archive.today/I1GCn |archive-date= 2021-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AddisStand_What_now_2011">{{cite news | last1= Lemma | first1= Tsedale | title= What now? | year=2012 |newspaper= [[Addis Standard]] | url= https://addisstandard.com/2011/category.php?fn_mode=fullnews&fn_id=181 |access-date=2021-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729234930/https://addisstandard.com/2011/category.php?fn_mode=fullnews&fn_id=181 |archive-date= 2017-07-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="HornAffairs_Tsedale_Lemma">{{cite news |last1=Berhane |first1=Daniel | title= Interview with Editor-in-Chief Tsedale Lemma | date= 2013-01-14 |newspaper= [[Horn Affairs]] | url= https://hornaffairs.com/2013/01/14/interview-ethiopian-journalist |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/Sx7wf |archive-date= 2021-03-08|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="UNESCO_2014_womens_day">{{cite web | title= Media Advisory – "Equality for Women is Progress for All: Celebrating Ethiopian Women's Achievements in Ethiopia" | website= [[UNESCO]] |year = 2014 | url = https://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/GENDER/PDF/ethiopia.pdf | access-date = 2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200113173016/https://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/GENDER/PDF/ethiopia.pdf |archive-date= 2020-01-13 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Ethiopia_tragedy">{{cite news | last1= Lemma | first1= Tsedale | author1-link = Tsedale Lemma | title= What's Happening in Ethiopia Is a Tragedy | date= 2020-11-11 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/opinion/ethiopia-tigray-abiy-ahmed.html |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/0cs7l |archive-date= 2020-11-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Borkena_open_note_Abebe_Gellaw">{{cite news | last1= Gellaw | first1= Abebe | title= An open note to Ms. Tsedale Lemma (Abebe Gellaw) | date= 2020-11-12 |newspaper= [[Borkena]] | url= https://borkena.com/2020/11/12/ethiopia-tsedale-lemma-abebe-gellaw/ |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/RGsmA |archive-date= 2021-01-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="CJR_Tsedale_threats_ET_press">{{cite web | last1 = Merid | first1 = Feven | title= Q&A: Tsedale Lemma on new threats to the Ethiopian press | website= [[Columbia Journalism Review]] |date = 2021-01-15 | url = https://www.cjr.org/q_and_a/qa-tsedale-lemma-on-new-threats-to-the-ethiopian-press.php | access-date = 2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/OJJt1 |archive-date= 2021-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AddisStand_morning_after_Oslo">{{cite news | title= Editorial: The morning after Oslo: The hard work should begin | date= 2019-12-12 |newspaper= [[Addis Standard]] | url= https://addisstandard.com/editorial-the-morning-after-oslo-the-hard-work-should-begin |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/1Cnr3 |archive-date= 2021-03-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{void|templates: <ref name="...">{{cite news | last1= | first1= | last2= | first2= | pages= | language = | title= |trans-title = | date= | publisher= |newspaper= | url= |access-date=20... |archive-url= |archive-date= 20... |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="..."/> }}}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 69nf00g2fwxlmx581dm072gicvk367p Yasmin Miller 0 19024 743601 719218 2026-11-06T11:55:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmin Miller''' (amụrụ na 24 Mee n'afọ 1995) bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu track and field nke Britain nke na-asọ mpi na sprint na ihe mgbochi. O sonyere na 100 mita hurdles maka Great Britain mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 na 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics . Ọ meriri otu ihe omume ahụ na Commonwealth Youth Games nke afọ ahụ ma bụrụkwa onye otu mmeri 4 × 100 mita relay team. Ọ kwughachiri ihe ịga nke ọma ikpeazụ na 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships. Miller enweela ihe ịga nke ọma na mba mgbochi, na-emeri ọla nchara abụọ, ọlaọcha na ọla edo na ihe mgbochi mita 60 na British Indoor Athletics Championships na ọlaọcha Na ọla nchara na ihe mg mgbochi 100m na British Athletics Championship. A mụrụ Miller na 24 Mee n'afo 1995.<ref name="WA">{{Cite web|title=Yasmin Miller Profile|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/great-britain-ni/yasmin-miller-14360668|work=World Athletics|accessdate=13 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Derbyshire.<ref name="derbys">{{Cite news|title=DIS athletes among winners at DSSA sports awards|url=https://issuu.com/nikkies/docs/dis_update_issue_4_magazine_online_|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Derbyshire Institute of Sport|date=November 2013|language=en|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213084302/https://issuu.com/nikkies/docs/dis_update_issue_4_magazine_online_|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ sonyeere Great Britain na 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics na Lille, [[France]]. O nweghị ọganihu site na ọkara ikpeazụ na ihe omume 100m.<ref name="WA" /> Na Septemba nke afọ ahụ, Miller ritere ọla edo n'otu ihe omume ahụ na 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Youth Games Results - Isle of Man 2011 {{!}} Sports {{!}} Athletics 100&nbsp;m Hurdles Women|url=http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=374|publisher=Isle of Man 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114741/http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=374}}</ref> N'otu asọmupi ahụ, o ritere ọla edo na 4 × 100 m relay na Dina Asher-Smith, Sophie Papps na Jazmin Sawyers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Youth Games Results - Isle of Man 2011 {{!}} Sports {{!}} Athletics : 4 x 100&nbsp;m Relay Women|url=http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=382|publisher=Isle of Man 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114746/http://www.cyg2011results.com/Sports/ATHLETICS/default.aspx?SportID=31&EventID=382}}</ref> Miller so n'òtù ndị Britain nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na 4 × 100 m relay na 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships na Rieti, Ịtali, n'akụkụ Asher-Smith, Steffi Wilson na Desiree Henry.<ref name="WA"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Who is British Olympian Dina Asher-Smith?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/dina-asher-smith-injury-relay-200&nbsp;m-b1897513.html|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=The Independent|date=5 August 2021|language=en}}</ref> Miller mekwara asọmupi na 100m hurdles n'otu ihe omume ahụ mana ọ nweghị ọganihu gafere okpomọkụ.<ref name="WA" /> N'afọ ahụ, a kpọrọ ya onye egwuregwu nke afọ ahụ na 2013 Derbyshire Schools ' Sports Association awards.<ref name="derbys"/> Miller bịara nke anọ na 100m hurdles na 2014 World Junior Championships na Athletics na Eugene, Oregon, US; n'otu afọ ahụ ọ meriri ọla edo na England Athletics n'okpuru 20s 100m hurgles.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hill|first=Brian|title=Athletics: Katie Kirk sets a new best to claim English title|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/athletics-katie-kirk-sets-a-new-best-to-claim-english-title-30374768.html|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Belfast Telegraph|date=22 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="WA" /> Miller sonyere na 100m hurdles na 2015 European Athletics U23 Championships na Tallinn, Estonia, mana ọ nweghị ọganihu karịa okpomọkụ. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke anọ na 100 mita ihe mgbochi na 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships na Bydgoszcz, Poland.<ref name="WA" /> Miller gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum [[London]] South Bank, n'oge ahụ ọ biri na Canada Water. Miller nọchitere anya mahadum ahụ na British Universities and Colleges Sport Nationals. Na ihe omume ime ụlọ nke afọ 2017 o setịpụrụ ndekọ asọmpi ọhụrụ na 60m hurdles semi-final mana ọ bịara nke abụọ na nke ikpeazụ site na 0.01 sekọnd. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na ihe omume n'èzí, ọ meriri 100m hurdles ikpeazụ. Na Septemba n'afọ 2017 Miller ga-alaghachi na mahadum iji mụọ maka nzere Master of Laws na iwu azụmahịa mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Balancing books and BUCS: LSBU's gold-medal winning law student|url=https://www.lsbu.ac.uk/about-us/news/balancing-books-and-bucs|work=London South Bank University|accessdate=13 December 2021|language=English|date=4 July 2017}}</ref> Miller sonyere dị ka onye okenye na 2013 British Indoor Athletics Championships, na-etinye nke atọ na 60m hurdles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Athletics European Trials & UK Championships Sheffield 9-10 Feb 13 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=73941&pagenum=2#60H|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114741/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=73941&pagenum=2#60H}}</ref> Ọ kwughachiri ọnọdụ a na 2015 British Indoor Athletics Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sainsbury's Indoor British Championships Sheffield 14-15 Feb 15 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=126294&pagenum=2#60HW|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=2022-07-31|archivedate=2021-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213115021/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=126294&pagenum=2#60HW}}</ref> Na 2017 British Athletics Championships ọ bịara nke abụọ na 100m hurdles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Championships Birmingham 1-2 Jul 17 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=194571&pagenum=2#100HW|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114755/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=194571&pagenum=2#100HW}}</ref> Miller esonyere nhọrọ maka 2018 Commonwealth Games na 2017 site na 0.01 sekọnd, na-agba ọsọ 60m ihe mgbochi na 8.16, mgbe achọrọ oge nke 8.15. N'afọ 2021, ọ kọwara ihe omume ahụ dị ka "ala nkume" nke ọrụ egwuregwu ya. O mechara hụ onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu.<ref name="podcast">{{Cite web|title=Hello Happiness: Resolve|url=https://player.fm/series/the-wellcome-collection-podcast/hello-happiness-resolve|work=Player FM|publisher=Wellcome Collection|accessdate=13 December 2021|language=en}}</ref> Na 2017 England Athletics Senior Track & Field Championships Miller meriri n'ọnọdụ mbụ na 100m hurdles.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mollie Courtney Claims England Championships Bronze|url=https://athleticsni.org/News/Athletics-NI-News/Mollie-Courtney-Claims-England-Championships-Bronze|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Athletics Northern Ireland|date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213084934/https://athleticsni.org/News/Athletics-NI-News/Mollie-Courtney-Claims-England-Championships-Bronze|archive-date=13 December 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na 60m hurdles na 2018 British Indoor Athletics Championships na nke atọ na 100m hurdlas na 2019 British Athletics Championship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Athletics Championships Birmingham 17-18 Feb 18 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=224240&pagenum=2#60H|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114750/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=224240&pagenum=2#60H}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=British Championships Birmingham 24-25 Aug 19 Results|url=https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=287414&pagenum=2#100HW|publisher=Power of 10|accessdate=13 December 2021|archivedate=13 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213114752/https://www.thepowerof10.info/results/results.aspx?meetingid=287414&pagenum=2#100HW}}</ref> Miller meriri n'ọnọdụ mbụ na 60m hurdles na 2020 British Indoor Athletics Championships.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Miller & King win 60&nbsp;m hurdle golds|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/athletics/51601085|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=BBC Sport|date=22 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amy Hunt sprints into senior spotlight with UK 60&nbsp;m win|url=https://athleticsweekly.com/event-news/amy-hunt-senior-spotlight-60&nbsp;m-win-1039928233/|work=Athletics Weekly|accessdate=13 December 2021|date=22 February 2020}}</ref> Mgbe mkpọchi COVID-19 nke 2020 bidoro na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], Miller enweghị ike iso onye nkuzi ya zụọ. Kama nke ahụ, ọ zụrụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ dị n'ihu ụlọ ya na London, na ụmụaka nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-eso ma na-eṅomi ya na-agba ọsọ.<ref name="podcast"/> Enyi nwoke Miller nyere aka site n'ịhazi oge ọ na-agba ọsọ.<ref name="podcast" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Taking it in her stride|url=https://issuu.com/nikkies/docs/dis_update_issue_8_magazine_oct_201|accessdate=13 December 2021|work=Derbyshire Institute of Sport magazine, issue eight|date=October 2015|language=en|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213085224/https://issuu.com/nikkies/docs/dis_update_issue_8_magazine_oct_201|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] avv4tu8unurznelnwddftofs0e1wha4 Rennie Davis 0 22296 743492 228657 2026-11-05T18:43:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Rennie Davis|image=Rennie Davis.jpg|birth_name=Rennard Cordon Davis|birth_date={{birth date|1940|5|23}}|birth_place=[[Lansing, Michigan]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|2021|2|2|1940|5|23}}|death_place=[[Berthoud, Colorado]], U.S.|spouse=Kirsten Liegmann|education=[[Oberlin College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])|known_for=[[Chicago Seven]]|relatives=[[John C. Davis]] (father)}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Rennard Cordon Davis''' (May 23, 1940 - February 2, 2021) bụ onye America na-emegide agha nke ghọrọ onye ama ama n'afọ ndị 1960. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Chicago asaa a na-ebo ebubo maka ngagharị iwe megide agha na ngagharị iwe buru ibu na 1968 Democratic National Convention na Chicago. O nwere ọrụ nhazi a ma ama na ngagharị iwe megide Agha Vietnam nke America n'afọ ndị 1960. Na mbido afọ 1970, Davis ghọrọ onye na-eso Guru Maharaj Ji (Prem Rawat) na Divine Light Mission ya. Ọ malitere ime njem dị ka onye nkuzi ime mmụọ. Ọ ghọkwara onye na-ahụ maka ego, ma guzobe Foundation for a New Humanity iji jikọta ebumnuche ndị a. == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Davis na Lansing, Michigan, na Mee 23, 1940. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Berryville, Virginia, mgbe ọ nọ na klas asaa.<ref name="NYT obit">{{Cite news|title=Rennie Davis, ‘Chicago Seven’ Antiwar Activist, Dies at 80|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/03/us/politics/rennie-davis-dead.html|first=Peter|author=Applebome|date=February 3, 2021|accessdate=February 3, 2021|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Nna ya, John, rụrụ ọrụ na Washington, DC dị nso, gụnyere ije ozi dị ka onyeisi ndị ọrụ na Council of Economic Advisers n'okpuru Onye isi ala Harry S. Truman.<ref name="NYT obit" /><ref name="cnn">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/13/interviews/davis/|title=Episode 13: Make Love not War|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Nne ya, Dorothy, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ. Davis gụrụ akwụkwọ na Oberlin College malite na 1958.<ref name="NYT obit" /> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara n'ihu nweta nzere masta na Mahadum Illinois.<ref name="AP">{{Cite news|title=Rennie Davis, ‘Chicago Seven’ activist, dies at 80|url=https://apnews.com/article/colorado-democratic-national-convention-chicago-tom-hayden-illinois-7381d8fcab9d56d77fd3c1d8fd783cad|first=James|author=Anderson|date=February 4, 2021|accessdate=February 4, 2021}}</ref> N'afọ, 1960, Davis malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na Students for a Democratic Society. Ọ bụ onye nduzi mba nke ọrụ ha nke mmemme nhazi obodo (Economic Research and Action Project, ma ọ bụ ERAP) na Ann Arbor, Michigan.<ref name="AP"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Students for a Democratic Society records|url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/civilrights/survey/view_collection.php?coll_id=2931|accessdate=February 3, 2021|work=The Civil Rights History Project|publisher=American Folklife Center}}</ref> Ọ bịara na-ejikọwanye na ndị na-emegide agha, ma nyere aka ịhazi ngagharị iwe na ihe omume ndị metụtara ya tupu na n'oge 1968 Democratic National Convention na Chicago maka National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam ("the Mobe").<ref name="NYT obit"/> == Ngagharị iwe nke Democratic Convention na ikpe na-esote == Davis bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-ahazi National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam iji hazie ngagharị iwe megide agha na 1968 Democratic National Convention. Ya na onye ndụmọdụ obodo Chicago bụ David Stahl kwurịtara okwu n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma iji nweta ikike.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5jYtI8TmncC&q=Rennie&pg=PA248|title=The Chicago Conspiracy Trial: Revised Edition|author=Schultz|first=John|year=2009|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0226741147|language=en}}</ref> N'oge ọgba aghara ndị uwe ojii na Grant Park n'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1968, Davis so n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nke ndị uwe ojii Chicago kụrụ ihe, ọ nwetakwara nkụda mmụọ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hepoRAlyq1MC&q=rennie+davis&pg=PA215|title=Year of the Heroic Guerrilla: World Revolution and Counterrevolution in 1968|author=Daniels|first=Robert Vincent|date=1996|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674964518|pages=214–215|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFhMAwAAQBAJ&q=rennie.+nonviolence&pg=PA530|title=From Yale to Jail: The Life Story of a Moral Dissenter|author=Dellinger|first=David|year=2010|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1608990610|pages=530|language=en}}</ref><ref name="NYT obit"/> Chicago Eight (nke e mechara mara dị ka Chicago Seven) bụ ndị ikom asatọ e boro ebubo nkata aghụghọ, na-akpali ọgba aghara, na ebubo ndị ọzọ metụtara ngagharị iwe na-enweghị ime ihe ike na ime ihe ike nke mere na Chicago.<ref name="titleThe Trial of The Chicago Seven">{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chicago7.html|title=The Trial of The Chicago Seven (or Chicago Eight)|accessdate=February 14, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211122204/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chicago7.html|archivedate=February 11, 2008}}</ref> Ndị mbụ na-eme ngagharị iwe / ndị a na-ebo ebubo, nke nnukwu ndị ọka ikpe boro ebubo na Machị 20, n'afọ 1969, gụnyere Davis, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, [[David Dellinger]], Tom Hayden, John Froines, Lee Weiner, na Bobby Seale, onye ndú Black Panther.<ref name="NYT obit"/><ref name="George">{{Cite news|title=The Chicago 7: A timeline of the protests, the clashes, the trial and the fallout|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-ent-chicago-7-timeline-history-20201016-ftnnca2cbfe5lfyekyoo6ezxrm-story.html|first=Doug|author=George|date=October 16, 2020|accessdate=February 3, 2021|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> N'oge mmalite nke ikpe ahụ, e kewapụrụ ikpe Seale na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="George"/> Ndị ọka iwu asaa nke Chicago bụ William Kunstler na Leonard Weinglass nke Center for Constitutional Rights. Onye ọka ikpe ahụ bụ Julius Hoffman. Ndị ọkà iwu bụ Richard Schultz na Tom Foran. Ikpe ahụ malitere na ụbọchị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba, n'afọ 1969. N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba, a kpọrọ ndị National Guard nke Illinois ka ha sonyere ndị uwe ojii Chicago maka ịchịkwa ìgwè mmadụ, ka ngagharị iwe na-eto n'èzí ụlọ ikpe.<ref name="titleThe Trial of The Chicago Seven"/> A mara Davis ikpe maka ịkpali ọgba aghara ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ ise. A tụgharịrị ikpe ya na mkpegharị ikpe.<ref name="NYT obit"/> Na akaebe ya, nke e nyere na Jenụwarị mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na atọ n'afọ, 1970, Davis kọrọ, maka Ụlọ ikpe, okwu o kwuru na Mahadum Chicago na Nọvemba 20, 1967, na, site n'ịgbatị, ihe kpatara ya ji gosipụta na Democratic National Convention. Mgbochi nke akaebe ya mere ka ndị na-agbachitere ya mee ihe maka ikpe ikpe na-ezighị ezi. N'oge okwu ya, Davis welitere obere bọọlụ ígwè na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ihe dị ka bọọlụ tennis, ma kọwaa etu ụgbọ elu agha America F-105 si tụba 640 n'ime ha n'elu Nam Ding, Vietnam.<ref name="testimony">{{Cite web|url=https://www.famous-trials.com/chicago8/1351-testimony-davis.org/|title=Famous Trials: Testimony of Rennie Davis|author=Linder|first=Professor Douglas O.|work=Famous Trials|accessdate=October 9, 2021}}</ref>   Foran jụrụ na usoro na usoro eji eme ihe n'oge agha Vietnam enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ma ndị mmadụ nọ na United States nwere ikike ịga njem na azụmahịa interstate iji kpalie ọgba aghara. Ụlọikpe ahụ kwadoro mgbagha ahụ ma Kunstler rịọrọ ka ikpe ghara ịdị mma.<ref name="testimony"/> == Ọrụ Ìhè Chineke == Na mbido afọ 1970, Davis ghọrọ onye na-eso Guru Maharaj Ji (Prem Rawat). Ọ bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ma na-ekwu okwu na ihe omume Millennium '73 nke Divine Light Mission haziri na Houston Astrodome. Ọ kọwara mbata Guru Maharaj Ji dị ka,   ''Texas'' Monthly hotara Davis ka ọ na-ekwu, sị: "A ga-echeta obodo a n'oge niile nke mmepeanya mmadụ. "<ref>{{Cite news|author=Dreyer|first=Thorne|title=God Goes to the Astrodome|work=[[Texas Monthly]]|publisher=Emmis Communications|date=January 1, 1974|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/preview/1974-01-01/feature3}} </ref> Otu edemede na San Francisco Sunday Examiner kwuru n'oge ahụ ma Davis ọ bụrụ na e meela lobotomy, ma kwuo, "Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, ma eleghị anya ọ ga-anwale otu". == Ntọala maka Ụmụ Mmadụ Ọhụrụ == Davis mechara bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ego na onye nkuzi na ntụgharị uche na ịma onwe onye. O mepụtara Foundation for a New Humanity, ụlọ ọrụ mmepe teknụzụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-azụ ahịa na-azụlite teknụzụ ọganihu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190729122806/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/chicago10/chicago10.html "Chicago 10"], PBS, Independent Lens</ref> Ọ pụtara na ''Larry King Live'', Barbara Walters, CNN, Phil Donahue, VH1, na mmemme telivishọn ndị ọzọ. Ọ gakwuuru ma nye ndụmọdụ na atụmatụ azụmaahịa maka ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500. Davis laghachiri Chicago maka 1996 Democratic National Convention iji kwuo okwu na "Festival of Life" na Grant Park. Ọ pụtakwara na otu panel ya na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe Tom Hayden na-atụle "mgbochi na-aga n'ihu na ikike okpukpe".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/DavisR.htm|title=The trial of the Chicago Seven|date=n.d.|publisher=University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law|accessdate=December 7, 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205202326/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/DavisR.htm|archivedate=December 5, 2004}}</ref> N'otu edemede e bipụtara na Iowa Source na 2005, Davis kwuru, sị:   == Ọnwụ == Davis nwụrụ na Febụwarị 2, 2021, n'ụlọ ya na Berthoud, Colorado. Ọ dị afọ iri asatọ ma na-arịa ọrịa lymphoma, nke a chọpụtara naanị izu abụọ tupu ọnwụ ya.<ref name="NYT obit"/> == Omenala a ma ama == * Robert Carradine mere Rennie Davis na ihe nkiri 1987 Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/conspiracy_the_trial_of_the_chicago_8|title=Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8 (1987)|work=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=February 3, 2021}}</ref> * Davis na-ekwupụta onwe ya na 2007 animated documentary ''Chicago 10''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/chicago10/credits.html|title=Chicago 10 Film Credits|publisher=PBS|accessdate=February 3, 2021|archivedate=April 18, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418225043/https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/chicago10/credits.html}}</ref> * Na ihe nkiri 2010 The ''Chicago 8'' Davis bụ Bret Harrison mere ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Checking in with Bret Harrison|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/286498396/|page=19|first=Jay|author=Bobbin|date=July 5, 2015|accessdate=February 3, 2021|work=Valley Morning Star}}</ref> * Alex Sharp gosipụtara Davis na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke 2020 The Trial of the Chicago 7.<ref name="NYT obit"/> == Hụkwa == * Aka ekpe Ọhụrụ * Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme udo * Yippies == Ihe edeturu na ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Nke Mark L. Levine, George C. McNamee na Daniel Greenberg dezigharịrị / Okwu mbido nke Aaron Sorkin. Ikpe nke Chicago 7: The Official Transcript. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2020.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5509-4|978-1-9821-5509-4]] * Edere ya na mmeghe nke Jon Wiener. Mkpọtụ n'okporo ámá: Ikpe pụrụ iche nke Chicago Seven. Okwu ikpeazụ nke Tom Hayden na eserese nke Jules Feiffer. New York: The New Press, 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-833-7|978-1-56584-833-7]] * Nke Judy Clavir na John Spitzer dezigharịrị. ''The Conspiracy Trial: Ihe edere edere edekọ nke ikpe nke Chicago Eight. Ejiri mmegharị, mkpebi, nkwupụta nlelị, ahịrịokwu na foto.'' Okwu mmeghe nke William Kunstler na okwu mbido nke Leonard Weinglass. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1970.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-224-00579-0|0-224-00579-0]].  [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16214206 16214206] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ikpe nkwekọrịta nke Chicago Seven''. Okwu mmalite nke Carl Oglesby. Chicago: Mahadum nke Chicago Press, 2020.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780226760742|9780226760742]]. (E bipụtara ya na 1972 dị ka Motion Will Be Denied .) * Chatfield, Charles, "At the Hands of Historians: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era", Peace & Change, Mpịakọta nke 29 Mbipụta nke 3ń4 peeji nke 483. July 2004 doi:10.1111/j.0149-0508.2004.00300.x * Johns, Andrew L. "Northern Passage: American Vietnam War Resisters in Canada", ''Journal of Cold War Studies''. Mpịakọta 5, Nọmba 2, Oge opupu ihe ubi 2003, peeji nke 8689 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Supermarket nke Mmụọ. Saturday Review Press/E. P. Dutton & Co. Inc, New York 1975 == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071016121906/http://mediaburn.org/Video-Preview.128.0.html?uid=4247 Ihe ngosi vidiyo], 1974, Independent Video Archive (mediaburn.org), Lord of the Universe (ihe ngosi), Rennie Davis gosipụtara na vidiyo * 3-minute excerpt, Creative Commons License, Internet Archive * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140713062354/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/trials2.htm Chicago asaa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080211122204/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chicago7.html Ikpe Asaa nke Chicago] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205202326/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/DavisR.htm Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ UMKC Law na Chicago Seven] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221016072153/https://omeka.binghamton.edu/omeka/items/show/899 Ajụjụ ọnụ na Rennie Davis] site na Stephen McKiernan, Binghamton University Libraries Center for the Study of the 1960s, October 10, 2009 {{Chicago Seven|state=expanded}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] enzmsfigb7yrv598r1og0prg212m7kt Saado Ali Warsame 0 23322 743511 723536 2026-11-05T21:28:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Saado Ali Warsame <br> سادو علي ورسمه|image=Saadoaliw1.jpg|imagesize=|birth_date=1950|birth_place=[[Buuhoodle]], [[British Somaliland]] (now [[Somalia]])|death_date={{death date and age|2014|7|23|1950|df=y}}|death_place=[[Mogadishu]], [[Somalia]]|office=Member of the [[Federal Parliament of Somalia]]|term_start=20 August 2012|term_end=23 July 2014|primeminister=[[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]]|party=}} '''Saado Ali Warsame''' ({{lang-so|Saado Cali Warsame}}, {{lang-ar|سادو علي ورسمه}}; 1950 – 23 July 2014) was a Somali-[[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|American]] singer-songwriter and politician. She served as a lawmaker in the Federal Parliament of Somalia representing [[Puntland]] State of Somalia. A prominent figure in traditional Somali music, her art and legislative work were centered on political and social justice. She was killed by Islamists in Mogadishu. == Personal life == Warsame was born in 1950 in Buuhoodle, situated in the Togdheer region of [[Somalia]].<ref name="Msimk">{{Cite news|title=Madaxweynaha Somalia Iyo Masuuliyiin Kale Oo Ka Qaybgalay Aas Qaran she changed the way Of life in somail with her songs cashapp $dontrun5678 Oo Loo Sameeyay Fanaanadii Caanka Ahayd Ee Marxuumad Saado Cali Warsame|url=http://www.araweelonews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5134:madaxweynaha-somalia-iyo-masuuliyiin-kale-oo-ka-qaybgalay-aas-qaran-oo-loo-sameeyay-fanaanadii-caanka-ahayd-ee-marxuumad-saado-cali-warsame&catid=1:article&Itemid=7|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> She came from a nomadic family from the Dhulbahante sub-clan of the Harti Darod.<ref name="Wssfla"/><ref name="Dcxsc">{{Cite news|title=DHAGEYSO COD:— Xildhibaan Saado Cali: Sool, Sanaag iyo Cayn Puntland ayay ka mid yihiin, Xildhibaanadana waa Lasoo Xulayaa|url=http://gaafo.com/272427/dhageyso-cod-xildhibaan-saado-cali-soolsanaag-iyo-cayn-puntland-ayay-ka-mid-yihiinxildhibaanadana-waa-lasoo-xulayaa/|accessdate=23 July 2014|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020161537/http://gaafo.com/272427/dhageyso-cod-xildhibaan-saado-cali-soolsanaag-iyo-cayn-puntland-ayay-ka-mid-yihiinxildhibaanadana-waa-lasoo-xulayaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the start of the civil war in Somalia in the early 1990s, Warsame moved to Minneapolis, [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]].<ref name="Fscw">{{Cite news|title=Fanaanada Saado Cali Warsame Oo Iska Casishay Xubinimadii Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya, + Puntland Iyo Khaatumo Oo Ku Loomaya Jagadaas Buuxinteeda|url=http://shiniilenews.com/?p=5402|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=23 March 2013|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430172624/http://www.shiniilenews.com/?p=5402|url-status=dead}}</ref> She later resided for a while in St. Cloud.<ref name="Tslkimdbs">{{Cite news|title=Somali lawmaker killed in Mogadishu drive-by shooting|url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_26205916/somali-lawmaker-killed-mogadishu-drive-by-shooting|accessdate=28 July 2014|date=23 July 2014}}</ref> In 2012, Warsame moved to Somalia to serve in the newly established Federal Government based in Mogadishu.<ref name="Sfmgdimarr">{{Cite news|title=Somalia: Female MP gunned down in Mogadishu amid Ramadan rampage|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Female-MP-gunned-down-in-Mogadishu-amid-Ramadan-rampage_printer.shtml|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=23 July 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812100952/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Female-MP-gunned-down-in-Mogadishu-amid-Ramadan-rampage_printer.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Career == === Music === [[Usòrò:Saadoaliw4.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Saadoaliw4.jpg/220px-Saadoaliw4.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Saado Ali Warsame performing at a Somali community event organized in her honour (2011).]] Warsame was a prominent figure in traditional Somali music.<ref name="Sfmgdimarr"/> Her art was noted for its emphasis on political and social justice, as well as nationalism and romantic love. She often made use of satire, metaphor and historical allusions to convey complex themes in an understandable manner.<ref name="Wssfla"/> Warsame's song "Laand Karuusar" criticized kleptocracy in the ruling military junta.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Swiss Review of World Affairs|volume=39-40|issue=Volumes 39-40}}</ref> She also blamed incompetent management for infrastructural dilapidation of Mogadishu's then two five-star hotels, establishments which had originally been built with public funds. Additionally, Warsame was one of several prominent Somali artists that took part in the long-running "Deelley" serial poem. She used the opportunity to defend the cause of northerners from the increasingly authoritarian southern-based regime.<ref name="Wssfla">{{Cite web|author=Abdulla|first=Ali H.|title=Saado Sings for Las Anod|url=http://wardheernews.com/Articles_2010/April/Ali_Abdulla/07_Sado_sings_for_Las_Anod.html|publisher=WardheerNews|accessdate=24 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528123624/http://wardheernews.com/Articles_2010/April/Ali_Abdulla/07_Sado_sings_for_Las_Anod.html|archivedate=28 May 2012}}</ref> After the start of the civil war in the 1990s, Warsame's compositions emphasized national identity and participation in the post-conflict reconstruction process. Her "Aan kuu Taliyo" humorously satirized political infighting. Warsame also supported former Vice President of Somalia Muhammad Ali Samatar during a civil lawsuit that had been filed against him in 2009, believing that he was being unfairly singled out as a member of the former regime.<ref name="Wssfla"/> In addition, Warsame was critical of [[Somaliland]]. Her song "Libdhimeyside Laas Caanood, Laba maahaa Waddankeennu" in particular hails the city of Las Anod, which Somaliland troops captured in 2007, for its historical role as the cradle of the nationalist and anti-colonial Dervish movement.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The title translates as "O Las Anod, you will always remain a part of Somalia, Our country is one."<ref name="Wssfla"/> === Member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia === Following the establishment of the Federal Parliament of Somalia in 2012, Warsame moved to the capital Mogadishu, situated in the southeastern Banaadir province. She subsequently served as an MP in the new legislature, representing the northeastern [[Puntland]] regional state's constituency.<ref name="Sfmgdimarr"/> [[Usòrò:Afiishhd2.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Afiishhd2.png/220px-Afiishhd2.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Abdulkadir Ali speaking at an event in commemoration of Saado Ali Warsame.]] On 23 July 2014, Warsame and her driver were gunned down by unknown assailants in Mogadishu as she was being driven to a hotel.<ref name="Sfmgdimarr"/><ref name="Slsdids">{{Cite news|title=Somali lawmaker shot dead in drive-by shooting|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somali-lawmaker-shot-dead-in-drive-by-shooting_printer.shtml|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=23 July 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812100942/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somali-lawmaker-shot-dead-in-drive-by-shooting_printer.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack, which it said was part of its assassination campaign against Somali legislators. President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, UN Special Representative for Somalia Nicholas Kay,<ref name="Smmswc">{{Cite news|title=Somalia: MP murder sparks widespread condemnation|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-MP-murder-sparks-widespread-condemnation_printer.shtml|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=23 July 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812100919/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-MP-murder-sparks-widespread-condemnation_printer.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ambassador of [[Jémanị|Germany]] to Somalia Andreas Peschke,<ref name="Sgcmsmsaw">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Germany Condemns Murder of Somali MP Saado Ali Warsame|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/07/somalia-germany-condemns-murder-of-somali-mp-saado-ali-warsame/|accessdate=25 July 2014|date=25 July 2014|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022151135/https://raxanreeb.com/2014/07/somalia-germany-condemns-murder-of-somali-mp-saado-ali-warsame/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the U.S. Department of State all issued statements condemning the assassination and expressing condolences to Warsame's family.<ref name="Smmswc" /><ref name="Usctkosmsawim">{{Cite news|title=United States Condemns the Killing of Somali MP Saado Ali Warsame in Mogadishu|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Press_Releases_32/United-States-Condemns-the-Killing-of-Somali-MP-Saado-Ali-Warsame-in-Mogadishu_printer.shtml|accessdate=23 July 2014|date=23 July 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812101007/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Press_Releases_32/United-States-Condemns-the-Killing-of-Somali-MP-Saado-Ali-Warsame-in-Mogadishu_printer.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Somali American community leaders in Minnesota also requested a full investigation by the State Department into her death.<ref name="Sslhsmt">{{Cite news|title=Slain Somali Lawmaker Had Strong MN Ties|url=http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/07/23/slain-somali-lawmaker-spent-years-in-minnesota/|accessdate=24 July 2014|publisher=CBS Minnesota|date=23 July 2014}}</ref> Additionally, Prime Minister Ahmed vowed to apprehend the perpetrators.<ref name="Spmvpmsawtb">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Prime Minister vows perpetrators of MP Saado Ali Warsame to be brought to book|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/07/somalia-prime-minister-vows-perpetrators-of-mp-saado-ali-warsame-to-be-brought-to-book/|accessdate=25 July 2014|date=24 July 2014}}</ref> In April 2015, two Al-Shabaab operatives were sentenced to death and later executed for Warsame's assassination and the murder of several other federal officials.<ref name="Gcsaasmtd">{{Cite news|title=Somali court sentences alleged Al Shabaab members to death|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12612|accessdate=6 April 2015|date=6 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020161537/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12612|archive-date=20 October 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Gkpssepfs">{{Cite news|title=Killers of popular of Somali singer Executed in Public by Firing Squad|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=13840|accessdate=13 May 2015|date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094352/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=13840|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 24 July 2014, the Federal Government held a state funeral in honour of Warsame at the Villa Somalia presidential compound in the capital. President Mohamud, Prime Minister Ahmed, Parliament Speaker Mohamed Osman Jawari, First Deputy Speaker of Parliament Jaylaani Nur Ikar, Mayor of Mogadishu Hassan Mohamed Hussein Mungab, cabinet ministers, legislators, popular artists and former colleagues all attended the service, where Janaza prayers were read. Warsame was subsequently laid to rest at the Medina Hospital cemetery in Mogadishu's Wadajir district.<ref name="Gssfhfpmms">{{Cite news|title=Somalia: State Funeral held for popular musician, MP Saado|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-State-Funeral-held-for-popular-musician-MP-Saado_printer.shtml|accessdate=25 July 2014|date=24 July 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812104958/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-State-Funeral-held-for-popular-musician-MP-Saado_printer.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rssmsawltrim">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Slain MP Saado Ali Warsame laid to rest in Mogadishu|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/07/somalia-slain-mp-saado-ali-warsame-laid-to-rest-in-mogadishu/|accessdate=25 July 2014|date=24 July 2014|archive-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727063739/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/07/somalia-slain-mp-saado-ali-warsame-laid-to-rest-in-mogadishu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Awards == [[Usòrò:Saadoaliw3.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Saadoaliw3.jpg/220px-Saadoaliw3.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Fellow Somalis Hodan Nalayeh and Hassan Abdillahi honouring Saado Ali Warsame at an SRAP event in Toronto (2011).]] In 2011, Warsame was presented a Lifetime Achievement Award by fellow Somalis Hodan Nalayeh of the SRAP and Hassan Abdillahi "Karate" of Ogaal Radio at an SRAP event in Toronto.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Omar|first=Farid|title=Superstar Saado Ali Warsame Receives Gold Record Award Special|url=http://wardheernews.com/News_2011/June/08_Sado_Ali_Warsame_recieves_an_award_from_her_fans.html|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=8 June 2011|archive-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728081820/http://wardheernews.com/News_2011/June/08_Sado_Ali_Warsame_recieves_an_award_from_her_fans.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Discography == * "Laand Karuusar" * "Aan kuu Taliyo" * "Libdhimeyside Laas Caanood, Laba maahaa Waddankeennu" == See also == {{Commons category|Saado Ali Warsame}} * Music of Somalia == References == <references group="" responsive="0"></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Warsame, Saado Ali}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5n140rvqihkyma9vl12ka8f7pu6qija Peace Efih 0 23459 743467 708714 2026-11-05T15:05:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Peace Ewomazino Efih (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2000) bụ onye Naijirịa na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti maka klọb Ligat Nashim nke Israel FC Kiryat Gat na ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/peace-efih_prs458501/person.shtml|title=Peace Efih|work=EuroSports}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Edo Queens na Rivers Angels na Nigeria Women Premier League . Na 2018 WAFU Zone B Women's Cup, Efih gbara naanị goolu n'egwuregwu mbụ nke [[Nigeria women's national football team|Naịjirịa]] na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/wafu-womens-cup-efih-grabs-match-winner-against-mali/|title=WAFU Women's Cup: Efih Grabs Match-winner Against Mali|date=2018-02-16|work=Brila|accessdate=2019-07-21|archivedate=2018-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423094758/http://www.brila.net/wafu-womens-cup-efih-grabs-match-winner-against-mali/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/wafu-womens-cup-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-ongoing-football-tournament/2k6s6h1|title=5 things you need to know about the ongoing football tournament|work=Pulse|accessdate=2019-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721220057/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/wafu-womens-cup-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-ongoing-football-tournament/2k6s6h1|archive-date=2019-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Julaị 2019, Efih bịanyere aka na Sporting de Huelva na nkwekọrịta otu afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/nigeria-midfielder-peace-efih-joins-sporting-de-huelva-from/1u5udinam03up1qy5yiq30roey|title=Nigeria midfielder Peace Efih joins Sporting de Huelva from Rivers Angels|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|work=Goal.com|accessdate=2019-07-21}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] natspnbtyui0fei5idyyx8peixc6tg6 Thérèse King 0 23484 743562 654201 2026-11-06T05:43:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thérèse King''' (15 Julaị 1934 na Ziguinchor<ref name="DEC">{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Décret n°2010-639 du 7 juin 2010|work=Journal officiel de la République du Sénégal|url=http://www.jors.gouv.sn/spip.php?article8233}}</ref> 16 Eprel 2015 na Dakar) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Senegal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.seneweb.com/news/Necrologie/deces-de-mme-therese-king-ancienne-minis_n_152918.html|title=Décès de Mme Thérèse King, ancienne ministre de la Santé sous Diouf|work=Seneweb News|date=April 17, 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ Minista nke Ahụike Ọha site n'ọnwa Eprel 5th, 1988 ruo n'ọnwa Machị 27th, 1990 n'okpuru onye isi ala Abdou Diouf.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.sante.gouv.sn/anciens-ministres|title=Les anciens ministres|publisher=Ministry of Health and Social Action (Senegal)|accessdate=October 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025231633/http://www.sante.gouv.sn/anciens-ministres|archive-date=October 25, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GOUV">{{Cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.sengenre-ucad.org/gouvernements-senegal.pdf|title=Gouvernements du Sénégal de 1957 à 2007]|work=Site Équité et égalité de genre au Sénégal|publisher=Laboratoire GENRE, [[Cheikh Anta Diop University]]|accessdate=2019-10-25|archivedate=2013-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626194756/http://www.sengenre-ucad.org/gouvernements-senegal.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ bụ ndị minista gọọmentị na Senegal, na nwanyị nke abụọ bụ Minista nke Ahụike Ọha mgbe Marie Sarr Mbodj gasịrị. N'afọ 2010, e mere ya Grand Cross nke National Order of the Lion.<ref name="DEC" /> == Ebenside == ddn21j6upennds94r9bc07f1v43nyuv Uru Eke 0 23761 743577 196792 2026-11-06T08:29:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Usòrò:Uru eke (cropped).jpg|thumb|Uru Eke]] '''Uru Eke''' {{Audio|Ig-Uru Eke.ogg|Audio}} (amụrụ n'October 11, 1979) bụ onye Naijirịa na-eme ihe nkiri na [[Actor|onye]] na-emepụta ihe nkiri. A maara ya ''maka'' mmepụta mbụ ya "Cheta M", ọrụ ya dị ka Obi na usoro weebụ na-ewu ewu nke [[Ndani TV]] Rumour Has It. Last Flight to Abuja, Africa Magic's Drama series BABY Drama na ''ihe nkiri'' ya nke abụọ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe a na-akpọ For Old Times' Sake .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/im-not-a-stupid-romantic-uru-eke/|title=I'm not a stupid romantic - Uru Eke - Vanguard News|date=1 June 2013|work=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, onye bụ ọkachamara IT tupu ọ banye [[Nollywood]], ka na-ekerịta oge ya n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na ụwa Tech.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-31|title=I'm not a stupid romantic - Uru Eke|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/im-not-a-stupid-romantic-uru-eke/|accessdate=2021-02-27|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Eke bụ nwa Mbaise nke Imo Steetị, South-Eastern Niajirịa, mana a mụrụ ya na Newham, East London na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]].<ref name="ng" /> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Galleywall Infants School, London, tupu ọ kwaga [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] ebe ọ gara Gideon Comprehensive High School maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. N'ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya, ọ laghachiri [[London]] wee gaa Lewisham College tupu ọ gaa Mahadum Greenwich ebe ọ gụrụ Business Information Technology.<ref name="ng">{{Cite web|url=http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-uru-eke-im-from-mbaise-in-imo-state-but-was-born-in-london-uk/|title=Nollywood Actress Uru Eke: I’m From Mbaise In Imo State But Was Born In London UK|work=Sunday Telegraph|publisher=www.naijagists.com|author=Okwara|first=Vanessa|date=17 April 2016|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uru Eke|url=https://alumni.gre.ac.uk/yourstories/uru-eke/|accessdate=2022-07-20|work=Alumni {{!}} University of Greenwich|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005000248/https://alumni.gre.ac.uk/yourstories/uru-eke/|archive-date=2022-10-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ IT na Zurich Insurance Group wee gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ego na UK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-02|title=Uru Eke: From Acting To Producing|url=https://guardian.ng/life/spotlight/uru-eke-from-acting-to-producing/|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716165037/https://guardian.ng/life/spotlight/uru-eke-from-acting-to-producing/}}</ref> Uru gbanwere ọrụ na 2011 ma gaa n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/the-greatest-lesson-life-has-taught-me-uru-eke/|title=The greatest lesson life has taught me —Uru Eke|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]|author=Boulor|first=Ahmed|date=13 March 2013|accessdate=8 October 2016}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == * ''Gbaghaara Nna m'' (2009) * ''Ụgbọelu Ikpeazụ E Mere Abuja''<ref>{{Cite web|author=Duthiers|first=Vladimir|date=2012-09-04|title='Last flight to Abuja': Nollywood thriller campaigns for safer skies|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/09/04/world/africa/obi-emelonye-nollywood-abuja/index.html|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> * ''Ịbụ Oriakụ Elliot'' (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nollywood movie review: Being Mrs. Elliot|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/168747-nollywood-movie-review-being-mrs-elliot.html|work=Premium Times|publisher=Onyinye Muomah|accessdate=28 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BEING MRS ELLIOT / OMONI OBOLI, MAJID MICHEL|url=http://9flix.com/watch/915|work=9FLIX|publisher=9flix|accessdate=20 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613081255/http://9flix.com/watch/915|archivedate=13 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Being Mrs Elliott' Watch movie review by Adenike Adebayo|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/being-mrs-elliott-watch-movie-review-by-adenike-adebayo-id3803378.html|work=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=Chidumga Izuzu|accessdate=28 May 2015|archivedate=28 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528143847/http://pulse.ng/movies/being-mrs-elliott-watch-movie-review-by-adenike-adebayo-id3803378.html}}</ref> * ''Mmadụ ole na ole dị mma'' * ''Ngwụsị izu Getaway'' * ''Ịchọta Ịhụnanya'' * ''Duplex'' (2015) * ''Cheta M'' (2016) Emere ma mepụta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/03/cinema-review-remember-me-is-uru-ekes-remarkable-debut-attempt/|title=Cinema Review: 'Remember Me' is Uru Eke’s remarkable debut attempt|accessdate=2017-07-03|language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Asịrị Nwere Ya'' (2016) * Crazy, Lovely, Cool (2018) * ''Africa Magics Baby Drama'' * ''Maka Oge Ochie'' == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị Naijirịa na-eme ihe nkiri * Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri Naijiria == Ihe odide == <div class="reflist"> <references responsive="1"></references> </div> == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * {{IMDb name|3373165}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bkdnby251jnkilpqw70hyp6sn06la24 Tobi Amusan 0 24060 743567 742200 2026-11-06T06:18:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743567 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Oluwatobiloba Ayomide "Tobi" Amusan OON // (na-ege ntị) (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprelụ n'afọ 1997) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|onye Naijirịa]] na-eme egwuregwu track and field onye na-eme nke ọma na 100 mita hurdles ma na-asọ mpi dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ.<ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web|title=Tobi AMUSAN – Athlete Profile|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/nigeria/tobi-amusan-14579526|work=[[World Athletics]]|accessdate=2021-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/african-juniors-nigerian-athletes-full-of-expectations/|title=African juniors: Nigerian athletes full of expectations|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|author=Ben Efe|date=5 March 2015|accessdate=15 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/aag-nigeria-unleash-track-and-field-warriors/|title=AAG: Nigeria Unleash Track And Field Warriors|work=[[Complete Sports]]|date=13 September 2015|accessdate=15 September 2015|archivedate=13 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913181535/http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/aag-nigeria-unleash-track-and-field-warriors/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye mmeri ụwa, Commonwealth na Africa ugbu a na 100m hurdles, yana, onye na-edekọ ihe ndekọ na asọmpi atọ ahụ. Amusan ghọrọ oṅye mmeri ụwa mbụ nke Naijirịa n'ihe omume egwuregwu mgbe ọ meriri ihe nrite ọla edo nke 2022 World Championships 100 m hurdles, na-etinye ihe ndekọ ụwa ugbu a nke 12.12 sekọnd na ọkara ikpeazụ, nke ikuku 12.06 na-enyere aka na ngwụcha iji were ọla edo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-25|title=Nigeria's Tobi Amusan sets new world record in 100m hurdles|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220725-nigeria-s-tobi-amusan-sets-new-world-record-in-100m-hurdles|accessdate=2022-07-25|work=France 24|language=en}}</ref> O meriri n'ọkwa Commonwealth na nke Afrika na 2018 na 2022 na 100m hurdles ma bụrụkwa onye mmeri ugboro abụọ nke African Games na ihe omume ahụ.<ref name="El Paso CWG article">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/sports/college/utep/2018/04/13/utep-miner-el-paso-tobi-amusan-wins-gold-commonwealth-games/514453002/|title=Ex-UTEP Miner, El Pasoan Tobi Amusan wins gold at Commonwealth Games|work=El Paso Times|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/obiri-ta-lou-samaai-african-champs-day-2|title=Obiri and Ta Lou dominate, Samaai defeats Manyonga at African Championships in Asaba{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org|work=www.iaaf.org|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-03}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, Amusan ghọrọ onye egwuregwu Naijirịa mbụ meriri Diamond League ka ọ ṅa-ewere 100m hurdles Trophy, na-emebi ihe ndekọ Afrịka nke Glory Alozie nwere n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2021/09/09/tobi-amusan-breaks-african-record-becomes-1st-nigerian-to-win-a-diamond-league-trophy/|title=Tobi Amusan breaks African Record & becomes 1st Nigerian to win a Diamond League Trophy|date=9 September 2021}}</ref> Ọ ṅọgidere n'ọkwa ya n'afọ 2022. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Tobi Amusan na Eprelụ 23, 1997, na Ijebu Ode, Ogun Steetị, Naijirịa, nye Maazị na Oriakụ. Amusan bụ ndị nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ. Tobi, dị ka a ṅa-akpọ ya nke ọma, bụ ṅwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/544930-tobi-amusan-nigerias-almost-girl-who-now-rules-the-world.html|title=Tobi Amusan: Nigeria's 'almost girl' who now rules the world|date=26 July 2022}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọọndrị Our Lady of Apostles, Ijebu Ode.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/07/26/tobi-amusan-biography-age-humble-beginnings-relationship-world-record-and-more/|title=Tobi Amusan: Biography, Age, Humble Beginnings, Relationship, World Record and More|date=26 July 2022|access-date=25 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025002323/https://newswirengr.com/2022/07/26/tobi-amusan-biography-age-humble-beginnings-relationship-world-record-and-more/|archive-date=25 October 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Site na nwata, Amusan bụ oṅye na-eme egwuregwu. Ọ bụ oṅye ṅwetara ọlaọcha na 2013 African Youth Championships na [[Warri]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201304010843.html|title=Africa: Nigeria Wins African Youth Athletics Championships|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|date=2013-03-31|accessdate=2016-07-28|work=All AFrica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africathle.com/2013/03/28/african-youth-championships-2013/|title=African Youth Championships, Warri (Nigeria) 28-31/03/2013 {{!}} Africathle|author=admin|accessdate=2016-07-28|archivedate=2016-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311135923/http://www.africathle.com/2013/03/28/african-youth-championships-2013/}}</ref> O kwukwara na ọ bụ ọla edo na 100 mita ihe mgbochi na 2015 African Junior Athletics Championships na [[Addis Ababa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makingofchamps.com/2015/03/07/fantastic-friday-for-team-nigeria-as-brume-oduduru-others-strike-gold-on-day-2-of-african-juniors/|title=Fantastic Friday for Team Nigeria as Brume, Oduduru, others strike GOLD on Day 2 of African Juniors!|publisher=Making of Champions|date=7 March 2015|accessdate=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521092004/http://www.makingofchamps.com/2015/03/07/fantastic-friday-for-team-nigeria-as-brume-oduduru-others-strike-gold-on-day-2-of-african-juniors/|archive-date=21 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, mgbe ọ na-eme egwuregwu All-Africa nke mbụ ya dị ka ọṅye dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ meriri ihe nrite ọla edo na 100 mita ihe mgbochi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.supersport.mobi/football/nigeria-features/news/150915/Amusan_wins_womens_100m_hurdles_gold|title=Amusan wins women's 100m hurdles gold|work=[[SuperSports]]|author=George Akpanyen|date=15 September 2015|accessdate=15 September 2015}}</ref> === 2016 === N'afọ 2016, dị ka onye ọhụrụ maka Mahadum Texas na El Paso (UTEP), Amusan ghọrọ onye egwuregwu nke abụọ maka mahadum a ga-akpọ C-USA Female Track athlete of the Year kemgbe UTEP sonyeere C-USA.<ref name="El Paso CWG article"/> Ọ bụ onye ṅwetara ọla edo na 100 mH na 200 m. Ọ kwukwara na ọ bụ ọlaọcha na ogologo ịwụli elu na C-USA Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://utepathletics.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=1312|title=Tobi Amusan - Track & Field|work=The University of Texas at El Paso Athletics|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-03}}</ref> Amusan bu ụzọ mebie ihe mgbochi 13s na ihe mgbochi na oge nke 12.83s na El Paso UTEP Invitational. Nke a kpuchiri ihe ṅdekọ UTEP nke 100 mH nke Kim Turner nke guzo ruo afọ 33.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/tobi-amusan-konrad-bukowiecki-shot-hurdles|title=IAAF: Continental U20 records for Amusan and Bukowiecki{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org|author=Mulkeen|first=Jon|date=2016-05-01|accessdate=2016-07-28|work=iaaf.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/05/01/amusan-breaks-33-year-old-school-record-uteps-spring-invitational/|title=Amusan shatters 33-year old School Record, qualifies for Rio 2016!|author=Fameso|first=Funmi|date=2016-05-01|accessdate=2016-07-28|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818035249/http://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/05/01/amusan-breaks-33-year-old-school-record-uteps-spring-invitational/|archive-date=2016-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na 2016 NCAA Outdoor Championships na 100 mH. Ọ gbara ọsọ 12.79 s n'azụ Jasmine Camacho-Quinn nke Kentucky. Amusan sonyekwara na 2016 World Junior Championships na Bydgoszcz. N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-agba ọsọ oge nke abụọ kachasị ọsọ, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke ise na nke ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/world-u20-bydgoszcz-2016-women-100m-hurdles1|title=IAAF: Report: women's 100m hurdles – IAAF World U20 Championships Bydgoszcz 2016{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org|author=Mulkeen|first=Jon|date=2016-07-24|work=iaaf.org|accessdate=2016-07-28}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu na-anọchite anya Naịjirịa na Rio Olympic Games, na-eru na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 100 mH.<ref name="WAprofile"/> === 2017 === Na asọmpi mbụ ya n'èzí n'afọ 2017, ọ gbara ọsọ kachasị mma na UTEP nke 12.63 s na 100 mita ihe mgbochi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/sports/college/utep/2017/03/25/amusan-runs-best-time-world-utep-meet/99628670/|title=Amusan runs best time in world at UTEP meet|work=El Paso Times|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-03}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye mmeri C-USA na ihe omume ọkachamara ya nakwa onye na-esote na mita 200. Na 2017 NCAA Outdoor Championships, e nwere mgbanwe nke ṅjedebe na 100 mita ihe mgbochi. N'asọmpi dị egwu, Amusan kwuru na ọ bụ Camacho-Quinn bụ onye mmeri n'afọ gara aga. O mere nke a n'oge ndekọ nke onwe ya nke 12.57 s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.com/sites/default/files/external/track-field/results/d1/outdoor17/final/029-2_compiled.htm|title=Women 100 Meter Hurdles|work=www.ncaa.com|accessdate=2019-05-03}}</ref> Ọ ṅọchitekwara anya Naijirịa na World Championships na [[London]] n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.<ref name="WAprofile"/> === 2018: Commonwealth, na onye mmeri Afrịka === Ọ gbara ọsọ kachasị mma nke 7.89 s na 60 mita mgbochi na mmalite nke oge 2018 ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na-anọchite anya mba ya na Birmingham World Indoor Championships na-eru na ngwụcha nke ihe mgbochi mita 60.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://connectnigeria.com/articles/2020/01/women-you-should-know-oluwatobiloba-ayomide-amusan/|title=Women You Should Know- Oluwatobiloba Ayomide Amusan • Connect Nigeria|author=Aluwong|first=Jeremiah|date=2020-01-20|work=Connect Nigeria|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-04-25|archivedate=2020-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924210841/https://connectnigeria.com/articles/2020/01/women-you-should-know-oluwatobiloba-ayomide-amusan/}}</ref> Na 2018 Commonwealth Games na Gold Coast, [[Ostraliya|Australia]], 2015 World Champion, Danielle Williams yiri ka ọ bụ onye ọkacha mmasị iji nweta aha ahụ na-enweghị Sally Pearson. Otú ọ dị, na ngwụcha, Amusan gara n'ihu ndị na-asọmpi ya wee merie asọmpi ahụ site na mita doro anya n'ihu Williams.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/commonwealth-games-2018-cheptegei-semenya|title=Cheptegei and Semenya complete Commonwealth doubles with Games records{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org|work=www.iaaf.org|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-03}}</ref><ref name="El Paso CWG article"/> O nwetakwara ọla nchara na 4 x 100 m relay ya na ndị otu ya, Joy Udo-Gabriel, Blessing Okagbare na [[Rosemary Chukwuma]]. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ meriri n'asọmpi African Championship nke mbụ ya na ihe omume ọkachamara ya na Asaba African Championships. Nke a mezuru omenala Naijiria dịka Judy Bell-Gam meriri asọmpi a maka Naijiria na asọmpi Afrịka mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asaba 2018: Ethiopia Nicks First Gold,Ta Lou Storms Into 100m Semis - Complete Sports Nigeria|url=https://www.completesports.com/asaba-2018-ethiopia-nicks-first-gold-ta-lou-storms-into-100m-semis/|author=Usenekong|first=Gold|date=2018-08-02|work=Complete Sports|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-05|archivedate=2020-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813201259/https://www.completesports.com/asaba-2018-ethiopia-nicks-first-gold-ta-lou-storms-into-100m-semis/}}</ref> O kwukwara na o nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na 4 x 100 m relay na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elpasoheraldpost.com/tag/tobi-amusan/|title=Tobi Amusan Archives|work=El Paso Herald-Post|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-25|archivedate=2020-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803112157/https://elpasoheraldpost.com/tag/tobi-amusan/}}</ref> === 2019 === N'October 5, 2019, na 2019 World Championships na Doha, Qatar, ọ gbara ọsọ kachasị mma nke 12.48 s n'oge 100 mita mgbochi. Na ọkara ikpeazụ n'ụbọchị na-esote, ọ ruru nke a kacha mma tupu ọ bụrụ onye nke anọ awa ole na ole ka e mesịrị na nke ikpeazụ na 12.49 s.<ref name="WAprofile"/> === 2021: Onye mmeri mbụ nke Naịjirịa Diamond League === Amusan mechara nke anọ na Tokyo Olympics na oge nke 12.60s. O mechara sọọ mpi na ihe omume ikpeazụ nke Zürich Diamond League, nke ọ meriri na 12.42s, na-aghọ onye Naijiria mbụ meriri ihe nrite Diamond League.<ref name="WAprofile"/> [[Usòrò:Tobi_Amusan_Oregon_2022.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tobi_Amusan_Oregon_2022.jpg/220px-Tobi_Amusan_Oregon_2022.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Amusan mgbe o nwetasịrị ihe ndekọ ụwa na 2022 World Championships na Eugene]] === 2022: Onye mmeri ụwa, Commonwealth, Africa, na Diamond League === Amusan meghere oge 2022 ya site na mmeri 100m hurdles na ihe omume Diamond League na Paris na oge nke 12.41s, na-emebi ndekọ Afrịka site na 0.01s. Ọ gara n'ihu merie ọla edo na 100m hurdles na 2022 African Championships na Mauritius, na-agbachitere aha ya na oge nke 12.57s. O mekwara asọmpi na 4×100m nke ụmụ nwanyị wee merie ọla edo. Na egwuregwu Commonwealth nke afọ 2022, Amusan nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbachitere aha ya, na-emeri nrite ọla edo nke abụọ ya n'usoro na 100m hurdles. O setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ egwuregwu ọhụrụ nke 12.30s. O nyekwara aka mee ka ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị 4x100m nke Naịjirịa nwee ihe nrite ọla edo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/07/unstoppable-tobi-amusan-wins-2-consecutive-gold-medals-at-the-commonwealth-games/|title=Unstoppable Tobi Amusan wins 2 consecutive GOLD medals at the Commonwealth Games|date=2022-08-07|work=Making Of Champions|publisher=Christopher Maduewesi|accessdate=2022-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925061837/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/07/unstoppable-tobi-amusan-wins-2-consecutive-gold-medals-at-the-commonwealth-games/|archive-date=2022-09-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/07/nigerian-teams-win-gold-bronze-4x100m-relay-medals-in-birmingham/|title=Nigerian teams win GOLD & Bronze 4x100m relay medals in Birmingham|date=2022-08-07|work=Making Of Champions|publisher=Christopher Maduewesi|accessdate=2022-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807162526/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/07/nigerian-teams-win-gold-bronze-4x100m-relay-medals-in-birmingham/|archive-date=2022-08-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> O sonyere na 100m hurdles na Lausanne Diamond Race, na-emecha nke abụọ na oge nke 12.60s, n'azụ onye mmeri Olympic Jasmine Camacho-Quinn. Amusan banyere na 2022 World Athletics Championships dị ka onye na-asọ mpi nrite mgbe ọ gwụchara n'ọkwa nke anọ. N'ime okpomọkụ ọ gbara ọsọ ndekọ Afrịka nke 12.40s, na-eme ka ndekọ ochie ya mma site na 0.01s. Na ọkara ikpeazụ, o setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ụwa ọhụrụ nke 12.12s. Ọ meriri oge ya ọzọ na nke ikpeazụ, na-agba ọsọ 12.06s (2.5 m / s ifufe nyere aka, ya mere ọ bụghị WR iwu kwadoro), na-aghọ onye mmeri ụwa mbụ nke Naijiria na World Athletics Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/oregon22/news/report/wch-oregon22-report-women-100m-hurdles|title=Amusan wins world 100m hurdles title after breaking world record in semis &#124; REPORT &#124; WCH 22 &#124; World Athletics}}</ref> Amusan mechiri ogologo oge ya na nke na-aga nke ọma na 2022 site na ịsọ mpi na 100m hurdles na ihe omume ikpeazụ nke Zürich Diamond League, nke ọ meriri na 12.29s iji nọgide na-enwe aha ya. Ọ gwụchara n'ihu Lolo Jones, Britany Anderson, na Camacho-Quinn na nke anọ, na-etinye ndekọ ọhụrụ.<ref name="2022DLfinal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/diamond-league/news/diamond-league-final-zurich-weltklasse-amusan-lyles|title=Amusan and Lyles break meeting records en route to Diamond League wins in Zurich|date=2022-09-08|work=[[World Athletics]]|publisher=Jess Whittington and Jon Mulkeen|accessdate=2022-09-13}}</ref> == Egwuregwu mba ụwa == {|{{AchievementTable|nation=NGA|Event=yes}} |- |rowspan=2|2013 |rowspan=2|[[2013 African Youth Athletics Championships|African Youth Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Warri]], Nigeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[2013 African Youth Athletics Championships#Girls|200 m]] |24.45 |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |[[2013 African Youth Athletics Championships#Girls|Long jump]] |5.52 m |- |rowspan=2|2014 |[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], United States | — |[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |{{AthAbbr|DNS}} |- |[[Athletics at the 2014 African Youth Games|African Youth Games]] |[[Gaborone]], Botswana |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[Athletics at the 2014 African Youth Games#Girls|100 m hurdles]] |13.92 |- |rowspan=2|2015 |[[2015 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |[[Addis Ababa]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2015 African Junior Athletics Championships#Women|100 m hurdles]] |14.26 |- |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games|African Games]] |[[Brazzaville]], Republic of Congo |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |13.15 |- |rowspan=2|2016 |[[2016 IAAF World U20 Championships|World U20 Championships]] |[[Bydgoszcz]], Poland |5th |[[2016 IAAF World U20 Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.95 |- |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |11th (sf) |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.91 |- |2017 |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |14th (sf) |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |13.04 |- |rowspan=7|2018 |[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom |7th |[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres hurdles|60 m hurdles]] |8.05 |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], Australia |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.68 |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] |42.75 |- |rowspan=2|[[2018 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Asaba, Delta|Asaba]], Nigeria |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2018 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.86 |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2018 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] |43.77 |- |rowspan=2|[[2018 IAAF Continental Cup|Continental Cup]] |rowspan=2|[[Ostrava]], Czech Republic |5th |[[2018 IAAF Continental Cup – Results|100 m hurdles]] |12.96 |- | — |[[2018 IAAF Continental Cup – Results|4 × 100 m relay]] |{{AthAbbr|DQ}} {{Abbr|163.3(a)|Lane infringement}} |- |rowspan=2|2019 |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games|African Games]] |[[Rabat, Morocco]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.68 |- |[[2019 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Doha, Qatar]] |4th |[[2019 World Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.49 |- |rowspan=2|2021 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Tokyo, Japan]] |4th |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.60 |- |12th (h) |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] |43.25 |- |rowspan=3|2022 |rowspan=2|[[2022 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Port Louis, Mauritius]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2022 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.57{{AthAbbr|w}} |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2022 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] |44.45 |- |[[2022 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene, USA]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2022 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |12.06{{AthAbbr|w}} ('''{{AthAbbr|WR}}''' sf) |} == Mmeri Circuit na utu aha == * Onye mmeri Diamond League 100m hurdles: 2021, 2022[[Usòrò:Diamond_blue.svg|24x24px]]<ref name="2021Zurich">{{Cite web|author=|date=2021-09-09|title=Wanda Diamond League Final {{!}} Zürich (SUI) {{!}} 8th-9th Sept 2021|url=https://www.diamondleague.com/fileadmin/IDL_Zurich/user_upload/Results_Diamond_League_2021_Zurich_2021.pdf|accessdate=2021-09-09|work=[[Diamond League]]|format=PDF}}</ref>[[Usòrò:Diamond_blue.svg|24x24px]]<ref name="2022DLfinal"/> :: 100m ihe mgbochi mmeri, ihe omume ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara na parenthesis :* 2021: Zürich Weltklasse ('''AR''') :* 2021: Nzukọ Paris (AR), Zürich (MR) == Utu aha mba == * Asọmpi Naịjirịa ** 100m ihe mgbochi: 2021, 2022 ** 4 x 100 m relay: 2022 * NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship ** 100m ihe mgbochi: 2017 == Ihe kacha mma n'onwe ya == :* mita 60 n'ime ụlọ: 7.41 (2019) :* Ihe mgbochi mita 60 n'ime ụlọ: 7.84 (2020) * 100 mita: 11.14 (2022) * 200 mita: 22.66 (2022) ** 200 mita n'ime ụlọ: 23.35 (2017) * 100 mita ihe mgbochi: 12.12 (24 July 2022) Ihe ndekọ ụwa ** 100 mita ihe mgbochi: 12.06w, +2.5 m/s, 24 July 2022, abụghị iwu. * 4 × 100 mita relay: 42.10 (2022) AR * Ịwụli elu ogologo: 6.07 m (2016) ** Ịwụli elu ogologo n'ime ụlọ: 6.15 m (2017) === Ihe kachasị mma n'oge ===   == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ bụ ezigbo enyi ya na onye egwuregwu Naijiria ibe ya bụ Ese Brume<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Friends supporting each other on and off the track|url=https://m.facebook.com/BestChoiceSports/photos/best-friends-supporting-each-other-on-and-off-the-tracktobi-amusan-ese-brume-our/3538865386216259/?locale=ne_NP&_rdr|accessdate=2022-07-30|work=Facebook}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara ihe nrite n'egwuregwu Afrịka (ụmụ nwanyị) * Ndepụta nke ndị nwetara ihe nrite n'egwuregwu Commonwealth (ụmụ nwanyị) == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{s-start}} {{s-ach|rec}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Kendra Harrison]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Women's 100 metres hurdles world record progression|Women's 100 m hurdles world record holder]]|years=July 24, 2022 –}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}}{{Footer World Champions 100 m hurdles Women}}{{Footer All-Africa Champions 100 m Hurdles Women}}{{Footer Commonwealth Champions 100m Hurdles Women}}{{Footer Commonwealth Champions 4x100 m Women|2022}}{{Footer African Champions women's 100 metres hurdles}}{{Footer IAAF Diamond League 100 Metres Hurdles Champions Women}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] immwd29aqdjaryvl89sy5ilq4mz4l7v MidiaWiki:GrowthMentors.json 8 24116 743497 657730 2026-11-05T19:16:49Z King ChristLike 13051 /* growthexperiments-manage-mentors-summary-add-self-no-reason:King ChristLike| */ 743497 json application/json { "Mentors": { "12202": { "message": "I'm User: Olugold. Feel free to ask questions ", "weight": 2, "username": "Olugold" }, "13051": { "message": "Hello! I'm a Wikipedia administrator, and Project Manager passionate about open knowledge. I'm excited to mentor, share what I've learned, and help you grow your confidence and skills on Wikipedia. Let's learn together!", "weight": 2, "username": "King ChristLike" } } } cmh6kmxtmkpob5klbv4cr3yhxd16yse Princess Kara 0 24119 743479 734960 2026-11-05T16:28:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Princess Kara''' (amụrụ n'afọ 2000) bụ onye Naijirịa na-atụba discus. O meriri ma National Championships na African Under 20 Championships na 2019. Ihe kacha mma ya bụ 50.07 ( 3+1⁄4 in). == Ọrụ == Kara sonyere na 2016 National Youth Games ma sọọ mpi na triple jump na shot put. Kara ritere ọla edo na ịgba ọsọ na 2018 National Sports Festival (NSF) na [[Abuja]].<ref name="NNN">{{Cite news|author=Modupe|first=Oremule|title=I’m aiming for World Championship standards in discus – Kara|url=https://nnn.com.ng/im-aiming-for-world-championship-standards-in-discus-kara/|accessdate=10 May 2020|work=NNN NEWS NIGERIA|date=26 June 2019|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ọ meriri ma asọmpi mba n'okpuru afọ 20 na asọmpi African Under 20, malite ịma [[Chinwe Okoro]] na [[Chioma Onyekwere]] aka maka ọnọdụ mbụ na Naijirịa.<ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web|author=Maduewesi|first=Christopher|title=Nigeria's 10 Breakout Athletes in 2018 (Part 1)|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2018/12/29/nigerias-10-breakout-athletes-in-2018-part-1/|work=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|accessdate=10 May 2020|date=29 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929092215/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2018/12/29/nigerias-10-breakout-athletes-in-2018-part-1/|archive-date=29 September 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Under 20 African Championships (nke e mere Abidjan), o dekọrọ ihe kachasị mma nke 50.04 m (164 in), nke meriri akara kachasị elu ya n'oge gara aga karịa mita ise.<ref name="SNS">{{Cite web|author=Ayodeji|first=Ayodeji|title=Princess Kara clocks PB to claim Discus Gold as Team Nigeria win five medals on Day 3 of CAA U18 & U20 Champs|url=https://saveoursports.ng/princess-kara-clocks-pb-to-claim-discus-gold-as-team-nigeria-win-five-medals-on-day-3-of-caa-u18-u20-champs/|work=Save Nigeria Sport|accessdate=10 May 2020|date=19 April 2019}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, o setịpụrụ ihe kachasị mma nke onwe ya nke 50.07 ( 3+1⁄4 in) na ule iru eru maka 2019 All Africa Games, mechara bụrụ onye nke ise n'egwuregwu ahụ ịtụba 49.85 ( 6+1⁄2 in). O nwetakwara mmeri na 2019 National Championships.<ref name="WA">{{World Athletics}}</ref> O sonyere na Central Arizona College, ebe ọ meriri NJCAA Division I Outdoor discus titles n'usoro na 2021 na 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/discus-princess-cacs-kara-wins-national-title/article_562e77ff-4164-54e9-9c94-1f147df30cf3.html|title=Discus Princess: CAC's Kara wins national title|work=[[Casa Grande Dispatch]]|first=Ed|author=Petruska|date=14 May 2021|accessdate=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616231022/https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/discus-princess-cacs-kara-wins-national-title/article_562e77ff-4164-54e9-9c94-1f147df30cf3.html|archive-date=16 June 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/kara-has-record-breaking-showing-at-nationals-for-cac/article_9fc809a2-9197-5c25-941d-f72fd55a949d.html|title=Kara has record breaking showing at nationals for CAC|work=[[Casa Grande Dispatch]]|first=Ed|author=Petruska|date=23 May 2022|accessdate=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625092928/https://www.pinalcentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/local_sports/kara-has-record-breaking-showing-at-nationals-for-cac/article_9fc809a2-9197-5c25-941d-f72fd55a949d.html|archive-date=25 June 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 21q2p6tkibav1w901b3dbcw3hnbc6a5 Plume (fluid dynamics) 0 25271 743475 623770 2026-11-05T16:07:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Defense.gov_photo_essay_100506-N-6070S-346.jpg|alt=Controlled burn of oil on the ocean.|thumb|Ọkụ mmanụ a na-achịkwa, na-emepụta anwụrụ ọkụ]] {{Databox}}Na hydrodynamics, plume ma ọ bụ '''kọlụm''' bụ ihe kwụ ọtọ nke otu mmiri na-agafe nke ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mmetụta na-achịkwa mmegharị nke mmiri ahụ, gụnyere momentum (inertia), diffusion na buoyancy (ọdịiche dị n'etiti). Mmiri dị ọcha na ''ábụ́bà'' dị ọcha na-akọwa ọfụma nke na-akpali kpamkpam site na mmetụta na-ese n'elu mmiri, n'otu n'otu. A na-akọwakarị ọfụma n'etiti ókè abụọ a dị ka ábụ́bà a manyere ma ọ bụ ụgbọ elu na-efe efe. "A na-akọwa ọdịdị dị ka ihe dị mma" mgbe, na enweghị ike ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ mmegharị mbụ, mmiri na-abanye ga-arị elu. Ọnọdụ ebe njupụta nke mmiri mmiri pọmpụ dị ukwuu karịa gburugburu ya (ya bụ, n'ọnọdụ ka dị, ọdịdị ebumpụta ụwa ya ga-abụ imikpu), mana mgbawa ahụ nwere oke mbido zuru oke iji buru ya n'ebe dị anya n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ, a kọwara dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma.<ref>Turner, J.S. (1979), "Buoyancy effects in fluids", Ch.6, pp.165--&, Cambridge University Press</ref> == Ngagharị == Ọtụtụ mgbe, ka piom na-esi na isi iyi ya pụọ, ọ na-agbasawanye n'ihi ntinye nke mmiri gbara ya gburugburu n'akụkụ ya. Enwere ike imetụta ọdịdị nke plume site na nrịba na mmiri gburugburu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ifufe mpaghara na-efe n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka plume na-ebute ụgbọ elu na-asọ asọ). Nke a na-emekarị ka a na-ahụkarị ihe na-eme ka 'buoy-dominated' na mbụ ghọọ 'momentum-domined' (a na-ekwukarị na mgbanwe a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enweghị akụkụ a na-akpọ ọnụ ọgụgụ Richardson). === Ọfụma na nchọpụta === Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa bụ ma ọ bụrụ na plume nwere laminar flow ma ọ bụ turbulent flow. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, enwere mgbanwe site na laminar gaa na turbulent ka plume na-apụ na isi iyi ya. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe omume a n'ụzọ doro anya na anwụrụ ọkụ na-arị elu site na siga. Mgbe achọrọ izi ezi dị elu, enwere ike iji usoro mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe (CFD) mee ihe iji mepụta ábụ́bà, mana nsonaazụ ya nwere ike ịdị n'uche ụdị turbulence ahọrọ. A na-emekarị CFD maka mpempe akwụkwọ rọket, ebe ihe ndị dị n'oge nwere ike ịdị na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị dị na gas. Ụdị ịme anwansị ndị a nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere ọkụ ọkụ na radieshon na-ekpo ọkụ, yana (dịka ọmụmaatụ) a na-achọpụtakarị mwepu ogbunigwe ballistic site n'ịhụpụta mkpọ rọketi na-ekpo ọkụ. Ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ mbara igwe na-echegbu onwe ha mgbe ụfọdụ maka mmetọ nke usoro njikwa àgwà na-ebugharị na subsystems dị nro dị ka usoro anyanwụ na ndị na-eso kpakpando, ma ọ bụ na mmetọ ya nke injin rocket na-ebute n'elu ọnwa ma ọ bụ mbara ala ebe ha nwere ike ịkpata mmebi mpaghara ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọgba aghara n'etiti oge na ikuku mbara ala. Ihe ọzọ a na-ahụ anya nke ọma na anwụrụ ọkụ si na siga na-asọpụta bụ na isi ihe na-asọpụta, ma ọ bụ mmalite-plum, na-adịkarị n'ụdị mgbanaka-vortex (mgbanaka anwụrụ ọkụ).<ref>Turner, J. S. (1962). ''The Starting Plume in Neutral Surroundings'', J. Fluid Mech. vol 13, pp356-368</ref> == Ụdị n'ụdị == Mmetọ ndị a tọhapụrụ n'ala nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ime mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, na-eduga na mmetọ mmiri dị n"okpuru ala. A na-akpọ mmiri na-emetọ emetọ n'ime mmiri dị n'ime ala a na-akpọ plume, na ọnụ ya na-agagharị agagharị a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ plume fronts.A na-eji plumes chọta, map, na tụọ mmetọ mmiri n'ime mkpokọta mmiri nke aquifer, yana ihu ihu iji chọpụta ntụziaka na ọsọ nke mmetọ na-agbasa na ya.<ref>Fetter, C.W. Jr 1998 Contaminant Hydrogeology</ref> Plumes dị oke mkpa na modeling nke ikuku nke [[mmetọ ikuku]]. Otu ọrụ a ma ama na isiokwu nke ikuku mmetọ bụ nke Gary Briggs.<ref>Briggs, Gary A. (1975). ''Plume Rise Predictions'', Chapter 3 in ''Lectures on Air Pollution and Environmental Impact Analysis'', Duanne A. Haugen, editor, Amer. Met. Soc.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Beychok, Milton R.|title=[[Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion]]|edition=4th|publisher=author-published|year=2005|isbn=0-9644588-0-2}}</ref> Ọkụ bụ nke gas na-ebili n'elu isi iyi '''okpomọkụ''' na-emepụta. Gas ahụ na-arị elu n'ihi na mgbasa nke okpomọkụ na-eme ka gas na-ekpo ọkụ ghara ịdị arọ karịa gas na-ajụ oyi gbara ya gburugburu. Nkọwa dị mfe ga-eme ka ọtụtụ njirimara nke mepụtara nke ọma, nke na-agbagwoju anya nyochaa.Ọtụtụ n'ime arụmụka scaling kpochapụwo ka ewepụtara na nchịkọta nyocha na nyocha ụlọ nyocha nke akọwara n'ime akwụkwọ nwere mmetụta nke Bruce Morton, GI. Taylor na Stewart Turner<ref>Scase, M. M., Caulfield, C. P., Dalziel, S. B. & Hunt, J. C. R. (2006). ''Time-dependent plumes and jets with decreasing source strengths'', J. Fluid Mech. vol 563, pp443-461</ref>kọwara na akwụkwọ nwere mmetụta na akwụkwọ a na-akọwa ọrụ a na ọrụ na-esote na akwụkwọ edemede a ma ama nke Stewart Turner<ref name="morton turb">Morton, B. R., Turner, J. S., and Taylor, G.I. (1956), ''Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources'', P. Roy. Soc. Lond., vol. 234, pp.1--&</ref>.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Turner|first=J. S.|authorlink=Stewart Turner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8NqYA97-wMC&dq=Buoyancy+effects+in+fluids&pg=PR13|title=Buoyancy Effects in Fluids|date=1979-12-20|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29726-4|language=en}}</ref> # Ọ na-abụkarị nke zuru oke iche na gradient na-edozi gradient nrụgide site na gradient dị anya site na plume (nke a dị ka mkpokọta Boussinesq nke mbụ). # A na-emepụta nkesa nke njupụta na ọsọ gafee pensụl ma ọ bụ na nkesa Gaussian dị mfe ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụghị ya ka a na-ewere ya dị ka otu gafee pensịl (nke a na-akpọ 'elu okpu'). # Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịdọrọ n'ime plume ahụ kwekọrọ na ọsọ ọsọ mpaghara.<ref name="morton turb">Morton, B. R., Turner, J. S., and Taylor, G.I. (1956), ''Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources'', P. Roy. Soc. Lond., vol. 234, pp.1--&</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na na mbụ e chere na ọ bụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide, ọrụ na-adịbeghị anya egosila na coefficient na-adọkpụ dịgasị iche na nọmba Richardson mpaghara.<ref>Kaminski, E. Tait, S. and Carazzo, G. (2005), ''Turbulent entrainment in jets with arbitrary buoyancy'', J. Fluid Mech., vol. 526, pp.361--376</ref> Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-ahụkarị maka coefficient na-adọkpụ bụ ihe dị ka 0.08 maka ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ na 0.12 maka ábụ́bà kwụ ọtọ, ábụ́tụ̀tụ̀ na-adọrọ adọrọ ebe maka ábúningi na-agbadata, coefficient adọkpụ bụ banyere 0.6. # Usoro nchekwa maka oke (gụnyere ịdọrọ), na ike na ọfụma zuru ezu maka nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọfụm ahụ n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ.<ref name="morton turb" /><ref>Woods, A.W. (2010), ''Turbulent plumes in nature'', Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., Vol. 42, pp. 391--412</ref> Maka oghere na-arị elu dị mfe, usoro ndị a na-ebu amụma na oghere ahụ ga-agbasawanye na ọkara oghere nke ihe dị ka 6 ruo 15 degrees. == Ihe osise Gaussian == <ref name="connolly model">{{Cite web|url=http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/paul.connolly/teaching/practicals/gaussian_plume_modelling.html|title=Gaussian Plume Model|work=personalpages.manchester.ac.uk|author=Connolly|first=Paul|accessdate=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509052812/http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/paul.connolly/teaching/practicals/gaussian_plume_modelling.html|archive-date=9 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enwere ike iji ụdị Gaussian plume mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ mgbanwe mgbanwe mmiri iji gbakọọ nkesa nke solutes, dị ka ntọhapụ mkpokọ anwụrụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ mmetọ ewepụtara n'osimiri. Fickian na-ekesa nkesa Gaussian, wee soro nkesa Gaussian (ụdị mgbịrịgba). Maka ịgbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ a tụrụ anya ya nke otu isi iyi na-enweghị isi, anyị na-atụle oke a tọhapụrụ n'otu oge, na otu mpaghara.<math>M</math><math>x</math> Nke a ga-enye usoro ndị a:<ref>Heidi Nepf. ''1.061 Transport Processes in the Environment.'' Fall 2008. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare, https://ocw.mit.edu License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA.</ref> <math>C(x,t)=\frac{M}{\sqrt{4\pi Dt} }\exp\left (\frac{(x-x_0)^2}{4D(t-t_0)}\right ) </math> ebe bụ oke a tọhapụrụ n'oge na ebe, ọ bụkwa diffusivity.<math>M</math><math>t=t_0</math><math>x=x_0</math><math>D</math><math>\left [\frac{\text{m}^2}{\text{s}}\right ]</math> Njikọ a na-eme atụmatụ anọ na-esonụ:<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mass Transport in Environmental Flows|author=Variano|first=Evan|publisher=UC Berkeley}}</ref> # A na-ahapụ ụyọkọ ahụ ozugbo.<math>M</math> # A na-ahapụ oke ahụ na ngalaba na-enweghị njedebe.<math>M</math> # Uka na-agbasa naanị site na mgbasa.. # Mgbasa anaghị adị iche na oghere.<ref name="connolly model" /> == Ihe ngosi ==   == Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Authority control}} f1btp2aoaj7ms208aeus1lgp03865sb Pea soup fog light 0 25610 743466 638402 2026-11-05T15:05:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743466 wikitext text/x-wiki Anwụrụ ọkụ ofe pea (nke a makwaara dị ka ofe pea, '''anwụrụ ojii''' ma ọ bụ '''anwụrụ ọkụ''' na-egbu egbu) bụ anwụrụ '''igwe ojii''' dị oke arọ ma na-acha odo odo, na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ na-acha oji nke [[mmetọ ikuku]] nke nwéré ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ na gas sulphur dioxide na-egbu mgbu kpatara. Anwụrụ ọkụ a siri ike na-eme n'obodo úkwú ma na-esite na anwụrụ ọkụ nke ọkụ na-ere ọkụ màkà okpomọkụ ụlọ na usoro ụlọ ọrụ. Anwụrụ ọkụ nke ike a na-egbukarị ndị na-adịghị ike dịka ndị agadi, ndị na-eto eto (ụmụ ọhụrụ) na ndị nwéré nsogbu iku ume. A maara nsonaazụ nkè ihe omume ndị a dị ka London ma ọ bụ London fog; na ntụgharị nke okwu ahụ, "'''London''' particular" ghọrọ aha màkà nnukwu ofe pea na ham.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/londoncompanion0000swin|date=1 October 2004|title=The London Companion|publisher=Pavilion Books|isbn=978-1-86105-799-0|author=Jo Swinnerton}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme == Site na mmalite n'ebe afọ 1200s, mmetọ ikuku bịara na-arịwanye elu, na nghọta kachasị na narị afọ nke irí na atọ bụ na anwụrụ ọkụ ga-emetụta ahụike mmadụ.<ref>P. Brimblecombe, "Industrial air pollution in thirteenth century Britain", Weather 30:388 (1975).</ref><ref>Peter Brimblecombe (1976) "Attitudes and Responses Towards Air Pollution in Medieval England", ''Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association'', 26:10, 941–945, DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1976.10470341</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Cantril|first=T. C.|title=Coal Mining|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=1914|pages=3–10|oclc=156716838}}</ref><ref>Calendar of Close Rolls, 35 Ed. 1. m6d</ref><ref>Calendar of Patent Rolls, 13 Ed. 1.ml8d.</ref> Site n'etiti afọ ébé 1600, n'obodo ndị Britain, ọkachasị [[London]], a na-ekwu na ọ bụ anwụrụ ọkụ coal sitere na anwụrụ ọkụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ejikọta na anwụrụ na alụlụ nke Ndagwurugwu Thames. Luke Howard, onye ọsụ ụzọ na ọmụmụ ihu igwe obodo, bipụtara The Climate of London na 18181820, ébé o ji okwu ahụ bụ "obodo igwe ojii" ma kọwaa mmetụta agwaetiti okpomọkụ nke lekwasịrị ányà na mkpokọta anwụrụ ọkụ n'elu obodo ahụ.<ref>Landsberg, Helmut Erich (1981). ''The urban climate''. Academic Press, New York, p.3.</ref> Ihe kachasị egbu egbu nkè anwụrụ ọkụ a na London mere na 1952 ma mee ka Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha 1956 na Iwu Mmiri Ịcha afọ 1968, nké a kagburu ugbu a ma jikọta ya na Iwu Mmụ Dị Ọcha afọ 1993, nké dị irè n'iwepụ sulphur dioxide na anwụrụ ọkụ, ihe kpatara anwụrụ ọkụ na-esi ísì ụtọ, ọ bụ ezie na a ejirila mmetọ ndị a na-adịghị ahụ ányà nke sitere na ụgbọala n'obodo ukwu dochie ha.<ref>Brimblecombe, P. (2006). "The clean air act after 50 years". ''Weather'', 61(11), 311–314.</ref> == Mmalite nke okwu a == A na-achọta ntinye aka na isi iyi nke anwụrụ ọkụ, ya na ojiji mbụ nke "peas-soup" dị ka ónyé nkọwa, na akụkọ John Sartain bipụtara n'afọ 1820 banyéré ndụ dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe na-eto eto, na-akọ ihe ọ dị ka<blockquote>Swee n'ụlọ site na alụlụ dị arọ ma na-acha odo odo dị ka ofe pea nke ụlọ iri nri; laghachi n'ime ụlọ ihe osise gị ... mgbe ị meghere windo gị mgbè ị na-apụ, iji hụ ísì nke ihe osise ahụ ka njọ, ma ọ bụrụ na o Kwèrè omume, site n'ọnụ ụzọ alụlụ, nke, ebe ọ bụ ihe sitere na nsị gas, oghere, anwụrụ ọkụ, ndị na-acha ihe na-acha ọbara, ụlọ ihe osisi, ụlọ ihe ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ ihe na-eme, nwéré ike iche n'echiche na ọ gaghị emezi ísì ụtọ!<ref name=":0">John Sartain (1820). ''Annals of the fine arts''. London, Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, digitised by Moore College of Art, Philadelphia, p.80</ref></blockquote>Akụkọ ''New York Times'' nke afọ 1871 na-ezo ákà na "London, ọkachasị, ébé a na-etinye ndị mmadụ n'ime anwụrụ ọkụ nke ịdị n'otu nkè ofe pea". Anwụrụ ọkụ ahụ kpatara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọnwụ site na nsogbu iku ume.<ref name="Imperial_2001">{{Cite book|url=http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/pls/portallive/docs/1/7294722.PDF|publisher=[[Imperial College]] Centre for Energy Policy and Technology|title=External Cost and Environmental Policy in the UK and the EU|date=June 2001|isbn=1-903144-02-7|author=Fouquet, Roger}}</ref> == Mgbanwe == [[Usòrò:GRAUNT,_John._(1620-1674)._Natural_and_political_observations.png|thumb|Tebụl na peeji isiokwu nke John Graunt's (16201674) Natural and political observations ... upon ... ọnwụ (1662) nke na-ekwu ọnwụ a na-ekwu maka mmetọ ikuku na London<ref>{{Cite web|title=GRAUNT, John. (1620-1674). Natural and political observations mentioned in a following index and made upon the bills of mortality...|url=https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5888433|publisher=Christies|language=en}}</ref>]] Eze Edward nke Mbụ nke England machibidoro ọkụ nke coal-oké osimiri site na nkwupụta na [[London]] n'afọ 1272, mgbè anwụrụ ọkụ ya ghọrọ nsogbu.<ref name="Pea-souper">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.epa.gov/epa/aboutepa/londons-historic-pea-soupers.html|title=London's Historic "Pea-Soupers"|accessdate=6 October 2021|author=David Urbinato|date=Summer 1994|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006195526/https://archive.epa.gov/epa/aboutepa/londons-historic-pea-soupers.html|archive-date=6 October 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Deadly">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shoppbs.pbs.org/now/science/smog.html|title=Deadly Smog|accessdate=6 October 2021|date=17 January 2003|publisher=[[PBS]]|archivedate=6 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006195526/http://www.shoppbs.pbs.org/now/science/smog.html}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule na narị afọ nke iri na asaa, mmetọ nke London aghọwo nnukwu nsogbu, ka n'ihi, karịsịa, ọkụ nke coal dị ọnụ ala, nke dị mfe. John Evelyn, onye ndụmọdụ Eze Charles nke Abụọ, kọwara nsogbu ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ ya, Fumifugium: Ma ọ bụ, Inconvenience of the Aer and Smoak of London Dissipated nke e bipụtara na 1661, na-ebo coal, "ihe na-agbanye n'okpuru" nke nwéré "ụdị ikuku na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ arsenical nké na-esite na ya" màkà igbu ọtụtụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/fumifugium00eveluoft|title=Fumifugium|first=John|author=Evelyn|date=9 September 1976|publisher=Exeter, Eng. : University of Exeter, the Rota|accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref><ref>[http://www.gyford.com/archive/2009/04/28/www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/1914/fumifug.html HTML text of ''Fumifugium''].</ref><ref>"He shewes that 't is the seacoale smoake That allways London doth Inviron, Which doth our Lungs and Spiritts choake, Our hanging spoyle, and rust our Iron. Lett none att Fumifuge be scoffing Who heard att Church our Sundaye's Coughing." from; "[[wikisource:Ballad of Gresham College|Ballad of Gresham College]]". Original text.</ref> Ọ tụrụ aro ka a kpọpụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'obodo ahụ ma kụọ nnukwu ogige nke "flowers dị íchè ichè" iji "na-eme ka ikuku dị mmá" ma si otú a kpuchie mmetọ ahụ. === Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha === Ihe kachasị njọ e dekọrọ bụ Great Smog nkè afọ 1952, mgbè a kọrọ na mmadụ puku anọ nwụrụ n'obodo ahụ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole, na ọnwụ puku asatọ metụtara ya, na-eduga n'ịgafe Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha nke 1956, nke machibidoro iji coal maka ọkụ ụlọ n'obodo ụfọdụ.<ref name="Imperial_2001"/> A na-ekwere ugbu a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ n'ihe omume ahụ dị ka puku iri na abụọ.<ref name="EHP_112_1">{{Cite journal|author=Bell|first=Michelle L.|date=January 2004|title=A retrospective assessment of mortality from the London smog episode of 1952: the role of influenza and pollution|journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives|Environ Health Perspect]]|volume=112|issue=#1|pages=6–8|doi=10.1289/ehp.6539|url=http://www.ehponline.org/members/2003/6539/6539.html|pmid=14698923}}</ref><ref>"Counting the Cost of London's Killer Smog" Richard Stone ''Science'' 13 December 2002: Vol. 298, Issue 5601, pp. 2106-2107 DOI: 10.1126/science.298.5601.2106b</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nnukwu anwụrụ ọkụ nke London * [[Nnyocha Fog na Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi|Nnyocha na]] Mgbasa Ozi (FIDO) bụ ihe enyemaka ụgbọelu na-ada iji nye ohere ịnya ụgbọ elu n'enweghị nsogbu n'oge oke nke 'sorepe' igwe ojii == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * Cavert, William M. (2016) The Smoke of London: Energy and Environment in the Early Modern City. Cambridge University Press. * Corton, Christine L. (2015) ''London Fog'': The Biography. Harvard University Press. Ihe E wepụtara Ihe kpatara ya bụ na [https://web.archive.org/web/20211002041742/http://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/london-fog-the-biography/ a maara London maka ịbụ Foggy] * ''New York Times'', 2 Eprel 1871, pg. 3: "London... fog the consistency of pea-soup..." rtnn0h8jm336a37faa4zv5ey9la9wh2 Smallgod 0 27245 743539 704971 2026-11-06T01:38:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] '''Nana Kwame Appiasei''' (amuru na Maachị 12 1977) onye amara dika Smallgod, bu onye omuru egwu Ghana, omenaala na ihe nleba anya n'uwe okporo ámá ruo otutu afo onye mechara were okwukwe buru ibu. nka Ntụnye aka ya na ụlọ ọrụ egwu Ghana enwetala ya ọtụtụ nkwanye ugwu, nke kacha pụta ìhè bụ,'Abonten Father .<ref>{{Cite web|title=GQ Exclusive: Smallgod, the Pan-African artist is building bridges through music|url=https://www.gq.co.za/culture/entertainment/gq-exclusive-smallgod-the-pan-african-artist-is-building-bridges-through-music-112ceef3-e4a9-48e3-b0a9-894b31eb5db3|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=www.gq.co.za|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ndụ mbido == Smallgod n'oge ọ bụ nwata aghaghị ịgagharị gburugburu A zụlitere ya n'etiti London, Ghana na Netherlands Omenala ndị a dị iche iche jikọtara ọnụ iji mepụta ụtọ dị iche iche na egwu nke gafere omenala na ụdị ma na-egosi ọrụ egwu dị iche nke Smallgod taa. .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Smallgod Is Connecting The Dots Through Music And Fashion|url=https://culart.blog/smallgod-is-connecting-the-dots-through-music-and-fashion/|accessdate=2023-06-10|archivedate=2023-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610155525/https://culart.blog/smallgod-is-connecting-the-dots-through-music-and-fashion/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere itinye aka na egwu site na imeghe klọb abalị a na-akpọ 'Basement' na 2003 nke ọ na-agba ọsọ ruo afọ 4. Site na nke ahụ, ọ zutere ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'oge ahụ wee malite ijikwa ọrụ Reggae nke Ghana Black Prophet, wee gaa n'ihu ịbịanye aka na onye na-eti egwu nke Ghana J-Town. N'oge a, ọ na-ejikọ ma na-enyere ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na Ghana aka na-apụta n'oge ahụ. Afọ ole na ole n'ahịrị, ọ chịkọtara onye na-ese ihe Alté nke Naijiria bụ Wavy The Creator na onye na-eti egwu na onye na'agụ egwu nke Ghana-UK bụ Eugy. O nwekwara ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Nasecworld na onye na-eti egwu na London Lp2loose dị ka onye na-etinye aka ugbu a. Smallgod bụkwa nnukwu onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n'ihe ejiji, ebe ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụfọdụ ụdị ejiji dị n'ógbè na nke dị iche iche dị ka 'FREE THE YOUTH,' 'Daily Paper,' 'FILLING PIECES,' 'STEELO,' 'ụmụ nwoke mpaghara,' 'BIKERZ SUNDAYS,' 'THE NEW ORIGINALS' na 'Xpltcstudio'<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-15|title=The Culture List: Smallgod, the Man Building Bridges Through African Music, Serves Up an Eye-opening Album Debut • EBONY|url=https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/the-culture-list-smallgodthe-man-building-bridges-through-african-music-serves-up-an-eye-opening-album-debut/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=EBONY|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/the-culture-list-smallgodthe-man-building-bridges-through-african-music-serves-up-an-eye-opening-album-debut/ "The Culture List: Smallgod, the Man Building Bridges Through African Music, Serves Up an Eye-opening Album Debut • EBONY"]. ''EBONY''. 2021-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-08</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Awal |first=Mohammed |date=2022-06-12 |title=Chris Koney’s column: Music mogul, Smallgod, talks about African talents and music going global |url=https://thebftonline.com/2022/06/12/chris-koneys-column-music-mogul-smallgod-talks-about-african-talents-and-music-going-global/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=The Business & Financial Times |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Awal|first=Mohammed|date=2022-06-12|title=Chris Koney’s column: Music mogul, Smallgod, talks about African talents and music going global|url=https://thebftonline.com/2022/06/12/chris-koneys-column-music-mogul-smallgod-talks-about-african-talents-and-music-going-global/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-05|title=Smallgod stays 'Connecting The Dots' on highly anticipated sophomore album - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/smallgod-stays-connecting-the-dots-on-highly-anticipated-sophomore-album/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=bmensah|date=2022-04-29|title=My debut project ‘Building the Bridge’ describes me best- Smallgod|url=https://yfmghana.com/my-debut-project-building-the-bridge-describes-me-best-smallgod/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=YFM Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Archibald-Powell|first=Naimah|date=2022-07-17|title=Premiere: Smallgod, Headie One, Eugy & Medikal Link Up For "My Way"|url=https://grmdaily.com/smallgod-headie-one-eugy-medikal-my-way/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=GRM Daily|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822123732/https://grmdaily.com/smallgod-headie-one-eugy-medikal-my-way/}}</ref> == Nkwado == Smallgod abụwo onye mmadụ mgbe niile, na n'ìhè. Nke a emeela ka a kpọọ ya 'President Accra'. Ọ bụ ebe mbụ ndị na-ese ihe si mba ọzọ na-abata na Ghana, na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si Ghana na-aga na diaspora. A na-ejikọta Smallgod na ndị dị ka [[Wizkid]], [[Tiwa Savage]], Tory Lanez, [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]], Headie One, King Promise, Black Sherif na ndị ọzọ. Nke a, na mgbakwunye na egwu ya na mbọ ndị ọzọ emeela ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama; ịhụ ya na magazin GQ ugboro abụọ, yana VOGUE, EBONY na INDUSTRIE AFRICA.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Boss|first=T. M.|date=2021-06-18|title=Download MP3: Smallgod – Gats To Let Them Know Ft Tiwa Savage x Kwesi Arthur|url=https://tmmotiongh.com/smallgod-gats-to-let-them-know-ft-tiwa-savage-x-kwesi-arthur/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=Tmmotiongh.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=9ERRARD|date=2022-05-12|title=Small God's "Connecting The Dot" album focuses on emerging artists whose success dismantles old hierarchies|url=https://gbafrica.net/small-gods-connecting-the-dot-album-focuses-on-emerging-artists-whose-success-dismantles-old-hierarchies/|accessdate=2022-08-08|work=GBAfrica|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518102803/https://gbafrica.net/small-gods-connecting-the-dot-album-focuses-on-emerging-artists-whose-success-dismantles-old-hierarchies/|archive-date=2022-05-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == === Abọm === ==== Iwu àkwà mmiri. (2021) ==== * Intro (In The Line) ft Eddie Kadi * Ntuziaka Dị Mfe ft R2Bees * Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ hapụrụ m naanị ya ft Amartey & Terri * Ka ha mara ft Tiwa Savage, Kwesi Arthur * Nye m ya ft 2Baba * Interlude (Still In Line pt. 1) ft Eddie Kadi * Nke a bụ Ịhụnanya ft Efya, Henry X * Ezigbo Ndụ ft Busiswa * Lingo ft Ọgaranya2Gether * Salam Aleikum ft Jayboogz, Darkovibes * I Go Give ft Shatta Wale, DJ Tunez, Eugy * Interlude (Still In Line pt. 2) ft Eddie Kadi * Fa Ma Mi ft Kwamz & Flava, Eze Nkwa, Eugy * Alụọ M ft Harmonize * Ọ hụrụ Ego n'anya ft Kojo Funds, Lp2loose, Di-Meh, OB, Diztortion * Amaara m ft DYSTINCT * Onye na-eme mkpọtụ Onye Okike, Samini, T'neeya * E gburu m ft Lp2loose, Kojo Funds * Onye mmehie ft Headie One, O'Kenneth, Kwaku DMC, Lp2loose * Outro (Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ batara) ft Eddie Kadi ==== Ịjikọ Dots. (2022) ==== * Ọ na-ada n'elu KiDi, Darkoo * Ụzọ m ft Headie One, Eugy, Medikal * A nwalere ya na A nwalụrụ ya ft NSG, Darkovibes * Tonight ft Efya, WES7AR 22, Kofi Mole * Do You ft Teezee, Nonso Amadi, Acebergtm * Ya mere Amsterdam ft Boj, Mugeez, Diquenza * 2000 ft Major League Djz, GuiltyBeatz, WES7AR 22, Uncle Vinny * Paradaịs ft Alpha P * Biou Biou ft Oxlade * Holy F4k ft Black Sherif, VIC MENSA, Ivorian Doll, Kwaku DMC * Amaara m ft Kuami Eugene, BNXN fka Buju * Africa ft Mzvee, Terry Africa * Holy F4k - Remix ft Yssi SB, Adje, Black Sherif ==== Ndị na-alụbeghị di ==== * GIDI GIDI ft Black Sherif, Tory Lanez (2022) * Velletjes (Amapiano Remix) - Smallgod, Major League Djz, Rich2Gether (2022) * Ụzọ m ft Headie One, Eugy, Medikal (2022) * Holy F4k - Remix ft Yssi SB, Adje, Black Sherif (2022) * Falling ft KiDi, Darkoo (2022) * Holy F4k ft Black Sherif, VIC MENSA, Ivorian Doll, Kwaku DMC (2021) * 2000 ft Major League Djz, GuiltyBeatz, WES7AR 22, Uncle Vinny (2021) * Onye mmehie ft Headie One, O'Kenneth, Kwaku DMC, Lp2loose (2021) * Ntuziaka Dị Mfe ft R2Bees (2021) * Alụọ M ft Harmonize (2021) == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Smallgod}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fw583w5zmupinpyaezodusb52r6e4rt Pancho Barnes 0 27425 743463 623952 2026-11-05T14:05:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Pancho Barnes, 1931.jpg|thumb|Pancho Barnes]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia]] Florence Lowe "Pancho" Barnes (July 22, 1901 - March 30, 1975) bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na-efe ụgbọelu na onye guzobere otu ndị na-anya ụgbọelu ihe nkiri mbụ. N'afọ 1930, ọ mebiri ihe ndekọ ọsọ ikuku nke Amelia Earhart.<ref name="death" /> Barnes gbara ọsọ na Women's Air Derby ma bụrụ onye otu Ninety-Nines. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, a maara ya dị ka onye nwe Happy Bottom Riding Club, ụlọ mmanya na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị na Mojave Desert, Southern California, na-enye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọelu na ndị na-eme nnwale na-arụ ọrụ na nso.<ref name="death">{{Cite news|quote=Florence Lowe (Pancho) Barnes, 69, the eccentric rancher and pilot who broke Amelia Earhart's air speed record in 1930, was found dead Saturday at her home in Boron ... Pancho Barnes was well known both for her pioneer flying career in the ...|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 30, 1975|title='Pancho' Barnes, Woman Pilot, Dies|author=Hume|first=Ellen|page=B5}}</ref> == Afọ ndị mbụ == A mụrụ ya dị ka '''Florence Leontine Lowe''' na July 22, 1901, nye Thaddeus Lowe nke Abụọ (1870-1955) na nwunye mbụ ya, Florence May Dobbins, na Pasadena, California. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya, ọ tolitere n'otu nnukwu ụlọ dị na San Marino, California. N'oge ọ malitere, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye kachasị mma n'ógbè ahụ, dị ka The Bishop's School.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Florence “Pancho” Barnes – A digital history of Mount Lowe|url=http://mountlowe.altadenahistoricalsociety.org/florence-pancho-barnes/|accessdate=2023-04-30|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430101459/http://mountlowe.altadenahistoricalsociety.org/florence-pancho-barnes/|archive-date=2023-04-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nna ya, onye na-eme egwuregwu nke ukwuu, gbara ya ume ka ọ nwee ekele maka nnukwu mpụga, Florence ghọkwara onye na-agba ịnyịnya.<ref name="cent">{{Cite web|url=http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/Barnes/EX17.htm|title=Florence Lowe "Pancho" Barnes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905002804/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/Barnes/EX17.htm|archivedate=September 5, 2005|work=Centennial of Flight Commission|date=2003|accessdate=December 25, 2010}}</ref> Nna nna ya bụ Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, onye bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ ụgbọ elu America site na ịmepụta otu ụgbọ elu agha mbụ nke mba ahụ, ndị agha nke Potomac's balloon corps n'oge [[Agha Obodo America]]. Ọ kpọọrọ nwa nwa ya nwanyị gaa ihe ngosi ụgbọ elu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Na 1919, Florence lụrụ Reverend C. Rankin Barnes nke South Pasadena, California, ha wee nwee nwa nwoke, William E. Barnes.<ref name="cent"/> Nne ya nwụrụ na 1924. == Ọrụ ụgbọelu == Ebe ọ nọrọ ọnwa anọ na mba ọzọ na Mexico, na-ezute ndị na-eme mgbanwe ma na-agbapụ n'aka ndị ọchịchị, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwoke, ọ malitere iji aha njirimara "Pancho" n'oge a. [mgbe?Barnes laghachiri San Marino, California, na ihe nketa e nyere ya mgbe nne na nna ya nwụrụ. N'afọ 1928, mgbe ọ na-akwọ nwa nwanne ya nwoke Dean Banks na nkuzi ụgbọ elu, o kpebiri ịmụta ụgbọ elu, ma mee ka onye nkuzi ụgbọelu nke nwa nwanne ya nwanyị, Ben Catlin, onye agha ụwa nke mbụ, kwenye na ọ chọrọ n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref name="p.138">{{harvnb|Gibson|2013|p=138}}</ref> Ọ na-eme naanị ya mgbe awa isii nke ntụziaka zuru oke gasịrị.<ref name="cent"/> Barnes mere ihe ngosi ad-hoc barnstorming ma sọọ mpi na asọmpi ikuku. N'agbanyeghị ihe mberede na 1929 Women's Air Derby, ọ laghachiri na 1930 n'okpuru nkwado nke Union Oil Company iji merie asọmpi ahụ - ma mebie ihe ndekọ ọsọ ọsọ ụmụ nwanyị nke Amelia Earhart na ọsọ nke 196.19 kilomita kwa awa (315.74 km / h). Barnes mebiri ndekọ a na Travel Air Type R Mystery Ship.<ref name="cent"/> [[Usòrò:Pancho_and_Travel_Air_Mystery_Ship.jpg|thumb|Pancho Barnes na Travel Air Type R Mystery Ship R613K, c. 1930s]] Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Union Oil gwụsịrị, Barnes kwagara Hollywood ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu maka ihe nkiri. N'afọ 1931, ọ malitere Associated Motion Picture Pilots, otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme ka nchekwa ụgbọ elu dị mma ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka ọrụ ụgbọ elu. Ọ gbara n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ikuku nke afọ 1930, gụnyere Howard Hughes' Hell's Angels (1930). [[Usòrò:Pancho Barnes and the Powder Puff Derby at Long Beach, California.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|350x350px|Pancho Barnes na Women's Air Derby, Long Beach, California, n'ihe dị ka 1930-1931]] Barnes had extensive connections in Hollywood. Her early close friend George Hurrell (1904–1992), then eking out a living as a painter and photographer in Laguna Beach, California, would later become the head of the portrait department of MGM Studios. Barnes is credited with helping Hurrell start his career in Hollywood after he took the photo she was to use on her pilot's license, introducing him to her Hollywood friends.{{#tag:ref|Barnes encouraged Hurrell's photography and often posed for him. In the photo for her pilot's license, Hurrell had her strike "a masculine pose, complete with cigarette and grimy fingernails".<ref name="Hurrell">[[Virginia Postrel|Postrel, Virginia]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/07/starlight-and-shadow/5978/ "Starlight and Shadow. George Hurrell's brilliantly orchestrated photographs helped define Hollywood glamour in the 1930s."] ''[[The Atlantic]]'', July 1, 2007. Retrieved: December 25, 2010.</ref> Hurrell" />|group=N}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sheldonconcerthall.org/whoispancho.asp|title=Who is Pancho Barnes?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403161403/http://sheldonconcerthall.org/whoispancho.asp|archivedate=April 3, 2005|work=[[Sheldon Concert Hall]]|accessdate=August 3, 2013}}</ref> In a short period of time, Hurrell became the most in-demand photographer in Hollywood.{{#tag:ref|Barnes introduced him to [[Ramon Novarro]], another good friend of Pancho's. She also introduced Novarro to fellow aviator [[Moye Stephens]] and travel-adventure writer [[Richard Halliburton]]. Pancho quickly formed friendships with other stars such as [[Susan Oliver]] and [[Richard Arlen]].|group=N}} Barnes tụfuru ọtụtụ ego ya na Great Depression. Ka ọ na-erule 1935, ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ya na Hollywood fọdụrụ. Ọ rere ya, na Machị 1935 zụrụ ala dị hekta 180 na Mojave Desert, n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ Rogers na Muroc Field, nke a na-akpọ March Field n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe enyemaka nke March Army Air Base n'oge ahụ.<ref name="cent"/> == Klọb Ịnya Ụgbọ Mmiri Obi Ụtọ ==   N'ala ya, Pancho Barnes wuru Happy Bottom Riding Club, nke a makwaara dị ka Rancho Oro Verde Fly-Inn Dude Ranch, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-elekọta ndị na-efe efe n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị nso na ndị enyi ya si Hollywood. Barnes ghọrọ ezigbo enyi na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọkwọ ụgbọelu nnwale mbụ, gụnyere Chuck Yeager, Robert Anderson "Bob" Hoover, Walt Williams, Jack Ridley, General Jimmy Doolittle, Buzz Aldrin, onye na-eme nnwale ụgbọ elu nke North American Bob Cadick, na onye nlekọta nnwale ụgbọelu Roy Ferren.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chuckyeager.org/news/mach-match-history-air-space-magazine/|title=Mach Match {{!}} Air & Space Magazine|work=www.chuckyeager.org|language=en|accessdate=August 26, 2018}}</ref> Ogige Barnes ghọrọ ihe a ma ama maka oriri na ndụ dị elu nke ndị ọbịa niile.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://happybottomridingclub.com/docs/happy_bottom_riding_club.pdf |title="Happy Bottom Riding Club." |accessdate=2023-06-11 |archivedate=2013-10-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026151038/http://happybottomridingclub.com/docs/happy_bottom_riding_club.pdf }}</ref> Mgbe nnwale ụgbọ elu gara nke ọma, ndị na-anya ụgbọelu Muroc na Edwards na-enwekarị oge dị mma na Happy Bottom Riding Club. Dị ka onye nwe ya, Barnes ga-enye ha nri abalị anụ<ref name="Edwards.af.mil">{{Cite web|url=http://www.edwards.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123144418|title=Lassie Visits Pancho|work=Edwards.af.mil|accessdate=August 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130803004012/http://www.edwards.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123144418|archivedate=3 August 2013}}</ref> n'efu maka imebi ihe mgbochi ụda.<ref name="chuckyeager.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chuckyeager.com/hi-ya-folks-welcome-to-panchos|title=Pancho|work=www.chuckyeager.org|accessdate=August 2, 2013}}</ref> Mgbanwe nke iwu na 1952, Otú ọ dị, nyere aka mee ka Barnes banye na esemokwu na United States Air Force (USAF). USAF na-eme atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu nke ụgbọ elu, ma kpebie na ọ dị mkpa iwu ụzọ ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ, nke dị ogologo iji nweta ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ a na-eme ndokwa ka ọ na-agba ọsọ na ike atọm. Ụzọ ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ ahụ ga-agafe n'ugbo ya. Ndị USAF nyere ya ọnụahịa maka anụ ụlọ ya, ala, na ihe owuwu ndị dị nso na ọnụahịa nke ala ọzara a na-emepebeghị emepe. Ọ rịọrọ ka a nyochaa ya nke ọma iji gosipụta ọnụahịa nke dochie ala ya na azụmahịa ya, mana n'etiti ịnata nyocha ọzọ, ndị isi ụlọ ahụ boro ya ebubo na ọ na-elekọta ụlọ na-adịghị mma n'ugbo ya. Mmetụta nke ọbụna ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị mere ka a machibido ndị ọrụ agha iwu, na uru nke azụmahịa ya dara. Barnes wee gbaa akwụkwọ megide USAF, dịka o si kwuo, "Chụpụ ndị na-eme ihe ọjọọ na gọọmentị ga-eme ụdị ikpe na-ezighị ezi". Ọ maara na ọ bụrụ na ọ tinye akwụkwọ, ọ ga-enwe ohere iwepu n'okpuru iyi ndị isi na ndị ọrụ dị iche iche na ntọala, eziokwu ga-apụta ma mee ka aha ya doo anya. N'oge agha siri ike n'ụlọ ikpe, n'afọ 1953, ọkụ gbara ya n'ọkụ nke sitere n'ụzọ dị omimi. Mgbe ọkụ ahụ gasịrị, ọnụ ahịa nke anụ ụlọ ya na azụmahịa ya gbadatara ruo n'ókè nke na-egosipụta nke ọma onyinye mbụ nke USAF. Ka o sina dị, agha ụlọ ikpe ahụ gara n'ihu. Barnes kpebisiri ike ịnata uru ziri ezi maka ala ya na azụmahịa ya, yana ime ka aha ya dị ọcha. Otu esemokwu dị mkpa banyere ikpe ya bụ: "Nna m ochie guzobere United States Air Force". Na arụmụka ahụ, ụlọ ikpe hụrụ ihu ọma ya ma nye ya ụgwọ ọrụ $ 375,000 maka ihe onwunwe ya na azụmahịa ya. Ọzọkwa, e wepụrụ aha ya. Dị ka ọ bịara, e wughi ụzọ ụgbọ elu ahụ a tụrụ aro ya. Mgbe gọọmentị zụrụ ya, ọ kwagara Cantil, California, na-enwe olileanya ịmaliteghachi azụmahịa dị otú ahụ n'ebe ahụ. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ mere. Ọ bụghị ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1960 ka Barnes ghọghachiri onye a na-ahụkarị na ntọala ahụ ma malite ịkpọ ya "Nne nke Edwards AFB". Ọnyá ahụ malitere ịgwọta ka Barnes na ọtụtụ ndị agadi jikọtara. A gbanwere aha ọgba aghara onye ọrụ ahụ na Edwards ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Pancho Barnes. == Ọnwụ == Barnes nwere ọrịa kansa ara, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya. E mere ndokwa ka ọ bụrụ onye isi okwu na Antelope Valley Aero Museum's annual "Barnstormers Reunion" na Eprel 5, 1975. Otú ọ dị, mgbe enyi ya kpọrọ ya na Machị 30, 1975, ọ pụghị iru ya. Nwa ya nwoke Bill hụrụ ya nwụrụ anwụ n'ụlọ ya, onye nchọpụta ahụ kpebiri na ọ nwụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu izu tupu mgbe ahụ.<ref name="obit">{{Cite news|title=Florence Barnes, 20's Aviator, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/31/archives/florence-barnes-20s-aviator-dies-set-records-did-film-stunts-and.html|work=[[New York Times]]|date=March 31, 1975}}</ref><ref name="death"/><ref name="cent"/> Bill nwetara ikike pụrụ iche, nke e nyere site na United States Air Force, iji gbasaa ntụ ya na saịtị nke Happy Bottom Riding Club. Mgbe ahụ, o ji ụgbọelu mee ihe n'elu ebe ahụ, mana ifufe na-efefe, na-ebugharị ntụ ahụ n'ime obere ụgbọelu Cessna, ka e buru ya ọzọ. "Ọbụna n'ọnwụ, Barnes ka hụrụ ezigbo njem ọṅụ n'anya". == Ihe Nketa == Di ya nke anọ, Eugene "Mac" McKendry, gara n'ihu biri na Cantil ma dịrị ndụ Barnes ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Nwa ya nwoke Bill Barnes nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-anya ụgbọelu North American P-51 Mustang na-efe n'akụkụ Fox Field na Lancaster n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1980. N'afọ 1940, o guzobere Barnes Aviation nke Lancaster, nke Bill na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ọ toro. Ọ ka dị na azụmahịa ụgbọ elu taa.<ref name="Spark">{{Cite web|author=Spark|first=Nick|url=http://legendofpanchobarnes.com/film/about-the-film/back-in-the-saddle-the-story-of-pancho-barnes-and-her-happy-bottom-riding-club.html|title=The Story of Pancho Barnes ... and Her Happy Bottom Riding Club (Originally appearing in ''Airpower'' magazine)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626063843/http://www.legendofpanchobarnes.com/film/about-the-film/back-in-the-saddle-the-story-of-pancho-barnes-and-her-happy-bottom-riding-club.html|archivedate=June 26, 2010|work=Legend of Pancho Barnes|date=January 31, 2010|accessdate=August 3, 2013}}</ref> E gosipụtara ndụ ya na àgwà ya na ''ihe'' nkiri epic nke 1983 The Right Stuff, nke sitere na akwụkwọ Tom Wolfe kacha ere ahịa nke 1979 nke otu aha ahụ. Kim Stanley mere ya. Ọ bụkwa isiokwu nke ihe nkiri TV nke akụkọ ifo nke 1988, ''Pancho Barnes'', nke John Michael Hayes dere, nke Richard Heffron duziri, na Valerie Bertinelli. E bipụtara akụkọ ndụ mbụ banyere Barnes na 1986, The Lady Who Tamed Pegasus: The Story of Pancho Barnes, nke Grover Ted Tate dere, onye dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ihe ndekọ akụkọ ndụ nke Pancho Barnes. N'afọ 1996, akụkọ ndụ nke abụọ pụtara, ''Pancho'': The Biography of Florence Lowe Barnes, nke Barbara Schultz dere. Akụkọ ndụ nke atọ pụtara na 2000, nke Lauren Kessler dere, ''The Happy Bottom Riding Club'': The Life and Times of Pancho Barnes. PBS kwadoro ihe nkiri, The Legend of Pancho Barnes and the Happy Bottom Riding Club, nke e dechara na 2009. N'ime ya, Kathy Bates na-enye olu Barnes. Emere ihe nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya site na ala Barnes. Otú ọ dị, ala ahụ nyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ohere zuru oke maka akwụkwọ na foto nke onwe ya yana akụkọ ndụ ya nke nwere ikike nwebisiinka nke ala ahụ nwere. Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke na-akọ akụkọ ndụ Barnes, bụ nke Nick T. Spark mepụtara ma dee ma Amanda Pope duzie ya na njikọ ya na KOCE-TV, ụlọ ọrụ PBS na Orange County, California. Ihe ngosi ahụ meriri Emmy maka nka na akụkọ ihe mere eme kacha mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendofpanchobarnes.com/|title=The Legend of Pancho Barnes and the Happy Bottom Riding Club.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523111947/http://www.legendofpanchobarnes.com/|archivedate=May 23, 2013|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|accessdate=August 3, 2013}}</ref> Barnes' ''Mystery Ship'' #32 was for a long time located in a hangar at Mojave Airport. It was sold to a private collector a number of years ago,{{when|date=August 2019}} and is currently in the United Kingdom, where it has been restored.{{#tag:ref|[[Paul Mantz]] had later purchased the aircraft and used it extensively in film work. Years later, Barnes bought it back in an auction where other pilots made sure nobody bid against her.|group=N}} [[Usòrò:Panch_Barnes_Day.jpg|thumb|Ndị otu Ninety-Nines na ezinụlọ ha na-agwa ndị bịara na Pancho Barnes Day, November 7, 2009.]] Ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Happy Bottom Riding Club bụ ebe a na-eme emume ụbọchị Pancho Barnes nke USAF Test Pilot School / Edwards Air Force Base kwa afọ (nke e guzobere na 1980). A na-eme oriri na ọṅụṅụ ma na-enye ihe ọṅụṅụ, tinyere ịgba egwú na egwu dị ndụ iji cheta onye ọsụ ụzọ ụgbọ elu na enyi a. Oge ezinụlọ na-aga n'ihu ruo ihe dị ka elekere itoolu nke ehihie, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ bụ oriri naanị ndị okenye, ikekwe iji cheta ụbọchị ochie nke Happy Bottom Riding Club.<ref name="Edwards.af.mil/news">{{Cite web|url=http://www.edwards.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123288094|title=Test Pilots Celebrate Pancho|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422232007/http://www.edwards.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123288094|archivedate=April 22, 2014|work=Edwards.af.mil|accessdate=August 2, 2013}}</ref> Pancho Barnes na Happy Bottom Flying Club bụ ndị Hal Jordan na-eto eto na-eleta na usoro ihe ọchị ''DC'': The New Frontier . N'ime ihe nkiri 2019 Captain Marvel, a na-akpọ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ onye na-anya ụgbọelu ''Captain Marvel'' Pancho's Bar, nke na-ezo aka na aha njirimara Barnes "Pancho".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2019/03/05/captain-marvel-pays-tribute-to-air-force-history-and-a-fallen-thunderbird/|title='Captain Marvel' pays tribute to Air Force history — and a fallen Thunderbird|first=Stephen|author=Losey|date=March 7, 2019|work=Air Force Times}}</ref> == Ihe odide == === Ihe edeturu === {{Reflist|group=N}} === Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ === {{Reflist|30em}} === Akwụkwọ ===   == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.panchobarnes.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ maka Estate nke Pancho Barnes] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130523111947/http://www.legendofpanchobarnes.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ihe nkiri, The Legend of Pancho Barnes and the Happy Bottom Riding Club] * [http://www.chuckyeager.com/hi-ya-folks-welcome-to-panchos Akụkọ Pancho na saịtị Chuck Yeager] {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b3op5uka6r4grbkhbcvwrzehptvabse Uchechukwu Umezurike 0 27745 743575 654954 2026-11-06T07:51:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}     '''Uchechukwu Peter Umezurike''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Uche Peter Umez''', bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|onye]] edemede Naijiria na ọkà mmụta na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka osote prọfesọ nke Bekee na Mahadum Calgary. Na mgbakwunye na ibipụta ọtụtụ ọrụ nke akụkọ ifo ụmụaka, akụkọ ifo dị mkpirikpi, na uri, nyocha agụmakwụkwọ ya sitere na ọmụmụ okike na echiche agbụrụ dị oke egwu iji nyochaa akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka, ndị Afrịka na-achị ala ọzọ, na akwụkwọ ụwa niile yana ihe nkiri. == Agụmakwụkwọ na Ọrụ == Umezurike kewara ọtụtụ afọ mbụ ya n'etiti Lagos na [[Òwèrè|Owerri]], ọ bụ ezie na ọ gara ọtụtụ ebe ma biri n'ọtụtụ obodo na steeti. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ postsecondary ya na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Abia|Mahadum Abia]] State dị na [[Uturu]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. O nwere mmasị na mbụ ịmalite ọrụ na ego ma debanye aha na nchịkwa azụmaahịa na mmemme ụlọ akụ, ọ bụ ezie na o mechara gbanwee gaa na mmemme gọọmentị na nchịkwa ọha na eze, nke ọ rụzuru na 1997. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ dịghị ubi ọ bụla jidere ọchịchọ ịmata ihe ya. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka Umezurike malitere inwe mmasị n'akwụkwọ Bekee dị ka ụzọ isi gbochie ike ọgwụgwụ, yana ịnagide egwu na obi nkoropụ ọ nwere n'oge ọchịchị aka ike [[Sani Abacha]] nke afọ 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Conversation with Uchechukwu Peter Umezurike|url=https://theshallowtalesreview.com.ng/fictionalising-history-and-home-a-conversation-with-uchechukwu-peter-umezurike/}}</ref> Umezurike gara n'ihu na-anwale ụdị dị iche iche mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum. N'afọ 2004, o bipụtara Dark through the Delta (2004), nchịkọta uri, nke Tears in Her Eyes (2005) sochiri, nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, na ''Sam'' and the Wallet (2007), ọrụ akụkọ ifo ụmụaka. N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ya, ọ debanyere aha na ọtụtụ mmemme obibi maka ndị edemede mba ụwa, gụnyere International Writing Program na Iowa City na 2008, Château de Lavigny onye edemede bi na Switzerland na 2010, na Civitella Ranieri Foundation bi na Ịtali na 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uchechukwu Peter UMEZURIKE|url=https://iwp.uiowa.edu/writers/uchechukwu-peter-umezurike}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni|url=http://www.chateaudelavigny.ch/alumni-2/|accessdate=2023-06-16|archivedate=2014-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505171340/http://www.chateaudelavigny.ch/alumni-2/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fellow- Uchechukwu Peter Umezurike|url=https://civitella.org/fellow/uche-umezurike/}}</ref> Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ Umezurike malitere mgbe ọ gara Mahadum nke Port Harcourt iji nweta nzere masta na edemede Bekee. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ edemede ya n'afọ 2014, na-elekwasị anya na mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ dị ''n'Ebe'' Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka; Beyond the Horizon nke onye edemede Ghana bụ Amma Darko, na On Black Sisters" Street nke onye edemedi Naijiria bụ [[Chika Unigwe]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uchechukwu Umezurike|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/uchechukwu-umezurike-96919a11/?originalSubdomain=ca}}</ref> Mmasị ya n'ịchọpụta etu nnọchiteanya nke okike na edemede Naijiria si mara site na echiche na ụkpụrụ ndị na-akọwa etu ọha mmadụ kwesịrị isi mata, soro, ma nabata ma ọ bụ ọbụna kwado ndị mmadụ mere ka ọ sonye na Ph.D. na Bekee na mmemme Film Studies na Mahadum Alberta na Edmonton, [[Kánada|Canada]]. N'okpuru nlekọta nke Lahoucine Ouzgane, ọ dechara akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya na 2021, na-elekwasị anya na nnọchiteanya nke okike na mmekọahụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ndị edemede Igbo na-ele anya n'ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ndị chegharịrị, manyere, ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-ama nwoke aka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Receptive Subjects|url=https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/4bce329e-99c4-401c-8caa-0f1b04f6cc4a}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, e nyere ya 2021 Nigeria Prize for Literary Criticism, nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe nrite kachasị maka nkatọ akwụkwọ n'Africa, n'ịghọta omimi, ịdị ike, na mkpa nke edemede agụmakwụkwọ atọ e bipụtara n'oge ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ doctoral.<ref>{{Cite news|title=BREAKING: Umezurike wins Nigeria Prize for Literary Criticism 2021|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-umezurike-wins-nigeria-prize-for-literary-criticism-2021/|author=Adewole, Segun|date=October 30, 2021|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Umezurike ghọrọ onye mbụ natara onyinye Postdoctoral Awards maka ndị ọkà mmụta obodo na ndị isi ojii na Mahadum Calgary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inaugural recipients of Provost’s Postdoctoral Awards for Indigenous and Black Scholars announced|url=https://ucalgary.ca/news/inaugural-recipients-provosts-postdoctoral-awards-indigenous-and-black-scholars-announced}}</ref> Ọrụ ya ugbu a na-atụle otú ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị edemede Africa Canada si echepụta ebe obibi ọhụrụ ha na Canada, ọkachasị n'ime ihe ndị dị n'etiti ndị obodo na ọbụbụeze ha, na-eme ka oghere dị na agụmakwụkwọ gbasara akụkọ ndị Afrịka na-akwaga Canada. Ọzọkwa, Umezurike anọgidewo na-emepụta ọrụ edemede okike na mgbakwunye na nchụso agụmakwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 2021, o bipụtara Wish Maker, akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụaka ọzọ, yana nchịkọta akụkọ ọzọ dị mkpirikpi, Double ''Wahala'', Double Trouble.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Double Wahala, Double Trouble|url=https://store.poisonedpen.com/item/2yThqHuKelpVS03leAT4jQ}}</ref> ''E'' wepụtara nchịkọta uri ọhụrụ ya, ndị ọzọ, na Machị 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=there's more|url=https://www.uap.ualberta.ca/titles/1051-9781772126808-theres-more}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ edemede == * ''Please Don’t Interrupt'' (nke ya na [[Rona Altrows]] dere)''.'' Griots Lounge (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Please Don’t Interrupt – Griots Lounge Publishing Canada |url=https://griotslounge.ca/product/please-dont-interrupt/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |language=en-CA}}</ref> === Abụ uri === * ''there’s more''. University of Alberta Press (2023).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Please Don't Interrupt: An Anthology|url=https://parnassusbooks.net/book/9781738334049|date=2025-12-15|isbn=978-1-7383340-4-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Please Don’t Interrupt – Griots Lounge Publishing Canada|url=https://griotslounge.ca/product/please-dont-interrupt/|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en-CA}}</ref> * ''Aridity of Feelings'' (Edu-Edy Publications, 2006)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aridity of feelings {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/137244770|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=zh-tw}}</ref> * ''Dark through the Delta'' (Edu-Edy Publications, 2004)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reservebooks.com/mobile/darkthoughthedelta.html|work=reservebooks.com|accessdate=2026-06-10}}</ref> === Akụkọ ifo dị mkpirikpi === * ''Double Wahala, Double Trouble''. Griots Lounge Publishing (2021).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Double wahala, double trouble: stories|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/60803179-double-wahala-double-trouble|publisher=Griots Lounge Publishing|date=2021|location=Kanada|isbn=978-1-7776884-0-0|author=Uchechukwu Peter Umezurike}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Double Wahala, Double Trouble|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Double_Wahala_Double_Trouble.html?id=7Ay8zgEACAAJ|publisher=Griots Lounge Publishing|date=2021-11-26|isbn=978-1-7776884-0-0|language=en|author=Uchechukwu Peter Umezurike}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Double Wahala Double Trouble Archives - Konya Shamsrumi|url=https://shamsrumi.org/tag/double-wahala-double-trouble/|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Double Wahala, Double Trouble – Griots Lounge Publishing Canada|url=https://griotslounge.ca/product/double-wahala-double-trouble/|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en-CA}}</ref> * ''Tears in Her Eyes''. Edu-Edy Publications (2005). === Akụkọ ifo ụmụaka === * ''Wish Maker''. Masobe Books (2021).<ref>{{cite book |title=Wish Maker |isbn=9789843240 }}</ref> * ''Gogo and the Slimy Green Grub''. Lantern Books (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.ca/Gogo-Slimy-Green-Grub-Umuezurike-ebook/dp/B079TX21DF|title=Gogo and the Slimy Green Grub|first1=Uche P.|last1=Umuezurike|first2=Lantern|last2=Books|date=February 14, 2018|publisher=Lantern Books|via=Amazon}}</ref> * ''Tim the Monkey and Other Stories''. Africana First Publishers (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|title=A city of griots|url=https://businessday.ng/arts-and-life/article/a-city-of-griots/|work=Businessday NG|date=2016-12-11|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en-US|author=Chuks Oluigbo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Two Nigerian Poets in Conversation|url=https://munyori.org/2013/09/two-nigerian-poets-in-conversation/|work=Munyori Literary Journal|date=2013-09-13|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Q&A: Uche Peter Umez interviews poet Musa Idris Okpanachi|url=https://africainwords.com/2013/12/19/qa-uche-peter-umez-interviews-poet-musa-idris-okpanachi/|date=2013-12-19|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en|author=Africa in Words Guest}}</ref> * ''The Boy Who Throws Stones at Animals and Other Stories''. Melrose Books (2011).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two Nigerian Poets in Conversation|url=https://munyori.org/2013/09/two-nigerian-poets-in-conversation/|work=Munyori Literary Journal|date=2013-09-13|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''The Runaway Hero''. Jalaa Writers’ Collective (2011). * ''Sam and the Wallet''. Funtime TV Enterprises (2007). === Ihe odide === * “The Story is an Egg, or Five Fragments.” The Shallow Tales Review (2022).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theshallowtalesreview.com.ng/the-story-is-an-egg-or-five-fragments/|title=The Story is an Egg, or Five Fragments|first=The Shallow Tales|last=Review|date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> * “The Intimacy of Words, or a Better Way of Being.” Iskanchi (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iskanchi.com/magazine-posts/the-intimacy-of-words-or-a-better-way-of-being|title=The Intimacy of Words, or a Better Way of Being|website=www.iskanchi.com}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ Ndị Ọkà Mmụta == * "'Omelora": Ọtọdọks na Disciplinary Masculinities na Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus." (2022).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Umezurike|first=Uche|title=Omelora|journal=Men and Masculinities|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1097184X211063498}}</ref> * "The Eco (centric) Border Man: Masculinities and the Nonhuman in Jim Lynch's Border Songs. " (2021)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Umezurike|first=Uche|title=The Eco(centric) Border Man|journal=Men, Masculinities, and Earth|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-54486-7}}</ref> * "Ị bipụta onwe ya n'oge ọchịchị ndị agha na Naịjirịa, 1985-1999." (2019)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Umezurike|first=Uche|title=Self-Publishing in the era of military rule in Nigeria, 1985-1999|journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2019.1627186}}</ref> * "Ogre postcolonial in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" Wizard of the Crow." (2018)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Umezurike|first=Uche|title=Postcolonial Ogres in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow|journal=Postcolonial Text|url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/view/2148/2182|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608204258/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/view/2148/2182|archive-date=2023-06-08|access-date=2023-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> * "Ala nke ili ozu: ihe oyiyi olili ozu na uri nke Musa Idris Okpanachi".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Umezurike|first=Uche|title=Land of cemetery: funereal images in the poetry of Musa Idris Okpanachi|volume=Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde|url=https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/tvl/article/view/1325}}</ref> == Onyinye na onyinye == * Onye mmeri Nigeria Prize for Literary Criticism, Nigeria, 2021. * Onyinye Provost maka ndị ọkà mmụta obodo na ndị isi ojii, Mahadum Calgary, 2021. * Edmonton Arts Council Grant, Edmonton, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 Grants for Individuals & Collectives Recipients|url=https://www.tixonthesquare.ca/blog/2021-grants-for-individuals-collectives-recipients-october-deadline/}}</ref> * James Patrick Folinsbee Memorial Scholarship in Creative Writing, Mahadum nke Toronto, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Eze|first=Ejika|title=NPM Columnist Uchechukwu Peter Umezurike Unveils Book Cover for Short Story Collection|url=https://nigerianparents.com/readerscorner/npm-columnist-uche-unveils-book-cover-for-short-story-collection/|accessdate=2023-06-16|archivedate=2023-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531041239/https://nigerianparents.com/readerscorner/npm-columnist-uche-unveils-book-cover-for-short-story-collection/}}</ref> * Vanier Graduate Scholarship Award, Canada, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanier Scholars 2018|url=https://vanier.gc.ca/en/scholar_search-chercheur_recherche_2018.html}}</ref> * Ndepụta, Nigeria LNG Prize for Literature, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerialng.com/News.aspx?&id=61|title=Home &#124; NLNG|accessdate=2023-06-16|archivedate=2014-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043138/http://www.nigerialng.com/News.aspx?&id=61}}</ref> * Onye mmeri, UNESCO-Aschberg, Sanskriti Kendra, India, 2009. * Alumnus, Caine Prize for African Writing Workshop, Accra, Ghana, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caineprize.com/workshops.php|title=The Caine Prize|publisher=|accessdate=2023-06-16|archivedate=2015-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507195640/http://www.caineprize.com/workshops.php}}</ref> * Onye ibe ya, Civitella Ranieri, Ịtali, 2012. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]] a1axnhtpzwfvn66tjtshu0ry1yk48ai Paul Clavin 0 28320 743465 189128 2026-11-05T14:45:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Paul Clavin''' bụ onye sayensị Frenchi na Mahadum Aix-Marseille, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba nke ọkụ na statistical mechanics. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Institute for Research on Nonequilibrium Phenomena (IRPHE).<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1063/PT.3.3665|title=Combustion Waves and Fronts in Flows: Flames, Shocks, Detonations, Ablation Fronts and Explosion of Stars ''Combustion'' Waves and Fronts in Flows: Flames, Shocks, Detonations, Ablation Fronts and Explosion of Stars, Paul Clavin and Geoff Searby, Cambridge U. Press, 2016, 720 p, $190.00, ISBN 978-1-107-09868-8|journal=Physics Today|volume=70|issue=8|pages=62|year=2017|author=Poinsot|first=Thierry}}</ref> Clavin jere ozi dika onyeisi oche nke mekanik nke ana ahụ anya na Institut Universitaire de France site na 1993 ruo 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cefrc.princeton.edu/combustion-summer-school/archived-programs/2015-session-2/lecturers-1#comp0000567fb6b50000000181361f|title=Lecturers - Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center|work=cefrc.princeton.edu}}</ref> Ọ natara Ya.B. Zeldovich Gold Medal site na The Combustion Institute na 2014 na onye otu The Combussion Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.combustioninstitute.org/resources/awards/ya-b-zeldovich-gold-medal/|title=Ya. B. Zeldovich Gold Medal - The Combustion Institute|work=www.combustioninstitute.org|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=17 July 2023|archivedate=8 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608052440/https://www.combustioninstitute.org/resources/awards/ya-b-zeldovich-gold-medal/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.combustioninstitute.org/resources/awards/fellows-of-the-combustion-institute/|title=Fellows of The Combustion Institute - The Combustion Institute|work=www.combustioninstitute.org|date=20 June 2017|accessdate=17 July 2023|archivedate=8 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608051502/https://www.combustioninstitute.org/resources/awards/fellows-of-the-combustion-institute/}}</ref> E mere ogbako akpọrọ Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics na 2012 iji sọpụrụ ụbọchị ọmụmụ Clavin nke afọ 70.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irphe.fr/~ooed/index.html|title=Out-Of-Equilibrium Dynamics|work=www.irphe.fr|access-date=2023-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717202741/https://www.irphe.fr/~ooed/index.html|archive-date=2023-07-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye Grand Prix site na French Academy of Sciences na 1998 ma nata onyinye Plumey site na Société Française de Physique na 1988. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya na ebe ana agụmakwụkwọ maka frenchi n'afọ 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Académie des sciences|url=https://www.academie-sciences.fr/fr/Liste-des-membres-de-l-Academie-des-sciences-/-C/paul-clavin.html}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ === * {{Cite book|author=Paul Clavin, Geoff Searby|title=Combustion Waves and Fronts in Flows: Flames, Shocks, Detonations, Ablation Fronts and Explosion of Stars|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1107098688}} == Lekwaa ==   == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] haeiarqggkl0lpgu1t0kti2s6yx6348 Walden Bello 0 28949 743585 719141 2026-11-06T10:07:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Walden Flores Bello''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 11, 1945) bụ onye agụmakwụkwọ Filipino bụ onye jere ozi dị ka onye otu Ụlọ Nnọchiteanya nke Philippines.  Ọ bụ prọfesọ adjunct mba ụwa na Mahadum Binghamton, prọfesọ nke sociology na nchịkwa ọha na Mahadum nke Philippines Diliman, na onye isi nchịkwa nke echiche mpaghara amụma echiche Focus na Global South..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binghamton.edu/sociology/faculty/profile.html?id=waldenbello|title=Walden Bello - Our Faculty - Sociology &#124; Binghamton University|accessdate=2023-08-16|archivedate=2021-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027104349/https://www.binghamton.edu/sociology/faculty/profile.html?id=waldenbello}}</ref> Bello bụkwa onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke njikọ aka ekpe Laban ng Masa. ''Agha nke Ndị Mmadụ)'' N'Ọktoba 20, 2021, Bello gbara akwụkwọ ndoro-ndoro ochichi ya maka osote onye isi ala na ntuli aka 2022 Philippine dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ nke onye isi oche na onye ndu ndị ọrụ Leody de Guzman.  Usoro ha na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, na mgbanwe usoro nke ịda ogbenye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/ka-leody-de-guzman-walden-bello-tandem-plans-economy-politics-social-development-elections-2022/|title=Ka Leody-Bello platform: Higher wages, billionaire's tax, mass murderers behind bars|date=October 23, 2021}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Bello na Cardona, Rizal na Luz Flores na Jesse Bello si Ilocos Norte na Ilocos Sur, n'otu n'otu.<ref name="campaignbio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2015/10/25/18779236.php|title=Walden Bello Runs for Senator of the Philippines, Pushes Reforms in Governance|date=October 25, 2015|author=Walden Bello for Senator Movement}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ya kwụrụ ụgwọ akwụkwọ Jesuit ya na Mahadum Ateneo de Manila wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Princeton.  Mgbe ọ na-aga Princeton na United States, a kpọbatara ya na mgbochi agha wee duru ọrụ nke Woodrow Wilson Center.  Esemokwu ya na ndị uwe ojii nọ n'oge ngagharị iwe a kpalitere Bello ma kpalie ya ịchụso ndụ nke ime ihe ike.  Maka agụmakwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara Chile ma nọrọ n'obodo nta ndị na-eso Salvador Allende rịgoro n'ọchịchị onye isi ala.<ref name="Pstar">{{Cite news|author=Ramos Shahani|first=Lila|title=The Kentex Fire: A Conversation with Walden Bello|url=http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/05/26/1458669/kentex-fire-conversation-walden-bello|accessdate=January 27, 2016|work=philstar.com|date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ laghachiri na United States iji gbachitere akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ọ tụfuru ikike ịlaghachi Philippines mgbe a kagburu paspọtụ ya mgbe nkwupụta nke Martial Law site n'aka Onye isi ala [[Ferdinand Marcos]] na Septemba 21, 1972.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Professor, 2 others nabbed (2:29 p.m.)|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/net/2006/02/24/professor.2.others.nabbed.(2.29.p.m.).html|work=Sun.Star|date=February 24, 2006|accessdate=June 27, 2007|archive-date=October 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028170626/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/net/2006/02/24/professor.2.others.nabbed.(2.29.p.m.).html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ime ihe ike == Bello natara Ph.D. ya na sociology site na Princeton na 1975 mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctoral ya nke akpọrọ "The roots and dynamics of revolution and counterrevolution in Chile". Ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke ndị na-emegide Marcos, malitere ịkụzi na Mahadum California, Berkeley wee bụrụ onye otu Communist Party of the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bello|first=Walden F.|url=https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/3266058|title=The roots and dynamics of revolution and counterrevolution in Chile|date=1975|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Pstar"/> N'afọ 1978 mgbe e jidere ya ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge ngagharị iwe, e jidere ye mgbe ọ duziri nnweta nke onye nnọchi anya Philippines na San Francisco. E mechara tọhapụ Bello mgbe ọ kwụsịrị agụụ iji mee ka a mara ọnọdụ Philippines na-eche ihu.<ref name="WBwebsite">{{Cite web|title=About Walden|url=http://www.waldenbello.org/about-walden/|work=Walden Bello|date=July 5, 2013|accessdate=January 27, 2016|language=en-US|archivedate=January 21, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121011348/http://www.waldenbello.org/about-walden/}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 1980, Bello wakporo isi [[World Bank|ụlọ]] ọrụ World Bank ma zuo akwụkwọ nzuzo 3,000 nke o kwuru na ọ ga-egosi njikọ nke IMF na World Bank na Marcos.<ref name="WBwebsite" /> O mechara dee Development Debacle: World Bank in the Philippines na 1982 na-agba akwụkwọ ndị na-ekwu na mbipụta a nyere aka na 1986 People Power Revolution na Philippines, Bello laghachiri n'ala nna ya afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị.<ref name="Pstar" /> N'afọ 1995, Bello guzobere Focus on the Global South, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha iwu nke dị na Bangkok, Thailand.<ref name="WBwebsite"/> Bello duziri nkuzi n'oge ngagharị iwe nke WTO na Seattle na 1999 ma mee ngagharị iwe na mba ụwa megide ijikọ ụwa ọnụ na 2001 G8 Summit, WTO Ministerial Conference nke 2003, WTO Ministerial Congress nke 2005 ma machibido ya iwu na 2006 World Bank-IMF Conference na Singapore.<ref name="WBwebsite" /> Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Bello malitere ịla azụ na pati Communist nke Philippines mgbe ọ nụchara na ha boro ebubo na ha gburu ndị mmadụ n'afọ 1980 na 1990 bụ ndị eboro ebubo na ha bụ ndị nnọchiteanya abụọ..<ref name="Pstar"/> Bello mechara sonye na Akbayan Citizens' Action Party wee bụrụ onye otu ndị omeiwu na 2010.<ref name="Pstar" /> Na Machị 2015, Bello gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya na ndị omeiwu n'ihi esemokwu ya na Onye isi ala Benigno Aquino nke Atọ nke gbara usoro nkwụghachi ụgwọ na ihe omume Mamasapano gburugburu. Ọ gbara ọsọ maka onye omeiwu na 2016 mana o meriri.<ref name="RAPPLER">{{Cite news|author=Aceron|first=Joy|title=That thing called resignation|url=http://www.rappler.com/views/imho/86797-walden-bello-resignation|accessdate=January 27, 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=March 14, 2015}}</ref> Ọ na-anọdụ ugbu a na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke International Forum on Globalization na bọọdụ nke ndị nduzi na-eche echiche nke aka ekpe Center for Economic and Policy Research.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifg.org/about/bod.htm|title=Board of Directors of IFG|accessdate=December 26, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302041256/http://ifg.org/about/bod.htm|archivedate=March 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cepr.net/index.php/board/|title=Board of Directors|date=March 2015|publisher=Center for Economic and Policy Research|accessdate=March 13, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318070636/http://www.cepr.net/index.php/board/|archivedate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu Greenpeace mpaghara.<ref name="WBwebsite"/> == Nhọrọ mba 2022 == Ndị otu Laban ng Masa malitere mkpọsa ịnakọta mbinye aka 300,000 iji mee ka Bello gbaa ọsọ maka onyeisi oche na ntuli aka 2022. Na nkwupụta, Laban ng Masa kwuru na ọ chọrọ "ịkwanye maka ikpo okwu dị oke egwu nke na-elekwasị anya na ndị ogbenye, na-ebute ndị na-eleghara anya, na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike nke ndị Filipinos nkịtị..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coalition launches signature drive for Walden Bello's bid for president in Eleksyon 2022|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/792374/coalition-launches-signature-drive-for-walden-bello-s-bid-for-president-in-eleksyon-2022/story/|accessdate=October 22, 2021|work=GMA News Online|language=en}}</ref> Ndị otu Bello choro mkparịta ụka na ndị na-akwado osote onye isi ala Robredo ruo ọnwa atọ mana e leghaara ha anya. Nke a mere ka ha kwado Leody de Guzman na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala, kama.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Galvez|first=Daphne|date=October 4, 2021|title=Progressive group says it sought meeting with Robredo on 2022 polls but 'spurned'|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1496966/progressive-group-says-it-sought-meeting-with-vp-robredo-on-2022-polls-but-spurned|accessdate=October 22, 2021|work=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi maka osote onye isi ala nke 2022 === N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, Bello kpebiri ịzọ ọkwa osote onye isi ala n'okpuru Partido Lakas ng Masa, na-anọchi Raquel Castillo onye tinyere akwụkwọ ya dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ Guzman n'otu pati ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mendoza|first=John Eric|date=October 20, 2021|title=Activist Walden Bello runs for VP as Ka Leody's running mate|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1504411/activist-walden-bello-runs-for-vp-as-ka-leodys-running-mate|accessdate=October 22, 2021|work=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == The US Socialist Worker kọwara Bello dị ka "otu n'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu nke ọma na ndị na-arụpụta ihe n'aka ekpe mba ụwa" nakwa na "ọ raara ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya nye ịlụso imperialism na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ ọgụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Walden Bello needs your support|url=http://socialistworker.org/2005-1/532/532_07_WaldenBello.shtml|work=socialistworker.org|publisher=[[Socialist Worker]]|accessdate=January 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206191116/http://socialistworker.org/2005-1/532/532_07_WaldenBello.shtml|archive-date=February 6, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bello bụkwa onye na-akwado Hugo Chávez ma nwee mmasị na mmegide ya na United States, na-ekwu mgbe ọnwụ Chávez gasịrị na ọ bụ "omume klas, nke na-agaghị ekwe omume ịgbaso. Ebe ọ bụla ị nọ ugbu a, nye ha ọkụ ala mmụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bello|first=Walden|title=I'll miss Hugo|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/48265/ill-miss-hugo|accessdate=January 27, 2016|date=March 7, 2013}}</ref> == Arụmụka == N'August 8, 2022, ndị uwe ojii jidere Bello n'ụlọ ya dị na Quezon City site na ikike njide nke Davao City Regional Trial Court Branch 10 nyere.<ref name="pdiL" /><ref name="ajL">{{Cite news|author=Beltran|first=Michael|date=August 11, 2022|title=Calls to end criminal libel in Philippines after critic arrested|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/11/calls-to-end-criminal-libel-in-philippines-after-critic-arrested|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref><ref name="tpsL" /> E boro ya ebubo na June maka cyberlibel dabere na Revised Penal Code na Cybercrime Prevention Act nke 2012 (Republic Act 10175); nke sitere na mkpesa nke onye bụbu onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi Davao City Jefry Tupas tinyere megide ya.<ref name="pdiL">{{Cite news|author=Sarao|first=Zacarian|date=August 8, 2022|title=Walden Bello arrested over cyberlibel case filed by ex-Davao City info officer|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1642860/walden-bello-arrested-over-cyberlibel-case/|work=[[Inquirer.net]]|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> E jidere ya n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii nke Quezon City District na Camp Karingal ruo mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'echi ya mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ịgbapụta.<ref name="tpsL">{{Cite news|author=Mateo|first=Janvic|date=August 10, 2022|title=Walden Bello released on bail|url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/08/10/2201508/walden-bello-released-bail/|work=[[The Philippine Star]]|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Bolledo|first=Jairo|date=August 15, 2022|title=Walden Bello asks court to suspend proceedings of cyber libel case|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/walden-bello-camp-asks-court-suspend-proceedings-cyber-libel-case/|work=[[Rappler]]|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> Ndị omebe iwu Europe na ndị omebe iwu Asean maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ katọrọ njide ya.<ref name="pdiL10" /> Ikpe ahụ mere ka nchegbu banyere nnwere onwe ikwu okwu<ref name="ajL"/> ma kọọ na ọ kpatara ngagharị iwe.<ref name="pdiL10">{{Cite news|author=Lacorte|first=Germelina|date=October 27, 2022|title=Walden Bello: Cyber libel case is not about me, it's about press freedom|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1685822/walden-bello-cyber-libel-case-is-not-about-me-its-about-press-freedom/|work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2023, RTC Branch 10 tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa maka Bello ka ọ jụrụ itinye akwụkwọ mkpesa megide ebubo.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Casilao|first=Joahna Lei|date=January 26, 2023|title=Court enters not guilty plea for Walden Bello in cyber libel case|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/858733/court-enters-not-guilty-plea-for-walden-bello-in-cyber-libel-case/story/|work=[[GMA News Online]]|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == Bello edeela ma dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo. Otu n'ime ha bụ ndị a:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waldenbello.org/category/s5-publications/c13-books/|title=Books|work=Walden Bello|language=en-US|accessdate=May 30, 2018|archivedate=June 3, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603041028/http://www.waldenbello.org/category/s5-publications/c13-books/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Walden-Bello/e/B00CQ8D9MU|title=Walden Bello: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle|work=Amazon|accessdate=May 30, 2018}}</ref> * ''A Siamese Tragedy: Development and Disintegration in Modern Thailand'' (1999), with co-author Shea Cunningham * ''Global Finance: New Thinking on Regulating Speculative Capital Markets'' (2000), editor, with co-editor Nicola Bullard * ''Deglobalization: Ideas for a New World Economy: Global Issues'' (2005) * ''Dilemmas of Domination: The Unmaking of the American Empire'' (2005) * ''The Anti-Development State: The Political Economy of Permanent Crisis in the Philippines'' (2006), with co-authors Herbert Docena, Marissa de Guzman, and Mary Lou Malig * ''The Food Wars'' (2009) * ''Capitalism's Last Stand?: Deglobalization in the Age of Austerity'' (2013) * ''Counterrevolution: The Global Rise of the Far Right'' (2019) * ''Paper Dragons: China and the Next Crash'' (2019) == Nkwado == N'afọ 2003, e nyere Bello Right Livelihood Award, nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya kọwara ya dị ka "otu n'ime ndị isi na-akatọ ihe nlereanya nke ugbu a nke ijikọ akụ na ụba ụwa, na-ejikọta ọrụ nke ọgụgụ isi na onye na-eme ihe ike. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/laureates/walden-bello/|title=Walden Bello|work=[[Right Livelihood Award]]|accessdate=2023-08-16|archivedate=2021-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606120156/https://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/laureates/walden-bello/}}</ref> Bello bụkwa onye otu Transnational Institute (nke dị na Amsterdam), ọ bụkwa onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka Foreign Policy na Focus. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2008, International Studies Association kpọrọ ya onye ọkà mmụta ọha na eze pụtara ìhè maka afọ 2008. E nyere Bello ihe nrite "Most Distinguished Defender of Human Rights" nke Amnesty International Philippines n'afọ 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-11|title=[OPINION] Time to seek justice, not hand out the Nobel Prize, for economic crimes|url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/opinion-time-seek-justice-not-hand-out-nobel-prize-economic-crimes/|accessdate=2023-06-26|work=Rappler|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * Akụkọ ndụ na [https://web.archive.org/web/20081117083425/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/bello.html ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Right Livelihood Award] * [http://www.tni.org/users/walden-bello Akụkọ ndụ] sitere na Transnational Institute * [http://www.focusweb.org Ilekwasị Anya na Ndịda Ụwa] * Osama na Trump: 2 bookends to the downspin of an Empire by Walden Bello {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1vba5msrqm1d9y1e5vfhswxbpygctmu Open Source Geospatial Foundation 0 29130 743457 118162 2026-11-05T12:41:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743457 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |Open Source Geospatial Foundation | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:OSGeo_logo.svg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Abbreviation | class="infobox-data nickname" |OSGeo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founded | class="infobox-data note" |February&nbsp;4, 2006<span class="noprint">&#x3B;&#x20;17 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006-02-04</span>)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founders | class="infobox-data" |[[Arnulf Christl]], [[Chris Holmes (entrepreneur)|Chris Holmes]], [[Gary Lang]], [[Markus Neteler]], [[Frank Warmerdam]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founded at | class="infobox-data" |Chicago, US |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Type | class="infobox-data" |[[NGO]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Purpose | class="infobox-data" |Open source geospatial software and data |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Region served </div> | class="infobox-data" |global |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">President</div> | class="infobox-data" |Angelos Tzotsos<ref name="board"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="211">[https://www.osgeo.org/about/board/ "Board of Directors"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="212">Open Source Geospatial Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="213"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-25</span></span>.</span></cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |[[Research Organization Registry|R.O.R.]] Id | class="infobox-data" |https://web.archive.org/web/20230315122434/https://ror.org/00cjqbk89 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Volunteers </div> | class="infobox-data" |30000+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.osgeo.org www.osgeo.org]</span> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197305#P856|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |} .Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwado na ịkwalite mmepe mmekorita nke teknụzụ geospatial mepere emepe na data. E hiwere ntọala ahụ na February 2006 iji nye nkwado ego, nhazi na iwu nye obodo geospatial n'efu na mepere emepe.[1] Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ iwu kwadoro nke ndị otu obodo nwere ike itinye koodu, ego na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ. The OSGeo Foundation is community driven and has an organizational structure consisting of elected members and nine directors, including the president. Software projects have their own governance structure, by requirement. ''see [https://www.osgeo.org/about/faq/#Projects_Joining_the_Foundation FAQ]''. The OSGeo community collaborates via a [[Wiki]], Mailing Lists and IRC. [[Usòrò:GeoServer_GeoNetwork_with_web_app.svg|thumb|349x349px|Several OSGeo projects can communicate with each other and other geographical tools.]] OSGeo projects include: === Geospatial Libraries === * FDO &#x2013; API (C++, .Net) between GIS application and sources; for manipulating, defining and analyzing geospatial data. * GDAL/OGR &#x2013; Library between GIS application and sources; for reading and writing raster geospatial data formats (GDAL) and simple features vector data (OGR). * GeoTools &#x2013; Open source GIS toolkit (Java); to enable the creation of interactive geographic visualization clients. * GEOS &#x2013; A C++ port of the Java Topology Suite (JTS), a geometry model. * MetaCRS &#x2013; Projections and coordinate system technologies, including PROJ. * Orfeo ToolBox (OTB) &#x2013; Open source tools to process satellite images and extract information. * [https://trac.osgeo.org/ossim/ OSSIM] Extensive geospatial image processing libraries with support for satellite and aerial sensors and common image formats. * PostGIS &#x2013; Spatial extensions for the PostgreSQL database, enabling geospatial queries. === Web Mapping === ==== Server ==== * MapServer &#x2013; Fast web mapping engine for publishing spatial data and services on the web; written in C. * Geomajas &#x2013; Development software for web-based and cloud based GIS applications. * GeoServer &#x2013; Allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Written in Java using GeoTools. * deegree &#x2013; Java framework * [[PyWPS]] &#x2013; implementation of the OGC Web Processing Service standard, using Python * GeoMoose &#x2013; JavaScript Framework for displaying distributed GIS data. * Mapbender &#x2013; Framework to display, overlay, edit and manage distributed Web Map Services using PHP and JavaScript. * MapGuide Open Source &#x2013; Platform for developing and deploying web mapping applications and geospatial web services. Windows-based, native file format. * MapFish &#x2013; Framework for building rich web-mapping applications based on the Pylons Python web framework. * OpenLayers &#x2013; AJAX library (API) for accessing geographic data layers of all kinds. OSGeo runs an annual international conference called [http://foss4g.org FOSS4G] – Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial. Starting as early as 2006, this event has drawn over 1100 attendees (2017 Boston) and the tendency is to increase this number every year. It is the main meeting place and educational outreach opportunity for OSGeo members, supporters and newcomers - to share and learn from one another in presentations, hands-on workshops and a conference exhibition. The FOSS4G ribbon, part of every FOSS4G event logo, symbolizes the flow of ideas, innovation, and sharing within the Open Source geospatial community. The event history dates back to an important face-to-face meeting of the 3 original founders of the event (Venkatesh Raghavan, Markus Neteler, and Jeff McKenna), who met initially in Bangkok Thailand in 2004, and planned to create a new annual event for the whole Open Source geospatial community, with the event named "[[FOSS4G]]"; the event would go on to help change the history of the geospatial industry. bxo68pfu49s6r6qk0mb9thpq1l9zthk Onye naagba ịnyịnya 0 29436 743455 118560 2026-11-05T12:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743455 wikitext text/x-wiki Onye naagba ịnyịnya nzọpụta nke 1995 bụ ndokwa na Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act nke 1995 (P.L. 104-19, Sec. 2001, July 27, 1995) iji gbasaa ahịa osisi nzọpụta site na July 27, 1995, ruo December 31, '''1996''', site na ịnapụta ha na ihe ịma aka ọha na eze nokpuru iwu gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a bụ arụmụka nihi na ọ weghachiri ọtụtụ ahịa osisi na [[Washington (nkeji obodo)|Washington]] na [[Oregon]] nke a kwụsịrị iji chebe [[Habitat|ebe obibi]] nke ụdị dị nihe ize ndụ na nke naeyi egwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dorn|first=Trilby C.E.|title=Logging Without Laws: The 1995 Salvage Logging Rider Radically Changes Policy and the Rule of Law in the Forests|date=1996|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43292013|journal=Tulane Environmental Law Journal|volume=9|issue=2|pages=447–482|issn=1047-6857}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Egan|first=Timothy|date=1995-12-05|title=As Logging Returns, Recrimination on Why (Published 1995)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/05/us/as-logging-returns-recrimination-on-why.html|accessdate=2020-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Emergency Salvage Sale Program: Forest Service Met Its Target, but More Timber Could Have Been Offered for Sale|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-RCED-97-53/html/GAOREPORTS-RCED-97-53.htm|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gore Calls Salvage Logging 'Biggest Mistake' Admission Comes In TV Interview Scheduled To Air Tonight {{!}} The Spokesman-Review|url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/sep/27/gore-calls-salvage-logging-biggest-mistake/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=www.spokesman.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Office|first=U. S. Government Accountability|date=1997-03-07|title=Emergency Salvage Sale Program: Forest Service Met Its Target, but More Timber Could Have Been Offered for Sale|url=https://www.gao.gov/products/RCED-97-53|issue=RCED-97-53}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Timber Salvage Logging Rider: Dead or Alive|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/1996-02-23/timber-salvage-logging-rider-dead-or-alive|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=The World from PRX|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=MEADOWS|first=DONELLA H.|title='SALVAGE RIDER' DESTROYS OUR FORESTS|url=https://greensboro.com/salvage-rider-destroys-our-forests/article_6524c987-cfcb-55ef-b682-30467dea7def.html|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=Greensboro News and Record|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818150041/https://greensboro.com/salvage-rider-destroys-our-forests/article_6524c987-cfcb-55ef-b682-30467dea7def.html|archive-date=2023-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Timber Wars' episode 6: The backlash|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2020/09/23/timber-wars-episode-6-the-backlash/|accessdate=2020-11-15|work=opb}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ihe Omume Maka Ọhịa Dị Mma == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} hzyzqqh932zzk9jd6f2amblkjg3yqxk Osisi West Fraser 0 29480 743461 178055 2026-11-05T13:21:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743461 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:DWC 627645.jpg|thumb|]] [[Usòrò:DWC 627645.jpg|thumb|Osisi West Fraser ]] West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd., nke a maara nke ọma dị ka "'''West Fraser'''", bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọhịa na Canada nke na-emepụta osisi, osisi laminated veneer (LVL), fiberboard nke dị n'etiti (MDF), board oriented strand (OSB), plywood, pulp, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na chips osisi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/west-fraser-announces-2019-annual-and-fourth-quarter-results-852238839.html|title=West Fraser Announces 2019 Annual and Fourth Quarter Results|author=Ltd|first=West Fraser Timber Co|work=www.newswire.ca|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203053213/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/west-fraser-announces-2019-annual-and-fourth-quarter-results-852238839.html|archive-date=2023-02-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dabere na Vancouver, British Columbia,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fpac.ca/about-forest-products/companies/|title=Our Members|work=FPAC {{!}} The Forest Products Association of Canada|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-10}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, a matala West Fraser ugboro asatọ dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọrụ 100 kachasị elu na Canada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.home.crs/toolbox/detail/west-frasers-lumber-legacy|title=West Fraser's Lumber Legacy|work=home.crs|accessdate=July 14, 2023|archivedate=February 3, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203053215/https://www.home.crs/toolbox/detail/west-frasers-lumber-legacy}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == West Fraser Timber tọrọ ntọala na 1955 site n'aka ụmụnne atọ si Seattle: Samuel Kendall Ketcham, Henry Holman ("Pete") Ketcham Jr., na William Peters Ketcham.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-announcing-the-2009-bu/128096729/|title=Announcing the 2009 Business Laureates of British Columbia Hall of Fame Inductees|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|page=H2c|date=January 10, 2009|accessdate=July 12, 2023}}</ref> Nna ha bụ Hank Ketcham, onye gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka Yale Bulldogs ma tinye ya na College Football Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/quesnel-cariboo-observer-the-anchor-of-s/128097339/|title=The anchor of S.S. West Fraser|work=Quesnel Cariboo Observer|page=Sup. 13|date=December 17, 1995|accessdate=July 12, 2023}}</ref> Ụmụnne atọ ahụ kpebiri ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ wee zụta obere ihe igwe ihe na Quesnel, British Columbia. Samual Ketcham jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Nọvemba 1977 n'ihe mberede helikopta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-journal-helicopter-wreckage-f/128190238/|title=Helicopter wreckage found|work=[[Ottawa Journal]]|page=9|date=November 12, 1977|accessdate=July 14, 2023}}</ref> Douglas Johnston nọchiri ya, mgbe e mesịrị Chester Johnson.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-timber-chief/128190359/|title=New timber chief|work=[[The Province]]|page=16|date=January 14, 1978|accessdate=July 14, 2023}}</ref> Henry H. Ketcham, nwa "Pete" Ketcham, ghọrọ onye isi ala n'afọ 1985.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-west-fraser-going-public-w/128119780/|title=West Fraser going public while lumber price is right|work=[[National Post]]|page=25|first=Jim|author=Lyon|date=April 5, 1986|accessdate=July 12, 2023}}</ref> Ọ duziri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na mbubata ọha na eze na Mee 1986.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-ownership-changes-for-bc/128191372/|title=Initial public offering|first=Jim|author=Lyon|work=[[National Post]]|page=27|date=May 17, 1986|accessdate=July 14, 2023}}</ref> Ketcham mechara bụrụ onye isi oche ma lekọta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo n'afọ 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/henry-ketcham/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064417/http://www.forbes.com/profile/henry-ketcham/|archivedate=April 21, 2014|title=Henry Ketcham|work=Forbes|date=2012-04-18|accessdate=2014-05-19}}</ref> Ted Seraphim mechara bụrụ onye isi ala na onye isi oche, ruo mgbe Raymond Ferris nọchiri ya dị ka onye isi ala n'ọnwa Eprel 2018 na onye isi ala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/quesnel-cariboo-observer-west-fraser-not/128190719/|title=West Fraser notes improvements|first=Autumn|author=MacDonald|work=Quesnel Cariboo Observer|page=A2|date=February 20, 2013|accessdate=July 14, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westfraser.com/company/leadership/executive|title=Executive: Raymond Ferris|work=westfraser.com|accessdate=July 14, 2023}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, "West Fraser aghọwo onye na-emepụta osisi kachasị ukwuu na North America na ndị ọrụ 8,600 n'ụwa niile - ihe dị ka 5,000 na Western Canada - n'ihe dị ka ebe 50. "<ref name=":0"/> N'ọnwa Eprel 2020, a kpughere na onye ọchụnta ego Canada bụ Jim Pattison emeela ka òkè ya na West Fraser ruo 13.8%, na-akpali ịkọ nkọ na onye ọgaranya ahụ nwere atụmatụ ijikọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Canfor, nke o nwere 51%. Na nzaghachi, West Fraser nabatara atụmatụ ikike ndị nwere òkè ma ọ bụ "mkpụrụ ọgwụ nsị" iji chebe onwe ya megide mgbalị ọ bụla na nnweta.<ref name="pattison">{{Cite news|author=Jang|first=Brent|title=Jim Pattison boosts stake in West Fraser Timber prompting shareholder rights plan|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-jim-pattison-boosts-stake-in-west-fraser-timber-prompting-shareholder/|accessdate=4 October 2020|publisher=The Canadian Press|date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="pattison2">{{Cite news|author=Bell|first=Andrew|title=West Fraser Timber poison pill stirs speculation about Pattison's role|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/west-fraser-timber-poison-pill-stirs-speculation-about-pattison-s-role-1.1420925|accessdate=4 October 2020|publisher=BNN Bloomberg|date=13 April 2020}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website {{Authority control}} gqzqwuff1gkemiq2ktm1j76rzgsep2o Reid Newfoundland Company 0 29579 743491 119069 2026-11-05T18:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743491 wikitext text/x-wiki     [[Usòrò:Reid NFLD Company logo.png|thumb|Reid Newfoundland Company Logo.png]] [[Usòrò:Map showing Reid Newfoundland Company's. Railway and Steamship lines - btv1b8459922x.jpg|thumb|Map showing Reid Newfoundland Company's. Railway and Steamship lines - btv1b8459922x.jpg]] Reid Newfoundland Company Type Private Industry Rail transport Market pulp Wood products Shipping, transportation Founded St. John's, Newfoundland (1901) Founder Sir Robert Gillespie Reid Headquarters St. John's, Newfoundland Key people Sir Robert Gillespie Reid Revenue Not reported E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ '''Reid Newfoundland''' na Septemba 1901 ma bụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ na Newfoundland Railway gafee agwaetiti ahụ site na 1901 ruo 1923. Ruo oge ụfọdụ ọ bụ onye nwe ala kachasị ukwuu na Dominion nke Newfoundland, taa mpaghara Canada nke oge a nke Newfoundlands na Labrador. Ọ bụ Sir Robert Gillespie Reid nke Scotland guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, onye ọchụnta ego nwere mmasị na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ pulp na akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụkwa onye nwe na onye na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke a maara dị ka Alphabet Fleet, akara telegraph na ọrụ eletrik na St. John.<ref name="ENL">[[Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador]], Volume four, page 564</ref> == Mmalite == Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere na 1890 mgbe Gọọmentị Newfoundland n'okpuru William Whiteway chọrọ iwu ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè site na Whitbourne ruo Halls Bay na $ 15,600 kwa mile ($ 9,700 / km).<ref name="ENL">[[Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador]], Volume four, page 564</ref> Ma Reid ma George H. Middleton nwere nkwekọrịta iwu ya mana Middleton wepụrụ ya na 1892. Iji hụ na a ga-arụcha ụzọ ahụ na Port aux Basques, Reid na Gọọmentị Newfoundland kwurịtara iji rụọ ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ ruo afọ 10. Dị ka ọnọdụ nke ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, a ga-akwụ ya ụgwọ site na 5,000 acres (2,023 hectare) nke Crown Land 1 kwa mile (0.62/km) na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="ENL" /> Ọ bụ ezie na ala ọhịa bara uru karịa Reid, ọ bụrụ na mpaghara dị n'akụkụ akara ahụ bụ ala kpọrọ nkụ ma ọ bụ ala mara mma, a hapụrụ ya ịhọrọ ala ọzọ ọ họọrọ. N'afọ 1896, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ guzobere St. John's Street Railway Company ma nye ikike iwu Petty Harbour Hydro Plant iji nye ya ike.<ref name="ENL-STRC">[[Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador]], Volume five, page 317</ref> N'afọ 1896, ọ kwurịtara nkwekọrịta ọzọ, [[Railway Contract of 1896|nkwekọrịta ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke 1896]], iji wuo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè site na Whitbourne ruo Harbour Grace nke nyere ya ikike nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ niile (gụnyere akara na Harbour Grace) maka afọ 50 na ọzọ 5,000 acres (2,023 hectare) nke ala maka 1 kwa mile (0.62/km) wuru. Ngụkọta nke ala ya bụ ihe karịrị 6,500 square miles (17,000 km2) nke ala ọhịa. Nkwekọrịta ahụ nyekwara Reid ohere ịzụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri St. John n'aka gọọmentị maka $ 325,000.<ref name="ENL">[[Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador]], Volume four, page 564</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ụgbọ Mmiri Alphabet * Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Newfoundland * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Ụgbọ Mmiri * Njem n'elu ala == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090805070437/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/railway.html Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Newfoundland - Newfoundland & Labrador Heritage] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091025144511/http://geocities.com/hrings_52/News_1.html Ụgbọ mmiri na NL - Lab. Ọrụ Ụgbọ Mmiri] {{Authority control}} fdjmnyjvsacxo2w1af1bkfbnxt3h04x REScoop.eu 0 29786 743484 734961 2026-11-05T16:57:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743484 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |REScoop.eu | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:REScoopeu_logo.png|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founded | class="infobox-data note" |2011<span class="noprint">&#x3B;&#x20;12&nbsp;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2011</span>)</span> <br /><br /><br /><br />[[Antwerp]], [[Flanders]], Belgium |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founder | class="infobox-data" |Dirk Vansintjan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Type | class="infobox-data" |[[non-governmental organization]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Purpose | class="infobox-data" |[[energy democracy]], [[renewable energy]], and [[cooperatives]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Headquarters | class="infobox-data" |Antwerp, Belgium |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div> | class="infobox-data" |Europe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Board of directors]], elected by the [[Annual General Meeting]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |[https://www.rescoop.eu/ www.rescoop.eu] |} REScoop.eu bụ European federation of renewable energy cooperatives, nke e guzobere na 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rescoop.eu|url=http://www.managenergy.net/actors/4889|work=European Commission Directorate-General for Energy: ManagEnergy Initiative|accessdate=29 January 2012}}</ref> {{As of|April 2016}} it has 20 member organisations (either individual REScoops or regional REScoop federations) in 11 European Member States, representing 1,240 individual REScoops and their 300,000 citizens.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160609203142/https://rescoop.eu/renewable-energy-citizen-initiatives/leading REScoop members</ref> Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Belgian Ecopower na-ahụ maka nlekọta ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foundation of REScoop.eu|url=http://www.ecopower.be/index.php/rescoopeu|work=Ecopower|accessdate=29 January 2012|date=17 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121074527/http://www.ecopower.be/index.php/rescoopeu|archive-date=21 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Disemba 24, 2013, European federation of groups and cooperatives of citizens for renewable energy (REScoop.EU) guzobere n'ụzọ iwu n'okpuru iwu mba Belgium na oke Europe. Omume iwu a bụ isi okwu iji kwalite ọrụ nke European federation ma bụrụ ntọala iji wuo njikọ aka siri ike nke European renewable energy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rescoop.eu/european-federation|title=European federation {{!}} REScoop.eu|work=rescoop.eu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315001738/http://www.rescoop.eu/european-federation|archivedate=2014-03-15}} </ref> REScoop bụ oge dị mkpirikpi maka Renewable Energy Source Cooperative.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Renewable energy source cooperatives|work=University of Liege, Centre for Social Economy|year=2010|url=http://www.ces.ulg.ac.be/en_GB/research-2/social-entrepreneurship/cooperatives|accessdate=29 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130144518/http://www.ces.ulg.ac.be/en_GB/research-2/social-entrepreneurship/cooperatives|archive-date=30 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ na mkpọsa == REScoop.eu na-akwado maka usoro ike dị iche iche, nke a na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ, nke dị irè, nke dị ọcha na nke [[Ike na-adịgide adịgide|na-adịgide adịgide]] na ụmụ amaala na isi ya, na-ezo aka na mgbanwe ike dị ka "mgbanwe ike na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya". == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website arc48mos9c92bxymjkczgchuqhh8jvl Saliu Adetunji 0 31186 743515 142931 2026-11-05T22:05:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox royalty|name=[[Oba (ruler)|Oba]] Saliu Adetunji|image=|caption=|succession=[[Olubadan|Olubadan of Ibadan]]|moretext=|reign={{nowrap|4 March 2016 – 2 January 2022}}|coronation=4 March 2016|predecessor=[[Samuel Odulana Odungade I]]|pre-type=[[Olubadan#List|Predecessor]]|successor=[[Lekan Balogun (monarch)|Lekan Balogun]]|spouses=|issue=|house=Balogun|father=|mother=|birth_date={{birth date|1928|08|26|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Ibadan]], Southern Region, [[British Nigeria]] (now in [[Oyo State]], Nigeria)|death_date={{death date and age|2022|01|02|1928|08|26|df=y}}|death_place=Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria|burial_date=|burial_place=|signature=|religion=|occupation=Businessman}} '''Saliu Akanmu Adetunji''' (Listeni; 26 August 1928 - 2 January 2022) bụ onye eze Naijiria bụ onye Olubadan nke 41 nke Ibadan site na okpueze ya na 2016 ruo ọnwụ ya na 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punchng.com/breaking-olubadan-of-ibadan-oba-adetunji-dies-at-93/%3famp|title=Adetunji crowned as 41st Olubadan of Ibadanland|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]|date=4 March 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/adetunjis-coronation-as-olubadan-holds-on-friday-kingmakers/|title=Adetunji's coronation as Olubadan holds on Friday - Kingmakers|work=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]|author=Atoyebi|first=Olufemi|date=2 March 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Ndụ == A mụrụ Saliu dị ka nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ iri na asaa nke Raji Olayiwola na Suwebat Amope Adetunji na 26 Ọgọst 1928 na [[Ibadan]], Oyo Steeti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-02|title=OBITUARY: Saliu Adetunji, the quintessential grass to grace monarch who became king of West Africa’s largest city, Ibadan|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/503696-obituary-saliu-adetunji-the-quintessential-grass-to-grace-monarch-who-became-king-of-west-africas-largest-city-ibadan.html|accessdate=2022-03-08|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ tolitere na-amụta ọrụ aka ruo mgbe ọ malitere imepụta ejiji dị ka ụzọ isi bie ndụ mgbe ọ kwagara Lagos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/adetunji-becomes-the-41st-olubadan-of-ibadanland/|title=Adetunji becomes the 41st Olubadan of Ibadanland|work=[[The Punch|The Punch Newspaper]]|author=Atoyebi|first=Olufemi|date=4 March 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ejiji, Saliu banyere n'ahịa egwu ruo n'afọ 1960 mgbe o guzobere nke mbụ n'ime akara ndekọ atọ a na-akpọ Baba Laje Records nke nwere egwu fuji ama ama gụnyere Dauda Epo-Akara, Wasiu Ayinde Marshall na KS1_Malaika.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://m.guardian.ng/news/tailor-who-would-be-next-olubadan/|title=Tailor who would be next Olubadan|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Newspaper]]|date=21 January 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Tupu e chie ya eze dị ka Olubadan nke Ibadan, Saliu Adetunji bụ Balogun nke ala Ibadan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thebreakingtimes.com/ibadan-chiefs-support-chief-saliu-adetunji-as-next-olubadan/|title=Ibadan Chiefs Support Chief Saliu Adetunji As Next Olubadan|work=The Breaking Times|date=22 January 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307193331/http://www.thebreakingtimes.com/ibadan-chiefs-support-chief-saliu-adetunji-as-next-olubadan/|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na Ibadan na 2 Jenụwarị 2022, mgbe ọ dị afọ 93.<ref>[https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1450080-93-year-olubadan-ibadan-oba-adetunji-passes-on/ Oyo thrown into mourning as Olubadan of Ibadan, Oba Adetunji, dies at 93]</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}    8tkwgkyvfhyas8duxp3l01jjswipqfb Usoro nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi 0 32321 743578 698755 2026-11-06T08:45:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Usoro nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi''' ('''EMS''') bụ "usoro nke na-ejikọta iwu, usoro na usoro maka ọzụzụ nke ndị ọrụ, nlekota, nchịkọta, na ịkọ akụkọ nke ozi arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche nye ndị ọrụ dị n'ime na ndị dị n'èzí nke ụlọ ọrụ".<ref name="ReferenceA">Sroufe, Robert. "Effects of Environmental Management Systems on Environmental Management Practices and Operations." Production and Operations Management. 12-3 (2003): 416–431.</ref> Ụkpụrụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke EMS dabeere na ya bụ International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001. <ref name="ReferenceB">Melnyk, Steven A., Robert P. Sroufe, and Roger Calantone. "Assessing the Impact of Environmental Management Systems on Corporate and Environmental Performance."</ref>Nhọrọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere EMAS. == Ihe mgbaru ọsọ == Ebumnuche nke EMS bụ ịbawanye nrubeisi na ibelata ihe mkpofu:<ref>Sayre, D., 1996. Inside ISO 14001: the competitive advantage of environmental management. St. Lucie Press, Delray,Beach, FL.</ref> * Nkwado bụ omume nke iru na idebe ụkpụrụ iwu dị ala. Site n'ịghara ịgbaso iwu, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịnata ụtụ, itinye aka gọọmentị ma ọ bụ nwee ike ghara ịrụ ọrụ. * Mbelata ihe mkpofu na-agafe n'ịgbaso iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. EMS na-enyere aka ịzụlite, itinye n'ọrụ, jikwaa, hazie ma nyochaa Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi. Mbelata ihe mkpofu na-amalite n'oge imepụta site na mgbochi mmetọ na ibelata ihe mkpuchi. Enwere ike igbochi ihe mkpofu site na 'belata, iji ya eme ihe ọzọ & imegharị ya'<ref>{{Cite web|author=US EPA|first=OLEM|date=2013-04-16|title=Reduce, Reuse, Recycle|url=https://www.epa.gov/recycle|accessdate=2023-03-03|work=www.epa.gov|language=en}}</ref> * [[Reduce resource usage|Mbelata ojiji nke ihe onwunwe]] site na ibelata ịdabere na gas ụlọ Green ma họrọ nhọrọ ndị ọzọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị ka anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ike ifufe. * [[Reduce pollution|Mbelata mmetọ]] site n'ibelata ojiji nke mmanụ ala ma hụ na a na-edozi ihe mkpofu tupu a tụfuo ya ma ọ bụ mee ka o doo anya na ọ dịghị ihe na-emerụ ọha mmadụ ahụ kpọmkwem. == Ihe ndị e ji mara ya == Usoro nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi (EMS):<ref name="ReferenceB">Melnyk, Steven A., Robert P. Sroufe, and Roger Calantone. "Assessing the Impact of Environmental Management Systems on Corporate and Environmental Performance."</ref> * Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ngwá ọrụ, ma ọ bụ usoro, iji melite arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ozi karịsịa "mepụta, njikwa mmetọ na mbelata mkpofu, ọzụzụ, ịkọ akụkọ nye ndị isi njikwa, na ịtọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ". * Na-enye ụzọ a haziri ahazi iji jikwaa ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi nke nzukọ * Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro nchịkwa zuru oke nke nzukọ ahụ nke na-ekwu maka mmetụta ozugbo na nke ogologo oge nke ngwaahịa ya, ọrụ na usoro ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. EMS na-enyere aka na atụmatụ, ịchịkwa na nlekota iwu na nzukọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emisoft.com/environmental-compliance-corporate-performance-can-you-have-it-all/|title=Environmental Regulatory Compliance & Corporate performance - Can You Have It All?|date=26 October 2016|work=www.emisoft.com|publisher=Emisoft|accessdate=22 October 2023|archivedate=10 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510080641/https://www.emisoft.com/environmental-compliance-corporate-performance-can-you-have-it-all/}}</ref> * Ọ na-enye iwu na nkwekọrịta maka òtù iji dozie nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi site na ịkekọrịta ihe onwunwe, ịnye ọrụ na nyocha na-aga n'ihu nke omume, usoro na usoro * Na-emepụta ịzụta gburugburu ebe obibi site na njikwa na ndị ọrụ ma na-enye ọrụ na ibu ọrụ. * Ọ na-etinye usoro maka ọzụzụ iji nweta ebumnuche na arụmọrụ achọrọ. * Ọ na-enyere aka ịghọta ihe iwu chọrọ iji chọpụta mmetụta ma ọ bụ ọrụ, mkpa, ihe ndị dị mkpa na ebumnuche. * Ọ na-elekwasị anya na mmelite na-aga n'ihu nke usoro ahụ na ụzọ isi tinye ụkpụrụ na ebumnuche iji mezuo nsonaazụ achọrọ. Nke a na-enyekwa aka na nyocha na nyocha nke EMS iji chọta ohere n'ọdịnihu. * Ọ na-agba ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta na ndị na-eweta ihe ume ka ha guzobe EMS nke ha. * Na-eme ka e-reporting dị mfe na gọọmentị etiti, steeti na mpaghara site na bulite ozugbo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://info.era-environmental.com/news/bid/70641/era-environmental-introduces-direct-upload-to-tceq-s-steers|title=ERA Environmental Introduces Direct Upload to TCEQ's STEERS|author=Mali|first=Ria|accessdate=2017-05-04|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe nlereanya EMS == [[Usòrò:PDCA_Cycle.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Okirikiri PDCA<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.bulsuk.com/2009/02/taking-first-step-with-pdca.html|title=Taking the First Step with PDCA|date=2 February 2009|accessdate=17 March 2011}}</ref>]] EMS na-agbaso Plan-Do-Check-Act, ma ọ bụ PDCA, Cycle. Ihe osise ahụ na-egosi usoro nke mbụ ịmepụta iwu gburugburu ebe obibi, ịhazi EMS, wee tinye ya n'ọrụ. Usoro ahụ gụnyekwara ịlele usoro ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ na ya. Ihe nlereanya ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'ihi na EMS bụ usoro nke mmelite na-agagide na-aga nke ọma nke otu nzukọ na-enyocha ma na-enyochakwagharị usoro ahụ mgbe niile.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kontinuierliche Verbesserung im Umweltmanagement : die KVP-Forderung der ISO 14001 in Theorie und Unternehmenspraxis|author=René|first=Gastl|date=2005|publisher=Vdf, Hochsch.-Verl. an der ETH|isbn=9783728130341|location=Zürich|oclc=181467595}}</ref> Nke a bụ ihe nlereanya nke ọtụtụ òtù nwere ike iji mee ihe - site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ruo ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. == Ikike ikike == Enwere ike ikikere usoro nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi n'okpuru ISO 14001. == Ihe ndị ọzọ ọ pụtara == A pụkwara ịhazi EMS dị ka: * usoro nke na-enyocha, na-agbaso ma na-akọ akụkọ ihe ọmụma, ọkachasị gbasara ụlọ ọrụ gas class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="55" href="./Oil_industry" id="mwSQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oil industry">mmanụ na gas. EMSs na-aghọ nke dabeere na weebụ na nzaghachi nye iwu mgbasa ozi nke [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States|EPA]] (GHG), nke na-enye ohere ịkọ akụkọ GHG gas gas site na ịntanetị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hansmiddendorp.nl/category/stedelijke-ontwikkeling/|title=Stedelijke ontwikkeling Archives - Hans Middendorp Advies|work=Hans Middendorp Advies|language=nl-NL|accessdate=2018-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523173316/https://hansmiddendorp.nl/category/stedelijke-ontwikkeling/|archive-date=2018-05-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> * netwọk nke ngwaọrụ na-achịkwa ma na-arụkarị ọrụ n'onwe ya (nke na-ejikarị wireless eme ihe ugbu a site na iji teknụzụ z-wave na zigbee) nke a na-eji achịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ. Usoro dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka interface n'etiti onye ọrụ njedebe na ike (gas / ọkụ eletrik). == Hụkwa == * Usoro Nchịkwa na Audit * Nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi * Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi * ISO 14000 * Nnyocha nke ndụ == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ == * Boiral, O 2007, 'Corporate Greening Through IS0 14001: A Rational Myth?', Organisation Science, mpịakọta. 18, Nke 1, peeji nke 127-146.&nbsp; * {{Cite web|author=Burden, L.|year=2010|title=How to up the EMS ante|url=http://www.environmentalmanagementsystem.com.au/iso-14001-environmental-management-systems.html}} * Clements, R.B 1996, Ntuziaka zuru oke na ISO 14000, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Inweta site na njikwa ahịhịa ndụ: Usoro njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime na n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. California Management Review, 43 (3), 64-85. * {{Cite web|author=Gastl, R|year=2009|title=CIP in Environmental Management|quote=English management summary of: Gastl, R 2009, Kontinuierliche Verbesserung im Umweltmanagement - die KVP-Forderung der ISO 14001 in Theorie und Unternehmenspraxis, 2nd Edition, vdf, Zurich-Switzerland|url=http://www.envirocip.com/downloadables/summary-of-basic-cip-concept.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212193340/http://www.envirocip.com/downloadables/summary-of-basic-cip-concept.html|archivedate=12 February 2011}} * {{Cite journal|author=Melnyk, Steven A.|title=Assessing the Impact of Environmental Management Systems on Corporate and Environmental Performance|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-operations-management_2003-05_21_3/page/329|journal=Journal of Operations Management|volume=21|issue=3|year=2003|pages=329–51|doi=10.1016/S0272-6963(02)00109-2}} * Robert bụ onye isi awọ. "Mmetụta nke Usoro Nchịkwa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Omume Nchịkwa Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu ebe obibi". Mmepụta na Nchịkwa Ọrụ. 12-3 (2003): 416–431. == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_14000_essentials Ihe dị mkpa nke ISO 14000] [[Òtù:Wiki activate SDG]] 27dx1d9s7ef2d44aahc62py39t7fjb7 Pierre Bayle 0 32522 743474 706975 2026-11-05T16:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters|influencesPierre Bayle]] [[Category:Pages using infobox philosopher with unknown parameters|influencedPierre Bayle]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Pierre Bayle ( <French: [ Bel ]/link> ; 18 Nọvemba 1647 - 28 December 1706) [1] bụ onye ọkà ihe enyemaka [[France]], onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu .  A mara ya nke ọma maka Historical and Critical Dictionary, nke akara ya pụtara na 1697. [1] Ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ụka ndị ọzọ na-arụrịta ụka n'akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ndị zoro ezo n'ime ihe odide ala ala peeji, ma  ọ bụ na-etinye ha n'ime isiokwu na isiokwu ndị yiri ka egwu mgbagha.  A na-ele Bayle anya dị ka onye bu ụzọ na Encyclopedistes nke etiti tupu afọ nke 18. Onye Huguenot, Bayle gbagara Dutch Republic na 1681 n'ihi mkpagbu na France.  Bayle bụ onye ama na-akwado nkwadorechi, na nkà ihe ngosi ya na-enyo nwere ike dị ukwuu na uto na nke European Age of Enlightenment .  Theodicy nke Leibniz hiwere na nzaghachi Bayle. == Akụkọ ndụ == A match Bayle na Carla-le-Comte [1] (emesịa de ụkpụrụ aha ya Carla-Bayle na nọmba ya), na nso Pamiers, Ariège, France.  Nna ya, onye ozi Calvin, akwụkwọ ya akwụkwọ, na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọrụ na Puylaurens .  Na 1669, ọ mụta na mahadum Jesuit na Toulouse wee egwuregwu Roman 1 ụnwanyi ka e ịhụnanya.  Mgbe ịnwa ụnwa na asaafụ, ọ la nwude Calvinism wee gbaga Geneva, ebe ọ mmụta nkuzi nke René Descartes .  Ọ la arọ France wee gaa Paris, bụ́ ebe ọ bụ ọrụ ruo afọ ụfọdụ n'okpuru aha Bèle dị ka onye akwụkwọ maka dị iche iche.  Na 1675, a ịbụ oche nke nkà ihe mmụta na Protestant Academy nke Sedan .  [1] Na 1681, ngalaba mahadum dị na Sedan n'ime ihe mgbochire ndị Protestant. Tupu ihe omume ahụ, Bayle agbagala Dutch Republic, ebe ọ bụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ị maara a prọfesọ nke nkà ihe na ihe mere eme na École Illustre na Rotterdam .  [1] Ọ pụri ọtụtụ afọ mana ọ dabara na ogologo dị n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ nke butere na a napụrụ Bayle oche ya na 1693. Bayle ruo eru na Rotterdam mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 28 December 1706. [1] E liri ya na Rotterdam na "ụka Walloon", ebe a ga-elikwa Pierre Jurieu afɔ asaa ka e bon.  Mgbe e bibisịrị ụka a na 1922, e bufere ili ndị ahụ na Crooswijk General Cemetery na Rotterdam.  Nkume WhatsApp na-egosi na Pierre Bayle nọ n'ili ndị a. [[Usòrò:Gedenksteen_Waalse_graven_Crooswijk.jpg|thumb| Nkume ncheta maka ili Walloon na General Cemetery na Crooswijk. N'ime ha, Pierre Bayle.]] == Edemede == Na Rotterdam, Bayle na Reflections on the Comet [ fr ] na 1682, yana nkatọ ya maka ọrụ Louis Maimbourg na ihe mere eme nke Calvin.  Aha aha aa site na nkatọ a kpalitere anyaụfụ nke Pierre Jurieu, onye ọrụ Calvin nke Bayle nke Sedan na Rotterdam, bụ ndị dere akwụkwọ n'otu isiokwu ahụ. N'agbata 1684 na 1687, Bayle kaadị ya Nouvelles de la république des lettres, akwụkwọ nkatọ edemede .  Na 1686, Bayle ngosipụta akara mbụ nke mbụ nke nkà ihe ngosi, mbụ maka nke n'okwu mkpa.  Nke a sochiri atọ na anọ na 1687 na 1688. <ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern World|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw0000palm_l5v4|author=Palmer|first=R.R.|authorlink=Robert Roswell Palmer|year=1995|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-040826-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw0000palm_l5v4/page/301 301]–302}}</ref>N'afọ 1690, e nwere ọrụ a na-akpọ Avis important aux refugiés, nke Jurieu kwuru na Bayle, bụ onye ọ na-ebuso ibu iro ogụ.  Mgbe ọ tụfuru oche ya, Bayle na-anya na ike nke nnukwu Dictionnaire Historique et Critique ( Historical and Critical Dictionary ), bụ nke mebere nke ọma otu n'ime akwụkwọ nkà ihe mbụ (tupu okwu ahụ abanyela n'ọtụtụ ebe) echiche na  ndị akụkọ ha.  N'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, Bayle kwuputara echiche ya na ọtụtụ ihe a na-ewere dị ka "ezi echiche" bụ n'ezie echiche, na ịgha na isi ike juru ebe niile.  Akwụkwọ ɔkɔwa okwu ahụ ga-abụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke ọka ma ma ma ama ọbipụ ya Voltaire, na ụfọdụ ya Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne, na-akpọ Bayle " le plus grand dialecticien qui ait jamais écrit ": onye na-asụ dialectician kacha dee. mbụ mbụ e mere nke ọma iji mee ka akwụkwọ na-ewu ewu, ma ọ gara nke ọma nke ukwuu.  Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Historical na Critical nke nwere ọtụtụ olu mebere ọnụ nka Bayle.  N Bekee nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, nke onye Huguenot ibe Bayle bụ onye a chụpụrụ n'agha bụ Pierre des Maizeaux, bụ onye Onye isi ala America Thomas Jefferson ngwa na ọ so na otu ederede ntọala iji ntọala mbụ nke Ọbá akwụkwọ Congress . Bayle kwalitere nkwado makalow na Dictionnaire historique et critique na Commentaire Philosophique .  Bayle akwụkwọ iji [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ]] mee ka mmanye na ime ihe ike kwenye: "Mmadụ ga-edegharị ihe mmụta nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Agba Ọhụrụ dum iji nakọta ihe mmụta niile ahụ ọ na-enye anyị maka enyemaka na ogologo ntachi obi, nke mebere.  Ibu na ike dị nke mkpa Oziọma ahụ."  Ɔ leghị nha dị ka ihe ize ndụ nye steeti;  na ntụle:<blockquote>"Ọ bụrụ na ọtụtụ okpukpe na-akparị mba ahụ, ọ na-esite na ha adịghị emetụta ibe ha kama n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, na-agbalịsi ike nke ọ bụla na-etipịa ma bibie ibe ya site na ụzọ mkpagbu. chọrọ ya." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/thepastinthepresent/historymatters/goldenrule.html|first=Joseph|author=LoConte|title=The Golden Rule of Toleration|publisher=Christianity Today|date=May 2009|accessdate=2017-01-21}}</ref></blockquote>:Richard Popkin echichela echiche na Pierre Bayle bụ onye nwere obi abụọ bụ onye ji akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Historical na Critical na-akatọ echiche na nkà ihe ndị niile amaburu.  N'uche Bayle, ụmụ mmadụ akara ike imezu ezi ihe.  N'ihi adịghị ike nke uche mmadụ, ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịrapara n'ahụ nanị akọnuche ha.  Bayle na-akatọ ọtụtụ ndị na-enwe ike uche, dị ka René Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, Baruch Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche na Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, nakwa dị ka empiricists dị ka John Locke na Isaac Newton .  [1] Popkin na-ehota akara a na-esonụ dị ka ihe atụ nke echiche obi abụọ nke Bayle<blockquote>Ọ [n'ihi na] bụ ndu nke na-eduhie mmadụ; e nwekwara ike iji nkà ihe ọmụma tụnyere ntụ ntụ ụfọdụ na-emebi emebi nke na, mgbe ha richara anụ ahụ merụrụ ahụ nke ọnya, ha erichapụ anụ ahụ dị ndụ, ire ọkpụkpụ, banye n’ime ụmị. Nkà ihe ọmụma na mbụ na-agbagha mmejọ. Ma ọ bụrụ na akwụsịghị ya n'oge a, ọ na-aga n'ihu na-awakpo eziokwu. Ọ bụrụkwa na a hapụ ya n’onwe ya, ọ na-aga n’ebe dị anya nke na ọ naghịzi ama ebe ọ nọ, o nweghịkwa ebe ọ ga-akwụsị. <ref name="popkin288">{{Cite book|title=The History of Skepticism|author=Popkin|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Popkin|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-510767-8}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Bayle|first=Pierre|date=1820|origdate=1697|chapter=Acosta|title=Dictionnaire historique et critique|language=French|chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/dictionnairehist01bayl/page/190/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater|location=Paris|publisher=Desoer}}</ref></blockquote> * N'afọ 1906, e wuru ihe oyiyi na nsọpụrụ ya na Pamiers, ''la reparation d'un long oubli'' ("nkwụghachi nke ogologo nleghara anya"). * N'afọ 1959, a kpọrọ aha ya na Rotterdam otu okporo ámá. * Na 2012 oche (Site na Paul Cox) na ụtụ Bayle, iji tụgharịa uche na mgbanwe nkà ihe ọmụma (echiche) n'etiti Bayle na Erasmus. (echiche nke echiche: JW van den Blink) * ''Pensées Diverses sur l'Occasion de la Comète'', (1682) sụgharịa dị ka ''iche iche echiche na oge nke a Comet'' (2000) site Robert C. Bartlett, SUNY Press. * ''Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Historique et Critique'' (1695–1697; 1702, gbasaa; nke kacha mma nke P. des Maizeaux, 4 vols., 1740) * ''Œuvres dị iche iche'', 5 vols. , The Hague, 1727–31; Mbipụta anastatic: Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1964–68. * Nhọrọ n'asụsụ Bekee: Pierre Bayle (Richard H. Popkin ntụgharị), ''Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Historical na Critical - Nhọrọ'', Indianapolis: Hackett, 1991. . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} *  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bayle, Pierre". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 557. * Sally Jenkinson, (dir.), ''Bayle: Edemede ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị'', Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. * Sally Jenkinson, Ntụgharị uche na Pierre Bayle na Elizabeth Labrousse, na nkatọ Huguenot nke anabataghị ndidi, Proc. Huguenot Soc. , 27: 325–334, 2000 . * Elisabeth Labrousse, ''Pierre Bayle'', La Haye: Martinus Nijhoff, 1963–4 (Mpịakọta 2). (in French) * Elisabeth Labrousse, ''Bayle'', nke Denys Potts sụgharịrị, Oxford: Mahadum Oxford University Press, 1983. * Thomas M. Lennon, ''Ọgụgụ Bayle'', Toronto: Mahadum Toronto Press, 1999. * Todd Ryan, ''Pierre Bayle's Cartesian Metaphysics: Ịchọgharị nkà ihe ọmụma oge ochie'', New York: Routledge, 2009. * Works by or about Pierre Bayle at Internet Archive * Works by Pierre Bayle at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) * See ''Dictionnaire Historique et Critique'' for links to digital facsimiles of that work * [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc02/htm/iv.iv.xxxii.htm#iv.iv.xxxii The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge] * [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/leibniz.html Contains the exchanges between Bayle and Leibniz, slightly modified for easier reading] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190716192912/http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections/?catalogue=pierre-bayle The Correspondence of Pierre Bayle] in [http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/home EMLO] tcz9y40winmb8bkv89b6p6o042u3e21 Robert Gant 0 32687 743502 728334 2026-11-05T19:47:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Gant''' (onye amụrụ '''Robert John Gonzalez'''; July 13, 1968) bụ onye America na-eme ihe nkiri. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya dị ka Ben Bruckner na usoro Showtime Queer as Folk .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2002/07/23/robert-gant-works-it-out|title=Robert Gant works it out|date=2002-07-23|work=www.advocate.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-06}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, Gant malitere ime ihe nkiri na mgbasa ozi telivishọn na [[Flórídạ|Florida]] wee bụrụ onye otu Screen Actors Guild mgbe ọ dị afọ zomi na otu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0903/0903pro04.html|title=Gazette {{!}} Alumni: Profiles (Sept{{!}}Oct 03)|work=www.upenn.edu|accessdate=2020-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808130049/https://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0903/0903pro04.html|archive-date=2022-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gant gụrụ egwu tap na jazz na American Musical Theatre Company na Tampa, Florida. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị nro na MacDill Air Force Base na onye na-eme ihe ọchị Bob Hope dị ka akụkụ nke njem USO nke Hope. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/341531380/|title=10 Nov 2000, 78 - The Tampa Tribune at Newspapers.com|work=Newspapers.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-12}}</ref>Ọ gara George D. Chamberlain High School ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1986.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Chamberlain High School Totem Yearbook|year=1986|location=Tampa, Florida|pages=103}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], Gant gụrụ akwụkwọ Bekee na Shakespeare na abụ. <ref name=":0"/>Ọ gara Georgetown University Law Center, ebe ọ nwetara Juris Doctor na 1993. Gant bụkwa onye otu Georgetown Gilbert &amp;amp; Sullivan Society, na-eme ihe n'ọtụtụ mmepụta ya. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=Curtis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akauDQAAQBAJ&q=robert+gant+gilbert+and+sullivan&pg=PT30|title=Murder in the Closet: Essays on Queer Clues in Crime Fiction Before Stonewall|date=2017-01-11|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-2633-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wamu.org/story/13/04/19/georgetown_law_students_get_big_break_on_stage/|title=Georgetown Law Students Get Big Break On Stage|work=WAMU|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-12}}</ref>Gant malitere otu mmadụ isii a cappella, The MetroGnomes, nke rụrụ ọrụ na ebe ndị dị gburugburu [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0" /> Gant nakweere ọnọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ [[Los Angeles]] nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu mba ụwa Baker McKenzie nke dị na Chicago. Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mechiri ọfịs ya na Los Angeles n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Gant kpebiri ịchụso ime ihe nkiri na ime ihe nkiri.<ref name=":0"/> == Ọrụ == Site na 2002 ruo 2005, Gant gosipụtara Prọfesọ Ben Bruckner na usoro telivishọn Showtime Queer as Folk . Omume ya lụrụ di na nwunye mbụ iwu kwadoro nke e gosipụtara na telivishọn America.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hallmarkchannel.com/Wedding-of-Dreams/cast/Robert-Gant|title=Robert Gant as Noah on Wedding of Dreams|work=Hallmark Channel|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, Gant pụtara na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Billy's Dad is a Fudgepacker, nkwanye ugwu maka ihe nkiri agụmakwụkwọ nke afọ 1950, nke gosipụtara na Sundance Film Festival. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/billys-dad-is-a-fudge-packer/|title=BILLY'S DAD IS A FUDGE-PACKER {{!}} Film Threat|date=2005-02-04|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref>N'afọ 2005, Gant bụ usoro a na-eme mgbe niile na ihe nkiri BBC 3-mepụtara Personal Affairs, nke e debere na ngalaba ego nke [[London]] ma mee ihe nkiri na London na Scotland. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.powerupfilms.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3:billys-dad-is-a-fudge-packer&catid=1:features-and-shorts&Itemid=8|title=BILLY'S DAD IS A FUDGE-PACKER|work=www.powerupfilms.org|accessdate=2020-02-13|archivedate=2016-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152329/http://powerupfilms.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3:billys-dad-is-a-fudge-packer&catid=1:features-and-shorts&Itemid=8}}</ref>Gant bụ naanị onye America n'ime ndị Briten niile.<ref name=":1"/> Gant bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta Mythgarden. Ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 2007 bụ Save Me, ihe nkiri a na-eme na ndabere nke ozi nwoke na nwoke, kpakpando Gant tinyere Judith Light na Chad Allen ma gosipụta ya na Sundance Film Festival. <ref name=":1"/>O sokwa mepụta, dee, ma mee ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri oge nke Netflix na-ekesa ''Milada'', ezigbo akụkọ nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Czech Milada Horáková, onye gọọmentị Kọmunist gburu na 1950.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americancinemathequecalendar.com/content/milada|title=MILADA {{!}} American Cinematheque|work=americancinemathequecalendar.com|accessdate=2020-02-13|archivedate=2020-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213025044/http://americancinemathequecalendar.com/content/milada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://n.noovie.com/people/robert-gant-210367|title=Robert Gant|work=Noovie|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13|archivedate=2020-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213025048/https://n.noovie.com/people/robert-gant-210367}}</ref> Gant gosipụtara onye nledo mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn, Kiss Me Deadly, nke a gbara n'ebe dị na New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405072446/http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archivedate=2019-04-05|title=6951 - Robert Gant: The spying game - Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive - Windy City Times|date=2019-04-05|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref name="Robert Gant, action man">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebar.com/arts_&_culture/television//75155|title=Robert Gant, action man|work=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref>Gant gosipụtara nna Kryptonian nke Melissa Benoist bụ Zor-El na ''Supergirl'', Todd Crimsen na usoro Netflix 13 Reasons Why, na Jim Hunter na The Fosters na usoro ya Good Trouble. <ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thepcprinciple.com/?p=12163|title=Interview: Robert Gant|author=DigitalCavalry|date=2018-09-08|work=The PC Principle|language=english|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2019/09/18/good-trouble-the-fosters-family-reunion-christmas-special-photo/|title=Good Trouble Reunites Entire Fosters Family for Christmas Special — PHOTO|author=Gelman|first=Vlada|date=2019-09-18|work=TVLine|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.multichannel.com/news/freeform-end-fosters-three-night-series-finale-418663|title=Freeform to End 'The Fosters' With Three-Night Series Finale|author=Umstead|first=R. Thomas|work=Multichannel|date=14 March 2018|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soaps.sheknows.com/the-young-and-the-restless/news/550082/video-robert-gant-good-trouble-holiday-special/|title=Video: Robert Gant Joins 'Good Trouble' Ahead of Holiday Special|author=Young|first=Candace|date=2019-09-24|work=Soaps.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref>Tupu Queer as Folk, Gant laghachiri dị ka Principal Calvin Krupps na usoro telivishọn mbụ nke Ryan Murphy, Popular, na ọrụ ugboro ugboro dị ka enyi nwoke Caroline Trevor na Caroline in the City.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Robert Gant {{!}} TV Guide">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/robert-gant/credits/190833|title=Robert Gant {{!}} TV Guide|work=TVGuide.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213025051/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/robert-gant/credits/190833/|archive-date=2020-02-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.dailynews.com/outinhollywood/2008/05/03/my-interview-with-robert-gant/|title=My interview with Robert Gant…|author=Hern|first=Greg|date=2008-05-03|work=Out in Hollywood|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Gant nwere ọrụ ndị ọbịa na ihe ngosi telivishọn Friends, ebe ọ na-eme otu n'ime ụmụ nwoke abụọ Phoebe na-eme mkpapụ n'otu oge. Nwoke nke ọzọ bụ onye Queer na-eme ihe nkiri Folk, Matt Battaglia, na-eme Phoebe. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>Onye ọbịa Gant gosipụtara na Melrose Place, ''Becker'', ọtụtụ ihe ngosi metụtara ''CSI'', Caroline in the City, na Criminal Minds. <ref name="Robert Gant, action man"/><ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Robert Gant {{!}} TV Guide"/>N'afọ 2013, o gosipụtara Captain Robert Norton na Dead Space 3, nke atọ na usoro Egwuregwu vidio Dead Space nke Electronic Arts wepụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/dead-space-3/credits|title=Dead Space 3 (2013) Windows credits|work=MobyGames|accessdate=2020-02-13}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ajụjụ ọnụ nke magazin The Advocate bipụtara, Gant pụtara dị ka nwoke na-edina nwoke n'afọ 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405072446/http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Robert-Gant-The-spying-game/18270.html|archivedate=2019-04-05|title=6951 - Robert Gant: The spying game - Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive - Windy City Times|date=2019-04-05|accessdate=2020-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmQEAAAAMBAJ&q=robert+gant+comes+out+as+gay+advocate+2002&pg=PA4|title=The Advocate|date=2002-09-17|publisher=Here Publishing|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGQEAAAAMBAJ&q=robert+gant+comes+out+as+gay+advocate+august+2002&pg=PA11|title=The Advocate|date=2002-08-20|publisher=Here Publishing|language=en}}</ref> Gant na-akwado òtù ndị dị ka Services & Advocacy for LGBT Elders (SAGE) na Gay & Lesbian Elder Housing (GLEH). == Akụkụ nke ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''Obodo ukwu: Los Angeles'' |Onye uwe ojii B | |- |''Jane Street'' |Jay | |- |1997 |''Hercules'' | |Ihe nkiri vidio |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |''Ịkụzi Ihe Oriakụ Tingle'' |Prọfesọ | |- |''Nkwekọrịta ahụ'' |Gene Collins | |- |2002 |''Mmalite na Mmalite'' |Ian | |- | rowspan="2" |2004 |''Marie na Bruce'' |Onye na-ere nri | |- |''Nna Billy bụ onye na-etinye ihe n'akpa!'' |Nna Billy |Dị mkpirikpi |- | rowspan="2" |2007 |''Zọpụta M'' |Scott |Onye na-emepụta ihe |- |''Na-ebi ndụ!'' |Onye nduzi | |- |2012 |''Joshua Tree, 1951: Ihe osise nke James Dean'' |Ian | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Ịhụnanya Ọ bụ Ihe Nile Ị Chọrọ?'' |Pete Santilli | |- |''Ịdị gịrịgịrị'' |Vince Davi | |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Otu Nde Obi Ụtọ'' |Dr. Hansen | |- |''Milada'' |Bohuslav Horák |Onye edemede na onye na-emepụta |- |2021 |''Map nke obere ihe zuru oke'' |Onye Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe Dave | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" |Ihe edeturu |- | rowspan="3" |1994 |''Ellen'' |Dr. Garber |Ihe omume: "Dentist" |- |''Ihe A Na-akpọ Ndụ M'' |Gunther |Ihe omume: "Nrụgide" |- |''Ebe a na-akpọ Melrose'' |Onye na-ere nri |Ihe omume: "Kwuo Mba" |- | rowspan="2" |1995 |''Nrọ M Kasị Ukwuu'' |Stewart |Ihe omume: "Nwanne nwanyị Mister" |- |''Nzọụkwụ site na Nzọụkwụ'' |Onye Ọkụ Ọkụ |Ihe omume: "Ụmụ agbọghọ na nwa ọhụrụ" |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''Nnukwu Mmiri'' |Mason |Ihe omume: "Ndị Enyi Ochie" |- |''Ebe a na-akpọ Melrose'' |Onye osote Tom |Ihe omume: "Ịkwaga mmebi iwu" |- | rowspan="7" |1997 |''Townies'' |Nwoke |Ihe omume: "Ihe ị ga-eme na Gloucester Mgbe Ị Nwụrụ Anwụ" |- |''Ndụ ya na Roger'' |Rod Davis |Ihe omume: "Nupụisi ndị ọkpọ" |- |''Ndị Enyi'' |Jason |Ihe omume: "Onye nwere ihe Ross" |- |''Hangin' na Maazị Cooper'' |Onye na-ere nri |Ihe omume: "Party, Party" |- |''Ihe Ndị Na-eme ka Ọka kpọnwụọ'' |Kevin |Ihe omume: "Night of the Parrot" |- |''Isi n'elu ụkwụ'' |Blake |Ihe omume: "Hot Guy" |- |''Ogige abalị'' |Frank Thatcher |Ihe omume: "Ahapụ Ọrụ Gị ma ọ bụ M Na-ahapụ Gị" |- |1997–98 |''Caroline n'obodo'' |Trevor |Ihe omume 9 |- | rowspan="2" |1998 |''Ụdị &amp;amp; Ihe Ndị Dị na ya'' |Matiu |Ihe omume: "Terry, anyị amaghị gị" |- |''Agwaetiti Fantasy'' |Dave Sullivan |Ihe omume: "Estrogen" |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |''Becker'' |Doug |Ihe omume: "Cyrano De-Beckerac" |- |''Ịkpọte n'Ọchịchị'' |Jim |Ihe omume: "Ịkwụsị na-eme ka Obi na-eto eto" |- | rowspan="2" |2000 |''Linc'' |Dr. Brad Wheeler |Ihe omume: "Achọrọ m ịgba akaebe" |- |''Akpa Veronica'' |Bernie |Ihe omume: "Veronica Set Josh Up" |- |2000–01 |''Ndị a ma ama'' |Calvin Krupps |Ihe omume iri na otu |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''V.I.P.'' |Arthur Goodwin |Ihe omume: "Val Cubed" |- |''Nkwado'' |Nwoke Na-alụ Nwoke |Ihe omume: "Ọ na-ezo ndị ikom" |- |2002–05 |''Ndị na-eme ihe ike dị ka ndị mmadụ'' |Prọfesọ Ben Bruckner |Ihe omume 55 |- |2005 |''Ihe dị nso'' |Julian Carver |Ihe omume: "Agha" |- |2006 |''Pepper Dennis'' |Benny Gold |Ihe omume: "Anya A Ma Ama Pụrụ Ịkwụ N'elu" |- |2007 |''CSI: Nnyocha nke Ebe Mpụ'' |Lewis Greyburg |Ihe omume: "Anya efu" |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |''Nip/Tuck'' |Jeff Morris |Ihe omume: "Magda na Jeff" |- |''Isusu m ọnụ nke ukwuu'' |Jacob Keane |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |''Nkwado Pụrụ Iche'' |Nate Spencer |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- | rowspan="6" |2009 |''Rick &amp;amp; Steve: Di na Nwunye Na-enwe Obi Ụtọ n'Ụwa Nile'' |Onye isi obodo Mayer |Olu; Ihe omume: "Nanị Onye Na-aga n'Otu n'Obodo" |- |''CSI: NY'' |Felix Redman |Ihe omume: "Green Piece" |- |''Ọnọdụ Union nke Tracey Ullman'' |Buzz |Ihe omume: "Fuzzy Cheeks" |- |''Ihe gbasara onwe onye'' |Rock van Gelder |Ihe omume 5 |- |''Obí Eze'' |Ron Bigby |Ihe omume: "Deep in Death" |- |''CSI: Miami'' |Lloyd Arrington |Ihe omume: "Onye iro na-eweghara ọchịchị" |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |''Ọkpụkpụ'' |Jason Hendler |Ihe omume: "Dentist in the Ditch" |- |''Okpomọkụ na Cleveland'' |Steve |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị ọmụmụ" |- |''90210'' |Dr. Wright |Ihe omume: "Jide m ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-agba égbè" |- | rowspan="4" |2011 |''Mike na Molly'' |Kyle |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị Valentine nke Mbụ" |- |''Ịgba alụkwaghịm Obi Ụtọ'' |Mark |Ihe omume: "A Kiss Is Just a Kiss" |- |''Ndụ Nzuzo nke Onye Ntorobịa America'' |Maazị Martin |Ihe omume: "4-1-1" |- |''Ndụ M Dị ka Nnwale'' |Craig Rolle |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Ndị Nnwere Onwe'' |Mak |Ihe omume: "Ụmụaka nwere ike ịdị mma" |- |''Enweghị ihere'' |Greg Garvin |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị Nna" |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |''Vegas'' |Rick Kent |Ihe omume: "Site n'ụbọchị a gaa n'ihu" |- |''NCIS'' |Mike Dunkel |Ihe omume: "Detour" |- |''Nchịkwa Iwe'' |Dr. Konner |Ihe omume: "Charlie na Hot Nerd" |- |''Nwa Nna'' |Steve |Ihe omume: "Kpọọ" |- |''Sean Na-azọpụta Ụwa'' |Ịchụ nta |Ihe omume: "Ụbọchị Atụmanya" |- |2013–17 |''Ndị Na-eto Eto na Ndị Na-enweghị Nkwụsị'' |David Sherman |Ihe omume iri na isii |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Ndị Echiche'' |Peter MacKenzie |Ihe omume: "The Citadel"Ihe omume: "Sitting Ducks"<br /> |- |''Kpatụ Ala'' |Louis Jason |Ihe omume: "Full-Court Press" |- |2015 |''Uche Ndị Omume'' |Miles Tate |Ihe omume: "Lockdown" |- |2015–16 |''Supergirl'' |Zor-El |Ihe omume 4 |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''K.C. N'okpuru nzuzo'' |Onye isi ala Jackson Cleveland |Ihe omume: "Ihe mberede ga-eme" Ihe omume: 'Brainwashed'<br /> |- |''Oge Ọchịchị nke Nrọ'' |Noah Burns |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- |''Nwanyị America'' |Tim Donohue |Ihe omume: "Krampus Katie" |- |2017 |''Hawaii Ise-0'' |Thomas Stratham |Ihe omume: "Huikau na Mannaka na Lawai'a" |- |2017–20 |''13 Ihe Mere E Si N"'' |Todd Crimsen |Ihe omume 6 |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Ndị Na-akwado ya'' |Jim Hunter |Ihe omume 3 |- |''Agbamakwụkwọ nke Nrọ'' |Noah Burns |Ihe nkiri telivishọn |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ihe Mere Ụmụ nwanyị Na-egbu'' |Dale Clark |Ihe omume: "Ị nwere m na igbu ọchụ" Ihe omume: 'Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ na-egbu egbu n'ụzọ ọ bụla"<br /> |- |''Mbilite n'Ọnwụ'' |Daniel Fox |Ihe omume: "Maricela na Ọzara" |- |2019–21 |''Nsogbu Dị Mma'' |Jim Hunter |Ihe omume 3 |- |2021 |''NCIS: Los Angeles'' |Ron Lewis |Ihe omume: "Ihe A rụzuru" |- |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] edld64c6wx6vk8d55r0kjyfaqrlrpjo Starfall (ebe nrụọrụ weebụ) 0 32858 743547 644475 2026-11-06T02:21:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website|name=Starfall}} Starfall bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụmụaka nke na-akụzi nkà ọgụgụ isi na ide Bekee. Ndị isi bụ ndị na-aga akwụkwọ ọta akara na ndị na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ ọtaala. Ọ na-akụziri ụmụaka otu esi agụ site na iji egwuregwu na ụda. Usoro nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dabere na nyocha nke G. Reid Lyon sitere na National Institutes of Health na Edward J. Kame'enui sitere na Mahadum Oregon. <ref name="Tsubata">{{Cite news|first=Kate|author=Tsubata|title=Web site a tool to teach reading|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/sep/24/web-site-a-tool-to-teach-reading/|work=[[The Washington Times]]|date=2007-09-24|accessdate=28 September 2009}}</ref>E mere ka ebé nrụọrụ weebụ á guzo sie ike na 2002, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ bụ n'efu iji ma ọ naghị eji [[Advertising|mgbasa ozi]] eme ụzọ iji nweta ego. Ọnụ ego nke ịgba ya na-akwụ site na ego sitere na Blue Mountain Arts, yana ego e nwetara site na mbipụta akwụkwọ ọrụ ya.<ref name="Olson">{{Cite news|first=Stefanie|author=Olson|title=The ABCs of learning online|url=http://news.cnet.com/2009-1025_3-6195272.html|work=[[CNET Networks]]|date=2007-07-09|accessdate=28 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025033331/http://news.cnet.com/2009-1025_3-6195272.html|archive-date=2012-10-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <ref name="About">{{Cite web|title=About Starfall|url=https://teach.starfall.com/lv/info/about|publisher=Starfall|date=2019|accessdate=2019-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113003903/https://teach.starfall.com/lv/info/about|archivedate=2019-01-13}}</ref><ref name="Olson"/><ref name="Tsubata"/>. <ref name="Olson" />.<ref name="Tsubata" />arfall tọrọ ntọala na August 27, 2002, site n'aka Stephen Schutz, nwunye ya Susan Polis Schutz, na nwa ha nwoke, Jared Schutz Polis. Starfall sitere na Blue Mountain Arts, ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ na Boulder, Colorad N'afọ 2006, Starfall malitere Pumarosa, nke na-enyere ndị na-asụ Spanish aka ịmụta Bekee.<ref name="Olson"/> <ref name="Olson"/>.Na Mee 2007, Starfall nwere ndị ọbịa 987,000, nke bụ mmụba 300% site na afọ gara aga. == 4 Ọdịdị ọgụgụ == Starfall nwere ọkwa ọgụgụ 4 iji kụziere ụmụaka otu esi agụ. Ọnọdụ, n'usoro site na nke kachasị mkpa ruo na nke kachasị elu bụ: "ịmụta ABCs", "ịmalite ịgụ ihe n'oge", "ịga n'etiti mmalite ịgụ ihe", na "ịga na-amalite ịgụ ihe n"ihu.<ref name="Gudmunsen">{{Cite news|first=Ginny|author=Gudmunsen|title=Free site has scoop on teaching kids to read|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/jinnygudmundsen/2005-08-22-starfall_x.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|date=2005-08-22|accessdate=28 September 2009}}</ref> Ọkwa nke mbụ na-akụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ọta akara banyere ABCs. Na ọkwa a, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-enye ndị mmụta mkpụrụedemede niile dị n'ụdị mkpụrụedemede dị n'elu na n'ụdị obere. Mgbe ndị na-amụ ihe hụrụ okwu na-apụta na ihuenyo, ha na-anụ ụda nke mkpụrụedemede niile mejupụtara okwu. Na mbido mmalite, ndị na-amụ ihe na-emepụta okwu site na ịgbakwunye ụdaume na ezinụlọ okwu dị iche iche. A na-egosipụta mkpụrụedemede dị n'okwu ọ bụla mgbe a na-agụrụ onye mmụta ha.<ref name="Gudmunsen" /> Na ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ nke etiti, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ike iwebata akwụkwọ ha ga-agụ na ndụ tupu ha agụ ha. Onye na-amụ ihe nwere ike ịgụ banyere ndị omenkà a ma ama na aghụghọ anwansi. N'ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, ụmụaka nwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, ihe omimi nnụnụ, Akụkọ ifo ndị China, na ihe ọchị.<ref name="Gudmunsen" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bookriot.com/2019/02/14/read-aloud-websites-for-kids/|title=3 Read-Aloud Websites for Kids|first=Ashlie|author=Swicker|work=Book Riot|date=February 14, 2019|accessdate=April 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195906/https://bookriot.com/2019/02/14/read-aloud-websites-for-kids/|archivedate=2019-04-04}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} oq0af1x447wf6mbd212hwfyrprhep5u Roberts Orya 0 33765 743504 740966 2026-11-05T20:00:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Roberts U. Orya''' bụ onye bụbu onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi oche nke Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) na onye isi ala nke Global Network of Export-Impport Banks and Development Finance Institutions . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-05-20|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/business/183319-nexim-boss-orya-emerges-head-of-global-network-of-export-import-banks|title=Robert Orya Emerge Head of GNEXID|publisher=Premiumtimesng.com|accessdate=2021-05-18}}</ref> Ọ banyere n'ọkwa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2009 iji duzie ndị isi ụlọ akụ ahụ. == Ezinụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == A mụrụ Orya na Ugwe, Benue State, Nigeria, site na nzụlite dara ogbenye na nna nwere nsogbu anụ ahụ. O mechara gaa [[Polytechnic nke Ȯra Benue|Benue State Polytechnic]] ebe o nwetara Ordinary National Diploma mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Teacher's College ebe ọ nwetara National Certificate of Education . <ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://punchng.com/spice/personalities/neatness-is-style-roberts-orya|title=Neatness is style — Roberts Orya|publisher=Punchng.com|date=2012-12-02|accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref> == Ụlọ Akụ̀ NEXIM == <ref name=":0"/> ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, ndị nlekọta ọhụrụ nke ụlọ akụ ahụ ketara ụgwọ ruru ijeri 14.6, nke ihe dị ka pasent 72 n'ime ha bụ ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, ebe ihe karịrị ijeri 10.03 (69.05 pasent) bụ ndị furu efu ma ọ bụ ndị a na-apụghị iweghachite n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na ntuziaka. == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na atụmatụ ya na NEXIM Bank == <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Agbese|first=Philip|date=2013-04-20|title=NEXIM Sealink re-awakening Africa's Giant|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/112160/nexim-sealink-re-awakening-africas-giant.html|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=[[Nigerian Voice]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAgbese2013">Agbese, Philip (2013-04-20). [https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/112160/nexim-sealink-re-awakening-africas-giant.html "NEXIM Sealink re-awakening Africa's Giant"]. ''[[Olu Naijiria|Nigerian Voice]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> duziri atụmatụ nke Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) na njikọ aka na Federation of West African Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Iji gbasaa oke nke ego ụlọ akụ ahụ na-enye iji hụ na ego maka mbupụ na mbubata yana mkpuchi ego, ọ duuru ụlọ akụ ahụ banye na nkwekọrịta na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ego mba ụwa dị ka Islamic Development Bank.Site <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-18|title=NEXIM Disburses N92.5bn To Exporters|url=http://leadership.ng/business/375010/nexim-disburses-n92-5bn-exporters|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150422001828/http://leadership.ng/business/375010/nexim-disburses-n92-5bn-exporters|archivedate=2015-04-22|work=leadership.ng|accessdate=2021-05-18}}</ref> idu ndú ya, ụlọ akụ ahụ mepụtara ihe dị ka ijeri dollar 1.3 (ihe dị ka ijere 164) ego mgbanwe mba ọzọ maka mba ahụ n'oge ahụ. == Usoro ikpe == <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=Court awards N50 million against NEXIM Bank for ex-MD's illegal detention|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/460753-court-awards-n50-million-against-nexim-bank-for-ex-mds-illegal-detention.html|accessdate=2022-01-25|language=en-GB}}</ref>'ọnwa Mee 2021, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Benue Steeti nyere iwu ka NEXIM kwụọ Orya nde 500 dị ka mmebi maka "ijide na njide iwu na-akwadoghị". == Iwu na ngosi == Nduzi Orya na NEXIM malitere ọrụ Sealink. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-08-17|title=NEXIM sea-link project would cost $61.5 million - Roberts Orya - Nigeria Business News|url=http://businessnews.com.ng/2011/08/17/nexim-sea-link-project-would-cost-61-5-million-roberts-orya|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Businessnews.com.ng|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518012158/http://businessnews.com.ng/2011/08/17/nexim-sea-link-project-would-cost-61-5-million-roberts-orya/|archive-date=2021-05-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> O nyela aka na iwu mba na nke mba ụwa gụnyere: * "Economic diversification, non-oil export growth back on front burner", by Roberts Orya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/economic-diversification-non-oil-export-growth-back-on-front-burner-by-roberts-orya/|title=Economic diversification, non-oil export growth back on front burner, by Roberts Orya -|date=May 3, 2015}}</ref> * A Practical Framework for Boosting Intra-Africa Trade, ''Financial Nigeria Magazine'', August 2013<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-27|title=NEXIM Bank Rated as Best Performing African Development Finance Institution (DFI)|url=http://africabusiness.com/2014/01/27/nexim-bank/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215223417/http://africabusiness.com/2014/01/27/nexim-bank/|archivedate=2015-12-15|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=africabusiness.com}}</ref> * Funding/investment Opportunities in the creative/entertainment industry<ref>{{Cite web|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|date=April 27, 2012|title=FG commences disbursement of $200m entertainment fund|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/fg-commences-disbursement-of-200m-entertainment-fund/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210518022102/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/fg-commences-disbursement-of-200m-entertainment-fund/|archivedate=18 May 2021|work=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=18 May 2021}}</ref> * Facilitating the non-oil sector in Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://financialnigeria.com/developmentreport|title=Development and Finance|publisher=Financial Nigeria|date=|accessdate=2021-05-18}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2022}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7nlnpze3nmbgmo6fe1c0b1l9z8nyl46 Wajih Owais 0 34125 743584 742213 2026-11-06T10:05:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743584 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="" responsive="1"></references>{{Databox}} '''Wajih Mousa Owais ({{lang-ar|وجيه موسى عويس}})''' (born November 5, 1947){{cn|date=March 2021}} is a [[Jọdan|Jordanian]] Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research.<ref name="pm">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pm.gov.jo/english|title=رئاسة الوزراء|publisher=pm.gov.jo|accessdate=2016-06-14}}</ref> He was appointed as Minister in February 2011.<ref name="alghad">{{Cite web|url=http://www.alghad.com/?news=558984|title=جريدة الغد|publisher=alghad.com|accessdate=2016-06-14}}</ref> Dr. Owais was the Professor of Genetics, a researcher, Chairman of Board of Directors of King Abdullah University Hospital,<ref name="kauh">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kauh.jo/kauh/english/welcomemsg.aspx|title=Welcome|publisher=kauh.jo|accessdate=2016-06-14|archivedate=2011-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928171847/http://www.kauh.jo/kauh/english/welcomemsg.aspx}}</ref> and the President of Jordan University of Science and Technology<ref name="just">{{Cite web|url=http://www.just.edu.jo/aboutjust/Pages/default.aspx|title=Home|publisher=just.edu.jo|accessdate=2016-06-14|archivedate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405215215/http://www.just.edu.jo/aboutjust/Pages/default.aspx}}</ref> from September, 2003 to February, 2011. In 1972, he got his B.Sc. in the field of Biology from the American University of Beirut. In 1975, he got his M.Sc. in the field of Biochemistry from the University of Jordan. In 1979, he obtained his Ph.D. in the field of Molecular Genetics from Washington State University. N'etiti 1 June na 28 September 2016 Owais jere ozi dị ka Minista nke agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na nyocha sayensị na Ụlọ ọrụ Hani Al-Mulki. [[Adel Tweisi]] nọchiri ya n'ọkwa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Omar Obeidat|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-new-government-sworn|title=Mulki's new government sworn in|publisher=The Jordan Times|date=29 September 2016|accessdate=9 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133910/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-new-government-sworn|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Omar Obeidat|url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-government-takes-oath-office-king|title=Mulki's government takes oath of office before King|publisher=The Jordan Times|date=2 June 2016|accessdate=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110021540/http://jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-government-takes-oath-office-king|archive-date=10 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> họpụtara Owais ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-11|title=Royal Decree approves reshuffle of Khasawneh's Cabinet|url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/royal-decree-approves-reshuffle-khasawnehs-cabinet|accessdate=2022-12-19|work=Jordan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219150036/https://jordantimes.com/news/local/royal-decree-approves-reshuffle-khasawnehs-cabinet|archive-date=2022-12-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministers - The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research|url=https://mohe.gov.jo/EN/List/Ministers|accessdate=2022-12-19|work=mohe.gov.jo|archivedate=2022-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105053840/https://mohe.gov.jo/EN/List/Ministers}}</ref>'etiti 11 Ọktọba 2021 na 26 Ọktọla 2022 ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọzọ dị ka Minista nke agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na nyocha sayensị. Owais nwetara "Commemorative Medal" site na Czech University of Agriculture Prague, "Sculpture of Honor" site na Czechoslovakia University of Agricultura Prague na Mee, 2005, na nzere nsọpụrụ "Doctor of Science" site na New York Institute of Technology na 2005. Owais lekọtara ụmụ akwụkwọ 45 gụsịrị akwụkwọ (M.Sc.) bụ ndị niile gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma o bipụtara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ nyocha 34.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}   [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 25yd64vuat5uwju77hghuciohxo32hk Wale Bolorunduro 0 34152 743587 205669 2026-11-06T10:14:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samuel 'Wale Bolorunduro''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1966) bụ onye injinia Naijiria, ọkachamara mmanụ & gas, onye ndụmọdụ ego na onye na-echekwa ego. Ọ bụ Kọmishọna nke Ego, Mmefu ego na Atụmatụ Akụ na Eze Osun, Naịjirịa (2011-15). == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na 1966, Bolorunduro bụ onye Ijesa si Ere City na Oriade Local Government nke Obokun / Oriade ma ọ bụ Ijesa North Federal Constituency nke Osun State . <ref>{{Cite web|title=At 47, Bolorunduro Is A Fulfilled Man|url=http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/index.php?topic=323212.0|work=Nigeria Best Forum|accessdate=16 June 2017|archivedate=14 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314091727/http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/index.php?topic=323212.0}}</ref> == Mmụta == (WAEC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} West Africa Examination Council Nigeria|url=https://www.waecnigeria.org/|accessdate=2022-10-15|work=www.waecnigeria.org}}</ref> Bolorunduro gara Ilesha Grammar School ebe ọ nọdụrụ maka ule asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Wale Bolorunduro|url=http://osun.gov.ng/exco/dr-wale-bolorunduro/|work=Osun State Government Official Website|accessdate=16 June 2017|archivedate=29 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629183018/http://osun.gov.ng/exco/dr-wale-bolorunduro/}}</ref> gakwara [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo]] ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na injinia metalurgical na ihe onwunwe, klas mbụ na 1990. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omoluabi Savings and Loans|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=253744403&privcapId=253743865|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=16 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr.Wale Bolorunduro|url=http://osun.gov.ng/exco/dr-wale-bolorunduro/|work=Osun State Government Official Website|accessdate=16 June 2017|archivedate=29 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629183018/http://osun.gov.ng/exco/dr-wale-bolorunduro/}}</ref> nwetara nzere masta na njikwa azụmaahịa (1999) na Ph.D. na njikwa (2002) na Mahadum British Columbia, Canada.Ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe na nzukọ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ego nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Azụmaahịa Wharton haziri. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omoluabi Savings And Loans|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=253744403&privcapId=253743865|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=16 June 2017}}</ref> nwekwara nzere masta na ọchịchị ụlọ ọrụ nke Leeds Business School (2009). [1] == Ọrụ == Bolorunduro malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na Mobil Producing Nigeria na 1990. N'afọ 1991, ọ sonyeere ọrụ nke Arthur Andersen (nke bụzi KPMG Professional Services).<ref>{{Cite web|title=At 47, Bolorunduro Is A Fulfilled Man|url=http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/index.php?topic=323212.0|work=Nigerian Best Forum|accessdate=16 June 2017|archivedate=14 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314091727/http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/index.php?topic=323212.0}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Ụlọ Akụ̀ Zenith were ya n'ọrụ ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ego, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akụ, akụrụngwa na ngalaba ike. Tupu ọ pụọ na mbụ na Zenith Bank, ọ bụ osote onye njikwa ha, atụmatụ atụmatụ na njikwa ego ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ anọ.N'afọ 1997, Arthur Andersen &amp;amp; Co Vancouver BC, Canada were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ dị elu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=DR Wale Bolorunduro|url=http://osun.gov.ng/exco/dr-wale-bolorunduro/|work=Osun Government Official Website|accessdate=16 June 2017|archivedate=29 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629183018/http://osun.gov.ng/exco/dr-wale-bolorunduro/}}</ref> mechara kwaga BMO Nesbitt Burns (Investment Banking Group), Vancouver, BC Canada dị ka onye njikwa (Project Finance). [1]Boulunduro jikwa ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi / onye nyocha na Mahadum British Columbia, Vancouver na 2001.Ọ laghachiri na Zenith n'afọ 2003 wee bụrụ onye isi njikwa na Ngalaba Ike. N'ime afọ asatọ ọ nọrọ n'oge nke abụọ ọ bịara na Zenith Bank site na 2003 ruo 2011, o nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa njikwa: osote onye njikwa, osote onye isi njikwa, onye isi otu (Telecoms & Technologies Business) na onye isi njirimara (onye isi nke Infrastructure na Power Sector). == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na ihe nrite == N'ihi ọrụ ya dị egwu n'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, e nyere Bolorunduro onyinye dị iche iche maka ịme akara kachasị mma na Faculty of Technology, [[Mahadum nke Obafemi Awolowo|Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo]]. E nyere ya onyinye Miccom maka ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ kachasị mma; onyinye Nigerian Society of Engineers maka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị klas kachasị mma na Faculty of Engineering na University Award maka nwa akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ nke nwere nke kachasị elu Cumulative Grade Point Average maka afọ 1990. <ref name="auto"/>A na-ekwu na Bolorunduro bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ n'inye ego n'ụlọ ọrụ Telecom na Naịjirịa (2003-2006) yana azụmahịa ego na Upstream Oil and Gas, Telecoms, Power and Infrastructures.A makwaara ya dị ka ụbụrụ dị n'azụ elevator na ego a na-enweta n'ime steeti Osun. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ICT improved Osun IGR to N700m monthly – Bolorunduro|url=http://businessnews.com.ng/2012/10/14/ict-improved-osun-igr-to-n700m-monthly-bolorunduro/|work=Business News|accessdate=16 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314092459/https://businessnews.com.ng/2012/10/14/ict-improved-osun-igr-to-n700m-monthly-bolorunduro/|archive-date=14 March 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Osun is not in debt –Bolorunduro|url=http://independent.ng/osun-is-not-in-debt-bolorunduro/|work=Independent Nigeria|accessdate=16 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Osun commissioner cautions opposition on state finance|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/osun-commissioner-cautions-opposition-state-finance/|work=The Nation|accessdate=16 June 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Economic Wizardry In Osun Stat|url=http://www.oyostatelatestnews.com/economic-wizardry-in-osun-state-3/|work=Oyo State Latest News|accessdate=16 June 2017}}</ref> nọ n'ọkwa dị ka onye isi ego na Osun Steeti, ego a na-enweta kwa ọnwa site na nde 300 ruo nde 600. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] edtwnturrxvm3hzy1on1rfw4seyfo8x Rula Quawas 0 34182 743509 540989 2026-11-05T21:02:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743509 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Dr. '''Rula Butros Audeh Quawas''' (25 Febụwarị 1960 - 25 Julaị 2017) bụ onye agụmakwụkwọ [[Jọdan]] nke a maara maka nkwado ya maka ọganihu ụmụ nwanyị na Jọdan na dịka onye agụmakịa mbụ na-ewebata ọmụmụ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Mahadum Jọdan. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Quawas na 25 Febụwarị 1960 na Amman, Jọdan . <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web|author=Sweis|first=Rana F.|title=Rula Quawas, Champion of Women's Advancement in Jordan, Dies at 57|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/world/middleeast/rula-quawas-feminist-jordan-dead.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=6 May 2019|date=2 August 2017}}</ref> <ref name="nyt" /> gara Al Ahliyya School for Girls na ntorobịa ya, ebe nne ya bụ onye nkuzi. <ref name="Sabbagh">{{Cite journal|author=Sabbagh|first=Amal|title=Rula Quawas 1960–2017|journal=Review of Middle East Studies|year=2018|volume=52|pages=168–170|language=en|doi=10.1017/rms.2018.19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sabbagh|first=Amal|date=April 2018|title=Rula Quawas 1960–2017|journal=Review of Middle East Studies|language=en|volume=52|issue=1|pages=168–170|doi=10.1017/rms.2018.19|issn=2151-3481}}</ref> nwetara B.A. ya na 1981 na M.A. na 1991 site na Mahadum Jọdan mgbe ọ na-akụzi n'otu oge na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na Amman. <ref name="FemTales">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Rula Quawas|url=https://www.femtales.com/about-femtales-com/dr-rula-quawas/|work=FemTales|accessdate=6 May 2019|archivedate=6 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506182413/https://www.femtales.com/about-femtales-com/dr-rula-quawas/}}</ref> gara n'ihu nweta Ph.D. ya na Mahadum nke North Texas . [1] <ref name="Tabazah">{{Cite web|author=Tabazah|first=Sawsan|title=Rula Quawas' posthumous book urges end of women stereotypes|url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/rula-quawas%E2%80%99-posthumous-book-urges-end-women-stereotypes|work=The Jordan Times|accessdate=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326142139/http://jordantimes.com/news/local/rula-quawas%E2%80%99-posthumous-book-urges-end-women-stereotypes|archive-date=26 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Sabbagh"/> gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate ya, ọ laghachiri na Mahadum nke Jọdan, ebe ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-akụzi ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-06|title=Fight for freedom and equality: the heart of battle|url=https://hybrismedia.com/2017/06/06/fight-for-freedom-and-equality-testimony-from-the-heart-of-battle-part-1/|accessdate=2020-12-11|work=Hybris Media|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name="FemTales"/> bụ prọfesọ mbụ kụziri ihe ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na Ngalaba Bekee. <ref name="nyt"/> guzobere Mahadum Women's Studies Center na 2006 <ref name="Sabbagh" /> ma jee ozi dị ka onye nduzi site na 2006 ruo 2008. [1] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Barghouthi|first=Hani|date=26 July 2017|title=A Tribute to Dr. Rula Quawas|url=https://www.7iber.com/society/a-tribute-to-dr-rula-quawas/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-12-11|work=7iber {{!}} حبر|language=en}}</ref> guzobekwara Ngalaba Mmepụta Ihe Ọmụma na Jọdan National Commission for Women . [1] Ọ bụ Dean nke Faculty of Foreign Languages na Mahadum nke Jọdan site na 2011 ruo 2012. <ref name="Sabbagh" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Remembering Dr. Rula Quawas – A Fulbright Alumna and a Lighthouse for Women's Rights|url=https://www.fulbright-jordan.org/post/dr-rula-quawas|accessdate=2020-12-11|work=www.fulbright-jordan.org|archivedate=2020-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922082105/https://www.fulbright-jordan.org/post/dr-rula-quawas}}</ref>'ime afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2013-4, ọ bụ Fulbright Scholar in Residence na Champlain College na Vermont. A kọwawo Quawas dị ka "onye mmeri a ma ama nke ọganihu ụmụ nwanyị na Jọdan" onye "ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndụ ya niile bụ inye ụmụ agbọghọ ike ma maa usoro nna ochie aka" (13). <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1153084016|title=Women rising : in and beyond the Arab Spring|date=2020|others=Rita Stephan, M. Charrad|isbn=978-1-4798-5696-1|location=New York|oclc=1153084016}}</ref> N'ịkọwa ebumnuche nke ya, Quawas dere na 2017:<blockquote>"Ndị inyom Arab kwenyere na agụmakwụkwọ bụ ngwá agha ha....Dị ka prọfesọ nke akwụkwọ na echiche ụmụ nwanyị, m na-ahụ mgbe niile ohere nke ụwa nke nwere ike ịbụ karịa maka ụmụ nwanyị Arab. Mgbe m na-akụzi, m na'ajụ onwe m mgbe niile, Gịnị bụ ihe m nwere ike ime n'ime ngalaba nke klas m iji mee ka ụwa a bụrụ ihe dị ndụ? Ụdị ọdịnihu m chọrọ ka mụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ m mepụta?" <ref name=":3">Quawas, Rula. "Barefoot Feminist Classes: A Revelation of Being, Doing, and Becoming." In ''Women Rising: In and Beyond the Arab Spring,'' edited by Mounira Charrad and Rita Stephen,15–27. New York: New York University Press, 2020. 978-1-4798-5696-1 </ref></blockquote>N'afọ 2009, Princess Basma nyere Quawas ihe nrite nsọpụrụ maka idu ndú na nraranye na inye ụmụ nwanyị Jọdan ike. Ọ bụ onye a họpụtara maka U.S. State Department's International Women of Courage Award na 2013. <ref name=":1"/> Quawas nwụrụ <ref name="nyt"/> Julaị 25, 2017, na Amman, Jọdan, mgbe ọ dị afọ 57, n'ihi nsogbu nke biopsy. === Arụmụka na Mahadum Jọdan (2012) === Quawas malitere ọnọdụ ya dị ka Dean nke Faculty of Foreign Languages na Mahadum nke Jọdan na 2011, maka ihe a chọrọ ịbụ afọ abụọ. Otú <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Harassment on campus: Jordan Dean ousted after exposé|url=https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/jordan-university-sexual-harassment--448939|accessdate=2020-12-11|work=Al Bawaba|language=en}}</ref> dị, n'etiti nkwekọrịta ya, onye isi oche nke Mahadum chụpụrụ ya mgbe ọ gbachitere ikike ụmụ akwụkwọ iji mepụta vidiyo na klas ya nke Feminist Theory na-emeghachi omume na nsogbu mmekọahụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ nụrụ na a chụpụrụ ya ọ bụghị site na nchịkwa mahadum kama site na mgbasa ozi mpaghara. <ref name="nyt"/> hapụrụ ya ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-akụzi ihe mgbe e wepụrụ ya dị ka dean. Site <ref name=":0"/> akụkọ ụfọdụ, Quawas "ghọrọ aha ezinụlọ na mba ahụ" mgbe esemokwu a gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|author=زيدان|first=محمد|date=2012-12-03|title=رولا قواس vs أمجد قورشة|url=https://www.7iber.com/2012/12/quorsha-vs-qawwas/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326234521/http://7iber.com/2012/12/quorsha-vs-qawwas/|archivedate=2014-03-26|accessdate=2020-12-12|work=7iber {{!}} حبر|language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> <ref name="nyt"/> n'ọrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya kpatara mkpesa dị ukwuu n'ime obodo na mba ụwa, gụnyere Middle East Studies Association of North America na ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta n'otu n'otu gburugburu ụwa. <ref name=":3">Quawas, Rula. "Barefoot Feminist Classes: A Revelation of Being, Doing, and Becoming." In ''Women Rising: In and Beyond the Arab Spring,'' edited by Mounira Charrad and Rita Stephen,15–27. New York: New York University Press, 2020. 978-1-4798-5696-1 </ref>'ide akwụkwọ na 2017, Quawas guzoro na vidiyo ahụ dị ka "onye na-eme mgbanwe na heterodox n'ihe karịrị otu ụzọ" ma kwado na ọ tụrụ ya n'anya ruo n'ókè nke na ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya "na-eme ka ha bụrụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na ndị a na-eleghara anya" mgbe a tọhapụrụ vidiyo ahụ n'ihu ọha. === Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ === * ''Ụmụ agbọghọ ọjọọ nke Arab World.'' Yaqub, Nadia na Rula Quawas (ndị nchịkọta). Austin: Mahadum nke Texas Press. 2017.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/974992296|title=Bad girls of the Arab world|others=Yaqub, Nadia G.,, Quawas, Rula (Rula Butros Audeh), 1960-2017|date=27 September 2017|isbn=978-1-4773-1335-0|edition=First|location=Austin|oclc=974992296}}</ref> * ''Olu nke Ịdị Ozu: Ụmụ agbọghọ Jọdan na-agafe n'enweghị nkwụsị.'' Quawas, Rula (onye nchịkọta akụkọ). 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Deeb|first=Zaina|title=Launching of "The Voice of Being Enough" {{!}} FemTales|url=https://www.femtales.com/launching-of-the-voice-of-being-enough/|accessdate=2020-12-11|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105214330/https://www.femtales.com/launching-of-the-voice-of-being-enough/}}</ref> * "'A sea captain in its own right': Navigating the feminist thought of Huda Shaarawi." Quawas, Rula. 2006. ''Journal of International Women's Studies'' 8 (1): 219-235. * "Ndụ na nrọ zuru ohi na akụkọ mkpirikpi nke ụmụ nwanyị Arab". Quawas, Rula. ''Journal of International Women's Studies'' 15 (1): 54-66.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rula Quawas|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TmOQSlQAAAAJ&hl=en|accessdate=2020-12-11|work=scholar.google.com}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:1960 births]] 42kb12hzqj312k8jik0s857m34af37n Shahida El-Baz 0 34541 743531 516055 2026-11-06T00:10:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Shahida El-Baz|Shahida El-Baz]]''' (2 Nọvemba 1938 - 21 Ọktoba 2021)<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2021-12-08 |title=SHAHIDA AHMED KHALIL ELBAZ (1938–2021): Saluting a Life of Unflinching Commitment to Justice, Equality and Freedom |url=https://journals.codesria.org/index.php/codesriabulletin/article/view/1267 |journal=CODESRIA Bulletin |language=en |issue=5 |doi=10.57054/cb520211267 |doi-broken-date=1 August 2023 |issn=0850-8712}}</ref> was an Egyptian feminist<ref>{{Citation |title=د شهيدة الباز - المرأة فى المجتمع المصري |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ckIJ-tON10 |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en}}</ref> who wrote many books on Arab women's issues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-29 |title=ناشطات يرفضن عقوبة جلد النساء فى السودان .. شهيدة الباز : "انتهاك" لحقوق المرأة ..عزة كامل: ما حدث لسيلفا من الصعب حدوثه فى مصر .. بهيجة حسين : مهزلة |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2009/11/29/ناشطات-يرفضن-عقوبة-جلد-النساء-فى-السودان-شهيدة-الباز-انتهاك/161297 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=اليوم السابع}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://librarycatalog.usj.edu.lb/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=48776 |title=المرأة العربية والعولمة |date=2003 |publisher=نور |editor-last=مؤسسة نور لدراسات وأبحاث المرأة العربية. القاهرة |location=القاهرة |editor-last2=الباز |editor-first2=شهيدة}}</ref> El-Baz bụbu onye isi ọkachasị na [[w:|Arab and African Research Center]] dị na Cairo, Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مديرة مركز البحوث العربية والإفريقية شهيدة الباز: حزب التجمع من أفضل الأحزاب المعارضة |url=http://alahalygate.com/archives/113631 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=جريدة الأهالي المصرية |language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=الراحلة شهيدة الباز – الجمعية العربية لعلم الاجتماع |url=http://www.arabsa.org/uncategorized/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=ar |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-12-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229220802/http://www.arabsa.org/uncategorized/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2/ }}</ref> El-Baz nwetara nzere Ph.D. ya na ngalaba Ịkọnọmics na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[w:|School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[w:|Mahadum London]], UK. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahida El Baz - CROP |url=https://www.crop.org/storypg.aspx?id=35& |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.crop.org |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2023-04-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430162053/https://www.crop.org/storypg.aspx?id=35& }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Jaber |first=Nabila |date=2001 |editor-last=Chatty |editor-first=Dawn |editor2-last=Rabo |editor2-first=Annika |title=Bargaining with Patriarchy: Gender, Voice and Spatial Development in the Middle East |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41858385 |journal=Arab Studies Quarterly |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=101–106 |issn=0271-3519 |jstor=41858385}}</ref> El-Baz bụụrụ aka ochie na mmepe,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libsys Opac |url=https://library.mas.ps/Search/Search?Author=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%8C%20%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9&AdvSearchType=2&searchType=5 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=library.mas.ps |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2023-04-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430153435/https://library.mas.ps/Search/Search?Author=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%8C%20%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9&AdvSearchType=2&searchType=5 }}</ref> Civil Society,<ref>{{Cite book |last=الباز |first=شهيدة |url=http://www.credif.org.tn/PORT/doc/SYRACUSE/7243/المنظمات-الاهلية-العربية-على-مشارف-القرن-الحادي-والعشرين-محددات-الواقع-وافاق-المستقبل-شهيدة-الباز |title=المنظمات الأهلية العربية على مشارف القرن الحادي والعشرين : محددات الواقع وآفاق المستقبل / شهيدة الباز |date=1997 |publisher=لجنة المتابعة لمؤتمر التنظيمات الأهلية العربية. القاهرة |language=Arabic}}</ref> [[w:Gender issues|Okwu ndị gbasara Udịekere]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=DPL {{!}} Search |url=https://dpl.dubaiculture.gov.ae/en/search-results/c2VhcmNoX2FwaV9zb2xyXm5ld19zb2xyOjo1MTMxOA==?prevSearch=%7B%22is_advanced%22:%22true%22,%22adv_search%5B0%5D%22:%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9%22,%22adv_fields%5B0%5D%22:%22subject%22,%22adv_op%5B0%5D%22:%22eq%22,%22f%5B%5D%22:%22%22,%22limit%22:%2212%22,%22sort%5Bfield%5D%22:%22relevance%22,%22sort%5Bsort%5D%22:%22asc%22,%22page%22:%221%22%7D |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=dpl.dubaiculture.gov.ae}}</ref> Ụbịam, Ụmụaka nọ n'ọnọdụ siri ike, na ụkpụrụ ndị ga-ejikọta ụwa niile ọnụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Elbaz |first=Shahida |title=Shahida Globalization and Democracy |url=https://www.academia.edu/7138623}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NGU Libraries catalog › Authority search › شهيدة الباز رئيسة التحرير (Personal Name) |url=https://lib-catalog.ngu.edu.eg/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=445 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=lib-catalog.ngu.edu.eg |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2023-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502224309/https://lib-catalog.ngu.edu.eg/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=445 }}</ref> El-Baz edepụtala ma nyochaa isiokwu dị iche iche metụtara nhazi otu ụmụ nwanyị na Egypt,<ref>{{Citation |title=شهيدة الباز في تحقيق (لم يذع) لشفيع شلبي حول قانون الاسرة "بالصوت و الصورة" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJf_MJ9W9-c |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=El-Baz |first=Shahida |title=The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Women's Group Formation in Egypt |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003136026-7/impact-social-economic-factors-women-group-formation-egypt-shahida-el-baz |work=Organizing Women |year=2020 |pages=147–171 |access-date=2023-05-12 |doi=10.4324/9781003136026-7|isbn=9781003136026 |s2cid=225251085 }}</ref> democratisation processes, and the impact of economic sanctions and structural adjustment development programs on the socioeconomic status of Egyptians.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> El-Baz zutere [[w:|Archie Mafeje]] mgbe ọ bụ onye isi oche nke mmemme mmepe obodo na ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na [[w:|International Institute of Social Studies]] na Netherlands n'etiti 1972 na 1975.<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ar:الراحلة شهيدة الباز – الجمعية العربية لعلم الاجتماع |trans-title=The late Shahida El-Baz - Arab Sociological Society |url=http://www.arabsa.org/uncategorized/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229220802/http://www.arabsa.org/uncategorized/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2/ |archive-date=2022-12-29 |access-date=2022-12-29 |language=ar |accessdate=2023-12-04 |archivedate=2022-12-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229220802/http://www.arabsa.org/uncategorized/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2/ }}</ref> Mafeje lụrụ Shahida El-Baz na 1977. Ha mụrụ nwa nwanyị, Dana.<ref name=":132">{{Cite web |title=Plaque will commemorate renaming of Senate Room |url=http://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2008-08-19-plaque-will-commemorate-renaming-of-senate-room |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229165345/https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2008-08-19-plaque-will-commemorate-renaming-of-senate-room |archive-date=2022-12-29 |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=www.news.uct.ac.za |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Albaz |first=Shahida |date=2013-12-11 |title=أخلاق المناضل |trans-title=The morals of an activist |url=https://www.shorouknews.com/404.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303223653/http://www.shorouknews.com/ContentData.aspx?ID=216942 |archive-date=2012-03-03 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Shorouknews |language=ar-eg}}</ref><ref name=":402">{{Cite thesis |title=Archie Mafeje: An Intellectual Biography |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/23899 |date=June 2017 |degree=PhD |language=en |first=Bongani |last=Nyoka |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173345/https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/23899 |url-status=live |page=}}</ref>{{rp|51}} Mafeje bịaziri chegharịa[[w:Religious Conversion|kpee Alakuba]] tupu ejikọọ ha n'alụm di na nwunye n'ihi na El-Baz bụ onye Alakụba. <ref name=":402" />{{rp|59}}El-Baz chetara na Mafeje na-agụ ihe na mkpúrù ọmụmụ-ihe ya na 6 Ọktoba 1981, mgbe [[w: Assassination of Anwar Sadat|e gburu Anwar Sadat]]; Mgbe ọ na-ekiri akụkọ ụwa na tiivii, El-Baz tiri mkpu, "Archie, agbagbuola Sadat!" Ka Mafeje jụchara "Ọ nwụrụ?" ma nụ azịza ya bụ eeee, ọ meghere mmanya karama champagne iji ñụrịa.<ref name=":40">{{Cite thesis |title=Archie Mafeje: An Intellectual Biography |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/23899 |date=June 2017 |degree=PhD |language=en |first=Bongani |last=Nyoka |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173345/https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/23899 |url-status=live |page=}}</ref>{{rp|65}} === Edensibia === {{reflist}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ 2021]] [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị si mba Ijipt]] [[Category: Mahadum London]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1938]] 6vmyi1sl948wnu8gu1pf7pcnz4hejqu Sudanese National Academy of Sciences 0 34556 743551 594954 2026-11-06T02:55:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 9 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ụlọ akwụkwọ '''Sudanese National Academy of Sciences''' ('''SNAS''') bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị gọọmenti hiwere nke isi ụlọ ọrụ ha dị na [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]], bu n'obi ịkwalite òtútó alaka sayensị na ime nnyocha na mba Sudan site n'inwe njikọaka na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ, sayensị, teknụzụ na nnyocha. === Akụkọ Mmalite === Ọ bụ òtù ndị ọkachamara na ngalaba sayensị si mba Sudan hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ a n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005 <ref>{{cite news |last1=Hassan |first1=Mohamed H.A. |title=Academies as agents of change in the OIC |id={{ProQuest|2708579355}} |url=https://www.scidev.net/global/opinions/academies-as-agents-of-change-in-the-oic/ |work=SciDev.Net |date=3 October 2007 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> nke gụnyere [[w:|Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan]]. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title= |script-title=ar:وفاة البروفيسور أحمد محمد الحسن: السودان يفقد أبرز علمائه في مجال الطب والبحث العلمي - اوبن سودان |trans-title=The death of Professor Ahmed Mohamed Al-Hassan: Sudan loses its most prominent scientists in the field of medicine and scientific research - Open Sudan |url=https://opensudan.net/archives/24595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120205108/https://opensudan.net/archives/24595 |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-20 |language=ar}}</ref> na [[w:|Muntaser Ibrahim]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nordling |first1=Linda |title=Renowned Sudanese geneticist behind bars for opposing regime |journal=Science |date=11 March 2019 |doi=10.1126/science.aax2972 |s2cid=166445629 }}</ref> [[w:|Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan]] bụụrụ onye isi oche mmalite nke SNAS, <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=News & Events |url=https://www.snas.org.sd/index.php/news-events |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120205628/https://www.snas.org.sd/index.php/news-events |archive-date=20 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.snas.org.sd |language=en-gb |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-11-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120205628/https://www.snas.org.sd/index.php/news-events }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nordling |first1=Linda |last2=Ndhlovu |first2=Deborah-Fay |title=Sudan splits and science community divides |journal=Nature |date=8 July 2011 |doi=10.1038/news.2011.408 }}</ref> nke [[w:|Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan]] nọchiri,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohamed H.A. Hassan |url=https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/ordinary/hassan.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.pas.va |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105175345/https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/ordinary/hassan.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Mohamed H. A. Hassan {{!}} Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://sdgs.un.org/panelists/mr-mohamed-h-hassan-32975 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=sdgs.un.org |archive-date=2022-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107233057/https://sdgs.un.org/panelists/mr-mohamed-h-hassan-32975 |url-status=live }}</ref> onye so hiwe ọtụtụ Kansụl sayensị ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke[[w:|The World Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Partnership (IAP) |first=the InterAcademy |title=Sudanese National Academy of Science (SNAS) |url=https://www.interacademies.org/organization/sudanese-national-academy-science-snas |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.interacademies.org |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404154925/https://www.interacademies.org/organization/sudanese-national-academy-science-snas |url-status=live }}</ref> N'àgbàtà ọnwa Eprel 2023, osote onye isi oche SNAS bụ Muntaser Ibrahim,<ref>{{Cite web |title=11 Sudanese Scientists You Should Know About |url=https://500wordsmag.com/science-and-technology/11-sudanese-scientists-you-should-know-about/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=500 Words Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402222224/https://500wordsmag.com/science-and-technology/11-sudanese-scientists-you-should-know-about/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2023-04-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402222224/https://500wordsmag.com/science-and-technology/11-sudanese-scientists-you-should-know-about/ }}</ref> ode akwụkwọ ukwu ya bụ Mustafa El Tayeb,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sciences (TWAS) |first=The World Academy of |title=Sudan: Building a Reputation |url=https://twas.org/article/sudan-building-reputation?via=TwasNEWS |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=TWAS |date=12 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref> ébé onye njikwa ego ya bụ [[w:|Suad Sulaiman]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Suad Sulaiman |url=http://worldscienceforum.org/participants/sulaiman-suad-53486 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=World Science Forum |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413183111/https://worldscienceforum.org/participants/sulaiman-suad-53486 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2023-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413183111/https://worldscienceforum.org/participants/sulaiman-suad-53486 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suad Mohammed Sulaiman |url=https://profiles.tdr-global.net/Suad.Mohammed.Sulaiman |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=TDR Global |archive-date=2021-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729180336/https://profiles.tdr-global.net/Suad.Mohammed.Sulaiman |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ebumnobi Na Ọrụ Ya === SNAS bụ ụlọ ọrụ ehiwere n'abụghị maka irite uru kwụụrụ onwe ya nke ndị mejupụtara ya bụ ndị ọkachamara ọpụrụiche na ngalaba sayensị na mba Sudan ma na mba ofesi, ebe ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba ndị ọzọ bụ ndị òtù ahụ anabatara anabata. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya digodi naanị nwa oge ugbua na [[w:|Mahadum Khartoum]].<ref name=":7" /> A na-ahụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dịka ebe agụmakwụkwọ kacha dị elu ugbua na mba Sudan, wee na-arụ ọrụ ikwado na ịkwalite nnyocha na ikepụta ihe ọhụrụ na ngalaba sayensị na mba ahụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sudanese National Academy of Sciences (SNAS) |url=http://www.iamp-online.org/sudanese-national-academy-sciences-snas/ |website=iamp |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705005552/http://www.iamp-online.org/sudanese-national-academy-sciences-snas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebumnuche bụ isi sekpụ ntị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ iwegolite ógó, ma wulitekwuo ime nnyocha ederede na nke emere n'aka na Sudan gaa n'ihu, ya na kwa iguzobe ebe nlere anya sayensị, teknụzụ na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter from President |url=https://snas.org.sd/index.php/about-snas/letter-from-president |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Sudanese National Academy of Sciences - SNAS |language=en-gb |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208122934/https://snas.org.sd/index.php/about-snas/letter-from-president |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208122934/https://snas.org.sd/index.php/about-snas/letter-from-president }}</ref> SNAS na-adị emekọbawa emume nkuzi, ndụmọdụ na ọzụzụ ndị mmadụ dịka nke iwulite ngabasị maka ihiwe ebe nlere anya sayensị, teknụzụ na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na Sudan, na ilenyere anya nhazi na ị́tụ̀ mbawanye maọbu ọdịda nke ihe ndị na-egosipụta sayensị, teknụzụ na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SNAS Strategic Plan |url=https://snas.org.sd/index.php/about-snas/snas-strategic-plan |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Sudanese National Academy of Sciences - SNAS |language=en-gb |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208130817/https://snas.org.sd/index.php/about-snas/snas-strategic-plan |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208130817/https://snas.org.sd/index.php/about-snas/snas-strategic-plan }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=in partnership with Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World |url=https://mnrc.uofk.edu/news1/54-in-partnership-with-organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-worl |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=mnrc.uofk.edu |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413190811/https://mnrc.uofk.edu/news1/54-in-partnership-with-organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-worl |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2023-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413190811/https://mnrc.uofk.edu/news1/54-in-partnership-with-organization-for-women-in-science-for-the-developing-worl }}</ref> SNAS so n'ịhazị ọtụtụ emume dịka ịhazi emume na nkuzi ihw nke sayensị, ịkwado nnyocha na ngalaba sayensị ma n'arọpụtakwa ihe ndị ọgụgụ maka ọzụzụ ndi mmadụ na ngalaba sayensị, teknụzụ na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1st Sudanese Swiss Science Forum {{!}} DNDi |url=https://dndi.org/events/2020/1st-sudanese-swiss-science-forum/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=dndi.org |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204044715/https://dndi.org/events/2020/1st-sudanese-swiss-science-forum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ụlọ Akwụkwọ ahụ mezuru ọrụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ na sayensị kacha buo ịbu nke [[w:|United States Agency for International Development (USAID)]] wetara ego ya, nke bụ òkù akpọrọ maka ime ọmụmụ ihe gbasara [[w:Tanganyika groundnut scheme|Ahụekere]] Sayensị [[w:|Aflatoxin]] na ịmịpụta ọ́là ọcha site n'ime ala na mba Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science for peace (STEM Sudan) |url=https://snas.org.sd/index.php/program-projects/science-for-peace-stem-sudan |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=snas.org.sd |language=en-gb |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208130619/https://snas.org.sd/index.php/program-projects/science-for-peace-stem-sudan |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208130619/https://snas.org.sd/index.php/program-projects/science-for-peace-stem-sudan }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ahmed El Tohami |first1=Abu Bakr El Siddig |title=Smart Artisanal Gold Mining from a Sudanese Perspective |journal=Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research |date=7 September 2018 |volume=8 |issue=5 |doi=10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001704 |s2cid=240226398 |doi-access=free }}</ref> SNAS nọrịị n'eme mmemme ncheta Izu Sudan nakwa ịhazi nkuzi ihe nke atọ nke ọbọdọ na njikọaka [[Khartoum Institute for Scientific Research]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=2023 Celebrate Sudan Week {{!}}{{!}} KICS 3rd Community Lecture |url=https://snas.org.sd/index.php/news-events/item/69-2023-celebrate-sudan-week-kics-3rd-community-lecture |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=snas.org.sd |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405080118/https://www.snas.org.sd/index.php/news-events/item/69-2023-celebrate-sudan-week-kics-3rd-community-lecture |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2023-04-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405080118/https://www.snas.org.sd/index.php/news-events/item/69-2023-celebrate-sudan-week-kics-3rd-community-lecture }}</ref> Na 21 Septemba 2023, SNAS rịọrọ arịrịọ nye ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dịgasị na mba ụwa, agba ha ume ka ha nyere ngalaba mahadum ahụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ ha niile aka bụ ndị [[w:War in Sudan (2023)|ọgbaghara ike]] na-aga n'ihu n'obodo ahụ ugbua chụpụlara n'ọnọdụ ha .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Partnership (IAP) |first=the InterAcademy |date=2023-09-26 |title=SNAS appeals for solidarity with the Sudanese people |url=https://www.interacademies.org/news/snas-appeals-solidarity-sudanese-people |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=www.interacademies.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Agha ahụ, ona-aga n'ihu kemgbe Eprel, ememilaala ime nnyocha na Sudan, mebie ihe karịrị mahadum na ebe a na-eme nnyocha dị otu narị n'ọnụ ọgụ. Arịrịọ ahụ na-asị ka ndị òtù ha nọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmenti etiti gasị rọpụtara ndebanye aha n'ụzọ dị mfe nye ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọkammụta ndị na-achọ ha, ma chọọ ntụkọta akụnụba ọnụ iji wugharịa akụrụngwa ndi agha ahụ mebirila. Akọwaala ọnọdụ ahụ dịka nke "ọnwụ na ndụ" nye ndị ọkachamara akwụkwọ na Sudan, ebe a na-ele anya na mwughachi na idozigharị ihe ndi emebiri ga-eri opekata mpe afọ ise, ebe ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara akwụkwọ na ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-agbasasị n'akụkụ mba ahụ ndị na-enweghi akụrụngwa mkpakọrịta ọgbaraọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordling |first=Linda |date=2023-09-28 |title=Sudan’s scientists plead for help as war ravages research – Research Professional News |url=https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-africa-pan-african-2023-9-sudan-s-scientists-plead-for-help-as-war-ravages-research/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=War forces Sudanese science academy to appeal for help |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20231003141532902 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=University World News}}</ref> ===Ndị Òtù Ya === {{Main category|Members of the Sudanese National Academy of Sciences}} SNAS ahọpụtala ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba Sudan ama ama dịka ndị òtù ya. Ndị òtù SNAS gụnyere [[w:|Elfatih Eltahir]] (H.M. King [[w:Bhumibol Adulyadej|Bhumibol]] Ọkammụta n'isi ọmụmụ Ihe Gbasara Mmiri na Ihu Igwe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]),<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=s.r.l |first=Interfase |title=TWAS elects 50 new Fellows |url=https://twas.org/article/twas-elects-50-new-fellows |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=TWAS |date=21 November 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103224318/https://twas.org/article/twas-elects-50-new-fellows |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Eltahir CV |url=http://web.mit.edu/eltahir/www2/eltahir_cv.htm |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=web.mit.edu |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525125638/http://web.mit.edu/eltahir/www2/eltahir_cv.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[w:|Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom]] (Ọkammụta n'isi ọmụmụ math na onye bụ Minista n'ahụ maka Agụmakwụkwọ nke mbụ mgbe [[w:| Nnwogha Sudan]]) mechara n'afọ 2007,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El-Tom Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/el-tom-mohamed-el-amin-ahmed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/el-tom-mohamed-el-amin-ahmed |archive-date=2023-01-02 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.aasciences.africa |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archivedate=2023-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192429/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/el-tom-mohamed-el-amin-ahmed }}</ref> [[w:|Ahmed Hassan Fahal]] (ọkàmmụta n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Ịwa ndị mmadụ ahụ]] na Mahadum Khartoum) n'afọ 2007,<ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/s/editorial-board |website=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archivedate=2022-11-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115232051/https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/s/editorial-board }}</ref> na [[w:|Nimir Elbashir]] Ọkammụta na [[w:|Mahadum Texas A&M]] dị na Qatar n'afọ 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.qatar.tamu.edu/news-and-events/news/2022/03/23/elbashir-elected-to-sudanese-national-academy-of-sciences/tags/Faculty |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.qatar.tamu.edu |archive-date=2022-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323184935/https://www.qatar.tamu.edu/news-and-events/news/2022/03/23/elbashir-elected-to-sudanese-national-academy-of-sciences/tags/Faculty |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archivedate=2022-03-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323184935/https://www.qatar.tamu.edu/news-and-events/news/2022/03/23/elbashir-elected-to-sudanese-national-academy-of-sciences/tags/Faculty }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Tamuq faculty member elected to Sudanese National Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/713784/tamuq-faculty-member-elected-to-sudanese-national-academy-of-sciences |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Gulf Times |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427051409/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/713784/Tamuq-faculty-member-elected-to-Sudanese-National-Academy-of-Sciences |url-status=live }}</ref> === Edensibia === <references /> ===Njikọ Mpụga === * {{YouTube channel|https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbOmOz9sL-TrYazRFR5ul3A|handle=sudanesenationalacademyofs3623|text=Sudanese National Academy of Sciences}}, YouTube channel * [https://www.facebook.com/snas.org/?locale=en_GB Sudanese National Academy of Sciences], [[Facebook]] page {{Authority control}} [[Category:National academies of sciences]] [[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2005]] [[Category:2005 establishments in Sudan]] [[Category:Members of the Sudanese National Academy of Sciences|Members of the Sudanese National Academy of Sciences]] 60kql7vppn824qzto3wrdsx4yeao28q Stanley Pons 0 34598 743546 729282 2026-11-06T02:21:28Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bobby Stanley Pons''' (amụrụ n'August 23, 1943) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka electrochemist nke a maara maka ọrụ ya na Martin Fleischmann na oyi fusion na 1980s na 1990s.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/421667/nuclear-fusion/259125/Cold-fusion-and-bubble-fusion#ref917674 "Nuclear fusion"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2011, accessed May 6, 2011.</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Pons na Valdese, North Carolina. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Valdese, wee gaa Mahadum Wake Forest na Winston-Salem, North Carolina, ebe ọ gụrụ kemistri. Ọ malitere ọmụmụ PhD na kemistri na Mahadum Michigan dị na Ann Arbor, mana ọ hapụrụ tupu ya emechaa PhD. Ngụsị akwụkwọ ya rụpụtara akwụkwọ, nke jikọtara ya na Harry B. Mark, onye ndụmọdụ ya n'afọ 1967. Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times dere na ọ sụrụ ụzọ ụzọ iji tụọ ụdị mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị n'elu electrode. <ref name="broad">{{Cite news|title=Brilliance and Recklessness Seen in Fusion Collaboration|author=William J. Broad|date=1989-05-09|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE4DA163CF93AA35756C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all}}</ref>. O kpebiri ịmecha PhD ya na England na Mahadum Southampton, ebe ọ zutere Martin Fleischmann n'afo 1975. Pons bụ nwa akwụkwọ n'òtù Alan Bewick; ọ nwetara PhD ya n'afọ 1978. <ref name="broad" /> == Ọrụ == Na Machị 23, 1989, mgbe Pons bụ onyeisi oche nke ngalaba kemịkal na Mahadum Utah, <ref name="broad" /> ya na Fleischmann kwupụtara mmepụta nnwale nke "N-Fusion", nke a kpọrọ ngwa ngwa site na njikọ oyi. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fleischmann|first=M|authorlink=Martin Fleischmann|title=Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium|journal=[[J. Electroanal. Chem.]]|year=1989|volume=261|pages=301|doi=10.1016/0022-0728(89)80006-3|issue=2}}</ref> Mgbe obere oge nke otuto ọha <ref name="shamoo" /> eze gasịrị, ọtụtụ narị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwara imepụta mmetụta ahụ mana ha adaghị. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line|author=Thomas F. Gieryn|edition=illustrated|editor=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=1999|isbn=0-226-29262-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturalboundari0000gier/page/ https://books.google.com/books?id=GljD3CHbDx0C&pg=PA204 204]|url=https://archive.org/details/culturalboundari0000gier/page/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Draw the Lightning Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment|author=Michael B. Schiffer|edition=illustrated|editor=[[University of California Press]]|year=2003|isbn=0-520-23802-8|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9TuH6Lg8IasC&pg=PA207 207]}}</ref> achọpụtara <ref>{{Cite book|title=Science, Reason, and Rhetoric|author=Henry Krips|edition=illustrated|editor=[[University of Pittsburgh Press]]|year=1995|isbn=0-8229-3912-6|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FfWUte2S3Y0C&pg=PR16 xvi]}}</ref> nkwupụta ahụ enweghị ike imegharị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kpebiri na nkwupụta ndị ahụ ezughi oke na ezughi ezi. [1] [2] <ref name="shamoo">{{Cite book|title=Responsible Conduct of Research|author=Adil E. Shamoo|edition=2, illustrated|editor=[[Oxford University Press]] US|year=2003|isbn=0-19-514846-0}}</ref> <ref name="Bad">{{Cite book|author=Taubes, Gary|authorlink=Gary Taubes|title=Bad science: the short life and weird times of cold fusion|url=https://archive.org/details/badscienceshortl0000taub|publisher=Random House|location=New York|year=1993|pages=[https://archive.org/details/badscienceshortl0000taub/page/6 6]|isbn=0-394-58456-2}}</ref> <ref name="simon">{{Cite book|title=Undead Science: Science Studies and the Afterlife of Cold Fusion|url=https://archive.org/details/undeadsciencesci0000simo|author=Bart Simon|edition=illustrated|editor=[[Rutgers University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-8135-3154-3}}</ref> Pons kwagara France na 1992, ya na Fleischmann, ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha Toyota kwadoro. Ụlọ nyocha ahụ mechiri <ref name="PW">{{Cite journal|author=Voss|first=D|title=What Ever Happened to Cold Fusion|journal=Physics World|date=1999-03-01|volume=12|issue=3|pages=12–14|doi=10.1088/2058-7058/12/3/14}}</ref> 1998 mgbe itinye ego nyocha £ 12 nde na-enweghị nsonaazụ doro anya. <ref name="platt">{{Cite news|author=Platt|first=Charles|title=What if Cold Fusion is Real?|work=[[Wired Magazine]]|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.11/coldfusion.html?pg=1&topic=&topic_set=|accessdate=2008-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110171623/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.11/coldfusion.html?pg=1&topic=&topic_set=|archive-date=2009-01-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> hapụrụ nwa amaala US ya [1] wee ghọọ nwa amaala France. <ref name="wapo">{{Cite news|work=[[Washington Post]]|title=Warming Up to Cold Fusion|first=Sharon|author=Weinberger|date=2004-11-21|page=W22|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A54964-2004Nov16.html}} (page 2 of online version)</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pons, Stanley}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sg51pe9u9usrrureq000i0ilhz14ckz Sulafa Khalid Mohamed Ali 0 34603 743552 723805 2026-11-06T02:58:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Sulafa Khalid Mohamed Ali|Sugars Khalid Mohamed Ali]]''' {{Honorific suffix|country=GB|FRCPCH}} ({{Lang-ar|سلافة خالد محمد علي}}; amụrụ 24 Ọktoba 1964, na [[w:|Khartoum]]) bu nwanyị ọsụ ụzọ n'ihe gbasara ọrịa obi ụmụaka na Sudan. === Mmalite Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ Sulafa Khalid Mohamed Ali na 24 Ọktoba 1964 na [[w:|Khartoum]], Sudan. Sulafa gụchara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na [[w:|Khartoum North High School]] n'etiti 1980 na 1983. O nwetara nzere B.Med n'isi ọmụmụ ịgwọ ọrịa na [[w:|Faculty of Medicine, Mahadum Khartoum]] n'afọ 1989. Na 1995, e mere ya ka ọ sonye [[w:|Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]] wee bụrụ onye òtù n'afọ 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dọkịta Sudan meriri nturu ugo mpaghara WHO{{!}} Magazin Sudanow |url=https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=1148 |access-date=2023-02-16 |webụsaịtị=sudanow-magazine.net |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216203537/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=1148 |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-14 |archivedate=2023-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216203537/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=1148 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite webụ |title=Dr. Sulafa Khalid Ali {{!}} Naanị saịtị UofK ọzọ |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sulafa-ali/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216203911/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sulafa-ali/ |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-14 |archivedate=2023-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216203911/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sulafa-ali/ }}</ref> === Ọrụ Ya === Sulafa malitere ọzụzụ na ngalaba ahụike ya dị ka onye isi ụlọ na ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi nke Khartoum (1990–1991), tupu ọ bụrụ onye dọkịnta [[w:Pediatrics | na-agwọ ụmụaka]] bị ebi (1991–1993). N'afọ 1993, ọ kwagara [[w:|Saudi Arabia]] iji sonye na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nchebe, Riyadh, dị ka onye na-elekọta ụmụaka, tupu ya abanye na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Prince Salman, Riyadh, n'afọ 1997 dị ka ọkachamara n'ịgwọ ụmụaka, emesia ọ banye na [[w:|King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Centre]] n'afọ 1999 dị ka onye enyemaka na-enye ndụmọdụ na Fellow Pediatric Cardiology.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SULAFA KHALID MOHAMMED ALI |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sulafa-ali/wp -content/uploads/sites/631/2014/07/SULAFA-KHALID.pdf |website=UofK | nweta-date=2023-02-16 | Archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web/20230216203543/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sulafa-ali/wp-content/uploads/sites/631/2014/07/SULAFA-KHALID.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=سيدة الموقف {{!}} بروفيسور سلافة خالد محمد علي ـ إستشاري قلب الأطفال |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v23t16 |language=en |nweta-date=2023-02-03 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213250/https://www.youtube./ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-14 }}</ref> Sulafa laghachiri Sudan ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Sudan Heart Center na [[w:|Jafar Ibn Ouf Children's Hospital]] dị ka onye ndụmọdụ Pediatric [[w:Cardiology | Cardiologist]] kemgbe July 2004 na onye ọkammụta nsonye na ngalaba nke ọmụmụ ọgwụ, Mahadum Khartoum. A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ Associate na July 2008 ma mesịa bụrụ onye prọfesọ na July 2012 na Ngalaba Pediatrics na Child Health, Mahadum Khartoum.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Ọ gbaala mbọ nlekọta ọrịa obi valvular n'ọtụtụ ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ na Sudan nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma site n'ịkwalite ego na itinye ego nyocha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Organization |first=Health World |url=https://///books.google.com/books?id=VaYsDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Sulafa+Khalid+Mohamed+Ali%22+-wikipedia |title=Ahụhụ Rheumatic na Ọrịa Obi Rheumatic: Akụkọ nke ndụmọdụ ndị ọkachamara WHO, Geneva, 29 October - 1 Nọvemba, 2001 |ụbọchị=2004-02-04 |onye mbipụta=Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa |isbn=978-92-4-120923-6 |asụsụ=en |ohere-ụbọchị=2023-02-16 |Archive-ụbọchị=2023- 02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216211451/https://books.google.com/books?id=VaYsDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Sulafa+Khalid+Mohamed+Ali%22+- |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-02-16 |access-date=2026-09-12 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Khalifa |first1=M. |ikpeazu2=Ali |nke mbu=K. MA S |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sjms/article/view/101945 |akwụkwọ akụkọ=Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |asụsụ=en |mpịakọta=8 |mbipụta=3 |ibe=131–134 |issn=1858-5051 |nweta-ụbọchị=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216203535/https://www./ |url-status=live |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-12-14 }}</ref> N'afọ 2012, o hiwere mmemme Fellowship Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship na Sudan Medical Specialization Board.<ref>{{ Kpọtụrụ webụ | ikpeazụ = Abubakr | nke mbụ = Bakri | ụbọchị = 2017-03-13 | aha = استشاره طبيه ،، عملية قسطره لثقب القلب لطفله |url=http://sudaneseonline.com/board/4908/msg %a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%8c%d8 %8c%d8%8c-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%87-% d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a8-%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81% d9%84%d9%87-1489436576.html | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-02-03 | webụsaịtị = Sudaneseonline.com | asụsụ = ar | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-02-03 | archive-url = https:// web.archive.org/web/20230203213252/http://sudaneseonline.com/board/490/msg/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9 %87-%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87-%D8%8C%D8%8C%D8%8C-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a8-%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81%d9%84%d9%87-1489436576.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Sudaneseonline.com |language=ar |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213252/http://sudaneseonline.com/board/490/msg/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87-%D8%8C%D8%8C%D8%8C-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8-%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%87-1489436576.html |url-status=live }}</ref> N'aka n'aka ya na Federal Ministry of Health, o kepụtara mmemme iji jikwaa ọrịa obi valvular n'afọ 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أطفال مرضى القلب..مأساة تقتل البراءة |url=https://www.sudaress.com/alintibaha/41437 |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=سودارس |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213252/https://www.sudaress.com/alintibaha/41437 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-14 |archivedate=2023-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213255/https://www.sudaress.com/alintibaha/41437 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Announcing the World Heart Awards 2021 winners |url=https://world-heart-federation.org/news/announcing-the-world-heart-awards-2021-winners/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=World Heart Federation |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216203536/https://world-heart-federation.org/news/announcing-the-world-heart-awards-2021-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Na mgbakwunye na kọmitii ọkachamara nke WHO banyere ọrịa obi Rheumatic, ọ bụ onye òtù ọtụtụ ndị òtù sayensị mba na mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan: Dọkịta nwetara onyinye mpaghara WHO |url=https://allafrica/ |webụsaịtị=allAfrica.com |nweta-date=2023-02-16 |Archive-date=2020-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523072601/http://allafrica/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-14 |archivedate=2022-05-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523072601/http://allafrica/ }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=سيدة الموقف {{!}} بروفيسور سلافة خالد إستشاري قلب الأطفال |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFt16l23WSU |language=en |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213259/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFt16l23WSU&feature=youtu.be |url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye okike na onye isi oche nke Sudan Rheumatic Heart Disease Control Programme na Sudanese Children's Heart Society, otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-akwado ụmụaka nwere ọrịa obi. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche Pan African Network of Pediatric Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease kemgbe 2022.<ref name=":0" /> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === Enyere Sulafa ihe nrite [[w:|Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum Prize in Community Medicine]] n'afọ 1988 na Pediatrics n'afọ 1989. Ọ natakwara Nrite nke Distinguished Young Researcher si Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, n'afọ 1996. A họpụtara Sulafa dị ka onye Onye òtù [[w:|Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]] n'afọ 2006, na onye òtù [[w:|American College of Cardiology]] n'afọ 2007.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3 " /> N'ime nzukọ nke iri isii na asaa nke Kọmitii Mpaghara nke WHO maka mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Mediterranean na Cairo, Egypt, na Ọktoba 2020, Sulafa nwetara [[w:|State of Kuwait Prize for Control of Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes in Eastern Mediterranean Region]] enyemaka ya pụtara ìhè na ngalaba nke ọrịa obi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=الرئيسية |url=https://news.uofk.edu/ar/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Akụkọ |asụsụ=ar-aa |Archive-ụbọchị=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213256/https://news.uofk.edu/ar/ |url- status=live |accessdate=2023-12-14 |archivedate=2023-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213305/https://news.uofk.edu/ar/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-16 |title=بروف سلافة خالد تفوز بجائزة الصحة العالمية لإقليم البحر الأبيض المتوسط |url=https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=95254 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-14 |archivedate=2023-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213301/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=95254 }}</ref> Sulafa e nwetara ihe nrite nkwado [[w:|World Heart Federation]] n'afọ 2022 .<ref name=":1" /> === Edensibia === <references />{{Authority control}} [[Category:The State of Kuwait Prize for the Control of Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region laureates]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1964]] [[Category: Ndị òtù Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]] [[Category: Ndị òtù American College of Cardiology]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] jjxx2xr0msopaevgh4t6pwpomnvr4p2 Yahia Abdel Mageed 0 34852 743598 719212 2026-11-06T11:40:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Yahia Abdel Mageed|Yahia Abdel Mageed]]''' [[w:African Academy of Sciences|<small>FAAS</small>]] ({{lang-ar|يحيى عبدالمجيد}}, 1925–13 Disemba 2020) bụ onye minista Sudan na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Ọgbakọ Mmiri nke [[w:|United Nations]] nkw mbụ. === Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya === Yahia gụsịrị akwụkwọ dịka injinia ọrụ ọrụ site na [[w:|Gordon Memorial College]] (bụzi [[w:|Mahadum Khartoum]] ugbua) n'afọ 1950, wee nweta nzere ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|hydrology]] site na [[w:|Imperial College of Science and Technology]]. <ref>{{Cite webụ |title=sudaneseonline |url=https://sudaneseonline.com/board/30/msg/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%20%84-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%20%B3-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%89-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%25%20D8%AF-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%20%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3-1479240987.html |webụsaịtị=sudaneseonline |ụbọchị=15 Nọvemba 2016 |nweta ụbọchị=16 Nọvemba 2022 |Archive-date=16 Nọvemba 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191146/http://sudaneseonline.com/board/30/msg/%d8%a7 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-09-09 |archive-date=2022-11-16 }}</ref> === Ọrụ na Ime Nnyocha Ya === Yahia sonyeere Ministri [[w:|Irrigation and Hydro-Electric Power]] nke Sudan wee bụrụ onye Minista ya site n'afọ 1971 ruo 1976, na site n'afọ 1977 ruo 1980. N'ime afọ asatọ ndị a, o nyere aka n'iwu [[w:|Roseires Dam]], [[w:|Khashm el-Girba Dam]], na ọrụ ogbu mmiri ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye ama ama maka imegide owuwu nke mgbidi Kajabr nke nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web |ikpeazụ=hakeemtola |title=نبوكين تنعى الخبير الوطنى يحيى عبد المجيد {{!}} |url=https://///nubokeen.com/web/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%89-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89-%20%25.%2011-16 |asụsụ=ar |Archive-ụbọchị=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191154/https://nubokeen.com/web/%d9%86 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-09-09 |archive-date=2022-11-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite webụ |title=رئيس الجمهورية يزور خبير المياه الدولي يحي عبدالمجيد للاطمئنان علي صحته » Présidence de la République - Palais présidentiel |url=https://www.presidsherdency -11 -16 | webụsaịtị=www.presidency.gov.sd |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191606/https://www.presidency.gov.sd/fre/news/basherzeara |url-status=live}}</ref> [[w:|Kurt Waldheim]], onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN n'oge ahụ, họpụtara Yahia ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke nzukọ mmiri UN (UNWC), na [[w:|Mar del Plata]], Argentina, na ngwụcha Mee 1976. Yahia weghaara ọchịchị n'aka onye bu ya ụzọ, onye hapụrụ ya obere ego na [[w:Kurt Waldheim#Election and Waldheim Affair| akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nrụrụ aka]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Eow_oLgKQYC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA197 |title=U.S. Ntinye aka na UN: Akụkọ sitere n'aka Onye isi ala nye Congress maka afọ 1976. 1976 | ụbọchị = 1977 | onye nkwusa = Ngalaba Ọchịchị | asụsụ = en | nweta-date = 2023-03-25 | Archive-date = 2023-03- 25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211915/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Eow_oLgKQYC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA19 | url-status=live }}</ref> Iji nyere UNWC aka n'inyere Mageed aka n'ọnọdụ ya, [[w:|Mostafa Kamal Tolba]] nyere ego [[w:|United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) gbagoterenụ.<ref>{{Kpepụta akụkọ. | ikpeazụ = Oge | nke mbụ = Juan de Onis Pụrụ Iche na New York | ụbọchị = 1977-03-15 | aha = Njikọ Mba Nile Na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka Nzukọ Mmiri U.N. Mepere | asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/15/archives/international-cooperation-stressed-as-un-water-conference-opens.html | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |issn=0362- 4331 | archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116202108/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/15/archives/international- Cooperation-stressed-as-un-water-conference-opens.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Yahia nyere aka mere ka UNWC bụrụ otu n'ime ọgbakọ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-aga nke ọma na nke dị irè, nke UN enweela mgbe ya na ndị ya nabatara, site na nghọta ya bara uru banyere mmiri, ịbụ mmadụ dị gara gara, na nkà nlekọta mara mma. N'okwu mmeghe ya nye UNWC, Mageed kwuru:<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1976-05-21 |title=Yahia Abdel Mageed họpụtara Secretary General nke Nzukọ Mmiri Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu |url=https://digitallibrary.un .org/record/1485369 |asụsụ = ://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485369 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ1=Biswas |first1=Asit K. |url=https://books. google.com/books?id=IwXm2uUCmUcC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA5 |title=Mmetụta Megaconferences na ngalaba mmiri |last2=Tortajada |first2=Cecilia| ụbọchị = 2009-02-20 | onye nkwusa=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-540-37224-0 |asụsụ = en | ohere-ụbọchị = 2023-03-25 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-03 -25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211929/https://books.google.com/books?id=IwXm2uUCmUcC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA5 |url-status=live }}</ref><blockquote>Agaghị atụle ọgịga nke ọma nke ọgbakọ a, ọ bụghị ebe a na Mar del Plata, ọ bụghị site n'aka anyị, kama site n'ụmụ ọmụmụ anyị ha n'ime afọ iri abụọ na-abịanụ.</blockquote>Site na ụkpụrụ ndị a, ọ bụ nke na-enweghị onyinyo nke ajụjụ mgbagwoju anya na UNWC nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Tụnyere mgbe ọ bịarutere, Mageed hapụrụ UN n'ọnọdụ ka mma nke ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Photo - fc0.jpg |url=https://dam.media.un.org/asset- management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=1096&H=927 | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |website=dam.media.un.org | Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https:// web.archive.org/web/20221116195745/https://dam.media.un.org/asset-management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=1096&H=927 |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:United Nations Water Conference Opens in Mar Del Plata 2.jpg|thumb|531x531px|Kọmiti na-ahụ maka ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-enwe nnọkọ pụrụ iche nke abụọ dị ka otu nkwadebe maka ọgbakọ mmiri 1977. A na-ahụ Yahia Abdel Mageed (nke atọ site n'aka ekpe), odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Nzukọ Mmiri, na-ekwu okwu. N'aka ekpe ya bụ Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria), onye ahọpụtara ọzọ ịbụ onyeisi oche kọmitii.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Photo - fc0.jpg |url=https://dam.media.un. org/asset-management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=871&H=843 | nweta-date=2022-11-16 |webụsaịtị=dam.media.un.org | Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221116201235/https://dam.media.un.org/asset-management/2AM9LOFXRN_8?FR_=1&W=871&H=843 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Yahia, [[w:|Mostafa Kamal Tolba]], na Asit K. Biswas mere ka ahụta afọ ndị 1980 dịka afọ iri nke na-eweta mmiri na Mkpocha nke mba ụwa (IWSSD), bụ mgbe akụkụ buru ibu nke ndị bi n'ụwa ga-enweta mmiri dị ọcha na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha. Oge ole na ole ka UNWC kwusịchara, Tolba họpụtara Mageed, Gilbert White, na Biswas isonye na [[w:|International Water Resources Association]] (IWRA). Ruo mgbe [[w:Mostafa Kamal Tolba|Tolba]] hapụrụ [[w:United Nations Environment Programme|UNEP]] n'afọ 1992, bọọdụ a na-enwekarị nnọkọ, ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu ọbụla. Yahia tolitere wee bụrụ onye nkwado siri ike nke IWRA. O nwere nnukwu ọrụ na ọgbakọ mmiri dị iche iche n'ụwa nke [[w:International Water Resources Association|IWRA]] nwere na Ottawa, Cairo, na Rabat. O meriri Ntuli aka emere maka osote onye isi nke [[w:International Water Resources Association|IWRA]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last=Biswas |first=Asit K. |date=2021-05-19 |title =Yahia Abdel Mageed (1925–2021) |journal=Water International |olu=46 |issue=4 |pages=626–627 |doi=10.1080/02508060.2021.1932976 |s2cid=23576960060250 = efu }}</ref> Ọ laghachiri Sudan dị ka onye ndụmọdụ gọọmentị<ref>{{Cite news |last=Times |first=Kathleen Teltsch Special to The New York |date=1977-03-14 |title=Politics Unlikely at Water Parley |asụsụ=en-US |ọrụ=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/14/archives/politics-unlikely-at-water-parley.html |nweta-ụbọchị=2022- 11-16 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116202107/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=State |first=United States Department of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zv90WfFt1rMC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA203 |title=The Department of State Bulletin |date=1977 |publisher=Office of Public Communication, Bureau nke Ọha |asụsụ=en |nweta-ụbọchị=2023-03-25 |archive-date=2023-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224195146/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zv90WfFt1rMC&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA203 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-24 }}</ref> na [[w:|UNESCO]]<ref>{{Cite webụ | ụbọchị = 1978 | aha = Ihe ịma aka zuru ụwa ọnụ | url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000074785 | nweta-date = | webụsaịtị =unesdoc.unesco.org | archive-date=2022-11 -16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116202106/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000074785 |url-status=live}}</ref> na [[w:|Water Resources]] na [[w:|Hydrology]] gụnyere esemokwu mba ụwa gbasara [[w:Nile|Osimiri Nile]].<ref>{{Cite book | last=Tvedt |first=Terje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZ11vIK5Cs8C&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA541 |title=Osimiri Naịl na ọrụ akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọha na eze na ọdịbendị ya: Otu Akwụkwọ akụkọ nkọwa | ụbọchị = 2000 | onye mbipụta = Mahadum Bergen |isbn=978-82-7453-017-1 | asụsụ = en | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-03-25 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-03-25 | Archive -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211935/https://books.google.com/books?id=yZ11vIK5Cs8C&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA541 |url-status = ndụ }}</ref><ref>{{Ce akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Clarke |first=Robin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nb1cAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel+Mageed%22 +-wikipedia&pg=PT184 |title=Mmiri: Nsogbu Mba Nile |Ụbọchị=2013-12-16 |Onye nkwusa=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-15934-5 |asụsụ=en |ụbọchị nnabata=2023-03- 25 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211952/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nb1cAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Yahia+Abdel +Mageed%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT184 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swain |first=Ashok |date=1997 |title=Ethiopia, Sudan na Egypt : Esemokwu Osimiri Naịl |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/162009 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |olu=35 |issue=4 |pages=675–694 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X97002577 |jstor=162009 |s2cid=154735027 |issn=0022-278X |nweta-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2023-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101052117/https://www.jstor.org/stable/162009 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=2023-12-24 }}</ref> === Ọnwụ Ya === Yahia nwụrụ na Khartoum, Sudan, site na mkpatara osinachi, na mgbede nke 13 Disemba 2020, ọ gbara afọ iri itoolu na ise.<ref>{{Cite web |ikpeazụ=التحرير |first=فريق |date=2020-12-16 |title=حمدوك ينعي يحيى عبد المجيد وزير الري الأسبق - السودان اليوم |url=https://almashhadalsudani.com/sudan-news/sudan-today/26823/ |Access-date=2022-11-16 |7= |asụsụ=ar |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191129/https://almashhadalsudani.com/sudan-news/sudan-taa/26823 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-24 |archivedate=2022-11-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116191129/https://almashhadalsudani.com/sudan-news/sudan-today/26823/ }}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === Yahia bụ onye tọrọ ntọala nke [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] (1985)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mageed Yahyia Abdel {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/ |nweta-ụbọchị=2022-11-16 |webụsaịtị=www.aasciences.africa |Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223231509/https://aasciences.africa/ |url-status=bot: unknown |accessdate=2023-12-24 |archivedate=2023-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725180932/https://www.aasciences.africa/ }}</ref> enyekwara ya [[w:|IWRA Crystal Drop Award]] n'afọ 1991. <ref name=":0" /> === Akwụkwọ Ndị O Bipụtara Ahọpụtara=== * M Falkenmark, G Lindh, RG Tanner, '''YA Mageed''' (2019). [[doi:10.4324/9780429267260|Water For a Starving World]]. doi:10.4324/9780429267260. * '''YA Mageed'''. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Asit-Biswas-2/publication/364354762_International_Waters_of_the_Middle_East_From_Euphrates-Tigris_to_Nile/links/634ed5b312cbac6a3ed7362f/International-Waters-of-the-Middle-East-From-Euphrates-Tigris-to-Nile.pdf The Nile Basin: Lessons from the Past]. Water Resources Management Series:2,1page 56-185. * '''Yahia Abdel Mageed''' (1993-01-01). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900629308722581 ''Environmentally sound water management and development'']. [[International Journal of Water Resources Development]]. 9 (2): 155–165. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07900629308722581|10.1080/07900629308722581]]. ISSN 0790-0627. * '''Yahia Abdel Mageed''' (1984). ''[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900628408722316 The Jonglei canal: A conservation project of the Nile].'' International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2 (2–3): 85–101. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07900628408722316|10.1080/07900628408722316]]. ISSN 0790-0627. === Hụkwa === * [[Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih]] * [[Elfatih Eltahir]] === Ịgụrụ Gawa === Biswas, Asit K. (2021-05-19). ''[[doi:10.1080/02508060.2021.1932976|Yahia Abdel Mageed (1925–2021)]]''. [[Water International]]. 46 (4): 626–627. doi:10.1080/02508060.2021.1932976. ISSN 0250-8060 === Edensibia === <references /> === Njikọ Mpụga === * [https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=Yahia+Abdel+Mageed&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart Yahia Abdel Mageed], in [[Google Scholar]]. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mageed, Yahia Abdel}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ n'afọ 1925]] [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2020]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị òtù ntọala nke African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Gordon Memorial College]] pdamznsn6bh7h620qila5cdzbls35i5 Sami Ahmed Khalid 0 34855 743519 723576 2026-11-05T22:17:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Sami Ahmed Khalid|Sami Ahmed Khalid]]''' <small>[[w:African Academy of Sciences|FAAS]] [[w:The World Academy of Sciences|FTWAS]]</small>({{lang-ar|سامى أحمد خالد}}) bụ Ọkammụta si mba Sudan n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|pharmacognosy]] sitere na [[w:University of Science and Technology (Sudan)|Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sami Ahmed Khalid |url=https:// scholar.google.com/citations?user=vRcHHLwAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=scholar.google.com |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https:// web.archive.org/web/20221116143157/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vRcHHLwAAAAJ&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AuthorAID - Nduzi na imekota |url=https://www.authoraid.info/en/mentoring/contact/6411/ |nweta-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.authoraid.info |archive-date=2022- 11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114194752/https://www.authoraid.info/en/mentoring/contact/6411/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-23 |archivedate=2022-11-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114194752/https://www.authoraid.info/en/mentoring/contact/6411/ }}</ref> === Mmalite Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ Khalid na [[w:|Omdurman], Sudan. Ọ gụchara ma nweta nzere B.Sc na M.Sc ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|pharmacognosy]] site na [[w:|Mahadum Szeged]] n'etiti afọ 1968 na 1974. Ọ laghachiri na Sudan wee sonye na ngalaba nke Pharmacognosy na Mahadum Khartoum n'afọ 1977 dị ka onye nkuzi inyeaka.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Abdenour |first=Ait Ahmed |title=سيرة 1ذاتية..البروفيسور سامى احمد خالد احمد مصطفى |url=http://fahmed71.blogspot.com/101 .html |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=مدونة الإعلامية عفاف احمد الطاهر |language=Arabic |archive-date=2022-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web. /20221114194739/http://afafahmed71.blogspot.com/2017/11/1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Loop {{!}} Sami Ahmed Khalid |url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/457377/overview |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=loop.frontiersin.org | Archive-date=2022-11-16 | Archive- url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116135935/https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/457377/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> Khalid malitere ịchụso nzere PhD ya na 1979 na ngalaba [[w:|Pharmaceutical Chemistry]], na Mahadum Strathclyde, wee gụchaa n'afọ 1982. Ọ laghachiri na Sudan ọzọ wee sonye na Ngalaba Pharmacognosy na Mahadum Khartoum dịka Ọkammụta enyemaka. Ọ ghọrọ ọkammụta osote n'afọ 1985, e wee nye ya ihe nrite ịbụ onye òtù [[w:Alexander von Humboldt Foundation|Alexander von Humboldt]] sitere na Ngalaba Structural Chemistry, [[w:|Mahadum Ruhr, Bochum]], n'afọ 1987. O mechara laghachi Sudan ka ọ bụrụ ọkammụta na Mahadum Khartoum n'afọ 1992.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Khalid Sami Ahmed {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/ khalid-sami-ahmed | nweta-ụbọchị = 2022-11-14 | webụsaịtị = www.aasciences.africa | Archive-date=2022-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 20221114194745/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/khalid-sami-ahmed |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite webụ |title=Curriculum vitae. Sami Ahmed Khalid, Ph.D |url=https://kipdf.com/curriculum-vitae-sami-ahmed-khalid-phd_5ab791631723dd349c81e8e3.html |nweta-date=2022-11-16 |website=kipdf.com |5=en |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116135937/https://kipdf.com/curriculum-vitae-sami-ahmed-khalid-phd_5ab7916341728 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-12-23 }}</ref> Khalid ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba ọmụmụ mmepụta na orire ọgwụ n'etiti afọ 1992 na 1994. Dị ka ebe Nọvemba 2022, Khalid bụ onye isi ngalaba ọmụmụ mmepụta na orire ọgwụ na [[w:|Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ (Sudan)]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite webụ |title=sami {{!}} Naanị saịtị UofK ọzọ |url=http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sami/blog/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |ụbọchị-nchekwa=2022-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114194743/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sami/blog/ |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-23 |archivedate=2022-11-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114194743/http://staffpages.uofk.edu/sami/blog/ }}</ref ><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sami Khalid |url=https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/author-profile/sami-khalid-67846 |website=walshmedicalmedia |date=25 Nọvemba 2019 |nweta-date=2022-11-16 |Archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116143159/https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/author-profile/sami- |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2022-11-16 }}</ref> Khalid bụ onye ndụmọdụ sayensị nye [[w:|International Foundation for Science]] (IFS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=AuthorAID - Mentoring and Collaboration |url=https://www.authoraid.info/en/mentoring /contact/6411/ | nweta-ụbọchị = 2022-11-14 | webụsaịtị = www.authoraid.info | Archive-date=2022-11-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 20221114194746/https://www.authoraid.info/en/mentoring/contact/6411/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === A họpụtara Khaid ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù [[w:|World Health Organisation]],<ref name=":12" /> onye òtù [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] (FAAS) n'afọ 2014,<ref name=":0" /> na onye òtù [[w:The World Academy of Sciences|The Word Academy of Sciences]] (FTWAS) n'afọ 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khalid, Sami Ahmed |url=https://twas .org/directory/khalid-sami-ahmed | nweta-date=2022-11-14 |website=TWAS |asụsụ = .org/web/20221114194738/https://twas.org/directory/khalid-sami-ahmed |url-status=live }}</ref> === Akwụkwọ Ndị O bipụtara Ahọpụtara === {{Scholia}} * Thomas Jürgen Schmidt, '''Sami A Khalid''', AJ Romanha, Tânia Maria de Almeida Alves, Maique Weber Biavatti, Reto Brun, FB Da Costa, Solange Lisboa de Castro, Vitor Francisco Ferreira, MVG De Lacerda, JH Lago, LL Leon, Norberto Peporine Lopes, RC das Neves Amorim, Michael Niehues, Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe, Adrian Martin Pohlit, Marcus Tullius Scotti, William N Setzer, Soeiro M de NC, Mário Steindel, Andre Gustavo Tempone (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240414213552/https://www.lavierebelle.org/IMG/pdf/2012_the_potential_of_secondary_metabolites_from_plants_against_protozoan_neglected_diseases_-_part_ii.pdf ''The potential of secondary metabolites from plants as drugs or leads against protozoan neglected diseases-part II,''] [[Current Medicinal Chemistry|Curr. Med. Chem]], 19:14 2128–2175. * '''Sami A Khalid''', Helmut Duddeck, Manuel Gonzalez-Sierra (1989/9). ''[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/np50065a002 Isolation and characterization of an antimalarial agent of the neem tree Azadirachta indica]''. [[Journal of Natural Products]], 52:5 922–927. * '''Sami A Khalid''', Asim Farouk, Timothy G Geary, James B Jensen (1986/2/1). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037887418690156X ''Potential antimalarial candidates from African plants: an in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum'']. [[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]], 15:2 201–209. * Ahmed El Tahir, Gwiria MH Satti, '''Sami A Khalid''' (1999/3/1). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874198001299 Antiplasmodial activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell]. [[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]], 64:3 227–233. * Ahmed El‐Tahir, Gwiria MH Satti, '''Sami A Khalid''' (1999/9). [https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=vRcHHLwAAAAJ&citation_for_view=vRcHHLwAAAAJ:k_IJM867U9cC ''Antiplasmodial activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis onAcacia nilotica'']. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 13:6 474–478. === Edensibia === {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category: Ndị òtù TWAS]] [[Category: Ndị òtù African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ afọ ọmụmụ ha na-efu efu ]] [[Category: Ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba Sudan]] [[Category:Sudanese Arabs]] 3re0b2nvgzmv6z0gdn7702bpvvjyz7g Samar Badawi 0 35251 743517 146783 2026-11-05T22:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Samar bint Muhammad Badawi|Samar bint Muhammad Badawi]]'''<ref name="HRFS" /> ({{lang-ar|سمر بدوي}}; amụrụ 28 Jun 1981)<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /><ref name="HRW_legalcase" Emir247_Badawi_freed" /> bụ onye Saudi Arabia onye na-ekwuchite ọnụ maka ikike mmadụ.<ref name="teleg_w2d_vs_Interior" /> Ya na nna ya<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /><ref name="BBC_Badawi_abused" /> gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọikpe megide onwe ha. Nna Badawi boro ya ebubo na ọ na-enupụ isi n'okpuru [[w:Women's rights in Saudi Arabia#Male guardianship| usoro ụkpụrụ nchekwa nwoke]] nke Saudi Arabia, yanwa bokwa nna ya ebubo "adhl" - "na ọ na-eme ka ọ sie ike ma ọ bụ ghara ikwe omume ka mmadụ, karịsịa nwanyị, inwe ihe ọ chọrọ, ma ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ka ọ nwee; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikike ya ịlụ dị" dịka iwu Islam siri kwuo {{clarify|date=August 2018}}—maka ịjụ ikwe ka ọ lụọ di.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Mgbe Badawi hapụrụ igosi onwe ya n'ọtụtụ ụbọchị ikpe gbasara ebubo ahụ, e nyere ikike ijichi ya, ma tụọ Badawi mkpọrọ na 4 Eprel 2010.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Na Julaị 2010, [[w:|Ụlọ ikpe Jeddah]] kere ikpe kaara Badawi, e wee tọhapụ ya na 25 Ọktoba 2010,<ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> ma nyefee ya n'aka nwanne nna ya.<ref name="Emir247_Badawi_freed" /> Enweela nkwado nke obodo na nke mba ụwa na-ekwu maka ntọhapụ ya. [[W:Saudi Non-governmental Organization| Ụlọ Ọrụ n'abụghị gọọmenti nwe ya (NGO)]] nke mba Saudi bụ [[w:|Human Rights First Society]] kọwara mkpọrọ atụrụ Badawi dịka "Njichi na-akpasu iwe na-esoghi na Iwu"<ref name="HRFS" /> Badawi gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe maka [[w:Legal system of Saudi Arabia#Court structure| Bọọdụ mkpesa]] megide [[w:Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia | Ministry of Municipal and Rural affairs]] maka ịjụ ndebanye aha ya maka [[2011 Saudi Arabian municipal elections| ntuli aka mpaghara nke afọ 2011]].<ref name="sgazette_badawi_elections" /> O sonye na [[w:Women to drive movement#2011–2012 women driving campaign |2011–2012 mkpọtụ ụmụ nwanyị maka ịnya ụgbọ ala]] site n'ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe nile kemgbe Jun 2011 na inyere ndị inyom na-anya ụgbọ ala aka n'okwu ha na ndị uwe ojii na usoro ụlọikpe.<ref name="NBC4I_Sep2011_W2D" /> Na Nọvemba 2011, ya na [[w:|Manal al-Sharif]] gbara akwụkwọ na Bọọdụ mkpesa megide [[w:|Saudi Arabian General Directorate of Traffic]] maka ịjụ ndebanye aha ha maka inweta akwụkwọ ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala.<ref name="Indep_w2d_vs_Interior" /><ref name="teleg_w2d_vs_Interior" /><ref name="Bloomberg_w2d_vs_Interior" /> N'abalị 8 Maachị 2012, e nyere Badawi ihe nrite sitere n'aka [[w:|United States Department of State]] maka ihe ntinye ya n'okwu ikike ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="USStateDept_award" /><ref name="USStateDept_award_tv" /> N'afọ 2018, ndị ọchịchị Saudi nwụchiri ya ọzọ.<ref name=globalnews>[https://globalnews.ca/news/4372563/saudi-arabia-expels-canada-ambassador/ Saudi Arabia expels Canada’s ambassador, freezes trade with Ottawa], 5 August 2018</ref> Arịrịọ Canada ka ahapụ ya ozugbo kpalitere [[w:Canada-Saudi Arabia relations|nnukwu esemokwu mba na mba n'etiti Canada na Saudi Arabia]]. === Nnupu isi ya na ikpe ụlọ ikpe "adhl" === A na-ebo ebubo na nna Samar Badawi nọ na-awakpo ya n'ike ruo afọ iri na ise.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /><ref name="BBC_Badawi_abused" /> Nne ya nwụrụ tupu ọnwa Ọktoba 2010.<ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> N'ọnwa Maachị 2008, ọ gbapụrụ gbaga na [[w:| ụlọ nchekwa ụmụ nwanyị]] na [[w:|Jeddah]].<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Dị ka nwoke na-elekọta ya n'okpuru [[w:Women's rights in Saudi Arabia#Male guardianship|usoro nchekwa nwoke]], nna Badawi gbara ya akwụkwọ maka inupụrụ ya isi. [[W:|Saudi Public Prosecutions and Investigation Bureau]] wepụrụ ebubo a.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Nna Badawi boro ya ebubo nnupụisi ọzọ n'afọ 2009. Badawi hapụrụ igosi onwe ya n'ubochi usoro ụlọikpe ụfọdụ. N'ọnwa Juun, Onyeikpe Abdullah al-'Uthaim nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijichi ya. N'ọnwa Julaị, o si n'ụlọ nchekwa ndị inyom kwaga n'ụlọ nwanne ya nwoke. Nnyocha na-abụghị nke ụlọikpe sitere na [[w:|Protection Home]] gosiri na "Nna Badawi kụrụ ya ihe ma gwa ya okwu ọnụ ọjọọ, jiri ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, nwee nwunye iri na anọ, ego ya agwụ, gbanwee ọrụ ọ na-arụ ugboro ugboro, ma bụrụ enyi ndị 'òtù ndị ọjọọ.' <ref name= "HRW_legalcase" /> Badawi chọrọ ịlụ di. Nna ya jụrụ ajụ. Badawi wee gbaa nna ya akwụkwọ ''[[adhl]]'' n'ihi ọjụjụ ọ jụrụ ka ọ lụọ di, rịọ ka e wepụ ọkwa nna ya dị ka onye nlekọta ya.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /><ref name="Emir247_Badawi_freed" " /> Dị ka [[w:|Human Rights Watch]] si kwuo, Badawi gbara akwụkwọ ebubo ''adhl'' megide nna ya mgbe nna ya gbachara akwụkwọ ebubo nnupụisi megide ya.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Dị ka ''[[w:|Arab News]] si kwuo'', nna Badawi gbara akwụkwọ ebubo nnupụisi ahụ dịka "ịgba akwụkwọ mgbagharị" megide akwụkwọ ebubo ''adhl'' Badawi gbara ya.<ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> Mgbe ọ gara ụlọikpe maka ikpe ''adhl'' na Eprel 4, 2010, ejidere ya n'ihi akwụkwọ ikike e nyere maka ebubo nnupụisi eboro ya.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> E jichiri Badawi na [[w:|Briman Prison]] na Jeddah.<ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> Na 18 Julaị 2010, [[w:|Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud]], bụ gọvanọ [[w:|Mpaghara Makkah]], tụrụ aro ịmepụta kọmitii iji "kpee udo n'etiti nna na ada ya site n'ikwe ya nkwa na ya agaghị eme ihe ike megide ya, ikwe ka ọ lụọ di, nakwa na ọ gaghị agba akwụkwọ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ọ na-enweghị ike igosi."<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Na Julaị 2010, a mara nna Badawi ikpe ''adhl'' site na [[w:General Court, Jeddah | Jeddah General Court]].<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> N'etiti Ọktoba 2010, ikpe nnupụisi megide Badawi ka ghe oghe, nna Badawi ewee tinye akwụkwọ mkpesa megide nsonaazụ nke ikpe ụlọikpe ''adhl''.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> Na 18 Ọktoba 2010, [[w:|Supreme Judicial Council of Saudi Arabia]] gwara onye ọka iwu Badawi bụ [[w:Waleed Abulkhair|Abu al-Khair]] na ha ga-enyocha izi ezi nke ikpe abụọ ahụ.<ref name="HRW_legalcase" /> [[w:|Human Rights First Society]], òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ruuru mmadụ nke Saudi Arabia [[w:Non-governmental Organization | NGO]], kọwara mkpọrọ atụrụ Badawi dị ka "mkpọchi jọgburu onwe ya n'ụlọnga".<ref name="HRFS" /> Ndị na-ekwuchite ọnụ maka ikike ndị mmadụ ndị si Saudi Arabia na mba ụwa ndị ọzọ gbasakwara ka a tọhapụ Badawi.<ref name="Emir247_Badawi_freed" /> Badawi nyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'aka [[w:|National Society for Human Rights]], òtù NGO na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nwere nkokọ na gọọmentị, na-arịọ ka ọ ghara ịlọghachikwute nna ya na "na-eme ka ụzọ ya n'alụmdi na nwunye dị mfe"<ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> N'abalị 25 Ọktoba 2010,<ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> Badawi ka a tọhapụrụ site n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'iwu nke Gọvanọ Khalid bin Faisal. Otu nwanne nna n'akụkụ nna ya ghọziri onye nlekọta nwoke ọhụrụ ya.<ref name="Emir247_Badawi_freed" /><ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed" /> Na Septemba 2014, Badawi gara nnọkọ mkparịta ụka nke [[w:|United Nations Human Rights Council]] na Geneva, bụ ebe ọ nọ kwuo banyere ọnọdụ ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ na Saudi Arabia. === Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị === {{main|Saudi Arabian municipal elections, 2011#Women.27s participation}} Badawi degakwara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe gbasara [[w:|nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị]]. Ọ gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe [[w:Judiciary of Saudi Arabia#Non-Sharia tribunals|Bọọdụ Mkpesa]], ụlọ ikpe na-abụghị [[w:|Sharia]],<ref name="Metz_KSA_legal_system" /> megide [[w:Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia | Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs]], n'ihi ọjụjụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndebanye aha ndị mmadụ maka ntuli aka idebanye aha ya maka [[w:2011 Saudi Arabian municipal election|ntuli aka ime obodo nke Septemba 2011 na Saudi Arabia]], na-azọrọ na ọ dịghị iwu na-amachibido ụmụ nwanyị iwu dị ka ndị ntuli aka ma ọ bụ ndị ga-apụta ka atụnyere ha, na ọjụjụ ahụ megidere iwu. O zoro aka na edemede 3 na 24 nke [[w:|Arab Charter on Human Rights]], nke na-ezo aka na mkpochapụ izugbe na ntuli aka kpọmkwem, n'otu n'otu. Badawi rịọrọ bọọdụ mkpesa ka ha kwụsịtụgodi usoro ntuli aka ruo mgbe bọọdụ mkpebi ga-ekpebi ma nye ndị ọrụ ntuli aka iwu ka ha debanye aha ya n'akwụkwọ dịka onye ntuli aka na dịka onye tozuru oke ịbụ onye a ga-atụnyere. N'abalị 27 Eprel 2011, bọọdụ mkpesa nakweere ikpe ya n'oge ọzọ.<ref name="sgazette_badawi_elections" /> Nkpebi ikpe ikpeazụ nke bọọdụ ahụ bụ na ikpe Badawi bụ nke "akaghị aka."<ref name="sgazette_badawi_elections_decision" /> Dịka [[w:|United States Department of State]] si kwuo, Badawi bụ onye mbụ gbara akwụkwọ maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị na ntuli aka na Saudi Arabia.<ref name="USStateDept_award" /> Badawi tinyekwara akwụkwọ na kọmitii mkpegharị ntuli aka ime obodo ka ha gbanwee ọjụjụ ajụrụ ya idebanye aha ya. Ajụrụ akwụkwọ ozi mkpesa ya n'ihi na a ga-emerịrị akwụkwọ mkpesa megide ọjụjụ ndebanye aha n'ime ụbọchị atọ nke ọjụjụ ahụ.<ref name="sgazette_badawi_elections_decision" /> === 2011–2012 mkpọsa ụmụ nwanyị ịnya ụgbọala === N'afọ 2011 na 2012, Badawi sonyeere na [[w:Women to drive movement#2011–2012 women driving campaign|2011–2012 mkpọsa ụmụ nwanyị ịnya ụgbọ ala]]. Kemgbe ihe omume mkpọsa bụ isi na June 2011, Badawi na-anya ụgbọ ala na Jeddah "kwa ụbọchị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ"<ref name="NBC4I_Sep2011_W2D" /> O nyeere ndị inyom ndị ọzọ na-anya ụgbọ ala aka na mmetụta okwunụka ha na ndị uwe ojii na ụlọikpe. Badawi kwuru na enweghị ihe ndabere iwu kwadoro maka ikpe ụmụnwaanyị maka ebubo ịkwọ ụgbọala. Ọ kọwara ọnọdụ ikike ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwu, "A na-akpachapụ anyị n'akụkụ ma abịa n'ikike ndị bụ isi. Ha chere na site n'inye anyị ụfọdụ ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, anyị ga-enwe mmasị ma mechie ọnụ."<ref name="NBC4I_Sep2011_W2D" /> N'ubochi 4 Febụwarị, na-eso akwụkwọ [[w:|Manal al-Sharif]] gbara n'ụlọ ikpe na Nọvemba 2011 na [[w:Eastern Province Grievances Board | Kọmitii Mkpesa]] [[w:Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia|mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ]] megide [[w:General Directorate of Traffic, Saudi Arabia|General Directorate of Traffic]] maka ịjụ ịnabata ntinye akwụkwọ ya inweta akwụkwọ ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala,<ref name="Indep_w2d_vs_Interior" /><ref name="teleg_w2d_vs_Interior" /><ref name="Bloomberg_w2d_vs_Interior" /> Badawi gbara ha otu ụdị akwụkwọ ebubo yiri nke ahụ maka ịjụ ịnye ya akwụkwọ ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala.<ref name="alNafjan_badawi_filed_4Feb" /> Ụlọ ọrụ mkpesa nke Ministry of Interior gwara Badawi ka ọ "sochie azụ n'ime otu izu"<ref name= "teleg_w2d_vs_Interior" /> === Ihe nrite Ya Na mba ụwa === N'ụbọchị 8 Maachị 2012, Samar Badawi nwetara onyinye nturu ugo [[w:|International Women of Courage Award]] site n'aka [[w:|United States Department of State]] maka ntinye akwụkwọ ''adhl'' na ikpe ikike ịtụ vootu, nke Ngalaba Steeti hụrụ dị ka ọsụ ụzọ, nakwa maka agbamume ya na mkpali mmụọ ya nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ.<ref name="USStateDept_award" /><ref name="USStateDept_award_tv" /> === 2014 mmachibido iwu njem === N'ụbọchị 16 Septemba 2014, Badawi gara nnọkọ mkparịta ụka nke [[w:|United Nations Human Rights Council]] na Geneva, n'aha nzukọ [[w:|Americans for Democracy and human rights in Bahrain]] (ADHRB) nakwa [[w:|Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy (BIRD)]] ya na [[w:|Human Rights Watch]] na Saudi Arabia. Ihe ngosi ya gbadoro ụkwụ na ọnọdụ ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ na Saudi Arabia, na njichi nke di ya bụkwa okwuchit-ọnụ [[w:|Waleed Abulkhair]]. N'ụbọchị 18 Septemba 2014, mgbe ọ nọ na [[w:|Council of Human Rights]] na Geneva, Badawi zutere Kọmishọna Ukwu maka Ikike Mmadụ, [[w:|Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad]]. N'ụbọchị 20 Septemba 2014, Badawi fegara mba US, ebe ọ zutere ndị omebe iwu US na ndị odeakwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ òtù n'ahụ maka ikike ndị ruuru mmadụ iji kpaa nkata maka di ya Waleed Abulkhair na ndị ọzọ eji eji. N'oge ahụ, Badawi kwuru na ya nwetara iyi egwu kpọmkwem site n'aka odeakwụkwọ nke Minista mba ofesi nke Saudi Arabia na ọ ga-akwụsị ọrụ ịlụ ọgụ maka ikike mmadụ ya ma ọ bụghị ya, a ga-eme ihe megide ya. O mechara laghachi Saudi Arabia n'emeghị ihe ọ bụla, n'abụghị na ndị ọchịchị obodo weere paspọtụ ya. N'ụbọchị 2 Disemba 2014, Badawi gara ọ́dụ̀ ụgbọ elu King Abdulaziz, ịhapụ Saudi Arabia gawa Brussels, Belgium, isonye na [[w:|European Union (EU) NGOs Forum on Human Rights]] nke iri na isii ya. Ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ paspọtụ kwuru na Mịnịstrị nke ime obodo nyere iwu mmachibido njem na agaghị ekwe ka ọ gaa mba ọzọ. EU kpọtụụrụ ndị ọchịchị Saudi ka ha chọọ nkọwapụta ihe kpatara mmachibido iwu a.<ref name="europa_badawi_travel_ban" /> === Njichi Ya nke Jenụwarị 2016 === Na mgbasa ozi ndị ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi [[w:Amnesty International USA|Amnesty International]] mere n'ụbọchị 12 Jenụwarị 2016, ha kwuru <ref name=AIJan2016>{{cite web|title=Jide onye na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ bụ Samar Badawi na Saudi Arabia mbọ ọhụrụ iji maja ndị na-eme ihe nkiri|url= http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/arrest-of-human-rights-defender-samar-badawi-in-saudi-arabia-latest-attempt-to-intimidate-activists|website=Amnesty International USA|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=13 Jenụarị 2016|date=12 Jenụarị 2016}}</ref> na e jidere Samar Badawi ma kpọga ya na nwa ya nwanyị dị afọ abụọ bụ Joud n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii na Jeddah ebe a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ. Mgbe awa anọ gachara, e bugara Badawi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ [[w:|Dhahban Central Prison]], bụ otu ụlọ mkpọrọ ebe nwanne ya nwoke, onye mgbagha Saudi [[w:|Raif Badawi]] nọ.<ref name=GuardianJan16>{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1 =Jessica|title = Nwanne nwanyị onye na-ede blọgụ Saudi Raif Badawi jidere ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/12/samar-badawi-sister-blogger-raif-badawi- arrest-saudi-arabia|website=The Guardian|onye nkwusa=Guardian News and Media Limited|access-date=13 Jenụarị 2016|language=en|ụbọchị=12 Jenụarị 2016}}</ref> Na 13 Jenụwarị, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi "The Guardian" dere na '' "Ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike ndị mmadụ" kwuru na "agbapụtala Samar Badawi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Dhaban ka ejidechara ya nw'obere oge" ''. Ekwuru na ya na nwa ya nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ, mana e nyere ya iwu ka ọ gaa na nke ndị uwe ojii na Jeddah na mbido 14 Jenụwarị maka ịgbatukwu ya ajụjụ ọzọ.<ref name=Guardian>{{citeweb|last1=Murphy|first1=Jessica|last2=Black |first2=Ian|title = Nwanne onye na-ede blọgụ Saudi Raif Badawi ejidere obere oge n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/12/samar-badawi-sister-blogger-raif-badawi -arrested-saudi-arabia|website=Guardian.com|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|access-date=13 Jenụarị 2016|language=en|ụbọchị=13 Jenụwarị 2016}}</ref> Philip Luther, onye isi òtù [[w:|Amnesty International, Middle East and North Africa Programme]] kpọrọ njide Badawawi "... ihe ndọghachi azụ ọzọ dị egwu n'ịlụ ọgụ ikike ndị mmadụ na Saudi Arabia [na-egosi] ókè dị ogologo nke ndị ọchịchị dị njikere ịgaru na mkpọsa ha na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị iji kpagbuo ma na-emenye ndị na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ egwu ka ha gba nkịtị na nrube-isi."<ref name="AIJan2016" /> [[w:|Ensaf Haidar]], nwunye nwanne Samar na Onye isi oche nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011435/http://www.fondationraifbadawi.org/ Raif Badawi Foundation], kwadoro. akụkọ banyere njide Samar Badawi site na Twitter.<ref name=Tweet1>{{cite tweet|number=686936660412641283|user=miss9afi|title=Ebufere: #Samar_Badawi e bufere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ etiti Dhahran, ebe ma #Raif_Badawi na #Waleed_Abulkha nọ. <!-- ederede zuru oke nke tweet na Twitter laghachiri na bot (ewezuga njikọ) nke TweetCiteBot gbakwunyere. Nke a nwere ike ịkacha mma ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịgbasa (TW na-amachi nzaghachi na mkpụrụedemede 140) ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ikpe. --> |accessdate=13 Jenụwarị 2016|date=12 Jenụarị 2016}}</ref><ref name=Tweet2>{{cite tweet|number=686936446603804673|user=miss9afi|title=Ọsọ ngwa ngwa: #Samar_Badawi e jidere na onye ahụ. ụgwọ nke iduzi @WaleedAbulkhair twitter account.<!-- ederede zuru oke nke tweet na Twitter laghachiri na bot (ewezuga njikọ) nke TweetCiteBot gbakwunyere. Nke a nwere ike ịkacha mma ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịgbasa (TW na-amachi nzaghachi na mkpụrụedemede 140) ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ikpe. --> |accessdate=13 Jenụarị 2016|ụbọchị=12 Jenụarị 2016}}</ref> [[w:|Center for Inquiry]], ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị nke gọọmenti America hiwere, kpọrọ oku ka ahapụ ya ozugbo, wee jụọ [[w:|US Department of State]] ka " ha mee ka ọ pụta ìhè bụ ike ọchịchị mba ha nwere ịpị Saudi Arabia ịhapụ Samar."<ref name="GuardianJan16" /><ref name=CFIjan2016>{{cite web| last1=Fidalgo|first1=Paul|title= Centre maka ajụjụ chọrọ ka ahapụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Saudi Arabia Samar Badawi|url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/newsroom/release_samar_badawi/|website=Center for Ajuju|onye nkwusa=Center maka ajụjụ| nweta-ụbọchị=13 Jenụwarị 2016|ụbọchị =12 Jenụwarị 2016}}</ref> Onye na-ekwuchitere [[w:Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia) | Saudi Interior Ministry]], Maj. Gen. Mansour Turki, gọrọ ebubo na e jidere Badawi.<ref name=NYTjan2016 >{{cite web| last1=Hubbard|first1=Ben|title=Saudi Arabia nwụchiri Samar Badawi, onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/saudi- arabia-arrests-samar-badawi-human-rights-advocate.html?_r=0|website=The New York Times|access-date=13 Jenụarị 2016|ụbọchị=12 Jenụarị 2016}}</ref> === Njichi Ya nke Julaị 2018 === Dị ka [[w:|Human Rights Watch]] (HRW) si kwuo, ndị ọchịchị Saudi nwụchiri Samar Badawi, tinyere [[w:|Nassima al-Sadah]] n'ụbọchị 30 Julaị.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/ isiokwu/us-saudi-arrests/saudi-arabia-ejide-mmadụ-abụọ-more-ụmụ nwanyị-right-activists-right-group-idUSKBN1KM564 Saudi Arabia nwụchiri mmadụ abụọ ọzọ na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị: otu ikike]</ref> A kpọchiri ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Dhahban Central Prison.<ref name =amnesty>{{cite web |title=Saudi Arabia: Akụkọ banyere mmekpa ahụ na iyi egwu mmekọahụ nke ndị na-akwado ejidere |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/ 11/saudi-arabia-akụkọ-nke-ahụhụ-na-mmadụ-mmadụ-nke-detained-activists/ |website=amnesty.org |date=20 Nọvemba 2018 | onye mbipụta =[[Amnesty International]] | nweta-ụbọchị = 21 Nọvemba 2018 |language=en}}</ref> N'ịgbaso nkatọ na oku ọ kpọrọ ka a tọhapụ Badawi n'akụkụ nke Minista Canada n'ahụ maka Ihe n'eme na mba ofesi [[w:|Chrystia Freeland]], Saudi Arabia chụpụrụ onye nnọchianya Canada, ma kwụsị azụmahịa ha na Canada.<ref name=globalnews/> === Ntọhapụ Ya === N'ụbọchị 27 Jun 2021, a tọhapụrụ Badawi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ka ọ nọchara oge mkpọrọ ya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi Arabia tọhapụrụ ndị inyom abụọ na-eme ihe ike, ka ndị ọrụ ikike |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/ kwuru. Middle-east/saudi-arabia-releases-abụọ-ụmụ nwanyị-ndị na-eme ihe-ike-kwuru-rights-group-2021-06-27/ |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=Reuters |date=27 June 2021}} </ref> === Hụkwa === * [[Women's rights in Saudi Arabia]] * [[Saudi Americans]] * [[2011 Saudi Arabian protests]] * [[Dina Ali]] * [[Islamic feminism|Islamic Feminism]] * [[Sara bint Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] * [[Hamza Kashgari]] * [[Mishaal bint Fahd bin Mohammed Al Saud]] * [[Nassima al-Sadah]] * [[Walid Fitaihi]] === Edensibia === {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="Emir247_Badawi_freed">{{cite news | title=Saudi woman jailed for disobeying father freed – Governor of the Makkah region ordered the release of Samar Badawi | date=2010-10-26 | publisher=[[Emirates 24/7]]/[[Agence France Presse]] | url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/saudi-woman-jailed-for-disobeying-father-freed-2010-10-26-1.309163 |access-date=2012-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515130655/http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/saudi-woman-jailed-for-disobeying-father-freed-2010-10-26-1.309163 |archive-date=2011-05-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="BBC_Badawi_abused">{{cite news | title=Saudi woman 'jailed for trying to end abuse' | date=2011-10-29 | publisher=[[BBC News]] | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9627000/9627079.stm |access-date=2012-02-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111122070155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9627000/9627079.stm|archive-date=2011-11-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Arabtimes_Badawi_freed">{{cite news | first=Fatima | last=Sidiya | title=Samar out of jail, in uncle's custody | date=2010-10-26 | publisher=[[Arab News]] | url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article170131.ece | access-date=2012-02-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104021308/http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article170131.ece | archive-date=2010-11-04 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NBC4I_Sep2011_W2D">{{cite news | title=Saudi Authorities To Try Woman For Driving | date=2012-01-13 | publisher=[[WCMH-TV]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] | url=http://www2.nbc4i.com/news/2011/sep/26/saudi-authorities-try-woman-driving-ar-758736/ |access-date=2012-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107192534/http://www2.nbc4i.com/news/2011/sep/26/saudi-authorities-try-woman-driving-ar-758736/ |archive-date=2014-01-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="HRW_legalcase">{{cite news | title=Saudi Arabia: Where Fathers Rule and Courts Oblige | date=2010-10-18 | publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] | url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/10/18/saudi-arabia-where-fathers-rule-and-courts-oblige |access-date=2012-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207052605/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/10/18/saudi-arabia-where-fathers-rule-and-courts-oblige |archive-date=2012-02-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="HRFS">{{cite news | title=October 18, 2010 Human Rights First Society (HRFS) Statement | date=2010-10-18 | publisher=[[Human Rights First Society]] | url= http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/?page_id=1541 |access-date=2012-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201015048/http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/?page_id=1541 |archive-date=2012-02-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- women's suffrage --> <ref name="sgazette_badawi_elections">{{cite news | title=Aspiring woman voter takes ministry to court | date=2011-04-29 | work=[[Saudi Gazette]] | url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2011042999422 |access-date=2012-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729212343/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2011042999422 |archive-date=2013-07-29 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="sgazette_badawi_elections_decision">{{cite news | title=Woman's vote claim rejected | date=2011-05-29 | work=[[Saudi Gazette]] | url= http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=20110529101838|access-date=2012-03-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121001221218/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20110529101838 |archive-date=2012-10-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Metz_KSA_legal_system">{{cite web| last =Metz | first =Helen Chaplin | author-link =Helen Chapin Metz | title =The Legal System | work =Saudi Arabia: A Country Study| year = 1992 | publisher =[[United States Library of Congress]] | url = http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/51.htm | access-date =2012-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109085254/http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/51.htm|archive-date=2005-11-09|url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- women to drive --> <ref name="teleg_w2d_vs_Interior">{{cite news| title =Saudi women launch legal fight against driving ban| work =[[Daily Telegraph]]/[[Agence France Presse]] | date =2012-02-06| url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/9062995/Saudi-women-launch-legal-fight-against-driving-ban.html | access-date =2012-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209033043/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/9062995/Saudi-women-launch-legal-fight-against-driving-ban.html |archive-date=2012-02-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Indep_w2d_vs_Interior">{{cite news | title=Saudi women in drive ban legal bid | date=2012-02-05 | work=[[The Independent]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] | url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/saudi-women-in-drive-ban-legal-bid-6483456.html |access-date=2012-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208034556/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/saudi-women-in-drive-ban-legal-bid-6483456.html |archive-date=2012-02-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Bloomberg_w2d_vs_Interior">{{cite news | first=Donna | last=Abu-Nasr | title= Saudi Woman Sues Traffic Agency for Refusing Driver's License| date=2012-02-04 | publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-04/saudi-woman-sues-traffic-agency-for-refusing-driver-s-license.html |access-date=2012-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208145107/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-04/saudi-woman-sues-traffic-agency-for-refusing-driver-s-license.html |archive-date=2012-02-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="alNafjan_badawi_filed_4Feb">{{cite web| last =al-Nafjan| first =Eman | author-link =Eman al-Nafjan | title =It's back on!| date =2012-02-07| url =http://saudiwoman.me/2012/02/05/its-back-on/ | access-date =2012-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211163213/http://saudiwoman.me/2012/02/05/its-back-on/ |archive-date=2012-02-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="USStateDept_award">{{cite web| title =2012 International Women of Courage Award Winners| publisher =[[United States Department of State|US Dept of State]] | date =2012-02-05| url =https://www.state.gov/s/gwi/programs/iwoc/2012/bio/index.htm | access-date =2012-02-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120308231128/http://www.state.gov/s/gwi/programs/iwoc/2012/bio/index.htm|archive-date=2012-03-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="USStateDept_award_tv">{{cite web |url=http://www.usgovernment.tv/government-branches/department-of-state/2012/03/samar-badawi-receives-an-international-women-of-courage-award/ |title=Samar Badawi Receives an International Women of Courage Award |date=2012-03-08 |publisher=U.S. Government |access-date=2012-06-30 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="europa_badawi_travel_ban">{{cite news | title=Freedom of Expression online and offline: 16th EU-NGO Human Rights Forum | date=2014-12-05 | publisher=[[European External Action Service]] | url=http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2014/141205_03_en.htm |access-date=2014-12-07 }}</ref> }} {{2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests}} {{Arab Spring}} {{International Women of Courage Awards}} {{Portal bar|Biography|Feminism|Saudi Arabia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Badawi, Samar}} [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1981]] [[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Saudi Arabia]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category:People of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian women's rights activists]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian dissidents]] [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị Saudi Arabia]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian prisoners and detainees]] [[Category:Women human rights activists]] [[Category:Recipients of the International Women of Courage Award]] fb39m16ic6g2naz2hp8490apqfbqjxa Otu esi ezu ohi mba 0 36038 743462 540900 2026-11-05T13:28:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743462 wikitext text/x-wiki     How to Steal a Country Directed by Rehad Desai Mark J. Kaplan Written by Anita Khanna Story by Real events Produced by Rehad Desai Anita Khanna Zivia Desai Keiper Cinematography Nic Hofmeyr Duncan Tilley Shavez Ahmed Fred Burns Derek Allen Ian Ross Sandile Sethi Eran Tahor Edited by Megan Gill Geert Veuskens Nikki Comninos Music by Jannous Aukema Production company Uhuru Productions Distributed by Parallel 40 - Planeta Med (2021) (Spain) (all media) Yleisradio (YLE) (2020) (Finland) (TV) Release date 26 November 2019 (Netherlands) Running time 99 minutes Country South Africa Language English How <ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Steal a Country: Films from the South|url=https://www.filmfrasor.no/en/film/2020/how-to-steal-a-country|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=www.filmfrasor.no|language=en}}</ref> Steal a Country (n'ihe nkiri dị ka Att stjäla ett land), bụ ihe nkiri [[South Africa]] nke 2019 nke Rehad Desai duziri ma onye nduzi ya na Anita Khanna na Zivia Desai Keiper mepụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Films - Africultures : How to steal a country|url=http://africultures.com/films/?no=21523|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Steal a Country|url=https://docsbarcelona.com/en/movies/how-to-steal-a-country|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=DocsBarcelona|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005125748/https://docsbarcelona.com/en/movies/how-to-steal-a-country}}</ref> == Nkọwa == Ihe nkiri <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kemp|first=Grethe|title=Getting the low-down on the How To Steal A Country documentary|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/getting-the-low-down-on-how-to-steal-a-country-documentary-20200426|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=Citypress|language=en-US}}</ref> na-agba gburugburu ihe atụ nke echiche nke njide steeti na South Africa, dabere na mkpughe nke ndị na-eme nchọpụta na ndị nta akụkọ na-eme nyocha banyere ihe ihere nrụrụ aka a na-ebo ebubo gbara onye isi ala Jacob Zuma na Ezinụlọ Gupta gburugburu, karịsịa n'afọ ndị si 2013 ruo 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Icarus Films: How to Steal a Country|url=https://icarusfilms.com/if-howto|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=icarusfilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=How to steal a country|url=https://africasacountry.com/2020/05/how-to-steal-a-country|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=africasacountry.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2020-05-03-how-to-steal-a-county-is-a-gripping-breakdown-of-the-state-capture-saga/|title=’How to Steal a Country’ is a gripping breakdown of the state capture saga|author=Smith|first=Tymon|date=3 May 2020|work=Sunday Times|publisher=Arena Holdings|accessdate=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/2020/05/how-to-steal-a-country/|title=How to steal a country|author=Shoki|first=William|date=13 May 2020|work=africasacountry.com|accessdate=17 November 2022}}</ref> nkiri ahụ nwere ajụjụ ọnụ SAP na ndị nta akụkọ banyere akụkọ ha; ajụjụ ọnụ edere na ndị dị mkpa dị ka nwa Zuma [[Duduzane Zuma]]; ihe nkiri sitere na Agbamakwụkwọ na-ese okwu nke afọ 2013 nke ụgbọelu onwe ya na-ada n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha ụgbọelu South Africa bu ụzọ; ihe nkiri site na mmeri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Zuma site na nhọpụta nke Cyril Ramaphosa dị ka onye isi oche nke pati ANC na Disemba 2017; ihe nkiri si na akaebe Zuma nke 2019 na Kọmitii Ikpe nke nyocha nke Steeti, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ViryG, == Nnakwere == Ihe nkiri Mbụ gosipụtara na 26 Nọvemba 2019 na IDFA na Netherlands. <ref>{{Cite web|title='How to Steal a Country' is a gripping breakdown of the state capture saga|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2020-05-03-how-to-steal-a-county-is-a-gripping-breakdown-of-the-state-capture-saga/|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Golden Horns abụọ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full List of Multichoice SAFTA Winners|url=https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/news/multichoice-wins-47-golden-horns-at-the-saftas|work=dstv.com|date=2021-05-22|accessdate=2022-11-17}}</ref> 2021 na South African Film and Television Awards . [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=How To Steal A Country – Durban International Film Festival|url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/diff2020/documentaries/how-to-steal-a-country/|accessdate=2024-02-12|language=en-ZA|archivedate=2024-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212191407/https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/diff2020/documentaries/how-to-steal-a-country/}}</ref> gosipụtakwara ihe nkiri ahụ na 2020 Durban International Film Festival na 2020 Encounters South African International Documentary Festival. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Steal a Country|url=https://www.humanrightsfilmfestivalberlin.de/en/how-steal-country|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=www.humanrightsfilmfestivalberlin.de|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmscreening "How to steal a country?"|url=https://www.globe-festival.de/filmscreening-how-to-steal-a-country|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=globe21 festival|language=de-DE|archivedate=2021-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005125747/https://www.globe-festival.de/filmscreening-how-to-steal-a-country}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Steal a Country|url=https://docsbarcelona.com/en/movies/how-to-steal-a-country|accessdate=2021-10-05|work=DocsBarcelona|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005125748/https://docsbarcelona.com/en/movies/how-to-steal-a-country}}</ref> natara nyocha dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nkatọ. [1] [2] [3] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kasa.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Unterricht_Ethik_final.pdf|title=Südafrika im Unterricht: Korruption|work=kasa.de|publisher=KASA. Kirchliche Arbeitsstelle Südliches Afrika|date=2021-01-01|format=PDF|language=de|accessdate=2022-11-17|archivedate=2022-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629115848/https://www.kasa.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Unterricht_Ethik_final.pdf}}</ref> na-eji ihe nkiri ahụ eme ihe kemgbe 2021 na Germany maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na nrụrụ aka steeti. == Aha ihe nkiri == Otu esi ezute mba bụkwa aha akwụkwọ 2018 nke na-esoghị na ihe nkiri a. Ọ bụ Robin Renwick dere ya, onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya mba Briten nke jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchianya na Republic of South Africa site na 1987 ruo 1991. N'ime ya, ọ kọwakwara ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke South Africa n'okpuru nduzi nke Jacob Zuma. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Engel|first=Ulf|date=2021|title=State Capture in South Africa|url=https://www.comparativ.net/v2/article/view/3133|language=en|journal=Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung|volume=31|issue=2|pages=267–274|doi=10.26014/j.comp.2021.02.10|accessdate=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117203951/https://www.comparativ.net/v2/article/view/3133|archive-date=17 November 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|11680950}} f03aswmoh5tlu6noqcg2ytn117gib7m Udo nke oké ọhịa 0 37118 743576 151799 2026-11-06T07:54:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743576 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}Le silence de la forêt (lit. Silence of the Forest/The Forest') bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke Central African Republican-Cameroonian nke 2003 nke Bassek Ba Kobhio na [[Didier Ouénangaré|Didier Ouenangare]] duziri. Ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe nkiri mbụ na Cinema nke Central African Republic . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Harding|first=Oscar|date=2019-02-10|title=The Best African Movies, From All 54 African Countries|url=https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2019/02/best-african-movies-list/|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=Cinema Escapist}}</ref> E mekwara ihe nkiri ahụ na [[Gabon]] na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]].<ref>JC Woodfrok (2006) ''Culture and Customs of the Central African Republic'', Greenwood Press, pg. 150</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Blandine Stefanson|title=Directory of World Cinema Africa|publisher=Intellect Books|year=2014|isbn=978-1-78320-391-8|editor=Blandine Stefanson|chapter=Literary Adaptation|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1RiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Valérie K. Orlando|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Em8kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT72|title=New African Cinema|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-8135-7957-3|pages=72–}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=California Newsreel - LE SILENCE DE LA FORET|url=http://newsreel.org/video/LE-SILENCE-DE-LA-FORET|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=newsreel.org}}</ref> na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Étienne Goyémidé dere n'otu aha ahụ bụ Le silence de la forêt . [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Silence of the Forest {{!}} Kanopy|url=https://www.kanopy.com/product/silence-forest|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=www.kanopy.com}}</ref> agbụrụ ndị pere mpe nke African Pygmies ma ọ bụkwa ihe nkiri mbụ na-ekwu maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ndị Afrịka nke oge a n'ebe Ndị Biaka agbụrụ Afrịka nọ. == Nkọwa == Gonaba (Eriq Ebouaney), onye nyocha agụmakwụkwọ mpaghara na Central African Republic na-enwe nkụda mmụọ na nkụda obi mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ n'ọchịchị ndị agha ihe karịrị afọ iri. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Marshall2003-07-14T00:00:00+01:00|first=Lee|title=The Silence Of The Forest (Le Silence De La Foret)|url=https://www.screendaily.com/the-silence-of-the-forest-le-silence-de-la-foret/4014179.article|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref>'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitere inwe mmasị n'ịkwado agbụrụ agbụrụ a na-akpọ Baaka bụ ndị a na-eleghara anya ma na-emeso ha n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma n'etiti ọha mmadụ na ndị ịdị adị ha na-abụkarị ihe egwu site na ime obodo na mmepe akụ na ụba. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * [[Eriq Ebouaney]] dị ka Gonaba * Nadège Beausson-Diagne dị ka Simone * Sonia Zembourou dị ka Kali * [[Philippe Mory]] dị ka onye isi == Mmepụta == Na mbụ, a mara ọkwa na ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Central African Republic bụ Didier Ouenangare ga-eduzi ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka onye nduzi izizi mbụ ya. O mere nke mbụ ya dị ka onye nduzi site na ọrụ a mgbe ọ dị afọ 50. <ref name=":0"/> Otú ọ dị, onye nduzi Cameroon bụ Bassek Ba Kobhio sonyeere ihe nkiri ahụ ma were ọrụ teknụzụ nke ịgba égbè ahụ. Bassek mechara bụrụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri ahụ ebe Didier jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi ya nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Ha abụọ kwekọrịtara ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Cameroon na Gabon kwadoro ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu. E mere ihe nkiri ahụ na CAR n'oge mba ahụ chere nsogbu akụ na ụba ihu tinyere nnupụisi ndị agha na 2003. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2003-05-27|title=Co-director of" Le Silence de la Forêt"|url=http://africultures.com/co-director-of-le-silence-de-la-foret-5698/|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref> kpughere na onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Didier natara onyinye ruru 50,000 FF site na Agence intergouvernmentale de la francophonie n'oge mmemme ihe nkiri Amiens . [1] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-ahụ maka usoro ihe nkiri ahụ sitere na mba ndị agbata obi gụnyere Cameroon na Gabon. Onye Cameroon na-eme ihe nkiri Eriq Ebouaney ka a na-etinye ya n'ọrụ na-eduzi ya ma ọ ghaghị ịmụta asụsụ Sango nke bụ otu n'ime asụsụ gọọmentị nke Central African Republic. Onye na-ede egwu nke Cameroon bụ Manu Dibango sonyere na egwu egwu maka ihe nkiri ahụ. Onye nduzi ihe nkiri <ref name=":1"/> Didier nwetakwara mmegide na nkatọ maka ịghara ịhọrọ ndị Central Africa ka ha rụọ ọrụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ. == Ntọhapụ == Ihe nkiri <ref name=":0"/> na-eme n'ụlọ na Central African Republic mebiri dịka naanị ụlọ ihe nkiri na mba ahụ mechiri n'oge ahụ. A họọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ ka a gosipụta ya na mmemme ihe nkiri ole na ole ma meghee ya maka nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. Emere ihe nkiri ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|title=28th Toronto International Film Festival Coverage: List of Films (TIFF 2003) {{!}} DigitalHit.com|url=https://www.digitalhit.com/torontofilmfestival/2003/filmlist|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=www.digitalhit.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121191843/https://www.digitalhit.com/torontofilmfestival/2003/filmlist|archive-date=2020-11-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> ngalaba Planet Africa nke 2003 Toronto International Film Festival . [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Quinzaine 2003|url=http://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/qz_an/2003/|accessdate=21 June 2017|work=quinzaine-realisateurs.com|archivedate=21 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921151346/https://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/edition/2003/}}</ref> họpụtakwara ya ka egosiputa ya dị ka akụkụ nke ngalaba Fortnight nke ndị nduzi nke 2003 Cannes Film Festival . [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetakwara aha pụrụ iche <ref>{{Cite web|author=Barlet|first=Olivier|date=2003-10-09|title=Namur 2003 : la résistance francophone|url=http://africultures.com/namur-2003-la-resistance-francophone-3068/|accessdate=2020-10-07|work=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref> 2003 Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur (FIFF). [1] == Edensibia == achọ ichebe onyinyo onye na-emebanye aha, aha, aha ezinụlọ na ọbụna egwu nke a na-emeghị ya. Mmetụta dị ọtụtụ ma dị ka ọha mmadụ, ọtụtụ ndị ahọrọla idebe ụdị mmetọ a na {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Udo nke oké ọhịanaIMDb * Udo nke oké ọhịanaTomato rere ure crnjax8tua62yeihombf06orei3twxy Samba Félix Ndiaye 0 37884 743518 198205 2026-11-05T22:15:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Samba Félix N’diaye|other_names=|image=Catherine Ruelle, François Belorgey et Samba Félix Ndiaye.jpg|image_size=300px|alt=|caption=Catherine Ruelle, François Belorgey et Samba Félix Ndiaye|birth_date={{birth date|1945|3|6|df=yes|}}|birth_name=Samba Félix N’diaye|birth_place=[[Dakar]], [[Sénégal]]|death_date={{death date and age|2009|11|6|1945|3|6|df=yes|}}|death_place=Dakar, Sénégal|resting_place=Yoff cemetery|resting_place_coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|nationality=[[Sénégal]]ese|alma_mater=[[University of Dakar]] <br> [[University of Paris VIII]] <br>[[Institut Lumière]]|education=|height=|years_active=1974–2007|party=|spouse=|children=|awards=|father=|mother=|relatives=|signature=|website=|footnotes=|occupation=Director, writer, cinematographer}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/samba-f%C3%A9lix-ndiaye|title=Samba Félix N'diaye at IFFR|publisher=IFFR|accessdate=25 October 2020|archivedate=30 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130204220/https://iffr.com/en/persons/samba-f%C3%A9lix-ndiaye}}</ref>'''Samba Félix N"diaye''' (6 Machị 1945-6 Nọvemba 2009), bụ onye Senegal na-eme ihe nkiri. Otu n'ime ogidi ndị mbụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Senegalese, a na-ewere Ndiaye dị ka nna nke ihe nkiri Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba4743599|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201000335/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba4743599|archivedate=December 1, 2020|title=Samba Felix N'diaye – Born: 1945, Dakar|publisher=British Film Institute|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref> mere ọtụtụ obere ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Trésors des poubelles, Ngor, l'esprit des lieux, Les malles na ''Geti Tey''. Ewezuga ntụziaka, ọ bụkwa onye edemede na onye na-ese ihe nkiri. == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Ndiaye na 6 Machị 1945 na Dakar, Senegal . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africapt-festival.fr/real_tous/ndiaye.htm|title=Samba Félix NDIAYE (Sénégal)|publisher=africapt-festival|accessdate=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729055024/http://www.africapt-festival.fr/real_tous/ndiaye.htm|archive-date=29 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ na-aga klọb ihe nkiri nke French Cultural Center na Dakar mgbe niile nke o mere dị ka omume. O mechara nweta ọzụzụ na iwu na akụ na ụba na Mahadum Dakar . Mgbe ahụ ọ gara Mahadum nke Paris nke Asatọ wee nweta Masters na Cinema na Audiovisual Studies. Mgbe ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3065/|title=Biografie Samba Félix Ndiaye|publisher=filme-aus-afrika|accessdate=25 October 2020|archivedate=30 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130213649/http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3065/}}</ref> sonyeere Institut Lumière iji mụọ ihe nkiri na nhazi. [1] Ọ nwụrụ na 6 Nọvemba 2009 na Dakar mgbe ọ dị afọ 64 n'ihi nsogbu nke ịba ụbụrụ. E mechara lie ya n'ebe ili ozu Yoff. == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1974, o duziri obere ihe nkiri ya bụ ''Perantal'', dịka akụkụ nke nzere masta ya na sinima. N'afọ 1978, o mere obere ''Geti Tey'' nke tụlere ihe isi ike ndị na-egbu azụ na Kayar, Hann ma ọ bụ Soumbédioune na-eche ihu, ndị ọrụ ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ihi ọganihu ịkụ azụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Ndiaye mere usoro ihe nkiri ise dị mkpirikpi nke a chịkọtara n'okpuru aha Trésors des poubelles na 1989. <ref name="karoninka">{{Cite web|url=https://karoninka.com/cineaste/|title=Samba Felix N'Diaye|publisher=karoninka|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3344|title=Samba Félix Ndiaye: Sénégal|publisher=africultures|accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref>'otu afọ ahụ, o mere mkpirikpi Aqua, "obodo metonymy" nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị okwu. N'afọ 1994, Ndiaye mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Ngor, l'esprit des lieux banyere ndị bi na Ngor, obodo dị na mpụga Dakar. Kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 1990, ọ na-echegbu onwe ya banyere ihe ndekọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma mee Lettre à Senghor na 1998. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jcctunisie.org/jcc2014/eng/films-detail9.php?id_film=124|title=Tribute to Samba Felix N'Diaye|publisher=jcctunisie|accessdate=25 October 2020|archivedate=30 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130204256/https://www.jcctunisie.org/jcc2014/eng/films-detail9.php?id_film=124}}</ref> Dị ka onye edemede, o dere ihe ngosi Rwanda, pour mémoire nke lekwasịrị anya na mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda na 1994. <ref name="karoninka"/>'afọ 2007 n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya, Ndiaye mere ihe ngosi Questions à la terre natale . [1] N'afọ 2012, o ritere ihe nrite na Cordoba African Film Festival maka ihe nkiri ya Trésors des poubelles . == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị !Ihe mgbochi. |- |1974 |''Perantal'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1976 |''Òtù Ndị Mouride'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1977 |''Ndị ọkụ azụ nke Kayar'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1978 |''Geti Tey'' |Onye nduzi, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye na - |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1984 |''Mmadụ Iri na Otu'' |Onye na-emepụta ihe |Ihe nkiri | |- |1986 |''Ahụike, Ahụmahụ Na-adịghị Ahụkebe'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1989 |''Akụ̀ ndị dị n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Nchịkọta ihe ndekọ | |- |1989 |''Teug, ite ite'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1989 |''Akpa ndị ahụ'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1989 |''Nsụda Mmiri Ngalam'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1989 |''Onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mba na mba na tomato'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1989 |''Mmiri'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1992 |''Dakar Bamako'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |- |1992 |''Amadou Diallo, onye na-ese ihe n'okpuru ugegbe'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi | |- |1992 |''Hyena'' |Onye na-emepụta ihe |Ihe nkiri | |- |1994 |''Ngor, mmụọ nke ebe ahụ'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri | |- |1998 |''Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Senghor'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri | |- |2001 |''Ịmụ nwa'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe nkiri | |- |2003 |''Rwanda, maka ncheta'' |onye edemede |Ihe nkiri | |- |2007 |''Ajụjụ n'ala nna ya'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|nm6327285}} {{authority control}} fvdmj1z4vhapzk02zs930qff70q6200 Virginia Dignum 0 38971 743582 707076 2026-11-06T09:42:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743582 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Maria Virgínia Ferreira de Almeida Júdice Gamito Dignum''' (amụrụ 2 Mee 1964, na Lisbon, [[Portugal]] ) bụ Prọfesọ Sayensị Kọmputa na Mahadum Umeå, na Prọfesọ Associated na Delft University of Technology . Ọ na-edu otu nyocha nyocha nke Ọha na Ọha [[Ọgụgụ isi|nke Artificial]] . Nnyocha ya na ide ihe na-atụle AI nwere ọrụ yana nyocha mmepe nke ọrụ otu onye nnọchite anya mmadụ, si otú a kwekọọ na isiokwu ọgụgụ isi Artificial-Centered Human . == Education na mmalite ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum Lisbon na 1987, Dignum kwagara Amsterdam ebe ọ gụchara MSc na sayensị Kọmputa na Vrije Universiteit na 1989. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na consultancy na usoro mmepe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diievents.dii.eu/ai-summit/speaker/virginia-dignum/|title=Virginia Dignum|work=POLITICO's AI Summit 2020|accessdate=2019-08-24|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824172651/https://diievents.dii.eu/ai-summit/speaker/virginia-dignum/}}</ref> Na 2003 Dignum laghachiri na sayensị kọmpụta agụmakwụkwọ wee nweta akara ugo mmụta ya na sayensị kọmputa na Mahadum Utrecht na 2004. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ osote na Delft University of Technology . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nextconf.eu/person/virginia-dignum/|title=Virginia Dignum|work=NEXT Conference|accessdate=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824172648/https://nextconf.eu/person/virginia-dignum/|archive-date=2019-08-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zhou|first=Ron|date=2009-01-18|title=AAAI 2008 Workshop Reports|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ai-magazine_spring-2009_30_1/page/108|journal=AI Magazine|volume=30|issue=1|pages=108|doi=10.1609/aimag.v30i1.2196|issn=2371-9621}}</ref> Emere ya otu Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Veni laureate na 2006 maka ọrụ ya na nhazi nhazi dabere na nnọchite anya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/communities/en/community/humaint/event/research-seminar-prof-virginia-dignum-responsible-ai|title=Research seminar by Prof. Virginia Dignum - Responsible AI|author=GUTIERREZ|first=Emilia GOMEZ|date=2018-08-13|work=JRC Science Hub Communities - European Commission|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> == Nnyocha == Emere ya onye prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na Mahadum Teknụzụ Delft na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ii.tudelft.nl/bnvki/?p=1352|title=Editorial: AI in Europe|author=Vennekens|first=Joost|work=ii.tudelft.nl/bnvki/|accessdate=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328143242/http://ii.tudelft.nl/bnvki/?p=1352|archive-date=2023-03-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2011 a họpụtara ya osote onye isi oche nke ''Benelux Vereniging voor Kunstmatige Intelligentie (BNVKI)'', Benelux Association for [[Ọgụgụ isi|AI]], ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ ruo 2017. Na 2018, Dignum sonyeere Mahadum Umeå dị ka Prọfesọ nke AI na Society. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.umu.se/en/news/new-professor-with-focus-on-etics-and-ai_7181557/|title=New professor with focus on ethical and societal impact of AI|work=www.umu.se|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Programme kwadoro nyocha ya. Ọ nwere mmasị na mmetụta omume na omenala nke [[Ọgụgụ isi|ọgụgụ isi mmadụ]], na ụzọ isi mee ka [[Ọgụgụ isi|AI]] bụrụ nke kachasị mma na nke doro anya maka ndị na-emetụta ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humane-ai.eu/humaneai-people/|title=Meet the team behind European AI {{!}} Humane AI|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humane-ai.eu/virginia-dignum-umea-university/|title=Virginia Dignum, Umeå University {{!}} Humane AI|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu European Association for Artificial Intelligence . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aisustainability.org/virginia-dignum/|title=Virginia Dignum {{!}} AI Sustainability Center|accessdate=2019-08-24|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824172651/http://www.aisustainability.org/virginia-dignum/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.project-sherpa.eu/team/virginia-dignum/|title=Virginia Dignum|work=Sherpa Project|accessdate=2019-08-24|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824172649/https://www.project-sherpa.eu/team/virginia-dignum/}}</ref> Ọ na-atụ anya na [[Ọgụgụ isi|AI]] agaghị ahụ dị ka naanị ọzụzụ sayensị kọmputa, kama nke na-emekọrịta ihe na mpaghara agụmakwụkwọ niile. <ref name=":0" /> === Arụ ọrụ amụma === A họpụtara Dignum na European Commission High Level Expert Group in [[Ọgụgụ isi|Artificial Intelligence]], nke ọ na-enyere aka ịmepụta ụkpụrụ nduzi na amụma na atụmatụ European Union [[Ọgụgụ isi|AI]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/high-level-expert-group-artificial-intelligence|title=High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence|author=smuhana|date=2018-06-14|work=Digital Single Market - European Commission|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> Ndụmọdụ sitere na otu a gụnyere n'atụmatụ afọ ise nke European Commission, ma ga-abụ akụkụ nke Multiannual Financial Framework ruo 2027. N'afọ 2018, otu ahụ nyefere ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ omume nke ọgụgụ isi Artificial yana usoro ndụmọdụ iji duzie AI kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/ai-alliance-consultation/guidelines|title=Building trust in human-centric AI|author=Weiser|first=Stephanie|date=2019-04-03|work=FUTURIUM - European Commission|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/policy-and-investment-recommendations-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence|title=Policy and investment recommendations for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence|author=Anonymous|date=2019-06-26|work=Digital Single Market - European Commission|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ AllAI, otu ndị nyocha na-achịkọta ndị na-eme ihe ọnụ iji nyochaa ojiji [[Ọgụgụ isi|AI]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allai.nl/about-us/|title=About Us|date=2018-07-25|work=ALLAI|accessdate=2019-08-24}}</ref> Na 2019, a họpụtara Dignum na World Economic Forum Global AI Council. Dignum na-enye nkọwa ndị ọkachamara na [[Ọgụgụ isi|AI]] na nnọkọ na mmemme ọha. Na 2023, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations António Guterres họpụtara Dignum n'ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ ọgụgụ isi Artificial ya banyere ihe egwu, ohere na ọchịchị mba ụwa nke ọgụgụ isi, nke Carme Artigas na James Manyika na-achịkọta. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250708141256/https://press.un.org/en/2023/sga2236.doc.htm Secretary-General Announces Creation of New Artificial Intelligence Advisory Board] [[United Nations]], press release of 26 October 2023.</ref> === Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara === Akwụkwọ ya gụnyere; ==== Akwụkwọ ==== * {{Cite book|title=Responsible Artificial Intelligence|author=Dignum|first=Virginia|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]]|year=2019|isbn=978-3-030-30371-6}} * {{Cite book|title=Handbook of Research on Multi-agent Systems: Semantics and Dynamics of Organizational Models|author=Dignum|first=Virginia|publisher=Information Science Reference|year=2009|isbn=978-1605662565}} ==== Akwụkwọ ==== * {{Cite journal|url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/890/full.pdf|title=A model for organizational interaction: based on agents, founded in logic|author=Dignum|first=Virginia|date=2004|journal=PhD Thesis}} * {{Cite journal|title=Organizing multiagent systems|author=Dignum|first=Virginia|date=2005-11-11|journal=Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems|volume=11|issue=3|pages=307–360|doi=10.1007/s10458-005-1673-9}} * {{Cite book|author=Dignum|first=Virginia|title=Programming Multi-Agent Systems|url=https://archive.org/details/programmingmulti0000prom_e8z7|chapter=OMNI: Introducing Social Structure, Norms and Ontologies into Agent Organizations|date=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/programmingmulti0000prom_e8z7/page/183 183]–200|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-32260-3_10|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|isbn=978-3-540-24559-9}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] csmi2t092tbzt0cussbxl5bdc3uf50m Pseudokinase 0 39663 743482 697726 2026-11-05T16:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pseudokinases''' bụ ụdị na_ezughi dịka katalist nke [[pseudoenzyme]] na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla <ref name="pmid28408493">{{Cite journal|title=Bio-Zombie: the rise of pseudoenzymes in biology|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=45|issue=2|pages=537–544|date=April 2017|pmid=28408493|doi=10.1042/BST20160400}}</ref> nke protin kinases nke a na-anọchite anya na kinomes niile gafee alaeze nke ndụ. Pseudokinases nwere ma ọrụ fisiolojikal (ihe ngosi transdokshon ) na ọrụ pathophysiological.<ref name="pmid28620028">{{Cite journal|title=The secret life of kinases: insights into non-catalytic signalling functions from pseudokinases|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=45|issue=3|pages=665–681|date=June 2017|pmid=28620028|doi=10.1042/BST20160331}}</ref><ref name="pmid24107129">{{Cite journal|title=A robust methodology to subclassify pseudokinases based on their nucleotide-binding properties|journal=The Biochemical Journal|volume=457|issue=2|pages=323–34|date=January 2014|pmid=24107129|doi=10.1042/BJ20131174}}</ref><ref name="pmid18423189">{{Cite journal|title=Rethinking pseudokinases|url=https://archive.org/details/cell_2008-04-18_133_2/page/204|journal=Cell|volume=133|issue=2|pages=204–5|date=April 2008|pmid=18423189|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2008.04.005}}</ref><ref name="pmid18423203">{{Cite journal|title=CASK Functions as a Mg2+-independent neurexin kinase|url=https://archive.org/details/cell_2008-04-18_133_2/page/328|journal=Cell|volume=133|issue=2|pages=328–39|date=April 2008|pmid=18423203|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.036}}</ref><ref name="pmid25583260">{{Cite journal|title=The Tribbles 2 (TRB2) pseudokinase binds to ATP and autophosphorylates in a metal-independent manner|journal=The Biochemical Journal|volume=467|issue=1|pages=47–62|date=April 2015|pmid=25583260|doi=10.1042/BJ20141441}}</ref><ref name="pmid20351256">{{Cite journal|title=ErbB3/HER3 intracellular domain is competent to bind ATP and catalyze autophosphorylation|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=107|issue=17|pages=7692–7|date=April 2010|pmid=20351256|doi=10.1073/pnas.1002753107|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1176&context=be_papers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526103359/https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1176&context=be_papers|archive-date=2022-05-26|access-date=2024-03-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="pmid19892943" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E chepụtara okwu pseudokinase n'afọ puku abụọ na abụọ .<ref name="pmid12471243">{{Cite journal|title=The protein kinase complement of the human genome|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2002-12-06_298_5600/page/1912|journal=Science|volume=298|issue=5600|pages=1912–34|date=December 2002|pmid=12471243|doi=10.1126/science.1075762}}</ref> E mechara kewaa ha n'ime 'Klaasị' dị iche iche.<ref name="pmid16879967">{{Cite journal|title=Emerging roles of pseudokinases|journal=Trends in Cell Biology|volume=16|issue=9|pages=443–52|date=September 2006|pmid=16879967|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2006.07.003}}</ref><ref name="pmid19892943">{{Cite journal|title=Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2009-12-18_326_5960/page/1707|journal=Science|volume=326|issue=5960|pages=1707–11|date=December 2009|pmid=19892943|doi=10.1126/science.1178377}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFZeqirajFilippiDeakAlessi2009">Zeqiraj E, Filippi BM, Deak M, Alessi DR, van Aalten DM (December 2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268 "Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation"]. ''Science''. '''326''' (5960): 1707–11. [[Bibcode (ihe njirimara)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...326.1707Z 2009Sci...326.1707Z]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1178377|10.1126/science.1178377]]. [[PMC (ihe njirimara)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268 3518268]</span>. [[PMID (ihe njirimara)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19892943 19892943].</cite></ref><ref name="pmid21074407">{{Cite journal|title=Pseudokinases-remnants of evolution or key allosteric regulators?|journal=Current Opinion in Structural Biology|volume=20|issue=6|pages=772–81|date=December 2010|pmid=21074407|doi=10.1016/j.sbi.2010.10.001}}</ref><ref name="pmid19141289">{{Cite journal|title=Structure of the pseudokinase VRK3 reveals a degraded catalytic site, a highly conserved kinase fold, and a putative regulatory binding site|journal=Structure|volume=17|issue=1|pages=128–38|date=January 2009|pmid=19141289|doi=10.1016/j.str.2008.10.018}}</ref><ref name="pmid23863165">{{Cite journal|title=Dawn of the dead: protein pseudokinases signal new adventures in cell biology|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=41|issue=4|pages=969–74|date=August 2013|pmid=23863165|doi=10.1042/BST20130115}}</ref> A na-ahụ ọtụtụ ezinụlọ nwere pseudokinase na kinome mmadụ, gụnyere Tribbles pseudokinases, nke dị na intafeesi n'etiti kinase na ubiquitin E3 ligase signaling. <ref name="pmid27908682">{{Cite journal|title=Tribbles in the 21st Century: The Evolving Roles of Tribbles Pseudokinases in Biology and Disease|journal=Trends in Cell Biology|volume=27|issue=4|pages=284–298|date=April 2017|pmid=27908682|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.002}}</ref><ref name="pmid30254057">{{Cite journal|title=Covalent inhibitors of EGFR family protein kinases induce degradation of human Tribbles 2 (TRIB2) pseudokinase in cancer cells.|journal=Science Signaling|volume=11|issue=549|date=September 2018|pages=eaat7951|pmid=30254057|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aat7951}}</ref><ref name="pmid30254053">{{Cite journal|title=Substrate binding allosterically relieves autoinhibition of the pseudokinase TRIB1|journal=Science Signaling|volume=11|issue=549|date=September 2018|pages=eaau0597|pmid=30254053|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aau0597}}</ref> Pseudokinases nke mmadụ (na ụmụnne ha pseudophosphatase) na-emetụta ọrịa dịgasị iche iche, <ref name="pmid24818526">{{Cite journal|title=Day of the dead: pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases in physiology and disease|journal=Trends in Cell Biology|volume=24|issue=9|pages=489–505|date=September 2014|pmid=24818526|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.008}}</ref> <ref name="pmid28400531">{{Cite journal|title=Genomics and evolution of protein phosphatases|journal=Science Signaling|volume=10|issue=474|pages=eaag1796|date=April 2017|pmid=28400531|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aag1796}}</ref> nke mere ka ha bụrụ ndị ọgwụ na ndị na-egbochi ọrịa. <ref name="pmid28097887">{{Cite journal|title=Pseudokinases: update on their functions and evaluation as new drug targets|journal=[[Future Medicinal Chemistry]]|volume=9|issue=2|pages=245–265|date=January 2017|pmid=28097887|doi=10.4155/fmc-2016-0207}}</ref> <ref name="pmid25559089">{{Cite journal|title=Going for broke: targeting the human cancer pseudokinome|journal=The Biochemical Journal|volume=465|issue=2|pages=195–211|date=January 2015|pmid=25559089|doi=10.1042/BJ20141060}}</ref> <ref name="pmid24649957">{{Cite journal|title=Novel approaches for targeting kinases: allosteric inhibition, allosteric activation and pseudokinases|journal=[[Future Medicinal Chemistry]]|volume=6|issue=5|pages=541–61|date=April 2014|pmid=24649957|doi=10.4155/fmc.13.216}}</ref><ref name="pmid26517930">{{Cite journal|title=Tribbles pseudokinases: novel targets for chemical biology and drug discovery?|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|volume=43|issue=5|pages=1095–103|date=October 2015|pmid=26517930|doi=10.1042/BST20150109}}</ref> Pseudokinases mejupụtara ngwakọta evolushọn nke ukariotik protin kinase (ePK) na protein [[pseudoenzyme]] na-abụghị ePK (dịka, FAM20A, nke na-ejikọta ATP ma bụrụ pseudokinase n'ihi glutamate echekwara na glutamine swap na alpha-C helix. <ref name="pmid28432788">{{Cite journal|title=Structure of Fam20A reveals a pseudokinase featuring a unique disulfide pattern and inverted ATP-binding|journal=eLife|volume=6|date=April 2017|pmid=28432788|doi=10.7554/eLife.23990}}</ref><ref name="pmid25789606">{{Cite journal|title=A secretory kinase complex regulates extracellular protein phosphorylation|journal=eLife|volume=4|pages=e06120|date=March 2015|pmid=25789606|doi=10.7554/eLife.06120}}</ref> FAM20A na-emetụta Ọrịa periodontal, ma na-arụ ọrụ iji chịkwaa ọrụ katalik nke FAM20C, casein kinase dị mkpa nke na-achịkwa phosphorylation nke protin na ngwaọrụ Golgi nke a kara aka maka ịgbapụta dị ka protein mmiri ara ehi casein.<ref name="pmid26091039">{{Cite journal|title=A Single Kinase Generates the Majority of the Secreted Phosphoproteome|journal=Cell|volume=161|issue=7|pages=1619–32|date=June 2015|pmid=26091039|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028}}</ref> Nnyocha zuru oke nke evolushọn na-akwado na pseudokinases na-agbakọta n'ime ọtụtụ ndị okpuru ezinaụlọ a na-ahụkwa ndị a na kinome nke ihe ndị dị ndụ gafee alaeze nke ndụ, gụnyere prokaryotes, archaea na usoro ọmụmụ niile eukaryotic nwere proteome; nchọcho a nwere ike ịchọ na ProKino (<nowiki>http://vulcan.cs.edu/prokino/about/browser</nowiki>). <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tracing the origin and evolution of pseudokinases across the tree of life|journal=Science Signaling|volume=12|issue=578|date=April 2019|pages=eaav3810|pmid=31015289|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aav3810}}</ref> tv32iikbe5683ikwu6dnqk3z6rd1bhp Ripley Bogle 0 40126 743499 184313 2026-11-05T19:28:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''''Ripley Bogle''''' bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi nke onye edemede Northern Irish Robert McLiam Wilson, nke e bipụtara na 1989 na UK n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị ruo 1998 na US. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.readinggroupguides.com/guides_R/ripley_bogle2.asp |title=ReadingGroupGuides.com – Robert McLiam Wilson interview |accessdate=2024-04-02 |archivedate=2013-05-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514081335/http://www.readinggroupguides.com/guides_r/ripley_bogle2.asp }}</ref> Edere ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 26, a na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ onye a kacha mara amara, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/robert-mcliam-wilson-215185|title=Robert McLiam Wilson biography|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2018-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323025249/https://www.biography.com/people/robert-mcliam-wilson-215185}}</ref> na-emeri ihe nrite Rooney na [[Hughes Prize|ihe nrite Hughes]] na 1989, yana onyinye Betty Trask na onyinye akwụkwọ Irish n'afọ na-esote. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/company/about-us.html/editions/ripley-bogle/9780749394653|title=About us|work=www.penguin.co.uk|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2021-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612043435/https://www.penguin.co.uk/company/about-us.html/editions/ripley-bogle/9780749394653}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bụ nke onwe; A mụrụ onye edemede n'onwe ya na Belfast, gara Mahadum Cambridge, kwụsịrị ma ghọọ onye na-enweghị ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9781405192446_chunk_g978140519244617_ss1-8|title=''The Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Fiction Volume I: Twentieth-Century British and Irish Fiction : McLiam Wilson, Robert'' by Matthew McGuire}}</ref> A na-ewere ya dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ịrịba ama, na-emepụta "ma nyochagharị nke Northern Irish edemede, na ụzọ ọzọ dị na nsogbu ndị ahụ ." <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26AgoZ4TiGkC&q=ripley+bogle+falls+road&pg=PA139|title=The Cambridge Introduction to Modern British Fiction, 1950-2000|first=Dominic|author=Head|date=7 March 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521669665}}</ref> == Ntinye atụmatụ == Edebere akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ihe karịrị ụbọchị anọ na London, ebe Ripley Bogle dị afọ 22 na-enweghị ebe obibi na-awagharị n'okporo ụzọ na-enweghị isi ma jiri satire iwe tụgharịa uche na ndụ ya, na-agwa onye na-agụ ya okwu ozugbo. A na-enwe mgbagharị ugboro ugboro na-etolite na Turf Lodge estate na West Belfast n'oge Nsogbu, ịkwaga ya na Mahadum Cambridge na ọdịda ya na-esote enweghị ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/bibdbs/pelaschiar3.htm|title="Writing the North – The Contemporary Novel in Northern Ireland", by Laura Pelaschiar|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2013-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105230840/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/bibdbs/pelaschiar3.htm}}</ref> == nnabata == * "Ihe omume na-eju anya, na-ekwu okwu nke ọma, dị omimi, na-ewe iwe. O mere ka m chịa ọchị; o mere ka m chee echiche; o mere m anyaụfụ." - ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ Irish'' <ref name="litpub">{{Cite web|url=http://thelitpub.com/featured-books/ripley-bogle/|title=For my money, Robert McLiam Wilson has written the best novel to come out of Northern Ireland in the last 30 years|accessdate=16 November 2012|archivedate=9 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309114503/http://thelitpub.com/featured-books/ripley-bogle/}}</ref> * "Ripley Bogle nwere ike ịbụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Irish kachasị mma pụtara n'ime afọ iri gara aga. Ọ na-aga n'ihu maka jugular." ''Oge oge'' <ref name="litpub" /> * Onye ndu Zachary na ''London Review of Books'' tụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ onye ndu John Self na Charles Highway na [[Martin Amis]] 's ''Money'' na ''The Rachel Papers'' : " ''Ripley Bogle'' abụghị ezigbo akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka ''akwụkwọ Rachel'', hapụ naanị ''ego'', mana onye dere ya nwere talent na akwara". Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwu "Wilson bụ onye edemede kwesịrị ilele - maka ụgwọ akwụkwọ akụkọ niile dị ugbu a na mkpesa, enweghị mmasị onwe onye." <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v11/n12/zachary-leader/down-and-out-in-london-and-amis|title=Down and Out in London and Amis|first=Zachary|author=Leader|journal=London Review of Books|date=22 June 1989|volume=11|issue=12}}</ref> * Liam Callanan na ''New York Times'' na-ede, "Onyinyo nke ''Ulysses'' na-adaba nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọgba aghara amamihe nke Bogle na gburugburu London n'ime ogologo izu ụka na-esetịpụ ihe doro anya na njem Bloom na-agagharị na Dublin, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ókè nke parody." na-ekwubi "Site n'ịkọwa na-egbu mgbu minutiae nke enweghị ebe obibi na aching ziri ezi, Bogle ịga nke ọma na-eme ka onye iro nke ndụ n'okporo ámá na London yiri fọrọ nke nta ka obi ọjọọ dị ka chiri anya ụjọ nke Belfast. Ọ bụ unsettlingly nwụrụ anwụ na ya nkọwa nke otu jọgburu onwe ya merenụ mgbe e mesịrị. Kedu ụzọ ka mma isi kpalite ụwa nke enweghị isi na ime ihe ike karịa ime ka onye na-agụ ya ghara ịma onye na-akọ akụkọ siri ike - na mgbagwoju anya? site n'ịtụgharị n'usoro ntụgharị nke enweghị afọ ojuju na njedebe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ?" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/05/17/reviews/980517.17callant.html|title=Bad Scenes in Belfast and London|work=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> == Ndozigharị ọkwa == Emebere ya maka ogbo ahụ na 1997 na Theatre503 mgbe Richard Hurst <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/London/Theatre503/Play/Ripley-Bogle/L1399491300/|title=Archive for Ripley Bogle at Theatre503, London. 1997. [PLAY]|first=UK Theatre|author=Web|work=UK Theatre Web|access-date=2024-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402203021/https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/London/Theatre503/Play/Ripley-Bogle/L1399491300/|archive-date=2024-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> duziri ya na 2005 mgbe onye omee Sean O Tarpaigh mere (na Camden People's Theatre). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/review.php/8081/ripley-bogle|title=The Stage review}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fringereport.com/0505ripleybogle.php |title=Ripley Bogle Verdict: Homeless man drama |accessdate=2024-04-02 |archivedate=2016-03-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235207/http://www.fringereport.com/0505ripleybogle.php }}</ref> == Hụkwa == *  Novels portal == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/w/wilson-ripley.html Isi nke Mbụ online] * [http://www.readinggroupguides.com/guides_r/ripley_bogle1.asp Ntuziaka otu ọgụgụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200927092608/http://152.44.44.245/news.php?id=1456 ''Poker007''] 5v9qgqe4z7xb5czhh508o1f5m0qb4z6 Open Architecture Network 0 40656 743456 158158 2026-11-05T12:39:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Sustainable_Portable_Classroom_-_The_Learning_Kit.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px| Atụmatụ imewe klaasị na-adigide]] {{Databox}}'''Mepee Architecture Network''' bụ obodo izizi mepere emepe n'ụwa niile raara onwe ya nye iji kwalite ọnọdụ ibi ndụ zuru ụwa ọnụ site na imepụta ihe ọhụrụ na nke na-adigide . Ọ bụ Architecture for Humanity mepụtara ya wee webata ikikere Creative Commons n'ime ngwaọrụ njikwa ọrụ. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Open Architecture Network malitere mgbe otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya, Cameron Sinclair, meriri 2006 TED Prize site na ogbako Technology Entertainment Design . Ihe nrite a na-enye onye ọ bụla nnata 'otu chọrọ ịgbanwe ụwa'. Beta Version ewepụtara na TED2007 na Maachị 8, 2007. N'oge na-adịghị anya ka mwepụta ahụ gasịrị, AMD kwupụtara nkwado nke 2007 Open Architecture Challenge, asọmpi imewe emepe emepe iji wuo ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. == Ebumnuche == Ebumnuche nke netwọk ahụ bụ ikwe ka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ndị na-emepụta ihe, ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ na ndị isi obodo ka ha kesaa echiche, atụmatụ na atụmatụ ọhụrụ na-adigide. Lelee ma nyochaa atụmatụ ndị ọzọ biputere. Soro ibe gị na-emekọ ihe, ndị nọ n'ọrụ ndị ọzọ na ndị isi obodo iji dozie ihe ịma aka imewe akọwapụtara. Jikwaa oru ngo site n'echiche ruo na mmejuputa iwu. Chebe ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi ha site na iji sistemu ikike ikike “ụfọdụ ikike echekwabara” ma bụrụkwa nke a na-akwadoghị. == Hụkwa == * Ime ụlọ mepere emepe == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|Open Architecture Network}} N'oge na-adịghị anya ka mwepụta ahụ gasịrị, AMD kwupụtara nkwado nke 2007 Open Architecture Challenge, asọmpi imewe * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150317041525/http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/ Ụdị echekwabara nke OpenArchitectureNetwork.org] * [http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/11/features/design12.php Ebumnuche ndị mmadụ, Ngwọta teknụzụ-Savvy] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070319232115/http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,72902-0.html Framing Open Source Architecture] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070827190819/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jul2007/id2007079_595150.htm Weebụ 2.0 na-aga ọrụ] g7p2mbdv55pcjm3ollrkzcgspzlpjm1 Snowball Earth (manga) 0 42067 743540 692050 2026-11-06T01:41:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 6 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Snowball Earth (Japanese: スノウボールアース, Hepburn: Sunoubōru Āsu) is a Japanese [[manga]] series written and illustrated by Yuhiro Tsujitsugu. It has been serialized in [[Shogakukan]]'s [[Ngwa manga|''seinen'' manga]] magazine ''[[Nnukwu mmụọ ọchị ọchị kwa ọnwa|Monthly Big Comic Spirits]]'' since January 2021. == Mbipụta == Yuhiro Tsujitsugu dere ma gosipụta ya, ''Snowball Earth'' ka edoberela usoro na akwụkwọ akụkọ Shogakukan <nowiki><i id="mwHA">seinen</i></nowiki> manga ''Monthly Big Comic Spirits'' kemgbe Jenụwarị 27, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/413943|work=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|accessdate=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=January 27, 2021|archivedate=January 4, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104224826/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/413943}}</ref> Shogakukan achịkọtala isiakwụkwọ ya n'ime {{Lang|ja-latn|[[tankōbon]]}} nke ọ bụla mpịakọta. E wepụtara mpịakọta mbụ na Jenụwarị 30, 2021. <ref name="Vol1-Natalie">{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438946|work=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|accessdate=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=January 30, 2021|archivedate=December 5, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205015334/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438946}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438946 <bdi lang="ja">庵野秀明も「続きが楽しみです」と称賛、新鋭・辻次夕日郎の近未来SFサバイバル1巻</bdi>]. ''[[Natalie (webụsaịtị)|Comic Natalie]]'' (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. January 30, 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205015334/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438946 Archived] from the original on December 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)]] [[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]</ref> Ruo Ọktoba 30, 2023, ewepụtara mpịakọta isii. Na June 2023, Viz Media kwuputara na ha enyela ikike manga maka mmepụta Bekee na North America, malite na Q2 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|title=Viz Reveals 18 New Releases for Spring 2024 Including Tokyo These Days, Gokurakugai, Snowball Earth Manga, More|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-06-10/viz-reveals-18-new-releases-for-spring-2024-including-tokyo-these-days-gokurakugai-snowball-earth-/.198999|work=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=June 11, 2023|date=June 10, 2023|archivedate=July 16, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716051441/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-06-10/viz-reveals-18-new-releases-for-spring-2024-including-tokyo-these-days-gokurakugai-snowball-earth-/.198999}}</ref> === Mpịakọta === {{Graphic novel list/header|OneLanguage=no|Language=Japanese}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=1|RelDate=July 30, 2021<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:【7月30日付】本日発売の単行本リスト|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438699|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=July 30, 2021|archive-date=February 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223011315/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438699|url-status=dead|title=Archive copy|accessdate=April 13, 2024|archivedate=February 23, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223011315/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/438699}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-861107-2|LicensedRelDate=April 16, 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=Snowball Earth, Vol. 1|url=https://www.viz.com/read/manga/snowball-earth-volume-1/product/7817|publisher=[[Viz Media]]|access-date=January 5, 2024}}</ref>|LicensedISBN=978-1-9747-4377-3}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=2|RelDate=November 30, 2021<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:【11月30日付】本日発売の単行本リスト|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/455426|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=November 30, 2021|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201054538/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/455426|url-status=dead|title=Archive copy|accessdate=April 13, 2024|archivedate=December 1, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201054538/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/455426}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-861187-4|LicensedRelDate=July 16, 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=Snowball Earth, Vol. 2|url=https://www.viz.com/read/manga/snowball-earth-volume-2/product/7910|publisher=[[Viz Media]]|access-date=March 29, 2024}}</ref>|LicensedISBN=978-1-9747-4615-6}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=3|RelDate=March 30, 2022<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:【3月30日付】本日発売の単行本リスト|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/471636|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=March 30, 2022|archive-date=July 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729015847/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/471636|url-status=dead|title=Archive copy|accessdate=April 13, 2024|archivedate=July 29, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729015847/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/471636}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-861263-5|LicensedRelDate=—|LicensedISBN=}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=4|RelDate=August 30, 2022<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:【8月30日付】本日発売の単行本リスト|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/490761|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=August 30, 2022|archive-date=September 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902153855/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/490761|url-status=dead|title=Archive copy|accessdate=April 13, 2024|archivedate=September 2, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902153855/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/490761}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-8613960|LicensedRelDate=—|LicensedISBN=}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=5|RelDate=February 28, 2023<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:【2月28日付】本日発売の単行本リスト|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/514440|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=February 28, 2023|archive-date=March 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065124/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/514440|url-status=dead|title=Archive copy|accessdate=April 13, 2024|archivedate=March 20, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065124/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/514440}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-861589-6|LicensedRelDate=—|LicensedISBN=}} {{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=6|RelDate=October 30, 2023<ref name="vol6">{{cite web|script-title=ja:【10月30日付】本日発売の単行本リスト|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/544932|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=November 25, 2023|language=ja|date=October 30, 2023|archive-date=November 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121100231/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/544932|url-status=dead|title=Archive copy|accessdate=April 13, 2024|archivedate=November 21, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121100231/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/544932}}</ref>|ISBN=978-4-09-862646-5|LicensedRelDate=—|LicensedISBN=}} {{Graphic novel list/footer}} == nnabata == Nke manga kwadoro site animator na director Hideaki Anno, <ref name="Vol1-Natalie"/> video egwuregwu Onye kere Hideo Kojima, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://realsound.jp/book/2021/12/post-921376.html|work=Real Sound|publisher=Blueprint Co., Ltd.|accessdate=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=December 9, 2021|archivedate=January 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128071755/https://realsound.jp/book/2021/12/post-921376.html}}</ref> na manga artist One . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/471885|work=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|accessdate=June 11, 2023|language=ja|date=March 30, 2022|archivedate=August 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808173913/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/471885}}</ref> == Edensibia == kwuputara na ha enyela ikike manga maka mmepụta Bekee na North America, malite na Q2 2024kwuputara na ha enyela ikike manga maka mmepụta Bekee na North America, malite na Q2 2024{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website at Big Comic Bros (in Japanese) * Snowball Earth at Anime News Network's encyclopedia r5lrmehgz0mb1tt4gzx4s6ycdvz7gd1 Omume Na-emebi Ihe 0 42178 743454 160292 2026-11-05T12:01:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Decadent Action''' bụ ihe ịkwa emo "òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/743579|title=BFI &#124; Film & TV Database &#124; Decadent Action|work=ftvdb.bfi.org.uk|accessdate=14 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406181859/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/743579|archivedate=6 April 2012}}</ref> na "High Street anarchist-guerrilla organisation" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monoculartimes.co.uk/counterculture/decadentaction.shtml|title=&#124;&#124;&#124;&#91; Decadent Action Manifesto &#93;&#124;&#124;&#124;&#91; (Under the) Counter Culture &#93;&#124;&#124;&#124;&#91; Monocular Times &#93;&#124;&#124;&#124;}}</ref> (ma ọ bụ omenala jammers ) nke rụrụ ụka na ọ bụ naanị kredit ndakpọ site n'ịmefu oke ndị ahịa nwere ike iweta njedebe nke ikekete ego . Ọ rụrụ ụka na iweta oke onu oriri site na mmefu ego nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-akwụghị ụgwọ bụ naanị ihe ndọghachi azụ nke nwere ike ịkpalite ndakpọ akụ na ụba nke a na-ebu amụma mgbanwe ọ bụla. Ya mere, ọ kwalitere echiche nke kredit enweghị ọrụ yana imefu oke ego na nchụso hedonistic iji nweta ebumnobi ya. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Idler'' na mgbe ahụ Stewart Home 's ''Mind Invaders: A Reader in Psychic Warfare, Cultural Sabotage and Semiotic Terrorism'' (1997). Ndị otu a ama ama maka ịhazi ụbọchị mbụ ekwentị na ọrịa ọrịa, nke hụrụ ọtụtụ puku British Airways na Irish Garda na-akpọ ọrịa ka ha rụọ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gatt.org/sick2000.html|title=Comparing Satellite Internet &#124; Satellite Internet &#124; American TV}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Omenala ọzọ * Mgbochi ahịa * Omenala mkpọchi == Edensibia == iweta oke onu oriri site na mmefu ego nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-akwụghị ụgwọ bụ naanị ihe{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.monoculartimes.co.uk/counterculture/decadentaction.shtml Decadent Action manifesto (edobere)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121023234947/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2000/04/35912 Iberibe ''wired'' n'ụbọchị ọrịa ekwentị] * [http://www.alternet.org/story/9078/ Akụkọ AlterNet] g6dgpt3nd084gtp6a5h83nktav2f4mq Richard Mabala 0 44306 743496 197362 2026-11-05T19:12:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743496 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Richard Frank Satterthwaite (amụrụ 11 Disemba n'afọ 1949), nke a ma ama dịka Richard Mabala,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-02|title=For Mabala, writing is more than a hobby|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/success/for-mabala-writing-is-more-than-a-hobby-2492898|access-date=2022-12-27|website=The Citizen|language=en}}</ref>bụ onye Tanzania amụrụ onye odee, onye na-elekọta mmadụ,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Richard Mabala amkosoa Rais Magufuli [Archive] - MwanaHALISI Forum|url=http://mwanahalisiforum.com/archive/index.php/t-11708.html|access-date=2022-12-28|website=mwanahalisiforum.com|accessdate=2024-05-11|archivedate=2022-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228001930/http://mwanahalisiforum.com/archive/index.php/t-11708.html}}</ref> onye na-ede akwụkwọ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Richard Mabala|url=https://www.africaportal.org/contributors/richard-mabala/|access-date=2022-12-27|website=Africa Portal}}</ref> na agụmakwụkwọ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-04|title=Masomo na mitihani itolewe kwa Kiswahili- Mabala {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://www.eatv.tv/news/current-affairs/masomo-na-mitihani-itolewe-kwa-kiswahili-mabala|access-date=2022-12-28|website=www.eatv.tv|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004090635/https://www.eatv.tv/news/current-affairs/masomo-na-mitihani-itolewe-kwa-kiswahili-mabala|archive-date=2021-10-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-07|title=Mabala: Sheria ikifuatwa shule nyingi zitafungwa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mabala-sheria-ikifuatwa-shule-nyingi-zitafungwa-3644984|access-date=2022-12-27|website=Mwananchi|language=en}}</ref> nke a ma ama maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Hawa The Bus Driver,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-04|title=Masomo na mitihani itolewe kwa Kiswahili- Mabala {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://www.eatv.tv/news/current-affairs/masomo-na-mitihani-itolewe-kwa-kiswahili-mabala|access-date=2022-12-28|website=www.eatv.tv|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004090635/https://www.eatv.tv/news/current-affairs/masomo-na-mitihani-itolewe-kwa-kiswahili-mabala|archive-date=2021-10-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mabala The Farmer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-02|title=CAREER PROFILE :Meet Mabala the ticklish tale writer|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/success/career-profile-meet-mabala-the-ticklish-tale-writer-2537204|access-date=2022-12-27|website=The Citizen|language=en}}</ref>''' '''and Run Free nke nwetara ya CODE's Burt Award maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-28|title=Run Free|url=https://www.burtaward.org/book/run-free|access-date=2022-12-27|website=CODE's Burt Literary Awards|language=en|accessdate=2024-05-11|archivedate=2022-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227151247/https://www.burtaward.org/book/run-free}}</ref>''' == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Mabala <ref>{{Cite web|author=TZA|first=Rama Mwelondo|title=Richard Mabala kataja njia muhimu za kupunguza mimba za utotoni na ubakaji|url=https://millardayo.com/hy667y/|accessdate=2022-12-28|work=Millard Ayo|language=en-US}}</ref> na United Kingdom. Ọ kwagara [[Tanzania]] n'afọ 1973 dịka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na Ọrụ afọ ofufo Overseas. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ise mbụ nke Britain ka a hapụrụ ịbanye na mba ahụ mgbe Tanzania kwụsịrị mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na Britain maka nnwere onwe nke [[Zimbabwe]] wee ghọọ nwa amaala Tanzania n'afọ 1982 mgbe ọ hapụsịrị paspọtụ ya <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-23|title=MWANDISHI MABALA: KITABU KIPYA KITAKUWA NA MAMBO HAYA - Watetezi Media|url=https://watetezi.co.tz/mwandishi-mabala-kitabu-kipya-kitakuwa-na-mambo-haya/|accessdate=2022-12-28|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228001515/https://watetezi.co.tz/mwandishi-mabala-kitabu-kipya-kitakuwa-na-mambo-haya/}}</ref> iji ghọọ onye ọrụ Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-28|title=Kisa Mabala kuukana uraia wa Uingereza|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/kisa-mabala-kuukana-uraia-wa-uingereza-3731830|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=Mwananchi|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Dar es Salaam . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mabala|first=Richard|date=2020-12-24|title=Richard Mabala: Je, Kupata Nafasi ya Shule Ni Kupata Nafasi ya Elimu? - The Chanzo Initiative|url=https://thechanzo.com/2020/12/24/richard-mabala-je-kupata-nafasi-ya-shule-ni-kupata-nafasi-ya-elimu/,%20https://thechanzo.com/2020/12/24/richard-mabala-je-kupata-nafasi-ya-shule-ni-kupata-nafasi-ya-elimu/|accessdate=2022-12-28|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=cfeditoren|date=2022-02-27|title=Mabala's 40 years in Tanzania and advice on Kiswahili|url=https://www.africa-press.net/tanzania/all-news/mabalas-40-years-in-tanzania-and-advice-on-kiswahili|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=Tanzania|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ningekuwa na uwezo ningewapeleka Watanzania Ulaya – Mwl Richard Mabala – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/ningekuwa-na-uwezo-ningewapeleka-watanzania-ulaya-mwl-richard-mabala-07-2017/|accessdate=2022-12-28|work=bongo5.com}}</ref> Mabala bụ ugbu a (dị ka ọ dị na Eprel 2024) Onye isi oche Tanzania nke Asante Africa Foundation bụ òtù nn-erite uru nke na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ntorobịa na Tanzania, Uganda na Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asanteafrica.org/global-team/#senior|title=Staff - Asante Africa Foundation|accessdate=3 April 2024}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ edemede == === Akwụkwọ === === Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ === * 2008: Youth and The Hood<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mabala|first=Richard|date=April 2011|title=Youth and "the hood" - livelihoods and neighbourhoods|journal=Environment and Urbanization|language=en|volume=23|issue=1|pages=157–181|doi=10.1177/0956247810396986|issn=0956-2478}}</ref> (Environment and Urbanization) * 2012/2013: ''Sisi ni sisimizi'', ''Musa si Mzigo'' and ''Soma Kabula Soma'' * 2007: ''Makengeza'' (in Mwananchi) and ''Binti Hidaya'' (in Raia Mwema) == Edensidee == == Ihe ndị ọzọ e dere == * {{Cite web|title=Richard Mabala - Academia.edu|url=https://independent.academia.edu/RichardMabala/CurriculumVitae|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=independent.academia.edu}} * {{Cite web|title=Richard Mabala|url=https://www.africanwritersconference.com/portfolio-posts/richard-mabala/|accessdate=2022-12-27|work=African Writers Conference|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228033006/https://www.africanwritersconference.com/portfolio-posts/richard-mabala/}} * {{Cite web|title=Richard Mabala|url=https://www.iied.org/people/richard-mabala|accessdate=2022-12-28|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|language=en}} * {{Cite web|title=Richard Mabala|url=https://www.vijana.fm/tag/richard-mabala/|accessdate=2022-12-28|work=Vijana FM|language=en-US}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [[Twitter]].com/MabalaMakengeza" id="mwAZs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Richard Mabala na Twitter [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] q1wtxxp4b8wunswkyqcqv7jehk4ahcn Peter-Lee Vassell 0 44710 743469 638407 2026-11-05T15:21:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743469 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Peter-Lee Vassell''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1998) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] na Jamaika nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti Hartford Athletic na Ndị otu mba Jamaika. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Vassell tolitere na St. James parish na Jamaica n'ezinụlọ na-agba bọọlụ. Ọ gara Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Howard Cooke Praịmarị na Kọleji Cornwall . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jamaica-star.com/article/sports/20190115/more-reasons-smile-peter-lee-vassell-makes-sick-dad-feel-better|title=More reasons to smile ... Peter-Lee Vassell makes sick dad feel better|date=15 January 2019|work=The Star|accessdate=9 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223203455/http://jamaica-star.com/article/sports/20190115/more-reasons-smile-peter-lee-vassell-makes-sick-dad-feel-better|archive-date=23 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Klọb === Vassell bidoro ọru na Faulkland FC na Montego Bayna na Western Super League,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sports/Vassell-double-spurs-Faulkland-in-Western-Confed-Super-League_91527?profile=1498|title=Vassell double spurs Faulkland in Western Confed Super League|date=5 March 2017|accessdate=25 January 2019|publisher=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> tupu ya na Montego Bay United nọrọ oge ụfọdụ na RSPL.[3] Ọ kwagara na Harbor View tupu oge 2017-18 RSPL.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sports/mbu-rally-to-edge-harbour-view_120322?profile=15?profile=15|title=MBU rally to edge Harbour View|date=19 December 2017|accessdate=25 January 2019|publisher=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2019, Los Angeles FC dere Vassell ma bịanye aka na ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/sports/20190112/peter-lee-vassell-signed-la-fc|title=Peter-Lee Vassell Signed By LA FC|date=12 January 2019|accessdate=25 January 2019|publisher=Jamaica Gleaner}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, a gbazinyere Vassell n'aka Phoenix Rising FC nke USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phxrisingfc.com/news_article/show/1041921|title=PHOENIX RISING FC ACQUIRES MIDFIELDER PETER-LEE VASSELL ON LOAN FROM LAFC|date=15 August 2019|accessdate=15 August 2019|publisher=Phoenix Rising FC|archivedate=15 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815192945/https://www.phxrisingfc.com/news_article/show/1041921}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Vassell sonyeere Indy Eleven na USL Championship tupu oge 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indyeleven.com/news_article/show/1160310|title=INDY ELEVEN SIGNS JAMAICAN INTERNATIONAL PETER-LEE VASSELL|date=26 April 2021|accessdate=26 April 2021|publisher=Indy Eleven}}</ref> Mgbe oge 2021 gasịrị, a mara ọkwa na Indy Eleven jụrụ nhọrọ nkwekọrịta Vassell.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslchampionship.com/news_article/show/1197022-indy-announces-arrival-of-rebellon-jerome-for-2022-season|title=Indy Announces Arrival of Rebellon, Jerome for 2022 Season|author=USLChampionship com Staff|date=December 3, 2021|work=USL Championship}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2022, Vassell sonyeere Hartford Athletic na USL Championship tupu oge 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Nutmeg_State/status/14809326234174914630|title=PETER-LEE VASSELL TO HARTFORD|date=11 January 2022|accessdate=11 January 2022|publisher=Nutmeg State}}</ref> === Mba Nile === A na-ejide Vassell n'okpuru afọ iri na asaa, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/U17-Boyz-defeat-Cuba-3-0--advance-to-CFU-final|title=U17 Boyz defeat Cuba 3-0, advance to CFU final|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=25 January 2019|publisher=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> n'okpuru iri abụọ, n'okpuru iri abụọ na atọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsmax.tv/index.php/football/regional/item/14900-jamaica-u23-squad-selected-for-late-aug-st-vincent-matches|title=Jamaica U23 squad selected for late Aug. St. Vincent matches|date=3 August 2018|accessdate=25 January 2019|publisher=Sports Max|archivedate=9 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909074003/https://www.sportsmax.tv/index.php/football/regional/item/14900-jamaica-u23-squad-selected-for-late-aug-st-vincent-matches}}</ref> na ọkwa ndị okenye maka Jamaika. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hvfc.net/news/ricardo-bibi-gardner-lists-invitees-for-national-under-20-squad/#.XEuXBVX7SUl|title=Ricardo 'Bibi' Gardner lists invitees for National Under 20 squad|date=10 January 2016|accessdate=25 January 2019|publisher=Harbour View F.C.|archivedate=9 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909074020/http://hvfc.net/news/ricardo-bibi-gardner-lists-invitees-for-national-under-20-squad/#.XEuXBVX7SUl}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|25 January 2019.}}<ref>{{Soccerway|peter-lee--vassell/471315|accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="2" |Ebe Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Na-ahụ |2017–18 | rowspan="2" |Njikọ Premier nke Mba |30 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |30 |2 |- |2018–19 |14 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |14 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |'''Ngụkọta''' !44 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !44 !3 |} ; Ihe edeturu === Mba Ụwa === {{updated|match played 25 January 2019.}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=70881|accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" |Jamaica |2018 |9 |5 |- |2019 |7 |1 |- |2020 |0 |0 |- |2021 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !17 !6 |} === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa === : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Jamaica na mbụ.'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" !Mba !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |29 Eprel 2018 |Sir Vivian Richards Stadium, North Sound, Antigua na Barbuda | Antigua na Barbuda | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="4" |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |2. | rowspan="2" |17 Ọgọst 2018 | rowspan="2" |Kirani James Athletic Stadium, Saint George's, Grenada | rowspan="2" | Grenada | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–1 |- |3. | align="center" |3–0 |- |4. |20 Ọgọst 2018 |Wildey Turf, Bridgetown, [[Barbados]] | Barbados | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |2–2 |- |5. |14 Ọktoba 2018 |Ergilio Hato Stadium, Willemstad, Curaçao | Bonaire | align="center" |5–0 | align="center" |6–0 |2019-20 CONCACAF Nations League iru eru |- |6. |6 Septemba 2019 |[[Montego Bay]] Sports Complex">Montego Bay Sports Complex, Montego Bay, [[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]] | Antigua na Barbuda | align="center" |6–0 | align="center" |6–0 |2019-20 CONCACAF Nations League B |} == Ebe m si dee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Peter-Lee VassellnaEgwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183240/http://caribbeanfootballdatabase.com/jamaica/players/peterleevassell.html Peter-Lee Vassell] na Caribbeanfootballdatabase.com [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 36pqyycwwk8upf273kaqy4s36urrz4h Saịrọs Kabiru 0 44940 743525 452464 2026-11-05T23:19:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Cyrus Kabiru|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1984}}|birth_place=[[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]|occupation=Visual artist|known_for=Sculptural eyewear and other wearables made of found objects|movement=[[Afrofuturism]]}} {{Databox}}'''Cyrus Kabiru''' (amụrụ 1984 ) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Kenya, onye na-akụzi onwe ya. <ref name=":1" /> A maara ya maka akwa anya ọkpụkpụ ya nke ihe ndị a chọtara mere, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Musanga|first=Mukanzi|date=2022-03-05|title=Cyrus Kabiru|url=https://africanah.org/cyrus-kabiru/|accessdate=2024-02-23|work=AFRICANAH.ORG|language=en-US}}</ref> na akụkụ nke omenala Afrofuturism . <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Marshall|first=Julia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hFhlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|title=Teaching Contemporary Art with Young People: Themes in Art for K-12 Classrooms|date=2021|publisher=Teachers College Press|isbn=978-0-8077-6574-6|pages=61|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Alteveer|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiNeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|title=Before Yesterday We Could Fly: An Afrofuturist Period Room|date=2022-02-04|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-1-58839-745-4|pages=11|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Akintobi|first=Lamide|date=2021-07-28|title=From the 'C-Stunner' to the 'Black Mamba,' Kenya's Cyrus Kabiru rides wave of success with new creations made from scrap|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/cyrus-kabiru-kenya-art-spc-intl/index.html|accessdate=2023-06-16|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == [[Usòrò:Niños_marroquíes_en_visita_guiada_por_el_MACAAL_01.jpg|thumb| Ụmụntakịrị si Casablanca, Morocco, na-eleta ihe ngosi nka "Ara ara" (2019) na Marrakech's [[Museum of African Contemporary Art Al Maaden]] (MACAAL). Ọrụ nke Cyrus Kabiru.]] Cyrus Kabiru bụ onye na-ese ihe a na-ahụ anya nke a mụrụ na 1984 na Nairobi, Kenya; <ref>{{Cite book|author=Artnobel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6INGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|title=Revista 8: María Ignacia Edwards: Replicando el orden del universo|publisher=Artnobel.es|pages=52|language=es}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> otu n'ime ụmụaka isii bi n'obere ụlọ chere ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=CyrUs kaBIrU|url=https://nataal.com/cyrus-kabiru|accessdate=2024-05-05|work=nataal.com|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye akụkọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ banyere nna ya na-arụzi enyo na ihe ndị a tụfuru atụfu, ọ nwere mmasị n'ịmepụta ihe site n'ịkwalite ihe ndị a chọtara ihe na ahịhịa. <ref name=":6" /> Kabiru kụziri onwe ya n'iche echiche nka malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata, n'agbanyeghị ọchịchọ nna ya ịchụso ọrụ dị iche na injinịa eletrọnịkị. Kabiru na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe mkpali ya maka ọrụ ọ na-aga n'ihu n'aka nna ya na ahụmahụ ha na-ekerịta. <ref name=":6" /> A maara Kabiru maka ụdị mbinye aka ya, na-ejikarị ihe ndị a chọtara na-arụ ọrụ ọkpụkpụ ya. <ref name=":1"/> Site n'iji ihe ndị a chọtara, Kabiru na-enye ndụ ọhụrụ na ihe ochie, ọrụ ahụ na-ejikwa isiokwu ndị dị ka mgbanwe na echiche nke ọdịnihu. <ref name=":1" /> Mgbe o kechara ihe ọkpụkpụ ya, ọ na-esekarị foto dị ka ihe osise onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Rinehart|first=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBNgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT45|title=Screen Time: Photography and Video Art in the Internet Age|date=2022-01-21|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-1-68448-415-7|pages=45|language=en}}</ref> Omume nka Kabiru na-agbakọta ihe ọkpụkpụ, nka, foto, imewe na ejiji. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Cyrus Kabiru|url=https://zeitzmocaa.museum/artists/cyrus-kabiru/|accessdate=2023-06-16|work=Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa ([[Zeitz MOCAA]])|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ahụmịhe ya na nka bụ nke a kụziiri onwe ya, ọrụ ya malitere na 2007 mgbe mbụ o gosipụtara na Kuona Trust Visual Arts Center na Nairobi, Kenya. <ref name=":6"/> === Afrofuturism === Ojiji Kabiru na-eji ihe ndị a tụfuru atụfu—nke na-abụkarị akụkụ eletrọnịkị, junk ma ọ bụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ—bụ iji kpalite echiche nke ọdịnihu cyberpunk nwere myirịta anya na ọla na akụkọ ifo ndị Africa. N'ịmata dị ka onye Afrofuturist, ọ na-achọ iwulite ọrụ ya n'ụzọ na-ejikọta akụkọ sayensị na ihe ịchọ mma ọdịnala, na-ejigide ụdị onwe onye na-agbanwe agbanwe. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bigoni|first=Clara|date=2019-09-14|title=Afrofuturism: Liberation and inclusion beyond literature with N. K. Jemisin|url=https://www.roots-routes.org/afrofuturism-liberation-and-inclusion-beyond-literature-with-n-k-jemisin-by-clara-bigoni/|accessdate=2024-03-28|work=roots§routes|language=}}</ref> A na-eto ọrụ ya maka iji ụdị ya pụrụ iche gbanwee echiche ndị na-ekiri ya, na-aga n'ihu n'okwu n'etiti mkparịta ụka nke ubi ọgụgụ isi nke Africa, na ịchọpụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti oge gara aga na ọdịnihu. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Klein|first=Amelie|date=2015|title=What Design Can and Should Be Doing in the 21st Century: Ten Proposals.|url=https://www.design-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Bilder/Ausstellungen/A63_Making_Africa/Essay_Amelie_Klein.pdf|journal=Making Africa: A Continent of Contemporary Design|pages=26–33}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Constandius|first=Elmarie|date=2023|title=Visual Redress in Africa from Indigenous and New Materialist Perspectives|journal=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group|volume=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Pirker|first=Eva Ulrike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGGmEAAAQBAJ&q=kenyan+photographer+cyrus+kabiru|title=Afrofuturism's Transcultural Trajectories: Resistant Imaginaries Between Margins and Mainstreams|date=2023-02-28|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2023|isbn=9781003358374|location=605 Third Avenue, New York, NY|language=en}}</ref> Egosiputala ọrụ Kabiru n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Afrofuturist, gụnyere Metropolitan Museum of Art 's ''Tupu ụnyaahụ anyị nwere ike ife efe: Ụlọ oge Afrofuturist.'' <ref name="AlteveerIan">{{Cite book|author=Alteveer|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiNeEAAAQBAJ&dq=before+yesterday+we+could+fly&pg=PA3|title=Before Yesterday We Could Fly: An Afrofuturist Period Room|date=2022-02-04|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|isbn=978-1-58839-745-4|pages=4–17|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe osise ama ama == === Usoro C-Stunners === Usoro C-Stunners-nke so n'usoro ya a ma ama-bụ nchịkọta na-aga n'ihu nke ihe osise enyo anya na-adịghị mma, nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nwere ụdị dị iche iche. Kabiru malitere mmepụta usoro nke usoro a n'afọ 2011, mana ọ na-eme ihe ọkpụkpụ yiri nke a kemgbe ọ bụ nwata. N'otu aka ahụ dị ka akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ihe osise anụ ahụ ya, a na-eji ihe arụgharịrị arụgharị C-Stunners, dị ka akụkụ eletrik a tụfuru na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ. <ref name=":3"/> Dị ka Kabiru si kwuo, aha 'C-Stunners' bụ iji gosi aha onye na-ese ihe (Cyrus) na-esote nkwupụta nke otú o si emetụta ndị na-ege ntị; mmeghachi omume <nowiki>''</nowiki> tụrụ n'anya. Usoro C-Stunners enwetala ntụle maka ịkpọbata echiche ọhụrụ site n'aka ndị na-ekiri ka ha si aghọta omenala ndị Africa. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oboe|first=Annalisa|date=2019|title=Sculptural Eyewear and Cyberfemmes: Afrofuturist Arts|url=https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3303344/1/4.Oboe.pdf|journal=From the European South: A Transdisciplinary Journal of Postcolonial Humanities|volume=4|pages=31–44|issn=2531-4130}}</ref> A na-egosipụtakarị foto foto onwe onye nke Kabiru na-eyi ibe ndị a dị ka ọrụ nke aka ha, dị ka nchịkọta ''Macho Nne'' ''.'' <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Langué|first=Yvon|date=2019-09-02|title=Material Insanity|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17496772.2019.1678887|journal=The Journal of Modern Craft|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=275–280|doi=10.1080/17496772.2019.1678887|issn=1749-6772}}</ref> === Black Mamba usoro === Usoro ''Black Mamba'' bụ ụdị ihe osise agbakọtara ka ọ yie ụdị ụdị igwe kwụ otu ebe nke India nwere otu aha. Kabiru kere usoro a dị ka nkwanye ugwu maka ika ahụ, nke hụrụ iji ya eme ihe dị ka usoro njem na Kenya, n'agbanyeghị na igwe igwe ndị a ejirila nwayọ hụ obere ọrụ n'ihi mmepe obodo na mpaghara Africa. Kabiru na-enwekwa mmekọrịta onwe onye na igwe igwe, ebe ọ na-agba onwe ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kuo|first=Lily|date=2016-07-19|title=An artist remembers Africa's disappearing "Black Mamba" bicycles with his own whimsical designs|url=https://qz.com/africa/731916/an-artist-remembers-africas-disappearing-black-mamba-bicycles-with-his-own-whimsical-designs|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=Quartz|language=en}}</ref> Usoro ihe osise a ahụla mkpughe ọha na eze, jikọtara ya na mmalite nke ''njedebe nke Black Mamba,'' usoro ihe nkiri nke Kabiru mekwara. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-03|title=Presentation of "The End of Black Mamba I" by Cyrus Kabiru {{!}} Activities|url=https://www.cccb.org/en/activities/file/presentation-of-the-end-of-black-mamba-i-by-cyrus-kabiru/223870|accessdate=2024-03-29|work=CCCB: Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona|language=en}}</ref> === ''Miyale Ya Blue,'' 2020 === ''Miyale Ya Blue'' (2020) bụ 60 x 65 x 15cm. ihe akpụrụ akpụ ejiri mkpofu eletrọnịkị na ihe ndị yiri ihe junk kpụrụ akpụ, nke agba agba na ihe ịchọ mma a na-ahụ anya chọọ ya mma, <ref name="AlteveerIan"/> na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ nke yiri redio emebere ya. Kabiru nwetara mkpali maka usoro isiokwu a site na ahụmịhe nke onwe ya na redio transistor; Mpempe akwụkwọ a na-enweta aha ya site na okwu Swahili 'miyale' (nke pụtara 'ụzarị') ịkpọku ụzarị anyanwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-19|title=Meet the Artists: Cyrus Kabiru {{!}} Perspectives|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/videos/2022/4/afpr-cyrus-kabiru-interview|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|language=en}}</ref> A na-egosi ''Miyale Ya Blue'' na Metropolitan Museum of Art na New York City ma bụrụ nke e gosipụtara n'etiti nchịkọta ihe osise Afrofuturist. <ref name="AlteveerIan" /> == Ihe ngosi == === Ihe ngosi Solo === * (2015) ''C-Stunners & Black Mamba,'' SMAC Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa. <ref name=":2"/> * (2011) ''Cyrus Kabiru,'' Kuntspodium T Gallery, Tilburg, Netherlands. <ref name=":2" /> * (2010) ''Mwube'' ''(na-abịa),'' Kuona Trust, Nairobi, Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Njathika|date=2010-08-02|title=Art Exhibition: Constructions, Aug 7-31 2010 @ Kuona Trust|url=https://nairobinow.wordpress.com/2010/08/02/art-exhibition-constructions-aug-7-31-2010-kuona-trust/|accessdate=2024-05-05|work=Nairobi Now :: Arts, Culture and Events|language=en}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi otu === * (2021) ''Tupu ụnyaahụ, anyị nwere ike ịfe: Afrofuturist Period Room'', The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, USA. <ref name=":0"/> * (2014) [[Lagos Photo|Lagos Photo Festival]], Lagos, Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kermeliotis|first=Teo|date=2013-11-13|title=Lagos photo festival puts mega city in the spotlight|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/11/13/world/africa/lagos-photo-festival/index.html|accessdate=2024-05-05|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> * (2013) ''Afrofuture: Adventure na ndị na-eme ihe, ndị na-eche echiche, na ndị nrọ,'' Milan Design Week, Italy. <ref name=":2"/> * (2013) ''The Shadows were shape'', Studio Museum na Harlem, New York City, USA. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=The Shadows Took Shape|url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibitions/the-shadows-took-shape|accessdate=2024-05-05|work=Studio Museum in Harlem|language=en}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == * Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa (MOCAA), Cape Town, South Africa. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Africa First {{!}} Cyrus Kabiru|url=https://collection.africafirst.art/artists/artist/261587|accessdate=2024-05-05|work=Africa First|archivedate=2024-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505222927/https://collection.africafirst.art/artists/artist/261587}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio na Harlem, New York City, USA. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":7" /> * Nchịkọta Lemaitre, Paris, France. <ref name=":7" /> * Hans Nefkens H+F mkpokọta, Rotterdam, Netherlands. <ref name=":7" /> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=The End of Black Mamba {{!}} H+F|url=https://www.hfcollection.org/the-end-of-black-mamba/|accessdate=2024-05-05|work=H+F|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505222928/https://www.hfcollection.org/the-end-of-black-mamba/|archive-date=2024-05-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Helena Fernandino & Emilio Pi mkpokọta, Madrid, Spain. <ref name=":7" /> * Kuona Trust, Nairobi, Kenya. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> * Nchịkọta Scheryn, Cape Town, South Africa. <ref name=":7" /> * Nchịkọta Saatchi & Abel, Cape Town, South Africa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> == Mbipụta == * (2015) ''Ọgwụgwụ nke Black Mamba'', Han Nefkens H + F mkpokọta. <ref name=":8"/> == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == * (2016) Ihe nrite nke Quartz's Africa Innovators, Nairobi, Kenya. <ref name=":2"/> * (2013) Mmekọrịta TED @ ''The Young, The Gifted, The Undiscovered'', USA. <ref name=":2" /> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị nka Kenya == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/videos/2022/4/afpr-cyrus-kabiru-interview AFPR — Zute ndị nka: Cyrus Kabiru] (2022) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g8av8pt9s5z3qn3xexugcp5yoxp3z8f Ted Ellis 0 45169 743557 728416 2026-11-06T04:33:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Ted Ellis''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1963) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na onye bụbu onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. A maara Ellis nke ọma maka nka na ụdị ejiji ya nke African-American nke na-agwakọta ihe ndị dị na nka ọdịnala, naturalism na Impressionism. E gosipụtara ntụgharị onwe ya nke [[Barack Obama]] na acrylic, ''Obama, Onye isi ala nke iri anọ na anọ'', iji sọpụrụ 2009 Presidential Inauguration. Azụmaahịa nka Ellis ereela ihe karịrị nde 1.75 nke ngwaahịa nka dị mma, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama. &nbsp;A makwaara ya maka ọrụ obodo ya, ọkachasị ịkwalite nka na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka. == Ndụ onwe onye na mmalite ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Woodlands_055c.jpg|thumb|Ted Ellis na-emepụta ihe osise.]] A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na New Orleans, [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]], nye nna na-agụ egwú na nne na-elekọta ụlọ, <ref name="citizen">{{Cite news|title=Artist learns from past career|author=Mary Kegg|publisher=[[The Citizen (Clear Lake)|The Citizen]] – [[Clear Lake (region)|Clear Lake, TX]]|date=April 1998}} </ref> <ref name="gdn980322_vision">{{Cite news|title=An Artist's Vision|author=Steve Mayo|publisher=[[The Galveston Daily News]] Lifestyle|date=March 22, 1998}} </ref> Ted Ellis malitere igosi na ọ dị afọ ise. <ref name="irving_news93">{{Cite news|title=IAC to feature appealing artwork|author=Kathy A. Edgar|publisher=[[The Irving News]] Weekender|date=Jan 29 – Feb 4, 1993}} </ref><ref name="class">{{Cite news|title=Art for Art's Sake and Beyond|author=Donolyn Carrol|publisher=Class|date=27 September 1993}}</ref> Mgbalị mbụ Ellis mere n'ihe osise bụ ihe osise nke nkịta sitere na Archie Comics, nke o sere n'ụzọ ziri ezi nke na ndị enyi na ezinụlọ kwenyere na achọpụtala ya.[1] Ka ọ na-etolite, otu n'ime ihe odide kachasị amasị ya iji see bụ ''Wile E. Coyote'', ma dị ka okenye ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmasị na akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị dị ka "ihe na-enye ume ọhụrụ". [1] <ref name="city_social">{{Cite news|title=Art is Power|author=Rosalind Tuminello|publisher=[[Baton Rouge]] [[City Social]]|date=Feb 2010}} </ref> Mgbe o mere agadi, Ted ga-agba bọs naanị ya gaa n'etiti obodo New Orleans ka a hụ ya ma soro ndị na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ nọrọ oge.<ref name="upscale">{{Cite news|title=Ted Ellis: A Painter with a Purpose|author=Angela P. Moore|publisher=[[Upscale (magazine)|Upscale]]|page=58|date=April 2000}} </ref> Ya na ndị enyi ya ga-asọ mpi n'oge ezumike ha iji hụ onye nwere ike ise ihe osise kachasị mma, Ted wee gaa n'ihu na-azụlite nkà nka ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enweta akara "eju afọ" na klas nka. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, ọ gara mmemme oge okpomọkụ na New Orleans Center for Creative Arts, ma mesịa gaa mmemme mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara na Lawless High School . <ref name="citizen" /> Ellis na-ekwu na ọ maara na ọ chọrọ ịbụ onye na-ese ihe na Klas nke asaa, [1] ma na-eto onye nkuzi ya na klas ahụ maka ilekwasị ya anya.<ref name="irving_news93" /><ref name="upscale" /> == Ọrụ nka == [[Usòrò:TheebaptismII-webc.jpg|thumb|Baptism, ihe osise mbụ Ted Ellis rere n'ọtụtụ ebe.]] Ted Ellis nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na nka nke bu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ nka ya; ọ na-ese ihe n'oge niile ọ nọ na ndị agha na dị ka onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, na-arụkarị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ya.<ref name="citizen" /> E mepụtara ọrụ mbụ ya maka ndị ọrụ ibe ya abụọ na Rollins. Ha chọrọ ịzụta ihe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ya n'oge ahụ, mana ọ jụrụ ma nye ha ihe abụọ yiri ya, nke ha zụrụ maka $ 40.<ref name="southern_living">{{Cite news|title=Art With an Amen|author=Gary D. Ford|publisher=[[Southern Living]] – Texas Living|date=August 2003}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ ya dị ka injinia na 1996, <ref name="gdn980322_vision" /> Ellis meriri ndị ọzọ 500 maka, ma merie, 1998 Walt Disney Studios commission for art iji sọpụrụ Black History Month. E ji mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ mee ihe na emume 1999 na Epcot Center ma gosipụta ya na T-shirts, ihe ncheta-mugs, na posters.<ref name="upscale" /><ref name="gdn070401_hope">{{Cite news|url=|title=Art that brings Hope|author=Sara McDonald|publisher=[[Galveston Daily News]] Lifestyle|date=April 1, 2007}} </ref><ref name="chronicle_purpose" /> === Azụmaahịa nka === [[Usòrò:Prayers_Healsmallc.jpg|thumb|Ekpere Heal na-egosi dọkịta na-awa ahụ nke mechara zụta ya.]] Onye ọchụnta ego Ted Ellis ereela ma ree nka ya n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="upscale" /> Ọ nọworị na-enweta ego maka nkà okike ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbe ụmụ klas ya na ya rere T-shirts ha, nke mbụ nye ndị juniors na ndị okenye nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ha, wee gaa na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dum.<ref name="capital_news" /> Nwunye Ted bụ Erenia, onye na-agbazinye ego, na-elekọta azụmahịa ya, "T. Ellis Art, Incorporated", site na ụlọ ọrụ League City, Texas.<ref name="citizen" /> Ellis ereela ihe karịrị nde 1.75 nke ngwaahịa nka dị mma gafee mba ahụ site na ire ere, ụlọ ngosi nka, ụlọ ahịa katalọgụ, ndị na-ere ahịa nka dị mma, na ikikere, ma na-ere ohere mmekọrịta obodo iji kụziere ma nye obodo ike site n'inye nloghachi kachasị na obere itinye ego.<ref name="upscale" /><ref name="city_social" /><ref name="capital_news">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecapitalnews.com/?p=1065|title=Black Art: Ted Ellis|author=|publisher=The Capital News|date=December 1, 2011}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.thecapitalnews.com/?p=1065 "Black Art: Ted Ellis"]. The Capital News. December 1, 2011.</cite> </ref> &nbsp;N'afọ 2005, ọ bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ikikere nka "Alaska Momma" na ebumnuche nke imeghe ụzọ ahịa ọhụrụ na ụlọ, arịa ụlọ, kalenda, uwe na akwụkwọ.<ref name="gdn051127_katrina">{{Cite news|url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=28e541ec19e06050|title=Artist turns pain of Katrina into art|author=Rachel Hunter|work=[[Galveston Daily News]]|date=November 27, 2005|archive-date=June 29, 2012|access-date=May 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629205527/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=28e541ec19e06050|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-ere ọrụ Ellis site na akwụkwọ ndekọ Army na Air Force Exchange Service ma dị naanị site na Avon's African American Boutique yana akwụkwọ mpịakọta ha.<ref name="citizen" /> [[Usòrò:Surviving_Katrinasmallc.jpg|thumb|''Ịlanarị Katrina'', nke olileanya ọ hụrụ na otu nwoke na-ewulite na New Orleans n'ụbọchị ndị na-esote ajọ ifufe Katrina / nke ọkọlọtọ ya na-anọchite anya mkpa ọ dị mba ahụ ijikọ aka n'azụ ụlọ ndị ahụ.]] === Foto Obama === [[Usòrò:Obamathe44th-web_426x450c.jpg|thumb|Ọtụtụ agba na-anọchite anya ịdị n'otu nke Ellis hụrụ na nraranye nke ''Obama, Onye isi ala nke iri anọ na anọ''.]] Otu n'ime ọrụ Ted Ellis a ma ama bụ ihe ngosi nke akara aka 'olileanya' nke [[Barack Obama]]. Ellis sere onyinyo ahụ iji sọpụrụ nraranye nke onye isi ala Obama na 2008. Na ''Obama, Onye isi ala nke iri anọ na anọ'', Ellis na-eji ágbá acrylic na-acha ọbara ọbara, acha anụnụ anụnụ, odo, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ iji gosipụta Obama dị ka onye na-ejikọ ndị mmadụ n'ofe agba, agbụrụ, na okpukpe. E gosipụtara mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ na Jenụwarị 19, 2009, gala nke National Black Chamber of Commerce na National Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation mere na Embassy of France na Washington, D.C. Ego sitere na mbipụta ndị e dere aha ha na-ere na ihe omume ahụ kwadoro NNPA Foundation na Howard University School of Communications Building Fund (NPA Media Wing).<ref name="crusader">{{Cite news|url=http://chicagocrusader.com/news-detail.aspx?newsid=241|title=Obama painting heads to Washington, D.C.|author=|publisher=[[Gary Crusader]]|date=2009-01-20}} </ref><ref name="city_social" /><ref name="chronicle_purpose">{{Cite news|title=Ted Ellis uses Art to unite, inspire|author=K. Pica Kahn|publisher=[[Houston Chronicle]] – Reflections of the Bay Area|date=March–April 2009}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFK._Pica_Kahn2009">K. Pica Kahn (March–April 2009). "Ted Ellis uses Art to unite, inspire". [[Akụkọ Houston|Houston Chronicle]] – Reflections of the Bay Area.</cite> </ref><ref name="courier">{{Cite news|url=http://courier-pittsburgh.vlex.com/vid/change-celebrated-studded-black-gala-65860086|title=Change Celebrated at Star-Studded Black Press Gala|author=|publisher=[[New Pittsburgh Courier]]|date=September 2, 2009}} </ref><ref name="black_press">{{Cite news|url=https://www.blackpressusa.com/news/Article.asp?SID=3&Title=National+News&NewsID=17448|title=Black Press Inaugural Gala to Benefit NNPA Wing at Howard University|author=NNPA Editor-in-Chief|publisher=[[Historical Black Press Foundation|Black Press USA]]|date=2009-01-20|archive-date=2011-09-07|access-date=2024-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907140539/http://www.blackpressusa.com/news/Article.asp?SID=3&Title=National+News&NewsID=17448|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rollingout">{{Cite news|url=http://rollingout.com/entertainment/artist-ted-ellis-talks-about-the-purpose-behind-tedism-and-supporting-the-arts/|title=Artist Ted Ellis Talks About the Purpose Behind 'Tedism' and Supporting the Arts|author=Alexandria Green|publisher=rollingout.com|date=2011-04-21}} </ref><ref name="gdn090619_history">{{Cite news|url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story/139540|title=Art exhibit showcases African-American history|author=Bronwyn Turner|work=[[Galveston Daily News]]|date=June 19, 2009}} </ref> Ellis na-ekwu na ịhụnanya na mmetụta na nka ya na New Orleans na ọdịbendị ya bara ọgaranya nke ihe okike. O jiri obodo ahụ tụnyere ebe a na-azụ ụmụ okorobịa nwere nkà. Obodo ahụ nyere klọb nka Ted na ohere ịmepụta mgbidi maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na ịmepụta ihe ịrịba ama maka ihe omume pụrụ iche. New Orleans nyere ya ohere maka klas nka, mmemme nka oge okpomọkụ, na Jackson Square, ebe ọ nwere ike ịgwa okwu ma mata ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe.<ref name="capital_news"/> == Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru == [[Usòrò:Ellisatmuseum.JPG|thumb|E gosipụtara ọrụ Ellis na ma na-egosi ya na ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.]] E gosipụtara nka Ellis na 1992 na 1993 maka Black History Month na Irving Arts Center na Irving, Texas, nso Dallas.<ref name="irving_news93" /><ref name="gpn">Black History Month has diverse celebrations Pennie Boyett and Laurie Barnett ''The Grand Prairie News – Weekender'' Jan. 31 Feb. 6 1992</ref> Ihe ngosi nke 1993, Realism, Symbolism, and Abstraction: Images from the African American Experience, jikọtara aka gosipụta onye na-ese ihe [[Albert M. Shaw]].<ref name="class" /><ref name="artimes">Black History month exhibition featured at IAC ''ARTimes'' February 1993</ref> A họpụtara Ellis ka o mepụta Walt Disney World 1998 ncheta Black History Poster. Ewezuga nke ahụ, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe maka ncheta afọ 50 nke Bloody Sunday maka obodo Selma, Alabama. Ted bụ onye nnọchi anya nka maka obodo na obodo Galveston, <ref name="free">{{Cite news|url=http://www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_34a520a4-3414-11e5-a42e-3f8a83243c43.html|title='Free at Last' returns to Galveston|date=July 27, 2015|work=Galveston County: The Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523162416/https://www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_34a520a4-3414-11e5-a42e-3f8a83243c43.html|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> TX na-eme emume ncheta afọ 150 nke Juneteenth na-egosi na US Capitol na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]]. <ref name="june">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tellisfineart.com/nationally-celebrated-juneteenth-freedom-project-artist-ted-ellis-exhibits/|title=AMERICAN SLAVERY EXHIBITION AT COLLEGE OF THE MAINLAND GALLERY|date=June 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523162416/https://www.tellisfineart.com/nationally-celebrated-juneteenth-freedom-project-artist-ted-ellis-exhibits/|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Echiche banyere nka ndị Africa America == N'otu kọlụm e bipụtara na Images Magazine, Ted Ellis na-akpọ ndị ọgbọ na-eto eto nke ndị na-ese ihe ojii ka ha mata ihe isi ike na-eche ihu na mgbalị nke ọgbọ gara aga nke ndị na'ese ihe ojii iji dozie ụzọ maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ iji nwee ike ịga nke ọma, na ime ya na obere ihe isi ike. <ref name="upscale" /><ref name="images">''[[Images Magazine]]'' Volume II Number 4. Perspectives. Ted Ellis. 1993</ref> Ọ na-ekwu na ndị Afrịka-Amerịka ka na-anọghị n'ime ndị isi, n'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị na-ese ihe ojii na-eche echiche ego, na ọgbọ dị ugbu a ka na-enweta obere ego karịa ka o kwesịrị. Ellis gara n'ihu na-enye ọrụ ụfọdụ na ụwa agụmakwụkwọ nke ọ na-ahụ ka ọ naghị elebara ụdị ahụ anya.<ref name="capital_news"/> == Edensibia == . [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jn36j373y73ifkyrgh7kvbdu5b7ecqd Simon Rademan 0 45289 743538 656244 2026-11-06T01:12:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Simon Rademan''' (amụrụ Simon Petrus Rademan, na 22 Febrụwarị 1964), bụ onye nrụpụta [[Uwe|ejiji]] na onye na-ese ihe South Africa. Dị ka couturier, na [http://www.thestylebible.co.za onye edemede ebipụtara], a maara ya nke ọma maka ntinye aka ya na ụdị na [[Omume|ụkpụrụ omume]] South Africa. == Akụkọ mmalite == A mụrụ Simon Rademan na Ceres, na Cape Cape nke [[South Africa]], na 1964. Ndị mụrụ ya abụọ bụ ndị ogbi, n'ihi ya, ọ mụtara asụsụ ndị ogbi tupu ọ na-asụ ma ọ bụ [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] ma ọ bụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] . Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Charlie Hofmeyr, ma gụchaa afọ abụọ nke ndebanye aha ndị agha na Pretoria na mpaghara Transvaal mgbe ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ ụlọ akụ afọ ise wee mee akara ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-ese redio na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Simon Rademan weere ọmụmụ ihe nwa oge na [[Ǹkà|Art]], Art Graphic, Make-up, Hairstyling, Modeling and Paint Techniques, ọ debanyere aha na International Academy of [[Uwe|Fashion]] in Gauteng . == Ọrụ == Ọ debanyere aha na International Academy of Ejiji na Pretoria ka ọ mụọ imepụta Ejiji wee nata Diploma ya na Haute Couture wee gụkwaa ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ, textiles na Creative Styling. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke ọtụtụ onyinye: Student of the year – 1989, The woolboard - 1989, Young Designer Award - 1990, Most innovative Designer – 1992. Sanlam na Volksblad Designer Award - 1993. Nkuzi ya na imewe, millinery, [[Omume|etiquette]], modeling and beading emepụtala ma kpụzie echiche nke ọgbọ nke ndị na-eto eto na-emepụta ihe. Simon Rademan gara n'ihu ịdebanye aha Simon Rademan Fashion Design Studio, ụlọ imewe nke a ma ama taa maka nka mara mma na ezigbo ụdị. E nyekwara ya ohere dị egwu ka ọ bụrụ onye nrụpụta maka eserese FIFA, a makwaara ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe nrụpụta. Mgbe ọ tolitere na ụlọ ọrụ na 2010, a na-ewere ya dị ka akụkọ akụkọ na akara ngosi na ụlọ ọrụ ejiji South Africa. == Dị ka a talent scout == Simon Rademan etinyela aka na nyocha mba niile, na-enyocha ọtụtụ asọmpi, gụnyere ndị a ma ama, Miss South Africa, Mr South Africa, Oriakụ South Africa, Ejiji Television. == Dị ka onye ọrụ ebere == Ntinye aka ya na ọrụ ebere na ihe kpatara ya dị ka inye onyinye, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, cancer, ndị ntị chiri, Akwụkwụ na-adọ, ụmụaka na-efu efu na ikike ụmụ anụmanụ bụ nkwupụta okwu nke nlekọta ya na nchegbu maka ọha mmadụ na-adịghị ike. == Dị ka onye edemede bipụtara == Na 4 Nọvemba 2013, ''Bible Style'' dabara na shelf. Ebipụtara ya site na [https://web.archive.org/web/20131024035548/http://www.randomstruik.co.za/books/the-style-bible/5222 Zebra Press], Random House Struik, ọ bụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka mbụ na ụdị na-elekwasị anya kpọmkwem na ụmụ nwanyị South Africa. == Njikọ mpụga == Creative Styling. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke ọtụtụ onyinye: Student of thCreative Styling. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke ọtụtụ onyinye: Student of the year – 1989, The woolboarde year – 1989, The woolboard * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131024035548/http://www.randomstruik.co.za/books/the-style-bible/5222 Random House Struik] * [http://www.thestylebible.co.za Akwụkwọ Nsọ Style] * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100201194137/http://biz-community.com/PressOffice/PressRelease.aspx?i=308&ai=11188 Nkeji edemede -Rapport, akwụkwọ akụkọ Africaans Sunday nke mba] * [http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article83786.ece Nri na nwunye President Nelson Mandela] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240524024005/https://www.nznewsuk.co.uk/rwc11/?id=22535&story=Global-Fashion-Design-Stars-Grace-NZ-Catwalk-for-RWC-Event Elite nke Global Design] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100311224151/http://www.beeld.com/Content/Leefstyl/Nuus/1996/ff0bfbc6c2c64abd82afa55294e644c6/07-03-2010-10-15/Meester_Rademan_is_mondig! Nna-ukwu gbara afọ 21!] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013528/http://www.voxy.co.nz/lifestyle/big-names-style-pasifikas-rwc-event/5/101129 Nchịkọta International Designer] * [http://www.news24.com/News24/Archive/0,,2-1659_1281090,00.html Onye ọka ikpe na Miss South Africa 2002] * [https://archive.today/20130223055634/http://www.nzwomansweekly.co.nz/your-stories/weekly-people/westfield-style-pasifika/story/4106176/ Rt Hon John Key na-akpọ ndị kacha mma n'ụwa] * [http://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/article381621.ece/Simon-Rademan---My-Space--Pretoria Imepụta mmụọ nsọ] * [http://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/fashion/article195529.ece Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-echekwa ụbọchị ahụ] * [http://www.sarie.com/bekendes/ons-praat-met/eksklusief-die-simon-rademan-rok-wat-om-die-wereld-gaan-toer Ejiji kacha zute ndị Rugby kacha mma - iko mba ụwa nke 2011] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4m0eqckj1iu4xssgp2zr10qwww726qn Tom Feelings 0 45453 743569 725449 2026-11-06T06:27:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743569 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Portrait photograph of Tom Feelings from the 1968 first-edition dust jacket of To Be a Slave.jpg|thumb|Tom Feelings]] Tom Feelings (Mee 19, 1933 - Ọgọst 25, 2003) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese foto, onye na-ese akwụkwọ, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye nkuzi na onye na-akwado ya .  O lekwasịrị anya na egwu African-American na ọrụ ya.  Akwụkwọ ya ma bụ Middle Passage: White Ships/Black Cargo .Mark bụ onye nna ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka nka ya na akwụkwọ foto foto.  Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-ese ihe nAfrica na America America Caldecott Honor, [1] ma bụrụ onye natara onyinye sitere na National Endowment for Arts na 1982. [2] Amụrụ na Brooklyn, New York, o biri na New York City , Ghana , Guyana, na Columbia, South Carolina <ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210126104509/http://www.juneteenth.com/Tom_Feelings.htm "The Artist: Tom Feelings,"] ''Juneteenth''.</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Mfịn, May 19, 1933, ke Bedford-Stuyvesant ke Brooklyn, New York. <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bookologymagazine.com/article/authors-emeritus-tom-feelings-and-virginia-hamilton/|title=Authors Emeritus: Tom Feelings and Virginia Hamilton|date=2015-09-01|work=Bookology Magazine|accessdate=2017-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Feelings|first=Thomas|date=2001|title=The Middle Passage: White ships/black cargo|journal=Black Renaissance / Renaissance Noire.|volume=3|issue=3|pages=109}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/>ego akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Cartoonists and Illustrators School site na 1951 ruo 1953 na, mgbe ọ jesịrị ozi na Air Force na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba, iche iche na New York iji ihe atụ na ụ lọ akwụkwọ nke Visual Arts nke a na-akpọ ugbu a. Ebe a mụrụ 1957 ruo 1960. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Angelou|first=Maya|date=2003|title=Balancing pain and joy (Obituary)|journal=The International Review of African American Art|volume=19|issue=2|pages=62–63}}</ref> Ọrụ akwụkwọ ọchị ya nke izizi mara (binyere aka) nwere ike ịbụ akụkọ “Scandal” na mbipụta nke atọ nke ''Ihunanya Radiant'' (February 1953). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comicbookplus.com/?dlid=39573|title=Radiant Love #3 (Stanley Morse (Key))|work=Comic Book Plus|date=February 1954|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-30}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=A History of the African American Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican0000babb|author=Babb|first=Valerie|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1-108-21027-0|location=Cambridge|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican0000babb/page/297 297]}}</ref> Mmetụta kere ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị Tommy Traveler In the World of Negro History for the New York Age na 1958.[1]  Tommy Traveler bụ ihe nrọ ndị ntorobịa ojii na akụkọ ntolite America mgbe ọ na-agụ ndị dike ojii ama ama.  E wepụtara akwụkwọ a n'ụdị akwụkwọ na 1991. <ref name=":0"/>N'afọ 1960, ụgbọ okporo ígwè The Street Where You Live, ihe agba anọ maka akwụkwọ nta NAACP na ndebanye aha ọhụrụ aka.  [1] Ihe atụ ọzọ nke ọrụ akara nke bụ ihe atụ ndị so “The Negro in the US” maka Look Magazine, na 1961. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=DeVore|first=Jesse|date=1963|title=Negro Art Theme Winning -- Successful Brooklynite|journal=The Crisis|volume=April 1963|pages=228–230}}</ref> Mmetụta kpaliri na Tema, [[Ghana]], na 1964 wee jee ozi dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye ndụmọdụ maka ''African Review'', magazin nke gọọmenti Ghana bipụtara, ruo 1966. <ref name=":4"/> Na 1967, Feelings njikọra Crispus Attucks na Minutemen, nke atọ na Bertram Fitzgerald 's Golden Legacy usoro nke akwụkwọ mkpesa nke ojii nke ikpeazụ tinye iri na isii wee bipụta ya ruo 1976. ] Crispus Attucks, nke mbụ nke American Revolution, bụkwa otu n'ime ihe mere eme nke egwu na Tommy Traveler comic strip. [[Usòrò:Portrait_photograph_of_Tom_Feelings_and_Maya_Angelou_by_Ted_Pontiflet_from_the_1987_first-edition_dust_jacket_of_Now_Sheba_Sings_the_Song.jpg|thumb| Mmetụta ya na Maya Angelou, c. 1987]] Site na ngwụcha 1960 ruo 1990s, mmetụta gbadoro ụkwụ na akwụkwọ ụmụaka, na-akọwa ọrụ ndị odee ndị ọzọ yana ide nke ya. Aha ndị a ma ama gụnyere ''ịbụ ohu'' (nke Julius Lester dere), ''Moja Pụtara Otu: Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Swahili'', ''Jambo pụtara Ndewo: Akwụkwọ mkpụrụedemede Swahili'', na ''Middle Passage: White Ships/Black Cargo'' . Mmetụta lụrụ onye ode akwụkwọ ụmụntakịrị ibe ya na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ oge niile Muriel Feelings site na 1969 ruo 1974. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillytrib.com/metros/metros-northwest/author-muriel-l-feelings-dies-at/article_40545370-7aed-56be-bbc5-87e67eee2df6.html|title=Author Muriel L. Feelings dies at 73|author=Edmonds|first=Arlene|work=The Philadelphia Tribune|date=6 October 2011|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909173323/https://www.phillytrib.com/metros/metros-northwest/author-muriel-l-feelings-dies-at/article_40545370-7aed-56be-bbc5-87e67eee2df6.html|archive-date=2023-09-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/feelings-muriel-l-1938|title=Feelings, Muriel L. 1938– {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|work=www.encyclopedia.com|accessdate=2019-11-11}}</ref> Mmetụta bụ onye na-ese ihe na ebe obibi na prọfesọ nka na Mahadum South Carolina na Columbia, SC site na 1990 ruo 1996. '''<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|author=Anonymous|date=2003|title=Illustrator Tom Feelings succumbs to cancer|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_school-library-journal_2003-10_49_10/page/n29|journal=School Library Journal|volume=49|issue=10|pages=28}}</ref>''' Mmetụta nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 70 na 2003, na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], bụ́ ebe ọ nọworo na-anata ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa cancer . <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/30/arts/tom-feelings-70-an-illustrator-who-portrayed-black-history.html "Tom Feelings, 70, an Illustrator Who Portrayed Black History"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 30, 2003.</ref> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == === Akwụkwọ ọchị === * ''Tommy Traveler na World of Negro History'' (1958-?) * "Crispus Attucks na Minutemen," ''Golden Legacy'' # 3 (1967) === Ihe atụ Akwụkwọ === * ''Bola na Oba's Drummer'' nke Letta Schatz (1967) * ''Ịbụ Ohu'' nke Julius Lester (1968) * ''Zamani na-aga ahịa'' nke Muriel Feelings (1970) * ''Moja pụtara Otu: Akwụkwọ agụta Swahili'' nke Muriel Feelings dere (1971) * ''Jambo pụtara ndewo: Akwụkwọ mkpụrụedemede Swahili'' nke Muriel Feelings dere (1974) * ''Ihe dị n'uche m'' site n'aka Nikki Grimes (1978) * ''Daydreamers'' nke Eloise Greenfield (1981) * ''Ugbu a Sheba na-abụ abụ'' nke Maya Angelou (1987) === Okwu na Foto === * ''Tommy Traveler in the World of Black History'' site na Tom Feelings (1991) * ''Soul Looks Back in Wonder'' nke Tom Feelings deziri ma gosipụta ya (1993) * ''Ebe etiti etiti: Ụgbọ mmiri ọcha/ebu ojii'' sitere n'aka Tom Feelings (1995) === Akwụkwọ ndị nka === * ''Site na Nlekọta <ref>{{Cite book|author=Edwards|first=Ruth E|title=With care|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/136957850|publisher=Ruthology|accessdate=27 September 2020|language=en|date=2000|oclc=136957850}}</ref>'' nke [[Ruth E. Edwards]], ihe atụ nke Tom Feelings == Ihe nrite == Achọpụtara ''ịbụ ohu'' na 1969 dị ka Akwụkwọ Ọpụrụiche Ọhụrụ '', '''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newberymedal/newberyhonors/newberymedal|title=Newbery Medal and Honor Books, 1922-Present|date=1999|work=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-10}}</ref>''''' Akwụkwọ Ọpụrụiche ALA '','' <ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=http://www.librarything.com/work/296691|title=To Be a Slave by Julius Lester|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-10}}</ref> Akwụkwọ Hornbook Fanfare Kachasị Mma '','' <ref name=":6" /> Library of Congress Children’s Literature Center Kasị Mma Akwụkwọ Ụmụaka, <ref name=":6" /> Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ kacha mma nke afọ, na akwụkwọ Smithsonian kacha mma nke afọ. Enyere ya 1970 Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . Mmetụta bụ 1972 Caldecott Medal Honor nnata ya na nwunye ya Muriel Feelings maka akwụkwọ ha ''Moja Means One: Swahili Counting Book'' . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/caldecottmedal/caldecotthonors/caldecottmedal|title=Caldecott Medal & Honor Books, 1938-Present|date=1999|work=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-30}}</ref> Muriel na Tom Feelings nwetakwara 1974 Boston Globe–Horn Book Award maka akwụkwọ foto ''Jambo Means Hello: A Swahili Alphabet Book.'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hbook.com/?detailStory=past-boston-globe-horn-book-award-winners|title=Past Boston Globe–Horn Book Award Winners|work=The Horn Book|accessdate=2019-11-10}}</ref> ''Jambo Means Ndewo'' bụkwa 1975 Caldecott Medal Honor nnata. <ref name=":5"/> Akwụkwọ mmetụta ''The Middle Passage'' meriri 1996 Coretta Scott King Award . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/rt/emiert/cskbookawards/coretta-scott-king-book-awards-all-recipients-1970-present|title=Coretta Scott King Book Awards - All Recipients, 1970-Present|date=2012|work=Round Tables|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-10}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwetara otuto pụrụ iche <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janeaddamschildrensbookaward.org/jacba/#jacbaDatabase|title=Jane Addams Children's Book Award Winners and Honor Books 1953-present|date=2018|work=Jane Addams Children's Book Award|accessdate=2019-11-10|archivedate=2019-11-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115233022/http://www.janeaddamschildrensbookaward.org/jacba/#jacbaDatabase}}</ref> na emume 1996 Jane Addams Children's Award Award . Na 2001, South Carolina Department of Education asọpụrụ mmetụta na African-American History Month kalenda n'akụkụ Merl Code, Sanco Rembert, Mamie Johnson, Bill Pinkney, na ndị ọzọ a ma ama ojii South Carolinians. <ref name="sc-afam-history-other-honorees">{{Cite web|title=Past Honorees|url=https://scafricanamerican.com/past-honorees/|work=South Carolina African American History Calendar|date=11 December 2017|publisher=South Carolina Department of Education|accessdate=26 December 2022}}</ref> == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Connor|first=Julia Johnson|date=2003|title='The Textbooks Never Said Anything About...' Adolescents Respond to ''The Middle Passage: White Ships / Black Cargo''.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-adolescent-adult-literacy_2003-11_47_3/page/240|journal=Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy|volume=47|issue=3|pages=240–246}} * {{Cite journal|author=Feelings|first=Thomas|date=2001|title=The Middle Passage: White ships / black cargo|journal=Black Renaissance Noire|volume=3|issue=3|pages=109}} * {{Cite journal|author=Feelings|first=Tom|date=1985|title=Black Political Economy 1985|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_1985-09-1985-10_16_5/page/1|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=16|issue=5|pages=1|doi=10.1080/00064246.1985.11414356|issn=0006-4246}} * {{Cite book|title=Black pilgrimage|url=https://archive.org/details/blackpilgrimage00feel|author=Feelings|first=Thomas|publisher=Lothrop, Lee & Shepard|year=1972|location=New York}} * {{Cite journal|author=Steele|first=Vincent|date=1998|title=Tom Feelings: A Black Arts Movement|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-american-review_spring-1998_32_1/page/119|journal=African American Review|volume=32|issue=1|pages=119–124|doi=10.2307/3042274|issn=1062-4783}} * {{Cite journal|author=Wyman|first=Sarah|date=2012|title=Beyond the Veil: Indeterminacy and Iconoclasm in the Art of Robert Hayden, Janet Kozachek, and Tom Feelings|journal=The Comparatist|volume=36|issue=1|pages=263–291|doi=10.1353/com.2012.0004|issn=1559-0887}} * {{Cite journal|author=Wyman|first=Sarah|date=2009|title=Imaging Separation in Tom Feelings' ''The Middle Passage: White Ships / Black Cargo'' and Toni Morrison's ''Beloved''|journal=Comparative American Studies|volume=7|issue=4|pages=298–318|doi=10.1179/147757009x12571600892090|issn=1477-5700}} * X, Marvin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180226091915/http://www.nathanielturner.com/tomfeelings.htm "On the Passing of an Artist of the People: Tom Feelings"], ''ChickenBones: A Journal''. Accessed July 18, 2013. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/1aa/1aa677.htm "The Middle Passage: Drawings by Tom Feelings"] - ihe ngosi 2000 nke ọrụ mmetụta, McKissick Museum nke Mahadum South Carolina * [http://www.golden-legacy.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Golden Legacy] * [http://www.tomchristopher.com/tom-feelings-and-the-street-where-you-live/ Akụkọ ndụ nke mmetụta Tom na Muriel na ihe atụ nke ọrụ akwụkwọ ọchị Tom, gụnyere ọmarịcha ọmarịcha ya maka NAACP, ''Okporo Ụzọ Ebe Ị bi.''] * Tom Feelings * [[hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.feelings|Tom mmetụta Artwork]] . James Weldon Johnson mkpokọta na Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book na Manuscript Library. * Tom Feelings [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oo7ovc9w2ed71lmscwjvqfk79ze1tgq Salih Basheer 0 45481 743514 709422 2026-11-05T22:00:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Salih Basheer''' (Arabic: صالح بشير, amụrụ Jenụwarị 1, 1995) <ref name="salihbasheer">{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-03-22|title=A B O U T – Salih Basheer|url=https://www.salihbasheer.com/about|work=Salihbasheer}}</ref> bụ onye na-ese foto Sudan. Kemgbe 2018, enyela ya ọtụtụ onyinye na ihe nrite maka ịse foto, na akụkọ foto ya ka egosipụtara na Etiopia, Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, France na United Arab Emirates. mbipụta ya nke 2023 ''22 Days in Between'' bụ akwụkwọ foto mbụ nke onye na-ese foto Sudan mere. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Basheer na Omdurman, Sudan. <ref name="salihbasheer"/> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Sudan, ọ kwagara Cairo na 2013 wee nweta nzere bachelọ ya na Geography na Mahadum Cairo na 2017. N'oge ọmụmụ ya na Egypt, ọ malitere dị ka onye na-ese foto na-akụziri onwe ya . <ref name="addisfotofest">{{Cite web|author=Addis Foto Fest|date=2018|title=Salih Basheer|url=http://www.addisfotofest.com/2018/participant/salih-basheer/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Addis Foto Fest|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222194824/http://www.addisfotofest.com/2018/participant/salih-basheer/}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Basheer malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ọrụ ogologo oge mbụ ya nke akpọrọ ''Sweet Taste Of Sugarcane.'' <ref name="addisfotofest"/> Akwụkwọ akụkọ Foto a gbasara ọnọdụ ọjọọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na khalwa, ụlọ akwụkwọ okpukpe Sudan, ka egosiri na International Addis Foto Fest na 2018. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ọrụ ya ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ ''Ndị na-achọ Ụlọ'', bụ ndị Arab Fund for Arts and Culture (AFAC) kwadoro na 2019. Na nke a, Basheer dekọrọ ndụ ndị ọzọ gbara ọsọ ndụ Sudan na Cairo, bụ ndị bi na mba ọzọ ma si otú a "na-ele anya n'ime na-achọ 'ebe obibi', na-achọ ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ka mma". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Arab Fund for Arts and Culture|date=2019|title=Salih Basheer – The Home Seekers|url=https://www.arabculturefund.org/Projects/6449|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=www.arabculturefund.org}}</ref> E gosipụtara akụkọ a na-ahụ anya na Ọktoba 2021 na Diffusion Festival na Cardiff, Wales <ref>{{Cite web|author=Diffusion festival|title=The Home Seekers – Salih Basheer|url=https://diffusionfestival.org/programme/the-home-seekers|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=diffusionfestival.org|archivedate=2024-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526203440/https://diffusionfestival.org/programme/the-home-seekers}}</ref> na otu afọ na France dịka akụkụ nke ihe ngosi otu " ''Mon ami n'est pas d'ici'' " na Institut du Monde Arabe 's Oghere ngosi na Tourcoing, <ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2020-11-18|title=Archives 2021 I Mon ami n'est pas d'ici {{!}} IMA-Tourcoing|url=https://ima-tourcoing.fr/institut-monde-arabe-tourcoing/exposition-mon-ami-nest-pas-dici/|accessdate=2022-01-09|work=IMA-Tourcoing {{!}} Institut du monde arabe-Tourcoing|language=fr-FR}}</ref> yana n'ememme "Les Rencontres à l'échelle" na Marseille. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mon ami n'est pas d'ici – صديقي ليس من هنا|url=https://www.lesrencontresalechelle.com/programmation/16eme-edition/mon-ami-n-est-pas-d-ici|accessdate=2022-01-09|work=Les Rencontres à l'Échelle|language=fr}}</ref> Na 2020, Basheer bidoro nzere diplọma na foto Journalism na Danish School of Media and Journalism (DMJX) na Aarhus wee nye ya ohere mmụta site na VII Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web|title=International students selected for spring 2021 – DMJX photojournalism|url=https://photo.dmjx.dk/index.php/2020/11/20/international-students-selected-for-spring-2021/|accessdate=2022-08-11|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=The VII Foundation|title=Seeking to challenge complex social, economic, environmental and human rights issues through documentary non-fiction storytelling and education|url=https://theviifoundation.org/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwetara Shahidul Alam Grant maka mmepe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ foto nke onwe ya site na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Danish nke Media na Journalism. <ref>{{Cite web|title=International students selected for fall 2020 term – DMJX photojournalism|url=https://photo.dmjx.dk/index.php/2020/06/12/international-students-selected-for-fall-2020-term/|accessdate=2021-12-25|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Usòrò:SALIH0000000.jpg|thumb| Ihe ngosi foto na Institut du Monde Arabe-Tourcoing]] Na 2021, Basheer nwetara onyinye W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund maka ọrụ akụkọ ya ''22 Days in Between'', na-echeta ọnwụ nne na nna ya na ihe ịma aka nke ịbanye n'ụlọ ọhụrụ ya na nne nne ya. Dị ka ego ahụ si kwuo, == Onyinye na onyinye == * 2021, W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund Student Grant * 2021, Onyinye Ọrụ Kwa ụbọchị <ref>{{Cite web|title=Salih Basheer win The Everyday Projects Grant – DMJX photojournalism|url=https://photo.dmjx.dk/index.php/2021/08/27/salih-basheer-win-the-everyday-projects-grant/|accessdate=2022-08-11|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019, Arab Documentary Photography Programme, Magnum Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the 2019 Arab Documentary Photography Program Grantees|url=https://www.magnumfoundation.org/news/2019/7/9/announcing-the-2019-arab-documentary-photography-program-grantees|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Magnum Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> & the Prince Claus Fund * 2022, Mmemme Arts Visual Arts AFAC * 2022, Tasweer, The Sheikh Saoud Al Thani Awards <ref>{{Cite web|title=Winner Announcement|url=https://www.tasweer.qa/|accessdate=2022-08-11|work=Tasweer|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811173032/https://www.tasweer.qa/}}</ref> * 2022, onyinye Counter Histories initiative, Magnum Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the 2022 Counter Histories Grantees|url=https://www.magnumfoundation.org/news/2022-counter-histories-grantees|accessdate=2022-08-11|work=Magnum Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2022, Ihe nrite foto nke Afrịka nke oge a, ndepụta mkpirisi <ref>{{Cite web|title=CAP Prize – International Prize for Contemporary African Photography|url=https://www.capprize.com/landing/shortlist2022|accessdate=2022-08-11|work=CAP Prize|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017124930/https://www.capprize.com/landing/shortlist2022}}</ref> * 2023, Onye meriri nturu ugo akwụkwọ ọgụgụ foto na Ememme Foto Foto Arles <ref>{{Cite web|title=22 Days in Between – The Photo Textbook Award Winner|url=https://www.rencontres-arles.com/en/actualites/view/724/the-book-awards-2023|accessdate=2023-09-12|work=Arles Photography Festival|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530233036/http://www.rencontres-arles.com//en/actualites/view/724/the-book-awards-2023|archive-date=2024-05-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi otu na solo == * 2018, Addis Foto Fest, ihe ngosi otu, mbipụta nke ise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia </link> * 2019, Slideshow Fest, Odesa Photo Days Festival, Odesa, Ukraine </link> * 2019, ''Vantage Point Sharjah 7'', Sharjah Art Foundation, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates <ref>{{Cite web|title=Vantage Point Sharjah 2019|url=http://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/publications/vantage-point-sharjah-2019|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Sharjah Art Foundation|archivedate=2021-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222194516/http://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/publications/vantage-point-sharjah-2019}}</ref> * 2019, ''Ókè Apụghị Anya'', ihe ngosi ihe ngosi mmịfe, Mgbakọ foto foto Africa, Bamako, Mali * 2020, ''Echiche njikọ: talent 16 sitere na APJD'', [[Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Africa|Africa Museum]], Berg en Dal, Netherlands <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Press Photo: Seen through the lens of...|url=https://www.afrikamuseum.nl/en/zien-en-doen/World-Press-Photo-expo|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=Afrika Museum in Berg en Dal|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222194516/https://www.afrikamuseum.nl/en/zien-en-doen/World-Press-Photo-expo}}</ref> * 2021, World Press Photo ngosi, Oldenburg, Germany <ref>{{Cite web|title=Everyday Africa|url=https://worldpressphotoausstellung-oldenburg.de/everyday-africa/|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=World Press Photo|language=de-DE|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225201614/https://worldpressphotoausstellung-oldenburg.de/everyday-africa/}}</ref> * 2021, ''Foto World Press: Ahụrụ site na oghere nke...'' , Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam <ref>{{Cite web|title=Through the lens of – Photographers from the African Photojournalism Database|url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/calendar/2021/through-the-lens-of-photographers-from-the-african-photojournalism-database?fbclid=IwAR0O75G1MiAsWSE8EQRrOfWahRXtP7t_kkmaGG1zRHq7SSFxIrVvnPmIMj4|accessdate=2021-12-25|work=World Press Photo|archivedate=2021-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222194508/https://www.worldpressphoto.org/calendar/2021/through-the-lens-of-photographers-from-the-african-photojournalism-database?fbclid=IwAR0O75G1MiAsWSE8EQRrOfWahRXtP7t_kkmaGG1zRHq7SSFxIrVvnPmIMj4}}</ref> * 2021, ''Mon ami n'est pas d'ici'', Institut du Monde Arabe-Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France </link> * 2022, Mgbakọ foto foto Africa, Bamako, Mali </link> * 2023, ''Blue: Children of January,'' na Photofairs NY <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-30|title=See You at Photofairs NY!|url=https://www.magnumfoundation.org/news/photofairs-ny-2023|accessdate=2023-09-12|work=Magnum Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Foto dị na Sudan == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://www.afriqueinvisu.org/the-home-seekers/ French magazine Afrique In Visu interviewing Salih Basheer (in French)] * [https://www.artsy.net/artist/salih-basheer Salih Basheer] on artsy.net [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t47byo8mexxl8n9r4feo2520u581d0i Robert Abban 0 45612 743500 638449 2026-11-05T19:38:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Robert Augustus Abban''' (amụrụ 29 Maachị 1989) nke a na-akpọ '''Rob Photography''' bụ onye [[Ghana]] na-ese foto na onye na-ese sinima . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=Robert Abban: Meet Ghanaian photographer who has worked with the top celebrities in Ghana|url=https://yen.com.gh/141191-robert-abban-meet-ghanaian-photographer-worked-top-celebrities-ghana.html|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=yen.com.gh|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172218/https://yen.com.gh/141191-robert-abban-meet-ghanaian-photographer-worked-top-celebrities-ghana.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-22|title=Passion and professionalism: Winning formula for Rob Photography|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/features/passion-and-professionalism-winning-formula-for-rob-photography.html|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=yen.com.gh|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-31|title=Stonebwoy's Resident Photographer, Rob Photography Wins Best Event Photographer of the Year Award At Ghana Events Awards, 2019|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/stonebwoys-resident-photographer-rob-photography-wins-best-event-photographer-of-the-year-award-at-ghana-events-awards-2019/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghgossip.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172221/https://www.ghgossip.com/stonebwoys-resident-photographer-rob-photography-wins-best-event-photographer-of-the-year-award-at-ghana-events-awards-2019/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-06|title=Ghanaian Photographer Calls Out Millionaire Nana Kwame Bediako|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/ghanaian-photographer-calls-out-millionaire-nana-kwame-bediako/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=nydjlive.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ ya na Saltpond na Central Region nke South [[Ghana]] . Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na SS Peter na Paul Anglican School, Mfantsiman Basic DA School na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na National Vocational and Technical Institute, Biriwa, Cape Coast. Ọ nwetara diplọma na Media Studies site na Zepto Professional Training Institute, Accra. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-14|title=Meet Rob Photography; Ghanaian event and travel photographer|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Meet-Rob-Photography-Ghanaian-event-and-travel-photographer-746191|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Robert malitere ịse foto ezinaụlọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma na nchịkọta foto nke ndụ ya kwa ụbọchị. O buru ụzọ bata na ihe nkiri Ghana okike, ọkachasị, dịka onye na-ese foto mmemme. Ọrụ foto Robert gụnyere ịse foto dị iche iche nke ndị ama ama Ghana, gụnyere [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]], [[Stonebwoy]], [[Shatta Wale]], Kuami Eugene . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghanaian celebs are stingy, they don't pay photographers their due – Rob Photography alleges|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-celebs-are-stingy-they-don-t-pay-photographers-their-due-Rob-Photography-alleges-741949|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghanaweb.com|date=28 April 2019|language=en}}</ref> Ọrụ ya egosila na Ghana Music Awards UK, Ghana Music Awards USA, 3Music Awards, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rob Photography in partnership with Alordia Promotions announces Summer Tour for UK, Europe!|url=https://beeniewords.com/rob-photography-in-partnership-with-alordia-promotions-announces-summer-tour-for-uk-europe/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=beeniewords.com|date=23 May 2022|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172201/https://beeniewords.com/rob-photography-in-partnership-with-alordia-promotions-announces-summer-tour-for-uk-europe/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Music Awards USA Honours Rob Photography|url=https://www.kobbykyeinews.com/news/ghana-music-awards-usa-honours-rob-photography/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=kobbykyeinews.com|date=18 December 2020|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172202/https://www.kobbykyeinews.com/news/ghana-music-awards-usa-honours-rob-photography/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == * 2019, Onye Mmeri Ihe Omume Ihe Omume Kachasị Mma - Mmemme Mmemme Ghana <ref>{{Cite web|title=GEA: Rob Photography wins 'Best Event Photographer of the year'|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/GEA-Rob-Photography-wins-Best-Event-Photographer-of-the-year-778018|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghanaweb.com|date=3 September 2019|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Event Awards 2019: Full List Of Winners|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/ghana-event-awards-2019-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghanaweb.com|date=September 2019|language=en}}</ref> * 2020, Onye na-ese foto nke afọ, Nominee - Ghana National Communications Awards <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full 2020 National Communications Awards Nominees List – Kuulpeeps.com, Others Included|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/09/03/full-2020-national-communications-awards-nominees-list-kuulpeeps-com-others-included/trending/news|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=kuulpeeps.com|language=en}}</ref> * 2021, Edepụtara dị ka onye nhọpụta - 50 ndị Ghana na-eto eto kacha nwee mmetụta, Avance Media <ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 50 Ghanaian Influencers in Africa Announced by ICS Africa and Avance Media|url=https://avancemedia.org/top-50-event-influencers-in-ghana-announced-by-ics-africa-and-avance-media/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=avancemedia.org|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231152929/https://avancemedia.org/top-50-event-influencers-in-ghana-announced-by-ics-africa-and-avance-media/|archive-date=2023-12-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bola Ray, Claudia Lumor, Jerry Adjorlolo among 2021 top 50 event influencers in Africa|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Bola-Ray-Claudia-Lumor-Jerry-Adjorlolo-among-2021-top-50-event-influencers-in-Africa-1343263|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghanaweb.com|date=28 August 2021|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172201/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Bola-Ray-Claudia-Lumor-Jerry-Adjorlolo-among-2021-top-50-event-influencers-in-Africa-1343263}}</ref> * 2022, Onye na-ese foto kacha mma, Edepụtara dị ka Nominee - Ghana Entertainment Awards, USA <ref>{{Cite web|title=Check out the full list of winners at the Ghana Entertainment Awards, USA|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Check-out-the-full-list-of-winners-at-the-Ghana-Entertainment-Awards-USA-1579928|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghanaweb.com|date=11 July 2022|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808202115/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Check-out-the-full-list-of-winners-at-the-Ghana-Entertainment-Awards-USA-1579928}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Full List Of Nominees For The 2022 Ghana Entertainment Awards USA|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2022-ghana-entertainment-awards-usa/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=ghgossip.com|date=23 May 2022|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172219/https://www.ghgossip.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2022-ghana-entertainment-awards-usa/}}</ref> * 2022, Onye na-ese ihe omume kacha mma, onye mmeri – Ghana Style Awards <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rob photography wins best event photographer 2022|url=https://attractivemustapha.com/rob-photography-wins-best-event-photographer-2022/|accessdate=2022-08-22|work=attractivemustapha.com|date=24 May 2022|language=en|archivedate=2022-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822172201/https://attractivemustapha.com/rob-photography-wins-best-event-photographer-2022/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == mmemme. Ọrụ foto Robert gụnyere ịse foto dị iche iche nke ndị ama ama Ghana, gụnyere Sarkodie{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iaj39hhk64o7aazmdlcavl614zyx27i Prince Kuleape Boamah 0 45655 743478 725461 2026-11-05T16:28:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Prince Kuleape Boamah''' (onye amara aha ya dị ka '''Kulaperry''' ) <ref name=":0" /> bụ onye na-emepụta ejiji na onye na-ahụ maka uwe ndị Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-14|title=All you need to know about celebrity fashion stylist Kulaperryoutlook|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/All-you-need-to-know-about-celebrity-fashion-stylist-Kulaperryoutlook-407675|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> Achọpụtara ya dị ka onye okike Kulaperryoutlook na ahịrị akwa FearNoMan. <ref>[https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/11/20/fear-no-man-clothing-and-its-pivotal-role-in-revolutionizing-fashion-in-ghana/hustle-hacks/features FearNoMan Revolutionising Fashion in Ghana. |Kuulpeeps.com]</ref> == Ọrụ == Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ya na ndị na-egwu egwu na Ghana na-arụkọ ọrụ iji kwadebe uwe ha maka vidiyo egwu ha. Karịsịa, ya na [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]] rụkọrọ ọrụ iji mee ka uwe ya dị mma maka vidiyo egwu nke Single Whine Fi Mi. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-27|title=NEW VIDEO: Sarkodie -|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/NEW-VIDEO-Sarkodie-Whine-Fi-Me-Feat-Stonebwoy-and-Jupitar-340645|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> O doziri akwa akwa maka Dr Cryme na Sarkodie's "Koko Sakora". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mawuli|first=David|date=2016-04-16|title=D Cryme - Koko Sakora feat. Sarkodie|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/music/music-video-d-cryme-koko-sakora-feat-sarkodie/pgq2hdx|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> Vidio ahụ gara n'ihu wee nweta Vidiyo egwu Hiplife kacha mma na Mtn 4SYTE Music Video Awards na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|author=digital_yfmadmin|date=2016-12-30|title=#MTN4SyteMVAs16 : FULL LIST of WINNERS at 2016 MTN 4Syte TV Music Video Awards|url=https://yfmghana.com/mtn4sytemvas16-full-list-of-winners-at-2016-mtn-4syte-tv-music-video-awards/|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=YFM Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> O meela onye Ghana rapper na onye na-eweta redio [[Joel Orleans]] maka vidiyo na otu ya "Nye M ọnụ ụlọ" <ref>{{Cite web|author=digital_yfmadmin|date=2016-09-10|title=Joel Orleans To Premiere ''Give Me Room'' Music Video On September 10|url=https://yfmghana.com/joel-orleans-to-premiere-give-me-room-music-video-on-september-10/|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=YFM Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> na [[DJ Kess]] maka 2015 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=News|date=2016-05-16|title=Was DJ Kess A Style Icon At The Just ended VGMA? {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/was-dj-kess-a-style-icon-at-the-just-ended-vgma/|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=newsghana.com.gh/|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, Efya na onye na-agụ egwú Kulaperry jikọrọ aka imepụta na hapụ ngwa ahịa nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jonilar|date=2018-10-09|title=Efya Nokturnal Amalgamates With Kulaperry's "Fear No Man" Merchandise {{!}} Jonilar|url=https://jonilar.net/2018/10/09/efya-nokturnal-amalgamates-with-kulaperrys-fear-no-man-merchandise/|accessdate=2024-03-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323202106/https://jonilar.net/2018/10/09/efya-nokturnal-amalgamates-with-kulaperrys-fear-no-man-merchandise/}}</ref> == Nkwenye == Dị ka nkwanye ùgwù maka ọrụ ya, ọ meriri n'ozuzu Entrepreneur nke afọ na Young Achievers Summit Awards 2018. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Britton|first=George Mensah|date=2018-09-04|title=Kulaperrys' "Fear No Man" Brand Valued At A Quarter Of A Million Dollars.|url=https://gbafrica.net/kulaperrys-fear-no-man-brand-valued-at-a-quarter-of-a-million-dollars/|accessdate=2024-03-23|work=GBAfrica|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323202107/https://gbafrica.net/kulaperrys-fear-no-man-brand-valued-at-a-quarter-of-a-million-dollars/|archive-date=2024-03-23|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBritton2018">Britton, George Mensah (2018-09-04). [https://gbafrica.net/kulaperrys-fear-no-man-brand-valued-at-a-quarter-of-a-million-dollars/ "Kulaperrys' "Fear No Man" Brand Valued At A Quarter Of A Million Dollars"]. ''GBAfrica''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> A na-amata nchịkọta uwe ya "Egwu Ọ dịghị Mmadụ Uwe" dị ka "Emerging Brand of the year 2018" na African Youth Choice Awards. <ref name=":0" /> == Ntụaka == Sarkodie's "Koko Sakora". Vidio ahụ gara n'ihu wee nweta Vidiyo egwu Hipl{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hltff889rx8p41ax7v4k151m8u8htri Titi Ogufere 0 45709 743566 175105 2026-11-06T06:12:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743566 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Titi Ogufere''' bụ onye mmebe ime ụlọ [[Ndị Naijiria|Naijiria]], onye na-eche echiche imewe na onye mbipụta na Essential Media Group. Ọ bụ onye ntụzi ihe okike na Essential Interiors Consultancy, ụlọ ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ na-emepụta ime ụlọ na Nigeria. Emebere omume inweta ihe nrite na 2002 wee guzobe njirimara mba ụwa nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị iche iche bụ nke akọwapụtara-kpọmkwem, ihe ọhụrụ, nnwale, dị oke egwu na usoro. N'afọ 2007, Ogufere hiwere otu na-ahụ maka ime ụlọ nke Nigeria (IDAN), bụ otu na-ahụ maka ịkwalite omume ọma na ngalaba ime ụlọ nke Nigeria. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ifiworld.org/about/executive-board/|title=2017-2019 IFI Executive Board {{!}}|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-23}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nchoputa nke Essential Media Group, ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ na-ebipụta Essential Interior Magazine; magazin banyere ime ime obodo na nke ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/interview/were-reaching-out-to-the-world-on-a-larger-platform-to-showcase-african-design/|title='We're reaching out to the world on a larger platform to showcase African design'|date=2018-03-17|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-23|archivedate=2020-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223224659/https://guardian.ng/interview/were-reaching-out-to-the-world-on-a-larger-platform-to-showcase-african-design/}}</ref> A họpụtara Ogufere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi-nhọpụta nke International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI) na 2017. A mara ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi nke 21st nke International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI) na February 27, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ng/ifi-announces-ogufere-as-new-president/|title=IFI Announces Ogufere As New President|author=Audu|first=David|date=2020-03-04|work=Independent|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-03-05}}</ref> Na-eme ya onye isi ala mbụ nke agbụrụ Africa. N'oge ya dị ka onye isi oche IFI, ọ kwadoro ọganihu ndị a ma ama na amụma na agụmakwụkwọ, n'oge nke ọ na-achịkọta otu ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka idegharị nke IFI Interior and Architecture/Design Education policy <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Titi Ogufere|url=https://essentialmediang.com/titi-ogufere/|accessdate=2024-04-16|work=Essential Media Group|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Ogufere amuru ma tolite na Naijiria. Ọ gara [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], ebe ọ gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na Sayensị Library. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=I am Very Spontaneous|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20141220/281840052018097|publisher=[[This Day]]|accessdate=20 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224125257/https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20141220/281840052018097|archivedate=February 24, 2020|language=en|date=2014-12-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200906010194.html|title=Nigeria: Many People Are Tending Towards Minimalism - Titi Ogufere|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu nweta akara ugo mmụta na ime ime na Dublin . O mechara nweta diploma na Management Events and PR from Dublin Business School . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/titi-ogufere-design-is-in-my-dna/|title=Titi Ogufere: Design is in my DNA|date=2017-11-18|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-24|archivedate=2020-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224125300/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/titi-ogufere-design-is-in-my-dna/}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> Ọ gara n'ihu nweta asambodo na nhazi nhazi site na London College of Arts. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Titi Ogufere|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/the-guardian-nigeria/20171118/282235190955715|publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]|accessdate=20 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224200451/https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/the-guardian-nigeria/20171118/282235190955715|archivedate=February 24, 2020|language=en|date=2017-11-18}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ogufere bidoro ọrụ ya na 2000 na Design Options LTD. N'afọ 2002, ọ tọrọ ntọala Essential Interiors, ngwá ụlọ na-emepụta ngwá ụlọ na omume interdisciplinary na arụmọrụ na [[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria]] . Na 2004, ọ gara Dublin iji gbasaa agụmakwụkwọ ya, ebe ọ na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ ya na-agba ọsọ na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . <ref name=":2"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu Ex-Officio Executive Committee nke International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI), ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ maka afọ 5. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/titi-ogufere-design-is-in-my-dna/|title=Titi Ogufere: Design is in my DNA|date=2017-11-18|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-24}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Ogufere hibere Essential Media Group (EMG); ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke nke na-abanye na mbipụta, ihe omume na mgbasa ozi dijitalụ. EMG na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ na-eduga, na-ahazi mmemme imewe, ihe ngosi abụọ pụrụ iche, ọgbakọ abụọ, ihe nrite gala, ma nweela ụbọchị e bipụtara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 27 gụnyere Nke a bụ Africa: Omenala Design, Modern and Contemporary (2017), Na Mkparịta ụka na Demas Nwoko (2019), Nhazi Vernacular: Ịmegharị akụkọ ahụ (2019) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ifiworld.org/about/executive-board/|title=2020-2021 IFI Executive Board {{!}}|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/10/interior-design-industry-professionals-receive-awards-on-excellence-at-idea-nigeria-2014-in-lagos/|title=Interior Design Industry Professionals Receive Awards on Excellence at IDEA (Nigeria) 2014 in Lagos|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2014-10-29|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-26}}</ref> na nraranye nke nwanyị nwere omume ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Titi Ogufere: books, biography, latest update|url=https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B09M9B2DMK/allbooks|accessdate=2024-04-09|work=Amazon.com|language=en-us}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, Ogufere bidoro mmemme Omenala na Nhazi nke Afrịka, ihe ngosi akwadoro iji gosipụta nka ọdịnala, ọgbara ọhụrụ na nka na nka nke Africa. Ndị otu na-ahụ maka ime ụlọ nke Naijiria na mmekorita IFI haziri mmemme a, ya na isiokwu ya; ''Nke a bụ Africa.'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ifiworld.org/ifi-press-2017-ifi-congress-african-culture-design-festival-xxviii-28th-general-assembly/|title=IFI PRESS: 2017 IFI CONGRESS {{!}} African Culture & Design Festival {{!}} XXVIII (28th) General Assembly {{!}}|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-27}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ọ malitere Design Week Lagos (DWL), mmemme kwa afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archdaily.com/922661/design-week-lagos-dwl|title=Design Week Lagos (DWL)|date=2019-08-08|work=ArchDaily|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-26}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2019/10/08/design-week-lagos-african-design/|title="We want African design to be functional" says Design Week Lagos founder|date=2019-10-08|work=Dezeen|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-24}}</ref> Izu imewe Lagos emeela ọtụtụ mmemme n'ofe obodo Legọs, gụnyere; Ngosipụta Kulture Kere, Emere site na Ngosipụta Nlegharị anya, Nzube Investors Tourism, Sound for Design, Reflection for Spaces Happy, and Vocational Training Week. <ref name=":3" /> N'afọ 2021, o mebere Mede by Design, usoro ihe nkiri Netflix nke gbadoro ụkwụ na otu ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Africa iri na atọ, ndị na-emepụta ime ụlọ, na ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị bi na-arụ ọrụ na Africa. Emepụtala oge atọ nke ihe ngosi ahụ ruo ugbu a. Ihe ngosi a gosiputara ndị ọkachamara Africa n'ime ime na imewe oghere, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Lami Adeoye, Papa Omotayo, Mpho Vackier, na Issa Diabat,é n'etiti ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MADE BY DESIGN - Season 2, Season 3 - 14x28'- Trace Content Distribution|url=https://tcd.trace.tv/en/media/view/413|accessdate=2024-04-09|work=tcd.trace.tv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409110126/https://tcd.trace.tv/en/media/view/413|archive-date=2024-04-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-04|title=Made By Design Launches Netflix Documentary Series on African Architects, Interior and Product Designers - Livin Spaces|url=https://livinspaces.net/news/made-by-design-launches-netflix-documentary-series-on-african-architects-interior-and-product-designers/|accessdate=2024-04-09|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-27|title=Five Nigeria-based designers from Made by Design|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2022/01/27/made-by-design-netflix-series-titi-ogufere/|accessdate=2024-04-09|work=Dezeen|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Ogufere chepụtara ọhụụ nke ịmepụta otu mpaghara maka ụlọ ọrụ ime ụlọ / imewe ndị ọkachamara n'Africa, na 2023, na nzaghachi maka mmụba na-eto eto nke ihe nketa ọdịbendị bara ụba nke Africa na ikike ya na-enweghị atụ na ụwa nke ime ụlọ na imewe, na African Council for Interior Architects/Designers (ACIAD) ka ewepụtara, George Washington na-apụta dịka onye isi oche mbụ nke Council. <ref>{{Cite news|title=History as George Washington becomes the First President of the African Council of Interior Architects/Designers (ACIAD).|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/history-george-washington-becomes-first-president-interior-designers-6bzuf/?trk=public_post_main-feed-card_reshare_feed-article-content|accessdate=2024-04-09|language=en}}</ref> Ihe ọhụrụ Titi mere bụ Design and Innovation Hub nke Nigeria, bụ atụmatụ ọhụụ nke e mere iji mee ka mba ahụ ghara ịdabere n'ike n'ihe ndị a na-ebubata na iji nweta ikike ịmepụta ihe a na-emebeghị eme. Ebumnuche a bụ ịzụ ndị ọkachamara ga-agbanwe ọdịdị arịa ụlọ, ngwaahịa na imepụta ụlọ ọrụ na Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web|author=WOLE|date=2024-03-29|title=All eyes on AFP at 2024 Design, Innovation Competition|url=https://stocksng.com/all-eyes-on-afp-at-2024-design-innovation-competition/|accessdate=2024-04-16|work=StocksWatch|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] duka42iq1oiwysjc20pjql2odgn0f6x Tracie Morris 0 46059 743571 719010 2026-11-06T06:50:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Tracie Morris''' bụ onye America na-ede uri. Ọ bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-agụ egwú, onye ndụmọdụ olu, onye edemede na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, onye nkatọ, ọkà mmụta, onye ndú egwu, onye na'eme ihe nkiri na onye ndụmọdụ na-abụghị uru. Morris si Brooklyn, New York. Abụ uri nke Morris na-anwale bụ nke na-aga n'ihu na nke na-enweghị isi. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na-arụ ọrụ na Iowa Writers' Workshop. == Mmụta == Tracie Morris nwetara Master of Fine Arts (MFA) na Poetry na Hunter College na Ph.D ya na Performance Studies na Mahadum New York na-ekwusi ike na okwu omume, uri na Black aesthetics, n'okpuru nlekọta nke José Esteban Muñoz. Ọ mụkwara ihe nkiri ọdịnala nke Britain na Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (London) na ihe nkiri America na Michael Howard Studios. == Ọrụ == A maara ya nke ọma maka ihe ngosi ya, Morris edeela akwụkwọ iri (ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021) ma bụrụ onye a na-ede akwụkwọ dị ka onye edemede n'ọtụtụ ụdị. Ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-ede uri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede site na Lower East Side na mbido afọ 1990. A maara ya dị ka onye na-ede uri n'ógbè ahụ na "slam" nke Nuyorican Poets Cafe na [[New York City|New York City, New York]], ma mesịa mee ndị otu Nuyorican poetry Slam nke afọ 1993, n'otu afọ ahụ ka ọ meriri Nuyorican Grand Slam Championship.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bastidas|first=Grace|title=Bard Wired|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2000/04/25/bard-wired/|accessdate=9 October 2018|publisher=Village Voice|date=April 25, 2000|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009131949/https://www.villagevoice.com/2000/04/25/bard-wired/|url-status=dead}}</ref> O sonyere na 1993 National Poetry Slam nke e mere n'afọ ahụ na San Francisco ya na ndị ọzọ na-ede uri si n'òtù Nuyorican. Morris merikwara "national haiku slam" n'afọ ahụ na mmasị ya n'ụdị ahụ dugara ya n'Eshia iji nyochaa ụdị uri na ọdịbendị sitere na mpaghara ahụ na 1998.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sengupta|first=Somini|title=A Hip Hop Poet Looks Beyond Her Roots|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/01/arts/pop-jazz-a-hip-hop-poet-looks-beyond-her-roots.html|accessdate=9 October 2018|work=New York Times|date=February 1, 1998}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu MLA (Modern Language Association), Associated Writing Programs, The Shakespeare Society na The Shakespeare Forum. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Lincoln Center, St. Mark's Poetry Project, CBGB, 92nd Street Y, Lollapalooza, South by Southwest, The Whitney Museum, MoMA, [https://www.albertine.com/about-us/ Albertine], The New Museum,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outside the Box Gallery Talks: Tracie Morris on Anri Sala's "Answer Me"|url=https://www.newmuseum.org/calendar/view/610/outside-the-box-gallery-talks-tracie-morris-on-anri-sala-answer-me|work=newmuseum.org|publisher=New Museum|accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> Centre Pompidou<ref>{{Cite web|title=L'événement Tracie Morris, " Sound off the page&nbsp;"|url=https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/cbEoxKB/rqEoMoM|work=centrepomidou.fr|publisher=Centre Pompidou|accessdate=October 9, 2018}}</ref> (Paris), Centre for Creative Arts (Durban),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Duchaine|first=Randy|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/tedxbrooklyn/5229803618|title=Tracie Morris {{!}} Photograph by Randy Duchaine|work=flickr.com|date=November 2010|accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> Victoria and Albert Museum, Queensland Poetry Festival<ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Hazel|title=Voice in poetry: On Stage and In Performance|url=http://southerlyjournal.com.au/2014/12/25/voice-in-poetry-on-the-page-and-in-performance/|work=southerlyjournal.com.au|publisher=southerly journal|accessdate=9 October 2018}}</ref> (Brisbane, Melbourne) na ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ, mba, na mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Albertine {{!}} Hard Kore: Poemes|url=https://www.albertine.com/events/hard-kore-poemes-per-form|work=albertine.com|accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> Ndị na-ede uri slam na arụmọrụ yana ndị na-ede abụ Language, bụ ndị na-ese uri nke oge a. A na-egosi ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mmemme redio Close Listening nke Charles Bernstein, "PennSound".<ref name="Close Listening">[http://www.writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Morris.html "PennSound"], upenn.edu. Accessed March 4, 2024.</ref> E gosipụtara ya na nzukọ 2008 na Conceptual Poetics n'akụkụ Bernstein, Marjorie Perloff, Craig Dworkin na ndị ọzọ. Ọ natara onyinye Creative Capital Performing Arts n'afọ 2000. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye na-ede uri nnwale, Morris na-ede abụ n'ụdị omenala na [https://web.archive.org/web/20240606174306/http://www.unsplendid.com/noncedef.htm nonce]. A maara Morris dị ka onye na-ese ụda na ọkachamara na uri ụda <ref>[http://jacket2.org/category/al-filreis-tags/sound-poetry Sound poetry]</ref> yana onye na-eme ihe nkiri mgbe ụfọdụ. Ọ bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na [[Ralph Lemon]] maka Geography Trilogy ya. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na 2002 Whitney Biennial . Morris akụziwo n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu. Ọ bụ [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tracie_Morris&action=edit&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro Onye na-ede uri Africa-America nke mbụ] nke Iowa Writers' Workshop mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na-eleta nke uri. == Mmekọrịta okike na agụmakwụkwọ == Morris bụ 2007-08 Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing Fellow na Mahadum Pennsylvania, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://writing.upenn.edu/projects/poeticsfellow.php |title=Fellow in Poetics & Poetic Practice |access-date=2024-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716025943/https://writing.upenn.edu/projects/poeticsfellow.php |archive-date=2024-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ 2018 Master Artist nke Atlantic Center for the Arts <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120205136/https://www.orlandoweekly.com/Blogs/archives/2018/05/04/sound-poet-tracie-morris-announced-as-atlantic-center-master-artist-for-june Sound poet Tracie Morris], orlandoweekly.com. May 4, 2018.</ref> na 2018-19 Woodberry Poetry Room Fellow na Jami'ar Harvard. N'afọ 2021, Morris natara John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship for Poetry. == Onye ndụmọdụ, onye ndu ọmụmụ ihe, onye nnọchi anya == Morris na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe gbasara edemede okike, olu na atụmatụ maka ndị na-eme ihe, ndị na-ese ihe, ndị ntorobịa, ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ na obodo ndị na-enweghị ọrụ yana ndị otu onwe na ndị na-abụghị uru. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta / bọọdụ ndị nduzi, kọmitii na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ ndị na-ese ihe maka: New York Foundation for the Arts, New York State Council on the Arts, African Voices, Black Rock Coalition na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke mba na nke obodo. Ọ bụkwa onye ndu ọmụmụ ihe maka uri ọhụrụ na-eduzi ihe siri ike maka St. Mark's Poetry Project, Atlantic Center for the Arts, Poets' House, Naropa University, Kore Press na òtù nka mba ndị ọzọ.<ref> [https://allenginsberg.org/2018/04/sat-a-28/ Profile], allenginsberg.org. April 2018.</ref> == Ihe ndekọ ndị a na-ahụkarị == '''Mụ na Elliott Sharp''' * ''Okpokoro: Ịgha ụgha'' * ''Terraplane: Ndụ Nzuzo'' * ''Radio-Hyper-Yahoo'' * ''Terraplane: Sky Road Songs'' * ''4AM Mgbe nile'' '''Mụ na Uri Caine''' * The Goldberg Variations (Winter & Winter, 2000) == Akwụkwọ == ''[https://www.amazon.com/Chap-T-Her-Won-Poems-Tracie-Morris/dp/1883676002/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1526223677&sr=8-1&keywords=tracie+morris+chap-t-her+won Chap-T-Her Won]'', 1993, TM Ink Handholding: 5 kinds, 2016, Kore Press Best American Experimental Writing 2016 (a.k.a. BAX 2016) nke ya na Charles Bernstein, Seth Abramson, Jesse Damiani, Wesleyan University Press, 2017 == Abụ uri == [http://sibila.com.br/english/boating-douzetuor/11998 Ịnya ụgbọ mmiri Duozetuor] [http://jacket2.org/podcasts/too-beautiful-poemtalk-108 Slave Sho' na Video Aka Black but Beautiful] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUOUS6ju2hg Nwanyị ahụ nwetara ịnyịnya ibu ya e gburu egbu] == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 92htp1cg97kr92qy6h9hu2l5hs6okb1 Sabah Sanhouri 0 46880 743512 452396 2026-11-05T21:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743512 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Sabah Sanhouri.jpeg|thumb|Sabah Sanhouri]] Sabah Sanhouri (Arabic: صباح سنهوري, amụrụ 18 Disemba 1990 na Khartoum, Sudan), makwaara dị ka Sabah Babiker Ibraheem Sanhouri, bụ onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke Sudan, nke ama ama maka akụkọ mkpirisi ya, uri na akwụkwọ akụkọ Paradaịs. Ọ na-ede n'asụsụ Arabic, a sụgharịkwara ọtụtụ akụkọ ya n'asụsụ French, Bekee na German. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Sabah Babiker Ibraheem Sanhouri na 18 Disemba 1990, na Khartoum, [[Sudan]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Sabah Sanhouri|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/sabah-sanhouri/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=international literature festival berlin|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/sabah-sanhouri/ "Sabah Sanhouri"]. ''international literature festival berlin''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-06|title=Lit & Found: Three Short Stories by Sudanese Writer Sabah Sanhouri|url=https://arablit.org/2022/05/06/lit-found-three-short-stories-by-sudanese-writer-sabah-sanhouri/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=ARABLIT & ARABLIT QUARTERLY|language=en-US}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ edemede === Na 2009, akụkọ ya Isolation meriri Tayeb Salih Creative Writing Award maka ndị na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ wee bipụta ya na Arabic, yana n'asụsụ French na Bekee. N'akwụkwọ ya banyere isiokwu nke ịpụ na akwụkwọ Sudan nke oge a, onye ntụgharị na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Akwụkwọ nke Khartoum, Max Shmookler na-akọwa akụkọ ahụ "nkọwa nke onye naanị ya na onye tọgbọrọ n'efu, obodo dystopian nke ọ chọtara onwe ya" dị ka "dere na a Akwukwo okwu siri ike, nke a kpụrụ akpụ, wepụrụ ngwaọrụ uri nke mita, nkuzi, nhazigharị, na njikọ okwu nke na-enye Arabic mmasị na-adọrọ mmasị ya." Onye nduzi ihe nkiri bụ Burhan Saadah mepụtara ihe nkiri nke akụkọ mkpirikpi ya nke nwetara ihe nrite Isolation na [[Jọdan]] n'afọ 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sabah Babiker Ibraheem Sanhouri|url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/sabah-babakir|accessdate=6 July 2020|work=Words Without Borders}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, e bipụtara ''Mirror'', nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi mbụ ya, n'Ijipt, na 2019, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, nke akpọrọ Paradise, na Khartoum.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Codingest|date=20 June 2020|title=العدميّـــة وغُبن المكــــــــان .|url=http://clicktopress.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%86|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818114023/http://clicktopress.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A7%D9%86|archivedate=2022-08-18|accessdate=28 June 2020|work=كليك برس السودان}}</ref> N'ime nyocha n'asụsụ Arabic, magazin ọdịnala Ịntanetị Geel gadeed kọwara akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka nke a: "Ịgụ ọrụ Sabah Sanhouri; nye m, ọ bụ njem dị ize ndụ, dị ka ịbanye n'ogige ntụrụndụ ụmụaka a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ n'obodo ebe ihe nuklia gbawara. Ị nwere ike ịnwe ọrịa kansa site na mineral radiation-emetọ, na agwọ agụụ nwere ike ịwụ n'ụkwụ gị. Na njem ịgụ akwụkwọ na-aghọ ọbụna ihe ize ndụ, ebe ọ bụ na onye edemede ahụ bụ onye otu ọgbọ gị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 January 2020|title=رواية 'بارادايس' ثيمة الرعب والموت|url=http://geelgadeed.net/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa/|accessdate=15 July 2020|work=جيل جديد|language=ar|archivedate=30 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630002642/http://geelgadeed.net/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa/}}</ref> Na 2022, ebipụtara Paradaịs akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na German na mbipụta nke Rafik Schami chepụtara, otu n'ime ndị ode akwụkwọ kacha agụ na Jamanị.Gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ igbu onwe onye ›Paradise‹, onye edemede a na-akpọ Salam na-agba mbọ ime ihe ziri ezi n'ọrụ ya site n'ide ihe gbasara igbu onwe onye ahaziri maka ndị ahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. A kọwawo usoro igbu onwe onye nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke na-adịghị agwụ agwụ n'akụkọ ahụ dị ka ịchọ ihe ndụ pụtara, onye Sudan ibe ya bụ́ Abdelaziz Baraka Sakin dekwara banyere ya, sị: “Apụghị m ịdọpụ onwe m pụọ n'ụwa Paradaịs ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe, nke ndị odide ya guzo n'elu. ọnụnụ ọnwụ ka ha na-adaba n’ime ọchịchọ nke onwe ha banye n’abis gbara ọchịchịrị, banye n’ime hel nke uche ha chere na ọ bụ eluigwe, e rere ha site n’aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka ihe efu nke nzọpụta ebighi ebi."[1]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=July 2022|title=Sabah Sanhouri: Paradise|url=https://www.schiler-muecke.de/index.php?title=Sabah+Sanhouri:+Paradise&art_no=B0440|accessdate=2022-07-30|work=www.schiler-muecke.de|language=de|archivedate=2022-07-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730070325/https://www.schiler-muecke.de/index.php?title=Sabah+Sanhouri:+Paradise&art_no=B0440}}</ref> Sanhouri na-ede n'asụsụ Arabic, a sụgharịwokwa ọtụtụ akụkọ ya n'asụsụ French, English, German, na Italian. Ọ bụkwa onye nta akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na onye otu Geneva Writers Group . === Ọrụ ndị ọzọ === Ewezuga ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede edemede, uri na akụkọ ifo, Sanhouri na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka ndị na-eto eto Sudan na-ede akwụkwọ, site na-eduzi ọtụtụ ogbako a na-akpọ #OneDayFiction na obodo dị iche iche nke Sudan. Afọ ndị sonyere n'afọ sitere na 18 ruo 28, gụnyere ndị ntorobịa nwere nkwarụ na ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ime ndị ọzọ, ngalaba omenala nke Embassy Italy dị na Sudan na ụlọ ọrụ omenala German Goethe-Institut na Khartoum kwadoro nkuzi ndị a. N'afọ 2014, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na mmemme odee mba ụwa nke Mahadum Iowa. Ọ bụ onye otu Sudanese Writer Union, onye juri nke Mahadum Khartoum Short Story Contest, wee nye TEDx Talk banyere ụzọ o si ede ihe na 2018. <ref name=":1"/> Na Septemba 2016, o sonyere na International Festival of Literature na Berlin na 2020 na Festival of African Literature Crossing Borders na Cologne, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crossing Borders – stimmen afrikas|url=http://www.crossingborders-stimmenafrikas.de/en/stimmen-afrikas|accessdate=28 June 2020|work=CROSSING BORDERS: translate – transpose – communicate|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301072121/https://www.crossingborders-stimmenafrikas.de/en/stimmen-afrikas|archive-date=1 March 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Septemba 11, 2022, International Literature Festival Berlin kwupụtara ntinye aka ya ọzọ, n'oge a ya na onye edemede Stella Gaitano si [[South Sudan]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Contemporary Arabic Literature – Writing the Two Sudans. Sabah Sanhouri: Paradise / Stella Gaitano: The Return|url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/events/writing-the-two-sudans-sabah-sanhouri-paradise-stella-gaitano-the-return-2/|accessdate=2022-08-18|work=international literature festival berlin|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818115814/https://literaturfestival.com/en/events/writing-the-two-sudans-sabah-sanhouri-paradise-stella-gaitano-the-return-2/}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == * Ịnọpụ iche (2009). Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi n'asụsụ Arabic na Bekee, nke e bipụtara na magazin n'ịntanetị Words without Borders <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sanhouri|first=Sabah Babiker Ibraheem|title=Isolation|url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/isolation|accessdate=1 July 2020|work=Words Without Borders}}</ref> na akwụkwọ akụkọ French Nouvelles du Soudan <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Nouvelles du Soudan|url=https://www.editions-magellan.com/livres/nouvelles-du-soudan/|accessdate=29 June 2020|work=www.editions-magellan.com|pages=41–49}}</ref> * ''Mirror''. Nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi (2015). Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Merit, Cairo, Egypt * ''Paradaịs''. Akwụkwọ akụkọ (2019). Almosawarat Publishing, ''Paradaịs''<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=13 January 2020|title=The Novel Paradise: Its theme is horror and deathرواية 'بارادايس' ثيمة الرعب والموت|url=http://geelgadeed.net/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa/|accessdate=28 June 2020|work=(Jeel Jadid, Arabic cultural magazine) جيل جديد|language=ar|archivedate=28 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628162933/http://geelgadeed.net/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA/}}</ref> mbipụta German: Paradise. Schiler & Mücke Publishers, Berlin. ISBN 9783899304404 == Hụkwa == * Akwụkwọ Sudan * Ndepụta nke ndị edemede Sudan == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Akụkọ sitere na Sudan'' Paris: Magellan & Cie. (n'asụsụ French)   * Cormack, Raph na Shmookler, Max (ed.) (2016) The Book of Khartoum. [https://commapress.co.uk/books/the-book-of-khartoum/ ''Akwụkwọ nke Khartoum. ''Obodo na Akụkọ Akụkọ Dị Mkpirikpi.]   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781905583720|9781905583720]] == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAHk0IkBSjc Vidio nke Burhan Saadah], dabere na akụkọ mkpirikpi nke Sanhouri Isolation na YouTube * [https://arablit.org/2022/05/06/lit-found-three-short-stories-by-sudanese-writer-sabah-sanhouri/ Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nwere njikọ banyere ọrụ Sabah Sanhouri] na arablit.org * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nItOChr_Jhg Foto vidio nke Sabah Sanhouri site na Institut français Khartoum] na YouTube (Arabic na ndepụta okwu French) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 04djhzmk8dwcxsvzlaqznxaz2v2lcrz Susan Bee 0 47159 743554 208193 2026-11-06T03:17:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Susan Bee in 2006, photo by Charles Bernstein for PennSound.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Susan Bee (2006)]] Susan Bee (amuru January 14, 1952 [1] ) bụ onye America na-ese ihe, onye nchịkọta na onye na-ese akwụkwọ mara maka ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ yana onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye nchoputa nke M/E/A  /N/I/N/G. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://writing.upenn.edu/pepc/meaning/|title=M/E/A/N/I/N/G Online|publisher=Writing.upenn.edu|date=|accessdate=2013-11-28}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Bee nwere BA sitere na sitere na Barnard yana MA na Art sitere na ike Hunter. == Ọrụ == AIR Gallery nọchiri anya Susan Bee ogbugbu a, ebe ọ bụbu onye otu okwu 1996. Na mgbakwunye na veranda ndị ahụ na Accola Griefen, o nweela ihe ngosi solo na New York Public Library, Kenyon College, Columbia University, William Paterson College, na Virginia  Lust Gallery, na ọrụ ya itinyela n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu <ref> {{Cite web|date=|title=Susan Bee EPC page CV|url=https://writing.upenn.edu/epc/authors/bee/resume.html|accessdate=2024-02-09}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, e sere "Foto na Foto ndị ọchịchị na 1970s" na Southfirst Gallery na Brooklyn.  [1] O nwere otu ihe ngosi solo na Accola Griefen Gallery (2013) na ihe ngosi solo iri na AIR Gallery na New York <ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=A.I.R Gallery|url=http://airgallery.org/artists/susan-bee-artist/#0_1|accessdate=2013-11-28|publisher=A.I.R Gallery|archivedate=2014-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822013342/http://airgallery.org/artists/susan-bee-artist/#0_1}}</ref> A kọwawo ọrụ ya dị ka "ngwakọta stylistic pụrụ iche nke nkà ndị mmadụ na pastoral psychedelia." <ref>MAINE, STEPHEN. "Susan Bee." Artnews 114.4 (2015): 82. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Feb. 2016.</ref> Ọ kuziri na School of Visual Arts MFA na nka nka na mmemme ide [1] na Mahadum Pennsylvania na na Pratt Institute X. Bee ajụjụla akwụkwọ ndị omenkà isii na Akwụkwọ Granary .  [1] Ndị a na-agụnye gụnyere ndị na-ede uri: Bed Hangings, na Susan Howe, Ndụ Nwa ndụ, na Johanna Drucker, The Burning Babe na Ndị ọzọ Poems na Jerome Rothenberg, na Log Rhythms na Little Orphan Anagram  na Charles Bernstein.  Na mgbakwunye, o bipụtala akwụkwọ ndị nka maka ndị isi ndị ọzọ, egwu Fabulas Feminae na Johanna Drucker (2015), [2] Entre (2009) na abụ nke Regis Bonvicino, sitere na akwụkwọ Global, Paris, na Osisi Invention (2012).  ) nwere.  abụ nke Jerome McGann, Chax Press Agụnyere ihe osise ya n'ọtụtụ mkpokọta ọha na nkeonwe gụnyere Metropolitan Museum of Art, Getty Museum, Victoria & Albert Museum, Yale University, Clark Art Institute, New York Public Library, na Ọbá akwụkwọ Mahadum Harvard. A tụleghachila ọrụ ya na Art na America, The New York Times, [1] New Yorker, Art Papers, The Forward, The Brooklyn Rail, [2] na ArtNews .  O nweela na Virginia Center maka Creative Arts na 2002 na 1999, Yaddo Fellowships na 2001 na 1996, yana na MacDowell Colony na 2012. Na mgbakwunye, o nyere onyinye nbipụta sitere na ihe Arts Visual, National Endowment for Arts, site na 1992 ruo  1997 na ihe ngosi, saịtị na mmemme Visual Arts, New York State Council on Arts, site na 1989 ruo 1997 Na 2014, Susan Bee ize Guggenheim. == Na-edezi == [[Usòrò:Susan Bee in Speaking Portraits c.2003.jpg|thumb| Susan Bee circa 2003]] Bee bụ onye nchịkọta, ya na Mira Schor, nke M/E/A/N/I/N/G : Anthology of Artist's Writings, Theory, and Criticism, na ihe odide nke ihe ọmụmụ 100 na-ese ihe, ndị isi  nkatọ, na ndị na-ede uri, feed.  Site na Duke University Press na 2000. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ M/E/A/N/I/N/G: A Journal of Contemporary Art Issues site na 1986–1996 ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na onye nchịkọta nchịkọta M/E/A/N  /I/N ogbu a.  /G n' ịntanetị <ref name=":0"/> Susan Bee akụkọ onye na-ede uri Charles Bernstein .  [1] Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Emma Bee Bernstein (Mee 16, 1985 - Disemba 20, 2008) na Felix Bernstein (akpa Mee 20, 1992).  [2] Nne na nna ya, Miriam Laufer na Sigmund Laufer, bụkwa ndị na-ese ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miriamlaufer.com/|title=Miriam Laufer – The life and art of Miriam Laufer|publisher=Miriamlaufer.com|date=1918-11-15|accessdate=2022-10-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://writing.upenn.edu/pepc/meaning/Laufer-S/|title=Sigmund Laufer|publisher=Writing.upenn.edu|date=|accessdate=2013-11-28}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240515050308/https://writing.upenn.edu/epc/authors/bee/ Susan Bee na Eletrọnịkị Poetry Center] * [https://www.airgallery.org/artists/susan-bee/ Susan Bee na AIR] * [http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/gallery/susan_bee.php Nkwupụta nkeonwe na weebụsaịtị Brooklyn Museum] * [https://rwm.macba.cat/en/sonia/sonia-308-susan-bee Mkparịta ụka / pọdkastị ya na Susan Bee gbasara nzụlite ya na ọnọdụ ya (2020)] {{Feminist art movement in the United States}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qnrpj0clufp6en2fax2uaf14odech8q Petra Cortright 0 47370 743472 723277 2026-11-05T15:35:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Petra Cortright|image=Petra Cortright.jpg|image_size=|caption=Cortright in 2008|birth_date={{birth year and age|1986}}|nationality=American|occupation=Artist|movement=[[Internet art]], [[Post-Internet]], painting, [[digital painting]], [[video art]]|spouse=}} Petra Cortright (amụrụ 1986) bụ onye omenkà America na-arụ ọrụ na vidiyo, eserese na mgbasa ozi dijitalụ. == Akụkọ ndụ == Petra Cortright na 1986 na Santa Barbara, California.    Cortright bụ ada nke ndị na-ese ihe;    nna ya ọnwụ mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, [2] Steven Cortright, bụ onye na-ese ihe / onye na- akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na prọfesọ nka na UC Santa Barbara, nne ya bụ onye na-ese ihe.[3]    Ọ akwụkwọ na California College of Arts na San Francisco (2004) na Parsons The New School for Design in New York (2008).[4]    Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Los Angeles, California.    O bu ụzọ mara site na vidiyo onyonyo onwe ya nke o bugoro na YouTube. == Vidiyo na-arụ ọrụ == A maara Cortright nke ọma maka ọrụ vidiyo ewepụtara na YouTube yana na gburugburu gallery.  Vidiyo ya na-egwu egwu na-enyocha njirimara akụrụngwa nke ngwa vidiyo yana nnochite anya ahụ anụ ahụ na oghere dijitalụ.. Na vvebcam (2007, collection, Museum of Modern Art), Cortright na-esere onwe ya mgbe ọ na-eji njirimara mmetụta pụrụ iche arụnyere n'ime ngwa igwefoto weebụ ejiri mee vidiyo ahụ. [1] Na Satọde, Disemba 10, 2011, YouTube wepụrụ vvebcam (2007) n'ihi oke okwu Cortright ji "akpasu iwe". [2] " Vvebcam bụ ihe osise nke onye na-ese ihe dị ka onye na-eji kọmpụta nke usoro ndụ ya bụ ịdekọ ma na-ekiri". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/401436|title=Petra Cortright VVEBCAM 2007|accessdate=6 April 2021}}</ref> Na 2011 Cortright mmasị aka na Ilia Ovechkin makiri Video katalọgụ, ọrụ ebe uru ego nke vidiyo ya na-egosi algọridim dabere na echiche YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://domenicoquaranta.com/2011/03/petra-cortright-video-catalog/|title=Petra Cortright Video Catalog at DOMENICO QUARANTA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814213738/http://domenicoquaranta.com/2011/03/petra-cortright-video-catalog/|archivedate=August 14, 2011|accessdate=11 April 2011}}</ref> Vicky Deep in Spring Valley (2012) bụ akara akara nke ọrụ vidiyo Cortright na ndị na-agụnara mmadụ ihe.  Cortright na-ebuli ụmụ anụmanụ na-agba egwu na VirtuaGirl, ụdị na-eme ka chroma keyed footage nke "strippers" dị maka nbudata.  Vidiyo ndị a na-ekpudo megide foto ọkụ nke ụwa dị egwu nke na-echeta akwụkwọ ahụaja desktọpụ.  [1] Ihe ngosi 2015 na Depart Foundation na Los Angeles nke aha ya bụ Niki, Lucy, Lola, Viola akpọ cropped_masked_final , ọrụ vidiyo ọhụrụ na-agụnye ihe odide sitere na VirtuaGirl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnews.com/2015/07/20/flash-dancers-petra-cortright-on-her-new-show-at-the-depart-foundation/|title=Flash Dancers: Petra Cortright on Her New Show at the Depart Foundation|author=Greenberger|first=Alex|date=July 20, 2015|work=ARTnews|accessdate=23 June 2018}}</ref> A àmà Cortright ka ọ sonye na 2013 Frieze Art Fair na London ebe o nwere ihe osise onwe ya, Bridal Shower (2013), [1] ihe nkiri ebe ọ na-anwale anụ ahụ nke ụlọ ọmụmụ ihe.  [2] E mechara ihe nkiri a na ụlọ ọrụ nke ọha nke Britain Channel 4. N'afọ 2014, Cortright malitere mmekorita ya na onye mmebe ejiji Stella McCartney, na-eke usoro vidiyo ebe Cortright na-eji glitches na ịmegharị vidiyo iji gosipụta na iche ụkpụrụ na uwe McCartney mere nke ọ na-emepụta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecut.com/2014/08/internets-fave-new-artist-takes-on-fashion.html|title=Stella McCartney Collaborated With the Internets New Favorite Artist|work=The Cut}}</ref> Post-Internet == Feminism na-arụ ọrụ == Dị ka Petra Cortright si kwuo, ọ bụ nwanyị n'ihi ịbụ nwanyị mana ọ na-ahọrọ ka ọ ghara itinye ọrụ ya na nhazi ahụ.[1]  Ka o sina dị, Cortright nwere ọrụ dịgasị iche iche nke gụnyere ya iji ụdị echiche nwanyị na-egwu egwu site na iji ngwa ndị ahịa dị ngwa ngwa iji mepụta "selfie".[2]  Nke a bụ tupu selfies aghọọ ebe niile wee mee ka vidiyo ya bụrụ ihe ga-eme n'oge ama ama.  N'ọrụ mbụ ya, Cortright ji mkpado dị ka "ikpu", "bobs" na "butts" iji nweta ndị na-ekiri ya.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sayej|first=Nadja|date=2018-02-26|title=petra cortright turns camgirling into feminist art|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/kzpxvv/petra-cortright-turns-camgirling-into-feminist-art|accessdate=2021-03-09|work=i-D|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara == Ọrụ Cortright na New Museum na New York, [1] Rhizome, Venice Biennale, [2] 2010 01SJ Biennial na San Jose, California, [3] na 12ième Biennale d'art contemporain de Lyon.  [4] Ụbọchị ya dị na mkpokọta na-adịgide nke Museum of Modern Art (New York), Péréz Museum (Miami), Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Museum Hammer (Los Angeles), Moderna Museet (Stockholm), MOTI (  Breda) na foto dị na Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Kadist Foundation (San Francisco), BAMPFA (Berkeley, CA), na San Jose Museum of Art, na Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles .  Agụnyere ọrụ Cortright na Paddles On!  , nke mbụ a raara nye nka aka nke nnukwu ụlọ na-akwado ( Paddle8, Julaị 2014). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://brysonestates.com/blog/2013/10/10/digital-art-in-the-contemporary-market|title=Digital Art in the Contemporary Market|work=Bryson Estates|accessdate=10 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511081537/https://brysonestates.com/blog/2013/10/10/digital-art-in-the-contemporary-market|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == N'afọ 2015, Paul Chan & Badlands nyere ya onyinye Rhizome's Future-Proof award. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Photos from Future-Proof, a Benefit for Rhizome Honoring Petra Cortright + Paul Chan & Badlands UnlimitedT|url=https://rhizome.org/editorial/2015/feb/04/future-proof-photos/|accessdate=11 April 2021|work=Rhizome.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Cortright akụkọ Marc Horowitz .  Ha nwere otu nwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Petra Cortright & Marc Horowitz's Chic Picnic Wedding in Santa Barbara|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/wedding/photos/g7045/petra-cortright-mark-horowitz-picnic-wedding-santa-barbara/|work=Harpers Bazaar}}</ref> == Hụkwa == == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.petracortright.com Weebụsaịtị onye nka] * Bianconi, Giampaolo na Chan, Paul (2021) ''Petra Cortright'' Milan: Skira * Capps, Kriston (January 20, 2009) " [http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-cortright_0120gd.ART.State.Edition1.4e6cebf.html Onye na-ese mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ Petra Cortright na-enyocha ihe osise dijitalụ na ihe ngosi Dallas] " ''Dallas Morning News'' . * Chatel, Marie (November 15, 2018) "Na elekwasị anya: Petra Cortright" ''Danae'' [https://medium.com/digital-art-weekly/in-focus-petra-cortright-103949688879] (eweghachiri Eprel 10, 2021) * DeNorch, Dan (August 25, 2008) " [https://web.archive.org/web/20190926031520/http://zine.artcat.com/2008/08/young-curators-new-ideas.php Ndị na-ahụ maka ndị na-eto eto, echiche ọhụrụ] " ARTCAL ''The Zine'' . * Johnson, Paddy (March 27, 2007) " [https://web.archive.org/web/20120304170433/http://www.artfagcity.com/2007/03/27/petra-cortrights-webcam-video/ Vidiyo Weebụ Petra Cortright] " ''nka nka'' * Kretowicz, Steph (January 20, 2014) "Ndị nka nka digifeminist iri kacha amasị anyị" [https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/18432/1/our-ten-favourite-digifeminist-artists] ( ewepụtara Eprel 10, 2021) * Langmuir, Molly (July 10, 2018) "Gịnị kpatara kamera weebụ gbakwunyere nwanyị nwee mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị? Maka Petra Cortright, Ọ bụ nka" ''Elle'' [https://www.elle.com/culture/art-design/a21272095/petra-cortright-paintings-art-artist-july-2018/] ( ewepụtara Eprel 10, 2021) * Leon de la Barra, Pablo (Eprel 9, 2011)" ''dị oke mmiri'', petra cortright na Preteen gallery Mexico City" ''Center for the Aesthetic Revolution'' . [http://centrefortheaestheticrevolution.blogspot.com/2011/04/so-wet-petra-cortright-at-preteen.html] ( ewepụtara Eprel 10, 2021) * McKay, Sally (2009) "Mmetụta nke GIF animated (Tom Moody, Petra Cortright, Lorna Mills )" ''akwụkwọ nka & nkuzi'' . [https://web.archive.org/web/20091002032758/http://artandeducation.net/papers/view/14] </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Dead link tagged May 2023">njikọ nwụrụ anwụ</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</span></sup> * Sayej, Nadja (February 26, 2018) "petra cortright tụgharịrị camgirling ka ọ bụrụ nka nwanyị" ''iD'' [https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/kzpxvv/petra-cortright-turns-camgirling-into-feminist-art] ( ewepụtara Eprel 10, 2021) * Ndị otu Sleek (February 3, 2015) "Petra Cortright na selfies na ajụjụ nwanyị" ''Sleek, Art & Photography'' [https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/petra-cortright-on-selfies-and-the-feminist-question/] ( ewepụtara Eprel 10, 2021) * Sterling, Bruce (February 2, 2010) " [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104192136/http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2010/02/petra-cortright-is-an-internet-artist-born-in-1986-in-santa-barbara-california/ Petra Cortright bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Ịntanet mụrụ na 1986 na Santa Barbara, California.] " * N'aka nke ọzọ, ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Wired'' * Troudaire, Gregoire (Ọgọst 27, 2008) " [https://web.archive.org/web/20120223161254/http://www.fluctuat.net/blog/12750-Petra-sans-effet Petra-sans-effet] " ''fluctuat.net'' * Williams, Maxwell (November 8, 2013) " [http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/08/on-view-for-petra-cortright-the-web-is-the-ultimate-canvas/?_r=0 Maka Petra Cortright, Weebụ bụ Kasị Elu." "T Magazine] ," New York Times. [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9utjaj7hkqs5pbt9z90u4belrcjc6t3 Rucyl 0 47443 743508 210144 2026-11-05T20:52:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Rucyl''' (Rucyl Frison, amụrụ Rucyl Mills) bụ mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ na onye na-ese ụda, onye na-agụ egwú, onye na-agụ egwú, na onye na-emepụta ihe . Mmasị ya gụnyere nnwale na usoro dị ka arụmọrụ, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tomtommag.com/2012/03/rucyl-mills-rip-it-up-and-start-again/|title=Rucyl Mills: Rip it Up and Start Again - Tom Tom Magazine|date=2012-03-27|work=Tom Tom Magazine|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025173938/http://tomtommag.com/2012/03/rucyl-mills-rip-it-up-and-start-again/|archive-date=2016-10-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> sistemu mmetụta analog dabere na oge, yana iji ụda na-anọchi anya echiche ndị na-adịghị emetụ n'ahụ (oge, ike okike, mmetụta, njirimara, na physics). Ọrụ nnwale ya mbụ webatara nkwalite ụda olu yana egwu kọmpụta mepụtara algọridim n'otu n'otu yana ntule anya emepụtara, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/1232539|title=Computer Nerd|work=Vimeo|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> na-eji Max MSP na sọftụwia VJ . Rucyl na-emeziwanye n'oge arụmọrụ ya dị ndụ <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tomtommag.com/2012/03/rucyl-mills-rip-it-up-and-start-again/|title=Rucyl Mills: Rip it Up and Start Again - Tom Tom Magazine|date=2012-03-27|work=Tom Tom Magazine|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025173938/http://tomtommag.com/2012/03/rucyl-mills-rip-it-up-and-start-again/|archive-date=2016-10-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> na-eji ndị na-ahụ maka MIDI, loopers, sọftụwia diy na ngwaike, yana ndị nrụpụta mmetụta. == Akụkọ ndụ == Rucyl bụ onye mbụ so na otu hip-hop n'okpuru ala The Goats <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.magnetmagazine.com/2010/01/29/philly-blunt-the-goats/|title=Philly Blunt: The Goats|work=www.magnetmagazine.com|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> (Ruffhouse/Columbia Records) site na 1992-1994. Ewu ahụ ji otu egwu dị ka Bad Brain, Fishbone na The Beastie Boys na-eme njem na mba ụwa. Mpempe mkparịta ụka mbụ ya gụnyere Chakakhantroller, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makezine.com/2008/09/03/leather-snakeskin-midi-co/|title=Leather & snakeskin MIDI controller wearable {{!}} Make|date=2008-09-03|work=Make: DIY Projects and Ideas for Makers|accessdate=2016-10-26}}</ref> onye na -ahụ maka njikwa MIDI nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ maka ọdịyo na arụmọrụ anya, yana nwụnye Watch Ihe Ị bụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eyebeam.org/archive/events/eyebeam-summer-school-hardware-hacking-for-interaction|title=Eyebeam Summer School: Hardware Hacking for Interaction {{!}} eyebeam.org|author=|first=|date=|work=eyebeam.org|publisher=|accessdate=|archivedate=2016-10-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025175629/http://eyebeam.org/archive/events/eyebeam-summer-school-hardware-hacking-for-interaction}}</ref> na mmekorita ya na Justin Downs, nke gosipụtara dị ka akụkụ nke Eyebeam Interactive Art Gallery's "Double Take" ngosi na July 2008. Nakwa na 2008, Rucyl kwadoro Saturn Never Sleeps <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/SaturnNeverSleeps|title=Saturn Never Sleeps {{!}} Facebook|author=|first=|date=|work=www.facebook.com|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> (SNS), akara n'ọdịnihu na otu audiovisual mepụtara n'oge mweghachi nke mmegharị Afrofuturism nke oge a, na DJ / onye mmepụta King Britt . E hiwere Saturn Agaghị ehi ụra na ụkpụrụ nke usoro dị ka arụmọrụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mycitypaper.com/Sleeping-Giant/|title=Sleeping Giant|work=mycitypaper.com|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ukwuu site na mgbasa ozi na egwu nke nnukwu onye na-egwu jazz nnwale, Sun Ra . Ndị a na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, audiovisual ndụ ngosi e gosiri na The Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, Painted Bride Art Center, The River To River Festival na World Financial Center na New York City, Art Basel na Miami, na Moogfest <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/arts/music/02moog.html|title=Moogfest, in Asheville, Honors a Synthesizer|author=Pareles|first=Jon|date=2010-11-01|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> na Asheville, NC. Rucyl jiri SNS mee njem mba ụwa gaa Istanbul, Berlin, Madrid, Switzerland (Stadtmusik Festival) na Tokyo (Micro-cosmos). Ihe omume a na-eme na Philadelphia na Brooklyn gụnyere ndị na-ese ihe [[Taylor McFerrin]], Ras G, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240506214520/https://sarahwhitemusic.com/ Sarah White], [[Teebs]], Ben Neill, [[Flying Lotus]], Stef Eye, Shabazz Palaces, na Tokimonsta . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.factmag.com/2012/03/15/tokimonsta-fame-boozers-lullaby-ft-rucyl/|title=TOKiMONSTA – 'Fame Boozers Lullaby' (feat. Rucyl)|work=FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music.|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> Na June 2010, [http://www.leeway.org/ Leeway Foundation] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leeway.org/|title=Leeway Foundation|author=|first=|date=|work=Leeway Foundation|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> gosipụtara Rucyl na panel "Women in Indie Music" ebe ọ tụlere ihe ịchọ mma lo-fi/DIY na-amaliteghachi na egwu, nkesa dijitalụ na ebe mmemme n'ime nka ya. N'oge opupu ihe ubi 2011, Saturn adịghị ehi ụra na-emeghe maka TV na Radio, wee pụta na [[Ụgbọ mmiri Sun Ra|Sun Ra Arkestra]] na Eyebeam 's omume "Past Futures." SNS weputara usoro ọrụ na pọdkastị <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=subject:%22saturn+never+sleeps%22|title=Internet Archive Search: subject:"saturn never sleeps"|author=|first=|date=|work=archive.org|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> site na ndị na-ese ihe n'okpuru radar POC site na 2009-2011. Ndekọ SNS zuru oke, igwe ụnyaahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://revive-music.com/2011/08/02/saturn-never-sleeps-yesterdays-machine/|title=Saturn Never Sleeps Yesterday's Machine|author=|first=|date=2011-08-02|work=Okayplayer|publisher=|accessdate=|archivedate=2024-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212030925/http://revive-music.com/2011/08/02/saturn-never-sleeps-yesterdays-machine/}}</ref> ka ewepụtara n'oge ọkọchị 2011. Mgbe SNS kwụsịrị na 2011, Rucyl gara n'ihu na mmemme mmekorita na-egosipụta ụmụ nwanyị POC na ndị na-ese ihe n'ụdị eletrọnịkị nnwale n'okpuru moniker Woman + Machine. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.residentadvisor.net/event.aspx?688726|title=Woman + Machine|work=Resident Advisor|accessdate=2016-10-25}}</ref> Ọrụ ya kacha nso nso a bụ ụda Prism <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soundprism.tumblr.com/|title=Sound Prism|author=|first=|date=|work=soundprism.tumblr.com|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> (2016), arụmọrụ sonic na-arụ ọrụ nke anyanwụ na nrụnye nke na-enyocha ụda dị ka ihe nnọchianya anụ ahụ nke ntụgharị nke ike organic. Ọ na-ebi ugbu a na [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA.]] == Ihe ngosi == * [https://rucyl.bandcamp.com/album/caveat Amụma], 2016 * [https://rucyl.bandcamp.com/album/uma-kanya Uma Kanya], 2011 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150905090149/http://www.alphapuprecords.com/releasepage.php?UPC=669158523139 Igwe ụnyahụ], 2011 * [http://www.traxsource.com/track/3610861/i-wanna-be-with-you-rucyl-bass-mix-rucyl-bass-mix Sarah White - Achọrọ m ịnọnyere gị (Rucyl Bass Mix)], 2009 * Ursula Rucker - Ruckus Soundsysdom , 2008 * The Goats - Outtakes Of The Goats , 2007 * Olu Dara - Neighborhoods , 2001 * The Goats - ¿Do The Digs Dug? , 1993 * The Goats - Tricks Of The Shade , 1992 * Ihe ngosi Rucyl zuru oke * http://rucyl.bandcamp.com * http://soundcloud.com/rucyl == Agụmakwụkwọ == MPS, Imekọrịta mmekọrịta - ITP, Tisch na NYU, NYC, Mmekọrịta Dean, 2008 BS, Mgbasa ozi Ọhụrụ - Mahadum Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọhụrụ, NYC, 2006 Mmemme Jazz nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ, NYC, 1996-1997 == Ebe obibi == Ebe obibi [http://organizmo.org nke Organizmo Design Center] 2016, Bogotá, Colombia Ebe obibi [http://www.artistsu.org/ Artist U] site na Creative Capital 2011, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ebe a na-ese nwunye ọhụrụ 2009 (ya na Saturn anaghị ehi ụra), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ngwaike maka mbanye: Eyebeam Art &amp;amp; Technology Residency 2008, New York City, New York == Ntụaka == ukwuu site na mgbasa ozi na egwu nke nnukwu onye na-egwu jazz nnwale, Sun Ra . Ndị a na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, audiovisual ndụ ngosi e gosiri na The Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, Painted Bride{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ltiu273lfwa63mb3how7za8fwb49mik Saịrọs Cuneo 0 48335 743524 641975 2026-11-05T23:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Cyrus Cincinato Cuneo|image=ILN0-1909-1225-0034-15 Cyrus Cuneo.png|alt=Cyrus Cuneo, in 1909|caption=Cuneo in 1909|birth_date={{Birth date|1879|06|18|df=y}}|birth_place=[[San Francisco, California]], U.S.|death_date={{Death date and age|1916|07|23|1879|06|18|df=y}}|death_place=[[London]], England|nationality=[[Italy|Italian]], [[Americans|American]]{{refn|group=note|Cuneo described himself as ''an Englishman by preference and adoption, an American by birth and citizenship, and an Italian of unmixed blood by parentage''.{{r|CCCuneo-Times-Obit}}}}|other_names=Generally known as Ciro|occupation=Painter and illustrator|years_active=1896–1916|known_for=|notable_works=Murals for the Canadian Pacific Railway|children=[[Terence Cuneo]]|relatives=[[Rinaldo Cuneo]] (brother)}} [[Usòrò:Cyrus_Cuneo.JPG|thumb|''James Abbot McNeill Whistler na studio ya'' nke Cyrus Cuneo dere. Ihe osise pensụl na monochrome, 1906. [note 2]]] Cyrus Cincinato Cuneo ROI<nowiki></link></nowiki> (June 18, 1879.) – 23 Julaị 1916), [1] [1] nke a mara dị ka Ciro, bụ onye na-ese ihe nlegharị anya bekee nke America, nke kacha mara.  maka nda. == Ndụ mbido == A egwuregwu ya na ndị America America nke ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-egwu egwu.  Nne na nna ya bụ Giovanni (John) na Annie Cuneo;  agba ya nwoke Rinaldo (1877–1939) na Egisto (1890–1972), na nwa nwoke Terence Cuneo (1907–1996) ghọkwara ndị nka. Ezin ahụ ahụ bi na Telegraph Hill dị na San Francisco's Italian American agbataobi nke North Beach .  [1] [1] Ihe osise Cuneo [note 3] mbụ onye n'asụsụ Italy mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ awụkwa afọ atọ sochirinụ onye ọrụ na San Francisco Press.. {{R|CCCuneo-Times-Obit}} [note 4] Cuneo azụ dị ka onye ọkpọ, na-aghọ onye mmeri-efe efe na Olympic Club dị na San Francisco [1] [note 5] na ego nrite ya, yana ego a na-enweta site na ọrụ oge, yana ire ihe ọrụ.  na ịga Paris.  ụzọ.  [1] : 128 The Times kọrọ na ọ chọtara San Francisco na Paris na £40 n'akpa ya. {{R|CCCuneo-Times-Obit}} == Agụmakwụkwọ == Cuneo iwe iwe ya na nka mgbe ọ ka bi na San Francisco, na Mark Hopkins Art Institute [1] .  Mgbe ọ gara Paris na 1896, ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Colarossi wee zụọ n'okpuru Whistler mechara bụrụ onye isi ma ọ bụ onye isi.  Cuneo hibere ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ehihie na Edith Œnone Somerville (1858–1949).  Ị Kala ihe ndị osise na ọkpọ mgbochi Cuneo aka ndị onwe ya na Paris.  Times kwuru na Cuneo nwere ikike ahụ ike ma bụrụ onye egwuregwu ama ama, dịka onye ọkpọ ama ama ọ bụghị naanị na mkpọda Pacific, kamakwa na Paris na London.. <ref name=CCCuneo-Times-Obit>{{cite journal |title=Mr. Cyrus Cuneo |newspaper=[[The Times]] |issue=Monday 24 July 1916 |pages=11 |date=24 July 1916 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/archive/article/1916-07-24/11/13.html |access-date=25 August 2020 |url-access=limited |archive-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831183956/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1916-07-24/11/13.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Cuneo bi na 9, Rue Campagne, Première Montparnasse, Paris, na 1900 mgbe mbụ mbụ nke na Royal Academy .  O ike njirimara n'afọ ahụ, ha abụọ bụ ihe atụ sitere n'aka Eze Lear nke Shakespeare dere.  [1] Cunoe gosikwara n'ebe ndị ọzọ. [note 6] == Kwaga London == Mgbe Greenwall na-ekwu na Cuneo kwagara London na 1902, {<ref name=Greenwall-1922-122>{{cite book |last1=Greenwall |first1=Ryno |title=Artists and Illustrators of the Anglo-Boer War |pages=122 |date=14 June 1905 |publisher=Fernwood Press |location=Vlaeberg, Western Cape, South Africa |isbn=0-9583154-2-6 }}</ref>Kirkpatrick kwuru na ngụkọ 1901 hụrụ ya na nne na nna nwunye ya ga-ebi na London (mgbe ọ ka nọ na Paris). {{R|Kirkpatrick-2019}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 128">&#x3A;&#x200A;128&#x200A;</span></sup> Cuneo akụkọ onye nka Nellie Tenison (28 Ọgọst 1869 – 23 Mee 1953 [1] na London na 20 October 1903 <ref name=Cuneo-Society>{{cite web |title=Cyrus Cuneo |url=http://www.cuneosociety.org/family.html |publisher=Cuneo Society |access-date=6 December 2017 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914153128/http://www.cuneosociety.org/family.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=16 June 2024 |archivedate=14 September 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914153128/http://www.cuneosociety.org/family.html }}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == A nchọpụta Cuneo ROI na 1908. Cuneo bụ onye na-ese ihe na-aga nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ahụta ego.  N'oge Agha Mbụ, ọ na-ese ihe agha na London na ire ere site n'ịnyịnya otu n'ime ihe ndị ọrụ ya na-ese ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala abụọ maka ihu ihu. <ref name=Peppin-Micklethwait>{{cite book |last1=Peppin |first1=Bridget |last2=Micklethwait |first2=Lucy |title=Dictionary of British Book Illustrators: The Twentieth Century |date=6 June 1905 |publisher=John Murray |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbrit00pepp |access-date=25 August 2020 |isbn=0-7195-3985-4 |via=The [[Internet Archive]] }}</ref> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 80">&#x3A;&#x200A;80&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name=TCuneo-Obit>{{cite web |last1=Coates |first1=Tom |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary--terence-cuneo-1323023.html |title=Obituary: Terence Cuneo |date=8 January 1996 |access-date=1 August 2017 |work=The Independent |archive-date=16 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816043026/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary--terence-cuneo-1323023.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Usòrò:Pall_Mall_Vol_20_April_1900_Page_502_Illustration_by_Cyrus_Cuneo.jpg|thumb| Thorpe lere ihe atụ a nke Cuneo nyere maka akụkọ dị na The Pall Mall Magazine ka ọ ''mara mma'' . <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 169">&#x3A;&#x200A;169&#x200A;</span></sup>]]<ref name=Thorpe-1935>{{cite book |last1=Thorpe |first1=James |title=English Illustration: The Nineties |date=18 April 1905 |publisher=Faber and Faber |location=London }}</ref> Ụbọchị ihe atụ Cuneo iche iche n’ihi na ọ na-ese àgwà n’ime ụgbọ mmiri.  [1] : 109 Peppin na Micklethwait na-ekwu na Cuneo ji nnukwu panache ọrụ ọrụ na crayon ma ọ bụ isi na ọcha n'ime ụgbọ mmiri na-ese na-enye mpempe akwụkwọ mbụ.  Thorpe lere otu n'ime ihe atụ ya [1] maka The Pall Mall Magazine na 1900 ka ọ mara mma [1] ma wepụtaghachi ya na nyọcha nke ihe atụ Bekee na 1890s.  [1] : opp.71 Percy Bradshaw ahụmahụ Cuneo maka ọkọ ya na 1918 The Art of the Illustrator nke a na-akpọ pọtụfoliyo maka ndị na-ese ihe iri abụọ ọ llala.. [note 7] == Ọnwụ == Cuneo nwetara nsi ọbara mgbe ejiri okpu okpu kpụchaa ya na mberede na ịgba egwu. {<ref name=Kirkpatrick-2019>{{cite book |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=Robert J. |title=The Men Who Drew For Boys (And Girls): 101 Forgotten Illustrators of Children's Books: 1844-1970 |date=2019 |publisher=Robert J. Kirkpatrick |location=London }}</ref> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 129">&#x3A;&#x200A;129&#x200A;</span></sup>Ọ nwụrụ na 23 Julaị 1916. Eriri ala ya na £13,798 17s. 6d. na nwunye ya Nellie mere dị ka onye na-ekpe ya ikpe. <ref name=Probate-CCuneo-1916>{{cite web |title=Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Cuneo and the year of death 1916 |website=Find a Will Service |url=https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/Calendar?surname=Cuneo&yearOfDeath=1916&page=1#calendar |access-date=25 August 2020 |archive-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831183928/https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/Calendar?surname=Cuneo&yearOfDeath=1916&page=1#calendar |url-status=live }}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Ntụaka == .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} == Njikọ mpụga == * Works by Cyrus Cuneo at Project Gutenberg * Works by Cyrus Cuneo at Faded Page (Canada) * Works by or about Cyrus Cuneo at Internet Archive * Cyrus Cuneo at Library of Congress, with 3 library catalog records * [http://issuu.com/marylss/docs/cuneo?mode=window&pageNumber=1 ''Cuneo: A Family of Early California Artists''], 2009, Museo ItaloAmericano, San Francisco, California * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170914153128/http://www.cuneosociety.org/family.html The Cuneo Society Website] Archived 14 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine * [http://terencecuneo.co.uk/?page_id=37 Cyrus's page on Terence Cuneo Website] * [http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hcdr1906/index.htm Drink : a love story on a great question by Hall Caine, 1906, illustrated by Cyrus Cuneo] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a167ethqfqac114w0sq16jwq0nx4121 Thomas Trevor (onye nlekọta) 0 48404 743561 729728 2026-11-06T05:32:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Trevor''' (amụrụ 1962) bụ onye nlekọta Britain na onye ode akwụkwọ na nka nke oge a . <ref name="Who's Who">{{Cite book|title=Who's Who|year=2009|publisher=A & C Black|isbn=9-781408-102480}}</ref> Trevor bụ osote prọfesọ nke Art Contemporary Art and Curation na Mahadum Exeter . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Professor Tom Trevor|url=http://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/arthistory/staff/tomtrevor/|work=University of Exeter|accessdate=6 May 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Director of Arnolfini appointed to lead new Masters in International Contemporary Art|url=http://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/staff/title_776101_en.html|work=University of Exeter|accessdate=6 May 2020}}</ref> Ọ bụbu onye isi nka nka nke The Atlantic Project, <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Atlantic Project|url=https://www.theatlantic.org/|accessdate=6 May 2020}}</ref> na Plymouth, UK (2016 – 19), Onye nlekọta ọbịa na Whitechapel Gallery, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Whitechapel Gallery|url=http://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/music-for-museums/|accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref> London (2015 – 16), Onye isi nka nka nke 4th Dojima River Biennale <ref>{{Cite web|author=e-flux|title=Dojima River Biennale 2015|url=http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/2015-take-me-to-the-river/|accessdate=11 May 2015|archivedate=15 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515080126/http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/2015-take-me-to-the-river/}}</ref> na Osaka, Japan (2014-15), onye na-ahụ maka curatorial na 1st ARoS Triennial <ref>{{Cite web|title=ARoS Triennial|url=http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/53331/first-aros-triennialthe-garden-end-of-times-beginning-of-times/|accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref> na Aarhus, Denmark (2014-15), Onye nlekọta ọbịa na Devi Art Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|title=Devi Art Foundation|url=http://deviartfoundation.org/content/exhibitions|accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref> na Delhi, India (2013-14), Director nke Arnolfini <ref name="Artists Newsletter">{{Cite news|author=A-N|title=International Moves: Tom Trevor leaves Arnolfini|url=http://new.a-n.co.uk/news/single/international-moves-tom-trevor-leaves-arnolfini|accessdate=4 January 2014|work=Artists Newsletter|date=31 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223134149/http://new.a-n.co.uk/news/single/international-moves-tom-trevor-leaves-arnolfini|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Bristol, UK (2005-13), Associate Curator of the Art Fund International collection <ref name="Bristol Museum">{{Cite news|author=Bristol Museum|title=No Borders, first exhibition of the Art Fund International collection|url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/press/leisure-and-culture/bristol-museum-art-gallery-presents-no-borders|accessdate=4 January 2014|date=29 November 2012}}</ref> (2007-12) na Director nke Spacex (1999-2005) na Exeter, UK. Tupu mgbe ahụ ọ bụ onye nlekọta nọọrọ onwe ya dabere na London (1994-1999), na-amalite ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ dịka Camden Arts Center, Freud Museum na InIVA . <ref name="Demanding Conversations">{{Cite web|author=KWMC|title=Demanding Conversations|url=http://www.demandingconversations.org.uk/2010/09/tom-trevor/|work=www.kwmc.org.uk|publisher=Knowle West Media Centre|accessdate=6 January 2014|archivedate=22 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222055352/http://www.demandingconversations.org.uk/2010/09/tom-trevor/}}</ref> Kemgbe 1990s, Trevor achịkọtala ihe ngosi karịrị 100, na-etinye uche pụrụ iche na nnwale, omume mmekọrịta yana ọrụ ndị gbara gburugburu. <ref name="Aesthetica">{{Cite news|author=Aesthetica|title=Tom Trevor|url=http://www.aestheticamagazine.com/tom-trevor|accessdate=6 January 2014|work=Aesthetica Magazine|date=1 April 2010}}</ref> Ihe ngosi Solo gụnyere Cosima von Bonin, <ref name="Bonin">{{Cite news|author=Morrison|first=Harun|title=Cosima von Bonin|url=http://www.thisistomorrow.info/viewArticle.aspx?artId=786|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=This is Tomorrow|date=4 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302123707/http://www.thisistomorrow.info/viewArticle.aspx?artId=786|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Matti Braun, <ref name="Braun">{{Cite news|author=Perry|first=Colin|title=Matti Braun|url=http://frieze-magazin.de/archiv/kritik/matti-braun/?lang=en|accessdate=7 January 2014|work=Frieze D/E|date=March 2013}}</ref> Angus Fairhurst, <ref name="Fairhurst">{{Cite news|author=Jones|first=Jonathan|title=Angus Fairhurst|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/feb/06/review-angus-fairhurst-arnolfini|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2009}}</ref> Jutta Koether, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jutta Koether|url=https://www.artforum.com/inprint/issue%3D201307%26section%3Dbristol-uklondon|work=Artforum|accessdate=9 December 2016|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091436/https://www.artforum.com/inprint/issue%3D201307%26section%3Dbristol-uklondon}}</ref> Joelle Tuerlinckx, <ref name="Joelle">{{Cite news|author=Searle|first=Adrian|title=Joelle Tuerlinckx: the artist who makes puzzles out of meteorites and Sellotape|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/dec/11/joelle-tuerlinckx-artist-puzzles-meteorites|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=The Guardian|date=11 December 2013}}</ref> na Lois Weinberger. <ref name="Culture 24">{{Cite news|author=Culture 24|title=Weinbergers Home Voodoo|url=http://www.culture24.org.uk/places-to-go/south-west/bristol/art42125|accessdate=7 January 2014|work=24 Hour Museum|date=13 December 2006}}</ref> Ihe ngosi otu gụnyere ''The Visible & the Invisible'' (1996), <ref name="Vis Invis">{{Cite web|author=InIVA|title=The Visible & the Invisible|url=http://www.iniva.org/exhibitions_projects/1996/the_visible_and_the_invisible|work=www.iniva.org|publisher=Institute of International Visual Arts|accessdate=6 January 2014|archivedate=18 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018091822/http://www.iniva.org/exhibitions_projects/1996/the_visible_and_the_invisible}}</ref> ''Series Home'' (2000-04), ''Port City'' (2007), <ref name="port city">{{Cite news|author=Mahoney|first=Elisabeth|title=Port City|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2007/sep/19/art|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=The Guardian|date=19 September 2007}}</ref> ''Far West'' (2008), <ref name="Far west">{{Cite news|author=Mahoney|first=Elisabeth|title=Far West|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/jul/04/art|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=The Guardian|date=4 July 2008}}</ref> ''Museum Show'' (2011), <ref name="Museum Show pt 1">{{Cite news|author=Papachlimitzou|first=Regina|title=A Mosaic of Collective Unconscious|url=http://aestheticamagazine.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/mosaic-of-collective-unconscious-museum.html|accessdate=6 January 2014|work=Aesthetica Magazine|date=19 October 2011}}</ref> ''Enweghị oke'' (2012) <ref name="No Borders">{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Jenifer|title=No Borders?|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/no-borders-interesting-problematic-art-show-bristol|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=Egypt Independent|date=13 January 2013}}</ref> na ''njikwa ụdị'' (2013). <ref name="Version Control">{{Cite news|author=Clarke|first=Leela|title=Version Control at Arnolfini|url=http://www.aestheticamagazine.com/blog/version-control-at-arnolfini-bristol/|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=Aesthetica Magazine|date=February 2013}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Trevor gụrụ Fine Art na Ruskin, Mahadum Oxford na Goldsmiths College, Mahadum London. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe na London, na 1990s, ọ na-ekere òkè na ihe ngosi dị iche iche nke otu, dị ka East Country Yard Show (1990), na ndị dịkọrọ ndụ gụnyere Liam Gillick, Michael Landy, Sarah Lucas na Gillian Wearing . <ref name="Curatorial Network">{{Cite web|author=Curatorial Network|title=Tom Trevor|url=http://www.curatorial.net/go/en/read/Tom+Trevor+Resume|accessdate=4 January 2014|archivedate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305225421/http://www.curatorial.net/go/en/read/Tom+Trevor+Resume}}</ref> N'afọ 1996, ọ kwadoro ọrụ ọtụtụ saịtị, ''The Visible & the Invisible: na-anọchite anya ahụ na nkà oge a & ọha mmadụ'', nke InIVA mepụtara, nke mere na ebe ndị na-abụghị nkà na gburugburu Euston, London, gụnyere ihe ngosi UK mbụ nke Tania. Bruguera na Doris Salcedo, tinyere nrụnye saịtị nke Louise Bourgeois, Bruce Nauman, Yoko Ono, [[Donald Rodney]] na ndị ọzọ. <ref name="Gilane">{{Cite news|author=Tawadros|first=Gilane|title=Feminism: Three Views|url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/feminism_three_views/|accessdate=6 January 2014|work=Frieze|date=March 2007|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403220435/http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/feminism_three_views/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Spacex, site na June 1999, Trevor chịkọtara ihe ngosi karịrị 50 yana ọrụ "ọpụpụ na saịtị", na-etinye uche n'ọrụ metụtara ọha na eze, ọrụ dabere. <ref name="Iniva biog">{{Cite web|author=InIVA|title=Tom Trevor|url=http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/t/trevor_tom|work=www.iniva.org|publisher=Institute of International Visual Arts|accessdate=6 January 2014|archivedate=27 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227043115/http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/t/trevor_tom}}</ref> Multi-saịtị ọrụ gụnyere ''ụkpụrụ'' (2001), na [[Samta Benyahia]] na Zineb Sedira, na ''Homeland'' (2004), na-egosi saịtị kpọmkwem ọrụ site 44 artists na 8 dị iche iche kwa ụbọchị ọnọdụ. <ref name="Spacex appoints">{{Cite news|author=Art Daily|title=New Director appointed for Spacex|url=http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=15218&int_modo=1#.Us0aHoU9U6E|accessdate=6 January 2014|work=Art Daily|date=15 October 2005|archive-date=2 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302095528/http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=15218&int_modo=1#.Us0aHoU9U6E|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ kwadokwara ọrụ maka Liverpool Biennial; ''Generator'' (2002), <ref name="Generator">{{Cite web|author=Generative|title=Generator|url=http://generative.net/generator/|work=generative.net|publisher=Spacex {{!}} Star|accessdate=7 January 2014|archivedate=6 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106154322/http://generative.net/generator/}}</ref> ''Hortus'' (2004) <ref name="Hortus">{{Cite web|author=Spacex|title=Hortus|url=http://spacex.org.uk/exhibitions/hortusbotany-and-empire/|work=spacex.org.uk|publisher=Spacex|accessdate=7 January 2014|archivedate=2 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302055227/http://spacex.org.uk/exhibitions/hortusbotany-and-empire/}}</ref> na, emechaa, ''Far West Metro'' (2008); <ref name="far west liverpool">{{Cite web|author=Art in Liverpool|title=Far West Metro|url=http://www.artinliverpool.com/?p=16346|work=artinliverpool.com|publisher=Art in Liverpool|accessdate=7 January 2014}}</ref> na maka Frieze Art Fair (2005) (ya na ọrụ ihe nkiri ọhụrụ nke Yang Fudong, Mark Leckey, Daria Martin, Jimmy Robert, Imogen Stidworthy na Mika Taanila ). Site na October 2005 Trevor bụ Director nke Arnolfini, na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka na-eduzi mmemme multidisciplinary nke ihe ngosi, ịrụ ọrụ, ịgba egwu, egwu na ihe nkiri, yana mmemme ọha na eze nke okwu, nzukọ ọmụmụ na mmụta & mmemme. Na 2011, na emume nke 50th ncheta, Sir Nicholas Serota kọwara Arnolfini dị ka "otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu n'ime oge omenala na Europe". <ref name="Art Daily">{{Cite news|author=Art Daily|title=Arnolfini celebrates 50th anniversary|url=http://artdaily.com/news/50674/Arnolfini-celebrates-50th-anniversary-of-presenting-the-very-best-in-contemporary-art-in-all-its-forms#.Usg9CYU9U6E|accessdate=4 January 2014|date=25 September 2011}}</ref> Ọrụ ndị a na-eduzi ogologo oge na obodo Bristol gụnyere Maria Thereza Alves ' ''Ballast Seed Garden'' (2007 na-aga n'ihu) </link> na Suzanne Lacy 's ''University of Local Knowledge'' (2009 na-aga n'ihu). <ref name="ULK">{{Cite web|author=Arnolfini|title=University of Local Knowledge|url=http://www.arnolfini.org.uk/learning/projects/the-university-of-local-knowledge|work=www.arnolfini.org.uk|publisher=Arnolfini|accessdate=7 January 2014|archivedate=11 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411051415/http://www.arnolfini.org.uk/learning/projects/the-university-of-local-knowledge}}</ref> Trevor hapụrụ Arnolfini na October 2013, mgbe afọ 8 gasịrị, iji lekwasị anya n'ịzụlite ọrụ curatorial na mba ụwa. <ref name="Artists Newsletter"/> Nke mbụ n'ime ndị a, ''Black Sun'' (nke jikọrọ Shezad Dawood ), meghere na Devi Art Foundation, na Delhi, India, na Nọvemba 2013. <ref name="Art Radar">{{Cite news|author=Bajaj|first=Kriti|title=Total eclipse: The "Black Sun" across cultures|url=http://artradarjournal.com/2013/11/29/total-eclipse-black-sun-across-cultures-picture-feast/|accessdate=5 January 2014|work=Art Radar Asia|date=29 November 2013|archive-date=6 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206132955/http://artradarjournal.com/2013/11/29/total-eclipse-black-sun-across-cultures-picture-feast/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara == '''2018''' * ''The Atlantic Project: After The Future'', 28 September-23 October 2018, dị iche iche ebe gafee Plymouth, UK. Ndị na-ese ihe: Nilbar Güreş, Tommy Støckel, Liu Chuang (onye na-ese ihe), Hito Steyerl, Vermeir & Heiremans, Kiluanji Kia Henda, Ryoji Ikeda, Yan Wang Preston, [[Donald Rodney]], Shezad Dawood, Postcommodity, Carl Slater, Superflex, Jane U. & John Matthias, Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll, Chang Jia, Ursula Biemann, Bryony Gillard, Kranemann + Emmett == Edemede na akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara == * ''Ihe niile na ihe ọ bụla: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Zero'' na ''Joelle Tuerlinckx: Wor (l) (d) (k) na ọganihu'', nke Walther Konig bipụtara, Cologne, 2013, na Arnolfini, Haus der Kunst, Munich, na Wiels, Brussels <ref name="Tuerlinkcx">{{Cite book|author=Tuerlinckx|first=Joelle|title=WOR(l)(D)(K) IN PROGRESS|year=2013|publisher=Walther Konig|location=Koln|isbn=978-3-86335-380-3}}</ref> * ''Ebe kpuru ìsì'' na ''Black Sun'', nke Ridinghouse, London, 2013 bipụtara, ya na Arnolfini na Devi Art Foundation, Delhi <ref name="Black Sun">{{Cite book|author=Dawood|first=Shezad|title=Black Sun|year=2013|publisher=Ridinghouse|isbn=978-1-905464-84-5}}</ref> * ''Ecologies atọ'' dị na ''Lois Weinberger'', nke Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2013 bipụtara, ya na SMAK, Ghent, nke Philippe van Cauteren deziri <ref name="Weinberger">{{Cite book|author=van Cauteren|first=Philippe|title=Lois Weinberger|year=2013|publisher=Hatje Cantz|location=Ostfildern|isbn=978-3-7757-3517-9}}</ref> * ''Oge efu'' na ''Cosima von Bonin, The Lazy Susan Series, Rotterdam - Bristol - Genève - Köln'', bipụtara Museum Ludwig na DuMont, Köln, 2011, na Witte de With (Rotterdam), Arnolfini na MAMCO (Geneva) <ref name="Cosima">{{Cite book|author=Baudin|first=Katia|title=Cosima von Bonin, The Lazy Susan Series, Rotterdam – Bristol – Genève – Köln|year=2011|publisher=Museum Ludwig / DuMont|location=Koln|isbn=978-3-8321-9433-8}}</ref> * ''Otto Zitko: Mụ na Mụ onwe m'', nke Jovis bipụtara, Berlin 2011, nke Tom Trevor na Ingeburg Wurzer deziri <ref name="zitko">{{Cite book|author=Zitko|first=Otto|title=Me, Myself and I|year=2011|publisher=Jovis|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-86859-132-3}}</ref> * ''Oghere maka echiche'' na ''Neil Cummings: Foto nke onwe Arnolfini'', nke Arnolfini, Bristol, 2011 bipụtara, nke Neil Cummings, Tom Trevor na Julian Warren deziri <ref name="Cummings">{{Cite book|author=Cummings|first=Neil|title=Sel Portrait: Arnolfini|url=https://archive.org/details/selfportraitarno0000cumm|year=2011|publisher=Arnolfini|location=Bristol|isbn=978-0-9568886-1-7}}</ref> * ''Nwoke Green'' na ''Lois Weinberger'', nke Musée d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne na Silvana Editoriale bipụtara, Milan 2011, nke Lóránd Hegyi deziri <ref>{{Cite book|author=Hegyi|first=Lorand|title=Lois Weinberger|year=2011|publisher=Silvana Editoriale|location=Milan|isbn=9-782907-571548}}</ref> * ''Somnanbulin: Njem dị mkpirikpi site na Middle England'' na ''Sigalit Landau'', nke Kunst-Werke, Berlin, na Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2008 bipụtara, nke Gabriele Horn na Ruth Ronen deziri <ref name="Sigalit">{{Cite book|author=Kunst-Werke|title=Sigalit Landau|year=2008|publisher=Hatje Cantz|location=Ostfildern|isbn=978-3-7757-2104-2}}</ref> * ''Okwu mmalite'' na ''Port City: On Mobility and Exchange'', nke Arnolfini, Bristol, 2007 bipụtara, nke Tom Trevor deziri <ref name="Port City">{{Cite book|author=Trevor|first=Tom|title=Port City: On Mobility and Exchange|year=2007|publisher=Arnolfini|location=Bristol|isbn=978-0907738879}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Tom Trevor: http://tomtrevor.net * Ọrụ Atlantic: http://theatlantic.org * Ọgbakọ Osimiri Dojima: http://www.dojimariver.com * Devi Art Foundation: http://deviartfoundation.org/ * Arnolfini: http://www.arnolfini.org.uk/ * Spacex: https://web.archive.org/web/20230614135929/http://spacex.org.uk/ * InIVA: http://www.iniva.org/ [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k02bbafbbbjjh92uxym8y949of0mn02 William Birch (onye na-ese ihe) 0 48956 743594 739426 2026-11-06T11:02:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Birch2ndbankpa.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px| Benjamin Henry Latrobe 's Bank of Pennsylvania, sitere na mbipụta nke anọ nke William Birch's ''Views of Philadelphia'', 1827–8.]] '''William Russell Birch''' (9 Eprel 1755 – 7 Ọgọst 1834) bụ onye na-ese ihe n’obere bekee, onye na-ese ihe, na onye na-ese ala na onye nrụpụta. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Birch na Warwickshire, nwa Anne, née Russell, na dibịa Thomas Birch. Ọ nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Warwick wee mụọ ọrụ maka onye na-ere ahịa ọla, Thomas Jeffreys na Sir Joshua Reynolds . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The life and anecdotes of William Russell Birch, enamel painter|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/life-and-anecdotes-william-russell-birch-enamel-painter--william-russell-birch-5964|publisher=Smithsonian: Archives of American Art|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref> Onye enamelist Henry Spicer zụrụ Birch na nka nke eserese enamel. <ref name=":0" /> Birch gosipụtara foto enamel na Royal Academy site na 1781 ruo 1794. Na 1785, o nwetara nrite n'aka Royal Society of Arts . Dị ka onye na-ese ihe a kacha mara ya na England maka ''Délices de la Grande Bretagne ya,'' nke nwere efere iri atọ na isii nke ụlọ ochie na Norwich na ebe ndị ọzọ, nke e bipụtara na 1791. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, Biographical and Critical|year=1886|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092716962#page/n145/mode/1up}}</ref> [[Usòrò:WBirchLib1800.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px| ''Ọbá akwụkwọ na Ụlọ Ọgwụ dọkịta na-awa'', ụlọ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Library nke Philadelphia, nke a kanyere na 1800.]] Mgbe ọ kwagara Philadelphia na 1794 <ref>{{Cite web|title=William Russell Birch (1755–1834) and the beginnings of the American picturesque|author=Emily Tyson Cooperman|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9953517/|year=1999|pages=1–561|accessdate=24 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520001447/http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9953517/|archive-date=20 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> o mere enamels eserese nke ọtụtụ ndị gụnyere mbipụta nke ihe osise George Washington, nke Gilbert Stuart dere. Usoro ihe osise o mere na 1800 nke Philadelphia vistas bụ nnukwu ewu ewu nke butere mbipụta atọ ọzọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Grant Wingate|first=Zenobia|date=|title=William Birch Biography|url=https://www.caldwellgallery.com/artists/william-birch/biography|accessdate=29 October 2020|work=Caldwell Gallery}}</ref> William Birch bụ nna Thomas Birch, onye ihe osise America na onye na-ese mmiri. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pennsylvania na-ejide ụdị edemede nke akụkọ ndụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=HSP Manuscript Guide: 1500-1599|url=http://www2.hsp.org/collections/manuscripts/1500.htm|publisher=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na Philadelphia, ọ dị afọ 79. == Na-arụ ọrụ == * ''Obodo Philadelphia, na steeti Pennsylvania North America .'' Philadelphia, 1800 * ''Oche obodo nke United States'', 1808 * Enamel dị ka Gilbert Stuart nke George Washington si kwuo, na Lazaro Galdiano Museum, Madrid. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Red Digital de Colecciones de Museos de España - Museos|url=http://ceres.mcu.es/pages/ResultSearch?txtSimpleSearch=Birch,%20William%20Russell&simpleSearch=0&hipertextSearch=1&search=advanced&MuseumsSearch=&MuseumsRolSearch=1&listaMuseos=null|accessdate=2020-12-21|work=ceres.mcu.es|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217093530/https://ceres.mcu.es/pages/ResultSearch?txtSimpleSearch=Birch,%20William%20Russell&simpleSearch=0&hipertextSearch=1&search=advanced&MuseumsSearch=&MuseumsRolSearch=1&listaMuseos=null|archive-date=2025-02-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ndetu == onye na-ere ahịa ọla, Thomas Jeffreys na Sir Joshua Reynolds . Onye enamelist Henry Spicer zụrụ Birch na nka nke eserese enamel.{{Reflist}} == Ntụaka == * Emily T. Cooperman & Lea Carson Sherk, ''William Birch: Na-ese foto nke American Scene'' (Mahadum nke Pennsylvania Press, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180724022232/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14779.html] Akụkọ ndụ mbụ nke William Birch, o nwere ụdị akụkọ ndụ ya edeziri. == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/william-russell-birch-subscription-lists-10882 Ndepụta ndenye aha William Russell Birch, 1798-1802] (Smithsonian: Archives of American Art) * [http://www.ushistory.org/birch/birch.htm William Russell Birch na Thomas Birch] (ushistory.org) * [http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/search-the-collections?ft=%22William+Russell+Birch%22 Ọchụchọ ọchụchọ maka 'William Russell Birch'] (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211205023341/https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14505.html Oche obodo nke United States] (University of Pennsylvania Press) * [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/34677/rec/42 Eserese ndị America & mbipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme sitere na nchịkọta Middendorf], ihe ngosi ihe ngosi sitere na The Metropolitan Museum of Art (n'ụzọ zuru ezu dị na ntanetị dị ka PDF), nke nwere ihe dị na Birch (no. 11 & 70) 5ovjgikqyzz2s8fx6ykt7m37jmzg8nf Sven Berge 0 50044 743556 180207 2026-11-06T03:33:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sven Berge.jpg|thumb|Sven Berge]] '''Sven Erik Berge''' (amụrụ '''Svensson''', 1 Ọktoba 1919 na Ljusdal, Hälsingland, Sweden; nwụrụ 6 Ọgọst 2004 na Malmö) bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Sweden na injinia injinia, nke a kacha mara amara maka oge ya na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration 's Ordnance. (mgbe e mesịrị Defence Materiel Administration ), ebe o duuru owuwu nke Stridsvagn 74 na Stridsvagn 103, kamakwa dị ka onye so na Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences kemgbe mmalite 1960. == Akụkọ ndụ == Sven Berge malitere ọrụ ya n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1936 site na ọzụzụ na Johansson & C: o Mekaniska Verkstad na Ljusdal, na-arụzi engine na ọrụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ígwè ọrụ. Site n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1936 ruo n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1937, ọ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ na Nydqvist & Holm AB na Trollhättan, na-agbakọta engines. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1939, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ikpeazụ ya na ngalaba ahịa AB Atlas-Diesel na Stockholm, na-ahụ maka njikwa nnyefe na ọnụ ọgụgụ. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ọrụ agha manye ya. Berge gụsịrị akwụkwọ na injinia injinia na Maskintekniska linjen na Örebro gymnasium na 1940. N'ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya 1943, e nyere Berge ọrụ dị ka fänrik nke Reserve mgbe ọ gụchara "reservofficersaspirantskola för infanteriets pansarförband" (Reserve Officer aspirant-school for the infantry's armored units) na I 9 na 1941 na "pansartruppernas reservoffic" Swedish Officers. Afọ 10 na 1942. Ọnọdụ njikere -ọrụ were ọnwa itoolu wee rụọ ya na I 9 dị ka squad- na 2nd platoon onye ndu ebe n'etiti oge okpomọkụ nke 1941 na njedebe nke 1944. Na 1 Disemba 1942, Kontrollbyrån were Berge n'ọrụ na Tygavdelningen på Kungliga Arméförvaltningen (KAF T) (ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na ngalaba ihe & inyefe nke Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration ) n'otu ọrụ akpọrọ ọnụ, nke pụtara na ọ bụ onye ọrụ obodo. KAF na onye isi na ndị agha. Nke a nyere ya ohere ịga n'ihu dị ka onye nkuzi na onye nkuzi maka ngalaba dị iche iche eji agha agha mgbe ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha nke nrụpụta tank hapụrụ oge ụfọdụ. N'ime ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha gụnyere iji dozie nsogbu teknụzụ dị iche iche metụtara ụgbọ ala ndị agha, ihe o mere site n'uche nke aka ya: mmalite 1943 o dere banyere iji oke nrụgide dị ka nchebe megide ngwa agha kemịkal, afọ mgbe a tụrụ aro banyere ike wading ka mma maka stridsvagn m. /40 e dere. Ka ọ na-erule 1945, Berge esiwo n'aka onye nnyemaaka onye nyocha gaa na onye isi maka grupp Pansarfordon (ụgbọ ala Armored otu) na ngalaba nnyefe na Stockholm. Na mmalite nke 1950s, Berge tinyere aka na nyocha nke AMX-13 tupu ịzụta ihe dị iche iche tankị 300-400 (wepụrụ na 1953 mgbe ndị Bekee gbanwere ọnọdụ ha ma nyefee Centurion ozugbo), yana nlezianya. tupu ọmụmụ maka a ụlọ ọhụrụ tank. A tụlere karịsịa mmetụta ndị dị na ọgụ n'ezie: ebee ka ihe a kụrụ akụ mere, kedu mmebi ha kpatara, na kedu ka o siri metụta ụgbọ ala na ndị ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na Centurion ahụ bụ tankị magburu onwe ya, ọ dịkwa ọkụ ọkụ, chọkwara ọtụtụ tank iji kwado ndị agha na-agba ọsọ na ọkụ ozugbo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tanks.mod16.org/2014/02/09/light-tank-development-program-1949-1950/nggallery/image/1950-20-ton-tank-project-16/|title=Light tank development program 1949-1950 – Swedish tank archives|access-date=2024-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802204021/http://tanks.mod16.org/2014/02/09/light-tank-development-program-1949-1950/nggallery/image/1950-20-ton-tank-project-16/|archive-date=2024-08-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na a kagburu ịzụrụ ihe sitere na France, a chọrọ ngwọta ọzọ. Sven Berge tụrụ aro ka egbe mgbochi ikuku (7,5&nbsp;cm luftvärnskanon m/36 na m/37)) nke na-adịkwaghị ezuru maka ọrụ ha bụ iji mee ka ọ dị ọhụrụ stridsvagn m/42 . N'afọ 1954, a họpụtara ya onye njikwa ọrụ maka ọgbara ọhụrụ, nyere m / 42 abụọ iji kwado aro ya. A na-edozi nsogbu ahụ na ogologo gbọmgbọm na-eme ka égbè dị arọ na imi na-edozi n'ụzọ a na-ahụkarị: nnukwu mmiri elekere Switzerland bụ ntọala nke usoro nhazi. Ya mere, ụfọdụ 225 stridsvagn 74 nyere iwu, ma nyefee n'etiti 1957 na 1960. Sven Berge enweelarị mgbe ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-ewu nke ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na-arụpụta stridsvagn 103 . N'August 1956, onye njikwa ngalaba ya Höglund na onye isi Fordonsbyrån (ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala nke KAFT) Eric Gillner gosipụtara echiche bụ isi. 22 Ọktoba 1956, “Agbara ọkwa banyere ihe mepụtara Swedish”, bụ ebe nkọwa teknụzụ maka itinye egbe egbe site na iji egwu tankị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ointres.se/anmalan_om_svensk_uppfinning.htm|title="Anmälan om svensk uppfinning"}}</ref> N'ime 1970s, Sven Berge bụ onye isi oche na otu ọmụmụ n'ime oru ngo ''Underlag Direkt Eld'' (UDES) (Base data Direct Fire), nke gụrụ echiche na ihe ọhụrụ gbasara tankị na ụgbọ agha ndị ọzọ. E wezụga Swedish na Bekee, Berge na-asụkwa French, German na Russian nke ọma, bụ nke mere ka ọ na-agụ na ntụgharị akwụkwọ ọkachamara mgbe niile gbasara ụgbọ agha na nkà na ụzụ metụtara ya. Mgbe ya ezumike nka dị ka agadi Chief engineer na isi nke Study- na mmepe ngalaba na Stridsfordonsbyrån (Alụso ụgbọ agha), Försvarets Materielverk, na 1984, Sven Berge meghere ya ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ na Malmö, aha ya bụ "Swedish Armour". O sonyekwara na "Technical Advisory Group", na General Dynamics Land Systems na Detroit ya na ndị enyi ya Philip W Lett na izugbe Israel Tal . E liri Sven Berge na 17 Ọgọst 2004 na Sankt Pauli kyrka, Malmö. == Isi mmalite == === Isi mmalite === Ebe ekwughị kpọmkwem ihe ọzọ, isiokwu ahụ dabere na * (in Swedish) {{Cite web|url=http://ointres.se/sven_berge.htm|title=Sven Berge in memorian|author=Rickard O. Lindström|language=Swedish|date=31 July 2014|publisher=Rickard O. Lindström, ointres.se/pansar|accessdate=9 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329065304/http://ointres.se/sven_berge.htm|archivedate=29 March 2016}} === Ntụaka ndị ọzọ === f5bmeco8qrmmvcx8z1rzqiqpyprj049 Sharvani Pillai 0 50539 743532 181273 2026-11-06T00:22:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sharvani Pillai.jpg|thumb|Sharvani Pillai]] '''Sharvany Pilae''' bụ onye India Maharashtrian omee, nke a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na Marathi serial ''Avantika'' dị ka Sanika na n'afọ 1998 ihe nkiri ''Tu Tithe Mee'' . O sitere na Maharashtra, [[Ndia|India]] ma rụọkwa ọrụ na ncha kwa ụbọchị Marathi na ihe nkiri Bollywood ndị ọzọ. == Ọrụ == Sharvani abụrụla akụkụ nke ọtụtụ ncha igwe onyonyo na akụkụ mbụ nke ọrụ ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime agwa ndị o meworo ruo ugbu a bụ nwa agbọghọ nọ n'akụkụ ya. Site na ọrụ na ''Damini'', ''Avantika'', ''Tujha Ni Majha Ghar Shrimantacha'' na ''Ambat Goad'', ọ ghọrọ onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri mgbe niile. Ọ gbara ụzọ nke abụọ na ''Avantika'' . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ''Duniya'', sitcom Hindi . Ọ pụtara ugbu a na ''Mulgi Zali Ho'' dị ka onye ndu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sharvani Pillai: I'm happy to play a strong character on screen - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sharvani-pillai-im-happy-to-play-strong-character-on-screen/articleshow/77934438.cms|accessdate=16 June 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gbara Sakvarbai na ihe nkiri marathi Swarajyarakshak Sambhaji . Sharvani nwetara kpakpando n'ihi ọrụ ya na ''Tu Tithe Mee'' . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke nwunye nwa nke onye isi protagonist, nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Marathi, Mohan Joshi na-egwuri egwu. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ihe nkiri marathi "Nishani Dawa Angtha". Sharvani gbara agwa na ''Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge'' nke na-eme Paresh Rawal na [[Ajay Devgn]] . Ọ na-arụkwa onye ndu na Marathi Stage drama ''Makadachya Haati Champagne'' na ''Alibaba ani Chalishitale Chor'' . == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Onye nduzi |- | 1998 | ''Tu Tithe Mee'' | Ada Nanasaheb <ref>{{Cite web|title=20 Years of Tu Tithe Mee|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/apr/23/12711/20-years-of-tu-tithe-mee-5-reasons-the-mohan-joshi-suhas-joshi-film-clicked/amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From %1$s&aoh=16870876208101&referrer=https://|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618112919/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/apr/23/12711/20-years-of-tu-tithe-mee-5-reasons-the-mohan-joshi-suhas-joshi-film-clicked/amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From %1$s&aoh=16870876208101&referrer=https://|archivedate=18 June 2023}}</ref> | Sanjay Surkar |- | 2008 | ''Jogwa'' | Parvya | Rajiv Patil |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''Patla Tar Ghya'' | Kishori Shreyas Oak | Amol Bhave |- | ''Nishani Dava Angatha'' | | Purshottam Berde |- | 2010 | ''Pangira'' | | Rajiv Patil |- | 2011 | ''Deool'' | Nwunye iri itoolu | Umesh Kulkarni |- | 2010 | ''Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge?'' (ihe nkiri Hindu) | Oriakụ Godbole | Ashwni Dhir |- | 2015 | ''Mmụọ na-akwụ ụgwọ'' | Gamini | rowspan="3" | Sushrut Bhagwat |- | 2018 | ''Asehi Ekada Vhave'' | Revati Vaidya |- | 2024 | <nowiki><i id="mwgQ">8 Don 75</i></nowiki> | Vatsala |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ọwa |- | 2001-2003 | ''Avantika'' | Sanika Patil | Alfa TV Marathi |- | 2012-2014 | ''Ambat Goad'' | Indumati <ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2012-12-06|title=Ambat Goad New Marathi Serial On Star Pravah|url=https://marathistars.com/tv-serial/aambat-goad-new-marathi-serial-on-star-pravah/|accessdate=2023-06-18|work=MarathiStars|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618112616/https://marathistars.com/tv-serial/aambat-goad-new-marathi-serial-on-star-pravah/|archive-date=2023-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | Star Pravah |- | 2015 | ''Nọmba Yek'' | Savitri Deshmukh <ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2015-06-18|title=Yek Number: New TV Series about college-life|url=https://marathistars.com/tv-serial/yek-number-new-tv-series-about-college-life/|accessdate=2023-06-18|work=MarathiStars|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618112617/https://marathistars.com/tv-serial/yek-number-new-tv-series-about-college-life/|archive-date=2023-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2017 | ''Khulta Kali Khulena'' | Geeta Dalvi | rowspan="3" | Zee Marathi |- | 2018 | ''Grahan'' | Rama Poddar |- | 2018-2020 | ''Swarajyarakshak Sambhaji'' | Sakvarbai <ref>{{Cite web|title=Swarajya Rakshak Sambhaji fame Actress Sharvani Pillai coming as a Producer|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/swarajya-rakshak-sambhaji-fame-actress-sharvani-pillai-coming-as-a-producer/561287/amp|accessdate=2023-06-18|work=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> |- | 2020-2022 | ''Mulgi Zali Ho'' | Uma Patil <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-04|title=Sharvani Pillai: I'm happy to play a strong character on screen|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sharvani-pillai-im-happy-to-play-strong-character-on-screen/articleshow/77934438.cms|accessdate=2023-06-18}}</ref> | Star Pravah |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.orkut.com/Main#Community?cmm=33994230|title=orkut|publisher=orkut.com|accessdate=9 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919100156/http://www.orkut.com/Main#Community?cmm=33994230|archivedate=19 September 2013}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.mformovie.in/a-kiss-and-a-tale/|title='A kiss and a tale' &#124; m 4 MOVIE|publisher=mformovie.in|accessdate=9 February 2014|archivedate=1 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201193051/http://www.mformovie.in/a-kiss-and-a-tale/}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/10/20/stories/2006102002040300.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204032304/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/10/20/stories/2006102002040300.htm|archivedate=4 February 2014|title=Friday Review Bangalore / Theatre : Seemingly farcical|author=bgbnd|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 October 2006|accessdate=9 February 2014}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|3976589}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nmltkdh2gui1khcn8vzhx3oth8bfxm2 Shaheen Merali 0 50696 743530 708067 2026-11-06T00:10:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Shaheen Merali|image=Shaheen Merali by P. Putz .jpg|birth_date=1959|birth_place=Tanzania|nationality=British|education=1986 Adult Education, Willesden College of Technology, London 1982 B.A. (Hons.) Fine Art (Sculpture), Gwent College of Further Education, Wales 1979 Foundation Course, Barnet College, London|occupation=curator, critic, writer, artist}} A mụrụ Merali na 1959 na Tanganyika, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Tanzania.[1] Ezinụlọ ya hapụrụ India wee bịarute Tanganyika na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi ndị Britain na-achị iji nyochaa ịchọpụta amụma ọrụ nke colonial na-agbaso amụma ọrụ ya. E zigara ndị ọrụ South Asia n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa iji nyere aka n'ịkwalite mmepe obodo na mmepụta nke ókèala East Africa.[1] Nne Merali mụrụ na Mombasa, [[Kenya]], na nna ya mụrụ na Mwanza, Tanganyika. Afọ iri ka nnwere onwe gasịrị, ezinụlọ Merali bịara UK dị ka ndị Britain na-achị. Merali, onye dị afọ 11 mgbe ahụ, na ezinụlọ ya gara biri na Borough nke Enfield, North [[London]]. Merali gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Arnos wee mesịa kọleji Southgate. Ọ mechaa nkuzi ntọala ya na nka na nka na Barnet College. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara Gwent College of Education, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a dị ka Gwent College, Newport, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na nkà mmụta ihe ọkpụkpụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Merali gara n'ihu na-ebi na Newport ruo otu afọ ọzọ mgbe ya na ndị na-eto eto na-arụ ọrụ na obodo, na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ obibi. Dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi na Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Merali haziri ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na akwụkwọ ndị ọ dezigharịrị, gụnyere ''The Black Atlantic''; ''Dreams and Trauma - Moving images and the Promised Lands''; na ''Re-Imagining Asia'', <ref name=":1"/> One Thousand Years of Separation. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Re-imagining Asia: A Thousand Years of Separation|url=https://archive.org/details/reimaginingasiat0000unse|author=ed. Merali|first=Shaheen|publisher=Saqi Books|year=2008|isbn=978-0863566530|location=|pages=}}</ref> Merali bụ onye na-ahụ maka 6th Gwangju Biennale, Korea (2006) na onye na-elekọta Berlin Heist ma ọ bụ mmasị na-adịgide adịgide nke obodo ndị nwere mgbidi maka 4th Mediations Biennale. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gwangjubiennale.org/en/biennale/past/55.do?subPageCode=planner&Cmenucode=05|title=지난 광주비엔날레|author=|first=|date=|work=Gwangju Biennale|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/30663/when-nowhere-becomes-here/|title=4th Mediations Biennale: When Nowhere Becomes Here|author=Wendland|first=Tomasz|date=September 13, 2014|work=e-flux|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 1988, Merali guzobere Panchayat Arts Education Resource Unit na gburugburu Spitafields Market. Ọrụ bụ isi nke Ngalaba ahụ bụ otu n'ime ịnakọta ihe ndị na-adịghị adịte aka, akwụkwọ na mbipụta.<ref name=":1"/> Nchịkọta ahụ nyere ihe nyocha iji gosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti nka nke oge a na nke oge a site na omume ncheta nke lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe na United Kingdom na mba ụwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-britain/library-archive-reading-rooms/library|title=Tate Library|author=|first=|date=|work=tate.org.uk|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> E nyere ihe ndekọ Panchayat ma bụrụzi akụkụ nke Ọbá Akwụkwọ Tate Special Collection na London.<ref name=":2" /> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Merali na 1959 na Tanganyika, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=64&table=artists|title=Diaspora-artists: View details|work=new.diaspora-artists.net|accessdate=2019-09-20|archivedate=2022-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814035009/http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=64&table=artists}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ya hapụrụ India wee rute Tanganyika na mbido narị afọ nke 20 dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa ndị Britain na-achị iji nyochaa iwu ọrụ ya na-agbaso iwu ọrụ ya. E zigara ndị ọrụ South Asia n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka iji nyere aka n'ịga n'ihu n'ime obodo na mmepụta ihe nke mpaghara Ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka.[1] A mụrụ nne Merali na Mombasa, Kenya, a mụrụ nna ya na Mwanza, Tanganyika. Afọ iri mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, ezinụlọ Merali bịara UK dị ka ndị Britain. Merali, onye dị afọ iri na otu n'oge ahụ, na ezinụlọ ya biri na Borough of Enfield, North London. Merali gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Arnos ma mesịa gaa kọleji Southgate. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Foundation Course na Art na Design na Barnet College. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara Gwent College of Education, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Gwent College, Newport, ebe ọ gụsịrị akara ugo mmụta na ihe ọkpụkpụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Merali gara n'ihu biri na Newport maka otu afọ ọzọ nke ya na ndị okenye na-eto eto na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ obodo, na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ. == Ọrụ == Merali pụtara dị ka onye na-ese ihe na 1980s. N'ọrụ nka mbụ ya, ihe ọ họọrọ bụ ise ihe, collage na batik.<ref name=":7"/> Ịrụ ọrụ na batik mere ka onye na-ese ihe nwee ike ịjụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti "nkà" na "ọrụ", site n'itinye nke ikpeazụ n'ime oghere nke ngosi gallery a raara nye 'nkà dị mma'. Nzukọ ọzọ Merali lụrụ ọgụ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ ịchọ mma nke batik: ọrụ nka ya na-agbanye mgbe niile na akụkọ onwe onye, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] Site n'ọrụ batik, Merali gbanwere gaa na mgbasa ozi ngwakọta, vidiyo na nka ntinye. Mgbe ọ laghachiri London, Merali gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ndị okenye na ụmụaka na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ na nke na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọrụ obodo na ụlọ ọrụ ndị omempụ na-eto eto.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Shwetal Patel|first=Shaheen Merali|date=December 2017|title=On the critical decades and the role of archives|url=http://www.on-curating.org/issue-35-reader/panchayat-and-more.html#.XX-bsJNKiu4|journal=On Curating|volume=37|pages=50;55}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, site na nkwado nke Haringey Arts Council, ọ haziri ogbako na gallery na-agbanwe agbanwe a na-akpọ One Spirit Batik Centre na Wood Green na-ahụ maka ịrụ ọrụ na ndị na-eto eto nwere nkwarụ nwere Bekee dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ.<ref name=":7"/> N'agbata afọ 1990 na 1991, Merali haziri ihe ngosi nke Chila Kumari Burman na Tam Joseph, yana ihe ngosi nke ndị na-ese ihe si Soweto, South Africa na ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ si Havana, Cuba. N'ihi ya, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gosipụta ọrụ nke ya na Mahadum nke West Indies, ebe a haziri ihe ngosi otu onye ya na kọntaktị nke Don Cherry. Na mbido afọ 1989, Merali zutere ndị nlekọta na ndị nduzi nke 3rd Havana Biennale na-abịanụ, gụnyere Geraldo Mosquera na Liliane Llanes.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|author=Whitelegg|first=Isobel|date=2012-05-01|title=Making Art Global (Part 1):The Third Havana Biennale|journal=Third Text|volume=26|issue=3|pages=372–374|doi=10.1080/09528822.2012.679046|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> Ha mejupụtara atụmatụ Merali nke itinye aka na ndị omenkà ojii na ndị Eshia ise, ndị bi na Britain mana ha si na diaspora zuru ụwa ọnụ, ka a tinye ha n'ihe bụ, ruo mgbe ahụ, Southern World biennale. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Cuba na 1988, Merali haziri ọrụ nke ndị omenkà ise ahụ, Sonia Boyce, Allan de Souza, Pitika Ntuli na [[Keith Piper]] n'akụkụ ọrụ nke ya ka egosiputa na Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes na Havana, yana na Institute of Education, London. Ahụmahụ ahụ na Havana kwadoro mmekọrịta ọrụ nke ime ihe ngosi na ohere nke idebe site na nhazi. Merali na-etinye aka na agụmakwụkwọ obodo gosipụtara onwe ya ohere ndị ọzọ: na 1988 ọ sonyeere otu ndị na-ese ihe, Bhajan Hunjan, Symrath Patti, Allan de Souz na Shanti Thomas, bụ ndị zutere na Slade School of Art iji kwurịta ohere nke nzukọ n'ụzọ ego onwe onye.<ref name=":1"/> Merali na de Souza wepụtara onwe ha ma ghọọ ndị nchịkwa na-ahụ maka Panchayat Arts Education Resource Centre. Nzukọ ahụ na-etinye aka na mbipụta, ihe ngosi na ogbako, yana ọrụ ya bụ isi nke ịnakọta ihe dị ka ndekọ nke oge ndị ahụ. Panchayat lekwasịrị anya na njikọ na-eto eto nke ndị Black na ndị na-ese ihe n'Eshia na ụwa nka zuru ụwa ọnụ, yana idekọ okwu ha metụtara njikọ dị n'etiti agbụrụ, klas, okike, mmekọahụ ndị uwe ojii na ikike (dis). [1] N'afọ 2015, e nyere Nchịkọta ahụ dị ka onyinye nye Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Tate. <ref name=":2"/> N'otu oge ahụ na ọrụ nchọpụta na nchekwa ihe ochie, Merali haziri Crossing Black Waters na City Gallery, Leicester, nke gara South London Gallery, Cartwright Hall, Bradford, Oldham Gallery na Museum, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ oge mbụ na oghere ndị a gosipụtara ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe si India, Pakistan na ndị bi na UK. Merali gara n'ihu na-ahụ maka Extreme Unction, HIV / AIDS, RACE / ETHNICITY, ihe ngosi mbụ nke ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere Paul Pfeiffer na Ken Chu, sitere na US na Canada bụ ndị na-enyocha ma ọrụ na ọdịbendị nke HIV / AIDS. Njikọ ya na ndị na-ese ihe si US na Canada gara n'ihu site na ịgwọta mpaghara / akụkọ ihe mere eme na A Space, Toronto na Lethaby Gallery, London. N'afọ 2000, n'otu afọ ahụ Panchayat meriri oku maka Rich Mix Project, <ref name=":1"/> Merali jikọtara Slow Release na Bishopsgate Goodsyard, London, nke gụnyere ọrụ ọhụrụ nke Edwina Fitzpatrick na ntinye nke Dinh Q Le na Simryn Gill. Merali gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, na-ekere òkè na ihe ngosi otu, dị ka Out of India, Queens Museum, nke Jane Farver haziri, na Transforming the Crown, Bronx Museum of Art, nke Mora Beauchamp-Byrd haziri (lee Artistic practice). Site na mmepe nke ọgwụgwọ dị ka omume na ihe ngosi nke na-ewetara ya nkwenye curatorial, nsogbu nke ndị na-ese ihe ịbụ ndị nlekọta na vice versa pụtara. N'ịgbaso akwụkwọ'','' dị ka Eddie Chambers' Crowning folly na Art Monthly, Merali kpebiri izere esemokwu nwere ike ịpụta mgbe ndị nlekọta na-elekọta ọrụ nke ha. N'achọghị ịkọwa ndị ọzọ site n'omume nke onwe ya, Merali lekwasịrị anya na curatorial. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge ahụ, Merali amalitelarị ịkụzi ihe na Saint Martins's School of Art na Mahadum Westminster, na 2003 e nyere ya ọkwa na Haus der Kulturen der Welt. Mgbe ọ kwagara Berlin, Merali na mbụ rụrụ ọrụ na mmemme nke nnukwu ihe ngosi abụọ: DisORIENTation nke Jack Persekian haziri; na Body City na Geeta Kapour na Jyotinder Jain. N'oge nkwekọrịta afọ ise ya na HKW, na 2006 e nyere Merali ikike ime nchọpụta na ịrụ ọrụ na Prọfesọ Wu Hung na 6th Gwangju Biennale. Merali wee nọrọ oge dị ukwuu n'etiti Berlin na Korea, na-eme nchọpụta ma na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ biennale, na-ele anya na ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na'ese ihe n'Eshia na-arụ ọrụ banyere Eshia.<ref name=":8"/> Mmekọrịta ọrụ ya na Prọfesọ Wu Hung gara n'ihu na Mahadum Chicago, ebe ha jikọrọ aka chepụta Re-Imagining Asia - A Thousand Years Of Separation . <ref name=":11">{{Cite book|title=Re-imagining Asia : a thousand years of separation|url=https://archive.org/details/reimaginingasiat0000unse|date=2008|publisher=Saqi|others=Merali, Shaheen, 1959-|isbn=9780863566530|location=London|oclc=183148572}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, Merali, Wu Hung na Christopher Philips rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ maka ntinye Berlin nke ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme Between Past and Future, nke malitere na ICP, New York, wee gaa HWK, Berlin, na n'ikpeazụ na V&amp;amp;A, London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smartmuseum.uchicago.edu/exhibitions/between-past-and-future-new-photography-and-video-from-china/|title=Between Past and Future: New Photography and Video from China {{!}} Smart Museum of Art|work=smartmuseum.uchicago.edu|accessdate=2019-09-24}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na HWK kwụsịrị, a gwara Merali ka ọ chepụta ma nye aka na gallery ọhụrụ na Berlin maka Bodhi Group, nke nwere oghere na Mumbai, Singapore na New York.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://vernissage.tv/blog/2008/05/09/frontlines-notations-from-the-contemporary-indian-urban-bodhi-berlin-interview-with-the-artistic-director-shaheen-merali/|title=Frontlines: Notations from the contemporary Indian Urban / BodhiBerlin / Interview with the artistic director Shaheen Merali|author=Enrico|date=9 May 2008|work=Vernissage TV|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> Ya na ndị na-ahụ maka teknụzụ n'ógbè ahụ rụkọtara ọrụ iji mepụta oghere gallery buru ibu n'akụkụ gallery ise ndị ọzọ nke a maara dị ka BodhiBerlin, nke na-anọchite anya ndị na-ese ihe gụnyere Shilpa Gupta, Subodh Gupta na Jitish Kallat. Merali gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Europe, Eshia na America na ihe ngosi na Tokyo Gallery, Budla Gallery, Kunstagenten Gallery, Berlin, Birla Academy of Art & Culture, Kolkata; Castrum Peregrini, Amsterdam; Brot Kunsthalle, Vienna; Arario Gallery, New York; Freies Museum, Berlin, wdg (lee Curatorial Practice). N'oge a, Merali na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ese ihe si Iran, Palestine, India na diasporas ya. N'afọ 2014-2015, ọ kwadoro ihe ngosi nke 4th Mediations Biennale, Poland.<ref name=":9"/> '''1989''' == Omume nlekọta == === 1989-2003: Nnwere Onwe === * Ịdị iche nke akara, Bloomsbury Gallery, Institute of Education, London. Mụ na Sonia Boyce, Keith Piper, Allan de Souza, Pitika Ntuli.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Black Artists in British Art : A History from 1950 to the Present.|author=CHAMBERS, Eddie.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781780762722|oclc=874429495|date=2014-07-30}}</ref> * ''Ndị Black British Artists ise,'' Havana Biennale, Cuba. Ntinye aka mbụ site n'aka ndị Black na-ese ihe si Europe na Havana Biennale. Gụnyere òkè nke Sonia Boyce, Keith Piper, Allan de Souza, Pitika Ntuli, a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Correia|first=Alice|date=8 June 2012|title=Zarina Bhimji: Light, Time and Dislocation|journal=Third Text|language=en|volume=26|issue=3|pages=359–363|doi=10.1080/09528822.2012.679043|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> * Siting Resistance, Embassy Cultural House, London, Ontario, Canada. Ọ bụ Jamelie Hassan, Ron Banner malitere ya, ya na ọrụ Sonia Boyce, Keith Piper, Allan de Souza, Pitika Ntuli. * ''Ihe ngosi otu si South Africa na ndị na-ese ihe nwere ikike (Dis),'' One Spirit Gallery, Haringey, London.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=64&table=artists|title=Diaspora-artists: View details|work=new.diaspora-artists.net|accessdate=2019-09-18|archivedate=2022-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814035009/http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=64&table=artists}}</ref> * Ihe ngosi otu onye nke ''Chila Kumari Burman,'' One Spirit Gallery, Haringey, London.[1]<ref name=":3" /> * Ihe ngosi otu onye nke Tam Joseph, One Spirit Gallery, Haringey, London.[1]<ref name=":3" /> * Crossing Black Waters, City Gallery, Leicester; Cartwright Hall, Bradford; Oldham Art Gallery and Museum, Oldham; South London Art Gallery, London. Ndị na-ese ihe na UK: Said Adrus, Manjeet Lamba, Nina Edge, Bhajan Hunjan, Samena Rana; ndị na-ese egwu na India: Anand Moy Banerji, Sushanta Guha, Arpana Caur, Sashidaran; ndị na'ese egwu na Pakistan: Quddus Mirza, Anwar Saeed. Ya na Allan de Souza na-edozi ya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Crossing black waters|url=https://archive.org/details/crossingblackwat0000unse|author=DeSouza|first=Allan|date=1992|publisher=Working Press|isbn=9781870736213|location=London|language=English|oclc=29595464}}</ref> '''1993''' * Forensic Fictions, ICA, London. Ya na Stuart Taylor na-arụkọ ọrụ. '''1994''' * Extreme Unction, HIV/AIDS, RACE/ ETHNICITY, The Garage, Hoxton, East London. Egwuregwu na ntinye nke ndị na-ese ihe na Asia America Dan Kwong, Monica Chau, Paul Pfeiffer na Ken Chu / onye na-ese egwu na Scotland Alistair Maclennan. Ihe ngosi nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Asia American na National Film Theatre gụnyere Tran T.Kim Trang. '''1995''' * ''Samena Rana,'' Diorama Centre, London. Ihe ngosi mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na ikike na foto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.disabilityartsonline.org.uk/1990_1999|title=1990 - 1999 - disability arts online|work=www.disabilityartsonline.org.uk|accessdate=2019-09-18|archivedate=2018-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627202100/http://www.disabilityartsonline.org.uk/1990_1999}}</ref> * Insurgent Voices, Gallerie 101, Ottawa, Canada. Ndị na-ese ihe n'Eshia America na-arụ ọrụ na HIV / AIDS, RACE / ETHNICITY. Ntinye nke Ming Ma & Ken Chu na ọrụ vidiyo nke Tran T. Kim Trang. '''1996''' * Creative Futures Festival, Mahadum Westminster. * ''Richard Graville,'' Commercial Gallery, London. * ''Clare Robins,'' Commercial Gallery, London. * ''Mmekọahụ na ọtụtụ ya,'' Watermans Arts Centre, London. Ihe ngosi vidio gbasara nwoke. Ndị na-ese ihe: Ming Ma, ManAct, Michael Petry, Keith Piper, Sarbjit Samra. Ya na Jeremy Mulvey na-ahụ maka ya. '''1997''' * Videobox, Mahadum nke Westminster Gallery, London. Ọrụ vidiyo site n'aka ndị Black na ndị na-ese ihe n'Eshia site na ebe nchekwa Panchayat. * Foreign Vienna, University of Westminster Gallery, London. Ihe ndekọ foto nke ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke Vienna. '''1998''' * ''Xenographic Views, Lisl Ponger,'' Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, MA Space, London. '''1999''' * unbound geographies / agwakọta akụkọ ihe mere eme, A Space, Toronto; The Lethaby Gallery, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, London. Ndị na-ese ihe: Simon Tegala, Tanya Syed, Jin-Min Yoon, Enam Huque. Ya na Shelly Bahl na Marilyn Jung na-edozi ya.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://e-artexte.ca/id/eprint/13427/|title=Unbound Geographies/Fused Histories : The British/Canadian Xchange|date=1998|publisher=A Space|location=Toronto, Ont.|language=en}}</ref> '''2000''' * Slow Release, Bishopsgate Goodsyard, London. Kọmitii ndị a kapịrị ọnụ gburugburu echiche nke ogige ahụ. Ndị na-ese ihe: Edwina Fitzpatrick, Simryn Gill, Dinh Q. Le. Ya na Janice Cheddie, Sharmini Pereira na Sally Tallant. '''2001''' * ''Ndị na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ,'' AI-Saqi Bookshop, London, ihe ngosi nke ndị na-ese egwu mba ụwa bi na London W2. Ndị na-ese ihe: Anna Thew, Robert Taylor, David Medalla, Caryle Reedy, Tina Keene. Ya na Mai Ghossoub na-ahụ maka ya. * ''Martin,'' Spitz Gallery, London. Ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Central Saint Martins. '''2002''' * ''Ford'', Oxford House, Ashley Gardens na 1&1, Three East London gallery. Ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Central Saint Martins School of Art and Design. '''2006''' * Ọgọst 9 - Nọvemba 11. ''The Sixth Gwangju Biennale 2006: Ọrịa ọkụ, Isi nke Mbụ.'' Gwangju Biennale Hall, Gwangju. Chief Curator Wu Hung, ya na Curators Shaheen Merali na Binghui Huangfu na Collaborating Curator Jacquelynn Baas. Ndị na-ese ihe: Lida Abdul, Lise Autogena & Joshua Portway, Thomas Bayrle, Dove Bradshaw, Chen Chieh-jen, Choi Jung Hwa, Choi Min Hwa, David Hammons, Hong Lei, Michael Joo, Jitish Kallat, Akio Kamisato/Satoshi Shibata/Takehisa Mashimo, Kim Jong-ku, Sang Sang, Sun Khas, Yanah Q. Le, Lee Lee Lee Lee Zhh, Lee Lee, Lee Lee Zhi, Lee Lee Sigh, Lee Lee Ufan Man Man Man, Zhhhh, Zh, Zhihi, Zuan, Zh Men, Zh Man Man Man Zh, Zhang Zh, Hung, Zhi, Zhier, Zhi Man Man Man. Zhi, Chan, Zhi Zhi, Zhang Zhu, Zh. Zh, Chan, Chan, Zhang Zhi, Hung, Chan, Hung, Zhang Zht, Zhi. Zhihihi, Chan Chan, Zh Sh Sh Sh Sheng, Z, Zhijar, Zh N, Zhi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caareviews.org/reviews/928#.XYItHJNKiu4|title=The Sixth Gwangju Biennale 2006: Fever Variations|author=Noriko Murai and Hyeshin Kim|date=|work=caa.reviews|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> === 2003-2008: Haus der Kulturen der Welt === * 2004 ''The Black Atlantic - Ọdịbendị Na-agagharị agagharị, Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme, Njirimara Networked,'' Onye Nlekọta Ihe ngosi. Ndị na-ese ihe: [[Isaac Julien]], Keith Piper, Lisl Ponger, Tim Sharp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archiv.hkw.de/en/programm/programm2004/blackatlantic/c_index.html|title=Black Atlantic: Travelling Cultures, Counter-Histories, Networked Identities|author=|first=|date=|work=HKW Archive|accessdate=|archivedate=2022-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814013142/https://archiv.hkw.de/en/programm/programm2004/blackatlantic/c_index.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Der black Atlantic|date=2004|publisher=Haus der Kulturen der Welt|others=Gilroy, Paul, 1956-, Campt, Tina., El-Tayeb, Fatima.|isbn=3980885151|location=Berlin|oclc=70072491}}</ref> * 2005 Dreams and Trauma - emume ihe nkiri na ihe oyiyi na-agagharị agagharị, ihe ngosi nke ndị omenkà iri na abụọ sitere na Palestine na Israel, Ihe ngosi na Onye Nchịkwa Ihe nkiri. Ndị na-ese ihe: Guy Ben-Ner, Yael Bartana, Ori Gersht, Talia Keinan, Sigalit Landau, Sharone Lifschitz, Rashid Masharawi, Rosalind Nashabishi, Nira Pereg, Karen Russo, Ruti Sela & Maayan Amir, Doron Solomons na Tanya Ury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hkw.de/en/programm/projekte/veranstaltung/p_7323.php|title=Dream and Trauma|author=|first=|date=|work=Haus der Kulturen der Welt|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> * 2007 New York States Of Mind - Art And The City, Exhibition and Film Curator. Ndị na-ese ihe: Iona Rozeal Brown, Ian Burns, Laura Carton, Carolina Caycedo, CUP, Marcel Duchamp, Rainer Ganahl, Hans Haacke, David Hammons, Jonathan Horowitz, Tehching Hsieh, Kim Jones, Jon Kessler, Mark Lombardi, Mary Ellen Mark, Sarah Morris, Gordon Matta-Clark, Josephine Meckseper, Ana Mendieta, [[William Pope.L|William Pope]].[[William Pope.L|L]], Printed Matter, Inc., Elaine Reichek, Carolee Schneemann, Ward Shelley, [[Tavares Strachan]], [[Kehinde Wiley]], Fred Wilson, Jordan Wolfson, Terence Koh, Nikki S. Lee, Patty Chang.<ref>{{Cite book|title=New York States of Mind: Art and the City|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780863566813|author=ed. Merali|first=Shaheen|publisher=Saqi Books|date=November 1, 2007|isbn=978-0863566813|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=New York - states of mind : art in the city; [on the occasion of the exhibition and film program "New York - States of Mind - Art in the City", Berlin, August 24 -November 4, 2007, House of World Cultures; New York, December 16, 2007 - March 23, 2008, Queens Museum of Art]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780863566813|author=Merali, Shaheen|date=2008|publisher=Saqi|isbn=9780863566813|oclc=254669074}}</ref> * 2008 Re-Imagining Asia - A Thousand Years Of Separation, Film Curator na Exhibition Co-curator na Wu Hung. Ndị na-ese ihe: Chiho Aoshima, Parastou Forouhar, Subodh Gupta, Andreas Gursky, Ikeda Manabu, Michael Joo, Johannes Kahrs, Bharti Kher, Kim Jongku, Kimsooja, Sun K. Kwak, Dinh Q. Lê, Miao Xiaochun, Ujino Muneteru, Gabriel Orozco, Rashid Rana, Ki-bong Rhee, Takako Saito, Shenomin, Shi Jinsong, Song Dong, Rirkrit Shavanija. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":11"/> === Ihe osise Bodhi 2008 === * Frontlines: Nkọwa sitere na Contemporary India Urban, BodhiBerlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Subodh Gupta, Atul Dodiya, Zarina Hashmi, Jitish Kallat, Riyas Komu, Valsan Kolleri, Nataraj Sharma.<ref name=":12"/> * Shilpa Gupta: Blindstars, Starsblind, BodhiBerlin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rhizome.org/editorial/2008/jun/24/shilpa-gupta-blindstars-starsblind-bodhiberlin-int/|title=Shilpa Gupta: BlindStars StarsBlind / BodhiBerlin / Interview with Shilpa Gupta and Shaheen Merali|author=Enrico|date=Jun 24, 2008|work=Rhizome|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Ebe ọ bụla bụ Agha (na asịrị banyere agha),'' BodhiMumbai. Ndị na-ese ihe: Subodh Gupta, Jitish Kallat, Hema Upadhyay, Bharti Kher, Francesco Clemente, [[Riyas Komu]]">Jon Kessler, Sara Rahbar, Zarina Hashmi, ShilpaSubodh Gupta Raghavan, Pablo Bartholomew, Rashid Rana, Sumedh Raghavan. Alicia Framis, Reena Kallat, Chitra Ganesh, Jaishri Abichandnama, Anita Dube, Rina Banerjee,Jitish Kallat Anju, V V V Vhan, Baich, Vari<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-painting-war-wounds-on-canvas-1184975|title=Painting war wounds on canvas|author=H D’Sa|first=Francis|date=Aug 22, 2008|work=DNA India|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> * The Urban Spiel - ọmụmụ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe, BodhiBerlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Paul Eachus, Rob Voerman na Sumedh Rajendran. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.art-agenda.com/announcements/188961/bodhiberlin-presents-urban-spiel-a-study-of-sculpture-and-material|title=BodhiBerlin presents Urban Spiel – A Study Of Sculpture And Material|author=|first=|date=1 September 2008|work=Art Agenda|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * Nataraj Sharma na N.S. Harsha na abc art berlin contemporary, BodhiBerlin. * ''Jitish Kallat: Nkwupụta Ọha 2'', BodhiSingapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/jitish-kallat-public-notice-2|title=catalogue: Jitish Kallat: Public Notice - 2|author=(ed.) Merali|first=Shaheen|date=|work=Asia Art Archive|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Riyas Komu: Ndepụta metụtara ya,'' BodhiBerlin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theartstrust.com/Magazine_article.aspx?articleid=135|title=Riyas Komu's 'Related List' contains his artistic concerns|author=|first=|date=|work=The Art Trust|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> '''2009''' * Indian Popular Culture and Beyond, Alcalá 31, Madrid. Ndị na-ese ihe: Jaishri Abichandani, Shezad Dawood, CK Rajan, GR Iranna, Riyas Komu, Prasad Raghavan, Sara Rahbar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://1995-2015.undo.net/it/mostra/82324|title=Indian Popular Culture and beyond|author=|first=|date=|work=Undo.net|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * The Augmented Flaws, Kunstagenten Gallery, Berlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Daniele Buetti, [[Rajkamal Kahlon]], Jon Kessler, Leila Pazooki. * The Dark Science of Five Continents, Gallery BMB, Mumbai. Ndị na-ese ihe: Jake na Dinos Chapman, Tunga, George Osodi, Riyas Komu, Jon Kessler, Wang Qingsong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/the-dark-science-of-five-continents|title=catalogue: The Dark Science of Five Continents|author=(ed.) Merali|first=Shaheen|date=|work=Asia Art Archive|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Eerie na languid,'' Artisterium09, National Museum Tbilisi, Georgia. Onye na-ese ihe: Laleh Khorramian, Carlos Amorales, Jean-Gabriel Périot.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Manifest of Changes and an Inner Experience : 2nd Tbilisi International Contemporary and Art Events; artisterium 09, 8-15. october 2009|author=Zautashvili, Iliko.|date=2009|publisher=Artisterium|isbn=9789941008184|location=|pages=68|oclc=917760896}}</ref> * ''Nkwa nke Mfu: ndepụta nke oge a nke Iran,'' Brot Kunsthalle, Vienna. Ndị na-ese ihe: Samira Abbassy, Iman Afsarian, Asgar/Gabriel, Masoumeh Bakhtyari, Shahram Entekhabi, Parastou Forouhar, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Peyman Hooshmandzadeh, Abbas Kowsari, Mandana Moghaddam, Amin Nourani, Sara Rahbar, Neda Razavipour, Behrang Samadzadegan, Rozita Sharafjahan, Jinoos Taghizadeh.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The promise of loss : a contemporary index of Iran|date=2009|publisher=ÖIP/EIKON|others=Merali, Shaheen, 1959-, Galerie Hilger (Vienna, Austria), Galerie Hilger BrotKunsthalle.|isbn=9783902250506|location=Vienna, Austria|pages=|oclc=603298926}}</ref> '''2010''' * ''Nkwa nke Mfu: ndepụta nke oge a nke Iran,'' Arario Gallery, New York. Ndị na-ese ihe: Samira Abbassy, Iman Afsarian, Asgar/Gabriel, Masoumeh Bakhtyari, Shahram Entekhabi, Parastou Forouhar, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Peyman Hooshmandzadeh, Abbas Kowsari, Mandana Moghaddam, Amin Nourani, Sara Rahbar, Neda Razavipour, Behrang Samadzadegan, Rozita Sharafjahan, Jinoos Taghizadeh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artfacts.net/exhibition/the-promise-of-loss-a-contemporary-index-of-iran/223148|title=The Promise of Loss. A Contemporary Index of Iran|author=|first=|date=|work=Artfacts.net|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * Never Run Away, Stux Gallery, New York. Ndị na-ese ihe: Reena Kallat, Sara Rahbar . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuxgallery.com/publications/never-run-away|title=NEVER RUN AWAY|author=|first=|date=|work=Stux Gallery|accessdate=18 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921085421/http://www.stuxgallery.com/publications/never-run-away|archive-date=21 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''East City: Kolkata Tupu mkpọsa ahụ,'' Birla Academy of Art & Culture, Kolkata. Onye na-ese ihe: Leena Kejriwal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=east-city-kolkata-before-the-campaign&iid=11&articleid=109|title=East City Kolkata: Before the campaign|author=|first=|date=|work=Art News and Views|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101142317/http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=east-city-kolkata-before-the-campaign&iid=11&articleid=109|archivedate=November 1, 2011|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * Nchebe maka Ìhè, Azad Gallery, Tehran. Onye na-ese ihe: Riyas Komu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parkingallery.com/?p=647|title=Safe to Fight|author=Merali|first=Shaheen|date=|work=Parkin Gallery|accessdate=18 September 2019|archivedate=24 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624103222/http://www.parkingallery.com/?p=647}}</ref> * ''3 Olu n'isi m,'' Freies Museum, Berlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Ulrich Volz, Yvette Mattern, Gregg LeFevre. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artrabbit.com/events/three-voices-in-my-head|title=Three Voices in My Head|author=|first=|date=|work=ArtRabbit|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * The Stalking of Absence (vis-à-vis) Iran, Tokyo Gallery + BTAP, Tokyo. Ndị na-ese ihe: Reza Abedini, Matilda Aslizadeh, Bahar Behbahani, Ramesch Daha, Sarah Dolatabadi, Ghazel, Raha Rastifard, Newsha Tavakolian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tokyo-gallery.com/en/exhibitions/intokyo/the-stalking-of-absence-vis-a-vis-iran.html|title=The Stalking of Absence (vis-a-vis Iran)|author=|first=|date=|work=Tokyo Gallery + BTAP|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * The 11th Hour, An Exhibition of Contemporary Art from India/Diaspora, Tang Contemporary, Beijing. Ndị na-ese ihe: Tariq Alvi, Madhu na Hazra Chitrakar, Shilpa Gupta, Tushar Joag, The Otolith Group, Baiju Parthan, TV Santosh, Tejal Shah, Sudharsan Shetty, Thukral &amp;amp; Tagra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/the-11th-hour-an-exhibition-of-contemporary-art-from-india-diaspora|title=The 11th Hour: An Exhibition of Contemporary Art from India / Diaspora|author=(ed.) Merali|first=Shaheen|date=2010|work=Asia Art Archive|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Cinema Verite Redux,'' Sumukha Gallery, Bangalore. Ndị na-ese ihe: Subba Ghosh, Ravi Kashi, Attila Richard Lucas, Parvathi Nayar, Charly Nijensohn, Prasad Raghavan, Marina Roy. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://artexpoindia.blogspot.com/2010/07/cinema-verite-redux-at-gallery-sumukha.html|title='Cinema Verite Redux' at Gallery Sumukha, Bangalore|author=|first=|date=10 July 2010|work=Art Expo India|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''E wezụga Paris,'' Birla Academy of Arts and Culture, Kolkata. Ndị na-ese ihe: Narayanan Akkitham, Sujata Bajaj, Madhu Mangal Basu, Maya Burman, Sakti Burman, Utpal Chakraborty, Anju Chaudhuri, Rajendra Dhawan, Lakshmi Dutt, Debesh Goswami, Bhawani Katoch, Gadadhar Ojha, Sharmila Roy Pommot, S.H. Raza, Inderjeet Sahdev, Nitin Shroff, Jiwan Singh, Viswan Veluadhan. * Abụọ karịrị akarị, Freies Museum, Berlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Hassan Hajjaj na Zak Ové. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artrabbit.com/events/twice-is-too-much|title=Twice is too much|author=|first=|date=|work=ArtRabbit|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Ịhụnanya siri ike: usoro nkwa,'' Plataforma Revólver, Lisbon. Ndị na-ese ihe: Samira Abbassy, Arahmaiani, Marc Bijl, Cecília Costa, Agathe de Bailliencourt, Nezaket Ekici, Mathias Herrmann, Gregg LeFevre, Zak Ové, K P Reji, Isabel Ribeiro, Jinoos Taghizadeh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artecapital.net/plataforma.php?id=28&t=piso1|title=Tough Love - uma série de promessas|author=|first=|date=|work=Performa Revolver|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * The Archivists" Impatience, The LOFT, Mumbai. Ndị na-ese ihe: Daniel G. Andújar, Pablo Bartholomew, Leila Pazooki, Jean-Gabriel Périot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theloft.in/press_release_17112010.pdf|title=Press release: The Archivists' Impatience|author=Merali|first=Shaheen|date=|work=The LOFT|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * Onye iro ọha na eze nke 1, Ihe ngosi 320, New Delhi. Ndị na-ese ihe: Gordon Cheung, Radhika Khimji, Prasad Raghavan, Iona Rozeal Brown, Mithu Sen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/library/public-enemy-number-1|title=Public Enemy Number 1 catalogue|author=(ed.) Merali|first=Shaheen|date=|work=Asia Art Archive|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> '''2011''' * mgbe ọnwa na-edina, oké osimiri na-ebe ákwá ma na-eme njem ọchịchịrị na-ebibi ihe mebiri emebi, India Art Summit, New Delhi. Ndị na-ese ihe: Madhu Mangal Basu, Koumudi Patil, Raha Rastifard, Sandip Pisalkar, Priti Vadhakkath, Nandan Ghyia. * Ebe ndị Entropic, Shrine Empire, New Delhi. Onye na-ese ihe: Leena Kejriwal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.delhievents.com/2011/01/sites-photo-installation-by-leena.html|title="Entropic Sites" a photo installation by Leena Kejriwal curated by Shaheen Merali at Shrine Empire Gallery|author=|first=|date=|work=Delhi Events|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAYaX9CNeWY|title='Entropic Site' Curatorial Walk with Shaheen Merali and Leena Kejriwal|author=|first=|date=10 February 2011|work=Youtube|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Banyere Iran'', The Guild, Mumbai. Ndị na-ese ihe: Amin Nourani, Barbad Golshiri, Farideh Lashaei, Mitra Tabrizian, Mohammad Hossein Emad, Peyman Hooshmandzadeh, Shirin Neshat . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guildindia.com/SHOWS/regardingIran/Press-Release.htm|title=regarding Iran. the apparent acquiescence of conceptual poetics|author=|first=|date=|work=The Guild India. Art Gallery|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * Ahụrụ m nke a na-adịghị ahụ anya, Azad Gallery, Tehran. Onye na-ese ihe: Leena Kejriwal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leenakejriwal.com/shows.php?id=12|title=I saw that which had remained unseen|author=|first=|date=|work=Leena Kejriwal|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Weltanschauung (Iranian) '', Freies Museum, Berlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Mehraneh Atashi, Navid Azimi Sajadi, Mahmood Bakhshi, Masoumeh Bakhtiary, Majid Fathizadeh, Parastou Farouhar, Farhad Fozouni, Ghazaleh Hedayat, Taha Heydary,Farideh Lashaei, Katayoun Karami, Aria Kasaei, Majid K. Behesti, Azadeh Madani, Amir Mobed, Mehran Mohajer, Masoeh Mozafehita, Homan Nobakht, Sara Roohise, Farh, Mahadhadhadhad, Farh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://4art.com/profiles/blogs/the-iranian-weltanschauung|title=The (Iranian) Weltanschauung - Aesthetics within ideological constrains.|author=|first=|date=16 May 2011|work=4art.com|accessdate=18 September 2019|archivedate=29 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129155639/http://4art.com/profiles/blogs/the-iranian-weltanschauung}}</ref> * Nkọwa nke ibu nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ "Olee otu onye si bụrụ ihe ọ bụ" (Nietzsche), THE LOFT, Mumbai. '''2012''' * ''The International, dị ka akụkụ nke Odyssey, afọ 45 na nchịkọta'', Birla Academy of Art & Culture, Kolkata. Ndị na-ese ihe: Jean Arp, Maurice Golubov, Nicholas Roerich, Louise Bourgeois, Olle Beartling, Adolf Fleischmann, Andre Masson, Amrita Sher-Gil, Augustus Rodin, Gustav Klimt, Pablo Picasso, Hedde Sterne. * ''Mgbe Ime Ihe Ike Na-emebi,'' Freies Museum, Berlin. Ndị na-ese ihe: Sarnath Banerjee, Binu Bhaskar, Rajib Chowdhury, Samit Das, Natasha de Betak, Probir Gupta, [[Rajkamal Kahlon]], Jitish Kallat, Leena Kejriwal, Simit Raveshia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leenakejriwal.com/gallery_browse.php?gid=18|title=When Violence Becomes Decadent|author=|first=|date=|work=Leena Kejriwal|accessdate=18 September 2019|archivedate=15 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115001302/http://www.leenakejriwal.com/gallery_browse.php?gid=18}}</ref> * Indian Parallax, Birla Academy of Art & Culture, Kolkata. Ndị na-ese ihe: Shebba Chhacchi, Remen Chopra, Vibha Galhotra, Probir Gupta, Jitish Kallat, Reena Kallat, Chittrovanu Mazumdar, Manish Nai, Mithu Sen, Hema Uppadhyay.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/The-Indian-Parallax-or-the-Doubling-of-H/022CCA22C2EAFE8D|title=The Indian Parallax or the Doubling of Happiness|author=|first=|date=|work=Mutual Art|accessdate=18 September 2019|archivedate=22 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522004824/https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/The-Indian-Parallax-or-the-Doubling-of-H/022CCA22C2EAFE8D}}</ref> * Refraction: Moving Images on Palestine, P21 Gallery, London. Ndị na-ese ihe: Mohammad Al-Hawajri, Kamal Aljafari, Tayseer Barakat, Mike Hoolboom, Khaled Hourani, Khaled Jarrar, Josh Jones, kennardphillipps, Inzajeano Latif, Manal Mahamid, Laila Shawa, Nasser Soumi, Tarzan na Arab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artrabbit.com/events/refraction-moving-images-on-palestine|title=Refraction: Moving Images on Palestine|author=|first=|date=|work=Art Rabbit|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> '''2013''' * (Mgbe) Ịhụnanya na Last Sight, Nezaket Ekici Solo Exhibition, Pi Artworks, London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/art/nezaket-ekici-after-love-at-last-sight|title=Nezaket Ekici: (After) Love at Last Sight|author=|first=|date=2 December 2013|work=Time Out London|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> * Na-ekwu okwu site n'obi - The Polemic Sensibility from Iran, Castrum Peregrini, Amsterdam, the [[Netherlands]]. Ndị na-ese ihe: Mehraneh Atashi, Navid Azimi Sajadi, Mahmood Bakhshi, Masoumeh Bakhtiary, Majid Fathizadeh, Parastou Forouhar, Farhad Fozouni, Ghazaleh Hedayat, Taha Heydary, Melodi Hosainzadeh, Katayoun Karami, Aria Kasaei, Majid Korang Beheshti, Amir Mobed, Mehran Mohajer, Masoumah Moza, Homan Nobadeh, Sara Rozafat, Samafehei, Rozjahan Mhtamad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://framerframed.nl/en/exposities/speaking-from-the-heart/|title=Exhibition: Speaking from the Heart – The Polemic Sensibility from Iran|author=|first=|date=|work=Framed Framed|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> * ''Mgbe Ime Ihe Ike Na-emebi,'' ACC Gallery Weimar, Germany. Ndị na-ese ihe: Sarnath Banerjee, Binu Bhaskar, Rajib Chowdhury, Samit Das, Natasha de Betak, Probir Gupta, Rajkamal Kahlon, Jitish Kallat, Leena Kejriwal, Simit Raveshia . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artfacts.net/exhibition/when-violence-becomes-decadent/515688|title=When Violence becomes Decadent|author=|first=|date=|work=Artfacts.net|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> '''2014''' * Fragile Hands, edemede curatorial na isiokwu ndị a kpọtụrụ aha. Mahadum nke Applied Arts, Heilingenkreuzer Hof, Refektorium na Sala Terrena, Vienna, [[Austria]]. Ndị na-ese ihe: Mohammed Al-Hawajri, Palestine/Masoumeh Bakhtiary, Iran/Binu Bhaskar, India/ Madhu und Hazra Chitrakar, India/ Rajib Chowdhury, India/ Ramesch Daha, Austria & Iran/ Natasha de Betak, France & India/ Majid Fathizadeh, Iran/ Debesh Goswami, India & Probir Gupta, India/ Ghazaleh Hedayat, Iran/ Ta Ta Her Her Her Herma, India, Man Man Man Man / Jar Jar Jar Jar Man Man Man/ UK<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://museumofnonvisibleart.com/interviews/shaheen-merali/|title=Shaheen Merali|author=Carey|first=Brainard|date=June 8, 2015|work=Museum of Non-visible Art|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Fragile Hands|author=(ed.) Merali|first=Shaheen|publisher=University of Applied Arts Vienna|year=2014|isbn=978-3-9503563-4-2|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alartemag.be/en/en-art/fragile-hands-orchestrated-multivocal-works-of-art-in-astounding-unison/|title=Fragile Hands orchestrated multivocal works of art in astounding unison|author=Britt|first=Aya Johanna Daniëlle Dürst|date=2014-09-24|work=al.arte.magazine|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-24|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905170942/https://www.alartemag.be/en/en-art/fragile-hands-orchestrated-multivocal-works-of-art-in-astounding-unison/}}</ref>[[Usòrò:Fragile_Hands_opening_11_03_2014_017.jpg|thumb|Mkpịsị aka na-adịghị ike 2014]][[Usòrò:FragileHands_Doku_03_2014_29.jpg|thumb|''Aka Ndị Na-adịghị Amamihe'']] * Berlin Heist, ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na-adịgide adịgide na obodo ndị e wusiri ike, 4th Mediation Biennale, Where Somewhere Becomes Here. Ndị na-ese ihe: Anonymous, Kader Attia, Marc Bijl, Nezeket Ekici, Azin Feizabadi+, Thomas Florschuetz, Carla Guagliardi, Johannes Kahrs, Jonathan Meese, Leila Pazooki, Julian Rosefeldt, Esra Rotthoff, Enis Rotthoffs, Iris Schomaker, Lars Teichmann, Ming Wong, Michael Wutz.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biennialfoundation.org/2014/08/the-4th-mediations-biennale-poznan-will-be-curated-by-four-curators-who-will-create-three-regional-platforms/|title=The 4th Mediations Biennale Poznań Will Be Curated By Four Curators Who Will Create Three Regional Platforms.|author=|first=|date=21 August 2014|work=Biennal Foundation|accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> '''2015''' * ''Mee na India,'' mmepụta na ngosi nke onye na-ese ihe Prasad Raghavan na-arụ ọrụ maka Indian Pavilion na Hannover Messe 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://squareradius.in/work/makeinindia|title=Make In India|author=|first=|date=|work=Square Radius|accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> == Ide ihe == === Akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ === '''2001''' * Native: laghachiri na Beyond Frontiers: Contemporary British Art site na ndị na-ese ihe nke South Asia. Amal Ghosh na Juginder Lamba, eds. (London: Saffron Books, Eastern Art Publishing, 2001).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Beyond frontiers : contemporary British art by artists of South Asian descent|date=2001|publisher=Saffron|others=Ghosh, Amal., Lamba, Juginder.|isbn=1872843212|location=London|oclc=49331160}}</ref> * Anthology of art, Jochen Grez project on the web, Gịnị bụ ọhụụ gị nke nka a na-amaghị ama?. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Anthologie de l'art|author=Gerz, Jochen.|date=2008|publisher=Analogues|others=Hohlfeldt, Marion.|isbn=9782915772098|location=Arles (Bouches-du-Rhône)|oclc=458765756}}</ref> * Akwụkwọ akụkọ 151M 10/02, The Netherlands (na Mai Ghoussoub) & Abwab 31. * Panchayat, ''interarchive,'' onye nchịkọta akụkọ Hans Ulrich Obrist, Kunstraum der Universitat Lunenburg, Verlag der buchhandlung Walther Konig, Kaln, 2002, 276-280.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Interarchive : archivarische Praktiken und Handlungsräume im zeitgenössischen Kunstfeld = Archival practices and sites in the contemporary art field|date=2002|publisher=König|others=Bismarck, Beatrice von., Feldmann, Hans-Peter, 1941-, Obrist, Hans Ulrich., Universität Lüneburg. Kunstraum.|isbn=3883755400|location=Köln|oclc=50169100}}</ref> '''2004''' * Ogologo oge - Ọnọdụ nke ndị na-ese ihe n'Iran, nke Shaheen Merali so dezie. Berlin: Ụlọ nke Ọdịbendị Ụwa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Entfernte Nähe : neue Positionen iranischer Künstler = Far near distance : contemporary positions of Iranian artists|date=2004|publisher=Haus der Kulturen der Welt|others=Merali, Shaheen, 1959-, Hager, Martin.|isbn=3980885143|edition=1. Aufl|location=Berlin|oclc=56014303}}</ref> * Ajụjụ ọnụ Isaac Julien, Keith Piper, Lisl Ponger na Tim Sharp (German), The Black Atlantic - Traveling Cultures, Counter-Histories, Networked Identities. Berlin: Ụlọ nke Ọdịbendị Ụwa.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book|title=Über Schönheit About Beauty; [erscheint im Rahmen des Projekts "Über Schönheit" vom 18. März bis 15. Mai 2005 am Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin]|date=2005|publisher=Haus der Kulturen der Welt|others=Barney, Matthew, Paik, Nam June, Neshat, Shirin,, Sherman, Cindy,, Abbas, Ackbar, Merali, Shaheen|isbn=398088516X|edition=1. Aufl|location=Berlin|oclc=253890238}}</ref> * Nkwupụta Curatorial, ''The Black Atlantic - Ọdịbendị Na-agagharị agagharị, Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme, Njirimara Networked''. Berlin: Ụlọ nke Ọdịbendị Ụwa.[2]<ref name="auto2" /> '''2005''' * A na-akpọ ya Rose n'aha ọ bụla ọzọ, About Beauty, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. Berlin: House of World Cultures, 2005, 36 - 37.<ref name="auto2"/> * Na-eguzogide n'ihi na anyị enweghị ihe ọ bụla, Philip Cheah na mkparịta ụka ya na Shaheen Merali, Spaces and Shadows - Contemporary Art from Southeast Asia, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. Berlin: House of World Cultures, 2005, 36 - 37.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|title=Räume und Schatten : zeitgenössische Kunst aus Südostasien = Spaces and shadows : contemporary art from Southeast Asia|date=2005|publisher=Vice Versa|others=Merali, Shaheen, 1959-, Haus der Kulturen der Welt.|isbn=3980885178|edition=1. Aufl|location=Berlin|oclc=70677268}}</ref> * Tian Fun bụ ngwá agha ọhụrụ, Gridthiya Gaweewong na mkparịta ụka ya na Shaheen Merali na Annette Bhagwati, Spaces and Shadows - Contemporary Art from Southeast Asia, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. Berlin: House of World Cultures, 2005, 34 - 35.<ref name="auto1" /> * Nkwupụta nke nguzogide dị n'ọrụ, ọ bụghị n'okwu, Ong Keng Sen na mkparịta ụka ya na Shaheen Merali na Annette Bhagwati, Spaces and Shadows - Contemporary Art from Southeast Asia, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. Berlin: House of World Cultures, 2005, 32 - 33.<ref name="auto1" /> * Nchịkwa Impression - Nkọwa njem na Singapore, Indonesia na Thailand, oghere na onyinyo - Ihe osise nke oge a sitere na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. Berlin: House of World Cultures, 2005, 28 - 31.<ref name="auto1" /> '''2007''' * Na-eme ihe nkiri nke ụwa na maka ụwa (Jem Cohen na mkparịta ụka ya na Shaheen Merali), New York States Of Mind - Art And The city, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. London: Saqi Books, 2008, 198 - 206.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|title=New York : states of mind : art in the city|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780863566813|date=2008|publisher=Saqi|others=Merali, Shaheen, 1959-, Haus der Kulturen der Welt., Queens Museum of Art.|isbn=9780863566813|location=London|oclc=173719223}}</ref> * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] nke Shaheen Merali dere. London: Saqi Books, 2008, 16 - 28.[1]<ref name="auto" /> '''2008''' * __ibo__ A na-ekwu na ọ bụghị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ, Re-Imagining Asia - A Thousand Years Of Separation, ed. nke Shaheen Merali dere. London: Saqi Books, 2008, 20 - 47.<ref name=":11"/> * Echiche anya na ime ka ndị na-ese ihe dị mfe, Global Circuits: The geography of art and the new configurations of critical thought, Barcelona: ACCA - Associacio Catalana de Critics d'Art, 2010, 46 - 49.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=|first=|date=2010|title=IRELAND.|journal=The Lancet|volume=189|issue=4872|pages=76|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)46749-3|issn=0140-6736}}</ref> * Akwụkwọ bụ́ Voices of Change: 20 Indian Artists, ed. site na Gayatri Sinha. Mumbai: Marg Foundation, 2010, 266 - 281.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book|title=Voices of change : 20 Indian artists|others=Sinha, Gayatri,, Marg Foundation (Mumbai, India)|isbn=9789380581064|location=Mumbai|oclc=676725336|year=2010}}</ref> * N'etiti amaokwu Setan na Axis of Evil, Voices of Change: 20 Indian Artists, ed. site na Gayatri Sinha. Mumbai: Marg Foundation, 2010, 198 - 211.[2]<ref name="auto3" /> '''2011''' * Spaces of Freedom, na Index on Censorship, The Art Issue, Mpịakọta 40 Nke 3, 118-125.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Merali|first=Shaheen|date=4 October 2011|title=Spaces of Freedom|journal=Index on Censorship|language=en-US|volume=40|issue=3|pages=119–125|doi=10.1177/0306422011418232|issn=0306-4220}}</ref> * Na-akọwa asụsụ obodo, na Public Notice 3: Jitish Kallat na Art Institute of Chicago, ed. site na Madhuvanti Ghose. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago na Yale University Press, 2011, 39 - 45.  <ref>{{Cite book|title=Public notice 3|author=Kallat, Jitish, 1974-|date=2011|publisher=Art Institute of Chicago|others=Ghose, Madhuvanti., Merali, Shaheen, 1959-, Art Institute of Chicago.|isbn=9780300171587|location=Chicago|oclc=670481324}}</ref> * N'ime The Unknown as you know it, ed. site na Marek Wasilewski. Poznan: Mahadum nke nka Poznan, 60-69. '''2013''' * The Untold (the Rise of) Schisms, InFLUX, Contemporary Art in Asia. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Site na Parul Dave Mukherji, Naman P.Ahuja & Kavita Singh. Sage Publications India, 183-196.<ref>{{Cite book|title=InFlux : contemporary art in Asia|others=Dave Mukherji, Parul,, Ahuja, Naman P.,, Singh, Kavita|isbn=9788132117803|location=Los Angeles|oclc=870994660|date=2013-11-22}}</ref> * Spectre (nke Ihe Ọmụma): Nchịkọta asụsụ, Art nke Oge A si n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa, Ed. Site na Hamid Keshmirshekan, IB Tauris, 89-97.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Contemporary Iranian art : new perspectives|author=Keshmirshekan, Hamid|isbn=9780863567216|location=London|oclc=856191974|year=2013}}</ref> * Spectre (nke Ihe Ọmụma): Nchịkọta Cosmopolitan, Dissonant Archives, Contemporary Visual Culture and Contested Narratives in the Middle East, Edited by Anthony Downey, I.B.Tauris, 432-444.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dissonant archives: contemporary visual culture and contested narratives in the Middle East|author=Downey|first=Anthony|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=9781784534110|language=English|oclc=914245211}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibraaz.org/essays/79?fbclid=IwAR3zDBxGy0XyPnekEBADMlqF8xGSK-8Qt_SdfXe03g9wilU5LBFqJIwbyZg|title=The Spectre (of Knowledge)|work=Ibraaz|accessdate=2019-09-24|archivedate=2023-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522004826/https://www.ibraaz.org/essays/79?fbclid=IwAR3zDBxGy0XyPnekEBADMlqF8xGSK-8Qt_SdfXe03g9wilU5LBFqJIwbyZg}}</ref> '''2016''' * Ịhụnanya n'anya ikpeazụ....Nezaket Ekiciʹ ''The Live Art Almanac Mpịakọta 4.'' Nke Harriet Curtis, Lois Keidan na Aaron Wright dezigharịrị, Oberon Books London, 76-82. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTI2DwAAQBAJ&q=%C2%AB(After)+Love+at+Last+Sight%E2%80%A6.Nezaket+Ekici%C2%BB+The+Live+Art+Almanac+Volume+4.+Edited+by+Harriet+Curtis|title=The Live Art Almanac|author=Keidan|first=Lois|date=2016-06-09|publisher=Oberon Books|isbn=9781783193233|language=en}}</ref> * Nkọwa: Site na Nemesis ha, nrubeisi (Dis) na COMPASSION A Paradox nke ọdịiche na nka Eshia nke oge a nke Bashir Makhoul na Alnoor Mitha dezigharịrị, HOME Manchester, 143-160.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Conflict and compassion : a paradox of difference in contemporary Asian art|author=Mitha, Alnoor, editor. Makhoul, Bashir, editor.|isbn=9780992952471|oclc=957261397|date=June 2016|publisher=Cornerhouse - Ipsuk}}</ref> === Ndepụta === * ''Carte Blanche / akwụkwọ ọcha.'' Lethaby Press & Panchayat. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-enye aka. '''2008''' * ''Eric Soeutre'', France * ''Teknụzụ: Nchọpụta ma ọ bụ Ịghọ aghụghọ. Okwu ikpeazụ. Ọnọdụ siri ike.'' Akwụkwọ Panchayat. ACE kwadoro ego. Oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1998. * Displaces, ihe ngosi nke Mai Ghoussoub na Souheil Sieiman. Saqi Books, London. * ''India Crossing,'' Studio La Città, Verona. Essay: India Crossing...The Discursive as an image.''India Crossing...The Discursive dị ka onyinyo.'' * India Contemporary, Gem Museum voor Actuele Kunst, Den Haag.Asụsụ 1: Exposed Tendencies. Essay 2: Guilt Guilded in Gold.''Obi amamikpe Guilded na ọlaedo.'' * ''Ịbụ, Mmụọ ma ọ bụ Mmụọ,'' Gallery OED, Cochin, Kerala. Essay: Being, Spirit or Ghost.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saffronart.com/sitepages/articledetails.aspx?articleid=973|title=Saffronart-N.N. Rimzon's 'Being, Spirit or Ghost'|work=www.saffronart.com|accessdate=2019-09-19|archivedate=2023-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522004825/https://www.saffronart.com/sitepages/articledetails.aspx?articleid=973}}</ref> * Anomalies, From Nature to Future, Rossi&Rossi, London. Essay: Diasporic Sciences, 9-16.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anomalies : from nature to the future|author=Abichandani, Jaishri.|date=2009|publisher=Rossi & Rossi Ltd|isbn=9781906576103|oclc=438246753}}</ref> * ''Sara Rahbar,'' Carbon 12, Dubai. edemede: ''N'ofe echiche, n'ofe kọntinent.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/iranian-artist-sara-rahbar-featured-at-dubai-s-carbon-12-gallery-1.462384|title=Iranian artist Sara Rahbar featured at Dubai's Carbon 12 gallery|work=The National|date=17 April 2012|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * Blood and Spit - ''Ọrụ Ọhụrụ site na TV Santosh,'' Jack Shainman Gallery, NY. edemede: The Chimera War.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jackshainman.com/exhibition37-image=115.html|title=T.V. SANTHOSH / BLOOD AND SPIT :: JACK SHAINMAN GALLERY|work=www.jackshainman.com|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * ''Navid Azimi Sajadi,'' Olcay Art Gallery, Caddebostan, Istanbul. Ndepụta edemede. * [[Usòrò:The_Indian_Parallax.jpg|thumb|''Parallax nke India'' 2012]][[Usòrò:The_Indian_Parallax_3rd_floor.jpg|thumb|Parallax nke India 2012]]Indian Parallax, Birla Academy of Art & Culture, Kolkata. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na edemede: The Indian Parallax or the Doubling of Happiness: na-arụ ọrụ na akụkụ abụọ na ihe ọkpụkpụ gaa na onyinyo nke atọ - eziokwu na-enweghị atụ.<ref name=":4"/> * Refraction: Moving Images on Palestine, P21 Gallery, London. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na edemede abụọ: Imaging Palestine: Ịgagharị na-emegide ịnọ jụụ na Refractions- ìhè n'anya ha.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Refraction : moving images on Palestine|author=Merali, Shaheen, editor.|oclc=1062347581}}</ref> '''2014''' * Fragile Hands, A curatorial essay on said subjectivities, University of Applied Arts, Vienna. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ na edemede dị mkpa: Fragile Hands, edemede curatorial na isiokwu ndị a kpọtụrụ aha.<ref name=":5"/> * Berlin Heist, mmasị na-adịgide adịgide na obodo ndị nwere mgbidi, Mediations Biennale, Posnan, Poland. Akwụkwọ edemede abụọ: Berlin Heist, mmasị na-adịgide adịgide na obodo ndị nwere mgbidi (Nkebi 1&2). <ref name=":6"/> '''2015''' * Afọ Mgbe Zero gasịrị, Tea Makipaa Monograph. '''2016''' * Draw Me Nearer, Paperworks, WM Gallery, Amsterdam. * Fair Trade, Leila Pazooki, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien na njem nleta na Tokyo / Osaka. * ''Ọdịdị ala na ndekọ Europe'', Monica de Miranda na Novo Banco Photo, Museu Berado, Lisbon. '''2017''' * ''Michael Wutz 12 Baume,'' Forum Kunst Rottweil, Germany. * ''Tavares Strachan'', Isolated Labs, NY na Desert X. '''2018''' * JJ XI, Carrots Publishing, Beijing. === edemede na nyocha === '''''Kilts, Lungi na Dishdash. Ndị ikom na-eyi uwe elu?''''' Abwab, Int. Kwa nkeji iri na ise nke ndị Arab. Nke 15. Ọrụ / Ihe osise: Achillies Heels, London. Nke 21 na nke 22. (Spring & Summer / Summer & Autumn 97). * ''Texaco,'' Third Text (Mgbasa 40, Autumn 97, nke Patrick Chamoiseau dezigharịrị). (1997)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Merali|first=Shaheen|date=1997-09-01|title=Texaco by Patrick Chamoiseau|journal=Third Text|volume=11|issue=40|pages=109–110|doi=10.1080/09528829708576693|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> * ''N'okpuru Eluigwe Dị iche iche,'' Ihe odide nke Atọ (Mgbasa 37). (1997)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Merali|first=Shaheen|date=1996-12-01|title=Under different skies|journal=Third Text|volume=10|issue=37|pages=109–111|doi=10.1080/09528829608576651|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> * Displaces, Third Text (Mbupụta 39). (1997)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Merali|first=Shaheen|date=1997-06-01|title=Displaces|journal=Third Text|volume=11|issue=39|pages=103–105|doi=10.1080/09528829708576677|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> * Ndị ọbịa na-amaghị nke ọma, Ihe odide nke Atọ (Mgbasa nke 41, nke Caryl Phillips dezigharịrị). (1998)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Philippi|first=Desa|date=1998-06-01|title=Book reviews|journal=Third Text|volume=12|issue=43|pages=105–111|doi=10.1080/09528829808576744|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> * ''Kay Hassan,'' Ihe odide nke Atọ (Mbupụta 55, Summer 01). (2001) * Rashid Rana Interview, Indian Contemporary Art Journal. (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=(ed.) Rajendra N Patil|date=2012|title=Interviews|url=https://indianartjournal.com/|journal=Indian Contemporary Art Journal|volume=3|issue=II|pages=42;45}}</ref> * The struggle for the Sublime, Art Tomorrow (mbipụta 2-6). (2012) * ''Ndị Chitrakars; ndị omenkà na-eme ka ọnọdụ obodo dịkwuo elu.'' Ọhụụ na-adịghị mma. (2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210614204300/https://rawvision.com/articles/story-scrolls-bengal Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Akụkọ nke Bengal] Raw Vision Magazine !!! * ''Banyere iri afọ ndị dị oke egwu na ọrụ nke ebe nchekwa ihe ochie.'' Shwetal Patel na mkparịta ụka ya na Shaheen Merali. (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.on-curating.org/issue-35-reader/panchayat-and-more.html#.XYN3DpNKiu5|title=On the critical decades and the role of archives - ONCURATING|work=www.on-curating.org|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * nyocha mkpokọta dị oke egwu == Ọrụ nka == === Ihe ngosi onwe onye === * Channels, Echoes & Empty Chairs, Angel Row Gallery, Nottingham na South London Gallery, London. Nke Angel Row Gallery nyere iwu. (1993)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=71675&sos=0|title=Angel Row Gallery, Nottingham & South London Gallery, Channels, Echoes and Empty Chairs - AAVAA - VADS: the online resource for visual arts|work=vads.ac.uk|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southlondongallery.org/exhibitions/shaheen-merali-channels-echoes-and-empty-chairs-2891994-30101994/|title=Shaheen Merali: Channels Echoes and Empty Chairs|work=South London Gallery|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * Torchlights, Brick Lane Police Station, East London. Ọ bụ Whitechapel Art Gallery nyere ya iwu. (1994) * Paradigms lost, Travelling Gallery, gara North na East Scotland dị ka akụkụ nke ''fotofeis 95''. Ọ bụ Scottish Arts Council nyere ya iwu. (1999)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philipchambon.com/visualart.html|title=Music for Visual Art Collaborations by composer Philip Chambon|work=www.philipchambon.com|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * Dark Matters, Kunsthalle Exnergasse, Vienna, Austria. (2000)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.springerin.at/2000/1/lacrimosa/|title=Lacrimosa - springerin {{!}} Hefte für Gegenwartskunst|work=www.springerin.at|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * Dark Matters II, Art Exchange, Nottingham. (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://art.lshtm.ac.uk/hygiene/merali.html|title=shaheen merali|work=art.lshtm.ac.uk|accessdate=2019-09-19|archivedate=2017-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516220558/http://art.lshtm.ac.uk/hygiene/merali.html}}</ref> * U na-efegharị m, Window Gallery, Central Saint Martins, London. (2001) === Ihe ngosi ìgwè === * Box Project, The Museum of Installation, London, Turnpike Gallery, Leigh na Angel Row Gallery, Nottingham. (CD Rom Catalogue). (1999) * Alien/Nation, Sixpack Films, Vienna, Austria. (1999)<ref>{{Cite book|title=The sublimity of document : cinema as diorama : (avant-doc 2)|author=MacDonald, Scott, 1942-|isbn=9780190052140|location=New York, NY|oclc=1084619566|date=July 2019}}</ref> * Translocation, Photographers Gallery, London na Institute for Research on the African Diaspora and Caribbean, City College of New York. (1999) * Transforming the Crown, Bronx Museum of Art, New York, USA. (1999)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ratnam|first=Niru|date=1997|title=Transforming the Crown|journal=Third Text|language=en|volume=11|issue=41|pages=85–89|doi=10.1080/09528829708576704|issn=0952-8822}}</ref> * ''Site na India,'' Queens Museum, Flushing Meadows, New York, USA. (1999) * ''Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwoke,'' James Hockey Gallery, Surrey Institute of Education, Farnham, Surrey. (1999) * Zero ''Zero Zero,'' Whitechapel Art Gallery, London. (1999)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.whitechapelgallery.org/?page=search&keyList=Exhibitions&keyItem=000zerozerozero|title=Whitechapel Art Gallery - Archive search|work=archive.whitechapelgallery.org|accessdate=2019-09-19|archivedate=2023-05-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522011829/http://archive.whitechapelgallery.org/?page=search&keyList=Exhibitions&keyItem=000zerozerozero}}</ref> * The Crown Jewels, Kampnagel, Hamburg na NGBK, Berlin. (1999)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Chila Kumari Burman : Shakti, Sexuality and Bindi girls.|author=Arya, Rina.|date=2012|publisher=KT Press|isbn=978-1306106344|oclc=863042814}}</ref> * Empire na m, Pitshanger Museum na Gallery, London na AXIOM center, Cheltenham. (1999)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alanajelinek.com/ti3orguk/eI.htm|title=empire and I|work=www.alanajelinek.com|accessdate=2019-09-19|archivedate=2021-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022151624/http://alanajelinek.com/ti3orguk/eI.htm}}</ref> * Machos na Muecas, La Casa Elizaide, Barcelona. (1999) * ''Ubudoda,'' Metropolitan Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa. (2000) * ''Chanting Heads CD Rom.'' Ọ bụ David a Bailey & Sonia Boyce, AAVAA haziri ya. (2001) * ''Ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara'' (ihe ngosi), Toynbee Hall, London. Njikọ ya na Oreet Ashery. (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reactfeminism.org/nr1/artists/ashery_en.html|title=re.act.feminism|work=www.reactfeminism.org|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * The Globe, Centre Beirut, Lebanon. Ọ bụ Dave Beech haziri ya. (2001) * ''Gịnị ka njọ?,''? , Ụlọ Ahịa, London. (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecentreofattention.org/exhibitions/loreetshaheen_pic.html|title=Shaheen Merali and Oreet Ashery|author=|first=|date=|work=The Centre of Attention|accessdate=19 September 2019|archivedate=7 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807173619/http://www.thecentreofattention.org/exhibitions/loreetshaheen_pic.html}}</ref> * Dressing, Readdressing, mmekorita ya na Mai Ghoussoub. AI-Saqi Books, London. (2001) * ''Onye ọbịa,'' Hastings Gallery na Museum. Ọ bụ Mario Rossi haziri ya. (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mariorossi.co.uk/curated-host.html|title=Host|author=Rossi|first=Mario|date=|work=www.mariorossi.co.uk|accessdate=2019-09-19|archivedate=2017-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109170103/http://mariorossi.co.uk/curated-host.html}}</ref> * Nwoke, Nwaanyị, Machine, Centre of Attention, London. (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://1995-2015.undo.net/it/mostra/6089|title=A Man, A Woman, A Machine The Centre of Attention London|work=1995-2015.undo.net|language=it|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * Site & Sight, Asian Civilisation Museum, Singapore. (2002) * Hygiene, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Ọ bụ Pam Skelton na Tony Fletcher haziri ya. (2002)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Coxall|first=Helen|date=April 2003|title=Hygiene: The Art of Public Health|journal=Journal of Visual Culture|language=en-US|volume=2|issue=1|pages=33–50|doi=10.1177/147041290300200102|issn=1470-4129}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi vidio === * M wepụrụ olu m na nrọ m (45 nkeji). South London Gallery, London. (1993) * M wepụrụ olu m na nrọ m (45 nkeji). Galerie 101, Ottawa, Canada. (1994) * Pandemonium, ICA, London; Rotterdam 97-26 Film festival, Holland; Desh Pradesh, Toronto, Canada; Whitechapel Open, Curtain Rd Gallery, London; KIZ- Kino, Granz, Austria; Scratch Projection, Paris, France; Tokyo 97-Image Forum, Festival, Tokyo, Japan; Pesaro 97-Film Festival, Roma, Italy; Hamburg 97-13. International Kurzfilm-Festival & No., Hamburg, Germany; Jerusalem 97-Film Festival, Jerusalem, Israel; São Paulo 97-Short Film Festival, São Paulo, Brazil; Austin 97. Cinematexas- Int. ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi + vidiyo + ọhụrụ, Austin, USA.(1997)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=71741&sos=0|title=Shaheen Merali, Paradigms Lost 1&2 - AAVAA - VADS: the online resource for visual arts|work=vads.ac.uk|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> * ''Ihe nkiri na-agbawa agbawa,'' Kenington, London. (1998) * Obodo ndị na-esote ọchịchị, nke inIVA na-elekọta. Lux Cinema, London. (1999) * Ndị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (18 nkeji) Ndị na-agba agba vidiyo na foto. National Review of Live Arts. (2002) * ''Echiche Ndị furu efu Pt. 1'' (5 nkeji 10 Ọkọchị). (2002) * 2016 (dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri) na-eleghachi anya na mmalite (11 Episodes) (11 nkeji nke ọ bụla) Edere ma duzie ya site na Oreet Ashery, Stanley Picker Gallery na Online. (2002)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanleypickergallery.org/homepage/|title=Stanley Picker Gallery|author=Art|first=Kingston University London Kingston School of|date=4 July 2016|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Merali, Shaheen}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dw9ovibiattpl9bg49teyzo4nh1nb6z Pharming (genetics) 0 50698 743473 738191 2026-11-05T15:39:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743473 wikitext text/x-wiki Pharming, portmanteau nke ugbo na ọgwụ, na-ezo aka iji usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa tinye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ede maka ọgwụ bara uru n'ime anụmanụ ma ọ bụ osisi ndị na-agaghị egosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ahụ, si otú a na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ (GMO).[1] [2] A na-akpọkwa ọgwụ ọgwụ dị ka ọrụ ugbo molecular, ọgwụ molecular,[3] ma ọ bụ biopharming. Ngwaahịa nke pharing bụ protein recombinant ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa metabolic ha. A na-ejikarị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ yist na-emepụta protein ndị na-emepụta ihe na bioreactor, ma pharma na-enye ndị na-emepụta ihe uru na ọ dịghị achọ akụrụngwa dị oke ọnụ, na ikike mmepụta nwere ike ịgbatị ngwa ngwa iji gboo mkpa, na-ebelata oke cos.<ref name="Kaiser">{{Cite journal|author=Kaiser, Jocelyn|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=25 April 2008|url=http://people.forestry.oregonstate.edu/steve-strauss/sites/people.forestry.oregonstate.edu.steve-strauss/files/Is%20drought%20over%20for%20pharming%20Science%202007.pdf|title=Is the Drought Over for Pharming?|pmid=18436771|doi=10.1126/science.320.5875.473|volume=320|issue=5875|pages=473&ndash;5|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=10 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030418/http://people.forestry.oregonstate.edu/steve-strauss/sites/people.forestry.oregonstate.edu.steve-strauss/files/Is%20drought%20over%20for%20pharming%20Science%202007.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Protein nke sitere n'osisi nwetaghachi nke mbụ (PDP) bụ serum albumin mmadụ, nke ewepụtara na 1990 na ụtaba transgenic na osisi nduku.[6] Ọnwụnwa na-eto eto n'ọhịa nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị a malitere na United States na 1992 ma na-eme kwa afọ kemgbe. Ọ bụ ezie na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States akwadola ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ na steeti ọ bụla, ọtụtụ nnwale emeela na [[Hawaii]], Nebraska, Iowa, na Wisconsin. Na mbido afọ 2000, ụlọ ọrụ pharming siri ike. E guzobere ihe akaebe nke echiche maka mmepụta nke ọtụtụ protein ọgwụgwọ, gụnyere ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ngwaahịa ọbara, cytokines, Ihe ndị na-eto eto, [[Hormone|homonụ]], enzymes recombinant na ọgwụ mgbochi mmadụ na anụmanụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2003, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa PDP maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa mmadụ nọ na mmepe site n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ biotech 200, gụnyere recombinant gastric lipase maka ọgwụgwọ nke cystic fibrosis, na antibodies maka mgbochi ezé ezé na ọgwụgwọ nke non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. <ref name="christou">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/nrg1177|title=Genetic modification: The production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants|year=2003|author=Ma|first=Julian K-C.|journal=Nature Reviews Genetics|volume=4|issue=10|pages=794–805|pmid=14526375}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, na ngwụcha afọ 2002, dịka ProdiGene na-eme ka mmepụta nke trypsin dịkwuo elu maka ịmalite azụmahịa a chọpụtara na a na-ewepụta osisi ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo (nke hapụrụ site na owuwe ihe ubi gara aga) nke otu n'ime ngwaahịa ọka GM ha na ihe ọkụkụ soybean a kụrụ n'ọhịa ahụ. <ref name="News of contamination">[http://ngin.tripod.com/151102a.htm News of contamination]</ref>   [isi iyi a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya?] A kwụrụ ProdiGene $ 250,000 ma nye iwu ka ọ kwụọ ihe karịrị $ 3 nde na mmefu nhicha. Nke a kpasuru iwe ma mee ka oghere pharming laghachi azụ, n'ụzọ dị egwu.<ref name="Kaiser"/> Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dara ogbenye ka ụlọ ọrụ na-eche nsogbu inweta ikikere maka ule ule na ndị na-etinye ego gbapụrụ.<ref name="Kaiser" /> Na mmeghachi omume, APHIS webatara iwu siri ike maka nnwale pharming na US na 2003. N'afọ 2005, Anheuser-Busch yiri egwu ịkwụsị osikapa a na-akụ na [[Mizurị|Missouri]] n'ihi atụmatụ Ventria Bioscience na-akụ osikapa na steeti ahụ. E ruru nkwekọrịta, mana Ventria wepụrụ ikike ya ịkụ osisi na Missouri n'ihi ọnọdụ ndị na-enweghị njikọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee, site n'ilekwasị anya na pharming na osisi ndị dị mfe na-etolite na bioreactors na ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ GM na greenhouses.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1196/annals.1408.009|title=Bioproduction of Therapeutic Proteins in the 21st Century and the Role of Plants and Plant Cells as Production Platforms|year=2007|author=Boehm|first=Robert|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=1102|issue=1|pages=121–34|pmid=17470916}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na ìgwè agụmakwụkwọ anọgidewo na-anwale ihe ọkụkụ GM na-emepụta ọgwụ ọjọọ. N'afọ 2006, Dow AgroSciences natara nkwado USDA iji zụọ ọgwụ mgbochi maka ọkụkọ megide Ọrịa Newcastle, nke e mepụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ osisi - ọgwụ mgbochi mbụ e mepụtara site na osisi kwadoro na US.<ref>[http://www.pharmexec.com/pharmexec/The-First-Plant-Derived-Vaccine-Approved-for-Chick/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/307471 FDA Approval News]</ref><ref name="nature">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400470|title=Molecular farming for new drugs and vaccines|year=2005|author=Ma|first=Julian K -C.|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=6|issue=7|pages=593–9|pmid=15995674}}</ref> == N'ime anụ na-enye nwa ara == === Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme === Mmiri ara ehi bụ usoro kachasị tozuru oke iji mepụta protein ndị na-emegharị ahụ site na ntule transgenic. Ọbara, akwa ọcha, plasma seminal, na mmamịrị bụ usoro ndị ọzọ nwere ike ime, mana ha niile nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ. Ọbara, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka nke afọ 2012 enweghị ike ịchekwa ọkwa dị elu nke protein recombinant kwụsiri ike, na protein ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọbara nwere ike ịgbanwe ahụike ụmụ anụmanụ.[16] Nkwupụta n'ime mmiri ara ehi nke anụ ụlọ, dị ka ehi, atụrụ, ma ọ bụ ewu, bụ ngwa a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ebe ọ bụ na mmepụta mmiri ara ehi na-aba ụba na ime ka mmiri ara ehi dị ọcha dị mfe. A na-ejikwa hamsters na rabbits mee ihe ọmụmụ mbido n'ihi na ha na-amụ ngwa ngwa. Otu ụzọ na nkà na ụzụ a bụ ịmepụta anụ anụ transgenic nke nwere ike ịmepụta biopharmaceutical na mmiri ara ehi ya (ma ọ bụ ọbara ma ọ bụ mmamịrị). Ozugbo e mepụtara anụmanụ, na-ejikarị usoro microinjection pronuclear, ọ na-adị irè iji teknụzụ cloning iji mepụta ụmụ ọzọ nke na-ebu genome emezigharịrị dị mma.[17] Na February 2009 US FDA nyere nkwado ahịa maka ọgwụ mbụ a ga-emepụta n'ime anụ ụlọ ndị gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.[18] A na-akpọ ọgwụ a ATryn, nke bụ protein antithrombin dị ọcha site na mmiri ara ehi nke ewu megharịrị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na Europe nyere ikike ịzụ ahịa na August 2006. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5041298.stm|title=Go-ahead for 'pharmed' goat drug|accessdate=2006-10-25|work=BBC News|date=June 2, 2006}}</ref> === Nsogbu nke ikike ikike === Dị ka e gosiri n'elu, ụfọdụ anụ mamma ndị a na-ejikarị emepụta nri (dị ka ewu, atụrụ, ezì na ehi) ka agbanweela iji mepụta ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị nri, omume a na-akpọ pharming mgbe ụfọdụ. FDA na EMA akwadola iji ewu emezigharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji mepụta ATryn, ya bụ recombinant antithrombin, ọgwụ protin na-egbochi ọbara ọgbụgba.[20] Ngwaahịa ndị a "mepụtara site n'ịtụgharị anụmanụ ka ọ bụrụ' igwe na-emepụta ọgwụ site n'ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa" na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ biopharmaceuticals. Ikike ikike nke biopharmaceuticals dị otú ahụ na usoro nrụpụta ha ejighị n'aka. Eleghị anya, biopharmaceuticals n'onwe ha mere bụ enweghị ikike, na-eche na ha yiri ọgwụ ndị dịbu adị nke ha na-eṅomi. Ọtụtụ mkpebi nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na narị afọ nke 19 na-ekwu na a pụghị ịdepụta ngwaahịa sitere n'okike arụpụtara na mbụ.[21] Enwere ike ịme arụmụka maka patentability nke usoro maka ịmepụta biopharmaceutical, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na imegharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ụmụ anụmanụ ka ha wee mepụta ọgwụ ahụ dị iche na usoro mmepụta mbụ; Ọzọkwa, otu mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu yiri ka ọ na-emeghe ohere ahụ.<ref>The ''American Wood-Paper'' case invalidated the product patent but left open the patentability of the process, saying "whatever may be said of their process for obtaining it...." 90 U.S. at 596.</ref> N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-atụ aro na mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Mayo v. Prometheus[23] nwere ike ịmepụta nsogbu na, dị ka mkpebi ikpe ahụ siri dị, "enwere ike ikwu na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị dị otú ahụ na-emepụta. protein a n'otu ụzọ ahụ ha na-eme mgbe nile na anụ mam, ha na-emepụta otu ngwaahịa, na nkà na ụzụ mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eji bụ omenala, nke mere na nzọụkwụ nke usoro 'na-atụkwasịghị ihe ọ bụla n'iwu nke okike nke na-adịghị ugbu a. 24] Ọ bụrụ na arụmụka ahụ meriri n'ụlọ ikpe, usoro ahụ agaghịkwa eru maka nchebe patent ekpebibeghị okwu a n'ụlọ ikpe. == N'ime osisi == Ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ (PMPs), nke a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka ọgwụ, bụ ngalaba nke ụlọ ọrụ biotechnology nke gụnyere usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka ha wee nwee ike imepụta ụfọdụ ụdị protein dị mkpa na-agwọ ọrịa na ụmụ irighiri ihe jikọrọ ya dị ka peptides na nke abụọ. metabolites. Enwere ike iweta protein na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ wee mepụta ọgwụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1002/wnan.1462|title=Antibodies from plants for bionanomaterials|year=2017|author=Edgue|first=Gueven|journal=WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology|volume=9|issue=6|pmid=28345261}}</ref> A na-ejikarị Arabidopsis eme ihe dị ka ihe nlereanya iji mụọ ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na osisi, ebe enwere ike imepụta ya na ọka, [[Oskàpà|osikapa]], poteto, ụtaba, flax ma ọ bụ safflower.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ramessar|first=Koreen|date=2008-02-23|title=Molecular pharming in cereal crops|journal=Phytochemistry Reviews|language=en|volume=7|issue=3|pages=579–592|doi=10.1007/s11101-008-9087-3|issn=1568-7767}}</ref> Ọtaba abụwo nhọrọ a ma ama nke ihe dị ndụ maka ngosipụta nke transgenes, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-emepụta ọtụtụ anụ ahụ, ma na-adị ndụ nke ọma ''in vitro'' na greenhouses.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jube|first=Sandro|date=2007-07-15|title=Expression of bacterial genes in transgenic tobacco: methods, applications and future prospects|journal=Electronic Journal of Biotechnology|volume=10|issue=3|pages=452–467|doi=10.2225/vol10-issue3-fulltext-4|issn=0717-3458|pmid=19750137}}</ref> Uru nke osikapa na flax bụ na ha na-eme ka ha na-amị mkpụrụ, ya mere, a na-ezere nsogbu nke Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (lee n'okpuru). Otú ọ dị, njehie mmadụ ka nwere ike ịkpata ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere agbanwe na-abanye n'ihe oriri. Iji obere ihe ọkụkụ dị ka safflower ma ọ bụ ụtaba na-ezere nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ukwuu na ihe ize ndụ maka nri na-emetụta iji ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị ka agwa ma ọ bụ osikapa. Ngosipụta nke protein na mkpụrụ ndụ osisi ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị mgbọrọgwụ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, mana na ọnụahịa dị elu nke mmepụta. A pụkwara iji ngwakọta na-adịghị ọcha mee ihe maka bioconfinement nke osisi transgenic, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ike ịmepụta usoro kwụsiri ike.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rice|first=J|date=2013|title=Assessing the bioconfinement potential of a Nicotiana hybrid platform for use in plant molecular farming applications|journal=BMC Biotechnology|language=En|volume=13|issue=1|pages=63|doi=10.1186/1472-6750-13-63|issn=1472-6750|pmid=23914736}}</ref> A na-ahọrọ ihe ọkụkụ ọka mgbe ụfọdụ maka pharming n'ihi na ngwaahịa protein ndị a na-elekwasị anya na endosperm nke ọka egosila na ha nwere oke okpomọkụ. Njirimara a na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka mmepụta nke Ọgwụ mgbochi a na-eri eri, dịka protein mkpuchi nje a na-echekwa na ọka anaghị achọ nchekwa oyi dị ka ọtụtụ ọgwụ mgbochi na-eme ugbu a. Idebe usoro ọgwụ mgbochi na-achịkwa okpomọkụ na-esikarị ike mgbe ị na-ebute ọgwụ mgbochi gaa mba ndị na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chan|first=Hui-Ting|date=2016-06-01|title=Cold chain and virus-free chloroplast-made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes|journal=Plant Biotechnology Journal|language=en|volume=14|issue=11|pages=2190–2200|doi=10.1111/pbi.12575|issn=1467-7644|pmid=27155248}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eme mgbanwe osisi site na iji Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A na-egosipụtakarị protein nke mmasị n'okpuru njikwa nke kọlịflawa mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S), onye na-akwado ike na-akwalite okwu ịkwọ ụgbọala na osisi.[30] Enwere ike itinye akara ngosi mpaghara na protein nke mmasị iji mee ka mkpokọta na-eme n'otu mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara, dị ka chloroplasts ma ọ bụ vacuoles. A na-eme nke a iji meziwanye mkpụrụ, mee ka ọ dị mfe ime ka ọ dị ọcha, ma ọ bụ ka protein ahụ na-apịaji nke ọma.[31][32] N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, egosipụtara na ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa antisense n'ime kaseti okwu nwere ike imeziwanye usoro ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na [[Japan]] ji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa SPK gbanwere osikapa, bụ́ nke na-akpaghasị mkpokọta starch n’ime mkpụrụ osikapa, ka ngwaahịa wee na-agbakọta n’ime sap mmiri nke dị mfe ime ka ọ dị ọcha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Imamura|first=Tomohiro|date=February 2016|title=Production of recombinant thanatin in watery rice seeds that lack an accumulation of storage starch and proteins|journal=Journal of Biotechnology|volume=219|pages=28–33|doi=10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.006|pmid=26689479|issn=0168-1656}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ osisi ndị na-abụghị ihe ọkụkụ dị ka duckweed Lemna obere ma ọ bụ moss Physcomitrella patens egosila na ọ bara uru maka mmepụta nke biopharmaceuticals. Enwere ike ịzụlite ihe ndị a na-akpa ike na bioreactors (na-emegide ịbụ ndị toro n'ubi), na-ezobe protein ndị gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eto eto ma, ya mere, na-ebelata ibu dị ọcha nke protein n'ịkwadebe proteins recombinant maka ahụike.[34] [35] [36] Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike imepụta ụdị abụọ ahụ iji mee ka nzuzo nke protein na usoro mmadụ nke glycosylation, mmụba karịa usoro ngosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ.[37] [38]. Biolex Therapeutics mepụtara ikpo okwu okwu dabeere na ọbọgwụ; ọ rere Synthon azụmahịa ahụ wee kwupụta enweghị ego na 2012.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Tụkwasị na nke a, ụlọ ọrụ [[Israel]], Protalix, emepụtala usoro iji mepụta ọgwụgwọ na carrot transgenic ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ụtaba. Protalix na onye mmekọ ya, Pfizer, natara nkwado FDA iji ree ọgwụ ya, taliglucerase alpha (Elelyso), dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa Gaucher, na 2012. == Nchịkwa == Nchịkwa nke injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-emetụta usoro gọọmentị na-ewere iji nyochaa ma jikwaa ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara mmepe na ntọhapụ nke ihe ọkụkụ gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ubi. E nwere ọdịiche dị na nhazi nke ihe ọkụkụ GM - gụnyere ndị a na-eji eme pharming - n'etiti mba, na ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịiche ndị a na'etiti USA na Europe. Nchịkwa dịgasị iche na mba a nyere dabere na ojiji a chọrọ iji ngwaahịa nke injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ọkụkụ a na-ezube iji mee ihe oriri anaghị enyocha ya site n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri. == Arụmụka == E nwere esemokwu gburugburu GMOs n'ozuzu ya n'ọtụtụ ọkwa, gụnyere ma ime ha bụ ụkpụrụ omume, okwu gbasara ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi na ahịa ahịa; mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ọkụkụ GM; na ọrụ GM na ọrụ ugbo n'ofe. E nwekwara arụmụka ụfọdụ gbasara pharming. === Uru ya === [[Osisi]] anaghị ebu nje ndị nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ nye [[Health|ahụike]] mmadụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, na ọkwa nke protein na-arụ ọrụ na ọgwụ, enweghị protein na osisi ndị yiri protein mmadụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, osisi ka nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ nke na ha nwere ike ịhazi ma hazie ma anụmanụ na protein mmadụ. Mkpụrụ ha na mkpụrụ ha na-enyekwa akpa nkwakọba ihe na-adịghị mma maka ọgwụgwọ bara uru ma na-ekwe nkwa ndụ nchekwa ụfọdụ.<ref name="BioPro">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bio-pro.de/magazin/thema/00178/index.html?lang=en|title=Molecular Farming – Plant Bioreactors|publisher=BioPro|accessdate=2008-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203226/http://www.bio-pro.de/magazin/thema/00178/index.html?lang=en|archivedate=2011-07-18}}</ref> Mkpa ụwa maka ọgwụ dị na ọkwa a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ. Ịgbasawanye usoro microbial dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-ekwe omume maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ọgwụgwọ, abụghị nhọrọ na-eju afọ n'ọtụtụ ihe. Ọtụtụ protein na-adọrọ mmasị dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu iji mee ya site na usoro microbial ma ọ bụ site na protein synthesis. <ref name="BioPro"/> A na-emepụta protein ndị a ugbu a na mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ, mana ngwaahịa a na-emepụta na-adịkarị oke ọnụ maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa. N'ihi ihe ndị a, sayensị anọwo na-enyocha nhọrọ ndị ọzọ maka ịmepụta protein nke uru ọgwụgwọ. <ref name="library">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0509-e.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507080722/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0509-e.htm|archivedate=May 7, 2010|title=Molecular pharming|publisher=[[Parliament of Canada]]|work=[[Library of Parliament]]|date=4 July 2005|accessdate=2008-09-11|author=Norris, Sonya}}</ref><ref name="ScienceD">{{cite journal | title=Molecular farming in plants: Host systems and expression technology | first1=Richard M. | last2=Stoger | first2=Eva | last3=Schillberg | first3=Stefan | last4=Christou | first4=Paul | last5=Fischer | first5=Rainer | journal=[[Trends Biotechnol.]] | year=2003 | volume=21 | issue=12 | pages=570–8 | doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.10.002 | last1=Twyman | pmid=14624867 | display-authors=3}}</ref> <ref name="nature"/> Ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ ndị a nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] uru nke ukwuu na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-eme atụmatụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ atọ na-anwụ kwa afọ site na ọrịa a na-egbochi site na ọgwụ mgbochi, karịsịa n'Africa. Ọrịa ndị dị ka kịtịkpa na ịba ọcha n'anya na-eduga n'ọnwụ na mba ebe ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ dị elu nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mana ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike inye aka dozie nsogbu a. === Ọghọm ya === Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ugbo bụ otu n'ime ngwa nke Injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, enwere nchegbu pụrụ iche na ya. N'ihe banyere nri gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GM), nchegbu na-elekwasị anya na nchekwa nke nri maka oriri mmadụ. Na nzaghachi, a na-ekwu na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme ka [[ihe ọkụkụ]] dịkwuo mma n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, dị ka iguzogide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ iguzogide ọgwụ ahụhụ, ekwenyeghị na ha anaghị emetụta nri n'onwe ya. Nri GM ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi e mere iji tochaa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ too, ekwere na ha anaghị emetụta ụmụ mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche na ụdị ndị na-abụghị GM.<ref name="library"/><ref name="nature"/><ref name="BioPro"/><ref name="wired">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2001/11/48108|title=Molecular Farming Under Fire|author=Mandel|first=Charles|publisher=wired|accessdate=2008-09-13|date=2001-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721090037/http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2001/11/48108|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ụzọ dị iche, a naghị ebu n'uche ịkọ ugbo maka ihe ọkụkụ maka [[Nri yinye|Usoro nri]]. Ọ na-emepụta osisi ndị nwere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-agbakọta na anụ ahụ nke osisi ahụ. N'ihi ya, a na-elekwasị anya nke ukwuu na njide na ịkpachara anya dị mkpa iji chebe ma ahụike ndị na-azụ ahịa na ụdị dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="library"/> Eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eji osisi ndị ahụ emepụta ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ka ndị na-eme ihe ike. Ha na-echegbu onwe ha na ozugbo mmepụta malitere, osisi ndị gbanwere nwere ike ịchọta ụzọ ha n'ime nri ma ọ bụ cross-pollinate na ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị, ndị na-abụghị GM.<ref name="wired"/> Nchegbu ndị a nwere nkwado akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ihe omume ProdiGene, na site na ihe mere StarLink, nke ọka GMO na mberede mechara bụrụ ngwaahịa nri azụmahịa. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-echegbu onwe ha banyere ike nke azụmahịa. Dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-enyocha Nri nke [[Kánada|Canada]] si kwuo, na akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya, na-ekwu na naanị ọchịchọ US maka ọgwụ biotech na-agbasawanye na pasent 13 kwa afọ ma ruo ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ijeri $ 28.6 na 2004.<ref name="wired" /> A na-atụ anya na Pharming ga-aba ijeri $ 100 n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.molecularfarming.com/about.html|title=Protein Products for Future Global Good|publisher=molecularfarming.com|accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref> == Ndepụta nke ndị malitere (ụlọ ọrụ na mahadum), ọrụ nyocha na ngwaahịa == ''Biko rịba ama na ndepụta a agwụghị agwụ.'' * Dow AgroSciences - ọgwụ mgbochi ọkụkọ megide nje ọrịa Newcastle (PMP mbụ a kwadoro maka ahịa site na USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics Dow ebughị n'obi ire ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm |title=Retrieved on 15 May 2007 |accessdate=10 August 2024 |archivedate=21 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121112634/http://www.dowagro.com/animalhealth/resources/news/20060131b.htm }}</ref><ref>Margret Engelhard, Kristin Hagen, Felix Thiele (eds). (2007) Pharming A New Branch of Biotechnology </ref> "'Dow Agrosciences jiri ọgwụ mgbochi anụmanụ mee ihe dị ka ihe atụ iji gbasaa usoro ahụ kpamkpam. A ghaghị ịkwado ikpo okwu ọhụrụ, nke nwere ike isi ike mgbe ndị ọchịchị na-emetụta ya na nke mbụ', ka onye na-ahụ maka ahụike osisi Stefan Schillberg, onye isi nke Molecular Biology Division na Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biological and Applied Ecology Aachen kọwara. "<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.labtimes.org/labtimes/issues/lt2012/lt04/lt_2012_04_38_40.pdf |title=Farming for Pharma |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091208/http://www.labtimes.org/labtimes/issues/lt2012/lt04/lt_2012_04_38_40.pdf }}</ref> * Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, nke nwere saịtị dị na Germany, US, na [[Chile]] bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na Pharma Planta consortium nke òtù ndị mmekọ 33 sitere na mba 12 nke Europe na South Africa, nke European Commission kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ime.fraunhofer.de/en/about_us.html |title=Fraunhofer website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2024-11-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241115044959/https://www.ime.fraunhofer.de/en/About_Us.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=58 |title=Pharma Planta website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2019-07-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710071531/http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=58 }}</ref> Pharma Planta na-emepe usoro maka mmepụta osisi nke protein na greenhouses na usoro nchịkwa Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=61 |title=FAQ page |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2019-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630164043/http://www.pharma-planta.net/index.php?pg=61 }}</ref> Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Biosimilars na Plantform na PharmaPraxis (lee n'okpuru). <ref name="Brennan">Brennan, Zachary. Brazilian JV looks to tap plant-based manufacturing system for biosimilars. BioPharma-Reporter.com, 23-Jul-2014.</ref> * Genzyme - antithrombin III na mmiri ara ewu * GTC Biotherapeutics - ATryn (recombinant human antithrombin) na mmiri ara ewu <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gtc-bio.com/ |title=GTC website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2009-01-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022346/http://gtc-bio.com/ }}</ref> * Icon Genetics na-emepụta ọgwụgwọ na osisi ''Nicotiana benthamiana'' (nke metụtara ụtaba) na-ebute ọrịa na ụlọ akwụkwọ na Halle, Germany ma ọ bụ n'ọhịa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5948.htm |title=Press release on opening Halle facility |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621071825/http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5948.htm }}</ref><ref name="NHL-Launch">{{Cite web |url=http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5954.htm |title=Icon press release on clinical trial launch |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621072048/http://www.icongenetics.com/html/5954.htm }}</ref> Ngwaahịa mbụ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi maka ọrịa kansa, lymphoma na-abụghị Hodgkin.<ref name="NHL-Launch" /> * Mahadum steeti Iowa - protein na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ site na nje bacteria E. coli na ọka na-enweghị ntụ ọka dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide E. coli maka ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/images/BIGMAP%20newsletter%20spring06.pdf |title=Iowa State Ag School 2006 Newsletter |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503143308/http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/images/BIGMAP%20newsletter%20spring06.pdf }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/08_057109r_nds.pdf APHIS approval]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-06/isu-isp062306.html|title=Iowa State plant scientists tweak their biopharmaceutical corn research project|accessdate=2012-10-06|archivedate=2015-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602172133/http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2006-06/isu-isp062306.html}}</ref> * Kentucky Bioprocessing weghaara ụlọ ọrụ Large Scale Biology na Owensboro, Kentucky, ma na-enye ọrụ nkwekọrịta biomanufacturing na ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba, nke a na-akụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ n'ọhịa mepere emepe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbpllc.com/Home.aspx |title=Kentucky Bioprocessing website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-11-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119062837/http://www.kbpllc.com/Home.aspx }}</ref> * Medicago Inc. - Nnyocha tupu Ọgwụ mgbochi influenza nke e mere na osisi ''Nicotiana benthamiana'' (nke metụtara ụtaba) na-ebute ọrịa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Louis-P.|author=Vezina|year=2011|title=Plants As an Innovative and Accelerated Vaccine-Manufacturing Solution|journal=BioPharm International Supplements|volume=24|issue=5|pages=s27–30|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Upstream+Processing/Plants-As-an-Innovative-and-Accelerated-Vaccine-Ma/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/718082|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602015914/http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Upstream+Processing/Plants-As-an-Innovative-and-Accelerated-Vaccine-Ma/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/718082|archive-date=2013-06-02|access-date=2024-08-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Medicago zụlitere ụmụ irighiri nje dị ka nje na ahịhịa ahịhịhịa nke Australia ''Nicotiana benthamiana,'' maka mmepe nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide nje COVID-19, na-amalite ule ahụike nke Phase I na July 2020.<ref name="ctv-medicago">{{Cite news|title=The hunt for a vaccine: Canadian company begins human testing of COVID-19 candidate|work=CTV News|date=2020-07-14|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/the-hunt-for-a-vaccine-canadian-company-begins-human-testing-of-covid-19-candidate-1.5022960|accessdate=2020-07-14|author=St. Philip|first=Elizabeth|archive-date=2020-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011085037/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/the-hunt-for-a-vaccine-canadian-company-begins-human-testing-of-covid-19-candidate-1.5022960/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="np-medicago">{{Cite news|author=Vishwadha Chander|publisher=Reuters|title=Canada's Medicago begins human trials of plant-based COVID-19 vaccine|work=National Post|date=2020-07-14|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadas-medicago-begins-human-trials-of-plant-based-covid-19-vaccine|accessdate=2020-07-14}}</ref><ref name="medicago">{{Cite web|title=Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of a Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18-55 Years|work=ClinicalTrials.gov|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04450004|accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref> * PharmaPraxis - Ịmepụta ihe ndị yiri ihe ndị dị ndụ na njikọ aka na PlantForm (lee n'okpuru) na Fraunhofer.<ref name="Brennan" /> * Pharming - C1 inhibitor, human collagen 1, fibrinogen (na American Red Cross), na lactoferrin na mmiri ara ehi E nwetara ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi n'azụ ọrụ fibrinogen site na PPL Therapeutics mgbe PPL dara ogbenye na 2004. <ref>[http://www.pharming.com/ Company website]</ref><ref name="PPL-Press">{{Cite web |url=http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Processing/Pharming-buys-up-PPL-s-patent-estate |title=Press on Pharming Purchase of PPL assets |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-07-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704171010/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Processing/Pharming-buys-up-PPL-s-patent-estate }}</ref> * Phyton Biotech na-eji usoro mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ osisi emepụta ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-adabere na taxanes, gụnyere paclitaxel na docetaxel <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phytonbiotech.com/index-2.html |title=Phyton Biotech Official Website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2014-06-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053230/http://www.phytonbiotech.com/index-2.html }}</ref> * Planet Biotechnology - antibodies megide Streptococcus mutans, antibodies gegn doxorubicin, na ICAM 1 receptor na ụtaba <ref>[http://www.planetbiotechnology.com/ Company website]</ref> * PlantForm Corporation - Biosimilar trastuzumab na ụtaba - Ọ na-emepe biosimilars na mmekorita ya na PharmaPraxis (lee n'elu) na Fraunhofer. <ref>[http://www.plantformcorp.com/ Company website]</ref><ref name="Brennan" /> * ProdiGene - na-emepụta ọtụtụ protein, gụnyere aprotinin, trypsin na ọgwụ mgbochi TGE nke anụmanụ na ọka. Ọ nọ na usoro nke ịmalite ngwaahịa trypsin na 2002 mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ihe ọkụkụ ya na-anwale n'ọhịa emetọla ihe ọkụkụ nkịtị. <ref name="News of contamination"/> N'enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ nde $ 3 nke nhicha ahụ, ndị International Oilseed Distributors zụrụ ya na 2003 ndị International Oilbeed Distributers bụ ndị Harry H. Stine na-achịkwa, onye nwere otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ soybeans genetics na US.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108160917/http://www.seedquest.com/News/releases/2003/august/6457.htm Press release from internet archive]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130118150903/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=33330 Bloomberg BusinessWeek Profile]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stineseed.com/about-stine/media/company-leadership/harry-h-stine/ |title=Stine Seeds Website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308130006/http://www.stineseed.com/about-stine/media/company-leadership/harry-h-stine }}</ref> ProdiGene's maize-produced trypsin, na akara ahịa TrypZean bụ nke Sigma-Aldritch na-ere ugbu a dị ka ihe nyocha. <ref>[http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=78179017&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearchUSPTO Trademark listing]</ref><ref name="SigmaDetailSheet">[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/General_Information/cell_culture.Par.0001.File.tmp/cell_culture.pdf SIgma Info Sheet]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Kevin|author=Ray|year=2011|title=Characterization of TrypZean: a Plant-Based Alternative to Bovine-Derived Trypsin (Peer-Reviewed)|journal=BioPharm International|volume=24|issue=10|pages=44–8|url=http://www.biopharminternational.com/biopharm/Quality/Characterization-of-TrypZean-a-Plant-Based-Alterna/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/742608}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/analytical-enzymes/trypzean.html Sigma Catalog]</ref> * Syngenta - Beta carotene na osikapa (nke a bụ "Golden rice 2"), nke Syngenta nyere onyinye na Golden Rice Project <ref>[http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3-Why/why3_FAQ.php#Syngenta FAQ page]</ref> * Mahadum steeti Arizona - Ọgwụ mgbochi Hepatitis C na poteto <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sols.asu.edu/people/charles-arntzen|title=Charles Arntzen &#124; School of Life Sciences|accessdate=2024-08-10|archivedate=2017-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520035801/https://sols.asu.edu/people/charles-arntzen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/news050214-2|title=Potatoes pack a punch against hepatitis B|year=2005|author=Khamsi|first=Roxanne|journal=News@nature}}</ref> * Ventria Bioscience - lactoferrin na lysozyme na osikapa * Mahadum Washington State - lactoferrin na lysozyme na ọka bali <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/10_047102r_nds.pdf|title=NEPA Decision Summary for Permit #10-047-102r|date=March 10, 2010|publisher=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.officeofresearch.wsu.edu/mps/researchers/vonwettstein.aspx Wettstein lab webpage]</ref> * European COST Action on Molecular Farming - COST Action FA0804 on Molecular Agriculture na-enye ụlọ ọrụ nhazi pan-European, na-ejikọ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na gọọmentị si mba 23.<ref>[http://www.molecularfarming.org/ COST Action FA0804 Official Website]</ref> Ebumnuche nke Action bụ ịkwalite mpaghara ahụ site n'ịgba ume mmekọrịta sayensị, inye echiche ọkachamara na ịgba ume mmepe azụmahịa nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ. COST Action na-enyekwa onyinye na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto ohere ileta ụlọ nyocha na Europe maka ọzụzụ sayensị. * Map Biopharmaceutical na San Diego, [[California]], a kọrọ na August 2014 na-emepụta ZMapp, ọgwụgwọ nnwale maka [[Nje ọrịa Ebola|Ọrịa Ebola]] na-egbu egbu. A kọrọ na ndị America abụọ butere ọrịa na [[Liberia]] na-emeziwanye ọgwụ ahụ. E mere ZMapp site na iji ihe ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba GM mepụtara.<ref>Ward, Andrew (8 August 2014) [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3925a80e-1e32-11e4-bb68-00144feabdc0.html#axzz39ok7ETQX Biotech groups face ethical dilemmas in race for Ebola Cure], Financial Times, Page 4, Internet article retrieved 8 August 2014</ref><ref>Langreth, Robert, et al (5 August 2014) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-05/ebola-drug-made-from-tobacco-plant-saves-u-s-aid-workers.html Ebola Drug Made From Tobacco Plant Saves U.S. Aid Workers] Bloomberg News, Retrieved 8 August 2014</ref> '''Ọrụ ndị a maara na a hapụrụ''' * Agragen, na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Alberta - docosahexaenoic acid na human serum albumin na flax<ref>[http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009109054 Published PCT Application]</ref><ref>CEO Sam Huttenbauer testified before Congress in 2005 about their GM flax efforts [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg23179/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg23179.pdf Testimony]</ref><ref>Web search on October 6, 2012, found no website for this company and found that executives are all with other companies.</ref> * Chlorogen, Inc. - ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, anthrax, na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, albumin, interferon maka ọrịa imeju gụnyere ịba ọcha n'anya C, elastin, 4HB, na Ihe na-eto eto dị ka insulin na chloroplasts ụtaba. Ọ kwụsịrị azụmahịa na 2007.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130118182205/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5863309 Bloomberg BusinessWeek Profile]</ref> * Dow Chemical Company mere nkwekọrịta na Sunol Molecular na 2003 iji mepụta ihe na-alụso ihe na-eme ka anụ ahụ ghara ịdị na osisi na n'ọdịbendị mkpụrụ ndụ na iji ha tụnyere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Ingredients/Plant-production-for-cancer-protein |title=Plant production for cancer protein Sept 22, 2003 |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2013-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705140326/http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Ingredients/Plant-production-for-cancer-protein }}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Sunol rere ihe niile na-emegide anụ ahụ ya na Tanox, nke Genentech zụrụ n'afọ 2003.<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tanox-to-acquire-antibodies-from-sunol-molecular-corp-for-potential-treatment-of-inflammatory-disease-cancer-54351832.html Press Release]</ref><ref>[http://contracts.onecle.com/tanox/sunol.apa.2005.03.25.shtml Purchase contract]</ref> Genentech nyere Altor ikikere usoro ihe omume anụ ahụ na 2008 Altor n'onwe ya bụ spinout site na Sunol. <ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080212005194/en/Altor-BioScience-In-Licenses-Tissue-Factor-Antagonists-Genentech Press Release]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://altorbioscience.com/team.html |title=Altor website |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082019/http://altorbioscience.com/team.html }}</ref> Ngwaahịa a na-emepe emepe, ALT-836, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka TNX-832 na Sunol-cH36, abụghị ihe na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke osisi mepụtara, kama ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi ọrịa nke anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara, karịa kpọmkwem, ihe na-emegide ọrịa nke a na-emepụta na hybridoma. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1160/TH09-06-0400|title=Inhibition of acute vascular thrombosis in chimpanzees by an anti-human tissue factor antibody targeting the factor X binding site|year=2009|author=Jiao|first=J.-a.|journal=Thrombosis and Haemostasis|volume=103|pages=224–33|pmid=20062929|issue=1}}</ref> * Epicite - spermicidal antibodies in corn Biolex zụrụ Epicyte na 2004 mgbe a kọwara akwụkwọ Epicyte dị ka "na-elekwasị anya na nchọpụta na mmepe nke ngwaahịa monoclonal antibody mmadụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọtụtụ ọrịa na-efe efe na nke na-eme ka ọzịza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=GM corn set to stop man spreading his seed|date=2001-09-09|work=[[The Guardian]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052259/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food|archivedate=2023-06-03|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2001/sep/09/gm.food}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trelys.com/news050604.aspx |title=Trelys press release |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2024-08-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810215717/https://www.trelys.com/news050604.aspx }}</ref> * Large Scale Biology Corporation (LSBC) (bankrupt) - jiri nje Tobacco mosaic mepụta reagents na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa maka Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Papillomavirus vaccine, parvovirus vaccine, alphactosidase maka Ọrịa Fabry, lysosomal acid lipase, aprotinin, interferon Alpha 2a na 2b, G-CSF, na ọgwụ mgwọ ọrịa Hepatitis B na ụtaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2006/01/16/story1.html|title=Large Scale files Ch. 11 after closing|accessdate=2007-05-10|author=Lamb|first=Celia|date=2006-01-13|work=[[Sacramento Business Journal]]}}</ref> N'afọ 2004, LSBC kwupụtara nkwekọrịta ya na Sigma-Aldritch nke LSB ga-emepụta aprotinin recombinant na osisi nke ezinụlọ ụtaba na Sigma -Aldrich ga-ekesa ngwaahịa recombinant LSBC na ndị ahịa ya na R&D, omenala mkpụrụ ndụ na ahịa.<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040304005618/en/Large-Scale-Biology-Corporation-Announces-Biomanufacturing-Commercial Biomanufacturing Press Release]</ref> Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 2012 SIgma ka nwere protein na ngwaahịa.<ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a6103?lang=en&region=US Sigma catalog Aprotinin]</ref> * Meristem Therapeutics - Lipase, lactoferrin, plasma protein, collagen, antibodies (IgA, IgM), allergens na protease inhibitors na ụtaba. E wepụrụ ya na 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pharmaclient.net/biotech/memories.php |title=History of bankrupt biotech companies |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2021-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620072220/https://pharmaclient.net/biotech/memories.php }}</ref> * Novoplant GmgH - protein ọgwụgwọ na ụtaba na nri.<ref>[http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=EN_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=432&CAT=PART&QUERY=012c1391b59f:da0f:58589b33&RCN=73876 Cordis entry on Novoplant]</ref> Nnyocha ubi na US nke nri ahịhịa maka ezì nke mepụtara anti-bacterial antibodies.<ref>[http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/06_335101r_nds.pdf APHIS approval]</ref> Onye bụbu CSO nọ ugbu a na ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ; o yiri ka Novoplant enweghị azụmahịa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.affitech.com/about-us/management-team/sergej-m-kiprijanov |title=Kiprijanov biography |accessdate=2024-08-10 |archivedate=2015-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914180734/http://www.affitech.com/about-us/management-team/sergej-m-kiprijanov }}</ref> * Monsanto Company - a gbahapụrụ mmepe nke ọka na-emepụta ọgwụ * PPL Therapeutics - Alpha 1-antitrypsin maka cystic fibrosis na emphysema na mmiri ara atụrụ. Nke a bụ ụlọ ọrụ mepụtara Dolly the Sheep, anụmanụ mbụ e mepụtara. Ọ dara ogbenye n'afọ 2004. Pharming na otu ndị na-etinye ego gụnyere Mahadum nke Pittsburgh Medical Center nwetara ihe onwunwe.<ref name="PPL-Press"/><ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/stories/2003/04/07/daily30.html?page=all UPMC buys PPL assets]</ref> * SemBioSys - Insulin na safflower. Na Mee 2012, SemBioSys kwụsịrị ọrụ ya.<ref name="BankruptcyAnnouncement">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/975453/sembiosys-announces-first-quarter-results-and-provides-update-on-activities |title=Press release May 15, 2012: SemBioSys Announces First Quarter Results and Provides Update on Activities |accessdate=August 10, 2024 |archivedate=August 15, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815152432/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/975453/sembiosys-announces-first-quarter-results-and-provides-update-on-activities }}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Biopharmaceutical * Mgbanwe nke ndụ * Ihe dị ndụ a gbanwere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa * Polly na Molly * International Center for Technology Assessment == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist|33em}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4d8hdf0xicbosp416z4fe0uuw1qw70i Vera Songwe 0 51386 743581 719103 2026-11-06T09:10:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Vera Songwe|image=Vera Songwe at the UK-Africa Investment Summit 2020 (49418317753) (cropped).jpg|caption=Vera Songwe in 2020|nationality={{flag|Cameroon|name=Cameroon}}|occupation=Economist and Banker}} Vera Songwe bụ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na onye isi ụlọ akụ si Cameroon onye rụrụ ọrụ na World Bank site na 1998 ruo 2015, na 2015–2017 jere ozi dị ka onye isi mpaghara Western na Central Africa maka International Finance Corporation.[1] [2] Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ ga-abụ onyeisi otu UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) n'ọkwa nke Under- Secretary General.[3] Songwe ugbu a [mgbe?] na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu Senior Fellow na-abụghị onye bi na Brookings Institution's Africa Growth Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/project/africa-growth-initiative/|title=Africa Growth Initiative}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Songwe nwere PhD na Mathematical Economics site na Center for Operations Research and Econometrics na Master of Arts in Law and Economics na Diplôme d'études approfondies in Economic Science and Politics si Université Catholique de Louvain na Belgium. O nwere nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Economics na Science Political si na Mahadum Michigan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography|title=Biography {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|work=www.uneca.org|accessdate=2019-04-17|archivedate=2019-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417073819/https://www.uneca.org/pages/biography}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Songwe rụrụ ọrụ na Federal Reserve Bank nke Minneapolis, ma n'otu oge ahụ nwee nhọpụta prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum nke Southern California.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 1998, Songwe sonyeere World Bank, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM), na-ekpuchi Morocco na Tunisia. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/289690/economie/a-ifc-vera-songwe-passe-chevet-secteur-prive/|title=À IFC, Vera Songwe passe au chevet du secteur privé|author=Oury Diallo|first=Amadou|date=11 January 2016|publisher=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr|accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|title=IFC Appoints Vera Songwe Regional Director for West and Central Africa|date=1 July 2015|publisher=AfricaStar|accessdate=15 January 2016|archive-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143132/http://en.starafrica.com/news/ifc-appoints-vera-songwe-regional-director-for-west-and-central-africa.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ na PREM maka East Asia na mpaghara Pacific.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 2010, Songwe so n'òtù World Bank Group nke nwetara ijeri US $ 49.3 n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ego nkwenye maka mba ndị na-enweta ego dị ala n'ụwa dị ka akụkụ nke International Development Association (IDA) 16th replenishment. <ref name="Vera Songwe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/experts/vera-songwe/|title=Vera Songwe|date=2015-09-04|work=Brookings|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-17}}</ref> Site na 2011 ruo 2015, Songwe bụ onye nduzi mpaghara Africa na-ekpuchi West na Central Africa maka International Finance Corporation (IFC), na onye nduzi mba maka Senegal, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, na Mauritania. <ref>[[Mark Landler]] (July 31, 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/us/politics/african-leaders-coming-to-talk-business-may-also-be-pressed-on-rights.html African Leaders Coming to Talk Business May Also Be Pressed on Rights] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> Ebe ndị isi na-adọrọ mmasị ya bụ iwu ego, usoro ego ọhụrụ maka mmepe, ọrụ ugbo, ike na ọchịchị akụ na ụba. <ref name="Vera Songwe"/> N'afọ 2011, Songwe sonyere na Africa 2.0, atụmatụ iji mee ka ndị na-eto eto Afrịka jikọọ aka iji nyere aka na mmepe akụ na ụba nke kọntinent ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/12/world/africa/africa-2-0-entrepreneurs/|title=Africa's emerging leaders launch 2020 growth vision|author=Sesay|first=Isha|date=12 October 2011|work=[[CNN]]|accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta na Brookings Institution, na Africa Growth Initiative.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/d18e758a66cf48fcb5b14101cebb53a7/he-heads-africa-obamas-electricity-plan-jeopardy|title=Obama's top initiative to aid Africa is now in jeopardy|author=Lederman|first=Josh|date=23 July 2015|accessdate=15 January 2016|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130003802/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/d18e758a66cf48fcb5b14101cebb53a7/he-heads-africa-obamas-electricity-plan-jeopardy|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-to-announce-expansion-of-electrification-in-africa/2014/08/05/5b241554-1cab-11e4-82f9-2cd6fa8da5c4_story.html|title=Obama to announce expansion of electrification in Africa|author=Eilperin|first=Juliet|date=5 August 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref> ''Forbes'' depụtara ya na 2013 dị ka otu n'ime "20 Young Power Women in Africa", na n'afọ sochirinụ Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics họọrọ ya dị ka otu mu "ndị isi Afrịka nke echi".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/#2715e4857a0b3320d3797231|title=The 20 Young Power Women In Africa 2013|author=Mfonobong|first=Nsehe|date=4 December 2013|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/2708-5582-after-the-world-bank-cameroonian-vera-songwe-becomes-the-ifc-resident-representative-to-senegal|title=After the World Bank, Cameroonian Vera Songwe becomes the IFC resident representative to Senegal|date=27 August 2015|work=Business in Cameroon|accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, ya na Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurship Programme, nke e guzobere ọhụrụ, nke kwere nkwa nde $ 100 maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-amalite n'Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/05/business/elumelu-entrepreneurship-program/|title=African entrepreneurs boosted by billionaire investor|author=Court|first=Alex|date=23 January 2015|work=[[CNN]]|accessdate=15 January 2016}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2015, a họpụtara Songwe ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi mpaghara nke IFC maka West na Central Africa.<ref name=":0"/> Songwe malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) na 3 Ọgọstụ 2017 na ọkwa nke Under-Secretary-General. <ref name=":1"/> Na June 2020, Songwe na ndị ọzọ - ndị nwetara nrite Nobel na Economics, ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ndị isi nri na ndị isi nke òtù mba ''Ụwa'' - bịanyere aka n'[[International Appeal of 7 June 2020|arịrịọ]] maka akụ na ụba purple ("Towards a cultural renaissance of the economy"), nke e bipụtara na ''Corriere della Sera'', El País na Le Monde.<ref name="corriere.it20200607">{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.corriere.it/cultura/20_giugno_07/per-rinascimento-culturale-dell-economia-dcacbef2-a803-11ea-b900-84da2a1f22a9.shtml|title=Per un rinascimento culturale dell'economia|date=7 June 2020|accessdate=22 June 2020|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]}}</ref><ref name="elpais.com20200607">{{Cite web|language=es|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2020-06-07/por-un-renacimiento-cultural-de-la-economia-el-manifiesto-de-una-veintena-de-intelectuales-para-una-nueva-epoca.html|title=Por un renacimiento cultural de la economía|date=7 June 2020|accessdate=22 June 2020|work=[[El País]]}}</ref><ref name="lemonde.fr20200607">{{Cite web|language=fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/06/07/en-depit-de-son-importance-croissante-le-culturel-n-a-pas-suffisamment-ete-pense-comme-un-ecosysteme_6042057_3232.html|title=En dépit de son importance croissante, le culturel n'a pas suffisamment été pensé comme un écosystème|date=7 June 2020|accessdate=22 June 2020|work=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, Songewe kwupụtara ọpụpụ ya na UNECA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uneca.org/stories/vera-songwe-steps-down-as-eca-executive-secretary|title=Vera Songwe steps down as ECA Executive Secretary &#124; United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|access-date=2024-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203155157/https://uneca.org/stories/vera-songwe-steps-down-as-eca-executive-secretary|archive-date=2024-12-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe omume ndị ọzọ == Ọ bụkwa onye otu African Union Institutional reform team n'okpuru nduzi nke Onye isi ala Rwanda, Paul Kagame, na onye otu African Leadership Network, Mo Ibrahim Foundation, na ID4Africa.<ref name=":1"/><ref>[https://id4africa.com/advisory-board/ Advisory Board] ID4Africa.</ref> Na mbido 2021, G20 họpụtara Songwe na High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) maka ịkwụ ụgwọ maka nkwadebe na nzaghachi maka ọrịa na-efe efe, nke [[Ngozi Okonjo Iweala|Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], Tharman Shanmugaratnam na Lawrence Summers bụ ndị isi oche.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210201111518/https://www.mef.gov.it/en/ufficio-stampa/comunicati/2021/The-G20-establishes-a-High-Level-Independent-Panel-on-financing-the-Global-Commons-for-Pandemic-Preparedness-and-Response-00001/ Ministry of Economy and FinanceThe G20 establishes a High Level Independent Panel on financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response] [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]], press release of January 27, 2021.</ref> == Okwu == # Nkwupụta site n'aka odeakwụkwọ ukwu na Nzukọ nke Anọ nke Ndị Minista na-ahụ maka Ndebanye aha obodo, Lusaka, Zambia, 07 Disemba 2017 <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.uneca.org/pages/speeches-0|title=Speeches {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|work=www.uneca.org|accessdate=2019-04-17|archivedate=2019-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417082408/https://www.uneca.org/pages/speeches-0}}</ref> # Nkwupụta nke onye isi odeakwụkwọ na mmeghe nke African Economic Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 04 Disemba 2017 <ref name=":2" /> # Nkwupụta site n'aka onye isi odeakwụkwọ na mmeghe nke Nzukọ na Iwu Ala n'Africa (CLPA-2017), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14 Nọvemba 2017 <ref name=":2" /> # Nkwupụta site n'aka Dr. Vera Songwe, Under-Secretary-General nke United Nations na Executive Secretary nke UNECA na Opening Session nke 18th Executive Council Meeting of the Extraordinary Summit on the African Continental Free Trade Area <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/speeches/20180319/statement-dr-vera-songwe-united-nations-under-secretary-general-and-executive|title=Statement by Dr. Vera Songwe, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the UNECA at the Opening Session of the 18th Executive Council Meeting of the Extraordinary Summit on the African Continental Free Trade Area {{!}} African Union|work=au.int|accessdate=2019-04-17|archivedate=2019-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417081623/https://au.int/en/speeches/20180319/statement-dr-vera-songwe-united-nations-under-secretary-general-and-executive}}</ref> # Imechi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị <ref name="imf.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2018/11/16/vera-songwe-closing-tech-gender-gap|title=Vera Songwe: Closing the Tech Gender Gap|work=IMF|language=en|accessdate=2019-04-17}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == # "Ịmeri n'ọgụ megide nrụrụ aka: Ụzọ Na-adịgide adịgide maka Mgbanwe Africa" <ref>{{Cite journal|date=June 2018|title=Statement by Vera Songwe: theme: "Winning the Fight against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation": draft|url=http://repository.uneca.org/handle/10855/24475}}</ref> == Isiokwu ndị a ma ama == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qexef0ok9tggrmdm80gowb31j0phigm Romuald Fonkoua 0 51634 743505 741005 2026-11-05T20:15:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743505 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline;">Romuald Fonkoua</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Fonkoua.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1961-11-26</span>) </span>November 26, 1961 (afọ 62) <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (Ọ dị afọ 62) &nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Ọrụ | class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[Professor|Prọfesọ]], Onye Na-ede Akụkọ Ndụ[[Biographer|Onye dere akụkọ ndụ]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Asụsụ | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[French language|French]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Alma mater&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[University of Lille|Mahadum nke Lille]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Ihe nrite ndị a ma ama | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[Prix Carbet de la Caraïbe et du Tout-Monde|Ihe nrite Carbet nke Caribbean na nke Ụwa Nile]] |} Romuald Fonkoua (amụrụ 1961 na Cameroon) bụ prọfesọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Francophone na ngalaba akwụkwọ ozi nke Mahadum Sorbonne ebe ọ na-eduzi International Center for Francophone Studies. == Akụkọ ndụ == Romuald Fonkoua gụrụ akwụkwọ na Cameroon na [[France]], nweta nzere doctorate na akwụkwọ n'ozuzu na nke ntụnyere na Mahadum nke Lille. Fonkoua kụziri ihe na Mahadum Cergy-Pontoise tupu ọ bụrụ prọfesọ nke akwụkwọ Francophone na Mahadim Strasbourg. Kemgbe afọ 2000, ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Middlebury College . <ref>{{Cite web|title=French Faculty and Staff|url=https://www.middlebury.edu/language-schools/languages/french/faculty-staff|work=Middlebury College|accessdate=24 June 2021}}</ref> Fonkoua na-eduzi mkpokọta "Lettres francophone" nke Sorbonne University Presses (SUP) ma na-eduzi mkpokọta "Bibliothèque francophone" na Classiques Garnier. <ref name="FPLMDL"/> Ọ bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Presence Africaine kemgbe 1999. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sup.sorbonne-universite.fr/auteur/romuald-fonkoua|title=Romuald Fonkoua|work=Sorbonne University|accessdate=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204345/https://sup.sorbonne-universite.fr/auteur/romuald-fonkoua|archive-date=24 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọrụ Fonkoua lekwasịri anya na ajụjụ nke akwụkwọ Francophone n'ozuzu ya, akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na akụkọ ndụ nke ndị edemede.<ref name="FPLMDL">{{Cite web|url=https://memoire-esclavage.org/romuald-fonkoua|title=Romuald Fonkoua|work=Fondation Pour La Mémoire De L'Esclavage|accessdate=24 June 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://memoire-esclavage.org/romuald-fonkoua "Romuald Fonkoua"]. ''Fondation Pour La Mémoire De L'Esclavage''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == * 1998 Romuald Fonkoua. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Akwụkwọ ozi ndịda". * 2001 Romuald Fonkoua na Pierre Halan. Les Champs littéraires africains, Paris, Karthala. * 2002 Romuald Fonkoua. Essai sur une mesure du monde au XXxe siècle: Édouard Glissant, Paris, Honoré Champion. * 2003 Romuald Fonkoua, Bernard Mourails na Anne Piriou. ''Robert Delavignette ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị: 1897-1976 '', Paris, Karthala. * 2010 Romuald Fonkoua [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * 2012 Romuald Fonkoua, Eléonore Reverzy na Pierre Hartmann. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * 2018 Romuald Fonkoua na Muriel Ott. '''Ndị dike na ọnwụ n'omenala'' epic, Paris, Karthala. == Ntụaka ==  {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] au0wg8qo1gnx4j5o244nh6ei0hnvtio Were Nlaghachi n'abalị (nhazi) 0 52880 743593 577707 2026-11-06T10:51:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Take Back The Night march Alamogordo 2010.jpg|thumb|Were Nlaghachi n'abalị]] Take Back the Night bụ mmemme mba ụwa na ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nwere ebumnuche ịkwụsị mmekọahụ, mmekọrịta, na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ n'ụdị niile.  A na-eme ọtụtụ narị ihe omume na mba 30 kwa afọ.  Ihe omume na-agụnyekarị ngagharị iwe, ngagharị iwe na vigils ezubere dị ka ngagharị iwe na ime ihe ozugbo megide mmeko nwoke na nwanyị na ụdị mmekọahụ, mmekọrịta na ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ.  Na 2001, otu ụmụ nwanyị ndị sonyere na njem mbụ Take Back the Night, gbakọtara iji guzobe . == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ndị otu Take Back the Night Foundation sonyere na njem Take Back the night na ihe omume site na 1970s ruo taa. E mere otu n'ime ngagharị mbụ "Wee Back the Night" na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1975, mgbe e gbusịrị onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ irighiri ihe, Susan Alexander Speeth, onye a mara mma ruo ọnwụ mgbe ọ na-aga n'ụlọ naanị ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themaneater.com/stories/2010/9/22/students-take-back-night/|title=Students 'Take Back the Night' on Columbia streets|work=themaneater.com|accessdate=2013-10-11|archivedate=2020-07-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726222052/https://www.themaneater.com/stories/campus/students-take-back-night}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=McGrath|first=Meadhbh|date=2013-03-18|title=Take Back the Night protests sexual violence|url=https://www.dailycal.org/2013/03/17/take-back-the-night-protests-sexual-violence/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2021-02-05|work=The Daily Californian|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe omume Early Take Back the Night gụnyere ngagharị iwe na San Francisco megide ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na 1978. <ref>Bronstein, Carolyn (2011). Battling Pornography: The American Anti-Pornography Feminist Movement, 1976-1986. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 165-166.</ref> Ejiri "Take Back the Night" mee ihe dị ka aha ncheta 1977 nke Anne Pride gụrụ na nnọkọ mgbochi ime ihe ike na Pittsburgh..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://research.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/takenite2.html|title=Take Back the Night|publisher=[[UMBC]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830094900/http://research.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/takenite2.html|archivedate=August 30, 2006|accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref> == Ihe omume == Ihe omume na-agụnyekarị ngagharị na-esote ngagharị na mgbe mgbe a na-ekwukarị okwu ma ọ bụ na-enwu kandụl na-eme ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị. A na-ejikarị ụmụ nwanyị eme ngagharị iwe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya iji gosipụta ije ije nke ụmụ nwanyị n'otu n'otu na iji gosipụta na ụmụ nwanyị dị n'otu nwere ike iguzogide egwu na ime ihe ike. (Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ngagharị iwe n'oge a gụnyere ụmụ nwoke; nzukọ ahụ dị iche ka a na-ahazi ihe omume ọ bụla n'ógbè ahụ.) Iwu ndị inyom na-akpata esemokwu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ụfọdụ; ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe kwuru na a ga-ekwe ka ndị ikom na ndị mwakpo mmekọahụ lanarịrị ịga ije iji kwado ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ikom na-eme ihe ike mmekọahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2008/04/17/first-time-men-will-join-full-take-back-night-march|title=For First Time, Men Will Join Full Take Back the Night March|work=[[Columbia Daily Spectator]]|first=Joy|author=Resmovits|date=2008-04-17|accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref> Na omume ugbu a, Take Back the Night emume abụghị naanị ihe gbasara ụmụ nwoke, kama ọ gụnyere ụmụ nwoke dịka ndị lanarịrịnụ, ndị na-eguzo, na ndị na-akwado ya. Ọtụtụ kọleji, dị ka Mahadum Wesleyan dị na Connecticut, na-enye ụmụ nwoke ohere isonye n'ikwu okwu n'ahụmahụ nke onwe ha na mwakpo mmekọahụ. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Bowdoin dị na Maine na-ahazi vigil ọkụ kandụl yiri nke ahụ na ije nke na-agba ụmụ akwụkwọ nke nwoke na nwanyị ume ka ha gosipụta ịdị n'otu maka ndị lanarịrị na campus na mba a. Ihe omume Take Back the Night University nke Michigan State gụnyere ndepụta nke chọrọ ndị obodo mahadum ka ha kwụsị ime ihe ike<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theear.org/TBTN/Demands.htm|title=TBTN Demands|accessdate=2014-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025225407/http://theear.org/TBTN/Demands.htm|archivedate=2014-10-25}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ngagharị ahụ malitere dị ka ụzọ isi mee mkpesa banyere ime ihe ike ụmụ nwanyị nwere mgbe ha na-agagharị n'ihu ọha n'abalị, ebumnuche nke ngagharị ndị a bụ ikwu okwu megide ime ihe ike a ma mee ka ndị mmadụ mara dị ka ihe mgbochi megide ime ihe ọjọọ n'ọdịnihu. Ebumnuche nke Take Back the Night etolitela iji gụnye ụdị ime ihe ike niile megide mmadụ niile, ọ bụ ezie na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị ka bụ ihe kachasị mkpa. Okwu ahụ bụ ''abalị'' bụ nke a na-ewere n'ụzọ nkịtị iji gosipụta egwu ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-enwe n'abalị mana kemgbe ahụ agbanweela iji gosipụta ụjọ nke ime ihe ike n'ozuzu. Nke a na-enyere òtù ahụ aka itinye nchegbu ndị ọzọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị dịka Ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na mmetọ mmekọahụ n'ime ụlọ. Ihe omume Take Back the Night na-eme na kọleji kọleji, na nnukwu obodo ukwu, na obere obodo, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha, na ọbụna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. E dekọrọ ihe omume mba ụwa na Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Bermuda, Canada, Italy, Poland, Germany, Hungary, India, England na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ. Ebumnuche a na-ahụkarị bụ ịkwado ikike onye ọ bụla nwere inwe mmetụta na ọ dị nchebe pụọ na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ.   On November 7, 2009, the first Take the Back the Night annual conference took place at Columbia University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.avoncompany.com/women/news/press20090709.html|title=Avon Foundation Newsroom|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109024249/http://www.avoncompany.com/women/news/press20090709.html|archivedate=2010-01-09|publisher=Avoncompany.com|date=2009-07-09|accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref> == Arụmụka na arụmụka == Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ Take Back the Night njem na-agba ụmụ nwoke ume isonye, ndị ọzọ ka na-ajụ ikwe ka ụmụ nwoke tinye aka n'okpuru nzọrọ nke ịmepụta oghere maka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ ekwuola na nke a na-eleghara mgba nke ndị nwoke a tara ahụhụ anya ma ghara inye ha ndị nwoke ihe nlereanya, yana na-egosi mkpa ọ dị 'ịweghachi n'abalị' site n'aka mmadụ nile, ọ bụghị nanị ndị na-eme ihe ike mmekọahụ. Nkwado maka inwe mkpokọta sara mbara nke ndị sonyere gụnyere ndị nwoke, ụmụ nwanyị na ndị transgender sitere n'ọtụtụ ndị nkọwa dị iche iche na mbipụta dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/05/27/robyn-urback-theo-fleurys-victor-walk-brings-the-silent-suffering-of-male-abuse-victims-into-the-open/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130629234923/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/05/27/robyn-urback-theo-fleurys-victor-walk-brings-the-silent-suffering-of-male-abuse-victims-into-the-open/|archivedate=2013-06-29|title=Theo Fleury's 'Victor Walk' brings the silent suffering of male abuse victims into the open|first=Robyn|author=Urback|work=[[National Post]]|date=2013-05-27|accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/09/23/urban-scrawl-toronto-march-ignores-male-sex-abuse-victims/|title=Urban Scrawl: Toronto march ignores male sex abuse victims|first=Robyn|author=Urback|work=[[National Post]]|date=2011-09-23|accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref><ref name="good">{{Cite web|url=http://magazine.good.is/articles/how-take-back-the-night-keeps-some-victims-silent|title=How 'Take Back the Night' Keeps Some Victims Silent|work=GOOD Magazine|accessdate=2015-04-08|archivedate=2016-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108150341/https://magazine.good.is/articles/how-take-back-the-night-keeps-some-victims-silent}}</ref> Ihe ndị ụfọdụ na-elekwasị anya n'ihe omume Take Back the Night banyere mwakpo mmekọahụ sitere n'aka ndị bịara abịa na enweghị elekwasị anya na mmeko nwoke n'ụbọchị, mmetọ ụmụaka, mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị nke nne na nna, na ụdị mmekpa ahụ ndị ọzọ adọtala nkatọ sitere n'aka ọtụtụ ndị na-akọwa nkọwa dị ka Megan Greenwell. nke Ezi Magazine. Greenwell ekwuputala na iji "ndina n'ike n'ike" nke ndị na-eso Take Back the Night, na-ezo aka na mwakpo mmekọahụ n'ihu ọha site n'aka ndị ọbịbịa dị ka ihe dị iche n'omume dị iche na ụdị mwakpo ndị ọzọ, bụ ihe na-adịghị mma na nke na-ezighị ezi. N'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, iwu nke ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ iji mee ka ihe omume Take Back the Night bụrụ iwu maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, na-amanye ha ịga n'agbanyeghị ma ha chọrọ ma ọ bụ na ha achọghị, abụrụla n'okpuru nkatọ site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị ihu abụọ na ndị na-emeri onwe ha. Mgbe esemokwu nke afọ 2015 na Virginia Tech pụtara ebe ihe omume iwu kwadoro mere ka ụfọdụ ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ n'ime ndị na-ege ntị chịa ọchị na akụkọ banyere mwakpo mmekọahụ, gbalịa ịpụ n'oge, ma ọ bụghị ya mebie usoro ahụ, 'Womanspace' Onye isi ala Malavika Sahai kwuru, "Ịkwado ka ndị mmadụ gaa ihe omume ahụ na-abanye n'ebe ahụ dị nchebe... [i]f ị chọghị ịnọ ebe ahụ, ị gaghị anọ ebe ahụ n'ezie".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.roanoke.com/news/education/higher_education/virginia_tech/virginia-tech-football-players-accused-of-hindering-safe-space-at/article_9881792c-44d5-5707-b361-377a95782186.html|title=Virginia Tech football players accused of hindering 'safe space' at Take Back the Night event|work=www.roanoke.com|date=April 2015|access-date=2024-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726223106/https://roanoke.com/news/education/higher_education/virginia_tech/virginia-tech-football-players-accused-of-hindering-safe-space-at/article_9881792c-44d5-5707-b361-377a95782186.html|archive-date=2020-07-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * [[Ọ dịghị Ndị A Na-eme Ihe Niile Ma Ọ bụ Ndị A Na Na-edo Nri]] * Nweghachi N'abalị * SlutWalk == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] N'oge anyị: Memoir of a Revolution ( ).  * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Akwụkwọ ozi sitere na mpaghara agha" ( ).  == Njikọ mpụga == * "Official Online Headquarters" maka Take Back the Night- Resources iji nyere aka na-agba ọsọ ihe omume TBTN, kalenda nke ihe omume TBTL. * N'afọ ndị 1970 na 1980, Women's Center dị na West Berlin na-agbakọta na Walpurgis Night (n'abalị tupu 1 Mee) iji cheta ogbugbu ụmụ nwanyị n'okporo ámá ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Second wave Feminists in West Berlin starting their Walpurgisnacht Demos in the 1970s.|url=https://feministberlin.de/gewalt/walpurgisnacht/}}</ref> N'afọ ndị 1990, ụmụ okorobịa jiri Walpurgis Night mee ihe maka ọgba aghara, nke dọtara ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta. Mgbe ahụ na 2023 e nwere ihe ngosi ọzọ "Weeghachi abalị" ugbu a ọ bụghị maka ụmụ nwanyị kama maka 意大利".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Frank|first=Marie|date=2023-05-01|title=Walpurgisnacht in Berlin: Gegen männlich dominierte Straßen|url=https://taz.de/!5928485/|accessdate=2024-04-16|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|language=de}}</ref> * WMST-L: Were Back the Night, 1 nke 2 (1995) na [http://research.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/takenite2.html 2 nke 2] E debere Wayback Machine (1997, 2001). * Take Back the Night - Ipswich, United Kingdom - (akụkọ banyere nzaghachi maka nyocha igbu ọchụ nke Ipswich na 2006) * [http://www.indybay.org/news/2006/05/1825722.php Wepụ N'abalị 2006 na UC Santa Cruz] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080326022238/http://www.cavalierdaily.com/CVArticle.asp?ID=8398&pid=718 Ireland na-ekwu okwu na Take Back the Night rally] (na-ekwu maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na rally na Mahadum Virginia) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040818092415/http://www.rapereliefshelter.bc.ca/herstory/rr_files85.html Ihe ndekọ enyemaka nke ndina n'ike: Were N'abalị - Vancouver Herstory] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250119015925/http://www.brightonfeministcollective.org.uk/events/reclaim-night-brighton-november-17-2012/ Nweghachi abalị - Brighton, UK] <references /> 0uned7uewh1ta7tbkhs75odp992uz83 Sabrina the Teenage Witch (ihe nkiri) 0 52931 743513 189911 2026-11-05T21:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743513 wikitext text/x-wiki Sabrina the Teenage Witch bụ ihe nkiri telivishọn America nke 1996 nke dabeere na usoro akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke otu aha ahụ sitere na Archie Comics . Ọ bịara tupu usoro telivishọn Sabrina the Teenage Witch ma gosipụta ya na Showtime na Eprel 7, 1996. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Williams|first=Cameron|title=Everything You Need To Know About Sabrina The Teenage Witch|url=https://junkee.com/chilling-adventures-sabrina-explainer/178610|work=Junkee|accessdate=11 March 2019|date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324091315/https://junkee.com/chilling-adventures-sabrina-explainer/178610|archive-date=24 March 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> Naanị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ ga-apụta na ihe nkiri na usoro telivishọn ga-abụ Melissa Joan Hart, onye onye nwere aha nna dị iche (Sawyer) site na akwụkwọ ya na onye ibe ya na telivisheneng (Spellman), na Michelle Beaudoin, onye mere ezigbo enyi Sabrina, aha ya bụ Marnie na ihe nkiri ahụ, a gbanwere aha ya Jenny maka usoro telivshọn ahụ. Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na, n'adịghị ka ihe nkiri ahụ, nke edobere n'obodo akụkọ ifo nke Greendale, na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn (nke dị n'otu obodo akụkọ ifo aha ya bụ Westbridge), ekwuru na ihe nkiri telivishọn na-eme na Riverdale. Nke a bụ aha mbụ ejiri mee ihe nkiri maka ụlọ Archie na ndị enyi ya. Ọ bụ ezie na e debere ya na United States, dị ka ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị na usoro telivishọn, a gbara ihe nkiri ahụ kpam kpam na British Columbia, Canada. == Atụmatụ == Ihe nkiri a gbadoro ụkwụ na Sabrina Sawyer, onye ezitere ka ya na nwanne nne ya nọ na Riverdale biri.  N'ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke 16 ya, Sabrina chọpụtara na ọ bụ amoosu.  Sabrina wee malite inwe mmasị na Seth, nwa nwoke kachasị mma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ onye na-akpa na Katie La More, ụlọ akwụkwọ "eze nwanyị bee aka pụtara nwa agbọghọ."  Sabrina ga-achọ ụzọ ọ ga-esi jiri ike anwansi ọ chọtara ọhụrụ iji mee ka Seth hụ ya, mana n'otu oge ahụ, ọ naghị atụba afa ịhụnanya, nke nwere ike ịdakwasị ya. Mgbe Katie hapụrụ Seth, ọ malitere ịhụ Sabrina. Sabrina nwere ike iji anwansi ya merie asọmpi egwu ma mee ka Seth gwa ya ka ọ gaa Spring Fling. Katie chọpụtara ihe nzuzo Sabrina ma malite ime ka onye ọ bụla mara ihe Sabrina bụ. Sabrina ga-eji anwansi ya mee ka Katie ghọọ poodle iji kwụsị ya mana o mechara gbanwee azụ ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Harvey nwere mmasị na Sabrina ma na-echere ịhụ ma ọ ga-agbanwe obi ya ma malite ịhụ ya. Akụkọ ahụ ji obi ụtọ mechie na Sabrina na Harvey ọnụ na ịgba egwú. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Melissa Joan Hart dị ka Sabrina Sawyer * Sherry Miller dị ka Nwanne nne Hilda * Charlene Fernetz dị ka Nwanne nne Zelda * Michelle Beaudoin dị ka Marnie Littlefield * Ryan Reynolds dị ka Seth<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remember that time Ryan Reynolds was in 'Sabrina the Teenage Witch'?|url=https://entertainment.ie/tv/tv-news/remember-that-time-ryan-reynolds-was-in-sabrina-the-teenage-witch-212881/|work=Entertainment.ie|date=12 February 2019|accessdate=11 March 2019}}</ref> * Tobias Mehler dị ka Harvey * Lalainia Lindbjerg dị ka Katie La More * Laura Harris dị ka Freddie * Kea Wong dị ka Fran * Jo Bates dị ka onye nkuzi * Janine Cox dị ka onye na-ere ahịa * Biski Gugushe dị ka Larry * Tyler Labine dị ka Mark * Jim Swansburg dị ka Maazị Dingle * Noel Geer dị ka Jeff * Brian Steele dị ka Salem Saberhagen (olu a na-akpọghị aha) == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|0117534|Sabrina the Teenage Witch}} {{Sabrina the Teenage Witch}} 458h94r9a8nzxngk6901u1a5783f90n Rhoda Arrindell 0 53150 743494 190229 2026-11-05T18:51:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743494 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rhoda Arrindell''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ [[Sint Maarten]]">Sint Maartener na onye na-akwado nnwere onwe nke Sint Maarten. St. Maarten bụ ókèala nke Netherlands na Caribbean . == Akụkọ ndụ == Arrindell nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na Mahadum Syracuse, Master's in Education Administration na Mahadum nke Virgin Islands, na nzere tupu iwu na Mahadum nke Netherlands Antilles. Ọ gụrụ maka PhD ya na Mahadum Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About the authors: Rhoda Arrindell|url=http://houseofnehesipublish.com/sxm/about-the-authors/|accessdate=17 March 2022|work=House of Nehesi Publishers}}</ref> Arrindell bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke House of Nehesi Publishers, na-enye aka n'ọtụtụ ihe odide gụnyere Ebe m na-ahụ The Sun - Contemporary Poetry na Anguilla, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 43 ndị na-ede uri Anguillan. Ọzọkwa, o dere ọtụtụ isiakwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ nke ọmụmụ asụsụ nke Nicholas Faraclas.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=5 June 2015|title=Rhoda Arrindell, invited author at Anguilla Literary Festival 2015|work=MNI Alive|url=https://www.mnialive.com/articles/rhoda-arrindell-invited-author-at-anguilla-literary-festival-2015|accessdate=17 March 2022}}</ref> Akwụkwọ mbụ Arrindell, Language, Culture, and Identity in St. Martin bụ nke House of Nehesi Publishers bipụtara n'afọ 2014. N'ịdabere na nyocha PhD ya, ọ na-atụle ụzọ pụrụ iche na, n'echiche ya, nke na-emerụ ahụ nke a na-ele asụsụ anya na St. Maarten. Arrindell na-arụ ụka na n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị St. Maarteners enweghị nchebe n'asụsụ ha, njirimara obodo ahụ enweghịkwa nchebe. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-ekwu na njide ihe atụ sitere n'àgwàetiti ahụ dị ka ókèala Dutch dị ka ọkọlọtọ ya, ukwe ya na ọchịchị ya dugara n'ichekwa usoro ọchịchị na echiche ochie.[1][2] Na 2015, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ kwuo okwu dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na 4th kwa afọ Anguilla Literary Festival banyere akwụkwọ o wepụtara na nso nso a Mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ya, Arrindell tinyere aka n'ịkwado nnwere onwe nke Sint Maarten site na Netherlands. N'afọ 2016, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Independence maka St Martin Foundation. Na Septemba 2 nke afọ ahụ, ọ gwara Central Committee of Parliament okwu n'aha ntọala ahụ ka ọ kpọọ maka ntuli aka maka nnwere onwe St. Maarten ma rịọ ka e weghachite ya na ndepụta United Nations nke mpaghara ndị na-adịghị achị onwe ha. <ref>{{Cite news|date=7 September 2016|title=St Maarten Government MPs Support Call For A Referendum On Independence|work=Curacao Chronicle|url=http://curacaochronicle.com/region/st-maarten-government-mps-support-call-for-a-referendum-on-independence/|accessdate=18 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810151723/http://curacaochronicle.com/region/st-maarten-government-mps-support-call-for-a-referendum-on-independence/|archive-date=10 August 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, n'aha otu otu SXM Association, o zigara otu mkpebi na ndị omeiwu ma rịọ ọzọ ka ndị omeiwu mee ntuli aka nke na-ajụ: "Independence for St. Maarten: Ee ma ọ bụ Mba?" <ref>{{Cite news|date=2 March 2022|title=One SXM Association calls for consultative referendum on independence in two years|work=The Daily Herald|url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/one-sxm-association-calls-for-consultative-referendum-on-independence-in-two-years|accessdate=18 March 2022}}</ref> Na Disemba 2022, dị ka onye isi otu SXM Association, Dr. Arrindell mere akụkọ mba ụwa mgbe ọ pụtara na CNN iji kparịta njụta otu SXM nke Netherlands "mgbaghara" maka ịgba ohu na-enweghị nkwụghachi ụgwọ. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ko9uigfzmb4mzblcgfwktp01bfjmh3t Rangers International F.C. 0 53653 743487 655141 2026-11-05T17:32:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rangers International Football Club''', nke a na-akpọkarị '''Enugu Rangers''', bụ otu [[footbọl|egwuregwu bọọlụ]] ọkachamara nke [[Naijiria]] hibere na 1970. N'[[Enụgwụ]], ndị Rangers na-egwu egwuregwu ụlọ ha [[:en: Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium|n'ama egwuregwu Nnamdi Azikiwe]] nke a makwaara dị ''The Cathedral''. Enugu Rangers bụ otu n'ime klọb atọ kacha ochie na Nigeria na naanị otu ọgbakọ Naịjirịa na-agbapụbeghị na Premier League nke Nigeria.<ref name="espn">{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria/story/3165318/enugu-rangers-the-journey-to-ignominy|title=Enugu Rangers: The journey to ignominy|website=Espn.com|date=26 July 2017 |access-date=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> ==Akụkọ ihe mere eme== ===Afọ mbụ=== Emebere Enugu Rangers n'afọ 1970 obere oge ka [[Nigerian Civil War|agha obodo Naijiria]] gachara, ha meriri asọmpi haziri nke mba na 1970 nke nyere ha ohere iru eru maka asọmpi [[:en:1971 African Cup of Champions Clubs|1971 African Cup of Champions Clubs]] ebe ha meriri na nkeji iri na ise 3-0 na mkpokọta [[:en:ASEC Mimosas|ASEC Mimosas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asec.ci/fr/2016/06/15/lhistorique_du_parcours_de_lasec/|publisher=ASEC Mimosas|title=L'Historique du Parcours de l'ASEC|access-date=2018-10-27|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905135503/http://www.asec.ci/fr/2016/06/15/lhistorique_du_parcours_de_lasec/|language=fr|accessdate=2024-10-17|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905135503/http://www.asec.ci/fr/2016/06/15/lhistorique_du_parcours_de_lasec/}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ha nweta mmeri n'ụlọ na iko FA nke Nigeria, mana 2-1 ikpeazụ meriri [[:en:Shooting Stars F.C.|Shooting Stars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/aiteo-cup-final-7-memorable-1970s-1980s-1990s-fa-cup-finals/|title=Aiteo Cup Final: 7 Memorable 1970s, 1980s, 1990s Cup Finals|date=24 October 2017|language=en|accessdate=17 October 2024|archivedate=31 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131022047/https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/aiteo-cup-final-7-memorable-1970s-1980s-1990s-fa-cup-finals/}}</ref> N'afọ 1974, Enugu Rangers meriri asọmpi ime ụlọ abụọ mana e meriri ha site n'otu ụlọakụ [[Guinea]], [[:en:Hafia F.C.|Hafia]] n'oge ikpeazụ.<ref name="completesports"/><ref name="vanguardngr_201410">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/life-death-two-rangers-legends-remain-inseparable/ |title=In life, in death; two Rangers legends remain inseparable |date=3 October 2014 |website=Vanguardgr.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 October 2018 |title=The Return of Enugu Rangers |date=5 October 2016 |last=Ekwowusi |first=Sonnie |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20161005/281603829967990|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ [[:en:1977 African Cup Winners Cup|1977]], Rangers meriri otu iko kọntinent ha nke mbụ na nke naanị ya, wee merie [[:en:Canon Yaounde|Canon Yaounde]] nke [[Cameroon]] 5–2 na mkpokọta n'ikpeazụ.<ref name="vanguardngr_201707">{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/rangers-intl-football-club4-first-international-trophy/|title=Rangers Int'l Football Club(4): First international trophy – Vanguard News Nigeria|date=14 July 2017|website=Vanguardngr.com|access-date=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/the-return-of-rangers-international-fc/|title=The return of Rangers International FC – The Sun Nigeria|date=21 September 2016|website=Sunnewsonline.com|access-date=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://uncova.com/igbo-vs-yoruba-the-clash-of-the-brothers-1977-by-remigius-akinbinu-must-read|title=Igbo vs Yoruba: The Clash Of The Brothers 1977, By Remigius Akinbinu [MUST READ]|website=Uncova.com|date=4 January 2017 |access-date=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> N'ime oge a, Rangers turu ọnụ ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu mba Nigeria dịka [[:en:Christian Chukwu|Christian Chukwu]], onye nche goolu [[:en:Emmanuel Okala|Emmanuel Okala]] na [[Aloysius Atuegbu]].<ref name="auto"/> Onye bụbu onye ọkpụkpọ Christian Chukwu duru ha na 1983 wee nweta iko Nigeria, merie DIC Bees nke [[Kaduna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.busybuddiesng.com/enugu-rangers-rewrite-history-in-unprecedented-fashion/|title=Enugu Rangers Rewrite History in Unprecedented Fashion – Busy Buddies|website=Busybuddiesng.com|date=25 October 2018|access-date=17 October 2024|language=en|accessdate=17 October 2024|archivedate=27 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027102842/https://www.busybuddiesng.com/enugu-rangers-rewrite-history-in-unprecedented-fashion/}}</ref><ref name="completesports">{{cite web|url=https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/51628-2/|title=Chukwu: Rangers Have Brought Glory To Entire South Eastern Nigeria – Complete Sports Nigeria|date=28 September 2016|website=Completesportsnigeria.com|access-date=17 October 2024|language=en|accessdate=17 October 2024|archivedate=30 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930005919/http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/51628-2/}}</ref> Rangers meriri aha nke isii ha na 1984 na ọtụtụ ndị egwu duru Nigeria gaa na [[:en:1980 African Cup of Nations.[18][19] Louis Igwilo bụ onyeisi ndị otu ahụ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/rangers-victory-answers-sayamas-question-36-years/|title=Rangers' victory answers Sayama's question 36 years on|date=21 October 2016 |publisher=Vanguard Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4079/features/2016/10/04/28153742/npfl-triumph-what-next-for-enugu-rangers|website=Goal.com|title=NPFL Triumph-What next for Enugu Rangers|accessdate=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> ===[[:en:21st century|narị afọ nke 21]]=== Rangers tolitere na tebụl ka oge 2001 gasịrị mana ha gwụchara n'okpuru otu egwuregwu asọmpi otu anọ. Na 2004, ha ruru eru maka otu ogbo nke [[:en:2004 CAF Confederation Cup|2004 CAF Confederation Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CAF Dismiss Enugu Rangers' Protest |date=30 November 2001 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/rumor/CAF-Dismiss-Enugu-Rangers-Protest-70242 |access-date=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> Enugu Rangers malitere afọ iri na abụọ n'ọsọ mmeri n'obere iko, iko FA nke ime obodo, bụ nke ha na-emeri kwa afọ site na 2005 ruo 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/crime-busters-win-state-fa-cup-break-enugu-rangers-12-year-dominance/ |title=Crime Busters win state FA cup, break Enugu Rangers 12-year dominance – the Eagle Online |access-date=2024-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027102910/https://theeagleonline.com.ng/crime-busters-win-state-fa-cup-break-enugu-rangers-12-year-dominance/ |archive-date=2018-10-27 |language=en }}</ref> Mgbe oge 2015 nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ha agbadata, Enugwu meriri [[:en:2016 Nigeria Premier League|2016 Nigeria Premier League]], asọmpi mbụ ha kemgbe 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/09/25/27876042/enugu-rangers-win-nigeria-professional-football-league-title|title=Enugu Rangers win Nigeria Professional Football League title as Rivers United and Wikki Tourists slip up - Goal.com|website=Goal.com|access-date=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ha meriri [[:en: El-Kanemi Warriors|El-Kanemi Warriors]] 4–0 n'ụbọchị egwuregwu ikpeazụ iji nweta asọmpi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/npfl-rivers-utd-will-fight-till-end-says-captain-id5543377.html|title=NPFL: Rivers Utd will fight till end, says Captain|website=Pulse.ng|date=28 September 2016|access-date=17 October 2024|archive-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621154835/https://www.pulsesports.ng/|url-status=dead|language=en|accessdate=17 October 2024|archivedate=21 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621154835/https://www.pulsesports.ng/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/02/enugu-rangers-win-first-football-league-title-in-32-years/|title=Enugu Rangers Win First Football League Title in 32 Years • Channels Television|date=2 October 2016|website=Channelstv.com|access-date=17 October 2024|archive-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621154937/https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/02/enugu-rangers-win-first-football-league-title-in-32-years/|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> 2017 hụrụ Enugu Rangers mgba, na-adaba na relegation zone na ọkara nke oge.<ref name="espn"/> Ha gbakere, gụchara nke iri na anọ ma na-edobe ndekọ ha na ọ dịghị mgbe a chụpụrụ ha n'ọkwa kacha elu. Klọb ahụ gara n'ihu imeri iko Nigeria mbụ ha n'ime afọ 35 na 2018. Rangers tụrụ Kano Pillars n'anya, na-alọta site na enweghị 3–0 iji nweta iko a na penariti.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/rangers-rise-from-0-3-down-to-beat-kano-pillars-in-aiteo-cup-final/ |title=Rangers rise from 0–3 down to beat Kano Pillars |last=Akpodonor |first=Gowon |access-date=17 October 2024 |date=25 October 2018|language=en}}</ref> Rangers egwuri egwu n'oge ikpeazụ site na 1987 ruo 2007, na-emerighị otu ugboro.<ref name="espn"/> N'ime oge 2024 NPFL, egwuregwu otu egwuregwu dị n'etiti Rangers na ndị na-asọ mpi [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] hụrụ mmadụ 44,000 bịara n'ọgbọ [[:en:Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium|ama egwuregwu Nnamdi Azikiwe]], egwuregwu kacha aga na NPFL n'oge egwuregwu bọọlụ ahụ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://leadership.ng/npfl-turnout-at-rangers-vs-enyimba-game-excites-football-enthusiasts|title=NPFL: Turnout at Rangers vs Enyimba games excites football enthusiasts|work=leadership.ng|accessdate=17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> Na 16th June 2024 n'okpuru nchịkwa Fidelis Ilechukwu, Rangers meriri aha asọmpi [[:en:2023–24 Nigeria Premier Football League|NPFL 2023/2024]] ka ha meriri [[:en:Bendel Insurance|Bendel Insurance]] site na 2-0 na egwuregwu ha ga-egwu, nke a gbatịpụrụ mmeri asọmpi ha ruo asatọ..<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=2024-06-16|title=Enugu Rangers beat Bendel Insurance to win eight NPFL title|url=https://guardian.ng/enugu-rangers-beat-bendel-insurance-to-win-eighth-npfl-title/|language=en-US|access-date=2024-10-17|archive-date=2024-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621155447/https://guardian.ng/enugu-rangers-beat-bendel-insurance-to-win-eighth-npfl-title/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria na-eji obi ụtọ na-echeta ikiri Enugu Rangers na-egwu egwu n'afọ 1970 na 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Afolabi |first1=Kamil |last2=admin |date=2020-04-30 |title=The Lunch Hour - Kanayo Awani, Managing Director, Intra-African Trade Initiative at Afreximbank |url=https://arbiterz.com/the-lunch-hour-kanayo-awani-managing-director-intra-african-trade-initiative-at-afreximbank/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Arbiterz |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621155346/https://arbiterz.com/the-lunch-hour-kanayo-awani-managing-director-intra-african-trade-initiative-at-afreximbank/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Asọmpi== [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] na Rangers na-asọ mpi na '''Oriental derby'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/npfl-rangers-enyimba-clash-oriental-derby-mfm-host-heartland/|title=NPFL: Rangers, Enyimba Clash In Oriental Derby; MFM Host Heartland – Complete Sports Nigeria|date=10 March 2018|website=Completesportnigeria.com|access-date=15 November 2018|archive-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027101446/https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/npfl-rangers-enyimba-clash-oriental-derby-mfm-host-heartland/|url-status=dead|language=en|accessdate=17 October 2024|archivedate=27 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027101446/https://www.completesportsnigeria.com/npfl-rangers-enyimba-clash-oriental-derby-mfm-host-heartland/}}</ref> ==Ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ ama ama== *{{flagicon|Nigeria}}[[:en:Christian Chukwu|Christian Chukwu]] *{{flagicon|Nigeria}}[[:en:Augustine Okocha|Jay-Jay Okocha]] *{{flagicon|Nigeria}}[[:en:Emmanuel Okala|Emmanuel Okala]] *{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Adokiye Amiesimaka]] ==Iko ha meriri== *'''[[:en:Nigeria Premier League|Nigeria Premier Football League]]: 9''' **'''Meriri:''' 1974, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1984, [[:en:2016 Nigeria Professional Football League|2016]], [[:en:2023–24 Nigeria Premier Football League|2024]], 2026 *'''[[:en:Nigerian FA Cup|FA Cup]]: 6''' **'''Meriri:''' 1974, 1975, 1976, 1981, 1983, [[:en:2018 Nigeria Federation Cup|2018]] *'''[[:en:Nigerian Super Cup|Nigerian Super Cup]]: 1''' **'''Meriri:''' 2004 *'''[[:en:African Cup Winners' Cup|Cup Winners Cup]]: 1''' **'''Meriri:''' [[:en:1977 African Cup Winners' Cup|1977]] ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} mwlfoikgsoqqmy7h8oqt1w7843b3nmd Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno 0 53913 743548 742186 2026-11-06T02:30:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Stellah Wairimu Bosire''', bụ dọkịta Kenya, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ, onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye edemede, onye bụbu onye na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ nke Uhai Eashri ma bụrụ onye isi ọrụ nke ''Kenya Medical Association'' na dịka osote onye isi oche nke HIV na AIDS. Ụlọ ikpe nke Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/uhaieashri/docs/board_communication_cr|title=Uhai Eashri Board update July 2022 by UHAI Communications|work=Issuu|date=30 September 2022}}</ref> == Nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ ya wee tolite na Kibera, bụ mkpọmkpọ ebe kacha na Nairobi, isi obodo Kenya na obodo kacha ukwuu. Stellah bụ nwa akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Kibera mana ọ nọdụrụ ala maka Asambodo Mmụta Primarị nke Kenya na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Joseph Kang'ethe. O nwere ihe ịma aka nwata ebe ọ nọrọla akụkụ ka mma nke ndụ ya dị ka nwatakịrị na-enweghị ebe obibi na-ekpughere ya mmebi iwu dị iche iche gụnyere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ nke ọ bụ onye lanarịrịnụ. Ọgwụ ọjọọ na mmanya riri ya ahụ́ mgbe ọ ka na-eto eto. Nne Stellah nwere schizophrenia, ya mere ọ chọrọ enyemaka dị nso n'aka ụmụ ya. Nne ya nwụrụ site na nje HIV / AIDS metụtara nsogbu na 2011. <ref name="Data">{{Cite web|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|date=2017|title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya|accessdate=23 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152014/http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2017|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true"> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nairobi: [[Otu Mgbasa Ozi Mba|Nation Media Group]]. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ dabara nke ọma ịbanye na "State House Girls High School", na Nairobi maka agụmakwụkwọ O-Level ya, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2003. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ A-Level ya, a nabatara ya na Mahadum Nairobi ka ọ mụọ ọgwụ mmadụ, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2012 na Bachelor of Medicine na Bachelor of Surgery degree. O mechara nweta nzere Master of Science in Global Health Policy, na Mahadum London International Programs, na 2017. Ọ na-ejidekwa mmemme nzere [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|Master of Business Administration]] na Strathmore Business School, yana dịka nke 2017, edebanye aha ya maka nzere bachelọ iwu, nzere na Mahadum Nairobi. Ọ na-ejidekwa diploma na Health Reproductive, nwetara site na [https://www.gfmer.ch/ Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research], na 2016. <ref name="Data"/> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|date=23 November 2017|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-stellah-wairimu-bosire-otieno-3a18273b/|title=Dr. Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno: Chief Executive Officer, Kenya Medical Association|accessdate=23 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|author=Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFStellah_Wairimu_Bosire-Otieno2017">Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno (23 November 2017). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-stellah-wairimu-bosire-otieno-3a18273b/ "Dr. Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno: Chief Executive Officer, Kenya Medical Association"]. [[LinkedIn]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> == Ahụmịhe ọrụ == Dr. Stellah Bosire bụ ọkachamara ahụike nke nwere ahụmahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na nke ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị mba ọzọ, ndị na-enye onyinye onwe ha, na òtù ndị ọzọ na-enyocha ma na-atụle mmemme ahụike ọha na eze, na-eduzi nchọpụta ọrịa na ọrịa; na-atụle mmetụta nke usoro ọhụrụ maka igbochi ọrịa, ọgwụgwọ na mbelata; na akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe omume, ịdị irè, na atụmatụ mmepe. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web|url=https://uhai-eashri.org/about-us/|title=About Uhai Eashri: Who We Are|publisher=Uhai Eashri|date=1 March 2021|accessdate=1 March 2021|archivedate=22 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122073933/https://uhai-eashri.org/about-us/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Nairobi: Uhai Eashri. 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> O nwere ahụmịhe siri ike na ntinye ego na njikwa anaghị akwụ ụgwọ; Ahụmahụ pụtara ìhè na-eduga mgbanwe na uto nhazi nke ọma site na atụmatụ atụmatụ; ihe ọmụma pụrụ iche nke onye ndu ndị ọrụ, ịkpakọta ego, mmepe mmekọrịta, na njikwa ego; Ọmụma nke ọma banyere nsogbu ndị obodo na-adịghị ike chere ihu; Ọkachamara n'idu na inyere otu ndị ọrụ aka; Ikike imepụta na mejuputa mmemme nnabata ego dị irè; Ikike inye nkwado ikpe, jikọọ ndị na-enye onyinye na ịkwado inye ihe. <ref name="1R"/> Dịka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, ọ bụ ọkachamara na mmepe nhazi na njikwa dabere na nsonaazụ ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, gọọmentị mba dị iche iche, ndị ọrụ enyemaka ọha na nke onwe, INGO, CBOs, na gọọmentị iji wulite ikike n'ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ikike ụmụ nwanyị yana ndị ọzọ a kpagburu. obodo. Ọ na-eme nyocha nke nwoke na nwanyị, na-enyocha site na ọkwa dị elu (obere ọkwa), ọkwa etiti (ogo Meso), ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kachasị elu (macro-level), na mpaghara niile na mmemme nke mmekorita mmepe. O tinyekwala aka n'ịme nkọwa amụma, nyocha, nyocha ọrụ, na ọmụmụ nyocha, na nyocha ntọala na mpaghara ndị a; Mmekọahụ na ikike ịmụ nwa (SRHR); HIV; TB; Ikike mmadụ; Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ; Ahụike Ọha; Ọzụzụ na okike bụ isiokwu na-agafe agafe. <ref name="ResR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017-05-13-most-kids-wake-up-early-for-school-miss-breakfast/|title=Most kids wake up early for school, miss breakfast|date=13 May 2017|author=John Muchangi|accessdate=2 March 2021}}</ref> Na mbụ, mgbe ọ gụchara ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Gọọmenti Kenya otu afọ tupu ọ kwaga ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe. Ọ bụ Avenue Healthcare were ya n'ọrụ, netwọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ngwa ngwa, dịka onye njikwa dibịa na-ewere ọchịchị nke alaka dị iche iche. Kemgbe Septemba 2013, Dr. Bosire-Otieno abụrụla osote onye isi oche nke Ụlọikpe HIV/AIDS nke Kenya. N'ọrụ a, ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ikike mmadụ na ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi maka ndị [[HIV/AIDS|nje HIV / AIDS]] metụtara ma butere ya. Na 2016, ọ hapụrụ Avenue Healthcare ka ọ tinye aka na amụma nlekọta ahụike ọha na Kenya site n'iwere ọrụ nke onye isi nchịkwa nke Association Medical Kenya. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa na odeakwụkwọ nke Board of Kenya Medical Association, nkwado ụlọ ọrụ na otu ndụmọdụ. <ref name="Data"/> <ref name="Bio"/> Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a na Council Advisory Council maka [[ICS Africa|CFK Africa]], otu NGO na-eduga na-arụ ọrụ na ebe obibi ndị Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Our Team {{!}} Staff, Board, and Advisory Council|url=https://cfkafrica.org/our-team/|accessdate=2023-08-22|work=CFK Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Bosire bụ ruo Julaị 2022 otu n'ime ndị isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka UHAI EASHRI. == Edere akụkọ == 1. Ụgwọ ụlọ ọgwụ, njide na ugwu na ahụike, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202212270220.html|title=Africa: Hospital Debt, Detention and Dignity in Health|first=Dr Stellah|author=Bosire|work=Allafrica.com|date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619144853/https://allafrica.com/stories/202212270220.html|archive-date=19 June 2024|access-date=21 October 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2. Nyocha TB na Gender; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis: A Gender Assessment in Kenya|url=https://stoptb.org/assets/documents/communities/CRG/TB%20Gender%20Assessment%20Kenya.pdf|work=stoptb.org|accessdate=March 10, 2023}}</ref> 3. Gbaa ụmụ agbọghọ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa iji chebe ha pụọ na ọrịa kansa cervical; <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/culture/dr-bosire-ezekiel-mutua-s-woes-were-painfully-predictable--3506260|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=Ezekiel Mutua's woes were painfully predictable|date=10 August 2021|work=Nation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosire2021">Bosire, Stellah (10 August 2021). [https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/culture/dr-bosire-ezekiel-mutua-s-woes-were-painfully-predictable--3506260 "Ezekiel Mutua's woes were painfully predictable"]. ''Nation''.</cite></ref> 4. Ihe nkuzi maka Kenya sitere na omume US na nkwupụta nkwenye Geneva; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/wellness/bosire-saoyo-lessons-for-kenya-from-us-actions-on-geneva-consensus-declaration-3289814|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=Lessons for Kenya from US actions on Geneva Consensus Declaration|date=13 February 2021|work=Nation}}</ref> 5. Ọkpụkpụ na ngalaba ahụike; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/wellness/dr-bosire-the-skeletons-in-the-medical-field--3441580|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=The skeletons in the medical field|date=18 June 2021|work=Nation}}</ref> 6. Anyị na-ata ụta maka ọgba aghara ụlọ akwụkwọ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/family/bosire-and-muthuri-we-are-partly-to-blame-for-school-unrest-3618882|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|title=We are partly to blame for school unrest|date=14 November 2021|work=Nation}}</ref> 7. Inye aka na-ekere òkè, anyị nwere ike ghara ime ya? <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201803230189.html|title=Participatory grant-making, can we afford not to do it?}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosire">Bosire, Stellah. [https://allafrica.com/stories/201803230189.html "Participatory grant-making, can we afford not to do it?"].</cite></ref> 8. Iwu mgbochi nwoke na nwanyị idina nwoke na-egbochi anyị inweta mkpuchi ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ; <ref name="auto"/> 9. Na-ama ihe ngwọta kuki-cutter aka maka enyemaka enyemaka; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alliancemagazine.org/blog/challenging-the-cookie-cutter-solutions-to-philanthropy/|title=Challenging the cookie cutter solutions to philanthropy - Alliance magazine|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|date=23 February 2019}}</ref> 10. Ihe Justice Kavanaugh pụtara maka Kenya: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://msmagazine.com/2018/10/23/kavanaugh-means-kenya/|title=What Kavanaugh Means for Kenya|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|date=23 October 2018}}</ref> 11. LGBTIQ+ ahụ ike bụ banyere ụzọ karịa mmekọahụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brightthemag.com/lgbtq-healthcare-is-about-way-more-than-sex-cefcc5bf3806|title=LGBTQ+ Healthcare Is About Way More Than Sex|date=19 June 2019|work=Medium|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|accessdate=21 October 2024|archivedate=8 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608095928/https://brightthemag.com/lgbtq-healthcare-is-about-way-more-than-sex-cefcc5bf3806}}</ref> 12. Olee otú mmekọahụ pests pụọ na igbu ọchụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001277389/how-sex-pests-easily-get-away-with-murder|title=How sex pests easily get away with murder|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|work=The Standard}}</ref> 13. Ahụhụ Mutua Ezikiel bụ nke a na-atụ n'anya nke ukwuu; <ref name="auto1"/> 14. Nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị Africa: <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/08/equality-for-african-women|title=Equality for African women|date=8 March 2019|work=The Guardian|first=Stellah|author=Bosire}}</ref> 15. Na-ebute ụzọ na ikike mmadụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theelders.org/news/taking-lead-human-rights|title=Taking the lead on Human Rights|work=theelders.org|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|date=2 November 2018}}</ref> 16. Ndị na-eme ihe ike n'ihu ihu nha anya nwoke na nwanyị; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.one.org/us/blog/open-letter-cosigners-2019/|title=These powerful activists are at the frontlines of gender equality|date=8 March 2019|work=One|first=Stellah|author=Bosire|accessdate=21 October 2024|archivedate=3 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603175512/https://www.one.org/us/blog/open-letter-cosigners-2019/}}</ref> 17. Ụdị agbụrụ dị iche iche na ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://matahari.global/insight/racial-diversity-in-global-health-initiative-announces-advisory-committee/|title=Racial Diversity in Global Health Initiative Announces Advisory Committee – Matahari Global Solutions|first=Stellah|author=Bosire}}</ref> == Echiche ndị ọzọ == N'afọ 2017, a kpọrọ ya aha n'etiti "Ụmụ nwanyị 40 kacha elu n'okpuru afọ 40 na Kenya", nke Business Daily Africa, akwụkwọ akụkọ azụmahịa na-asụ Bekee kwa ụbọchị. <ref name="Data"/> <ref name="AlumR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.strathmore.edu/news/sbs-students-and-alumnae-among-top-40-under-40-women/|title=SBS Students and Alumnae Among Top 40 Under 40 Women|date=2017|publisher=[[Strathmore University]]|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=1 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201124845/https://strathmore.edu/news/sbs-students-and-alumnae-among-top-40-under-40-women/}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya aha dị ka onye nnata nke Award International Leadership Award Accountability. Ihe nrite a, nke Accountability International na-enye kwa afọ, “bụ n'obi ka ewepụtara ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ pụrụiche n'ịkwalite aza ajụjụ na nzaghachi mba ụwa maka ikike mmadụ na mmepe na-adigide”. <ref name="AcctR">{{Cite news|work=Accountability International|url=https://accountability.international/about-us/aila/|title=Accountability International Leadership Award: 2019 Honouree, Dr Stella Bosire|date=September 2020|accessdate=24 September 2020}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Queen nke England nyere ya onyinye Commonwealth Point of Light Award 2019. <ref name="Pol2019R">{{Cite web|date=2019|url=https://www.pointsoflight.gov.uk/dr-stellah-bosire-foundation-kenya/|title=Dr Stellah Bosire Foundation Kenya: Commonwealth Point of Light 119. Stellah Bosire|publisher=UK Points of Light|accessdate=2 March 2021|archivedate=10 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210190120/https://www.pointsoflight.gov.uk/dr-stellah-bosire-foundation-kenya/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}}  == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.kma.co.ke/ Weebụsaịtị nke Kenya Medical Association] * [https://issuu.com/uhaieashri/docs/board_communication_cr Ọkwa UHAI EASHRI] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a6sarfula5rs55awkvhnc3njs3n5hql Ruahei Demant 0 54076 743507 723502 2026-11-05T20:46:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Devon Ruahei Demant''' MNZM (amụrụ 21 Eprel 1995) bụ onye ọkpọ egwuregwu rugby New Zealand. O mere mpụta mbụ ya maka otu ụmụ nwanyị mba New Zealand, Black Ferns, megide [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na 2018. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Caldwell|first=Olivia|date=11 August 2018|title=Sister duo Ruahei and Kiritapu Demant to make their mark for the Black Ferns|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106120807/black-ferns-sister-duo-to-play-together|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=16 August 2018|title=Preview: Black Ferns v Wallaroos first Test|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/preview-black-ferns-v-wallaroos-first-test/|work=All Blacks|publisher=New Zealand Rugby|accessdate=25 January 2022|archivedate=27 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227044648/https://www.allblacks.com/news/preview-black-ferns-v-wallaroos-first-test/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=16 August 2018|title=Rugby: Five debutants named in Black Ferns squad to face Wallaroos|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/sport/2018/08/rugby-five-debutants-named-in-black-ferns-squad-to-face-wallaroos.html|work=Newshub|accessdate=25 January 2022|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125183752/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/sport/2018/08/rugby-five-debutants-named-in-black-ferns-squad-to-face-wallaroos.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Utility azụ, Demant na-egwu dị ka nke mbụ ise na asatọ, nke abụọ ise na asatọ ma ọ bụ etiti . <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 November 2021|title=Player profile: Ruahei Demant|url=https://www.allblacks.com/playerprofiles/ruahei-demant/|work=All Blacks|publisher=New Zealand Rugby|accessdate=26 January 2022}}</ref> Akpọrọ ya aha 2022 World Rugby Player nke afọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2022|title=Josh van der Flier and Ruaheu Demant named players of the year|url=https://www.rugbyworld.com/news/josh-van-der-flier-wins-mens-player-of-the-year-148080|work=Rugby World|accessdate=21 November 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> Demant bụ onye na-achịkọta ndị otu Black Ferns ndị meriri iko mba ụwa Rugby 2021 . == Ndụ mbido == Ruahei Devon Demant mụrụ na 21 Eprel 1995. <ref name="stats">{{Cite web|author=Julian|first=Adam|title=Ruahei Demant #196|url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile_bf.asp?BFID=5199|work=All Blacks|publisher=New Zealand Rugby|accessdate=10 May 2023}}</ref> Dịka amuru ya n'ụbọchị Team New Zealand meriri 1995 Louis Vuitton Cup ọ nwetara aha otutu Lu. <ref name="Pearson1">{{Cite web|author=Pearson|first=Joseph|date=28 October 2022|title=How Ruahei Demant made the Black Ferns after upbringing in remote Ōmāio|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/rugby-world-cup/130306337/how-ruahei-demant-made-the-black-ferns-after-upbringing-in-remote-mio|work=Stuff|accessdate=3 May 2023}}</ref> Nna ya bụ onye na-akụ azụ̀ kray azụmahịa. O nwere ụmụnne ise, n'ime ha bụ ụmụnne Erina na Kiritapu. Ọ nọrọ oge ọ bụ nwata na obere mpaghara ụsọ osimiri nke Ọmāio, na mpaghara a maara dị ka Little Awanui, na ọwụwa anyanwụ Bay of Plenty. <ref name="Pearson1" /> <ref name="Julian1">{{Cite web|author=Julian|first=Adam|title=From the wops of LA to the World Cup final|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/lockerroom/from-the-wops-of-la-to-the-world-cup-final|work=Newsroom|accessdate=16 May 2023}}</ref> Demant na nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta Kiritapu tolitere soro ụmụ nwoke na-agba bọl n'ihi na enweghị otu ụmụ agbọghọ na mpaghara. Ha gbakwara bọọlụ netball, basketball, hockey, metụ rugby na egwuregwu rugby. Demant na ụmụnne ya tolitere na-asụ Māori dị ka asụsụ mbụ ha n'ụlọ. Ha buru ụzọ gaa Tokamaii Kohanga Reo, tupu ha aga ụlọ akwụkwọ Te Kura Mana Maori o Maraenui, na nso Opotoki, ebe nkuzi niile dị na Maori. <ref name="LM1">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=1 November 2010|title=Ruahei Demant|url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/local-folk/local-folk-ruahei-demant/|work=Local Matters|accessdate=3 May 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Julian1"/> Na 2007 obere oge tupu ya 12th ụbọchị ọmụmụ <ref name="Pearson1"/> nne na nna ya rere oke crayfish ha ma kwaga ezinụlọ n'ebe ugwu gaa Leigh dị nso na Warkworth ebe Demant gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Christian Mahurangi na Snells Beach, nke nyeere ya aka na mgbanwe site na te reo gaa na Bekee. usoro nkuzi. <ref name="LM1"/> N'ebe a, e mere ya onye isi afọ 8. <ref name="Julian1"/> Ọ gara n'ihu gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahurangi College dị na Warkworth, ebe n'afọ 2013 ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Na 2010 Ngā Manu Kōrero National Sekondry Speech Contest 15 afọ Demant gụchara nke abụọ n'ozuzu na nke junior ngalaba na e nyere Dame Whina Cooper Trophy maka kacha mma arụmọrụ site na nwa agbọghọ na obere ngalaba. <ref name="LM1" /> <ref name="Julian1" /> Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Demant kwagara Auckland ka ọ mụọ iwu na Mahadum Auckland. == Ọrụ Rugby == N'ịbụ ndị nne ha Vikki gbara ume, Demant na nwanne ya nwanyị Kiritapu gbara rugby aka maka Mahurangi, Harbour, Sharks na asọmpi Whangteau. Ọ bụ onye bụbu All Black Glen Osborne na nwunye ya Kylee nyere ọzụzụ ọzụzụ. <ref name="Julian1"/> A họpụtara ha abụọ maka New Zealand n'okpuru otu ụmụ agbọghọ 15. Ụmụnne nwanyị ahụ gbakwara bọọlụ basketball, bọọlụ, netball, rugby asaa na rugby n'akụkụ iri na ise n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. <ref name="LM1"/> Mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu maka ndị otu ụmụ agbọghọ na-emetụ aka na Mahurangi College, Demant nwetara ihe mmerụ ahụ ACL (n'ihu cruciate ligament) na ikpere ya. N'ihi ya, a manyere ya ịhapụ asọmpi mmetụ ikpeazụ ya na ndị otu ahụ. <ref name="LM2">{{Cite web|date=16 September 2018|title=Demant overcomes injury to seize place in Black Ferns|url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/sport/demant-overcomes-injury-to-seize-place-in-black-ferns/|work=Local Matters|accessdate=3 May 2023}}</ref> Deamant malitekwara ịgba egwu rugby iri na ise na Mahurangi ma hụ ya n'anya mana mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ike ịkụnye ndị egwuregwu iri na ise n'afọ mbụ ya, ọ gbadara na 10 n'ime nke abụọ nke ezughi oke ibu otu. <ref name="stats"/> N'ịbụ ndị nwere obere ohere maka ụmụ agbọghọ igwu egwu rugby na mpaghara ha Demand na Kiritapu bịara mara na College Rifles Rugby Club na Remuera, Auckland bụ ebe nkwado maka ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị rugby. <ref name="Wall">{{Cite web|author=Wall|first=Jamie|date=26 August 2022|title=Ruahei Demant, Black Fern|url=https://www.metromag.co.nz/city-life/city-life-sport/ruahei-demant-black-fern|work=Metro|accessdate=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518032005/https://www.metromag.co.nz/city-life/city-life-sport/ruahei-demant-black-fern|archive-date=18 May 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe ha rutere maka ịgba ọsọ ọzụzụ mbụ ha, Demant mechara cheta "Echetara m na papa m chụpụrụ mụ na Kiritapu n'ọrụ mbụ anyị, anyị hụkwara nnukwu ihe ndị Tongan ndị a na-abịarute ụgbọ ala ahụ. Anyị rịọrọ papa m ka o kuru anyị laa, ma ọ jụrụ.” <ref name="stats" /> Na 2012 n'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị A họọrọ Demant mgbe ọ dị afọ 17 maka otu Auckland Storm rugby, bụ ndị gara n'ihu na-emeri iko Farah Palmer nke afọ ahụ. <ref name="LM2"/> Emechiri rugby ya n'isi n'oge 2013, mgbe nkeji iri n'ime egwuregwu megide Taranaki ọ gbajie akwara azụ (ACL) na ikpere aka ekpe ya. <ref name="Julian1"/> <ref name="stats"/> Mgbe nwugharichara, ọ weghachiri ndị otu ahụ maka oge na-esote, n'oge nke Auckland Storm meriri Farah Palmer Cup ọzọ. N'afọ 2015 ka ọ na-asọmpi na asọmpi asaa na Mt Manganui ọ gbajiri ACL ya na ikpere aka nri ya. Ọ laghachiri n'oge iji nyere Auckland Storm aka inweta mmeri ọzọ nke Farah Palmer. <ref name="Julian1"/> Mgbe ọ bụ 20 Demant mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu na asọmpi asaa nke oge okpomọkụ ọzọ mebiri ACl na ikpere aka ekpe ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mmerụ ahụ nke atọ. <ref name="LM2"/> <ref name="Julian1" /> === Mpụta mbụ maka Black Ferns === Mgbe ọ dị afọ 23 Demant mere mpụta mbụ ya maka Black Ferns na mbụ-ise asatọ na Sydney megide Australia na 18 Ọgọst 2018 nke otu ahụ meriri 33–11. <ref name="LM2"/> <ref name="Julian1"/> Otu izu ka e mesịrị ọ nọ na otu ndị meriri, 45–17 megide Australia na Eden Park. <ref name="LM2" /> egwuregwu atọ ọzọ sochiri na 2018, otu megide USA na Chicago na egwuregwu abụọ megide [[France]], otu na Toulon na nke ọzọ na Grenoble, ndị Black Ferns meriri ha niile. Nrụpụta nke ịchọ na oge ụlọ hụrụ ka ahọpụtara ya ọzọ maka Black Ferns, oge a na-egwu egwuregwu na San Diego na Julaị 2019 megide [[Kánada|Canada]], USA, France na England (merie 28–13). Ọ gbara egwuregwu azụ azụ azụ maka Black Ferns n'August megide Australia, ndị Black Ferns meriri ha abụọ 47–10 na Perth na 37–6 na Auckland. <ref name="stats"/> N'ime nke mbụ n'ime egwuregwu abụọ ahụ Demant gbara mbọ ọ bụla dị mita 40. <ref name="Julian1" /> Oge mba ụwa nke afọ 2019 gwụchara n'ịgba ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Barbarians meriri Wales 29–15 na Cardiff na 30 Nọvemba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Coleman-Phillips|first=Ceri|date=30 November 2019|title=Wales Women lose 29–15 to Barbarians in Cardiff|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/50585609|work=BBC|accessdate=17 May 2023}}</ref> Na Covid na-egbochi njem mba ofesi Demant gbara ndị Black Ferns naanị na egwuregwu abụọ ha nwere n'oge, ha abụọ megidere ndị New Zealand Barbarians. === Super rugby === Demant gbara bọọlụ bọọlụ megide ndị Chiefs na egwuregwu Super Rugby nke ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na New Zealand na 1 Mee 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|date=29 April 2021|title=nib BLUES WOMEN'S TEAM EXCITED FOR HISTORIC CLASH|url=https://www.blues.rugby/blues-rugby-news/nib-blues-womens-team-excited-for-historic-clash|work=Blues Rugby|accessdate=23 August 2022|language=en-NZ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Women's Super Rugby Preview: Blues v Chiefs (2021)|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/womens-super-rugby-preview-blues-v-chiefs-2021/|work=All Blacks|accessdate=23 August 2022|language=en-NZ|archivedate=15 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115134716/https://www.allblacks.com/news/womens-super-rugby-preview-blues-v-chiefs-2021/}}</ref> Na 3 Nọvemba 2021, akpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu Blues maka asọmpi mbụ Super Rugby Aupiki . <ref>{{Cite web|title=nib Blues Super Rugby Aupiki 2022 Squad|url=https://www.blues.rugby/blues-women-squad|work=Blues Rugby|accessdate=13 November 2021|language=en-NZ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2021|title=Exciting nib Blues Super Rugby Aupiki Squad Announced|url=https://www.blues.rugby/blues-rugby-news/exciting-nib-blues-aupiki-squad-announced|work=Blues Rugby|accessdate=22 August 2022|language=en-NZ}}</ref> Akpọrọ ya aha na ahịrị mbido Blues maka egwuregwu mbụ ha megide Matatọ, ha meriri 21–10. <ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2022|title=Long wait over as nib Blues set for Sky Super Rugby Aupiki debut|url=https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/long-wait-over-as-nib-blues-set-for-sky-super-rugby-aupiki-debut/|accessdate=23 August 2022|work=Super Rugby|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823071230/https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/long-wait-over-as-nib-blues-set-for-sky-super-rugby-aupiki-debut/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Burnes|first=Campbell|date=15 March 2022|title=Blues full of merit in downing Matatū|url=https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/blues-full-of-merit-in-downing-matatu/|work=Super Rugby|accessdate=23 August 2022|language=en-GB|archivedate=15 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115173530/https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/blues-full-of-merit-in-downing-matatu/}}</ref> Ọ malitekwara na 0–35 nke ndị Chiefs Manawa meriri ha na agba ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2022|title=Experienced pair return for key clash for nib Blues|url=https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/experienced-pair-return-for-key-clash-for-nib-blues/|work=Super Rugby|accessdate=23 August 2022|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Burnes|first=Campbell|date=20 March 2022|title=Chiefs Manawa crowned Sky Super Rugby Aupiki champs|url=https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/chiefs-manawa-crowned-sky-super-rugby-aupiki-champs/|work=Super Rugby|accessdate=23 August 2022|language=en-GB|archivedate=20 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320141247/https://www.superrugby.co.nz/news/chiefs-manawa-crowned-sky-super-rugby-aupiki-champs/}}</ref> === Njem North 2021 Black Ferns === Ọchịchọ gbara n'egwuregwu niile nke Blacks Ferns njem jọgburu onwe ya na mpaghara ugwu na Ọktọba na Nọvemba 2021 nke hụrụ ka ha meriri egwuregwu ha niile megide England na France. === 2022 Pacific anọ === Ebe onye isi Les Elder dị ugbu a adịghị adị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ Ahọpụtara Demant na Mee 2022 ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ndị otu Black Ferns maka 2022 Pacific Four Series . <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 May 2022|title=31-strong Black Ferns squad named for home June Test series|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/31-strong-black-ferns-squad-named-for-home-june-test-series/|work=All Blacks|publisher=New Zealand Rugby|accessdate=12 June 2022|language=en-NZ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Pearson|first=Joseph|date=4 May 2022|title=New captain Ruahei Demant parks law career to lead Black Ferns for homecoming series|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/women-in-sport/128547885/new-captain-ruahei-demant-parks-law-career-to-lead-black-ferns-for-homecoming-series|work=Stuff|accessdate=12 June 2022|language=en}}</ref> === 2022 Laurie Reilly Cup === Maka usoro ule August megide Australia maka Laurie O'Reilly Cup Demant ka ahọpụtara ọzọ ka ọ na-edu Blacks Ferns, mana ya na [[Kennedy Simon]] bụ onye na-alọta site na mmerụ ahụ dị ka onye isi otu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2 August 2022|title=Black Ferns named for O'Reilly Cup Test series|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/black-ferns-named-for-oreilly-cup-test-series/|work=All Blacks|publisher=New Zealand Rugby|accessdate=8 August 2022|language=en-NZ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Roger|date=15 August 2022|title=2022 Laurie O'Reilly Cup Black Ferns Vs Wallaroos "When Does It Start, Live Streams And Schedule"|url=https://thedailyrugby.com/laurie-oreilly-cup-black-ferns-vs-wallaroos/|work=The Daily Rugby|accessdate=16 August 2022|language=en-US|archivedate=25 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925010929/https://thedailyrugby.com/laurie-oreilly-cup-black-ferns-vs-wallaroos/}}</ref> === 2021 Rugby World Cup === A họpụtara Demant ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ndị otu egwuregwu egwuregwu Black Ferns 32 maka iko mba ụwa Rugby 2021 . <ref>{{Cite web|date=13 September 2022|title=Black Ferns squad locked in for Rugby World Cup|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/black-ferns-squad-locked-in-for-rugby-world-cup/|work=All Blacks|publisher=New Zealand Rugby|accessdate=15 September 2022|language=en-NZ|archivedate=13 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913133032/https://www.allblacks.com/news/black-ferns-squad-locked-in-for-rugby-world-cup/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=13 September 2022|title=Black Ferns Rugby World Cup squad named|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/474684/black-ferns-rugby-world-cup-squad-named|work=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=27 September 2022|language=en-nz}}</ref> N'arịrịọ nke Demant, [[Kennedy Simon]] ka emere onye-isi-ọchi-agha ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Voerman|first=Andrew|date=5 October 2022|title=Black Fern Kennedy Simon feared the worst but is nearing her second return of 2022|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/rugby-world-cup/130062208/black-fern-kennedy-simon-feared-the-worst-but-is-nearing-her-second-return-of-2022|work=Stuff|accessdate=17 May 2023}}</ref> === oge 2023 === New Zealand Rugby nyere Dement nkwekọrịta egwuregwu maka oge 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 April 2013|title=Black Ferns contracts revealed|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/488110/black-ferns-contracts-revealed|work=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=17 May 2023}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ndị otu Black Ferns squad, ya na [[Kennedy Simon]], maka Pacific Four Series na O'Reilly Cup . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2023-06-07|title=First Black Ferns squad of 2023 named|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/first-black-ferns-squad-of-2023-named/|accessdate=2023-06-07|work=allblacks.com|language=en-NZ|archivedate=2023-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607012755/https://www.allblacks.com/news/first-black-ferns-squad-of-2023-named/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-07|title=Nine rookies named in first Black Ferns squad of 2023|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/black-ferns-nine-rookies-named-in-first-squad-of-2023/GQWKTEVJXVBEFD2GB2YOECTUVA/|accessdate=2023-06-07|work=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ|archivedate=2023-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607012755/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/black-ferns-nine-rookies-named-in-first-squad-of-2023/GQWKTEVJXVBEFD2GB2YOECTUVA/}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị, ọ gbara ọsọ n'akụkụ ya 21–52 mmeri ha meriri Canada na Pacific Series na Ottawa . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-09|title=Black Ferns fly past Canada in front of record crowd in Ottawa|url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2023/07/08/black-ferns-fly-past-canada-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-ottawa/|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=Americas Rugby News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Burnes|first=Campbell|date=2023-07-09|title=Black Ferns secure WXV1 qualification with Ottawa victory|url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/winning/|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=allblacks.com|language=en-NZ|archivedate=2023-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709024342/https://www.allblacks.com/news/winning/}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == Na June 2014, e nyere Demant a Moana Ngarimu VC Scholarship iji nyere aka na ọmụmụ ihe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2014|title=Ngarimu scholars celebrated|url=https://waateanews.com/2014/06/20/ngarimu-scholars-celebrated/|work=Waatea News|accessdate=16 May 2023}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na Ụlọ Nzukọ Ukwu nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na nnọkọ nke Gọvanọ General Sir Jerry Mateparae, Willie Apiata, VC na Minista Education, Hekia Parata gara. <ref name="Julian1"/> <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 June 2014|title=Ngarimu VC 28th Maori Battalion Memorial Scholarship Awards|url=https://gg.govt.nz/publications/ngarimu-vc-28th-maori-battalion-memorial-scholarship-awards|work=The Governor General of New Zealand|accessdate=16 May 2023}}</ref> Na 2022 World Rugby Awards, a kpọrọ Demant onye ọkpụkpọ nke afọ 15 nke ụmụ nwanyị . <ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2022|title=Josh van der Flier and Ruahei Demant named World Rugby Players of the Year 2022|url=https://www.world.rugby/news/777767?lang=en|work=World Rugby|accessdate=21 November 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=21 November 2022|title=Ruahei Demant, Wayne Smith, Ruby Tui big winners at glittering rugby awards|url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/11/21/black-ferns-scoop-the-big-rugby-awards-at-glittering-monaco-ceremony/|work=1 News|accessdate=21 November 2022|language=en}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 2022, akpọrọ ya Kelvin R Tremain Memorial Player of the Year, Tom French Māori Player of the Year, na Black Ferns Player of the Year. <ref name="A1">{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=8 December 2022|title=NZ Rugby Awards: Black Ferns triumph; three awards for Ruahei Demant|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/480382/nz-rugby-awards-black-ferns-triumph-three-awards-for-ruahei-demant|work=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=2 May 2023}}</ref> Na 2023 King's Birthday and Coronation Honors, A họpụtara Demant ka ọ bụrụ onye otu New Zealand Order of Merit, maka ọrụ na rugby. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/publications/kings-birthday-and-coronation-honours-list-2023|title=The King's Birthday and Coronation honours list 2023|date=5 June 2023|publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|accessdate=5 June 2023}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Demant bụ nke Ngāti Awa, Te Whānau-ā-Apanui na Te Whakatōhea . <ref name="Pearson1"/> <ref name="Julian1"/> Iji kwado onwe ya mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ gbasara iwu na azụmahịa na Mahadum Auckland Demant rụrụ ọrụ oge niile na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mbata na ọpụpụ. <ref name="LM2"/> Mgbe emechara BA / LLB majoring na Sociology na Iwu na Mahadum Auckland na 2020 <ref name="Julian1"/> Demant rụrụ ọrụ na North Shore District Court dị ka osote onye na-edeba aha na otu onye ikpe naanị ikpe. Ọ hapụrụ ime iwu n'ụlọ ọrụ Dentons Kensington Swan dị na Auckland. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stanley|first=Ashley|date=30 March 2020|title=Practise, practise, practise: The Black Fern and the law|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/lockerroom/page/practise-practise-practise-the-black-fern-and-the-law|work=Newsroom|accessdate=25 January 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref> Nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta bụ Kiritapu nọkwa na Black Ferns, ebe o mere mpụta mbụ ya na 2015. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2018|title=Demant sisters to feature Black Ferns game this weekend|url=https://www.teaomaori.news/demant-sisters-feature-black-ferns-game-weekend|work=Māori Television|accessdate=25 January 2022|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=5 November 2018|title=Ferns in the family – The University of Auckland|url=https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/news/2018/11/02/ferns-in-the-family.html|work=University of Auckland|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref> Ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Kiritapu bụ ụmụnne nwanyị ise nke ise ga-egwu maka Black Ferns na ụmụnne nwanyị Māori mbụ. <ref name="Wall"/> Onye ikwu ya bụ Te Whetu Werohia Tipiwai dere Black Ferns haka ''Ko Uhia Mai'' . <ref name="Julian1"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ndmlfgyhqwdgz3bmngcywvysy81gdhn Yasmin Altwaijri 0 54320 743600 742835 2026-11-06T11:53:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743600 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Yasmin Ahmed Almubarak Altwaijri''' ( Arabic ) bụ Ọkachamara Sayensị Ọkachamara na Isi nke Nnyocha Ọrịa Epidemiology na King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC) na Riyadh, [[Saudi Arabia]] . <ref name="Kaaki"/> <ref name="Survey"/> Dị ka onye isi nke nchọpụta ọrịa na-efe efe, ọ na-amụ ihe na-akpata na mmetụta nke ọrịa na ọrịa n'ime otu obodo, na ya Saudi Arabia. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wamda.com/2014/11/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-top-saudi-business-woman|title=Wamda|work=www.wamda.com|accessdate=2018-09-05}}</ref> Ọ na-amụ banyere ọnọdụ ndị dị ka oke ibu na ọrịa uche na obodo Saudi, ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwado maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji kwalite ahụike ka mma. <ref name="Zafar"/> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Altwaijri gụrụ Health Community na Mahadum King Saud na Riyadh, nata B.Sc. na 1992. <ref name="Survey">{{Cite web|title=Project Principle Investigators|url=http://www.healthandstress.org.sa/en/pi.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110230226/http://www.healthandstress.org.sa/en/pi.asp|archivedate=10 January 2017|work=Saudi National Health and Stress Survey|accessdate=15 December 2016|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Saudi National Health and Stress Survey''. Archived from [http://www.healthandstress.org.sa/en/pi.asp the original] on 10 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe ha lụchara, ya na di ya kwagara United States ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Altwaijri gụrụ Johanna Dwyer, onye isi Frances Stern Nutrition Center na Tufts University 's Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy . <ref name="Flaherty"/> O nwetara M.Sc. sitere na Mahadum Tufts na 1996 yana Ph.D. n'afọ 2002. <ref name="Survey" /> Nne na nna ya gbara ya ume ka o nwee ọrụ ọkachamara ga-enyere ya aka ịnọrọ onwe ya n'ụzọ ego. <ref name="Kaaki">{{Cite news|author=Kaaki|first=Lisa|title=Yasmin Altwaijri: Mother, wife and scientist|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/347825#|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=Arab News|date=17 June 2010}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKaaki2010">Kaaki, Lisa (17 June 2010). [http://www.arabnews.com/node/347825# "Yasmin Altwaijri: Mother, wife and scientist"]. ''Arab News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ lọghachitere Saudi Arabia na Boston na 2002, Altwaijri sonyeere Mahadum King Saud bin Abdulaziz maka sayensị ahụike . Na-esote, o sonyeere King Faisal Specialist Hospital na Research Center na Riyadh ebe ọ na-eduzi ebe nyocha ọrịa na-efe efe. <ref name="Farhat">{{Cite web|author=Farhat|first=Reine|title=Eight Arab women making an impact in their societies|url=https://firnas.org/en/articles/2014/12/28/eight-arab-women-making-an-impact-in-their-countries|work=Firnas|date=28 December 2014|accessdate=15 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229100549/https://firnas.org/en/articles/2014/12/28/eight-arab-women-making-an-impact-in-their-countries|archivedate=29 December 2016}}</ref> A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kachasị elu na mba ahụ. <ref name="Elzeini">{{Cite web|author=Elzeini|first=Sarah|title=The Curious Case of the Gulf Woman|url=http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2015/01/05/the-curious-case-of-the-gulf-woman/|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=Foreign Policy Blogs|publisher=Foreign Policy Association|date=5 January 2015}}</ref> Altwaijri na-etinye aka n'ichepụta ma na-eme nchọpụta ọrịa na-efe efe nke ndị Saudi, na-elebara ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma anya. <ref name="Survey"/> Otu akụkụ nke nchegbu bụ enweghị ụkpụrụ ntolite uto maka ụmụaka Saudi. Naanị ụkpụrụ dịịrị ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụmụaka Saudi na-adabere na njiri mara ụmụaka na United States. Altwaijri na-azụlite ọmụmụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke ụmụaka Saudi ga-enwe mmetụta maka ihe ndị dị na ndụ Saudi dị ka ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze, nri, na ọdịdị ala. <ref name="Kaaki"/> Ọ na-enyochakwa ihe ndị dị ize ndụ dị ka ibu ibu, ise siga, ọbara mgbali elu, cholesterol ọbara dị elu na enweghị mgbatị ahụ, nke na-emetụta ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala . Ọ na-emesi ike mkpa nke ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na-ahụ maka ahụike ma na-akwadosi ike maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ga-akwalite ụzọ ndụ dị mma. <ref name="Survey"/> Ọ na-enwe nchegbu karịsịa maka ụmụ nwanyị, bụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ịmalite ibu ibu karịa ụmụ nwoke Saudi, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na ihe ndị metụtara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-egbochi ohere maka ụmụ nwanyị imega ahụ na ịkụda ụmụ nwanyị ikere òkè n'egwuregwu. <ref name="Kaaki"/> Altwaijri na-akwado maka itinye usoro ọmụmụ anụ ahụ maka ụmụ agbọghọ yana ụmụ nwoke n'ụlọ akwụkwọ; imepụta ebe egwuregwu agbata obi dị mma maka ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị; Ebe nchekwa ebe ndị okenye nwoke na nwanyị nwere ike na-emega ahụ; na klọb ahụike dị ọnụ ala maka ma ụmụ nwanyị ma ndị nwoke. Ọ na-akwadokwa ụkpụrụ nke ọnụ ahịa nri iji kwalite nhọrọ nke ahụike karịa nri adịghị mma. <ref name="Kaaki" /> <ref name="Zafar">{{Cite news|author=Zafar|first=Rahilla|title=Yasmin Altwaijri: A Saudi Scientist Tackles Mental Health and Obesity|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rahilla-zafar/yasmin-altwaijri-a-saudi-_b_6041814.html|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=The Huffington Post|date=24 December 2014}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFZafar2014">Zafar, Rahilla (24 December 2014). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rahilla-zafar/yasmin-altwaijri-a-saudi-_b_6041814.html "Yasmin Altwaijri: A Saudi Scientist Tackles Mental Health and Obesity"]. ''The Huffington Post''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Iji mee ka ụmụ ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike, o debanyere ha na igwu mmiri otu asọmpi, ebe ha ruru eru ịga AAU Junior Olympic Games . <ref name="Diary">{{Cite news|title=My Time in Saudi Arabia, Part IV|url=http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/travel/2015/my-time-in-saudi-arabia-part-iv|work=New York Social Diary|date=20 August 2015|author=Peterson|first=Paige}}</ref> Altwaijri bụ onye nyocha isi maka nyocha ahụike uche nke mba Saudi, nyocha sara mbara nke na-enyocha mmetụta nke ọrịa uche na obodo Saudi. <ref name="Survey"/> Ọ dịghị nnyocha e mere na mpaghara a na mbụ na Saudi Arabia, ọ bụ ezie na Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-akọ na ise n'ime ọrịa iri kasị dị arọ n'ụwa gụnyere ahụike uche. <ref name="Zafar"/> Na mgbakwunye na gọọmentị Saudi na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, nyocha a gụnyere mmekorita mba ụwa na Mahadum Harvard, Mahadum Michigan na Healthtù Ahụ Ike Worldwa . <ref name="Survey" /> Ọmụmụ ihe a, nke malitere na 2009, nwere ebumnuche ịga n'ụlọ nke ndị ikom na ndị inyom 5,000 iji gbaa ndị mmadụ si n'ofe mba ahụ ajụjụ ọnụ. 86% nke ndị gbara ajụjụ ọnụ dị njikere isonye. <ref name="Flaherty">{{Cite web|author=Flaherty|first=Julie|title=Breaking the Veiled Ceiling|url=http://now.tufts.edu/articles/breaking-veiled-ceiling|work=Tufts Now|date=1 October 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFlaherty2015">Flaherty, Julie (1 October 2015). [http://now.tufts.edu/articles/breaking-veiled-ceiling "Breaking the Veiled Ceiling"]. ''Tufts Now''.</cite></ref> == Ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị == Altwaijri na-elekọta Kọmitii Saudi Women na Sayensị Sayensị, netwọk mba nke ndị sayensị nwanyị si Saudi Arabia. <ref name="Kaaki"/> <ref name="Survey"/> Ọ na-agba ụmụ nwanyị Saudi ume ka ha banye na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, <ref name="Survey" /> na-arụ ụka na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị inyom nwere ike iji ụdị nzikọrịta ozi eletrọnịkị na-arụkọ ọrụ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na-enweghị "ịgafe" ókèala nke ụkpụrụ na omenala obodo anyị." <ref name="Kaaki" /> Ọ na-egosi na mmachi dị ka mmachibido iwu nke ndị inyom na-anya ụgbọ ala na-eme ka ọ na-esiri ụmụ nwanyị ike ịga ọrụ ma ọ bụ gaa na ụlọ mgbatị ahụ. <ref name="Zafar"/> Altwaijri bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri atọ na ise pụtara n'akwụkwọ ''Arab Women Rising'', nke gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị si [[Tunisia]] ruo Saudi Arabia. <ref name="Morris">{{Cite news|author=Morris|first=Jane Mosbacher|title='Arab Women Rising' Profiles 35 Female Entrepreneurs Changing the World|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jane-mosbacher/arab-women-rising-profile_b_4868409.html|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=The Huffington Post|date=30 April 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Syeed">{{Cite book|author=Zafar|first=Rahilla|title=Arab Women Rising: 35 Entrepreneurs Making a Difference in the Arab World|date=2014|publisher=Knowledge@Wharton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1PmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT212|isbn=9781629210797}}</ref> Agụnyere ya na ndepụta BBC 2014 nke gosipụtara ụmụ nwanyị 100 na mba ụwa. <ref name="BBC2014">{{Cite news|title=Who are the 100 Women 2014?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792|accessdate=15 December 2016|work=BBC News|date=26 October 2014}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9763p470mrwzgps2djt7fg78pelgoss Samar Alsaggaf 0 54352 743516 196001 2026-11-05T22:12:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Samar Alsaggaf|image=|caption=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1964|7|27}}|birth_place=[[Saudi Arabia]]|occupation=Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology|title1=Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission to the United States|term_label1=Medical and Health Science Programs Director|term_start1=2010|term_end1=2015|predecessor1=|spouse=|children=|website={{URL|https://www.kau.edu.sa/Content-0002487-EN-38716|King Abdulaziz University profile}}}} '''Samar Mohammad Alsaggaf''' bụ Prọfesọ Saudi na gbasara ahụ mmadụ na embrayo na nwanyị mbụ na-ahụ maka ahụ ike na [[Saudi Arabia]] . Ugbu a ọ bụ prọfesọ n'ihe gbasara ahụ mmadụ na Mahadum King Abdulaziz . <ref name="man">{{Cite web|url=https://manhom.com/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81/|title=سمر السقاف طبيبة سعودية متخصصة بعلم التشريح|accessdate=17 March 2022|publisher=Manhom|language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saudiprp.com/speaker/prof-samar-alsaggaf|title=Prof. Samar Alsaggaf|publisher=Saudi Pre-Residency Prime|accessdate=17 March 2022|archivedate=27 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227012508/https://saudiprp.com/speaker/prof-samar-alsaggaf}}</ref> Na mbụ, ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Medical and Health Science Programs na [[Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] site na 2010 ruo 2015. <ref name="man" /> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Alsaggaf na Saudi Arabia na 27 Julaị 1964. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/0002487/Files/23422_Dr%20Samar%20new.doc|title=السـيرة الذاتـيـة - جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز|publisher=King Abdulaziz University|language=ar}}</ref> Na 1988, ọ gụsịrị nzere bachelọ nke ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ (MBBS) na Mahadum King Abdulaziz . Ọ gara nweta akara ugo mmụta masters na anatomy and embryology na Mahadum King Saud na 1993 wee nweta nzere PhD n'otu ngalaba ahụ n'afọ 1996. Akpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya "Mmetụta nke Irradiation na mmepe nke cerebellar cortex nke Guinea pig". Na 2009, ọ nwetara Asambodo Nkụzi Ahụike na Mahadum Illinois . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mawhopon.net/?p=23191|title=تُكنى بـ"أم المبتعثين" سمر السقاف.. أول طبيبة سعودية متخصصة في علم التشريح|date=March 16, 2021|publisher=mawhopon|language=ar|accessdate=17 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816011629/https://www.mawhopon.net/?p=23191|archive-date=16 August 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na 2013, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na Mahadum Saint Joseph na [[Kónétíkùt|Connecticut]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=March 5, 2013|title=Saint Joseph Announces 2013 Commencement Speaker And Honorary Degree Recipients|url=https://www.courant.com/community/hc-xpm-2013-03-05-hcrs-71701hc-west-hartford-20130301-story.html|accessdate=2022-03-09|work=Hartford Courant|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Alsaggaf bụ onye isi mmemme ahụike na ahụike sayensị na [[Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] site na 2010 ruo 2015. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=smhs_medhealth|title=The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science|journal=Medicine+Health|date=Fall 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/columns/saudi-medical-students-goodwill-ambassadors-us|title=Saudi medical students goodwill ambassadors in the US|publisher=Arab News|date=7 November 2012}}</ref> <ref name="man"/> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] onkc26f9lmtc08pqjlyo9h4tgziwwez Solomana Kante 0 55990 743542 642308 2026-11-06T01:50:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743542 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Solomana_Kanté_et_Baba_Diané.jpg|thumb| Solomana Kante (n'aka ekpe) na Baba Mamadi Diane (n'aka nri)]] [[Faịlụ:Map_of_the_life_of_sulemaana_kante_inventor_of_the_n'ko_alphabet.png|thumb| Map nke ndụ Sulemaana Kante, onye chepụtara mkpụrụedemede N'ko]] [[Faịlụ:Grave_of_Kanté_Soulemane,_inventeur_de_l'alphabet_N'Ko.jpg|thumb| Udi nke Solomana Kanté]] '''Solomana Kanté''' (nke edekwara dị ka '''Sùlemáana Kántε''', <ref name="Donaldson" /> '''Souleymane Kanté''' ma bụ '''Sulemaana Kantè''' ; N'Ko , afọ 1922 – ọnwa Nọvemba 23, afọ 1987) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ [[Guinea|Guinean]], onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na onye nkuzi, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Manding-English Dictionary : (Maninka, Bamana)|author=Vydrin|first=Valentin|year=1999|isbn=9780993996931|location=Lac-Beauport|pages=8|oclc=905517929|authorlink=Valentin Vydrin}}</ref> kacha mara amara dị ka onye mepụtara mkpụrụedemede N'Ko maka [[Asụsụ Manding|ụdị asụsụ Manding]] nke Afrịka. Kanté kere N'Ko, edemede ọgbara ọhụrụ maka, dịka ọ hụrụ ya, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Donaldson|first=Coleman|date=2017-01-01|title=Orthography, Standardization, and Register: The Case of Manding|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_grad_pubs/2|journal=In P. Lane, J. Costa, & H. De Korne (Eds.), Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery (Pp. 175–199). New York, NY: Routledge.|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406021430/https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_grad_pubs/2/|archive-date=2023-04-06|access-date=2024-05-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[asụsụ Manding]] n' afọ 1949 ka afọ ise nke nnwale na usoro ederede dị iche iche gasịrị. <ref name="Donaldson">{{Cite journal|author=Donaldson|first=Coleman|date=2020|title=The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè's N'ko|journal=African Studies Review|volume=63|issue=3|language=en|pages=462–486|doi=10.1017/asr.2019.59|issn=0002-0206}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDonaldson2020">Donaldson, Coleman (2020). [[doi:10.1017/asr.2019.59|"The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè's N'ko"]]. ''African Studies Review''. '''63''' (3): <span class="nowrap">462–</span>486. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1017/asr.2019.59|10.1017/asr.2019.59]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206 0002-0206].</cite></ref> A malitere iji edemede ahụ na Kankan, [[Guinea]] wee kesaa ya na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-asụ Manding nke ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka. iue71mrbax31e445egw078pq4tkl7il Solo manaKante 0 56000 743541 200640 2026-11-06T01:50:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743541 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:Solomana_Kanté_et_Baba_Diané.jpg|thumb|Solomana Kante (n'aka ekpe) na Baba Mamadi Diane (n' aka nri) ]] [[Faịlụ:Map_of_the_life_of_sulemaana_kante_inventor_of_the_n'ko_alphabet.png|thumb|Map nke ndụ Sulemaana Kante, onye mepụtara mkpụrụedemede N'ko]] [[Faịlụ:Grave_of_Kanté_Soulemane,_inventeur_de_l'alphabet_N'Ko.jpg|thumb|Ili nke Solomana Kanté]] '''Solomana Kanté''' (nke edere dịka Sùlemáana Kántε, <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwgg="">Sulemaana Kantè's N'Ko<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;journal<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;African Studies Review<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;volume<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;63<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;issue<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;3<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;pages<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;462–486<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;doi<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;10.1017/asr.2019.59<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;issn<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;0002-0206<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;doi-access<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;free<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwOg\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt28\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" id=\"CITEREFDonaldson2020\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Donaldson, Coleman (2020). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59\" id=\"mwOw\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè's N'ko\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwPA\">African Studies Review</i></nowiki>. <nowiki><b id=\"mwPQ\">63</b></nowiki> (3): <nowiki><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwPg\">462–</span></nowiki>486. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"18\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mwPw\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a></nowiki>:<nowiki><span class=\"id-lock-free\" id=\"mwQA\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2019.59\" id=\"mwQQ\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.1017/asr.2019.59</a></nowiki><nowiki></span></nowiki>. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"19\" href=\"./ISSN_(identifier)\" id=\"mwQg\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\">ISSN</a></nowiki><nowiki><span id=\"mwQw\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206\" id=\"mwRA\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">0002-0206</a></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-Donaldson_1-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Solomana_Kante#cite_note-Donaldson-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> '''Souleymane Kanté''' ma ọ bụ Sulemaana Kantè; N'Ko, 1922 - Novemba 1987) bụ onye odee Guinean, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, na onye nkuzi , <ref>{{Cite book|title=Manding-English Dictionary : (Maninka, Bamana)|author=Vydrin|first=Valentin|year=1999|isbn=9780993996931|location=Lac-Beauport|pages=8|oclc=905517929|authorlink=Valentin Vydrin}}</ref> amara dị ka onye mepụtara mkpụrụedemede N'Ko maka ụdị asụsụ Manding nke Africa. Kanté mepụtara N'Ko, edemede nke oge a maka, dịka ọ hụrụ ya, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Donaldson|first=Coleman|date=2017-01-01|title=Orthography, Standardization, and Register: The Case of Manding|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_grad_pubs/2|journal=In P. Lane, J. Costa, & H. De Korne (Eds.), Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery (Pp. 175–199). New York, NY: Routledge.|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406021430/https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_grad_pubs/2/|archive-date=2023-04-06|access-date=2024-05-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Asụsụ Manding]] na 1949 mgbe afọ ise nke nnwale na dị iche iche ederede usoro. <ref name="Donaldson">{{Cite journal|author=Donaldson|first=Coleman|date=2020|title=The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè's N'ko|journal=African Studies Review|volume=63|issue=3|language=en|pages=462–486|doi=10.1017/asr.2019.59|issn=0002-0206}}</ref> A malitere iji edemede a na Kankan, Guinea wee kesaa ya n'ebe ahụ gaa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-asụ Manding nke West Africa. == Ntụaka == # {{Reflist}}Donaldson Coleman (2020). "ọrụ nke islam, odide Ajami, na ndozigharị agụmakwụkwọ na sulemaana Kante's N'ko". African Studies Review 63(3):462-486. # Vydrin, Valentin(1999). Manding. English Dictionary:(Maninka, Bamana). Lac- Beauport. p. 8. ISBN 978099399631. OCLC 905517929. CS1 maint: # Donaldson, Coleman (2017-01-01). "ihe ọzọ, nhazi ọkwa, na ndebanye aha: ikpe nke manding na P. Lane, J. Costa, & H. De Korne (Eds.), Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery (Pp.175-199). New York, ANY: Routledge. (2). == isi mmalite == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ịrụzigharị Omenala Okwu: Ụzọ Souleymane Kanté si ede akụkọ ihe mere eme Mande". Mande Studies 3, 147-200. * Kaba, Diaka Laye (1992). "Souleymane Kanté: onye mepụtara mkpụrụ akwụkwọ N"ko". Onye nkuzi: Akwụkwọ nkuzi nke ndị nkuzi nke Guinea 11-12, 33 * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ncheta nke Kanté Souleymane". ''Somoya Sila: Akwụkwọ akụkọ ọdịbendị nke ICRA-N'KO Association'' 19. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Alfabet nke asụsụ N"ko: 'N"ko sebesun"." Kankan, nke Mamady Keita bipụtara (1995), Siguiri. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (2001). "Akwụkwọ ozi nke Souleymane Kanté na Maurice Houis". Mande Studies 3, 133-146. {{Authority control}} kwounwtwy589bvjgui7yrj4ek3njz1v Txillardegi 0 56136 743574 208181 2026-11-06T07:15:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743574 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline;">Txillardegi</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Txillardegi_DaniBlanco_Argia.jpg|frameless|Txillardegi in 2008]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Txillardegi na 2008</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |José Luis Álvarez Enparantza <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-09-27</span>)</span> 27 Septemba 1929[[San Sebastián|San Sebastián (Donostia)]] , [[Spain]]<br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |14 Jenụwarị 2012 <span style="display:none">(2012-01-14)</span> (afọ 82) [[San Sebastián|San Sebastián (Donostia)]] , [[Spain]]&nbsp;<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Ọrụ | class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;" |Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na onye edemede |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Asụsụ | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[Basque language|Basque]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[Novel|Akwụkwọ akụkọ]], edemede[[Essay|Ihe odide]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Isiokwu | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |[[Standard Basque]], mba Basque[[Basque nationalism|Ịhụ mba n'anya Basque]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;" |Ọrụ ndị a ma ama | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;" |''Leturiaren egunkari ezkutua'' (1957) ''Huntaz eta hartaz'' (1965) ''Hizkuntza eta economicakera'' (1972) ''Euskal Herria helburu'' (1994) <br /><br /><br /> |} José Luis Álvarez Enparantza (27 September 1929 - 14 January 2012), nke a mara nke ọma site na aha akwụkwọ ya bụ Txillardegi, bụ onye ọkà karba Basque, onye ike akwụkwọ, na akwụkwọ edemede.  A agogo ya ma mkpọ ya na Mba Basque, ọ bụ ebe na ọghị Asụsụ Basque ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, e gosiri were ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị nwere ikike izi na mba Basque na ọkara nke abụọ nke afã nke iri abụọ.[1]  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị akara ETA, mana n'afọ 1967 ọ chịrị n'ihi na ọ kwenyeghị na usoro ụzọ ụzọ ya..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Estornes Lasa|first=Bernardo|title=Álvarez Emparanza, José Luis - Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia|url=https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/alvarez-emparanza-jose-luis/ar-9273/|work=aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus|publisher=Eusko Ikaskuntza|accessdate=28 January 2022|language=es}}</ref> == Ọrụ edemede na agụmakwụkwọ == Álvarez Enparantza (a na-akpọ aha nne mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka Emparanza) ike injinia na Mahadum Bilbao, na ahia na Mahadim Paris.  N'afọ 1957, ọ na-enye onye otu Euskaltsaindia (Academia de la Lengua Vasca, Academy of the Basque Language), nke nabatara ọtụtụ n'ime aro ya gbasara orthography na morphology nke Standard Basque.  N'afọ 1993, ọ na-akpa onye otu Commission on Pronunciation .  [1] E weputara aha ya ugboro abụọ ka ọ bụrụ onye otu zuru oke nke Euskaltzaindia mana a akwụkwọ ya n'ihi ihe eji ejiji.  Mgbe a ga-atụ aro ya maka oge nke atọ, ya onwe ya akwụkwọ aro ahụ. Ọ bụ onye isi nyere aka n'ịhazi asụsụ Basque. Nkà ihe ọmụma ya dabeere na isi ihe ndị a: * na ọ bụrụ na asụsụ ndị ka nta ga-adịgide, ha ga-enwe ike imeso sayensị na teknụzụ nke oge a. * na asụsụ a haziri ahazi bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmepe nke oge a. * na enwere ike ịkọwa isiokwu ọ bụla n'ụzọ a na-aghọta n'asụsụ ọ bụla, dabere na "nlegharị anya, oge, na ọgụgụ isi"; * na isi ihe, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, nke kwesịrị ịmata onye (ma ọ bụ mba) dị ka Basque kwesịrị ịbụ ihe ọmụma nke asụsụ Basque. [[Faịlụ:Ikusgela_-_Txillardegi.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|Vidio na-egosipụta onyinye nkà ihe ọmụma nke Txillardegi mere (nchịkọta isiokwu Bekee) ]] Ọ bụkwa onye edemede a ma ama na onye ọka mkpa n'okpuru aha, Larresoro, Igara na Usako.  Ọ bụ onye edemede nke existentialism nke Kierkegaard, Unamuno na Sartre, nakwa nke onye edemede Bertrand Russell.[1]  O nyere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ịrịba Basque na amara ya.  O deela akwụkwọ na edemede ndị uwe ejiji.  A na-ewere ya Leturiaren egunkari ezkutua (1957) dị ka akwụkwọ nchọpụta ọgbara ọhụrụ mbụ e dere n'asụsụ Basque ma mee ka akara nkewa doro anya na Akwụkwọ Basque.  Ozi ndị ọzọ akwụkwọ akụkọ Haizeaz bestaldetik (1979) na Putzu (1999);  edemede ndị nwere ikike Huntaz eta hartaz (1965), Hizkuntza eta economicaker (1972) na Euskal Herria helburu (1994), na ọrụ ozi Euskal fonologia (1980), Euskal azentuaz (1984) na Elebidun gizaren azterketa matematikoa (198). N'afọ 1968 ọ meri ihe nrite Txomin Agirre maka akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ya bụ Elsa Scheelen .  O nwetara ihe nrite Andima na Caracas na 1969 maka akwụkwọ gbasara ịtakwara na ngwaahịa.  Omeri Silver Lauburu maka akwụkwọ ya Euskal Gramatika na Bilbo na 1980. N'afọ ndị 1970 Txillardegi so guzobe Euskal Herrian Euskaraz Basque language movement.  N'afọ 1982, ọ hụrụ ị ihe na Mahadum nke Basque Country, nke o mechara bụrụ prọfesọ emeritus..<ref name="EITB">{{Cite web|author=EITB|url=http://www.eitb.com/es/noticias/politica/detalle/812130/biografia-txillardegi-vida-dedicada-al-euskera/|title=Biografía: 'Txillardegi', una vida dedicada al euskera|publisher=EITB.com|date=|accessdate=2012-01-14|archivedate=2012-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502175921/http://www.eitb.com/es/noticias/politica/detalle/812130/biografia-txillardegi-vida-dedicada-al-euskera/}}</ref> Ihe nchekwa data nke obodo na-egosi isi Basque Inguma na-egosi ihe aka na-egosi 122 ( akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ, okwu wdg) nke Txillardegi akwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inguma.org/egiledatuakgakoa.php?egile_gakoa=5392&hizkuntza=eu|title=Reference to 122 products created by Txillardegi in Inguma database|accessdate=2012-01-14|archivedate=2012-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120200526/http://www.inguma.org/egiledatuakgakoa.php?egile_gakoa=5392&hizkuntza=eu}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == [[Faịlụ:Txillardegiri_omenaldia_2018.jpg|thumb|Otuto nye Txillardegi na ncheta afọ 6 nke ọnwụ ya]] Onye otu Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ kwalitere ịgbachitere na iṅomi Asụsụ Basque dị ka ihe ndabere nke ike Basque. Mgbe o nwesịrị nkụda iwe na PNV, Txillardegi bụ otu n'ime ndị ndu ETA na 1959, ya na otu ndị na-eto eto na-ahụ maka mba ma bụrụ onye ndú a na-ahụ anya nke ngalaba ngalaba nke ahụ.  N'afọ 1961, ọ gbagara mba ọzọ, na Paris na Brussels, apụ n'afọ 1967. N'afọ 1976, ya na Iñaki Aldekoa- otu uzo uzo , Euskal Sozialista Biltzarrea (ESB: Congreso de Socialistas Vascos, Basque Socialist Congress). <ref name="EITB"/> Txillardegi ụdị na ntọala Herri Batasuna na 1977 ma họpụta ya dị ka onye omeiwu maka njikọ abertzale na mbụ aka mbụ. N'ikwere na ogụ agha ahụ ekwe omume, ruo oge ụfọdụ ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Aralar.  Na mbụ aka nke afọ 2008, ọ na-eme na ọ bụ onye nwa Senate maka otu Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Acción Nacionalista Vasca, Basque Nationalist Action) maka mpaghara Guipúzcoa. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * Aizpuru, Alaitz 2012: "Existentzialismoaren hastapenak Euskal Herrian: ''Leturiaren egunkari ezkutua''" na Alaitz Aizpuru (koord.), Euskal Herriko economicamenduaren gida, Bilbo, UEU.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-8438-435-9|978-84-8438-435-9]] * [[Joxe Azurmendi|Azurmendi, Joxe]] 1999: Txillardegiren saioa: hastapenen bila, ''Jakin'', 114: 17-45. * Azurmendi, Joxe 2000: "Kierkeggard-en <<egunkari ezkutua="">>" na Txipi Ormaetxea (arg.), Txillardegi lagun giroan, Bilbo: UEU [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/84-8438-007-6|84-8438-007-6]]{{ISBN|84-8438-007-6}}&nbsp;</egunkari> * ''Hegats. Ihe odide nke abụọ''. 49.   [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1130-2445 1130-2445] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Basque Literary History, Reno, Center for Basque Studies/University of Nevada   * Sudupe, Pako 2011: 50eko hamarkadako euskal literatura I: hizkuntza eta ideologia, Donostia, Utriusque Vasconiae.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-938329-4-0|978-84-938329-4-0]] * Sudupe, Pako 2011: ''50eko hamarkadako euskal akwụkwọ edemede II: kazetaritza eta siakera'', Donostia, Utriusque Vasconiae.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-938329-5-7|978-84-938329-5-7]] * Sudupe, Pako 2012: "Ideologia eztabaidak 50eko hamarkadan" na Alaitz Aizpuru (koord.), Euskal Herriko economicamenduaren gida, Bilbo, UEU.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-8438-435-9|978-84-8438-435-9]] * Sudupe, Pako 2016: ''Txillardegiren borroka abertzalea'', Donostia: Elkar * Sudupe, Pako 2025: "Orixe, Gandiaga, R. Arregi eta Txillardegi" in ''XX. mendeko euskal pentsamendua Joxe Azurmendiren talaiatik'', Leioa, EHU. {{ISBN|978-84-9860-927-1}}   * Torrealdai, Joan Mari 2014: Batasunaren bidea urratzen. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Zapiain, Markos 2000: "Txillardegi gazte eroaren heriotza eta egia" in Txipi Ormaetxea (arg.), ''Txillardegi lagun giroan'', Bilbo: UEU. ISBN 84-8438-007-6 * Zapiain, Markos 2024: ''Txillardegi hizkuntzalari'', Donostia, Elkar. ISBN 978-8413604473 == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722213809/http://www.idazleak.eus/english/writers/jose-luis-1929-2012-alvarez-enparantza-txillardegi?h=A&p=2 Peeji Txillardegi na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Basque Writers' Association] Archived Wayback Machine * (n'asụsụ Basque) [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035023/http://www.hamaika.tv/tb/bideo/10002743 Akụkọ banyere Txillardegi] site na Hamaika Telebista (2014). * (n'asụsụ Basque) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200723231625/http://txillardegi.gipuzkoakultura.net/index.php Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na Txillardegi na web ''gipuzkoakultura.net''] nke Kansụl Provincial nke Gipuzkoa. * (n'asụsụ Spanish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722213807/http://txillardegi.gipuzkoakultura.net/index-es.php Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na Txillardegi na web ''gipuzkoakultura.net''] nke Kansụl Provincial nke Gipuzkoa. 69gofal38uooydavywac6ffdja35x05 Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh 0 56179 743537 645491 2026-11-06T00:56:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743537 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Infobox officeholder||honorific-suffix=[[Teachta Dála|TD]]|image=Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh 2024 (cropped).jpg|caption=Ní Raghallaigh in 2024|office=[[Teachta Dála]]|term_start=[[2024 Irish general election|November 2024]]|term_end=|constituency=[[Kildare South (Dáil constituency)|Kildare South]]|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth based on age as of date |41|2024|12|7|slash=y}}<ref name=IT_20241207>{{cite news|last=O'Halloran|first=Marie|date=7 December 2024|title=Seven lawyers, six teachers, a theatre manager, an undertaker ... who's who in the 34th Dáil?|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2024/12/07/seven-lawyers-six-teachers-a-theatre-manager-an-undertaker-whos-who-in-the-34th-dail/|work=[[The Irish Times]]|access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref>|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[Sinn Féin]]|spouse=|children=4|alma_mater=|website=}} '''Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1982/1983) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Irish Sinn Féin bụ onye bụbu osote Dála (TD) maka mpaghara Kildare South kemgbe ntuli aka izugbe 2024.<ref name="oireachtas_db">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Sh%C3%B3nagh-N%C3%AD-Raghallaigh.D.2024-11-29/|title=Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh|work=Oireachtas Members Database|accessdate=20 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 December 2024|title=Louth General Election 2024 updates: Sinn Féin takes two seats as counting to resume on Monday morning|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/elections-2024/louth-general-election-2024-updates-sinn-fein-takes-two-seats-as-counting-to-resume-on-monday-morning/a86881116.html|accessdate=2 December 2024|work=Irish Independent|language=en}}</ref> == Mbido na ndụ onwe onye == O nwere ụmụ anọ.<ref name="auto" /> Ọ na-asụ asụsụ Irish nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 December 2024|title=Meet the candidates: who's running in Kildare South - News - Kildare Nationalist|url=https://www.kildare-nationalist.ie/news/meet-the-candidates-whos-running-in-kildare-south_arid-39407.html|accessdate=2 December 2024|work=kildare-nationalist.ie|language=en}}</ref> Tupu ọ bụrụ TD ọ bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=25 May 2024|title=Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh|url=https://vote.sinnfein.ie/local-election/shonagh-ni-raghallaigh/|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=Sinn Féin|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609004058/https://vote.sinnfein.ie/local-election/shonagh-ni-raghallaigh/|archive-date=9 June 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní Raghallaigh so na County Kildare isi nke mkpọsa ịdị n'otu nke Ireland Palestine . <ref name="IT_20241201" /> O nwere nsogbu nleba anya nhụsianya hyperactivity (ADHD), nke a chọpụtara na ọ bụ onye toro eto. == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == A họpụtara ya na ntuli aka Kildare County Council nke 2024 na June 2024.<ref name="elecs_irl">{{Cite web|url=https://www.electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=12232|title=Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh|work=ElectionsIreland.org|accessdate=20 January 2025}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ruo mgbe a họpụtara ya na Dáil na Nọvemba 2024 . <ref name="IT_20241201">{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=1 December 2024|title=Kildare South: Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh (SF)|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2024/12/01/kildare-south-shonagh-ni-raghallaigh-sf/|work=[[The Irish Times]]|accessdate=10 December 2024}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2024/12/01/kildare-south-shonagh-ni-raghallaigh-sf/ "Kildare South: Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh (SF)"]. </cite></ref> == Echiche ndi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na ntuli aka na Dáil, Ní Raghallaigh gwara The Irish Times "Ịkwalite Gaeilge bụ isi ihe kachasị mkpa nye m. Ekwenyere m na asụsụ ahụ karịrị naanị akụ ọdịbendị; ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ maka njikọ na njirimara ma o kwesịrị ọdịnihu dị egwu". Ní Raghallaigh kwuru na ọ na-ahụ Dáil dị ka "ikpo okwu dị mkpa iji mee ka Gaeilge dị mma ma mee ka mkpa ọ dị na ndụ Irish nke oge a pụta ìhè" nakwa na ọ chọrọ "igosi na asụsụ ahụ bụ maka onye ọ bụla, ma ị na-eme nke ọma ma ọ bụ naanị na-amụta ihe". Ní Raghallaigh gwakwara The Irish Times na o nwere ADHD ma chọọ ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị na-achọ ọgwụgwọ uche. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere Sinn Féin na agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche na 19 Febụwarị 2025. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ní Raghallaigh, Shónagh}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] a0gkc3lxp8i1trwmg2wfsqq78kwqevu Rhyme na-agba ọsọ 0 56428 743495 641815 2026-11-05T18:54:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ụda egwu ịwụ''' (mgbe ụfọdụ '''ịwụ ụdọ ụdọ''' ma ọ bụ '''ukwe na-awụli elu''' ), bụ egwu ụmụaka na-abụ mgbe ha na-amali . Edekọwo ukwe ndị dị otú ahụ na omenala niile ebe a na-egwu egwu. Achọtala ihe atụ nke ukwe n'asụsụ Bekee na-aga azụ na opekata mpe narị afọ nke 17. Dị ka ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo, a na-achọtakarị ukwe mwụli n'ụdị dị iche iche. Edemede a gụnyere abụ ndị ụmụaka na-asụ Bekee na-eji. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:Der_kleine_Kinderfreund_T02_img04.jpg|thumb| Ihe atụ German nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-awụli elu, c. 1860]] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kọrọ na ha hụrụ ka ndị agbata obi ji osisi vaịn na-awụli elu na narị afọ nke 16. Ụmụ nwoke ndị Europe malitere ịwụ ụdọ na mmalite narị afọ nke 17. A na-ewere ihe omume a dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma maka ụmụ agbọghọ n'ihi na ha nwere ike igosi nkwonkwo ụkwụ ha. O nweghị egwu metụtara. Nke a gbanwere na mmalite narị afọ nke 18 ka ụmụ agbọghọ malitere ịwụ elu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skip-hop.co.uk/history-of-skipping-c28.html|title=The History of Skipping|author=Robert-Shaw|first=Scott|accessdate=December 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207083935/http://www.skip-hop.co.uk/history-of-skipping-c28.html|archive-date=December 7, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ha gbakwunyere abụ ndị ahụ, nwee eriri, na-achịkwa egwuregwu ahụ, ma kpebie onye sonyere. <ref name="folk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.historicalfolktoys.com/catcont/92001.html|title=The Jump Rope Book|accessdate=November 2, 2016|date=1996|publisher=HistoricalFolkToys.com|archivedate=July 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722230900/http://www.historicalfolktoys.com/catcont/92001.html}}</ref> Na United States, ụmụ agbọghọ na-achịkwa ọrụ ahụ bụ mgbe ezinụlọ ha kwagara n'obodo ukwu ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19. N'ebe ahụ, ha hụrụ okporo ụzọ na ebe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma na-adaba na ụdọ ịwụ elu, tinyere ọtụtụ ndị ha na ha dịkọrọ ndụ. <ref name="folk"/> Onye nkuzi America bụ Lucy Nulton mụọ ukwe nke ụdọ ịwụ elu n'etiti narị afọ nke 20. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=1948-05-16|title=Children Create Own Folklore in Jump Rope Rhymes|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-children-create-ow/143447446/|accessdate=2024-03-16|work=The News and Observer|pages=43}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Nulton|first=Lucy|date=1948|title=Jump Rope Rhymes as Folk Literature|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/536973|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=61|issue=239|pages=53–67|doi=10.2307/536973|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> Ebe ọzọ na-atụ aro na, tupu afọ 1833, imepụta pantalettes mere ka ụmụ agbọghọ nwee ike ịwụli eriri n'esepụghị ụkwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jumping Rope [Advice Book]|url=https://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/items/show/432|work=Children & Youth in History|publisher=[[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]]|accessdate=November 14, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129093922/http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/case-studies/340|archivedate=November 29, 2010}}</ref> Ebu n'obi na-abụ abụ iji hazie egwuregwu ahụ ma bụrụ nke abụọ, na-akọwa okwu nzuzu ma ọ bụ egwu na-enweghị isi. Egwu ndị a bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebufe ha site na nwata gaa na nwata na-enwekarị ihe kpatara ya, n'adịghị ka ukwe ụmụaka na-ebufe site n'aka okenye gaa na nwata na-enwekarị ụkpụrụ omume. Egwu nwere ike ịnwe ntụaka maka enyi nwoke ma ọ bụ alụmdi na nwunye. == Ihe atụ nke abụ == Ụmụaka abụọ nwere eriri ogologo guzoro ihe dịka 12 feet (3.7 m) iche na tụgharịa eriri ka ụmụaka ndị ọzọ na-atụgharị na-awụlikwa elu. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ abụghị ezigbo jumper, otu ga-abụ 'Ever-Laster,' ya bụ, otu ga-atụgharị eriri ahụ mgbe niile. Mgbe oge nwata na-awụli elu, ha na-abata ka ụdọ ahụ tụgharịrị, na-awụlikwa elu n'ụda ahụ ruo mgbe ọ tụfuru. Mgbe ahụ, ha ga-aghọ onye na-atụgharị ụdọ, nwa na-esote ya ga-anọchikwa ha. N'otu aka ahụ, egwu egwu na-eyi egwu Hiphop taa n'ụdị egwu egwu na njedebe nke ahịrị na ha na-adọrọ adọrọ na ụda nke dị mfe iburu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === Maba n'ime, wulie elu === Maka ahịrị ndị nwere ike ịwụ elu, amachibidoro ndị na-awụli elu n'oge site n'ogologo egwu ahụ. Ha na-abata na mmalite, mapụ na njedebe, onye na-agba ọsọ na-esote wee were oge ha. : Charlie Chaplin gara France : Ikuziri umunwanyi ka esi agba egwu. : Mbụ ikiri ụkwụ, emesia mkpịsị ụkwụ. : Mgbe ahụ nkewa, na gburugburu gị na-aga! : Ekele dịrị Captain, : kpọọ isiala nye eze nwanyị, : Ma tụgharịa azụ azụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị Nazi ! Na nsụgharị ọzọ, onye nkuzi bụ "Benjamin Franklin." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buyjumpropes.net/resources/jump-rope-rhymes-songs-buyjumpropesnet/|title=The Great List of Jump Rope Rhymes & Skipping Songs|accessdate=November 2, 2016|author=Matt Hopkins|date=July 5, 2014|publisher=buyjumpropes.net|archivedate=November 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104012545/https://www.buyjumpropes.net/resources/jump-rope-rhymes-songs-buyjumpropesnet/}}</ref> Na egwu Charlie Chaplin, nwatakịrị na-awụli elu aghaghị ịgbaso ntụziaka ka eriri na-atụgharị: imetụ ikiri ụkwụ nke otu ụkwụ n'ala; imetụ mkpịsị ụkwụ nke otu ụkwụ ahụ aka n'ala; na-eme nkewa (mkpụmkpụ) nke ụkwụ, na-atụgharị, na-ekele, na-ehulata, na-awụlikwa elu site na eriri ntụgharị na ahịrị ikpeazụ. Ihe egwu a, c. 1942, na-egosipụta mmata ụmụaka banyere [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]]. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> Ụdị egwu nke Charlie Chaplin Skipping nke Ọstrelia, dịka a na-abụ na Salisbury Primary School na Brisbane, [[Ostraliya|Australia]] n'etiti 1950s, bụ nke a: : Charlie Chaplin gara [[France]], : Ikuziri umunwanyi ka esi agba egwu, : Nke mbụ o mere Rumba, : Mgbe ahụ, o mere mgbanwe ahụ, : Mgbe ahụ, o mere Highland Fling, : O wee mee nkewa ahụ. E nwekwara "Betty Grable gara France,/Ịkụziri ndị agha otú e si agba egwu." (Ndị ọzọ bụ otu.)  : Nwere obere ụgbọ ala, : Abụọ na iri anọ na asatọ, : Na-agba ọsọ gburugburu cor-- - ''onye na-agba ọsọ na-awụpụ, ndị na-atụgharị na-aga n'ihu na syllable ruo mgbe ha ga-abanyeghachi'' -ner : ma kụọ brek, ma breeki ahụ arụghị ọrụ. : Ya mere, adara m otu nwanyị nke mabara nwoke. : Onye tubara ụgbọ ala uwe ojii, nwoke, nwoke! : Onye uwe ojii jidere m : Tinye m n'ikpere ya, : Ajụrụ m ajụjụ : Ị ga-alụ m? : Ee, Mba, Ma eleghị anya, (ugboro ugboro) : Ha niile jikọtara ọnụ, nnụnụ nke nku: : Jenụwarị, Febụwarị, Maachị, Eprel, Mee, wdg (Nwa ọ bụla ga-amaba n'ime ọnwa a mụrụ ya). : Ahụrụ m London, ahụrụ m France, : A na m ahụ (xxx) uwe ime, : Ọbụghị nnukwu, ọ bụghị oke obere, : Naanị nha nke Montreal (ma ọ bụ naanị nha cannonball, mgbidi Berlin, wdg) Mgbanwe ọzọ: : Ahụrụ m London, ahụrụ m France, ahụrụ m (xxx) uwe ime ụlọ. : Ha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ? Ha bụ pink? Amaghị m mana ha na-esi ísì! : Onye nkuzi, onye nkuzi, a na m ekwuwapụta, ahụrụ m (xxx) uwe ime (ma ọ bụ ihe efu) ==== Okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==== Na Dublin, Ireland, nleta nke ndị nyocha a maara dị ka " Glimmer men " na ụlọ ndị mmadụ iji mee ka usoro iwu gbochie iji mmanụ gas n'ime awa amachibidoro n'oge ihe mberede mere ka:  : Debe ya na-esi ísì ụtọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwetaghị nri abalị. === Ịgụ ukwe === A na-ezube ọtụtụ ukwe iji gụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mwụli elu nke onye na-achị ya na-agba na-asụghị ngọngọ. Ndị a bụ nke amachibidoro n'oge mgbe enwere obere jumpers na oge dị ukwuu. Ụda ndị a nwere ike were ụdị dị mfe. Achịkọtara abụ a na [[London]] na 1950: : Big Ben kụrụ otu,  : Big Ben gbara abụọ, : Big Ben gbara atọ, : ( wdg) Nsụgharị ọzọ nọchiri anya, " [[Ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka|teddy bear]] " maka "urukurubụba. Enwere ike dee nke a tupu mmalite narị afọ nke 20, ruo oge Theodore Roosevelt . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://playgroundjungle.com/2009/12/teddy-bear-teddy-bear-the-long-history-of-a-jump-rope-rhyme.html|title=Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear: The Long History of a Jump Rope Rhyme|accessdate=November 2, 2016|author=Adam Selzer|date=December 17, 2009|publisher=PlaygroundJungle.com|archivedate=November 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002621/http://playgroundjungle.com/2009/12/teddy-bear-teddy-bear-the-long-history-of-a-jump-rope-rhyme.html}}</ref> A na-esonyekarị ụkpụrụ ụdọ ndị China na-awụli elu na abụ abụ. Ụkpụrụ diamond na-esonyere ya na mkpụrụedemede ndị na-asụpe "diamond" ("DIAMONDS"), ebe ụkpụrụ ndị America, dị ka ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ, na-esonyere aha mmegharị ndị a na-eme mgbe ha na-eme ụkpụrụ ahụ ("aka nri, aka ekpe, aka nri, aka ekpe, n'ime, pụta / mepee, na, na."). === Ụda olu ọsọ === Ebum n'obi ụfọdụ ukwe iji nwalee ike nke jumper site na ịtụgharị eriri ngwa ngwa. Isi okwu ịmalite ịtụgharị ngwa ngwa na-abụkarị "ose" iji gosi ọsọ, dịka: : Mable, Mable, : Tọọ okpokoro, : Echefula nnu, : Mmanya, : Mọstad, : Ose! (ntụgharị ngwa ngwa na-esochi) * Mgbe a na-akpọ " ose na-ekpo ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie ", ndị na-atụgharị ga-atụgharị eriri ngwa ngwa dị ka ha nwere ike. === Nwa nwanyị Dutch mara mma === "Pretty Little Dutch Girl" bụ egwu dị ogologo, ogologo oge maka ụda dị mfe, mana a na-ewepụtakarị maka ụdọ ịwụ. "Aha di m bụ Fatty. O si Cincinnati." Ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, "Aha di m bụ Alfred, O si Atlanta, Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'uko ụlọ ..." Ihe niile mebere na mkpali nke oge. Enwere ike ịmanye onye jumper ịwụpụ mgbe ọ dechara akwụkwọ ozi, ma ọ bụ hapụ ya ka ọ gaa n'ihu ruo mgbe ọ naghị emepụta egwu ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụ mebie. === Ụkwe akụkọ ihe mere eme === Egwuregwu ndị ọzọ na-adị oke egwu, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-adị ndụ ogologo oge ka ihe omume ndị kpaliri ha apụọla n'isi akụkọ. Ikekwe egwu kachasị egwu nke ụdị a bụ nke malitere ikesa n'oge ikpe 1892 nke Lizzie Borden . N'agbanyeghị ọchịchọ Borden ka ọ ghara ịnọ n'ihu ọha - na n'agbanyeghị na a chọpụtaghị ya - ụmụaka na-eso ya gburugburu ma na-abụ abụ. O mechara malite iji ya dị ka ukwe eji mgbe a na-awụ ụdọ: : Lizzie Borden were anyụike : O nyere nne ya iko iri anọ. : Mgbe ọ hụchara ihe o mere. : O nyere nna ya ọgu iri anọ na otu. : Lizzie Borden gbapụrụ, : Maka mpụ ya ọ naghị akwụ ụgwọ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Tucker|first=Elizabeth|date=September 30, 2008|title=Children's Folklore: A Handbook|url=https://archive.org/details/childrensfolklor00tuck|series=Greenwood Folklore Handbooks|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-0313341892}}</ref> * Ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ukwe a na-eso ya, a na-anụ [[wiktionary:wordplay|okwu egwu]] na "influenza," n'oge ọrịa ọrịa flu 1918 : : Enwere m obere nnụnụ, : Aha ya bụ Enza. : Emeghere m windo : Na na-efe efe-enza. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/1198/lynch.html|author=Lynch|first=Eileen A.|title=The Flu of 1918|work=The Pennsylvania Gazette|date=November–December 1998|publisher=University of Pennsylvania (UPenn.edu)|access-date=2015-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050304055539/http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/1198/lynch.html|archive-date=2005-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=March|first=Peyton C.|authorlink=Peyton C. March|title=General March's Narrative: Glimpses of Woodrow Wilson|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 4, 1932|page=XX3, Special Features section|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/09/04/archives/general-marchs-narrative-glimpses-of-woodrow-wilson-the-wartime.html}}</ref> Nke a sitere na mmachibido iwu:  : Mba, agaghị m aga na Casey ọzọ, karịa, karịa, : Enwere onye uwe ojii buru ibu n'akụkụ ọnụ ụzọ, ọnụ ụzọ, ọnụ ụzọ. : Ọ na-ejide gị n'olu, : Na-eme ka ị kwụọ otu dollar. : Mba, agaghị m aga Casey's ọzọ. == Hụkwa == * Lincoln Beachey * Chinese ima elu eriri * Egwuregwu ịkụ aka == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == * Iona na Peter Opie (1959). ''Lore na asụsụ ụmụ akwụkwọ.'' Oxford University Press . <sup class="noprint Inline == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/NCFR/ Agụmakwụkwọ CyberPlayGround Jumprope, Egwuregwu ịkụ aka na egwu.] * [http://www.gameskidsplay.net/jump_rope_ryhmes/ Ụda Jump-Rope] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230425230347/http://www.playgroundjungle.com/search/label/jump%20rope%20rhymes Malie Ụda Rhymes] * [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qglppi1b9n6jra7nvbbppn04yangezi Ratoncito Pérez 0 57056 743488 631421 2026-11-05T17:51:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Raton_Perez_(Cuento)_pg_1.jpg|thumb|261x261px|Ihu akwụkwọ nke mbipụta mbụ nke akụkọ ''Raton Pérez'' nke Luis Coloma, nke Mariano Pedrero sere[es]]] El Ratoncito Pérez ma ọ bụ Raton Pérez (lit. transl. Perez the Little Mouse ma ọ bụ Perez Mouse) bụ otu n'ime ụmụ Spanish nke omenala American Hispanic.  Akụkọ ọdịnala Ekwu bụ na mgbe ụmụaka dara na mmiri, ha kwesịrị itinye ya n'okpuru akwa ma ọ bụ na tebụl n'akụkụ akwa ma hapụ ya ma ha na-ehi ụra.  Ọ bụ ezie na ọ pụtara na mbụ na akụkọ ọdịnala nke Vain Little Mouse, ọ bụ Luis Coloma bụ onye a mụrụ na 1894 n'obodo Eze Alfonso nke Iri na Atọ dị afọ asatọ.. Omenala ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọdịbendị Spanish, na obere ọdịiche. A maara ya dịka "El Ratoncito Pérez", ma e wezụga na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke Mexico, Guatemala, Peru na Chile, ebe a na-akpọ ya "El Ratón de los Dientes" (transl. The Tooth Mouse), na Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay na Colombia, ebe a maara ya dị ka "El Ratán Pérez". N'otu aka ahụ na Philippines, ụfọdụ agbụrụ Ndị Kraịst nwere otu ihe ahụ na-ezo aka na òké mgbe ha tụfuru ezé. Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka mba ndị Hispanic, a naghị akpọ òké aha. El Ratoncito Pérez na-eme ihe nkiri na 2006 Spanish-Argentine The Hairy Tooth Fairy na ihe na-eso ya na 2008. E jikwa ya mee ihe na ahịa Colgate na Venezuela. == Mmalite ==   [[Faịlụ:Ratoncito_estatuta.JPG|thumb|Ihe oyiyi ọla nchara nke El Ratoncito Pérez]] A makwaara dị ka Ratón Pérez, Ratonpérez ma ọ bụ Ratompérez bu ụzọ pụta na akụkọ ọdịnala La hormiguita (transl. The Little Ant), nke yiri The Vain Little Mouse.  E bipụtara akụkọ ndị ahụ na mbipụta mbụ nke Cuentos, oraciones, adivinanzas y refranes populares (1877) nke Fernán Caballero dere.[1]  Luis Coloma, onye bụ akụkụ nke saịtị nka asụsụ Spanish, bụ akụkọ ifo eze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/raton/protagonistas01.htm|title=CVC. Ratón Pérez|accessdate=10 December 2020|quote=He wrote works that were very well received by his readers: Pequeñeces, Boy, Jeromín... and children's stories, like Pelusa and Ratón Pérez, which were dedicated to his friends and pupils. Luis Coloma appears to be the first author to write a story featuring our famous mouse.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101123150/https://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/raton/protagonistas01.htm|archive-date=1 November 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 1894, Eze Kwaley Maria Christina nyere Coloma aha Eze Alfonso nke Iri na Atụ, bụ onye nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ.[1]  Akụkọ Coloma gbadoro ụkwụ na Ratón Pérez, onye ezinaụlọ nke gbara igbe kuki n'okpuru ụlọ ahịa Prast dị na Madrid, mana ọ na-agbapụkarị n'ebe ọkpọkọ obodo, wee banye n'ime ụlọ ụmụaka ndị nwụrụ anwụ.  Akụkọ ahụ kọwara na onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịbịakwute ya ghọgburu ya, gụnyere mmekọrịta ya na Eze Buby (nke bụ njirimara Eze Kwaley Maria Christina na Alfonso nke ụdị atọ).). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sadurní, J. M.|date=7 May 2019|title=Luis Coloma y el Ratoncito Pérez, el cuento que nació como un regalo para una reina|url=https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/luis-coloma-y-ratoncito-perez-cuento-que-nacio-como-regalo-para-reina_14131|language=es|accessdate=10 March 2025|archivedate=1 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401042256/https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/luis-coloma-y-ratoncito-perez-cuento-que-nacio-como-regalo-para-reina_14131}}</ref> E bipụtara akụkọ ahụ na 1902 tinyere akụkọ ndị ọzọ na Nuevas lecturas. N'afọ 1911, e bipụtara ''Raton Pérez'' na nke mbụ ya dị ka akụkọ kwụụrụ onwe ya ma Mariano Pedrero gosipụtara ya.[es] Ihe odide mbụ nke Coloma, nke nwere mbinye aka ya na nraranye ya nye Eze Alfonso nke Iri na Atọ, ka edebere ugbu a na nchekwa nke Royal Library na Royal Palace nke Madrid.<ref name="cvc03" /> Na 2003, Council City nke Madrid nyere Ratón Pérez ebe ncheta na Number 8 Calle del Arenal [es], ebe ekwuru na ọ bụ enwe.  Ebe nchekwa ahụ na-agụ: "A nọ m ebe a, abụ m onye na-emepụta kuki nke ụlọ ahịa Prast, Ratón Pérez, dị ka akụkọ Coloma degaara nwa Eze Alfonso nke Iri na Atọ si say".  Ọ bụ ya mere o ji bụrụ onye mbụ ndị ọchịchị obodo na-echeta.  N'akụkụ ụlọ ahụ, nke nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a, bụ ihe ncheta ihe oyiyi ọla ọzọ.. == Mgbanwe == [[Faịlụ:Ratoncito_placa.jpg|thumb|Ihe ncheta ọla nchara nke e debere n'ime ụlọ ebe a sịrị na El Ratoncito Pérez biri]] Akụkọ mbụ nke Coloma akọwaala ma gbanwee ya n'ụdị dị iche iche kemgbe e bipụtara ya. Otu n'ime akụkọ ndị a bụ nsụgharị Bekee nke Lady Moreton, nke akpọrọ Perez the Mouse na nke George Howard Vyse sere, nke e bipụtara na 1914.<ref name="cvc03">{{Cite web|url=http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/raton/protagonistas03.htm|title=CVC. Ratón Pérez|accessdate=10 December 2020|quote=The manuscript of Father Coloma, with his signature and a dedication to King Alfonso XIII, is bound in green leather with a gold brooch and gilt edges. It remains in the vault of the Royal Palace Library.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217090129/https://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/raton/protagonistas03.htm|archive-date=17 February 2021|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/raton/protagonistas03.htm "CVC. Ratón Pérez"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>The manuscript of Father Coloma, with his signature and a dedication to King Alfonso XIII, is bound in green leather with a gold brooch and gilt edges. It remains in the vault of the Royal Palace Library.</q></cite></ref> Mgbanwe ndị ọzọ gụnyere El ratoncito Pérez (1999) nke Olga Lecaye, La mágica historia del Ratoncito Perez (1996) nke Fidel del Castillo, ¡''S.O.S., zọpụta obere òké Pérez!'' (1995) nke Eduardo Galán na Ratoncito Pérez, na Vuelo de Cometas (1999) nke Vicenta Fernández Martín.<ref name="cvc03"/> El Ratón Pérez gbara egwu na ihe nkiri 2006 Spanish-Argentine The Hairy Tooth Fairy nke Juan Pablo Buscarini duziri, na nke ọzọ na 2008.[es] [1] Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri 2012 DreamWorks Animation Rise of the Guardians.  Ọ na-ejikwa ahịa Colgate na Venezuela. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.producto.com.ve/productor/gdental.html|title=Producto.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020074258/http://www.producto.com.ve/productor/gdental.html|archivedate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> Ihe event Handy Manny "Julieta's Tooth" contact "Mr. Perez" aha n'etiti aha aha utikasi ọ ọ ọ maka "ezé ezé" iji were ezé ya mgbe Manny wethait ya n'ọnyà mꞌi.  Na ihe omume 5 nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Spanish El Internado, "Un cadaver en La Laguna", El Ratoncito Pérez yiri ka ọ bụ Paula.. == Hụkwa == * Ezé Fairy * [[Obere òké]] * Hammaspeikko - Finnish ezé troll * [[Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Spain]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|45em}} * Lainez, Rene Colato (2010). Ezé Fairy zutere El Raton Perez. Ihe osise nke Tom Lintern.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-58246-296-7|978-1-58246-296-7]].&nbsp; * Luis Coloma, Ratón Pérez (2000), na ihe osise nke Cruz Pintor * José Manuel Pedrosa, Akụkọ Nzuzo nke Ratón Pérez (2005) == Njikọ mpụga == * Ratón Pérez nke Luis Coloma, nke Mariano Pedrero sere - akụkọ mbụ, nke Project Gutenberg nyere (n'asụsụ Spanish) * [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29447/29447-h/29447-h.htm Perez the Mouse nke Luis Coloma, nke Lady Moreton sụgharịrị, nke George Howard Vyse sere] - nke Project Gutenberg nyereỌrụ Gutenberg * Ratoncito Pérez - The Tooth Fairy of Spain - Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nsụgharị Bekee iyfu2bn06tb8e1rim51p9112z1x1k2e Public folklore 0 57112 743483 723327 2026-11-05T16:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743483 wikitext text/x-wiki Akụkọ ọha bụ ọrụ nke ndị na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọha ntọala United States of Canada na mpụga kọleji, dị ka Council gị, ebe mosi ihe mgbe ochie, Ememme life traditional, redio station, wdg.  Ndị otu American Folklore Society chepụtara okwu a bụ "folklore" na mbido 1970s.. == Ogologo ọrụ == Ndị na-akọ akụkọ gbasara omenaala ọha na-agụnye n’akwụkwọ, ichekwa ihe, n’igosipụta ụdịdị omenala, ọrụ nke omenala ndị Egwú, na ụdị ndụ ndị ọzọ.  N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, ndị mmadụ na-etinye aka na mmepe akụ na ụba nke mba ahụ.  Ndị na-akọ akụkọ ọha na eze na-arụ ọrụ na mmemme "ihe oswe tara n'ihi na m na-egosi ndị na-ekwu maka traktị ahụ. Ṅaa  Emepere m mmemme mmụta iji kwalite nkuzi saịtị ọdịnala maka ndị nna ukwu.  Mmemme redio ọdịnala Ha na-egosikwa dị ka American Routes of Public Radio International.  Site n'oge ruo n'oge, m mepụtara ihe nkiri nke bụ akụkụ nke omenala;  Smithsonian folklorist Marjorie Hunt meriri ihe nrite Academy maka obere ihe nkiri ya nke 1984 The Stone Carvers banyere ndị na-ese ihe nke National Katidral na Washington, D.C.  Studentsmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Memorial arụwo ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ obodo, gụnyere egwuregwu ọdịnala, [1] ihe ngosi nka mpaghara, [2] [3] akụkọ injin ụgbọ mmiri, [4] ndị ọrụ obodo..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Harron|first=Janet|date=February 24, 2012|title=A tisket, a tasket ... who's got a mill basket?|work=Today.Mun.CA|url=http://today.mun.ca/news.php?news_id=7060|accessdate=2020-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812212107/http://today.mun.ca/news.php?news_id=7060|archive-date=2020-08-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Morry|first=Alicia|date=2013-11-21|title=Raving for Rugelach|url=http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/muse/id/23523|journal=Muse|volume=64|issue=11|pages=4}}</ref> == Akụkọ ọdịnala ọha na eze na United States of America == Na US, ọ bụ Archie Green bụ onye guzobere usoro ọdịnala ọha, n'agbanyeghị na ọrụ a dabere na nke Ben Botkin na Alan Lomax, na-alaghachi na 1930s.  (Ọ kpọrọ ọrụ ahụ "akụkọ ifo," ọ dịkwa ka ọ dị iche.) Akụkọ ifo na United States nwere ike ịmaliteghachi na okike nke American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress na 1970s, saịtị nke omume Congress, nke Sen.  Ralph Yarborough (D-TX) kwadokwara atụmatụ Green sitere n'aka onye enyemaka Senate Jim Hightower.  Mgbe e mesịrị, e hiwere mmemme Smithsonian Institution's National Endowment for Arts (NEA), ebe ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dịka Ralph Rinzler, Alan Jabbour na Bess Lomax Hawes rụrụ ọrụ.. E guzobere mmemme ego na 1970s na 1980s n'ihe karịrị kansụl nka steeti 40, ndị a mekwara ka e mepụta ma ọ bụ nye ego maka akwụkwọ na ngosi nke ndụ ọdịnala, dị ka City Lore na Center for Traditional Music and Dance na New York, Texas Folklife Resources, Northwest Folklife, Western Folklife Center, na Philadelphia Folklore Project. Smithsonian Institution na-egosipụta Smithsonian Folklife Festival kwa June na July nke na-adọta ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ iji nụ ihe ngosi na-eme na ikiri ngosipụta nke ọrụ aka ọdịnala. N'afọ ọ bụla, a na-enye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri America ama ama 15 National Heritage Fellowships na webụsaịtị NEA.  Ụfọdụ ndị a ma ama n'ime afọ ndị a gụnyere John Lee Hooker, BB.  King, Clifton Chenier, Earl Scruggs, Michael Flatley, Shirley Caesar, Albertina Walker, Janette Carter, Koko Taylor, Brownie McGhee, Sonny Terry, Jean Ritchie, Sunnyland Slim, Lydia Mendoza, Boozoo Chavis, Zakir Hussain, Helen Cordero, Margaret Tafoya, Santiago Jiménez, Manlines, Manlines, Manlines, Jr Nwoke, & Ndị ìsì, Nwoke Nwoke. == Akụkọ ọdịnala ọha na eze na Canada == Ọganihu nke akụkọ ọdịnala ọha na eze na Canada agbasoro ụzọ dị iche karịa na United States, na agụmakwụkwọ ọdịnala nke na-akpali karịa site na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na akụ na ụba karịa site na ọnọdụ mba ụwa na agụmakọta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Henderson|first=M. Carole|date=1973|title=Folklore Scholarship and the Sociopolitical Milieu in Canada|journal=Journal of the Folklore Institute|volume=10|issue=1/2|pages=97–107|doi=10.2307/3813882}}</ref> Enwere ike ịhụ nke a dị ka akụkụ nke "ụzọ pụrụ iche nke Canada" <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Greenhill|first=Pauline|date=2002|title=Afterword: The "Journal of American Folklore" and Americanist versus Canadianist Traditions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-folklore_spring-2002_115_456/page/283|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=115|issue=456|pages=283–292|doi=10.2307/4129224|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> ụzọ maka ọdịnala. Otu n'ime mbọ mbụ iji weta agụmakwụkwọ akụkọ ifo n'ihu ọha bụ nguzobe nke Canadian Folk-Lore Society na Toronto na 1908 n'okpuru nduzi nke David Boyle, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Ontario, [1] na enweela mmekọrịta chiri anya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Canada kemgbe ahụ.  Mgbalị ndị ọzọ mbụ gụnyere mmepe Alberta Folk-Lore and Local History Project na 1944-45, na nguzobe nke Canadian Folk Music Society na 1957, n'okpuru nduzi nke Marius Barbeau, [1] onye akọwara dị ka onye ọkọ akụkọ ọdịnala mbụ nke Canada.  [2] Na 1950s, Barbara Cass-Beggs chịkọtara egwu ndị mmadụ, akpọrọ egwu asatọ nke Saskatchewan, wee jee ozi dị ka onye enyemaka dị mkpa na Saskatchew History & Folklore Society na 1957..<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://saskmuseums.org/files/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_in_Saskatchewan_Museums.pdf|title=Intangible Cultural Heritage in Saskatchewan Museums|publisher=Museums Association of Saskatchewan|pages=2|archive-date=2022-12-08|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208005219/https://saskmuseums.org/files/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_in_Saskatchewan_Museums.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe Herbert Halpert guzobere Ngalaba Folklore na Mahadum Newfoundland na 1968, Halpert na Violetta Halpert kere MUNFLA, mmemme mmụta ọdịnala nke Memorial gụnyere ọmụmụ oge ụfọdụ na omenala Eji nke ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Neil Rosenberg mebere wee lara ezumike nka na 2004. Siga  Ngwongwo ndị na-echekwa anyị gara aga 1883-1935 na-egosi akụkọ akụkọ hockey Canada "Rocket" Richard;  [2] nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Michael Taft enyela aka ịmepụta ọrụ akụkọ ifo ọha dịka Discovering Saskatchewan Folklore;  [3] Richard MacKinnon gụsịrị akwụkwọ, onye na-ejide ọnọdụ nke Canada Cultural Research Chair of Intengible Heritage, rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ọrụ omenala.[4][5][6]  N'afọ 2020, ngalaba akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ncheta bụ naanị mmemme akụkọ zuru oke na mba ahụ..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mercer|first=Juanita|date=May 27, 2019|title=Memorial University department is country's only comprehensive Anglophone folklore program|work=The Telegram|url=https://www.saltwire.com/news/local/memorial-university-department-is-countrys-only-comprehensive-anglophone-folklore-program-315943/|accessdate=2020-09-14}}</ref> Na 1976, n'okpuru nduzi nke ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Jean Hamelin, University of Laval kere Center d'Etudes sur la Langue, les Arts et les Traditions Populaire des Francophones d'Amerique du Nord (CELAT) nke mepụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ethnology gụsịrị akwụkwọ bụ ndị nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie, nchekwa na nkà mmụta ihe ochie.  etiti.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Guigne|first=Anna Kearney|date=1996|title=The Politics of Culture and Public Sector Folklore in Quebec: The Role of Laval University's Centre d'Etudes sur la Langue, les Arts et les Traditions Populaire des Francophones d'Amerique du Nord (CELAT) and I'Ethnologie Quebecois|url=http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cult_trad/id/2605|journal=Culture & Tradition|volume=18|pages=5–22}}</ref> N'èzí Quebec, na n'agbanyeghị ọrụ nke òtù ndị dị ka Canadian Museum of Civilization na ndị na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala n'otu n'otu, ngalaba nke akụkọ ọdịnala na nke ọha na eze ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto. N'afọ 2002, e kwuru,<blockquote>"...enweghị ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala nke Canada na-enye ego zuru oke na narị afọ nke 20 emeela ka mmepe nke ọdịnala ọha na eze na Canada ghara ịga nke ọma. The Folklore Studies Association of Canada na onye bu ya ụzọ, Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies, ma ndị gọọmentị na-enye ụgwọ, emetụtala iwu ọdịbendị gọọmentị. Site n'ị mepụta iwu ọdịbendụ siri ike, a nọgidere na-elekwasị anya n'ichekwa ọdịnala ụwa ochie, na ileghara ọdịnala ọdịnala dị ugbu a anya. " </blockquote>N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị Canada gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite omenala ọha na eze na n'èzí ụlọ akwụkwọ.  N'otu afọ ahụ, o kwuru na "ọtụtụ ndị Laval [akụkọ ihe mere eme] gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-achọta ọrụ na ngalaba ọha".  Agbanyeghị, Canada akwadoghị nkwekọrịta ahụ ruo 2020.[2]  Guzobere ntọala nke ọdịbendị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke Newfoundland na Labrador na 2008, na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ omenala ọha.: <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pocius|first=Gerald|date=2010|title=THE EMERGENCE OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE POLICY IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR|url=https://www.mun.ca/ich/resources/NQ.pdf|journal=Newfoundland Quarterly|volume=103|issue=1|pages=43–45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Harrison|first=Suzy|url=http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/36760/1/Suzy%20Harrison%20-%202019.pdf|title=The Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in England: A Comparative Exploration|publisher=Nottingham Trent University|year=2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jarvis|first=Dale Gilbert|date=2014|title=Reframing and Extending Tradition: Intangible Cultural Heritage and Public Folklore in Newfoundland and Labrador|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B__a4Rm4ZOIKZTF6aFhfNXh3bVk/view|journal=Volkskunde|volume=3|pages=361–377}}</ref><blockquote>Newfoundland na Labrador na-ewere ọrụ nke ichebe ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya "akụkọ ọdịnala nke ngalaba ọha na eze". N'ihi ya, mpaghara ahụ anabatala atụmatụ maka ichebe nke kwekọrọ na Nkwekọrịta ICH UNESCO, mana ọ ka bụ nke pụrụ iche na Newfoundland and Labrador. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Sutherland|first=Tonia|url=http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23889/1/sutherlandt_etd2014.pdf.pdf|title=RESTAGING THE RECORD: THE ROLE OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHIVES IN SAFEGUARDING AND PRESERVING PERFORMANCE AS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|year=2014|archive-date=2024-10-05|access-date=2025-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005011510/https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23889/1/sutherlandt_etd2014.pdf.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> </blockquote>Onye mgbasa ozi ọha Dale Gilbert Jarvis kwadoro mmemme ahụ, nke bụkwa nke mbụ n'ime akụkọ ifo nke Canada.   N'okpuru nduzi ya, mmemme ahụ meriri 2019 Jeonju International Award maka ịkwalite ICH. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-10-08|title=Intangible cultural heritage earns tangible award|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/heritage-nl-award-1.5310076|accessdate=2020-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dale Jarvis uses storytelling and folklore to capture intangible cultural heritage|url=https://nationaltrustcanada.ca/online-stories/dale-jarvis-uses-storytelling-and-folklore-to-capture-intangible-cultural-heritage|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=National Trust for Canada|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2007, Mahadum Memorial goro Jillian Gould, onye akụkọ ifo nwere nzụlite na akụkọ ọdịnala ọha, [1] wee malite na 2010 Ncheta malitere MA.  na ụzọ nkuzi nkwado ọha na nke etinyere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ chọrọ ịka nka na akụkọ ọdịnala ọha.[2]  Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme ahụ aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na òtù dị iche iche gụnyere Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland na Labrador, MUNFLA, Obodo St.  John's, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ụgbọ mmiri nke NL, Archive Days Days, Ememme Mummers, Folk Arts Society of NL, Obodo Deer Lake, na The Rooms. Ikike ndị ọzọ agbasowo ọrụ akụkọ ifo ọha nke Quebec na Newfoundland na Labrador.  Heritage Saskatchewan goro onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkọ ifo Mahadum Memorial Kristin Catherwood n'ọrụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ma na-egosipụta ọnọdụ Newfoundland na Labrador enweghị atụ.  Ọ tinyela aka na ọrụ akụkọ ọdịnala dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrụ na obodo n'oge mgbanwe akụ na ụba, [1] [2] [3] Prairie barn, [4] [5] na ndụ ugbo n'oge COVID-19..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catherwood chronicles life on a Sask. farm amid COVID-19 in NFB film|url=https://leaderpost.com/news/local-news/catherwood-chronicles-life-on-a-sask-farm-amid-covid-19-in-nfb-film|accessdate=2020-09-15|work=Regina Leader Post|language=en-CA}}</ref> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} qynstao6fqegdyr0742eiz34zixs3ql Wanjira Mathai 0 59127 743591 638551 2026-11-06T10:28:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Wanjira_Mathai_at_Global_Scholars_Symposium_2013.jpg|thumb|Wanjira Mathai]] Wanjira Mathai (amuru Disemba 1971) bu onye Kenya na gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-akwado ya. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa maka Africa na Global Partnerships na World Resources Institute, nke dabeere na Nairobi, Kenya.[1] N'ime ọrụ a, ọ na-ebute nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ gụnyere igbutu osisi na ịnweta ike. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime 100 Kasị Mma Ndị Afrịka site na akwụkwọ akụkọ New African na 2018 maka ọrụ ya na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ dị elu na World Resources Institute, yana maka mkpọsa ya ịkụ ihe karịrị 30 nde osisi site na ọrụ ya na Green Belt Movement..<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.alueducation.com/our-list-of-top-influential-african-women-in-2018/|title=Our List of Top Influential African Women in 2018|date=2019-03-12|work=ALU|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2021-06-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622235021/https://www.alueducation.com/our-list-of-top-influential-african-women-in-2018/}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Mathai ma zụlite ya na [[Kenya]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://womensactivism.nyc/stories/2279|title=Women's Activism NYC|work=womensactivism.nyc|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://events.stanford.edu/events/309/30943|title=Trees for Africa and Beyond: The Vision Continues|author=Stanford Event Calendar|work=events.stanford.edu|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2021-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026205443/https://events.stanford.edu/events/309/30943/}}</ref> Nne ya, Wangari Maathai, bụ onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gburugburu ebe obibi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nwanyị Africa mbụ meriri Nobel Peace Prize, na 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2004/maathai/cv/|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2004|work=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-38222562/my-mother-the-nobel-peace-prize-pioneer|title=My mother, the Nobel Peace Prize pioneer|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|date=8 December 2016|accessdate=2019-12-29}}</ref> Mathai bụ nwa akwụkwọ na State House Girls' High School na Nairobi. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ kwagara Geneva, New York, ịga Hobart na William Smith Colleges, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na bayoloji wee gụchaa na 1994.[1] [2] [3] Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na Ahụike Ọha yana na nchịkwa azụmahịa site na Mahadum Emory.[4][5][1] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Mathai sonyeere Carter Center, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na njikwa ọrịa.[6] N'ebe a, ọ mụtara gbasara ọrịa ndị metụtara obodo Africa, dị ka dracunculiasis, onchocerciasis na lymphatic filariasis..<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://nairobigarage.com/we-zoomin-on-wpowers-director-wanjira-mathai/|title=We #Zoomin: on WPower's Director Wanjira Mathai|date=2017-03-16|work=Nairobi Garage|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029114605/https://nairobigarage.com/we-zoomin-on-wpowers-director-wanjira-mathai/|archive-date=2021-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nnyocha na ọrụ == === Green Belt Movement === Mathai na-eje ozi na World Future Council na Board nke Green Belt Movement (GBM), [1] nke nne Wanjira tọrọ ntọala na 1977. Na mbụ, Mathai jere ozi dị ka Director of International of Affairs of GBM site na 2002, ma emesịa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke nzukọ ahụ.[2] [3] Na nzukọ a, o duziri mmemme inye ego na nleba anya n'ịchịkọta akụrụngwa, yana kwado mgbasa ozi mba ụwa.[4] Ọ chọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị na-anabata nke ọma mgbe GBM kpọrọ oku ka ndị mmadụ nyere aka ịkụ osisi.[4] Mathai ekwuola na ọrụ ya n'ịkụ osisi, nke a na-akpọkwa agroforestry, sitere na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke nne ya.[5] Mgbe nne ya nwetasịrị Nrite Nobel Peace na 2004, Mathai so ya gaa njem nlegharị anya ụwa.[6] Mgbe nne ya nwụrụ na 2011, Mathai nyeere aka na-eduzi ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ n'oge mgbanwe.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.metisfund.org/2019-fellows/wanjira-mathai|title=Wanjira Mathai|work=Metis Fund|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2019-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227185332/https://www.metisfund.org/2019-fellows/wanjira-mathai}}</ref> === Òtù na ntọala ndị ọzọ === [[Faịlụ:Wanjira_Mathai,_The_Green_Belt_Movement,_Kenya_Board_Chair_and_Director_of_Wangari_Maathai_Institute_address_the_audience.jpg|thumb|Mathai na-ekwu okwu dị ka onye nduzi nke Wangari Maathai Institute]] Mathai na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ukwu nke Partnerships for Women Entrepreneurs in Renewables, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldagroforestry.org/board-member/wanjira-mathai|title=Wanjira Mathai|work=World Agroforestry {{!}} Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=An Evening with Wanjira Mathai, Director - wPOWER Hub|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muPSF5_8S7w|language=en|date=19 July 2016|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> nke na-akwalite ụmụ nwanyị na nduzi [[Ike mmeghari ohuru|ike na-agbanwe agbanwe]] na mgbalị iji weta ihe ọhụrụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde ụmụ nwanyị anọ na East Africa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://skoll.org/contributor/wanjira-mathai/|title=Skoll {{!}} Wanjira Mathai|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> Nye Mathai, njikọ ụmụ nwanyị na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ otu n'ime ike akụ na ụba, na-emezu ọtụtụ n'ime ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.<ref name=":1" /> N'agbanyeghị mmepe ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eme na Kenya, ụmụ nwanyị ka na-etinye ọtụtụ awa n'ụbọchị na-anakọta nkụ, ọkara nke ọnwụ niile n'ime ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise na-eme n'ihi [[mmetọ ikuku]] ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cynthiauntamed.com/2017/02/21/wanjira-mathai-women-and-energy/|title=WANJIRA MATHAI; WOMEN AND ENERGY|date=2017-02-21|work=Cynthia {{!}} UNTAMED|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> Mathai na-eje ozi na kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke Clean Cooking Alliance, ọ bụkwa onye otu Earth Chapter International Council. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cleancookingalliance.org/about/our-team/9.html|title=Our Team {{!}} Wanjira Mathai|work=Clean Cooking Alliance|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2021-05-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514230234/https://www.cleancookingalliance.org/about/our-team/9.html}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=The Green Belt Movement|url=http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/|work=www.greenbeltmovement.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2019-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922064433/http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/}}</ref> Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nke Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cifor.org/bot/wanjira-mathai/|title=Wanjira Mathai|work=Center for International Forestry Research|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị na-arụ ọrụ EQ nke abụọ isii. <ref name=":10"/> Ndị ọrụ a na-achọ ịkwalite ọgụgụ isi mmetụta uche ma kwado ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ọdịbendị nke ịdị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.6seconds.org/about/|title=A Billion People Practicing Emotional Intelligence: The EQ Network Vision|work=Six Seconds|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-08}}</ref> Kemgbe afọ 2016, Mathai jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke Wangari Maathai Foundation . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/mynetwork/3141096-3507380-uoiab2z/index.html|title=Being the best is not important, doing the best is what matters|work=Daily Nation|first=Millicent|author=Nwololo|language=en|date=5 July 2020|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peaceboat.org/english/news/video-wanjira-mathai|title=Video: Wanjira Mathai|work=Peace Boat|language=en|date=8 January 2019|accessdate=2019-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415183553/https://peaceboat.org/english/news/video-wanjira-mathai|archive-date=2022-04-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wangarimaathai.org/about-us/|title=About Us – Wangari Maathai|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2020-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218152724/http://www.wangarimaathai.org/about-us/}}</ref> Ntọala ahụ na-achọ ịkwalite ihe nketa nke Wangari Maathai site n'ịkwalite ọdịbendị nke ebumnuche na ndị na-eto eto na-eje ozi dị ka ndị isi. Mgbe a jụrụ ya maka ọrụ ya na ntọala ahụ, Mathai zaghachiri, sị: "Anaghị m na onyinyo nne m, ana m etinye aka n'ìhè ya...".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wikina|first=Ebenezar|date=2016-01-27|title=Beyond COP21: My Stroll With Wanjira Mathai, Director, wPOWER Hub, Wangari Maathai Institute & Chair, the Green Belt Movement|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/beyond-cop21-my-stroll-wi_b_9067150|accessdate=2019-12-27|work=[[HuffPost]]|language=en}}</ref> Ntọala ahụ nwere ihe atọ a na-ebute ụzọ: idebe Ụlọ Wangari Muta Maathai, ịkụnye nkà idu ndú n'etiti ndị ntorobịa iji kwalite ihe okike na obi ike n'oge ha bụ nwata (''Wanakesho''), na mkpakọrịta maka ndị na-eto eto.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://news.globallandscapesforum.org/28956/values-based-youth-leadership-education-key-to-environmental-sustainability-wangari-maathai-foundation-chair/|title=Values-based youth leadership education key to environmental sustainability: Wangari Maathai Foundation chair|date=2018-08-17|work=Landscape News|first=Natasha|author=Elkington|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27}}</ref> Dị ka ihe atụ nke okwukwe ya na mkpa ọ dị ịkụziri ndị ntorobịa ihe, ọ bụ onye nduzi ọrụ maka Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies na Mahadum Nairobi (WMI). Ụlọ ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ụkpụrụ omume dị mma na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. <ref name=":9"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wmi.uonbi.ac.ke/index.php/basic-page/our-vision|title=Our Vision {{!}} Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies|work=wmi.uonbi.ac.ke|accessdate=2020-04-07}}</ref> Ịkụziri ndị ntorobịa ihe bụ otu n'ime ebumnuche Maathai, ọ na-ekwukwa, sị: "A naghị amụ ụmụ mmadụ na-arụrụ aka. N'oge ụfọdụ, omenala nke na-akwalite uru nke onye ọ bụla karịa ọganihu nke otu. "Ọ kwenyere na ịkụziri ndị ntụrụndụ ga-enye ohere maka iwu udo na mbelata nrụrụ aka na Kenya, dịka ndị ntorobịa ga-etolite ịghọ ndị isi n'ọdịnihu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.ted.com/we-the-future-2019-talks-from-ted-skoll-foundation-and-united-nations-foundation/|title=We the Future 2019: Talks from TED, the Skoll Foundation and the United Nations Foundation|date=2019-09-25|work=TED Blog|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-07}}</ref> Ọ na-ekwukarị okwu banyere isiokwu ndị a, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu na-akpali akpali na isiokwu nke idu ndú ndị ntorobịa, gburugburu ebe obibi, na Mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref name=":10"/> Na mgbakwunye, Mathai na-anọdụ na bọọdụ nke The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) na Kenya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/p/wanjira-mathai/|title=Wanjira Mathai|work=World Future Council|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2022-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419144711/https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/p/wanjira-mathai/}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, a họpụtara Mathai dị ka otu n'ime ndị Afrịka 100 kachasị emetụta site na magazin New African, yana Top Influential African Women site na African Leadership University. <ref name=":8"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiss100.co.ke/11-kenyans100-influential-africans/|title=Hurray! 11 Kenyans make it to the list of 100 most influential Africans|author=Lily|first=Mwangi|date=2018-12-02|work=Kiss FM|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2019-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227223040/https://kiss100.co.ke/11-kenyans100-influential-africans/}}</ref> Dị ka ọnwa Disemba 2019, Mathai abụrụla onye osote onye isi ala na onye isi mpaghara maka Africa na World Resources Institute.[1][2] N'ime ikike a, Mathai mere ka Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi Kenya Judi Wakhungu kwenye iweghachi acres nde 12.6 nke ala a kpọkọrọ nkụ na Kenya ka ọ na-erule 2030, na-ewulite n'ihe nketa nne ya na-eme ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi.[3] Nke a bụ akụkụ nke African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100), nke Mathai na-ahụ maka ya, atụmatụ iweghachi ihe karịrị 100 nde hectare nke ala a kpochapụrụ n'Africa n'afọ 2030.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africabusinesscommunities.com/agribusiness/news/world-resources-institute-appoints-wanjira-mathai-as-regional-director-for-africa/|title=World Resources Institute appoints Wanjira Mathai as Regional Director for Africa|author=Koigi|first=Bob|work=Africa Business Communities|language=en|date=19 December 2019|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2021-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024171110/https://africabusinesscommunities.com/agribusiness/news/world-resources-institute-appoints-wanjira-mathai-as-regional-director-for-africa/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rekordeast.co.za/afp/127051/at-cop21-africans-aim-to-restore-100-million-hectares-of-forest/|title=At COP21, Africans aim to restore 100 million hectares of forest {{!}} AFP|date=2014-07-24|work=Rekord East|accessdate=2019-12-27|archivedate=2019-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227223050/https://rekordeast.co.za/afp/127051/at-cop21-africans-aim-to-restore-100-million-hectares-of-forest/}}</ref> == Onyinye == N'ọnwa Eprel 2023, magazin TIME kpọrọ Wanjira dịka otu n'ime mmadụ 100 kachasị nwee mmetụta na 2023. N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị 100 nke BBC dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-akpali akpali na ndị nwere mmetụta n'ụwa. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|date=November 23, 2023|title=BBC 100 Women 2023: Who is on the list this year?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-02d9060e-15dc-426c-bfe0-86a6437e5234|accessdate=2023-11-24|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tsoenb3j4ilid49zrqxsztkifzdea6f Themba Mthembu 0 59869 743560 452648 2026-11-06T05:14:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|office=[[KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature|Member of the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|termstart=6 May 2009|term_end=28 May 2024|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Provincial Legislature|MPL]]|predecessor1=[[Cyril Xaba]]|office1=[[Executive Council of KwaZulu-Natal|Member of the KwaZulu-Natal Executive Council for Agriculture and Rural Development]]|termstart1=8 June 2016|successor1=[[Bongi Sithole-Moloi]]|termend1=May 2019|otherparty=[[South African Communist Party]]|premier1=[[Willies Mchunu]]|birth_place=[[Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal|Inanda]], [[Natal province|Natal]]<br />[[Union of South Africa]]|birth_date={{birth-date and age|1958}}}} '''Richard Themba Mthembu''' (amụrụ 1958) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke nọchitere anya African National Congress na ọgbakọ omebe iwu KwaZulu-Natal Provincial site na 2009 ruo 2024. Ọ bụbu onye KwaZulu-Natal onye otu Executive Council for Agriculture and Rural Development site na June 2016 ruo Mee 2019. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ mpaghara nke South Africa Communist Party na KwaZulu-Natal kemgbe 2002. == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == A mụrụ Mthembu na 1958 na Inanda na KwaZulu-Natal nke ugbu a (mgbe ahụ Natal Province ). Nne ya bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ na nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Profile of Richard Themba Mthembu|url=https://www.kzndard.gov.za/images/Documents/aboutus/MEC/PROFILE_OF_RICHARD_THEMBA_MTHEMBU.pdf|accessdate=26 January 2023|work=KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116115859/http://www.kzndard.gov.za/images/Documents/aboutus/MEC/PROFILE_OF_RICHARD_THEMBA_MTHEMBU.pdf|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na KwaMashu wee tozuo oke dị ka onye na-ahụ maka injinia kemịkalụ na Mahadum Teknụzụ Mangosuthu ; mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ntorobịa na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Hon. RT Mthembu|url=https://kznlegislature.gov.za/members/hon-rt-mthembu/|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=KZN Legislature|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125233811/https://kznlegislature.gov.za/members/hon-rt-mthembu/}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na òtù ndị ọrụ ahia site na [[National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union|National Education, Health and Allied Workers 'Union]], bụ nke o sonyeere mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe dị ka onye ọrụ nkà na ụzụ. <ref name=":1" /> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na African National Congress (ANC) mgbe a machibidoro ya iwu na 1990. <ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'afọ 2002, a họpụtara Mthembu onye odeakwụkwọ mpaghara nke ngalaba KwaZulu-Natal nke South Africa Communist Party (SACP), ezigbo enyi ANC . <ref name=":0"/> N'ịgbaso ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2009, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ oche ANC n'ụlọ omebe iwu KwaZulu-Natal Provincial, nọ n'ọkwa nke iri atọ na atọ na ndepụta pati mpaghara ANC . <ref>{{Cite web|date=29 April 2009|title=KwaZulu-Natal MPLs elected April 22|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/kwazulunatal-mpls-elected-april-22|accessdate=2023-02-01|work=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> Ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya nke onwe ya ka ọ were oche ahụ, bụ nke o ji n'aka ụlọ ọrụ SACP ya. <ref name=":1"/> Na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ oche ndị omebe iwu ya, bụ nke 32nd na ndepụta pati ANC. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Richard Themba Mthembu|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/rt-mthembu/|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=People's Assembly|language=en}}</ref> N'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ katọrọ ndị KwaZulu-Natal ANC nke ukwuu, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi na-aga n'ihu ịchụpụ Senzo Mchunu dịka onye isi ala KwaZulu-Natal . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Madlala|first=Cyril|date=2016-06-06|title=Themba Mthembu's Getting Harried Tonight: Surprise SACP pick weighs key KZN job offer|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-06-06-themba-mthembus-getting-harried-tonight-surprise-sacp-pick-weighs-key-kzn-job-offer/|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref> === Ndị isi oche: 2016–2019 === Mgbe e mesịrị wepụrụ Mchunu dị ka Premier na May 2016, ọ nọchiri ya Willies Mchunu, bụ onye, obere oge ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ, kwupụtara nhazi ọkwa nke ụlọ ọrụ nke Mthembu họpụtara na KwaZulu-Natal Executive Council dị ka onye òtù Executive Council (MEC) maka Agriculture na Development Rural. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Harper|first=Paddy|date=6 June 2016|title=4 MECs gone in KZN cabinet 'purge'|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/4-mecs-gone-in-kzn-cabinet-purge-20160606|accessdate=2023-01-08|work=City Press|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ele nhọpụta Mthembu anya dị ka mgbalị iji mee ka obi dị SACP obi, <ref name=":2" /> SACP na-akatọ mmegharị ahụ, na-ekwu na a jụtaghị ya tupu ekwuputa ngbanwe ahụ. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=7 June 2016|title=Themba Mthembu can serve as MEC – SACP KZN|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/themba-mthembu-can-serve-as-mec--sacp-kzn|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> Mthembu rịọrọ ka enye ya 24 awa iji tụlee nkwalite, <ref name=":4"/> ma n'ikpeazụ, na nkwado SACP, <ref name=":5" /> nabatara; a ṅụrụ iyi dị ka MEC na 8 June 2016, otu ụbọchị ka ndị MEC ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ gasịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2016|title=KZN SACP's Themba Mthembu sworn in as agriculture MEC|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/kzn-sacps-themba-mthembu-sworn-in-as-agriculture-mec-20160608|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe Mthembu nọ na-eje ozi dị ka MEC, nkwado ya na-aga n'ihu maka Jacob Zuma, Onye isi ala South Africa, ghọrọ isi iyi nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, karịsịa ka SACP na-akawanye njọ nke Zuma. N'ọnwa Mee 2018, Mthembu butere esemokwu site n'ịkpọ Zuma ka ọ bụrụ ọbịa pụrụiche n'oge okwu votu mmefu ego ya na ụlọ omebe iwu mpaghara; Ndị ụlọ omebe iwu mmegide mere ngagharị iwe maka ọbịbịa Zuma. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=29 August 2018|title=I've got no beef with Blade' says SACP KZN head Themba Mthembu|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-08-29-ive-got-no-beef-with-blade-says-sacp-kzn-head-themba-mthembu/|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=Sunday Times|language=en-ZA}}</ref> A kọrọ na Mthembu na Zuma na-akpachi anya mere ka mmekọrịta ya na Blade Nzimande bụ onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke mba SACP na-achị ugbu a ma bụrụkwa onye bụbu onye mmekọ nke Mthembu; A chụrụ Nzimande n'ọchịchị Zuma na ngwụcha afọ 2017. <ref name=":6" /> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2018-07-27|title=Zuma's SACP buddy is in the firing line|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-07-27-00-zumas-sacp-buddy-is-in-the-firing-line/|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> A kọkwara na Mthembu ga-enwe nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka ọrụ ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ mpaghara SACP. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2018|title=SACP KZN to hold fiercely contested congress|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/news/sacp-kzn-to-hold-fiercely-contested-congress-16707191|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=IOL|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":7" /> Otú ọ dị, mgbe e mere ogbako nhọpụta mpaghara mpaghara SACP ọzọ na Pongola na August 2018, a họpụtara ya ọzọ n'enweghị mmegide, dịka onye isi oche mpaghara James Nxumalo . <ref name=":6" /> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-31|title=SACP makes a bid to refocus on its roots|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-08-31-00-sacp-makes-a-bid-to-refocus-on-its-roots/|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> === Onye isi oche: 2019-ugbu a === Na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2019, a họpụtara Mthembu ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ oche ya n'ụlọ omebe iwu mpaghara, bụ nke 38 na ndepụta pati ANC. <ref name=":3"/> Agbanyeghị, a họpụtaghị ya na Council Executive n'okpuru onye isi ala Sihle Zikalala a họpụtara ọhụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=27 May 2019|title=Premier Sihle Zikalala announces his KZN cabinet|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/premier-sihle-zikalala-announces-his-kzn-cabinet-20190527|accessdate=2023-01-08|work=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Kama, a họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nke kọmitii n'ụlọ omebe iwu. <ref name=":1"/> Na Nọvemba 2020, a họpụtara ya osote onye isi oche nke ndị omebe iwu nke KwaZulu-Natal Provincial, na-eje ozi n'okpuru Ọkà Okwu [[Ntobeko Boyce]] ; ọ nọchiri Mluleki Ndobe, bụ́ onye nwụrụ na mbido ọnwa ahụ, ma Siboniso Duma nọchiri ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mtshali|first=Samkelo|date=27 November 2020|title=Mthembu elected deputy speaker of KZN legislature|work=The Mercury|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-mercury-south-africa/20201127/281672552499844|accessdate=11 December 2020}}</ref> Tupu ogbako nhọpụta mpaghara mpaghara SACP na-esote na Mee 2022, a naghị atụ anya nhoputa ntuli aka Mthembu ga-eche mmegide ọ bụla dị mkpa ihu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mavuso|first=Sihle|date=18 May 2022|title=KZN SACP leaders set to retain positions uncontested during weekend's conference|url=https://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/news/kwazulu-natal/kzn-sacp-leaders-set-to-retain-positions-uncontested-during-weekends-conference-f0909375-28d8-4f36-af8e-86d805e1f7c6|accessdate=2023-01-25|work=IOL|language=en}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Mr Richard Themba Mthembu at People's Assembly [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lbpqbbkteaop34o3a33kiqfrit16h3r Uzo Azubuike 0 60756 743579 210019 2026-11-06T08:51:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} '''Charles Uzo Azubuike''' bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu na-anọchite anya [[Obi Ngwa|Obingwa]] West steeti na Abia State House of Assembly. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Abia State House of Assembly site na 2007 ruo 2011. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-11-02|title=Why people thought Reps wanted to impeach President Jonathan - Hon. Azubuike|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/11/people-thought-reps-wanted-impeach-president-jonathan-hon-azubuike/|accessdate=2024-12-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=eribake|first=akintayo|date=2013-12-21|title=Abia 2015: It's the turn of Ukwa-Ngwa people—Hon. Azubuike|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/12/abia-2015-turn-ukwa-ngwa-people-hon-azubuike/|accessdate=2024-12-28|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Agwu|first=Udoka|date=2023-03-08|title=Ahiwe has the experience to turn Abia around quickly, Ex-deputy speaker, Azubuike, says|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/ahiwe-has-the-experience-to-turn-abia-around-quickly-ex-deputy-speaker-azubuike-says/#google_vignette|accessdate=2024-12-28|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchiteanya [[Aba North]] / [[Aba South]] na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Naịjirịa Na 7th National Assembly site na 2011 ruo 2015 n'okpuru nche anwụ nke People's Democratic Party (PDP) == Mmalite na mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Uzo Azubuike ma zụlite ya na Abia Steeti , N == Mmụta == Azubuike gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na steeti Abia. Ọ gara Mahadum Abia (ABSU), ebe o nwetara nzere bachelọ na iwu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Kashgain|title=Uzo Azubuike: Biography, Family and Political Career|url=https://kashgain.net/blog/uzo-azubuike-biography-family-and-political-career/|accessdate=2024-12-28|work=kashgain.net|language=English|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228121724/https://kashgain.net/blog/uzo-azubuike-biography-family-and-political-career/|archive-date=2024-12-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Uzo Azubuike anọwo n'ọkwá dị iche iche n'oge ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya.Ọ bụ onye otu Abia House Ụlọ MGBAKỌ ọc == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t51vika321ga71a5u59rpnxehkf99pa Winifred Mary Page 0 65721 743596 741358 2026-11-06T11:20:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Winifred Mary Page''' (11 Nọvemba 1887 - 9 Machị 1965) bụ onye ihe okuku nke British, onye taxonomist, na Mycologist amaara maka nyocha gbasara fungi na [[Laiken|lichens]], nke e bipụtara na Transactions of the British Mycological Society . N'afọ 1951, a họpụtara ya na Linnean Society nke London mgbe ọ ruru n'oge 60s ya. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Winifred Mary Page na ụbọchị 11 Nọvemba 1887. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ, taxonomist, na mycologist a maara maka nyocha ya gbasara fungi na lichens nke e bipụtara na Transactions of the British Mycological Society. N'afọ 1951, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Linnean Society nke London mgbe ọ ruru n'oge 60s ya.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Page, Winifred Mary|url=http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?id=67685|accessdate=22 September 2018|work=kiki.huh.harvard.edu|publisher=Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421171301/http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?id=67685|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Page nwụrụ na ụbọchị 9 Maachị 1965. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Ogilvie|first=Marilyn|authorlink=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUCUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT270|title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135963439|language=en|accessdate=22 September 2018}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOgilvieHarvey2003">[[Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|Ogilvie, Marilyn]]; [[Joy Harvey|Harvey, Joy]] (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rUCUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT270 ''The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century'']. Routledge. p.&nbsp;972. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781135963439|<bdi>9781135963439</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref>   == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} boobo3x01flzgexwmf95b74d8f1c29l Rachel Blodgett Adams 0 66137 743485 475256 2026-11-05T17:04:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743485 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rachel Blodgett Adams''' (Ọktoba 13, 1894-Jenụwarị 22, 1982) bụ onye America na-eme [[Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ|mgbakọ na mwepụ]] na otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nwetara nzere doctorate na mgbakọ na mwepụta na Radcliffe College na 1921. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Rachel Blodgett na Woburn, Massachusetts, ọkpara n'ime ụmụ atọ nke Mabel Edith Owen na William Edward Blodgett, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha gara mahadum. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Woburn High School na 1912, ọ banyere Wellesley College wee gụọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na Latin. Na mgbakwunye na ọmụmụ ya, ọ sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ Shakespeare Society wee mee cornet na egwu egwu egwu. N'agụmakwụkwọ, ọ nwere onyinye ma kpọọ ya onye ọkà mmụta Wellesley na 1914 na onye ọkà mmụta Durant na 1915. ⁷Blodgett gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ ya (B.A.) na 1916, wee gaa ọmụmụ ihe na Harvard n'oge ọkọchị ahụ. Ọ kwagara Montreal, Quebec, Canada iji kụzie mgbakọ na mwepụ na Miss Edgar's na Miss Cramp's School ruo 1918. Ọ laghachiri Massachusetts iji gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na ọrụ aka ya. === Nnyocha === N'ime afọ atọ sochirinụ, Blodgett gbasoro nyocha dị elu na kọleji Radcliffe, ebe ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ Edward Austin maka opekata mpe afọ abụọ yana mkpakọrịta Mary E. Horton maka afọ ikpeazụ ya. Ya na William Fogg Osgood na Oliver Dimon Kellogg rụkọrọ ọrụ. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu (MA) na 1919, wee gaa n'ihu nweta Ph.D. na mgbakọ na mwepụ na 1921. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rachel Blodgett - The Mathematics Genealogy Project|url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=252490|work=www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu|accessdate=2020-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728023724/https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=252490|archive-date=2020-07-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na-esote, Dr. Blodgett were ọnọdụ nkuzi na Wellesley. Rachel Blodgett lụrụ onye mgbakọ na mwepụ a zụrụ na Harvard Clarence Raymond Adams (1898-1965) na August 17, 1922, na Eden Park, na Providence, Rhode Island. (A maara ya nke ọma dị ka "C.R. Adams.") N'oge ahụ, C. R. Adams bụ onye njem Sheldon si Harvard, nke nyere di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ ọhụrụ ohere ịga mba ofesi na nkwụsị na Rom na [[Göttingen]], Germany. Mgbe ha laghachiri na US na 1923, ndị mgbakọ na mwepụ abụọ ahụ biri na Providence, Rhode Island, ebe C. R. guzobere ọrụ ya na Mahadum Brown ma mesịa duzie ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụta n'ebe ahụ. Blodgett, onye a maara ugbu a dị ka '''Dr. Rachel Adams,''' gara n'ihu na nyocha ya ruo afọ ole na ole, dị ka onye mgbakọ na mwepụ Judy Green si kwuo, <blockquote>"Ọ dịkarịa ala n'ime afọ 1920, AdAMS gara n'ihu na-enwe mmasị na nhazi zuru oke. G. C. Evans nke Rice Institute jiri ozi sitere na edemede ya na nyocha sara mbara nke akwụkwọ gbasara nhazi zuru oke maka Monthly na 1927. Ọ gosipụtara nsonaazụ ya na AMS na 1926 wee bipụta ha na American Journal na 1929. "</blockquote>Adams tinyekwara ọtụtụ afọ na-akụzi ụmụ akwụkwọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na alma mater ya, Radcliffe College, site na 1926 ruo 1941, ya na enyi ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya Mary Graustein, Ph.D., na ebumnuche nke ịgba ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị ume. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Adams debanyere aha ya na National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel na Washington, D.C. iji nyere aka na agha agha, mana achọtabeghị nkwenye nke onyinye ọ bụla ọ nwere ike ime dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme ahụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Central Intelligence Agency|url=http://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP67-00059A000300140091-3|title=NATIONAL ROSTER OF SCIENTIFIC AND SPECIALIZED PERSONNEL|date=1947-01-09|others=Emma Best|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Carmichael|first=Leonard|date=1941-03-07|title=The National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel: A Progress Report|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.93.2410.217|journal=Science|language=en|volume=93|issue=2410|pages=217–219|doi=10.1126/science.93.2410.217|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17775937}}</ref> === Afọ ndị sochirinụ === N'oge alụmdi na nwunye ha, Rachel na C. R. Adams jiri ụgbọala mee njem nke ukwuu na United States na Europe. Di na nwunye ahụ amụghị ụmụ. Ọ nwụrụ na 1965 mgbe ọ dị afọ 67. == Ihe Nketa == Na atụmatụ ala ya, Rachel nyere Wellesley College Blodgett Fund, ma kwuo na a ga-eji ego ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ. == Ndị otu == * Phi Beta Kappa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wellesley College News|url=https://repository.wellesley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1492&context=news|author=|first=|date=1916-04-13|work=Wellesley News|accessdate=2020-05-21}}</ref> * Sigma Xi * American Mathematical Society * Njikọ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke America == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * Blodgett, Rachel E. "Ijipụta ntụ ụlọ ọrụ mee ka Arsenic kwụsie ike na ala emetọ site na Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Treated Wood. " ''Masters Abstracts International''. Izu ohi 50. Nke 03. 2011. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Nkọwapụta nke Coefficients na Interpolation Formulae: Na Nnyocha nke Ngwọta nke Integral Equations''. Akwụkwọ edemede, Radcliffe College, 1921. * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Na ngwọta nke Fredholm's Homogeneous Integral Equation. American Journal of Mathematics. '''51'''(1): 139–148. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:10.2307/2370568. ISSN 0002-9327.&nbsp; == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Rachel Blodgett}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iq20b1ntqxgqoooqe58g00lthmylqwd Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher 0 67192 743559 644489 2026-11-06T04:54:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743559 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%" |<div class="nickname" lang="ti"><templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">Ọ na-egbuke egbuke</span></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1940-02-19</span>)</span> 19 Febụwarị 1940<div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Adwa, Tigray Governorate, Italian East Africa (nke dị ugbu a na Tigray Region, Ethiopia) </div> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nwụrụ | class="infobox-data" |20 Machị 2023 <span style="display:none">(2023-03-20)</span> (afọ 83) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data category" |Onye Etiopia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma mater&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Mahadum Haile Selassie nke Mbụ * Mahadum nke North Wales </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onyinye | class="infobox-data" |Ihe nrite nke ndụ ziri ezi |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ọrụ sayensị''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Onye ndụmọdụ doctoral | class="infobox-data" |Prọfesọ P. Greig Smith (Ph.D.) |} '''Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher''' (19 Febrụwarị 1940 – 20 Maachị 2023) bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị Etiopia onye meriri ihe nrite nri nri ziri ezi na 2000 "maka ọrụ ihe atụ ya ichekwa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na ikike ọdịnala nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na obodo na akụrụngwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ha. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Tewolde na Adwa, obodo dị na Tigray Region na 19 February n'afọ 1940. Ọ bụ nwanne onye ode akwụkwọ ama ama Sebhat Gebre-Egziabher. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Negeste Saba (Queen of Sheba) na Adwa site na October n'afọ 1951 ruo n'afọJune 1955. A nabatara Tewolde na General Wingate Secondary School na Addis Ababa wee gụọ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ site na Septemba n'afọ 1955 ruo Julaị 1959. A nabatara ya na Addis Ababa (mgbe ahụ Haile Selassie I) University, Addis Ababa ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ site na Septemba n'afọ 1959 ruo Julaị n'afọ 1963 merie gold melor. maka gụsịrị akwụkwọ kacha mma na ngalaba sayensị. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na School of Plant Biology, Mahadum North Wales site na Ọktoba n'afọ 1966 – Nov. n'afọ 1969 wee nye ya PhD n'okpuru Prof. P. Greig Smith. Ph.D.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ces.uc.pt/emancipa/cv/gen/egziabher.html|title=Tewolde Behran Grebe Egziabher|author=|first=|date=2002|work=|publisher=Centro de Estudos Sociais Laboratório Associado Universidade de Coimbra|accessdate=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322201939/https://www.ces.uc.pt/emancipa/cv/gen/egziabher.html|archive-date=2025-03-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tewolde rụrụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Biology na Mahadum Addis Ababa site n'afọ 1963, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nnyemaaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ, osote onye nkuzi, na osote prọfesọ. A họpụtara ya onye isi ngalaba nke Sayensị n'afọ 1974, wee jee ozi n'ọrụ a ruo n'afọ 1978, mgbe a họpụtara ya onye isi prọfesọ nke bayoloji. N'afọ 1978 ọ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ nwa oge na Sayensị Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ Etiopia dị ka onye ndu nke IDRC-UNU na-akwado ọrụ nyocha "Nchọpụta na mmepe na Ntọala ime obodo". Site n'afọ 1980 ruo n'afọ 1996, ọ bụ onye ndu oru ngo nke Ethiopian Flora Project, <ref name="UNEP">{{Cite web|url=http://staging.unep.org/champions/laureates/2006/tewolde.asp#sthash.EZYuFvZu.dpbs|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150407125159/http://staging.unep.org/champions/laureates/2006/tewolde.asp#sthash.EZYuFvZu.dpbs|title=2006 Laureates|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme|archivedate=2015-04-07}}</ref> na-arụ ọrụ na Olov na Inga Hedberg. <ref name="SD">{{Cite journal|author=Sebsebe Demissew|title=The Ethiopian Flora Project: Lessons learnt|journal=Proceedings of the 4th Global Botanic Gardens Congress|date=June 2010|url=https://www.bgci.org/files/Dublin2010/papers/Demissew-Sebsebe.pdf|accessdate=22 December 2024}}</ref> A họpụtara Tewolde ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Mahadum Asmara n'afọ 1983, ma nọrọ n'ọkwa a ruo n'afọ 1994. Site na Machị 1995 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi njikwa nke Nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi Etiopia. <ref name="UNEP"/> N'ime 1990s, Tewolde tinyere ike ya n'ime mkparita uka nke di iche iche metụtara ihe di iche iche di iche iche di iche iche di iche iche di iche iche, karịsịa Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) na Food and Agriculture Organisation. N'oge a, o wulitere otu siri ike nke ndị na-akparịta ụka n'Africa dị njikere nke ọma bụ ndị malitere ibu ụzọ na G77 na China Group. Afrịka ji n'otu, siri ike, ọnọdụ na-aga n'ihu, dị ka enweghị ikike na ihe ndị dị ndụ na nnabata nke ikike obodo. Nke a mere ka ndị G77 na China nwee mkparịta ụka siri ike Tewolde nyere aka n'inweta ndụmọdụ sitere n'aka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ịdị n'Otu Africa (OAU) na-agba mba Africa ume ịzụlite na mejuputa ikike obodo, otu ọnọdụ dị n'akụkụ azụmahịa metụtara azụmahịa nke ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi, na nkwụsi ike doro anya megide patent na ndụ. Tewolde duzikwara idebe iwu ụkpụrụ OAU maka ikike obodo, bụ nke a na-eji ugbu a dịka ntọala mba Africa niile. Na mkparita uka biosafety nke afọ 1999 na Cartagena, Colombia, Tewolde bu onye nkwuchite anya otutu mba G77, nke akporo 'Like Minded Group'. Mkparịta ụka ndị a kwụsịrị n'oge na-adịghị anya, mana ha rutere na njedebe na-aga nke ọma na Montreal na Jenụwarị n'afọ 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/p/tewolde-berhan-gebre-egziabher/|title=Dr. Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher|work=www.worldfuturecouncil.org|publisher=World Future Council|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234356/https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/p/tewolde-berhan-gebre-egziabher/|archivedate=2016-12-24}}</ref> Nduzi Tewolde nke otu Like Minded Group na mkparita uka ahu nyere oke aka n'inweta ihe ga-adi na mmegide US na EU siri ike - nke na-echekwa biosafety na di iche iche di iche iche ma kwanyere ikike omenala na obodo n'obodo ndi na-emepe emepe..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=686&lang=en|title=Biography of Tewolde Berhan GEBRE EGZIABHER|author=|first=|date=19 January 2009|work=www.africansuccess.org/|publisher=African Success|accessdate=}}</ref> A kpọkwara Tewolde otu n'ime ndị mmeri n'afọ 2006 nke ihe nrite gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị elu nke United Nations, Ndị mmeri nke Ụwa. Ọ bụkwa onye otu World Future Council. Tewolde nwụrụ na 20 Machị n'afọ 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 83. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://rightlivelihood.org/news/ethiopian-laureate-tewolde-berhan-who-fought-for-biodiversity-and-community-rights-dies-at-83/|title=Ethiopian Laureate Tewolde Berhan, who fought for biodiversity and community rights, dies at 83|accessdate=22 March 2023|work=rightlivelihood.org|date=22 March 2022}}</ref> == Onyinye == * Ihe nrite Right Livelihood (2000) * Ndị mmeri nke ụwa (2006) == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Akụkọ ndụ na Right Livelihood Award[https://web.archive.org/web/20060427112430/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/recip/egziabher.htm Ihe nrite nke ndụ ziri ezi] {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q85o0i9jltxinntk592qms971ddb3iv Sa'och 0 72789 743510 741150 2026-11-05T21:25:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Sa'och|nativename=''Chung''|pronunciation={{IPA|scq|t͡ɕʰṳˀŋ|label=IPA}}|states=[[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]]|region=[[Preah Sihanouk province|Preah Sihanouk]], [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]]|speakers=20 in [[Cambodia]]|date=2008|familycolor=Austro-Asiatic|fam2=[[Pearic languages|Pearic]]|fam3=Chong languages|fam4=Southern|iso3=scq}} '''Sa'och''' (Mkpọpụta okwu Khmer: [sa ʔoc], nakwa, "Sauch") bụ asụsụ Pearic nke Cambodia na Thailand nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ naanị mgbe ụfọdụ site n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị okenye na-ebelata. E nwere olumba abụọ, otu na-asụ na Veal Renh Village, Prey Nob District, Sihanoukville Province (a maara na mbụ dị ka Kampong Som Province), Cambodia na nke ọzọ na Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. "Sa'och" bụ aha Khmer maka ndị mmadụ na asụsụ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị Sa'och na-ewere aha a, nke pụtara "ahụ ọkụ uhie uhie" ma ọ bụ "pimply" na Khmer., na-akparị mmadụ ma jiri aha njirimara bụ "Chung" (Sa'och: [t͡ɕʰṳˀŋ]) zoo aka n'onwe ha na asụsụ ha.. == Nchịkọta == Sa'och bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic. N'ime ezinụlọ Austroasiatic, Sa'och bụ onye otu asụsụ Pearic, otu obere asụsụ nwere obere asụsụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ, gụnyere Suoy, Pear, Chong na Samre, nke obere agbụrụ ndị bi na Cambodia dị anya na mpaghara Thailand dị nso na-asụ. N'ọkwa ọdịnala, asụsụ Pearic nwere njikọ chiri anya na olumba Khmer., .mana atụmatụ ndị ka mma na-eme ka ezinụlọ Pearic dị n'ọkwa dị anya site na alaka niile nke Austroasiatic. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na mpaghara == Mgbe nkewa nke Alaeze Ukwu Khmer gasịrị, gọọmentị etiti Cambodi adịghị ike na ndị agbata obi Thailand na Vietnam na-asọ mpi maka ala Cambodia. N'oge a, Sa'och nọgidre na-enwe mpaghara na-achị onwe ya nke dị na Veal Renh na Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville nke oge a). Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sa'och si kwuo, ha bara ọgaranya n'akụkụ osimiri nke ebe obibi ha siri ike nke Banteay Prey chebere. Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 1830, n'oge Agha Siamese-Vietnamese maka Cambodia, ndị agha Thai meriri Sa'och ma weghachite ọtụtụ ndị agha na Thailand ebe a manyere ha ịkwaga na mpaghara Kanchanaburi n'akụkụ ókèala Thai-Burmese. Nke a mere ka obodo abụọ dị iche iche nke ndị na-asụ Sa'och kewaa ihe dị ka kilomita 800.&nbsp; Mmeri na mgbasa nke Sa'och mere ka ojiji asụsụ ahụ daa nke ukwuu. Ndị Sa'och dị na Cambodia nọgidere n'akụkụ osimiri Kampong Saom, bi n'obodo nta ha dịka Long Leh. Asụsụ ahụ gara n'ihu na-agbasa na Cambodia dịgidere n'ihi na ndị Sa'och nwere ike ịnọpụ iche na ndị Cambodia, ọbụna n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, ruo mgbe ọchịchị Khmer Rouge nke Cambodia mgbe e gburu ọtụtụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ kwaga ebe ọzọ ma manye ha ibi n'etiti ndị Khmer.. Ndị Sa'och nọ na Thai bu ụzọ biri na Si Sawat District nke Kanchanaburi Province n'ime obodo nke ha n'akụkụ Osimiri Khwae Yai. Asụsụ ha malitere n'ịnọpụ iche na ndagwurugwu na-eme nri ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 140 ruo mgbe e wuru Si Nakharin Dam nke, rụchara na 1980, jupụtara na ndagwuregwu ahụ. N'ime nkwadebe maka mmiri ahụ, gọọmentị Thailand manyere Sa'och ịkwaga, n'oge a na ugwu ndị dị n'elu ọdọ mmiri ọhụrụahụ. N'ime obodo ọhụrụ ha, nke a na-agwakọta ugbu a na Karen, Khmu na Thai, ndị Sa'och ghọrọ ndị ka nta na mberede na-akpata mbelata iji asụsụ eme ihe maka Thai. Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị Sa'och na-eto eto na-ahapụ mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ iji chọta ọrụ, na-akpata mbelata ọzọ n'iji asụsụ eme ihe. Otu akwụkwọ e bipụtara na 2009 kọrọ na a hụrụ iji asụsụ Chung eme ihe na Thailand naanị n'etiti ndị okenye fọdụrụ n'ime obodo na obere ụmụaka ole na ole fọdụrụ na nlekọta ha. Ìgwè abụọ nke Sa'och na-akpọ asụsụ ha naanị ''chung''. Iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ abụọ ahụ, ndị na-eme nchọpụta akọwaala asụsụ a hụrụ na Cambodia "Chung ''yul''" na nke Thailand "Chung''yuy''", yul na yuy bụ okwu ha maka "eluigwe". == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == Sa'och na-eji ndepụta ụdaume nke asụsụ Mon-Khmer nke oge a ma, tinyere asụsụ Pearic ndị ọzọ, na-egosi ụfọdụ mmetụta ụdaume sitere na njedebe nke Middle Khmer nke narị afọ nke 17. Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Austroasiatic (na mpụga Viet-Muong) Sa'och abụghị asụsụ ụda. Otú ọ dị, dịkwa ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ Pearic, Sa'och nwere ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ụzọ anọ, ma ọ bụ ụda olu, na usoro ụdaume ya. === Mkpụrụ okwu === Sa'och nwere ụdaume iri abụọ na otu. A na-edepụta ha n'ụdị tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! colspan="2" | !Akpụkpọ ahụ ! colspan="2" |Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Mkpịsị aka |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !<small>Ndị a chọrọ</small> |pʰ | colspan="2" |tʰ |cʰ |kʰ | |- !<small>Enweghị olu</small> |p | colspan="2" |t |c<ref name="note2">sources alternately record these as [t͡ɕ] and [t͡ɕʰ]</ref> |k |ʔ |- !<small>Nkwupụta</small> |b | colspan="2" |d | | | |- !Ụgbọ imi !<small>Nkwupụta</small> |m | colspan="2" |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- ! rowspan="1" |Ihe na-esiri ike !<small>Enweghị olu</small> | | colspan="2" |s | | |h |- !Ihe atụ !<small>Nkwupụta</small> |w |l |ɹ |j | | |- |} Sa'och na-emegide àgwà ụdaume itoolu nke nwere ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo, na-ewepụta ngụkọta ụdaume iri na asatọ. Diphthongs anaghị apụta na okwu Sa'och, mana diphthongs {{IPA|/iə/}}, {{IPA|/ɯə/}}, na {{IPA|/uə/}} nwere ike ịchọta na okwu mgbazinye site na Thai na Khmer. Mkpụrụedemede nke Sa'och bụ: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |N'ihu ! colspan="2" |Central ! colspan="2" |Ịlaghachi azụ |- class="small" !dị mkpirikpi !ogologo oge !dị mkpirikpi !ogologo oge !dị mkpirikpi !ogologo oge |- !N'akụkụ |/i/ |/iː/ |/ɯ/ |/ɯː/ |/u/ |/uː/ |- !N'etiti etiti |/e/ |/eː/ |/ɤ/ |/ɤː/ |/o/ |/oː/ |- !N'etiti oghere |/ɛ/ |/ɛː/ | | |/ɔ/ |/ɔː/ |- !Emeghe | | |/a/ |/aː/ | | |} === Ụda ụdaolu === Dị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Austroasiatic dị ka [[Monic languages|Mọnk]]" data-linkid="258" href="./Khmer_language#Historical_periods" id="mwASo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Khmer language">Middle Khmer, asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke [[Asụsụ Khmu|Khmu]], na asụsụ Monic na Katuic, Sa'och na-eji usoro ndekọ ụdaume nke okwu dị iche dabere na ụda olu ha, ma ọ bụ ogo olu. Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka asụsụ ndị a, nke na-egosipụtakarị ọdịiche dị n'ụzọ abụọ (dịka n'etiti olu doro anya na nke na-eku ume), Sa'och na asụsụ ndị ọzọ Pearic dị iche iche nwere àgwà olu anọ dị iche iche. N'asụsụ ụda olu, mkpụrụedemede dum na-ebu ụda ahụ mana n'asụsụ "debanye aha", a na-egosipụta ụdaolu naanị na ụdaume. Àgwà olu anọ dị na Sa'och na ntụgharị ha, na-eji ụdaume /aː/ dị ka ihe atụ, bụ olu doro anya (/a/), olu na-eme mkpọtụ (/aː/) na olu na-eku ume (aː). == Edensibia == * {{Cite journal|author=Ferlus|first=Michel|title=Toward Proto Pearic: problems and historical implications|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|date=2011|url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00992631/document|accessdate=30 November 2015}} * {{Cite journal|author=Headley|first=R.K. Jr.|title=Proto-Pearic and the classification of Pearic|journal=Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies Presented to André-G. Haudricourt|date=1985}} * {{Cite journal|author=Huffman|first=Franklin|title=The phonology of Chong|journal=Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies Presented to André-G. Haudricourt|date=1985}} * {{Cite journal|author=Isara|first=Choosri|title=Chung (Saoch) of Thailand and Cambodia: phonological and lexical comparisons|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|date=2009|volume=38|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/isara2008chung.pdf|accessdate=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610045940/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/isara2008chung.pdf|archive-date=10 June 2021|url-status=dead}} == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 31mo39viaw7vy6yf6qja1djqfmhul24 Sedang 0 72818 743526 596198 2026-11-05T23:30:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|date=2007}} . == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == === Mkpụrụ okwu === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" | !Akpụkpọ ahụ !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Mkpịsị aka |- ! colspan="2" |Ụgbọ imi |m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !<small>Enweghị ume</small> |p |t |tɕ |k |ʔ |- !<small>aspirated</small> |pʰ |tʰ |tɕ |kʰ | |- !<small>tupu ịlụ di ma ọlị</small> |ᵐb |ⁿd |ᶮdʑ |ᵑɡ | |- ! rowspan="2" |Ihe na-esiri ike !<small>enweghị olu</small> |f |s | |x |h |- !<small>kwuru okwu</small> |v |z | |ɣ | |- ! colspan="2" |Ihe atụ |w |l |j | | |} === Mkpụrụedemede === Sedang n'onwe ya nwere ụdaume 24 dị ọcha: àgwà ụdaume 7, ha niile nwere ike ịbụ nke dị mfe nghọta ([a]), nke nwere imi ([ã]), na nke na-eme ka ọ dị nkọ ([a̰]) na atọ n'ime ha /i a o/ nwere ike ịbụ ma imi ma nke na-eme ka ọ dị nkọ ([ã̰]). Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ọdịiche ogologo nke asụsụ North Bahnaric ndị ọzọ, o nwere ọtụtụ diphthong, n'etiti ụdaume 33 na 55 niile. (Nhazi dị n'elu na-enye 50.) Ya mere, a na-ekwu na Sedang nwere ndepụta ụdaume kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Agbanyeghị, asụsụ Bahnaric ndị ọzọ nwere ọtụtụ ụdaume (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bahnar nwere 9) na mgbakwunye na ogologo ụdaume phonemic ya mere asụsụ nwere ndekọ ahụ dabere nke ọma n'otú e si kọwaa asụsụ ndị ahụ na nkọwa ụdaume dị iche iche.. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! !N'ihu !Central !Ịlaghachi azụ |- !Elu |i | |u |- !Ebe Ugwu |e | |o |- !Ebe Dị Ala |ɛ | |ɔ |- !Ala Dị Ala | |a | |} ==== Diphthongs ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+<ref>{{Cite book|author=Smith|first=Kenneth D.|title=Phonology and Syntax of Sedang, A Vietnam Mon-Khmer Language|date=1975|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|pages=62–64}}</ref> ! !Glide n'ihu !Central Glide !Ntinye azụ |- !/i/ Akụkụ |Ụzọ e si aga n'ihu |Ọdịdị, Ọdịdị |{{IPA|io̯}}, {{IPA|ĩõ̯}} |- !/u/ Akụkụ | |{{IPA|uə̯}}, Ōnē̯, ዔnē̯̃, ŌNē̯̃ |Ọdịdị |- !/e/ Akụkụ | |{{IPA|eə̯}}, eə̯̃, e{{IPA|ẽə̯̃}} |O'o'o'i, O'o, O'i, |- !/o/ Isi |{{IPA|oɛ̯}}, oɛ̯ |{{IPA|oə̯}}, oə̯, {{IPA|õə̯̃}} | |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Kenneth D.|date=1967|title=Sedang dialects|journal=Bulletin de la Société des Études Indochinoises|volume=42|pages=195–255}} * {{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Kenneth D.|date=1968|title=Laryngealization and de-laryngealization in Sedang phonemics|journal=Linguistics|volume=6|issue=38|pages=52–69}} * {{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Kenneth D.|date=1969|title=Sedang ethnodialects|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=11|issue=5|pages=143–147}} * {{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Kenneth D.|date=1973|title=More on Sedang ethnodialects|url=http://sealang.net/archives/mks/pdf/4:43-51.pdf|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|volume=4|pages=43–51}} * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sedanggrammarpho0000smit|title=Sedang Grammar: Phonological and Syntactic Structure|author=Smith|first=Kenneth D.|date=1979|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|isbn=978-0-85883-180-3|series=Pacific Linguistics Series B - No. 50|location=Canberra|doi=10.15144/pl-b50}} *   == Njikọ mpụga == * Sedang Dictionary na Bekee, Vietnamese, na French glossaries * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110322035535/http://people.anu.edu.au/~u9907217/languages/languages.html Ihe ọmụma asụsụ Mon-Khmer] nke Paul Sidwell na Mahadum Mba Australia. * Ihe nlele ụda na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdaume doro anya na ụdaume, site na njikọ dị n'elu. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202052/http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI7524131/ Akwụkwọ edemede Smith] 3ir344jyvm5thdg1qicrvx7haq6a4if Proto-Khmeric 0 72844 743480 596238 2026-11-05T16:37:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743480 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Asụsụ Proto-Khmeric''' bụ asụsụ mbụ e wughachiri n'asụsụ Khmer. Sidwell & Rau (2015) arụgharịrị ya, nke iwu ndị dị mma e nyere na Ferlus (1992) dabere na ya. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwetara na asụsụ a kwụsịrị n'afọ 300 O.A. == Ụdị ndị e wughachiri == Ụdị Proto-Khmeric e wughachiri n'okpuru ebe a sitere na Sidwell & Rau (2015: 273, 340-363). {| class="wikitable sortable" !Nkọwa !Proto-Khmeric |- |niile |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |ntụ |*pheːh |- |mkpo osisi |*smpɔːk |- |afọ |*buŋ |- |buru ibu |*luoŋ ~ *ruoŋ |- |ịta |*tkiːr ~ * Lagosːr, *kat |- |ojii |*kmaw |- |ọbara |*ɟhaːm |- |ụgbọ mmiri |*duok |- |ọkpụkpụ |*cʔəŋ |- |ara |*ịma |- |ka ọ gbaa ọkụ (vt.) |*tut, *ʔus |- |kandụl |*dian |- |mkpịsị aka |*Kn'ihi na ọ bụ |- |ígwé ojii |*- (b/w) ɔːk |- |oyi |*rŋaː (r) |- |ịbịa/ịbịa |*mɔːk |- |nwụọ (nke onye) |*slap |- |nkịta |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |- |ịṅụ mmiri |*phik |- |akọrọ (adj./stat.) |*praŋ |- |ntị |* (t/c) rciək |- |ụwa/ala |*tiː |- |iri nri |*cie |- |anya |*pnɛːk |- |abụba/mmanụ/mmanụ |*klaɲ |- |ábụ́bà |*Slaːp |- |ọkụ |*ʔus |- |azụ (n.) |*triː |- |na-efe efe (v.) |*həːr |- |ụkwụ |*ɟəːŋ |- |zuru ezu (ụgbọ mmiri) |*beːɲ |- |nye |*ʔoːj |- |ezi ihe |*lʔɔː |- |akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ |*kciː |- |otu |*buak |- |ntutu isi (nke isi) |*suk |- |aka |*təj |- |ịnụ / ige ntị |*stap |- |obi |*klim |- |mpi |*sneːŋ |- |M |*ʔaɲ |- |igbu mmadụ |*psiət, *smlap |- |mara |*Iche, *sgal |- |akwụkwọ osisi |*slik |- |ịmụta ihe |*Ryan |- |idina (n'ala) |* Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị |- |imeju |*tləːm |- |ogologo oge |*wɛːŋ |- |louse (isi) |*ciː |- |nwoke/di |*ɟmoːl |- |anụ/anụ |*akpa |- |ọnwa |*khɛː |- |ugwu |*bnɔm, *duol |- |ọnụ |*mat |- |aha |*ɟmɔh |- |olu |*Kịː |- |ihe ọhụrụ |*tmiː |- |abalị |*jɔp |- |imi |*crmuh |- |na-abụghị |*ʔət ~ *ʔɔt ~ *ʔit |- |mmanụ |Ekpere |- |otu |*muoj |- |onye/mmadụ |*ʔnak |- |Mmiri ozuzo |*Plyŋ |- |uhie |*krhɔːm |- |okporo ụzọ, ụzọ |*gnlɔːŋ |- |mgbọrọgwụ (nke osisi) |*ris |- |gburugburu (ihe) |*wiel, *rwiəl, *rwɔŋ |- |ájá |*ksac |- |lee |*jɔl, *ghəːɲ |- |nọdụ ala |*guj |- |akpụkpọ ahụ |*spɛːk |- |ụra |*tiːk |- |obere |*tic, *cmaːr |- |anwụrụ ọkụ (n.) | (?*psɛːɲ) |- |inye |*ɟuon |- |ikwu okwu, kwuo |*srtiː |- |iguzo |*ɟhɔːr |- |kpakpando |*pkaːj |- |nkume |*tmɔː |- |anyanwụ |*tŋaj |- |igwu mmiri |*hɛːl (?) |- |nke ahụ (dist.) |*nɔh |- |nke a (prox.) |*nihá |- |ire |*ʔntaːt |- |osisi |*ɟhəː |- |abụọ |*Ọdọ Mmiri |- |ịga ije, gaa |*təːr |- |okpomọkụ / okpomọkụ |*ktaw |- |mmiri |*tɨk |- |ọcha |*skuː, *sɔː |- |nwanyị/nwunye |*knsaj, *kntaj |} == Ihe ọhụrụ e ji emepụta okwu == Nhọrọ ahọpụtara na okwu Khmeric: <ref name="WOL-MSEA-11">{{Cite book|author=Sidwell|first=Paul|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia|chapter=Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic languages|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|doi=10.1515/9783110558142-011|pages=179–206|isbn=9783110558142}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Nkọwa !Ebe Ọdịdị nke Austria !Ndị Khmer Ochie !Khmer nke Oge A !Surin Khmer |- |'azụ̀' |*kaʔ |triː~treː |trəj |trɛj |- |'Nkịta ọkụkọ' |*ʔiər | - |ọnwa |mɯan |- |'Nkịta' |[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |chkɛː |chkae |__ibo__ Ọchịchị: |} == Hụkwa == * Asụsụ Proto-Austroasiatic == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1992. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220124161650/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/ferlus1992essai.pdf Nnyocha nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Khmer (Site n'etiti puku afọ mbụ nke Oge Anyị ruo n'oge a)] . Mon-Khmer Studies 21: 57-89. * Sidwell, Paul na Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview. " Na Jenny, Mathias na Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke asụsụ Austroasiatic. Leiden: Ọmarịcha 4379tbt5lfn9by5n0o6mhfojgbf74p1 Rebecca Dimplez Ijeoma 0 73379 743490 597249 2026-11-05T18:07:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743490 wikitext text/x-wiki   Rebecca 'Dimplez' Ijeoma nke a makwaara dị ka Dimplez bụ onye isi egwu Naijiria-America, na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka osote onye isi oche na Capitol Music Group . Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ ahịa IJEOMA . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Graham|first=Nadine|date=2019-09-23|title=The Plug: Dimplez Ijeoma of IJEOMA Agency|url=https://hiphopwired.com/806872/the-plug-dimplez-ijeoma-of-ijeoma-agency/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Hip-Hop Wired|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọrụ na Capitol Records, Motown Records, Universal Music Group, BWR PR, na Uproxx.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-02|title=Rebecca 'Dimplez' Ijeoma named SVP of Digital Marketing & Content Development at Capitol Music Group|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/rebecca-dimplez-ijeoma-named-svp-of-digital-marketing-content-development-at-capitol-music-group/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Music Business Worldwide|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=#teamEBONY|title=Creative Spotlight: Rebecca Ijeoma aka Dimplez|url=https://www.ebony.com/creative-spotlight-dimplez/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=EBONY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Moorwood|first=Victoria|title=Rebecca "Dimplez" Ijeoma named SVP & Content Developer at Capitol Music Group|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-03-04/155346/rebecca-dimplez-ijeoma-new-cmg-role|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=REVOLT}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Na Capitol Music Group, Dimplez jisiri ike na-azụ ahịa dijitalụ maka Capitol Records, Motown Records, na Priority records, na-arụ ọrụ na Offset, Ice Spice, Marcus Mumford, Doechii, Ne-Yo, Stefflon Don, na Quality Control Music. O tinyekwara aka na ịbịanye aka n'akwụkwọ ndị na-ese ihe dịka Queen Naija, Rich Homie Quan na JAMESDAVIS. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Dev T.|date=2018-11-10|title=Millennial Moves: How to Build a Digital Marketing Career|url=https://www.blackenterprise.com/build-digital-marketing-career/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Black Enterprise|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Julaị 2018, Dimplez hiwere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya bụ IJEOMA, ma nọchite anya ndị ahịa dịka DJ Premier, Tobi Lou, Lee Daniels, Tyra Banks, na Tyrese. O so na mwepụta Gang Starr mbụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ma duzie ahịa na mmepe ndụ maka ndị bịanyere aka na RCA Records bụ Flo Milli, Tone Stith na Nnena..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Inman|first=DeMicia|date=2023-03-23|title=Curren$y Reflects On Hip-Hop's Blog Era At ItsTheReal's SXSW Panel|url=https://www.vibe.com/news/events/blog-era-podcast-itsthereal-currensy-sxsw-1234742994/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=VIBE.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JUBELIRER ADDS DIMPLEZ TO DIGITAL TEAM|url=https://hitsdailydouble.com/news&id=330477&title=JUBELIRER-ADDS-DIMPLEZ-TO-DIGITAL-TEAM|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=HITS Daily Double|language=en}}</ref> == Nkwado == N'afọ 2011, a họpụtara Dimplez na Billboard Women In Music In 2022 She was announced among the honorees who have made “an invaluable impact at the Inaugural Give Her FlowHERS Awards Gala an initiative of Femme It Forward.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Rubin|first=Hannah|date=2022-11-04|title=Femme It Forward Announces Inaugural Give Her FlowHERS Awards Gala|url=https://www.livenationentertainment.com/2022/11/femme-it-forward-announces-inaugural-give-her-flowhers-awards-gala/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Live Nation Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Abraham|first=Mya|date=2022-11-15|title=Inside Femme It Forward's Inaugural 'Give Her FlowHERS' Gala|url=https://www.vibe.com/gallery/femme-it-forward-inaugural-give-her-flowhers-gala-recap-1234710983/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=VIBE.com|language=en-US}}</ref> She was also listed in the Billboard’s 2022 R&B/Hip-Hop Power Players an annual list that honours executives across Music Genres N'afọ 2023, Rebecca 'Dimplez' Ijeoma tinyere Temi Adeniji na ndepụta Billboard's Women in Music nke 2023 n'ihu Billboard Women in Music Awards<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-28|title=African execs make Billboard Women in Music 2023 list|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/african-execs-make-billboard-women-music-2023-list|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=Music In Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=9errar∂|date=2023-03-01|title=African execs make Billboard Women in Music 2023 list|url=https://gbafrica.net/african-execs-make-billboard-women-in-music-2023-list/|accessdate=2024-05-17|work=GBAfrica|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526221158/https://gbafrica.net/african-execs-make-billboard-women-in-music-2023-list/|archive-date=2024-05-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 41akrcxslogfa7l6jcj4fi71p8d1pie Sorley MacLean 0 73649 743544 723758 2026-11-06T02:07:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sorley MacLean''' (Scottish Gaelic: Somhairle MacGill-Eain; 26 Ọktoba 1911 – 24 Nọvemba 1996) bụ onye Scotland na-ede uri Gaelic, nke ọ́bá akwụkwọ uri nke Scotland kọwara dịka "otu n'ime ndị bụ isi na Scotland na-ede uri nke oge a" n'ihi ịbụ "ọkachamara n'ụzọ nke ọ họọrọ iji ede uri nke ya nakwa mmekọrịta ọ na-enwe ya na ọdịbendị ide uri nke Europe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Europena".<ref name="library">{{Cite web|title=Sorley MacLean|url=http://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poetry/poets/sorley-maclean|publisher=[[Scottish Poetry Library]]|accessdate=17 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225519/http://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poetry/poets/sorley-maclean|archivedate=17 August 2018}}</ref> Onye nrite Nobel Seamus Heaney na-ekwunyere MacLean dịka onye zọrọ uri Gaelic nke Scotland.<ref name="larach"/> A zụlitere ya n'ezinụlọ Presbyterian siri ike n'àgwàetiti Raasay, onye e mikpuru na omenala na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Gaelic site na ọmụmụ, mana ọ hapụrụ okpukpe họrọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Na ngwụcha afọ ndị 1930, ọ ghọrọ enyi ọtụtụ ndị wetara Mgbanwe na Scotland, dị ka Hugh MacDiarmid na Douglas Young. A merụrụ ya ahụ ugboro atọ mgbe ọ na-eje ozi na Royal Corps of Signals n'oge mkpọsa North Africa. MacLean bipụtara obere akwụkwọ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, n'ihi ọ bụ onye na-achọ izu oke n'ihe niile. N'afọ 1956, ọ ghọrọ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Plockton High School, ebe ọ kwadoro iji asụsụ Gaelic na agụmakwụkwọ. N'ime uri ya, MacLean weere otu dowe n'ọnọdụ one ya n'etiti ihe ọdịnala Gaelic yana ihe ndị dị na Europe, na-ejikarị Highland Clearances tụnyere ihe ndị na-eme n'oge a, ọkachasị Agha Obodo Spain. Ọrụ ya bụ ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke ọdịnala na nke oge a nke a na-ekwu na o weghachịrị ọdịnala Gaelic n'ebe kwesịrị ekwesị ma mee ka asụsụ Gaelic dị ike ma ma dịkwa ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na e bipụtara ọrụ ya kachasị emetụta, Dáin do Eimhir yana An Cuilthionn, na 1943, MacLean aghọghị onye a ma ama ruo n'afọ ndị 1970, mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ya na nsụgharị Bekee. Uri ya nke ikpeazụ bụ Hallaig, nke e bipụtara n'afọ 1954, nwetara "ọnọdụ ofufe" na mpụga ezi ndị na-asụ asụsụ Gaelic maka nnọchiteanya ya karịrị nke mmadụ nke obodo nta dị na Highland Clearances nke a na-enweghị ndị bi ya ma na-anọchite anya uri Scottish Gaelic niile n'echiche ndị na-asụ Bekee.{{R|Czech}} == Akụkọ ndụ == === Oge ọ malitere === A mụrụ MacLean na Òsgaig, Raasay na 26 Ọktoba 1911; Scottish Gaelic bụ asụsụ mbụ ya. Tupu ọ gawa akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ọ sụrụ asụsụ Bekee nwa ntakịrị .{{R|interview|page1=23}}Ọ bụ nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ nwoke ise a mụụrụ Malcolm (1880–1951) yana Christina MacLean (1886–1974).{{R|Calum}} Ezinụlọ ahụ nwere obere ụlọ ubi dịpụrụ adịpụ, ma na-akwa ákwà, ma ha mechara hapụ ụlọ ubi ahụ kwaga n'ụlọ dị mma, nke bịara nye mkpata ego ha nsogbu mgbe a bịara nwee óké mbịatu akụnaụba n'ụwa niile nke metụtara azụmahịa ịkwa ákwà ha n'ebe ọ dị ukwuu.{{R|Hendry|page1=10}} Ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke bụ John (1910–1970), onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na onye mechara bụrụ onye isi Oban High School, onye bụkwa onye na-afụ opi;{{R|Calum}}{{R|interview|page1=27}} Calum (1915–1960), onye na-ede akụkọ ifo na onye gụrụ ethnography a ma ama; na Alasdair (1918–1999) yana Norman (c.1917–c.1980), ndị ghọrọ ndị ọkaiwu. Ụmụnne Sorley ndị nwanyị obere abụọ, Isobel nah Mary, bụkwaara ndị nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ .{{R|childhood|Calum|rse}} Patronymic ya bụ Somhairle mac Chaluim 'ic Chaluim 'ic Iain 'ic Tharmaid 'ic Iain 'ic Tharmaid; o nweereghị Ike ịchọta agbụrụ ya kpọmkwem ruo n'ògbọ́ nke asatọ.{{R|family|page1=211}} N'ụlọ, ọ na-etinye aka na Omenala Gaelic na beul- Faithris (ọdịnala a kọrọ n'ọnụ), ọkachasị abụ ochie. Nne ya, onye Nicolson, ka a zụlitere na nso Portree, ọ bụ ezie na ezinụlọ ya sitere na Lochalsh; <ref name="library"/> <ref name="larach"/> ezinụlọ ya tinyererị aka na mkpọsa ndị Highland Land League mere maka ikike ndị mbịarambịa bi n'ụlọ ndị obodo.<ref name="alumnus">{{Cite web|title=Alumni in history: Sorley Maclean (1911–1996)|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumni-in-history/sorley-maclean|publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]|accessdate=30 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208092922/http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumni-in-history/sorley-maclean|archivedate=8 December 2015}}</ref>{{R|landscape}} A zụlitere nna ya na Raasay, mana ezinụlọ ya sitere na North Uist na, tupu nke ahụ, ma eleghị anya há sí Mull.{{R|rse}}{{R|Hendry}} A chụpụrụ akụkụ abụọ nke ezinụlọ ahụ n'oge Highland Clearances, nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nọ n'obodo ahụ ka na-echeta nke ọma.{{R|landscape}} Ma ezinụlọ nne ya ma nke nna ya nwechara ndị mmadụ ndị obodo ha weere na ha bara ụba, ma ọ bụ site na agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ihe ọmụma dị ukwuu banyere ọdịnala. <ref name="childhood">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/childhood.htm|title=Life – A Raasay Childhood (1911–1929)|work=Sorley MacLean online|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714132839/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/childhood.htm|archivedate=14 July 2013|accessdate=6 January 2018}}</ref>{{R|Hendry}} Ihe MacLean mụtara banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ndị Gael, ọkachasị nke Clearances, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na echiche ụwa ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.{{R|landscape}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 231">&#x200A;</span></sup> N'akụkụ nne ya, e nwere ndị na-agụ egwú atọ a ma ama, ndị na-afụ opi abụọ, na onye na-akụ egwú n'obodo. {{R|Hendry}} O kwuru na 'Onye kacha nwee ọgụgụ isi na no metụtara m bụ onye na-enwe obi abụọ na onye Socialist (nwanne nna m nwoke na Jordanhill, Alex Nicolson) '. Nicolson etinyelarị aka na ILP a ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ dị ka onye jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche na WWI ma bụrụkwa onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọkà mmụta Gaelic. Onye dị ịrịba ama bụ nne nna MacLean, Mary Matheson, onye a chụpụrụ ezinụlọ ya na Lochalsh na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1923, ya na ezinụlọ ahụ biri ma kụziere MacLean ọtụtụ abụ ọdịnala sitere na Kintail na Lochalsh, yana Skye.<ref name="childhood"/>{{R|Hendry}} Dị ka nwatakịrị, MacLean na nwanne nne ya Peigi na-eme njem ịkụ azụ, onye kụziiri ya abụ ndị ọzọ.{{R|rse}} N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ ya, MacLean enweghị ike ịbụ abụ, eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ jikọtara ya na mkpali ya ide uri. {{R|open|obit}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">&#x3A;&#x200A;17&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="obit" />{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sorley-maclean-1354307.html|title=Obituary: Sorley MacLean|date=26 November 1996|work=The Independent|accessdate=6 January 2018|author=Macrae|first=Alasdair}}</ref> === Okpukpe Calvin === [[Faịlụ:Recreation_ground_on_the_Isle_of_Raasay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1476596.jpg|thumb|Akara ịdọ ndị mmadụ aka na ntị ka a ghara igwu egwuregwu n'ógbè egwuruegwu ahụ na Sọnde.]] A zụlitere MacLean na Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland, nke ọ kọwara dị ka "nke kachasị sie ike nke Calvinist fundamentalism".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=MacLean|first=Sorley|title=Hallaig|journal=[[PN Review]]|date=1 November 1994|volume=21|issue=2|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/be7e3ba14ab11e3e57c8ff9443ef793c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1817849}}</ref> Calvinism kụziri na Chineke ga-azọpụta obere akụkụ nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ, bụ ndị a họọrọ, ebe imirikiti ndị ọzọ bụ ndị mmehie dị n'okike mmadụ mara ikpe ịla n'iyi. Naanị pasent ise nke ndị ọgbakọ ahụ na-eri oriri nsọ; a na-ewere ndị fọdụrụnụ dị ka naanị "ndị na-eso ụzọ" bụ ndị nwere ike ịbụ ndị a kara akara maka mmekpa ahụhụ ebighi ebi na ọkụ mmụọ. Ndị Free Presbyterians kwenyere na Free Church dị oke nwayọọ, ma ya fọdụkwa Chọọchị Scotland. Ha machibidoro ụdị ntụrụndụ ọ bụla na Ụbọchị Izu Ike, mana ha nwere ọdịnala bara ọgaranya nke ịbụ Abụ ọma na-enweghị ngwa égwú na-eso ya. {{R|open}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">&#x200A;</span></sup>{{R|displacement}} MacLean mechara kwuo na ọ gbahapụla okpukpe nakwuru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị socialism mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ,{{R|open}} ebe ọ bụ na ọ jụrụ ikwere naọtụtụ ndị mmadụ ka dowere maka mbibi ebighị ebi.{{R|landscape}} N'afọ 1941, o dere na "eleghị anya ndọrọ mmụọ m nke ịmata ihe kpatara enweghị óbị aṅụrị, agaghị n'iru, ndị a na-akpagbu si na nke a."<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Roderick|editor=Kendall|title=The Oxford Handbook of British and Irish War Poetry|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-174351-1|chapterurl=https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559602.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199559602|chapter='Death's Proletariat': Scottish Poets of the Second World War}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ikwenye na nke na-adịchaghị mma nke ọdịnala Calvinist nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ka o si ahụ ụwa, ọ nagidekwara echiche "adịghị ihe o ji akụnaụba na ikike nke uwà kpọrọ".<ref name="larach">{{Cite news|title=20mh linn– Am Bàrd: Somhairle MacGill-Eain|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/somhairle_macgilleain/am_bard/|accessdate=17 August 2018|work=[[BBC Alba]] – Làrach nam Bàrd|language=gd}}</ref>{{R|open}} Ka e mesịrị na ndụ ya, ọ bịara na-ahụta chọọchị na okpukpe n'ụzọ n'agbagwoju anya. N'agbanyeghị na ọ katọrọ mbịatu nke chọọchị Presbyterian na-abịatu abụ Gaelic, egwu ọdịnala Scotland, ná ọdịnala a na-akọ n'ọnụ, yana mmetụta n'ụzọ dị njọ nke nkuzi ụka na-enwe n'ụfọdụ òtù ndị mmadụ ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị, Prọfesọ Donald Meek <small>([[:gd:An t-Ollamh Dòmhnall Meek|gd]])</small> dere na oge ụfọdụ MacLean na-adị ka ọ na-achịkọta echiche liberation theology ọnụ.<ref name="larach" /> [[John MacInnes (Gaelic scholar)|John MacInnes]] arụọla ụka na ọzụzụ evangelical Presbyterian ya nwere nhuku dị nnukwu mkpa na nhọrọ ya nke Gaelic dịka ụzọ ọ ga-esi dee uri ya na òtù ọ ga-esi gosipụta ya. MacLean nọ na-agbachitere chọọchị Free Presbyterian megide ndị na-eguzogide ya ndị maara ya naanị nke ntà,{{R|open|hobit}} otu mgbe na-akọwa ndị okenye nke chọọchị Free Presbyterian dịka "ndị dị n'ụdị ndị nsọ, ndị mmadụ nkịtị dị n'ụdị ndị nsọ".{{R|family}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-arịgọ uri ya olu ka ọ ghara ịkpasu ndị okpukpe n'ezinụlọ ya iwe.{{R|Easter}} Ọ nọkwa na-enwe obi añụrị site n'ụdị ọnụ mmiri okwu yana nakwa nke gosipụtara inwe ọgụgụ isi na inwe nkepụta nke okwuchukwu ndị Protestant na Gaelic.{{R|family}} Asụsụ ya gbasara agbasa, ụtọ asụsụ dị elu, na ikpalị inwe ọnụnụ-ọkụ n'obi nke okwuchukwu ndị a nwere mmetụta pụtara ìhè na ka o si ede uri.{{R|open}}{{R|landscape}} === Afọ ndị 1930 === Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Raasay Primary School ya na Portree Secondary School . <ref name="childhood"/><ref name="larach"/> N'afọ 1929, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ya ịga Mahadum Edinburgh . <ref name="larach" /> N'ihi ihe gbasara akụ na ụba, ọ họọrọ ịmụ Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Bekee kama ịmụ akwụkwọ Celtic, mkpebi o mechara kwaa ụta "n'ihi na enwere m mmasị naanị na uri, bụkwa naanị na ụfọdụ uri na e kwuwe ya " Ọ kpọsiri onye isi ngalaba Bekee, Herbert Grierson asị ike, onye na-eme ndị na-ede uri dị iche iche ọfụma karịa MacLean; MacLean bịakwara na-eche na Grierson tinyere mmasị ya na ngalaba ahụ.<ref name="university">{{Cite web|title=University Days|url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/university.htm|publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust|accessdate=18 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501000345/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/university.htm|archivedate=1 May 2017}}</ref>{{R|open|rse}} A kọwawo ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ MacLean dị ka naanị "ihe na-adịghị mma".{{R|contexts}} Mgbe ọ nọ na Edinburgh, MacLean gakwara klas na Ngalaba Celtic, mgbe ahụ n'okpuru William J. Watson.{{R|rse}} Ọ na-etinye aka n'òtù ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, na-egwuri egwu ya na ndị òtù shinty nke mahadum, ma, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nwere ọgụgụ isi na Britain n'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ onye na-akwado Soviet ma, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụ onye òtù ha, ọ na-eso ha dị ka "onye njem" na Communist Party of Great Britain.<ref name="alumnus"/><ref name="university" /> MacLean mechara kọwaa otu oge ọ sonyeere ngagharị iwe e mere megide Sir Oswald Mosley, onye ndú nke British Union of Fascists.{{R|hobit}} Dị ka Onye ọkà mmụta Celtic bụ Emma Dymock si kwuo, agụmakwụkwọ MacLean na Edinburgh gbasara ọhụụ ya nke ọma, obodo ahụ kwa n'onwe ya dị mkpa na ndụ ya.<ref name="alumnus" /> Mgbe ọ nọ na Edinburgh, ọ hụkwara ịda ogbenye n'obodo nke ukwu, ebe ndị dịkasịrị njọ ibi ebi, na ọtụtụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'otu ebe, nke dịkwuru njọ karịsịa n'ihi Oké Ndakpọ Akụ̀ na Ụba na-aga n'ihu.{{R|displacement}} Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1933 nweta akara ugo mmụta mbụ, ọ nọgidere na Edinburgh ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Moray House Teachers' Training College, ebe ọ zutere Hugh MacDiarmid.{{R|open|rse}}<ref name="university" /> [[Faịlụ:Ardmore_-_geograph.org.uk_-_108466.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụlọ nkume dị na Mull]] N'afọ 1934, ọ laghachiri Skye ịkụzi asụsụ Bekee na Portree High School . <ref name="larach"/><ref name="alumnus"/> Mgbe Agha Obodo Spain tiwapụrụ na 1936, ọ tụlere inye onwe ya ịlụ ọgụ na International Brigades; dị ka nwa ya nwanyị si kwuo, ọ gaara aga ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka ịda ogbenye nke ezinụlọ ya na ọrụ nke ya dị ka onye na-elekọta ha.<ref name="larach" /> N'oge ahụ, nne ya na-arịa ọrịa siri ike ebe azụmahịa nna ya na-ada ada.<ref name="world">{{Cite web|title=Out of Skye to the World (1934–1943)|url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/from_skye.htm|publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust|accessdate=18 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223235700/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/from_skye.htm|archivedate=23 December 2014}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 1938, MacLean natara ọkwa nkuzi na Tobermory High School na Isle of Mull, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo Disemba.<ref name="world" />{{R|day}} Afọ ọ nọrọ na Mull nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ọ nọ, n'ihi na Mull ka bibiri ebibi site Highland Clearances nke mere na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, n'oge a chụpụrụ ndị nna nna MacLean.{{R|Czech}} MacLean mechara kwuo, "Ekwenyere m na Mull nwere ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ya na uri m: ịma mma ya, nke dị nnọọ iche na nke Skye, na ajọ akara nke oghere dị na ya, mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-apụghị ịnagide nye onye Gael. "O kwenyere na fascism nwere ike imeri na Europe, ọ nwetakwara nkụda mmụọ site na ọdịda na-aga n'ihu nke asụsụ Gaelic. {{R|day}}<ref name="world" />{{R|interview}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 29">&#x3A;&#x200A;29&#x200A;</span></sup>{{R|landscape}} N'agbata afọ 1939 na 1941, ọ kụziri na Boroughmuir High School na Edinburgh, yana na Hawick.<ref name="larach"/><ref name="alumnus"/> N'oge a, o dere ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị ga-aghọ Dáin do Eimhir, gụnyere An Cuilthionn. MacLean metara ndị na-ede uri Scottish Renaissance enyi, gụnyere MacDiarmid, Robert Garioch, Norman MacCaig, Douglas Young, na George Campbell Hay.{{R|contexts|rse}} : 4 <ref name="rse">{{Cite web|author=Gillies|first=William|title=Sorley MacLean|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/maclean_sorley.pdf|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|accessdate=21 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093901/https://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/maclean_sorley.pdf|archivedate=21 August 2018}}</ref> MacLean, onye bụkwa ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme a ma ama, bipụtara akwụkwọ abụọ nwere mmetụta na uri Gaelic nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness [gd] n'afọ 1938 na 1939, nke mara echiche Celtic Twilight nke Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Scottish Gaelic aka. MacLean boro "Celtic Twilightists" ebubo na ha "na-ekwu na abụ Gaelic bụ ihe megidere àgwà ọ bụla ọ nwere n'ezie", ma kwuo na nkwupụta ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma naanị n'ihi na Twilightists na-egbo mkpa nke naanị ndị na-asụ Bekee. O kwuru na àgwà doro anya nke ile anya n'ihu ya na mmetụta nke enweghị ike n'ime uri ndị dị ndụ banyere Highland Clearances nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị nwe ala Anglo-Scottish agaaraghị anabata uri nke na-akatọ ha n'ihu ọha.{{R|historian}} Ojiji o ji uri Gaelic mee ihe dị ka ihe nwere ike ịbụ isi nnweta ihe maka ọmụmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụkwa ihe ọhụrụ n'oge ahụ.{{R|historian}} === Ndụ ya ka e mesịrị === [[Faịlụ:Plockton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_8277.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọdịdị ile anya Plockton n'afọ 1971]] N'afọ 1956, e nyere MacLean ọkwa onye isi nkuzi nke Plockton High School na Wester Ross, na-adịghị anya site n'ebe ezinụlọ nne nna ya bi. Ọ bụ ọrụ siri ike ebe ọ bụ na ebe áhu dịpụrụ adịpụ adịghị adọrọ mmasị ndị na-achọ ịbụ ndị nkuzi, MacLean na-akụzi ihe ugboro ugboro n'ihi oghere ndị pụtara.<ref name="Plockton">{{Cite web|title=Plockton (1956–1969)|url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org:80/english/plockton.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118051410/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/plockton.htm|archivedate=18 January 2013|publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust|accessdate=19 August 2018|date=18 January 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Plockton, ọ kwalitere ojiji nke agụmakwụkwọ Scottish Gaelic ma mee mkpọsa maka ule Highers maka ndị na-amụ Gaelic.{{R|Czech}} Tupu 1968, enweghi ule dị iche maka ndị na-amụ Gaelic, ndị ga-asọ mpi ha na ndị na-asụ asụsụ amaala ma ọ bụrụ na ha aga Gaelic Highers. MacLean chere na iwu a na-ezighị ezi mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ghara ịmụ asụsụ Gaelic, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gbara ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha lee ule ahụ ọbụlagodi na ha abụghị ndị na-asụ asụsụ.{{R|interview}} N'afọ 1966, o nyere akwụkwọ na Gaelic Society of Inverness na-akọwa okwu ndị a na-ahụ anya na-emetụta agụmakwụkwọ Gaelic. MacLean kwuru na na kọntinent Europe, ọ bụghị ihe a na-adịghị ahụkarị mmadụ ịmụ asụsụ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Dị ka MacLean si kwuo, ụmụaka Scotland ga-erite uru site n'ịmụ asụsụ atọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na asụsụ Bekee kwa, na "n'ezie ọ pụtaghị ịtụ anya oke ịhụ mba n'anya nke Gaelic iji chọọ ka Gaelic bụrụ otu n'ime atọ ahụ?" <ref name="Plockton" /> MacLean setịpụrụ atụmanya agụmakwụkwọ dị elu maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ma kwalite shinty; na 1965, ndị òtù egwuruegwu Plockton meriri iko maka Ross na Cromarty.[vii]{{R|hobit}}<ref name="Plockton" /> Ọtụtụ ndị enyi na ndị ọbịa MacLean kwuru maka ihe ọmụma ya dị egwu na mmasị ya miri emi na usoro ọmụmụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo.{{R|two|hobit}} Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekere òkè na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mesịa sonye na Scottish Labour Party.{{R|hobit}} N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya, o bipụtara uri ole na ole n'ihi "nchegbu ya banyere ịdị mma na izi ezi karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ"; ọrụ ezinụlọ ya na ọrụ ya hapụụrụ ya obere oge iji dee.{{R|two|Plockton}}{{R|contexts}} MacLean kwuru na ọ gbara uri ya o dere ọkụ kama ibipụta ya n'ihi "ọtụtụ afọ nke nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na oriri ahụ nke echiche abụ na-agaghị ekwe omume"{{R|university|library}} Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1972, MacLean kwagara n'ụlọ nne nne nna ya na Peinnachorrain na Braes na Skye, na-enwe echiche banyere Sound of Raasay, ebe ọ zụlitere ifuru roses ma na-eme ihe mkpaọchị ugboro ugboro.{{R|harvest|hobit}} Mgbe e bipụtara uri ya n'asụsụ Bekee, a malitere chọwa ya n'ụwa niile maka ịgụ uri, nke mere na ọ gara ebe ndị dị ka Rotterdam, Baddeck Cape Breton, na Berlin.{{R|contexts|irish|harvest}} MacLean bụ onye edemede bi na Mahadum nke Edinburgh site na 1973 ruo 1975,<ref name="library"/><ref name="alumnus"/> ebe a kọrọ na ọ na-emeghe ọnụ ụzọ ma na-anabata ndị na-ede uri Gaelic.{{R|MC}} Ka e mesịrị, ọ bụ onye filidh nke abụọ na Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, mahadum Gaelic-medium dị na Skye, site na 1975 ruo 1976. <ref name="library" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/arts-and-culture/sir-iain-noble-memorial-lecture-recalls-life-poet-sorley-maclean-2119579|title=Sir Iain Noble Memorial Lecture recalls life of poet Sorley MacLean|work=[[Stornoway Gazette]]|date=26 November 2016|accessdate=22 January 2023}}</ref> O sonyere n'ịtọ ntọala ụlọ agụmakwụkwọ ahụ ma rụọkwa ọrụ na bọọdụ ya.<ref name="lecture" />N'afọ 1993, nwa ya nwanyị Catrìona nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ na otu; MacLean na nwunye ya nyeere aka ịzụlite ụmụ ya atọ. Onye na-ede uri ahụ nwụrụ ọnwụ chi ya n'ụbọchị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1996, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na ise, n'ụlọ ọgwụ Raigmore dị na Inverness.<ref name="obit"/>  {{Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry}} == Ihe nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù == Na June 1987, MacLean ghọrọ onye nweere onwe ya mbụ nke Skye na Lochalsh. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k0w1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=WqYLAAAAIBAJ&pg=6492%2C3887212|title=Freedom of Skye|work=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 June 1987|page=3|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> Ọ natara nzere nsọpụrụ asaa. Ugboro abụọ, ọ bụ onye isi nsọpụrụ nke Gaelic Society of Inverness, na 1970 na 1982; e mere ya onye isi nsọpụrụ nke òtù Saltire Society na 1985. <ref name="awards">{{Cite web|title=Distinctions and honours|url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/distinctions_honours.htm|publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust|accessdate=20 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115100750/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/distinctions_honours.htm|archivedate=15 January 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 1989, ọ ghọrọ onye òtù Royal Society of Literature. N'afọ sochirinụ, a kpọrọ ya onye mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Edinburgh nke Afọ ahụ, ma nye ya ihe nrite ọla edo nke Queen maka ide uri.<ref name="alumnus"/><ref name="library"/><ref name="larach"/> ''O Choille gu Bearradh'' bụ Saltire Society Scottish Book of the Year maka afọ 1990, MacLean merikwara ihe nrite McVitie's maka onye edemede Scotland nke afọ ahụ. <ref name="awards" /> Ọ ghọrọ onye òtù Educational Institute of Scotland na 1991, onye òtù Royal Society of Edinburgh na 1992, onye òtù nsọpụrụ Royal Incorporation of Architects na Scotland na 1996, na onye na-akwanyere ùgwù nke Royal Scottish Academician n'otu afọ ahụ.<ref name="awards" /> A họpụtara ya maka Ihe nrite Nobel na edemede na 1992; a tụwo aro na ọ gaara emeri ma ọ bụrụ na o deghị ya n'asụsụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe. <ref name="irish">{{Cite news|title=Death of poet Sorley MacLean|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/death-of-poet-sorley-maclean-1.109449|date=25 November 1996|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=18 August 2018}}</ref>{{R|saviour|review}} A na-echeta MacLean site na nkume dị na Makars' Court, n'èzí Ọ́bankà ndị odee, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh, nke Iain Crichton Smith kpughere na 1998.<ref name="Makars' Court">{{Cite web|title=Makars' Court|url=https://www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk/venue/makars-court|work=Museums and Galleries Edinburgh|date=16 November 2017|accessdate=17 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818021000/https://www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk/venue/makars-court|archivedate=18 August 2018}}</ref> == Ihe Ncheta == Hugh MacDiarmid degaara MacLean akwụkwọ ozi n'afọ 1977, otu afọ tupu ọnwụ ya, na-ekwu na ya na MacLean bụ ndị Scotland kacha mma n'ide uri na narị afọ nke iri abụọ. <ref name="library"/> MacDiarmid na MacLean nwere mmetụta n'ọrụ ibe ha ma nọgide na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi dị ukwuu nke e bipụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Correspondence Between Hugh MacDiarmid and Sorley MacLean: An Annotated Edition|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-correspondence-between-hugh-macdiarmid-and-sorley-maclean-9780748639809?cc=us&lang=en&|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=17 August 2018|date=8 April 2010}}</ref> Douglas Young dere na "abụ uri kachasị mma e dere n'ọgbọ anyị na British Isles bụ na Scottish Gaelic, site n'aka Sorley MacLean." John MacInnes kpọrọ ya "onye edemede na-ede dịka onye majie", onye "[kpaliri] Gaelic ruo n'ókè ya".{{R|Eerde}} O kwuru na ọ bụ "ihe ijuanya n'ezie" na Gaelic, nke dị obere ogologo oge, nwere ike ịmepụta onye edemede dị ka MacLean, onye na-enweghị ike ikwupụta ihe ọ ga-ekwu n'asụsụ ọ bụla ọzọ: "Somhairle MacGill-Eain chọrọ Gaelic, Gaelic achọọkwa Somhairle MacGall-Eain".{{R|MacInnes}} Dị ka Iain Crichton Smith, onye ntụgharị nke uri MacLean si kwuo, Dáin do Eimhir bụ "akwụkwọ Gaelic kachasị ukwuu nke narị afọ a", nnyocha nke Christopher Whyte kwenyere na ya.{{R|thesis}} Dị ka Maoilios Caimbeul si kwuo, MacLean bụ onye na-ede uri Scottish Gaelic kachasị mma n'oge niile.{{R|MC}} Smith jiri ọdịdị nke uri ịhụnanya MacLean tụnyere nke Catallus na William Butler Yeats. Onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel Seamus Heaney kwuru na MacLean "zọpụtara uri Gaelic... maka oge niile".<ref name="larach"/> Mgbe ọ na-ekweta uru edemede nke ọrụ MacLean bara, Whyte tụrụ aro na ọ bụ ihe mwute na n'afọ ndị 1980 ọ nọchiri anya uri Scottish Gaelic niile n'ụwa ndị na-asụ Bekee. Dị ka Whyte si kwuo, uri MacLean bụ "nke na-abụghị nke Gaelic, dị n'ụdị nke ndị ọkachamara naanị kama ịdị n'ụdị nke ọhaneze, na nke bụ ihe siri ike nghọta ma e wepụ naanị obodo nke na-eji asụsụ ahụ na ndụ ya kwa ụbọchị".{{R|thesis}} MacInnes kwetara na MacLean anaghị egbo mkpa ndị na-agụ ya; Otú ọ dị, n'echiche nke ya, ọ ga-abụ ihe na-ezighi ezi ịkpọ abụ ahụ nke dị n'ụdị nke ndị ọkachamara naanị n'ihi "ezi obi ya", na-ekwu "n'ụzọ na-emetụta uche na ike dị mfe".{{R|MacInnes}} Ihe siri ike bụ na usoro ọdịnala nke uri Gaelic bụ abụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ ya nke ọma enweghị nkà ịgụ ya nke ọma.{{R|thesis}} <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mathieson|first=Kenny|title=Blas 2011: Hallaig, A Musical Celebration of Sorley MacLean|date=19 September 2011|url=http://northings.com/2011/09/19/hallaig-a-musical-celebration-of-sorley-maclean/|accessdate=18 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818115349/http://northings.com/2011/09/19/hallaig-a-musical-celebration-of-sorley-maclean/|archivedate=18 August 2018}}</ref> Na mgbalị iji mee ka ndị na-asụ Scottish Gaelic nwee ike ịnweta ọrụ MacLean, Sorley MacLean Trust nyere ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ egwú ikike ka ha tinye ụfọdụ n'ime uri MacLean na egwu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hallaig – A Celebration of Sorley MacLean|url=http://www.thesorleymacleantrust.org.uk/english/files/press-release.pdf|publisher=Urras Shomhairle – The Sorley MacLean Trust|accessdate=18 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818115357/http://www.thesorleymacleantrust.org.uk/english/files/press-release.pdf|archivedate=18 August 2018}}</ref> {{R|MC}} N'ime ụwa ndị na-asụ Gaelic, mmetụta MacLean agbasaala ma na-adịgide adịgide. Onye na-ede uri Aonghas MacNeacail malitere ide ihe n'asụsụ Bekee, n'ihi na "agụmakwụkwọ m mere ka m kwere na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ n'asụsụ Gaelic anwụọla"; o nyere MacLean otuto maka ime ka o kwenye ma kpalie ya ide ihe n'asụsụ Gaelic. Ndị òtù egwu rọk nke Gaelic bụ Runrig kpọrọ MacLean n'otu oge ka ọ bịa n'elu ikpo okwu maka ịgụ uri.{{R|saviour}} Otú ọ dị, MacLean nwere mmetụta dị nta n'imeobodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Gaelic n'ime ime obodo. Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Angus Peter Campbell dere na ọ họọrọ ọrụ nke ndị Uist bards nke obodo karịa nke MacLean, na o kwekwara na ndị Uist ndị ọzọ nwere otu mmetụta ahụ.{{R|thesis}} Onye Australia na-ede uri Les Murray kwetara na mmetụta MacLean nwere n'ọrụ ya.{{R|contexts}} Timothy Neat mere ihe nkiri, Hallaig, na 1984, gụnyere mkparịta ụka nke MacLean banyere mmetụta kachasị na uri ya, na nkọwa nke Smith na Heaney mere, na akụkụ dị ukwuu sitere na uri na ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ, yana ihe ndị sitere na abụ Gaelic. {{R|Birt}} Uri ahụ bụkwa akụkụ nke okwu dị n'abụ nke ihe ngosi opéra nke Peter Maxwell Davies mere, The Jacobite Rising; <ref>{{Cite book|author=McGregor|first=Richard|title=Perspectives on Peter Maxwell Davies|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-55435-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yS4rDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90|language=en}}</ref> na ọgụgụ MacLean n'onwe ya nke ya n'asụsụ Bekee na n'asụsụ Gaelic ka Martyn Bennett gosipụtara na album ya Bothy Culture maka egwu na-aza otu aha ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Obituary: Martyn Bennett|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-martyn-bennett-1528367.html|accessdate=17 August 2018|work=The Independent}}</ref> Arụmụka malitere n'afọ 2000, mgbe John MacLeod, onyeisi agbụrụ MacLeod، tinyere ugwu Black Cuillin nke Skye n'ahịa iji nweta ego maka nrụzi nke Dunvegan Castle. Ụlọ ọrụ ya na-ahụ maka ụlọ, Savills, jiri ihe ndị sitere na An Cuilthionn kpọsaa ihe onwunwe ahụ. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ chọpụtara na nke a bụ ojiji na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọrụ MacLean. Savills rịọrọ mgbaghara n'enweghị mgbochi, nke Renee MacLean nabatara.<ref>{{Cite web|author=MacQueen|first=H.|title=(86) Sorley Maclean, copyright and the sale of mountains|url=http://www.sln.law.ed.ac.uk/1998/11/27/86-sorley-maclean-copyright-and-the-sale-of-mountains/|work=Scots Law News|date=27 November 1998|accessdate=30 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174119/http://www.sln.law.ed.ac.uk/1998/11/27/86-sorley-maclean-copyright-and-the-sale-of-mountains/|archivedate=30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ross|first=David|title=Cuillins seller apologises to poet's family; Use of Sorley Maclean's poem in advertising literature 'not appropriate'|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23820298.html|work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]|date=12 October 2000|archive-date=30 August 2018|access-date=17 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110458/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23820298.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == ; Nchịkọta abụ {{refbegin}} *{{cite book|title=17 Songs for 6d|last1=MacLean|first1=Sorley|first2=Robert|last2= Garioch|author-link2=Robert Garioch|location= Edinburgh|publisher=Chalmers Press|date=1940|language=gd, sco}} * {{cite book |last1=MacGhill-Eathain |first1=Somhairle |title=Dàin do Eimhir agus Dàin Eile |date=1943 |publisher=William Maclellan |location=Glasgow |language=gd|oclc=1040951021}} * {{cite book |last1=MacLean |first1=Sorley |last2=Hay |first2=George Campbell |author-link2=George Campbell Hay |last3=Neill |first3=William|author-link3=William Neill (poet) |last4=MacGregor |first4=Stuart|author-link4=Stuart MacGregor (writer) |title=Four Points of a Saltire |date=1970 |publisher=Reprographia |location=Edinburgh |language=en, sco, gd|oclc= 654353907}} *{{cite book |last1=MacLean |first1=Sorley |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Iain Crichton |editor1-link=Iain Crichton Smith |title=Poems to Eimhir |url=https://archive.org/details/poemstoeimhir0000macl |date=1971 |publisher=Gollancz |isbn=978-0-575-00746-8 |location=London |language=en}} *{{cite book |last5=MacAulay |first5=Donald |author-link5=Donald MacAulay|last1=MacLean |first1=Sorley |last2=Hay |first2=George Campbell|last4=Thomson |first4=Derick|author-link4=Derick Thomson |last3=Smith |first3=Iain Crichton|editor1-last=MacAulay |editor1-first=Donald |title=Modern Scottish Gaelic Poems: Nua-Bhàrdachd Ghàidhlig |date=1976 |publisher=Southside|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-8112-0631-0 |language=en, gd}} *{{cite book|last1=MacLean|first1=Sorley|title=Reothairt is Conntràigh / Spring Tide and Neap Tide, 1932-72|location=Edinburgh|publisher=[[Canongate Books]]|date=1977|language=en, gd|isbn=978-0-903937-15-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/reothairtiscontr0000macg}} *{{cite book |last1=MacLean |first1=Sorley |title=O Choille gu Bearradh: Collected Poems in Gaelic and English |url=https://archive.org/details/ochoillegubearra0000macg |date=1989 |publisher=Carcanet |location=Manchester |language=en, gd|isbn=978-0-85635-844-9}} *{{cite book |last1=MacGill-Eain |first1=Somhairle |editor1-last=Whyte |editor1-first=Christopher |editor1-link=Christopher Whyte |title=Dàin do Eimhir / Poems to Eimhir |url=https://archive.org/details/daindoeimhirpoem0000macg |date=2002 |publisher=[[Association for Scottish Literary Studies]] |location=Glasgow |isbn=978-0-948877-50-6 |language=en, gd}} *{{cite book |last1=MacGill-Eain |first1=Somhairle |editor1-last=Whyte |editor1-first=Christopher |title=An Cuilithionn 1939: The Cuillin 1939 and Unpublished Poems |url=https://archive.org/details/cuilithionn1939c0000macg |date=2011 |publisher=Association for Scottish Literary Studies |location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-906841-03-4 |language=en, gd}} * {{cite book |last1=MacLean |first1=Sorley|title=Caoir Gheal Leumraich / White Leaping Flame: Collected Poems in Gaelic with English Translations |editor1-last=Whyte |editor1-first=Christopher |editor2-first=Emma|editor2-last= Dymock|location= Edinburgh|publisher= Polygon|date= 2011|language=en, gd|isbn=978-1-84697-190-7}} {{refend}} ; Nkatọ nke akwụkwọ ya {{Authority control}} === Ihe Ndị Edeturu === === Ebe e si Nweta ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ === {{Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Scottish Gaelic literature}}{{Authority control}} * Isiokwu na-akọwapụta okwu Heaney kwuru banyere ederede ''{{Lang|gd|Hallaig}}'' na MacLean. * Sorley Maclean's Island E debere ya na Wayback Machine zuru oke na Scottish Screen Archived. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416052332/https://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/STELLA/STARN/lang/GAELIC/maclean.htm Akwụkwọ na-atụle nsụgharị Scots nke Young nke uri MacLean]. == Ịgụrụ Gawa == * [[John MacInnes (Gaelic scholar)|John MacInnes]] (1975), Sorley Maclean's "Hallaig": a note, in Burnett, Ray (ed.), ''Calgacus'' 2, Summer 1975, pp. 29 - 32, &nbsp;  * {{Cite journal|author=Devlin|first=Brendan P.|year=1977|title=On Sorley MacLean|journal=[[Lines Review]]|issn=0459-4541|volume=61|issue=June|pages=5–19}} * {{Cite journal|author=Herdman|first=John|year=1977|title=The Poetry of Sorley MacLean: a non-Gael's view.|journal=[[Lines Review]]|volume=61|issue=June|pages=25–36|issn=0459-4541}} * [[John MacInnes (Gaelic scholar)|MacInnes, John]] (1981), A Radically Traditional Voice: Sorley Maclean and the Evangelical Background, na Murray, Glen (ed.), ''Cencrastus'' No. 7, Winter 1981 - 82, peeji nke 14 - 17.&nbsp; * {{Cite book|editor=Campbell|title=Somhairle – Dàin is Deilbh. A Celebration on the 80th Birthday of Sorley MacLean|location=Stornoway|publisher=Acair|date=1991|isbn=978-0-86152-900-1}} * {{Cite book|author=Thomson|first=Derick|authorlink=Derick Thomson|date=1994|title=The Companion to Gaelic Scotland|url=https://archive.org/details/companiontogaeli0000unse_e0x1|location=Glasgow|publisher=[[Gairm]]|isbn=978-0-631-12502-0}} <ref name=interview>{{cite journal |first1=Angus |last1=Nicolson |author-link=Aonghas MacNeacail |title=An Interview with Sorley MacLean |journal=Studies in Scottish Literature |year=1979 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=23–36 |url=https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol14/iss1/4/ |issn=0039-3770 |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804215530/https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol14/iss1/4/ |archive-date=4 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{Cite book|author=Mackay|first=Peter|date=2010|title=Sorley MacLean|location=Aberdeen|publisher=AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies|isbn=978-1-906108-11-3}} <ref name=Czech>{{cite journal |last1=Poncarová |first1=Petra Johana |title=Sorley MacLean's Other Clearance Poems |journal=Studies in Scottish Literature|issn=0039-3770 |date=5 January 2015 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=124–134 |url=https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2148&context=ssl}}</ref> <ref name=obit>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sorley-maclean-1354307.html|title=Obituary: Sorley MacLean|date=26 November 1996|work=The Independent|access-date=6 January 2018|last=Macrae|first=Alasdair|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107062440/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sorley-maclean-1354307.html|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=lecture>{{cite news |title=Sir Iain Noble Memorial Lecture recalls life of poet Sorley MacLean |url=https://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/lifestyle/sir-iain-noble-memorial-lecture-recalls-life-of-poet-sorley-maclean-1-4301308 |access-date=18 August 2018 |work=The Stornoway Gazette |date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214605/https://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/lifestyle/sir-iain-noble-memorial-lecture-recalls-life-of-poet-sorley-maclean-1-4301308 |archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Calum">{{cite web|last=Shaw|first=John|year=2017|title=Calum Maclean Project|url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/literatures-languages-cultures/celtic-scottish-studies/research/collaborative-projects/calum-maclean-project|publisher=The University of Edinburgh|access-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820234927/https://www.ed.ac.uk/literatures-languages-cultures/celtic-scottish-studies/research/collaborative-projects/calum-maclean-project|archive-date=20 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Hendry>{{cite book|last1=Hendry|first1=Joy|chapter=Sorley MacLean: The Man and his Work|title=Sorley MacLean: Critical Essays|editor1-last=Ross|editor1-first=Raymond J.|editor2-first=Joy|editor2-last=Hendry|publisher=Scottish Academic Press|location=Edinburgh|date=1986|chapter-url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/files/Sorley%20MacLean%20The%20Man%20and%20his%20Work_2.pdf|language=en|pages=9–38|isbn=978-0-7073-0426-7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133305/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/files/Sorley%20MacLean%20The%20Man%20and%20his%20Work_2.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2018}}</ref> <ref name=thesis>{{cite thesis|last=Krause|first=Corinna|title=Eadar Dà Chànan: Self-Translation, the Bilingual Edition and Modern Scottish Gaelic Poetry|year=2007|institution=The [[University of Edinburgh]] School of Celtic and Scottish Studies|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/3453/Krause2007.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818083957/https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/3453/Krause2007.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=family>{{cite book |last=MacDonald|first=Donald Archie|chapter=Some Aspects of Family and Local Background: an Interview with Sorley MacLean|chapter-url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/files/Some%20Aspects%20of%20Family%20and%20Local%20Background_2.pdf|title=Sorley MacLean: Critical Essays|editor1-last=Ross|editor1-first=Raymond J.|editor2-first= Joy|editor2-last= Hendry|publisher=Scottish Academic Press|location=Edinburgh|date=1986|pages=211–222|isbn=978-0-7073-0426-7}}</ref> <ref name="Eerde">{{cite journal |last1=Van Eerde |first1=John |last2=Williamson |first2=Robert |title=Sorley MacLean: A Bard and Scottish Gaelic |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-literature-today_spring-1978_52_2/page/229 |journal=World Literature Today|issn=0196-3570 |year=1978 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=229–232 |doi=10.2307/40132748 |jstor=40132748 }}</ref> <ref name=landscape>{{cite book |last1=Ó Fuaráin |first1=Pádraig |editor1-last=Mac Mathúna |editor1-first=Séamus |editor2-last=Ó Corráin |editor2-first=Ailbhe |editor3-last=Fomin |editor3-first=Maxim |title=Celtic Literatures in the Twentieth Century |date=2007 |publisher=Research Institute for Irish and Celtic Studies University of Ulster |chapter-url=https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/96907/mod_resource/content/1/Celtic%20Literature.pdf |chapter=Landscape in the Poetry of Sorley MacLean |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823210738/https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/96907/mod_resource/content/1/Celtic%20Literature.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2018 |url-status=live|isbn=978-5-9551-0213-9 }}</ref> <ref name="open">{{cite web|last=Calder|first=Angus|author-link=Angus Calder|year=2016|title=The poetry of Sorley MacLean|url=http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/literature-and-creative-writing/literature/the-poetry-sorley-maclean/altformat-word|publisher=[[Open University]]|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214501/http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/literature-and-creative-writing/literature/the-poetry-sorley-maclean/altformat-word|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=dead|accessdate=30 May 2026|archivedate=18 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214501/http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/literature-and-creative-writing/literature/the-poetry-sorley-maclean/altformat-word}}</ref> <ref name=Czech/> <ref name="displacement">{{cite journal |last1=Nicholson |first1=Colin |title=Poetry of Displacement: Sorley MacLean and his Writing |journal=Studies in Scottish Literature|issn=0039-3770 |date=1 January 1987 |volume=22 |issue=1 |url=https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1185&context=ssl}}</ref> <ref name=publications>{{cite web |title=Publications |url=http://www.thesorleymacleantrust.org.uk/english/poetry_periodicals.htm |publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust |access-date=19 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919182702/http://www.thesorleymacleantrust.org.uk/english/poetry_periodicals.htm |archive-date=19 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="hobit">{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=David |title=A personal eulogy for Sorley MacLean |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/arts_ents/13044132.A_personal_eulogy_for_Sorley_MacLean/ |access-date=20 August 2018 |work=The Herald|location=Glasgow |date=15 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820074832/http://www.heraldscotland.com/arts_ents/13044132.A_personal_eulogy_for_Sorley_MacLean/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 }}</ref> <ref name=Hallaig>{{cite book|last=MacInnes|first=John|author-link=John MacInnes (Gaelic scholar)|chapter-url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/files/Hallaig%20a%20Note.pdf|chapter=Hallaig: A Note|title=Dùthchas nan Gàidheal: Selected Essays of John MacInnes|editor-last=Newton|editor-first=Michael|editor-link=Michael Newton (Gaelic scholar)|date= 2006|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Birlinn Ltd.|pages=418–421|isbn=978-1-84158-316-7}}</ref> <ref name="Easter">{{cite journal |last1=O'Gallagher |first1=Niall |title=Ireland's eternal Easter: Sorley MacLean and 1916 |journal=Irish Studies Review |issn=1469-9303 |date=5 September 2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=441–454 |doi=10.1080/09670882.2016.1226678|s2cid=152084743 }}</ref> <ref name=contexts>{{cite web |last1=MacRae |first1=Alasdair |year=2007 |title=Sorley MacLean in Non-Gaelic Contexts |url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/files/Sorley%20MacLean%20in%20Non-Gaelic%20Contexts.pdf |access-date=19 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114506/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/files/Sorley%20MacLean%20in%20Non-Gaelic%20Contexts.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="day">{{cite book |last1=Day |first1=Gary |last2=Docherty |first2=Brian |title=British Poetry from the 1950s to the 1990s: Politics and Art |date=1997 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-25566-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4mSxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=historian>{{cite book|last=Cheape|first=Hugh|date=2016|chapter='A mind restless seeking': Sorley MacLean's historical research and the poet as historian|chapter-url=https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/files/2038514/Cheape_Ainmeil_thar_Cheudan_121_134.pdf|title=Ainmeil thar Cheudan: Presentations to the 2011 Sorley MacLean Conference|editor-first1=R. W. |editor-last1=Renton |editor-first2=I. |editor-last2=MacDonald|publisher=Clò Ostaig|location=[[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig]], [[Isle of Skye]]|pages=121–134|isbn=978-0-9562615-4-0}}</ref> <ref name=two>{{cite web |title=Writing Scotland – Sorley MacLean |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5btqSDpT800TGH1KfnmPpnZ/sorley-maclean |publisher=BBC |access-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905224111/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5btqSDpT800TGH1KfnmPpnZ/sorley-maclean |archive-date=5 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=harvest>{{cite web |title=The Harvest of his Genius |url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/harvest_genius.htm |publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust |access-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430224937/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/harvest_genius.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=MC>{{cite web |last1=Caimbeul |first1=Maoilios |author-link1=Maoilios Caimbeul |title=Feartan ann am bardachd Shomhairle MhicGill-Eain |year=2007 |url=http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/files/Feartan%20ann%20am%20Bardachd%20Shomhairle%20MhicGill-Eain.pdf |publisher=The Sorley MacLean Trust |language=gd |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105525/http://www.sorleymaclean.org/english/files/Feartan%20ann%20am%20Bardachd%20Shomhairle%20MhicGill-Eain.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=saviour>{{cite news |title=Sorley MacLean: A Salute to the saviour of Gaelic verse |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/sorley-maclean-a-salute-to-the-saviour-of-gaelic-verse-1-1692134 |access-date=19 August 2018 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819182408/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/sorley-maclean-a-salute-to-the-saviour-of-gaelic-verse-1-1692134 |archive-date=19 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="review">{{cite news |last1=MacNeil |first1=Kevin |title=Book review: Sorley MacLean |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/book-review-sorley-maclean-1-1523887 |access-date=22 August 2018 |work=The Scotsman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113617/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/book-review-sorley-maclean-1-1523887 |archive-date=22 August 2018 }}</ref> <ref name=MacInnes>{{cite book|last=MacInnes|first=John|author-link=John MacInnes (Gaelic scholar)|chapter=Language, Metre and Diction in the Poetry of Sorley MacLean|title=Dùthchas nan Gàidheal: Selected Essays of John MacInnes|editor-last=Newton|editor-first=Michael|editor-link=Michael Newton (Gaelic scholar)|date= 2006|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Birlinn Ltd.|pages=392–417|isbn=978-1-84158-316-7}}</ref> <ref name="Birt">{{cite book |last1=Beard |first1=David |last2=Gloag |first2=Kenneth |last3=Jones |first3=Nicholas |title=Harrison Birtwistle Studies |date=2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-09374-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTFvBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 |language=en}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author=Dymock|first=Emma|date=2011|title=Scotnotes: The Poetry of Sorley Maclean|location=Glasgow|publisher=Association of Scottish Literary Studies|isbn=978-1-906841-05-8}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Sorley MacLean, Derick Thomson, and the Women Most Dangerous to Men. " The Bottle Imp 21: June 2017. (nke a na-enweta na ohere mepere emepe) * Poncarová, Petra Johana (2017). [https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol43/iss1/12/ "Sorley MacLean's Other Clearance Poems.]" Studies in Scottish Literature: Vol. 43: Mbipụta. 1, peeji nke 124-134. (nke a na-enweta na ohere mepere emepe) &nbsp; {{Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry}}{{Scottish Gaelic literature}}{{Authority control}} ==Edensibịa== [[Otú:Ndị a mụrụ n'afọ 1911]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hcpyvtwo19f2390hnm3jlv6hkdfs2lm Seán South 0 73733 743529 708552 2026-11-06T00:00:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person | name = Seán South | image = File:Seán-south.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|2|8|df=yes}} | death_date = {{death date and age |1957|1|1|1928|2|8|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Limerick]], [[County Limerick]], Ireland | death_place = [[Brookeborough]], [[County Fermanagh]], Northern Ireland | placeofburial = Mount St Lawrence Cemetery, Limerick, [[County Limerick]] | placeofburial_label = | nickname = | allegiance = [[Irish Republic]] | branch = [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|Irish Republican Army]] | serviceyears = 1956–1957 | rank = [[Volunteer (Irish republican)|Volunteer]] | unit = Pearse Column | commands = | battles = [[Border Campaign (IRA)|Border Campaign]] | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} {{Short description|Onye agha Republican nke Ireland}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} '''Seán South''' ({{langx|ga|'''Seán Sabhat'''}}; 8 Febụwarị 1928 - 1 Jenụwarị 1957)<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452">''A New Dictionary of Irish History from 1800'', D.J. Hickey & J.E. Doherty, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 2003, {{ISBN|0-7171-2520-3}} Pg.452</ref> bụ onye otu ndị agha [[Irish Republican Army (1922-1969)|IRA]] nke [[Seán Garland]] duziri mgbe ha wakporo ebe agha [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] dị na [[Brookeborough]], [[County Fermanagh]], [[Northern Ireland]], na [[Ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ]] 1957.<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452"/> South, ya na [[Fergal O'Hanlon]] si County Monaghan, nwụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ e merụrụ n'oge mwakpo ahụ. South ka emesiri, ndị otu Republican na-echeta ya dị ka onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dingley |first1=James C. |title=The IRA: The Irish Republican Army |url=https://archive.org/details/irairishrepublic0000ding |date=2012 |publisher=Praeger}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Haddick-Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=Seán South of Garryowen |date=22 February 2013 |publisher=[[History Ireland]] |url=https://www.historyireland.com/sean-south-of-garryowen/}}</ref> ==Ndụ== A mụrụ Seán South na [[Limerick (obodo)|Limerick]], ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Sexton Street [[Ọgbakọ Ụmụnna Ndị Kraịst|Ụmụnna Ndị Kraịst]] ụlọ akwụkwọ, mechara rụọ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ mbubata osisi nke a na-akpọ McMahon's. Ọ bụ onye otu ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere [[Clann na Poblachta]] (onye ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ya n'oge [[ntuli aka izugbe nke Ireland, ntuli aka 1948|1948]]), [[Sinn Féin]], [[Gaelic League]] na [[Legion of Mary]].<ref name="DIB"/> Na Limerick, o hiwere alaka mpaghara nke [[Maria Duce]],<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452"/><ref name="DIB">{{cite web |url=https://dib.cambridge.org/viewFullScreen.do?filename=a8195 |title=South (Sabhat), Seán |last=White |first=Lawrence William |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |access-date=22 November 2020 }}</ref> otu nzukọ [[Ụka Katọlik|Ndị Katọlik Roman]] nke [[Denis Fahey|Father Denis Fahey]] na-eduzi, ebe South deziri ma {{lang|ga|An Gath}} na {{lang|ga|An Giolla}}. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị onye otu, ụfọdụ na-atụkwa aro na South nwere njikọ na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndi fascist [[Ailtirí na hAiséirghe]], ndị otu ya ọ zutere site na otu ndị otu asụsụ Irish {{lang|ga|Craobh na hAiséirghe}} (alaka [[Gaelic League]]) na {{lang|ga|Glún na Buaidhe}}, bụ ndị bikọrigọ ọnụ ma kwado Ailtirí na hAiséirghe.<ref name="Gannon">{{cite web |url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/olj%2044%20082%20Schools%20of%20Corruption.pdf |title='Schools of Corruption' The Context of Seán South's Anti-Semitism |last=Gannon |first=Seán |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231221630/http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/olj%2044%20082%20Schools%20of%20Corruption.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=18 March 2026 |archivedate=31 December 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231221630/http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/olj%2044%20082%20Schools%20of%20Corruption.pdf }}</ref> Ọkà ihe mere eme bụ́ R.M. Douglas kwuru na "enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla" na South nwere njikọ na Ailtiri na Aiséirghe<ref>{{cite book |last=Douglas |first=RM |author-link= |date=2009 |title=Architects of the Resurrection: Ailtirí na hAiséirghe and the Fascist 'New Order' in Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/architectsofresu0000doug|location= |publisher= |page=[https://archive.org/details/architectsofresu0000doug/page/286 286] |isbn=}}</ref> ebe onye dere akụkọ ndụ nke South nke afọ 1964 bụ Mainchin Seoighe kwenyere na ọ bụ onye otu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Seoighe |first=Mainchín |author-link= |date=1964 |title=Maraíodh Seán Sabhat aréir |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=5 January 2017 |title=Why no public outcry at Gerry Adams paying homage to the notorious fascist thug Sean South? |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/columnists/nelson-mccausland/why-no-public-outcry-at-gerry-adams-paying-homage-to-the-notorious-fascist-thug-sean-south-35342545.html |work=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |location= |access-date=26 July 2022 |quote=South's biographer Mainchin Seoighe also states that he was a member of the fascist party Ailtiri na hAiseirighe, and he was certainly a sympathiser.}}</ref> Ọ natara ọzụzụ agha dịka onye isi nke nchekwa ndị agha Ireland, [[Agha Nchekwa Obodo (Ireland)#Agha Nchekwa Obodo|Agha Nchekwa Obodo]], nke ga-emecha ghọọ {{lang|ga|An Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúil}}, tupu ọ ghọọ onye ọrụ afọ ofufe na [[Ndị Agha Republican nke Ireland (1922-1969)|Ndị Agha Republican nke Ireland]].<ref name="D.J. Hickey 2003, Pg.452"/> Dịka onye otu An Réalt (otu nke Legion of Mary nke na-asụ asụsụ Irish),<ref>{{cite book |last=Bishop, Patrick & Mallie, Eamonn |title=The Provisional IRA |publisher=Corgi Books |year=1987 |isbn=0-552-13337-X |page=42}}</ref> South bụ onye Katọlik na-efe ofufe ma na-agbaso omenala ndị ọzọ, ọbụnadị dịka e si mara ya n'oge ahụ.<ref>Brian Hanley and Scott Millar (2009), ''The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and The Workers' Party'', p.14</ref> Ọ bụ n'ọgbakọ An Réalt ka o zutere naanị enyi ya nwanyị dị ezigbo mkpa, Máire de Paor. Ọ bụ onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ si Limerick ma hụkwa asụsụ Irish n'anya nke ukwuu.<ref>Des Fogarty (2006), ''Seán South of Garryowen'', p.32</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu [[Ndị Knights nke Columbanus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haddick-Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=The Backward Glance: A Miscellany of Irish History, Politics and Culture |page=17}}</ref> N'afọ 1949, South dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi nye akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo ya, ''[[Limerick Leader]]''. Akwụkwọ ozi ndị a katọrọ ihe nkiri [[Cinema nke United States|Hollywood]] maka ihe South weere dị ka ozi rụrụ arụ ha. South boro ebubo na ihe nkiri ndị a na-akwalite "nkwupụta okwu aghụghọ nke sitere na isi mmalite [[Judeo-Masonic controverse formation|Judeo-Masonic]] a na-achịkwa, nke na-agbagọ ma na-emebi uche nke ndị ntorobịa anyị."<ref name="dh">David Hannigan, "Spiders under the Stone". ''[[Fortnight (magazine)|Fortnight]]'', No. 314 (Feb., 1993), pp. 34-35</ref><ref name="isw">Ian S. Wood, ''Britain, Ireland and the Second World War''. [[Edinburgh University Press]], Edinburgh, 2010 {{ISBN|9780748630011}} (p.204)</ref> South kwukwara na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Amerịka bụ "ndị isi ndị Juu na ndị Masonic na-achịkwa ya, ndị na-achịkwa ya na ọkwa [[Kọmunist|Kọmunist]]."<ref name="dh" /> N'akwụkwọ ozi ya, South katọrọkwa ndị otu ọrụ Irish [[otu ndị ọrụ]], ma too ọrụ Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] na United States.<ref name="isw" /> N'akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ọ dere n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, South hotara ihe sitere n'aka [[A. K. Chesterton]], onye otu [[British Union of Fascist]] na onye guzobere [[League of Empire Loyalists]], nke mechara jikọta ya na [[British National Party (1960)|British National Party]] na 1967 wee bụrụ [[National Front (UK)|National Front]].<ref name="Gannon"/> ==Ọnwụ== N'ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ nke afọ 1957, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufe IRA iri na anọ gafere ókèala ahụ gaa [[County Fermanagh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php |title=Sean South |website=Edentubber Martyrs 50th Anniversary |accessdate=2009-05-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php |archive-date=2009-11-15 |archivedate=15 November 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php }} Edentubber Martyrs Fiftieth Anniversary</ref> iji wakpo ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]]/[[Ulster Special Constabulary#Organization|B Specials]] dị na Moane's Cross na Altawark [[townland]] dị nso na Cooneen, maịlụ isii site na [[Brookeborough]]. N'oge mwakpo ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufe merụrụ ahụ, abụọ nwụrụ anwụ. South na [[Fergal O'Hanlon]] nwụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ha ka ha na-agba ọsọ. Ndị enyi ha bubatara ozu ha n'ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ochie nke nkume ájá. E ji nkume e si n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ahụ wuo ihe ncheta n'ebe ahụ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/31334 |title=Roslea remembers its martyrs |first=Laura |last=Friel |date=8 October 1998 |newspaper=[[An Phoblacht]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526103600/http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/31334 |archive-date=May 26, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebe a dị n'ebe na-ejikọ ụzọ Cooneen na Teiges Hill Road, ihe dị ka maịlụ isii n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Rosslea. E mere olili ozu South na Jenụwarị 5, 1957, ọtụtụ mmadụ wee ruo ọtụtụ puku, gụnyere ndị ụkọchukwu na Meyọ nke Obodo Limerick [[Ted Russell (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ireland)|Ted Russell]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Horgan |first1=John |title=Sean Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot |url=https://archive.org/details/seanlemassenigm00horg |date=1997 |publisher=Gill & Macmillan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Irish Border: History, Politics, Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/irishborderhisto0000unse |date=1999 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/irishborderhisto0000unse/page/113 113]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Haddick-Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=The Backward Glance: A Miscellany of Irish History, Politics and Culture |date=2022 |page=35}}</ref> ==Ihe nketa== Ihe nketa nke South ka bụ okwu esemokwu na esemokwu, ọkachasị na [[Northern Ireland]] ebe South nwụrụ. Na 2019, [[Ulster Unionist Party]] MLA [[Rosemary Barton (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)|Rosemary Barton]] katọrọ [[Martin Kenny]] maka [[Sinn Féin]] maka ito ihe nketa South na ncheta kwa afọ nke emere maka South na Limerick. Barton kwuru na mwakpo South wakporo ebe obibi Brookeborough n'afọ 1957 bụ ihe iyi egwu ma kpọọ South "onye a ma ama na onye na-emegide ndị Juu".<ref>{{cite news |date=10 January 2019 |title=Row over claims legendary IRA man was Nazi sympathiser |url=https://fermanaghherald.com/2019/01/row-over-claims-legendary-ira-man-was-nazi-sympathiser/ |work=The Fermanagh Herald |access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref> Kwa afọ na Limerick Sinn Féin na-ahazi ncheta nke South, ya na onye kansụl Limerick Sinn Féin bụ John Costelloe na-ekwu "ka nwoke si Limerick bịa wee merie ike nke Alaeze Ukwu Briten were obi ike... anyị kwesịrị ịsọpụrụ ndị dike anyị".<ref>{{cite web |title=Limerick councillor seeks to honour Sean South in his home city |date=17 May 2021 |publisher=Limerick Leader |url=https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/633537/limerick-councillor-seeks-to-honour-sean-south-in-his-home-city.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517071256/https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/633537/limerick-councillor-seeks-to-honour-sean-south-in-his-home-city.html |archive-date=2021-05-17 }}</ref> Aha obodo Limerick [[club]] nke [[Official Sinn Féin]] ka e ji aha South kpọọ.<ref>{{Cite book |title = INLA Deadly Divisions |author= Holland and McDonald |date = 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2025, Pádraig Óg Ó Ruairc, onye otu Republican na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ireland, katọrọ South dị ka onye fasizim ma kwuo na South abụghị onye otu Republican kwesịrị icheta.<ref>{{cite podcast |host=Hugh Linehan |date=23 April 2025 |title=How the Dublin Riots can be traced back to the Blueshirts |url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/6wYqUrxYXEpmVdlwcNhEcy?si=74b91f1847464988 |work=Inside Politics |publisher=[[Irish Times]] |time=40:00 |access-date=}}</ref> ===Ncheta=== Mwakpo ahụ e mere n'ogige ndị agha kpaliri abụ abụọ a ma ama nke ndị nnupụisi: "Seán South of Garryowen" na "[[The Patriot Game]]".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php Ruan O'Donnell, Professor of History at the University of Limerick] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115191715/http://www.edentubber50th.com/pages/south.php |date=2009-11-15}}</ref> *"[[Sean South (song)|Sean South]]", a makwaara ya dị ka "Sean South of Garryowen", nke Sean Costello dere dịka egwu nke otu egwu Republican ọzọ "[[Roddy McCorley]]"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesession.org/tunes/display/6673|title = Roddy McCorley (March) on the Session| date=20 January 2007 }}</ref> ma mee ka a mara ya site na [[Wolfe Tones]]. *A kpọtụkwara South aha n'egwu [[Rubberdants]]' nke a kpọrọ "Up Da Ra", nke na-eme ihe ọchị n'echiche nke [[Onye agha oche | onye ọchịchị aka nke ndị Republican]] site na iji usoro akwụkwọ nke [[onye na-akọ akụkọ a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://genius.com/Rubberbandits-up-the-ra-lyrics |title=Rubberbandits - Up Da Ra |website=Genius}}</ref> *E nwere ihe e ji echeta ya n'èzí ebe a mụrụ ya na [[Henry Street, Limerick]].<ref>[http://www.limerickleader.ie/news/local-news/196692/Limerick-commemorations-mark-the-death-of.html Limerick commemorations mark the death of Sean South]</ref> [[File:South and ohanlon.jpg|thumb|Ihe ncheta dị na Moane's Cross, Fermanagh gaa South na O'Hanlon]] ==Ihe odide ala ala== {{reflist|33em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:South, Sean}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] 6l439ze3fc8v28omri9x8uci2ur4l7r Petr Ginz 0 73903 743471 729573 2026-11-05T15:35:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743471 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Petr Ginz (1928 1944) AI 01.jpg|thumb|Petr Ginz]]   '''Petr Ginz''' (1 Febụwarị 1928 - 28 Septemba 1944) bụ nwa nwoke Czechoslovak nke onye Juu na-akpachaghị anya bụ onye a chụpụrụ na Theresienstadt Ghetto (nke a maara dị ka Terezín, na Czech) n'oge Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ. E gburu ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii mgbe a kpọgara ya n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Auschwitz wee gbuo ya mgbe ọ bịarutere. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. == Ndụ == [[Faịlụ:Earth_seen_from_the_Moon.jpg|thumb|Ụwa a hụrụ site n'ọnwa]] Ginz bụ nwa Otto Ginz, onye njikwa ngalaba mbupụ nke ụlọ ọrụ akwa Prague na onye Esperantist a ma ama, na Marie Ginz (née Dolanská). <ref name="story">{{Cite web|url=http://www.holocaust.cz/cz2/history/people/ginz|title=Petr Ginz's story|publisher=Holocaust.cz|accessdate=April 14, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224055938/http://www.holocaust.cz/cz2/history/people/ginz|archivedate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> Nna Ginz bụ onye Juu, ebe nne ya abụghị onye Juu. Nne na nna ya zutere na nnọkọ Esperantist. Nne ya si Hradec Králové, ebe nna ya bụ onye nkuzi obodo. Ginz na-enweta nleta ugboro ugboro site n'aka ndị ikwu ya, ọkachasị n'oge ezumike Krismas. Ginz bụ nwata nwoke nwere ọgụgụ isi. N'agbata afọ 8 na 14 o dere akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ: From Prague to China, The Wizard from Altay Mountains, Around the World in One Second na A Visit from Prehistory - naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ndụ. Edere akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ahụ, gụnyere ''Návštěva z pravěku'' (English: Visit from Prehistory), n'ụdị Jules Verne ma jiri ihe osise nke ya gosipụta ya.<ref name="reflex">{{Cite web|url=http://www.reflex.cz/Clanek12766.html|title=Reflex about Ginz|publisher=Reflex.cz|accessdate=April 14, 2011|language=cs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030012221/http://www.reflex.cz/Clanek12766.html|archivedate=October 30, 2008}}</ref> O nwere mmasị na sayensị ma na-achọsi ihe ọmụma ike. N'ihi mmasị nne na nna ya na Esperanto, asụsụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ala nna Petr (nke ọzọ bụ Czech). Dị ka iwu ndị na-emegide ndị Juu nke Ọchịchị Ọchịchị nke Atọ si kwuo, a ga-ebuga ụmụaka sitere n’alụmdi na nwunye gbakọrọ ọnụ n’ogige ịta ahụhụ mgbe ha dị afọ 14. E bugara Ginz na-eto eto n’ogige ịta ahụhụ Theresienstadt n’October 1942.Mgbalị ya na sayensị na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka ihe ọmụma nọgidere na-anwa ịmụ akwụkwọ ọbụna n'ogige ịta ahụhụ. Ọ na-agụkarị n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ nke jupụtara n'akwụkwọ ndị e weghaara bụ́ ndị o nwere ike ịbanye. E debere ya na Domov č.1 (Home No. 1, ụlọ L417).Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kacha pụta ìhè n'obodo.[1] O guzobere ma kwadoo maka ibipụta magazin oge ụfọdụ Vedem, nke pụtara "Anyị Na-edu".O dekwara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Esperanto-Czech yana ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpụmkpụ nke furu efu kemgbe. A na-akpọ otu mpempe akwụkwọ dị otú ahụ "Rambles site Theresienstadt" nke ọ na-agba ndị mmadụ ajụjụ ọnụ ma kwuo banyere ndị mmadụ, ụlọ, na ọbụna crematorium<ref name="story" /> .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zpravy.tiscali.cz/petr-ginz-a-jeho-mesicni-krajina-zidovsky-chlapec-jehoz-kresbu-vynesli-do-vesmiru-291584|title=Petr Ginz a jeho Měsíční krajina: Židovský chlapec, jehož kresbu vynesli do vesmíru|date=14 January 2017|first=Helena|author=Kalendová|language=Czech|accessdate=14 November 2018}}</ref> A na-egosi obosara nke mmasị ya, ikike, na àgwà ya site n'ihe odide ya fọdụrụnụ na akaebe nke ndị enyi ya lanarịrị. O nwere mmasị na akwụkwọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme, ihe osise, ọdịdị ala, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na ngalaba teknụzụ. A na-ebipụta magazin ''Vedem'' na Fraịdee ọ bụla ruo afọ abụọ.<ref name="reflex" /> E kenyere Petr n'otu n'ime ụgbọ njem ikpeazụ sitere na Terzin gaa ogige ịta ahụhụ Auschwitz. Egburu ya na ụlọ gas na 1944. E bipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'asụsụ Bekee n'aha: The Diary of Petr Ginz 1941–1942. == ''Vedem'' == E guzobere magazin ahụ obere oge ka ọ bịarutere Terezín na 1942. E wezụga Gi''nz'', ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke ndị ọzọ si ''Domov č.1.'' nyekwara aka. Petr Ginz ghọrọ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ ma nye aka n'okpuru aha koodu nz ma ọ bụ ''Akademie'' (Academy). Otu n'ime ndị ya na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ bụ Hanuš Hachenburg onye dere ọtụtụ uri. Ginz nyere nwanne ya nwanyị ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na ihe osise ya tupu ebufee ya, yabụ ọtụtụ n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ka dị ruo taa.<ref name="story" /> A chụpụkwara nwanne ya nwanyị na Terezín na 1944, mana ọ lanarịrị.<ref name="story" /> == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == [[Faịlụ:Novobilský_-_Taglibro_de_mia_frato_(Esperanto_Brno_2013).JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Věra na Vlastimil Novobilský na-agụ n'olu dara ụda site na nsụgharị Esperanto ha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Petr Ginz maka ndị otu Esperanto na Brno (2013) ]] Tupu njem ya, Ginz dere akwụkwọ akụkọ n'etiti afọ 1941 na 1942 banyere ndụ ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ a, nke e dere n'ụzọ doro anya, ejirila ya tụnyere nke Anne Frank. Akwụkwọ akụkọ a furu efu mana a chọtara ma bipụta ya site n'aka nwanne ya nwanyị Eva (emesịa Chava Pressburger) dị ka Diary of My Brother. E bipụtara ya n'asụsụ Spanish, Catalan, na Esperanto, yana Czech mbụ, na n'asụsụ Bekee n'Eprel 2007 dị ka The Diary of Petr Ginz 1941–1942. Ntụleghachi pụtara na mbipụta nke New York Times nke ụbọchị Tuzdee 10 Eprel 2007. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Parker|first=Ashley|title=A Youthful Chronicle of Wartime in Prague|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/10/books/10ginz.html|work=The New York Times|date=10 April 2007}}</ref> == Ihe osise == Onye [[Israel]] na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe Ilan Ramon, onye nne ya na nne nne ya lanarịrị Auschwitz, S. Isaac Mekel, onye nduzi mmepe na American Society for Yad Vashem, ka o were ihe si Yad Vashem banye na American Space Shuttle Columbia.<ref name="reflex" /> Ramon ji ya see ihe osise Ginz nke [[Àlà|Ụwa]] dị ka a hụrụ ya n'[[Ọnwa]]. Ụgbọelu ahụ, mgbe ọ na-abanyeghachi na ikuku nke ụwa, gbawara na 1 Febụwarị 2003, na-ebibi ihe osise Ginz na ihe gaara abụ afọ 75 ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/02/01/shuttle.columbia/|title=Columbia tragedy|accessdate=2008-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611075903/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/02/01/shuttle.columbia/|archivedate=June 11, 2008}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, afọ iri na ise mgbe ọdachi Space Shuttle Columbia gasịrị, Yad Vashem nyere nwunye di ya, Rona, akwụkwọ ọzọ iji nye Onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe Andrew Feustel. Feustel buuru ya gaa na mbara igwe n'oge Njem 56 iji cheta Ginz na Ramon. Ozi vidiyo Feustel na-echeta Ụbọchị Ncheta Holocaust (Yom HaShoah) 2018/5778 gosipụtara onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe na-egosi ihe Ginz gosipụtara n'echiche nke ụwa site n'ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelhayom.co.il/article/532123|title=Fulfilling the dream of Ilan Ramon (in Hebrew)|date=31 January 2018|publisher=Israel Hayom}}</ref><ref name="NASA_feustel">{{Cite web|author=Garcia|first=Mark|title=Astronaut Drew Feustel Honors Holocaust Remembrance Day with a Replica of Drawing First Flown in Space by the Late Ilan Ramon|date=12 April 2018|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/astronaut-drew-feustel-honors-holocaust-remembrance-day-with-a-replica-of-drawing-first|work=NASA|accessdate=12 April 2018|archivedate=June 2, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602184825/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/astronaut-drew-feustel-honors-holocaust-remembrance-day-with-a-replica-of-drawing-first/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2018/04/12/news-opinion/united-states/us-astronaut-records-holocaust-remembrance-message-space|title=US astronaut records Holocaust remembrance message in space|date=April 12, 2018}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 1, 2020, Feustel nyere otu n'ime mbipụta nke "Moon Landscape" wetara na mbara igwe na Czech Center Museum Houston. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/space/mission/moon-landscape|title=Landscape- Petr Ginz and an Astronauts Legacy|author=|date=February 11, 2020|work=Czech Center Museum Houston, Houston}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == [[Faịlụ:StolpersteinPRAHA_7.jpg|thumb|Stolperstein maka Petr Ginz n'ihu Stárkova 1745/4 na Prague]] * A gụrụ Asteroid 50413 Petrginz aha iji sọpụrụ ya. * N'afọ 2005, Czech Post wepụtara stampụ 31 KČ nke nwere ihe osise ọnwa na onyinyo iji cheta Petr Ginz. * A na-etinye Stolperstein site n'aka onye Germany na-ese ihe Gunter Demnig iji sọpụrụ ya na Prague. * Ọ bụ isiokwu nke egwuregwu The Diary of Petr Ginz <ref>{{Cite news|author=Vaughan|first=David|date=2010-12-09|title=Petr Ginz: a moving dramatization of a wartime diary|url=https://english.radio.cz/petr-ginz-a-moving-dramatization-a-wartime-diary-8570299|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=Radio Prague International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260304142916/https://english.radio.cz/petr-ginz-a-moving-dramatization-a-wartime-diary-8570299|archive-date=2026-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> nke emere na Prague Fringe Festival na 2008. * E chetaara ndụ ya na ihe nkiri 2012, The Last Flight of Petr Ginz, nke Sandra Dickson na Churchill Roberts duziri.<ref>{{IMDb title|title=The Last Flight of Petr Ginz}}</ref> * A na-echeta akụkọ ya n'abụ, "For Petr and Ilan", na album Does the Land Remember Me? (2018) nke Ben Fisher dere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://benfisher.bandcamp.com/track/for-petr-and-ilan|title=For Petr and Ilan, by Ben Fisher}}</ref> * Otu egwu rock na-aga n'ihu nke Norway bụ Gazpacho gụnyere abụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Petr Ginz na abọm ha nke afọ 2014 bụ Demon . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprogressiveaspect.net/blog/2015/11/14/thomas-andersen-gazpacho/|title=Thomas Andersen – Gazpacho, by Leo Trimming}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-ede akụkọ banyere Oké Mgbukpọ * Ndepụta nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ * Ndepụta nke akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara mgbe ha nwụsịrị == Edensibia == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * The Diary of Petr Ginz ( bipụtara na Bekee na 2007)   * [https://www.science.co.il/Ilan-Ramon/Moon-landscape.php ''Ọdịdị Ọnwa''] (ihe osise) * [http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/nochildsplay/ghettos2.asp ''Petr Ginz - Theresienstadt''] na Yad Vashem Museum * The Last Flight of Petr Ginz (ihe nkiri 2011) * The Last Flight of Petr Ginz, UN Study Guide. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140423065523/http://collections.jewishmuseum.cz/index.php/Browse/modifyCriteria/facet/people_facet/id/88538/mod_id/0 Akwụkwọ banyere Petr Ginz] na nchịkọta nke Jewish Museum Prague E debere ya n'April 23, 2011, na Wayback Machine. hy4o5uxihjig6bn7x4yltvldtdtw65m Rosalynn Carter 0 74317 743506 621209 2026-11-05T20:27:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eleanor Rosalynn Carter''' (née '''Smith;''' Ọgọst 18, 1927 – Nọvemba 19, 2023) bụ onye America na-akwado ọchịchị na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ nke jere ozi dịka nwanyị mbụ nke United States site na 1977 ruo 1981, dịka nwunye nke Onyeisiala [[Jimmy Carter]], site na alụmdi na nwunye ha site na 1946 ruo ọnwụ ya na 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mckay|first=Rich|date=November 29, 2023|title=Mourners honor former US first lady Rosalynn Carter's humanitarian work|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-join-mourners-memorial-former-us-first-lady-rosalynn-carter-2023-11-28/|work=Reuters|accessdate=November 30, 2023}}</ref> N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ ọrụ ọha ya, ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ahụike uche.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Carballo|first=Rebecca|date=November 20, 2023|title=Rosalynn Carter Lauded for Humanitarian Work, Mental Health Advocacy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/19/us/politics/rosalynn-carter-death-tributes-reactions.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=November 20, 2023}}</ref> ==Agụmakwụkwọ na agbamakwụkwọ ya== A mụrụ Eleanor Rosalynn Smith na Ọgọst 18, 1927, na Plaìns, [[Georgia]]. Ọ bụ ada n'ime ụmụ n'anọ.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 19, 2023 |title=A timeline of key moments from former first lady Rosalynn Carter's 96 years |url=https://apnews.com/article/rosalynn-carter-dead-7b208f1b51fe0efd4fe8cf0ac0592fea |access-date=November 20, 2023 |work=Associated Press News |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120000723/https://apnews.com/article/rosalynn-carter-dead-7b208f1b51fe0efd4fe8cf0ac0592fea |url-status=live }}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Plains High School, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ gara Georgia Southwestern College, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1946.<ref name=graduated>{{cite news|url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/politics/jimmy-carter/rosalynn-carter-georgia-southwestern-state-university-alma-mater-campus-buildings/85-d5a6696e-1f8a-47a6-91e7-8a8b2accf676|title='Never did I dream they would bear my name' – Namesake buildings honor Rosalynn Carter's history at alma mater|first1=Christie|last1=Diez|publisher=[[11Alive]]|date=November 27, 2023|accessdate=November 27, 2023}}</ref> Ọ bịara nwee mmasị na di ya n'ọdịnihu, bụkwa onye Plains, mgbe ọ hụchara foto ya na uwe US Naval Academy, ha lụrụ na 1946. Ha mụrụ ụmụ anọ.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 2023 |title=Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter: A love story for the ages |url=https://www.ktvq.com/jimmy-and-rosalynn-carter-a-love-story-for-the-ages |access-date=November 20, 2023 |website=Q2 News (KTVQ) |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120211649/https://www.ktvq.com/jimmy-and-rosalynn-carter-a-love-story-for-the-ages |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/about_us/biography_of_rosalynn_carter |title=Biography of Rosalynn Carter |publisher=Jimmy Carter Library and Museum|access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809114228/https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/about_us/biography_of_rosalynn_carter |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na dịka First Lady== Carter nyeere di ya aka imeri gọvanọ Georgia na 1970, ma kpebie itinye uche ya n'ihe gbasara ahụike uche mgbe ọ bụ nwunye mbụ nke steeti ahụ.<ref>{{cite news |last=Curry |first=Nan |date=August 13, 1971 |title=First Lady lauds Battey progress on mental aid |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19710813&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |work=Rome News-Tribune |access-date=October 31, 2017 |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317013555/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BJbdYPG6LGMC&dat=19710813&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ gbara ya mkpọsa n'oge ọ na-eme nke ọma ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala United States na ntuli aka 1976, meriri onye isi ala Republican {{ill|Gerald Ford|en}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-announcing-candidacy-for-the-democratic-presidential-nomination-the-national-press |title=Address Announcing Candidacy for the Democratic Presidential Nomination at the National Press Club in Washington, DC |website=The American Presidency Project |last1=Peters |first1=Gerhard |last2=Woolley |first2=John T. |date=December 12, 1974 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816181829/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-announcing-candidacy-for-the-democratic-presidential-nomination-the-national-press |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CG0zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3DIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6942%2C5857919 |title=Carter a candidate for the presidency |publisher=Lodi News-Sentinel |date=December 13, 1974 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521142244/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CG0zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3DIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6942,5857919 |url-status=live}}</ref> Carter na-eme ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge ọchịchị di ya, n'agbanyeghị na o kwuputara na o nweghị ebumnobi nke ịbụ nwunye eze ọdịnala. N'oge ọchịchị ya, Carter kwadoro atumatu ọha nke di ya, yana ndụ mmekọrịta ya na nke onwe ya. Iji mara nke ọma, ọ nọdụrụ na nzukọ ndị Cabinet na òkù Onye isi ala kpọrọ ya. Carter nọchiterekwa anya di ya na nzukọ ya na ndị isi ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ, gụnyere dịka onye nnọchi anya [[Latin America]] na 1977. Ọ hụrụ na ọ bụ onye mmekọ nhata. Ọ gbara akwụkwọ maka nhọpụta ntuli aka ya dara ada na ntuli aka 1980, bụ nke o meriri na nturuugo n'aka onye nhọpụta Republican {{ill|Ronald Reagan|en}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/03/13/rosalynn-carter-awesome-home/59605bc6-c5da-486c-90e1-6d6e56a3bf34/|title=Rosalynn Carter: 'Awesome' Home|first=Helen|last=Thomas|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=March 13, 1977|access-date=November 12, 2017|archive-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122062047/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/03/13/rosalynn-carter-awesome-home/59605bc6-c5da-486c-90e1-6d6e56a3bf34/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/11/archives/board-of-now-to-oppose-carter-charging-lag-on-womens-issues-must-be.html|date=December 11, 1979|title=Board of NOW to Oppose Carter, Charging Lag on Women's Issues|first=Adam|last=Clymer|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/FirstLadies/RCarter.html|title=First Ladies: Rosalynn Carter|publisher=classroomhelp.com|access-date=November 12, 2017|archive-date=November 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113112652/http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/FirstLadies/RCarter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Mgbe emechara dịka First Lady== Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị {{ill|White House|en}} na 1981, Carter gara n'ihu na-akwado maka ahụike uche na ihe ndị ọzọ, dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, wee tinye aka na ọrụ mba na mba ụwa nke {{ill|Carter Center|en}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cartercenter.org/news/experts/rosalynn_carter.html|title=Rosalynn Carter Biography|website=The Carter Center|access-date=July 28, 2008|archive-date=July 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723120655/http://cartercenter.org/news/experts/rosalynn_carter.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya na di ya nyekwara aka na mgbasawanye nke ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka {{ill|Habitat for Humanity|en}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Rosalynn-Carter-Advocate-for-the-mentally-ill-3178270.php|title=Rosalynn Carter: Advocate for the mentally ill|first=Julian|last=Guthrie|date=August 11, 2010|work=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=November 12, 2017|archive-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102243/https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Rosalynn-Carter-Advocate-for-the-mentally-ill-3178270.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Na 1987, ọ tọrọ ntọala {{ill|Institute for Caregivers|en}}, iji gwa ma kwado mbọ ndị nlekọta.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/jimmy-carter-habitat-for-humanity-carter-center-eae94114f97acec388f8e32b9202f782 | title=Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter left behind enduring nonprofits as part of their legacy of giving back | website=Associated Press News | date=January 7, 2025 }}</ref> Ọ natara nrite {{ill|Presidential Medal of Freedom|en}} n'akụkụ di ya na 1999.<ref name="senate3">{{cite web|last=Secretary of the Senate, United States Congress|title=Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients|url=https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Recipients.htm|access-date=November 14, 2011|work=Official Website of the United States Senate|publisher=United States Senate (Government of the United States)|archive-date=July 14, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040714130038/http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Recipients.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Na Mee 30, 2023, a chọpụtara na ọ nwere nkwarụ mgbe ọ gwọchara ya, nwụrụ ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị n'ụlọ ya na Plains, Georgia, mgbe ọ dị afọ 96.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carter Family Statement about Health of First Lady Rosalynn Carter |date=May 30, 2023 |url=https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/2023/statement-on-rosalynn-carters-health.html |access-date=May 30, 2023 |publisher=Carter Center |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171434/https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/2023/statement-on-rosalynn-carters-health.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Former first lady Rosalynn Carter has dementia, Carter Center says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/30/politics/rosalynn-carter-health |access-date=May 30, 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=May 30, 2023 |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530183550/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/30/politics/rosalynn-carter-health/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/obituaries/rosalynn-carter-former-first-lady-dies-rcna62862|title=Rosalynn Carter, former first lady and tireless humanitarian who advocated for mental health issues, dies at 96|publisher=NBC News|access-date=November 19, 2023|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119202200/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/obituaries/rosalynn-carter-former-first-lady-dies-rcna62862|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} j2cfxfp8h877eyn5w68566plz09thgo Sheikh Hasina 0 74623 743533 623620 2026-11-06T00:34:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sheikh Hasina Wazed''' (amụrụ na Septemba 28, 1947) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Bangladesh nke jere ozi dịka [[:en:Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh|Praịm Minista nke Bangladesh]] site na 1996 ruo 2001 nakwa site na 2009 ruo 2024. Ọ bụ ada nke [[:en:Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], [[:en:President_of_Bangladesh|onyeisiala mbụ nke Bangladesh]], ọ bụkwa praịm minista kacha ogologo n'ọchịchị na Bangladesh nakwa otu n'ime ndị isi ọchịchị nwanyị kacha ogologo n'ụwa niile.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 August 2024|title=Sheikh Hasina: A critical misstep and the end of 15 years of rule|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/5/sheikh-hasina-a-critical-misstep-and-the-end-of-15-years-of-rule|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926022045/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2024/8/5/sheikh-hasina-a-critical-misstep-and-the-end-of-15-years-of-rule|archivedate=26 September 2024|accessdate=9 October 2024|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Kawser|first=Rumi|date=11 September 2019|title=Survey: Sheikh Hasina tops as longest serving female leader in world|url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/world/2019/09/11/survey-sheikh-hasina-tops-as-longest-serving-female-leader-in-world|accessdate=10 June 2022|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> ==Akụkọ ndụ ya== A mụrụ Hasina Sheikh na 28 Septemba 1947 na ezinụlọ {{ill|Bengali|en}} [[Muslim]], Hasina enwechaghị ọnụnọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị tupu e gbuo ezinụlọ ya na 1975.<ref name=":birthday">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/happy-birthday-pm-1806445 |title=PM's birthday today |work=The Daily Star |date=29 September 2019 |access-date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=29 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929103323/https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/happy-birthday-pm-1806445 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশ ও অনুপ্রেরণার গল্প |year=2022| language= bn |publisher=Inspiring Bangladesh |isbn=978-984-35-0351-0 |page=30 |trans-title=Bangladesh and a Story of Inspiration}}</ref> Ewezuga di ya, ụmụ ya na nwanne ya nwanyị, e gburu ezinụlọ Hasina niile n'oge ọchịchị mba Bangladesh nke afọ 1975 bụ nke mere ka e gbuo nna ya {{ill|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|en}}. N'oge ahụ ọ na-eleta Europe ebe ọ nọgidere na mba ọzọ.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/23/archives/bangladesh-coup-a-day-of-killings-account-depicts-how-young.html | title=Bangladesh Coup: A Day of Killings | work=The New York Times | date=23 August 1975 | access-date=31 July 2024 | archive-date=18 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118222143/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/23/archives/bangladesh-coup-a-day-of-killings-account-depicts-how-young.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/15/archives/mujib-reported-overthrown-and-killed-in-a-coup-by-the-bangladesh.html | title=Mu jib Reported Overthrown and Killed in a Coup by the Bangladesh Military | work=The New York Times | date=15 August 1975 | access-date= 31 July 2024 | archive-date=27 June 2024 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240627112526/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/15/archives/mujib-reported-overthrown-and-killed-in-a-coup-by-the-bangladesh.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/mournful-day-681882 |title=The Mournful Day |work=The Business Standard |date=13 August 2023 |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806145022/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/mournful-day-681882 |url-status= live}}</ref> Mgbe Hasina bi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[India]], a họpụtara Hasina onye isi oche nke {{ill|Awami League|en}} na 16 February 1981.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheikh-hasina-wajed/ |title=Sheikh Hasina Wajed |website=Forbes |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410095025/https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheikh-hasina-wajed/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ na ndọrọ n'agha gasịrị, ọ laghachiri [[:en:Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] na 1981, na-eduga Awami League na-emegide ọchịchị ndị agha.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://cri.org.bd/2021/05/17/what-you-need-to-know-about-sheikh-hasinas-homecoming/ |title= What you need to know about Sheikh Hasina's homecoming| website= cri.org.bd |date=17 May 2021| publisher= Centre for Research and Information| location= Bangladesh |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240226170739/https://cri.org.bd/2021/05/17/what-you-need-to-know-about-sheikh-hasinas-homecoming/ |url-status= dead}}</ref> N'akụkụ {{ill|Khaleda Zia|en}},<ref name="tale">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1575704.stm |title=Analysis: A tale of two women |date=2 October 2001 |work=BBC News |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313102335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1575704.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya ogologo oge n'ọdịnihu, ọ rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ na ọgba aghara 1990 nke weghachiri ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2018 |title=A Life sketch of Sheikh Hasina; Sentinel of Democracy |url=https://albd.org/pages/16/Sheikh-Hasina |website=Bangladesh Awami League |access-date=18 January 2024 |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301201821/https://www.albd.org/pages/16/Sheikh-Hasina |url-status=live }}</ref> Mgbe ọ jesịrị ozi dị ka onye ndu nke mmegide site na 1991 ruo 1996, ọ meriri ntuli aka izugbe nke June 1996, malite okwu mbụ ya dị ka praịm minista. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ndu nke mmegide ọzọ site na 2001 ruo 2006, tupu ya emeri okwu nke abụọ na ntuli aka izugbe 2008.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hasina,_Sheikh |title=Hasina, Sheikh |website=Banglapedia |access-date=2 January 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012093315/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hasina%2C_Sheikh |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọkwa nke abụọ nke Hasina bụ nnukwu mmepe akụ na ụba na akụrụngwa, yana mmụba mba na mba ụwa maka ndaghachi azụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, mmanye mpụ, mmegide ikike mmadụ na mmachi megide mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi. Ndị nkatọ boro gọọmentị ya ebubo ịkwado ikike, nrụrụ aka na ịpụnara ego nke mba ofesi.<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Rahman |first=Waliur |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6241263.stm |title=Is Bangladesh heading towards disaster? |work=BBC News |date=8 January 2007 |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-date=19 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119035022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6241263.stm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 December 2008 |title=Hasina wins Bangladesh landslide |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7803785.stm |access-date=27 March 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216215840/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7803785.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> N’ọnwa Julaị 2024, ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke ndị Awami League na-edu kpagburu otu mmegharị mgbanwe oke ụmụ akwụkwọ, butere ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ narị ndị ngagharị iwe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh's foreign debt more than triples in 10 years |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/bangladeshs-foreign-debt-more-triples-10-years-547358 |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=The Business Standard |date=7 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208173812/https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/bangladeshs-foreign-debt-more-triples-10-years-547358 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hasnat |first1=Saif |date=11 July 2024 |title=Tens of Thousands of Students Protest Job Quotas in Bangladesh's Streets |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/11/world/asia/bandladesh-student-protests-job-quotas.html |url-access= |access-date=15 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715023641/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/11/world/asia/bandladesh-student-protests-job-quotas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ntugharị ahụ mechara banye na ngagharị iwe na enweghị nkwado, butere arụkwaghịm ya na ndọrọ n'agha gaa India wee weta njedebe ọchịchị onye isi ala afọ 15 ya.<ref name="RTV">{{cite news |script-title=bn:সারাদেশে সহিংসতায় নিহত ১১ |trans-title=11 killed in violence across the country |url=https://www.rtvonline.com/bangladesh/283229 |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=RTV |language=bn |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125703/https://www.rtvonline.com/bangladesh/283229 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Drenched in blood – how Bangladesh protests turned deadly |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4ng5v03gd4o |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804023456/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4ng5v03gd4o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Isaac Yee |author2=Tanbirul Miraj Ripon |title=Bangladesh prime minister resigns as deadly anti-government rallies grip nation |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/05/asia/bangladesh-prime-minister-residence-stormed-intl/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |date=5 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9033zpv0nvo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805114845/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9033zpv0nvo|archive-date=5 August 2024|access-date=5 August 2024|url-status=live|title=How Bangladesh's protests ended Sheikh Hasina's 15-year reign|first=Anbarasan|last=Ethirajan|date=5 August 2024|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2025, ụlọ ikpe Bangladesh mara ya ikpe na-anọghị ya maka ebubo mpụ megidere ọha mmadụ, gụnyere inye iwu ike igbu mmadụ megide ndị ngagharị iwe, a mara ya ikpe ọnwụ, nke ọ jụrụ dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh's ex-PM Sheikh Hasina sentenced to death |work=Deutsche Welle | url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-sheikh-hasina-sentenced-to-death-crimes-against-humanity/live-74771291 |date=17 November 2025 |language=en |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> Hasina so na mmadụ 100 kacha nwee mmetụta na magazin ''Times'' n'ụwa na 2018, ma depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 100 kachasị ike n'ụwa site na [[:en:Forbes|Forbes]] na 2015, 2018 na 2022.<ref name=":83">{{Cite magazine |title=Sheikh Hasina: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003011731/https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina/ |archive-date=3 October 2020 |access-date=9 August 2023 |magazine=[[:en:Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 December 2018 |title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920073036/https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=4 December 2018 |work=Forbes}}</ref> N'oge ya dị ka praịm minista, e kwuru na ọ lanarịrị ngụkọta nke mgbalị igbu ọchụ ugboro iri na itoolu (19).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/supplement/life-haunted-assassins-all-along-308341 |title=A life haunted by assassins all along |date=27 September 2021 |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |last=Karim |first=Rezaul |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220822030914/https://www.tbsnews.net/supplement/life-haunted-assassins-all-along-308341?amp |archive-date=22 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} oirle1qwwthdbac3tz94g3q382fnpxi Samuel Agba 0 75216 743521 723582 2026-11-05T22:37:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743521 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>{{cite web |title=Samuel Agba {{!}} Tipsbladet |url=http://www.tipsbladet.dk/players/view/30211 |website=Tipsbladet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017114608/http://www.tipsbladet.dk/players/view/30211 |archive-date=17 October 2008 |language=da |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="SuperStats">{{cite web |title=Samuel Agba, statistik fra superligaen, all-time – SuperStats |url=https://superstats.dk/spillere/spiller-alltime?id=1609 |website=SuperStats |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref> '''Samuel Agba''' (amụrụ na 12 June 1986) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti. == Ọrụ == Agba malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Denmark na Akademisk Boldklub, mgbe ọ sonyere na klọb Togolese Entente Lomé, ebe a maara ya n'okpuru aha '''Amindi Kalu''' . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Albrechtsen|first=Rikke|title=Jeg er Samuel Agba|url=https://jyllands-posten.dk/gamletillaeg/sporttillaeg/ECE5004741/Jeg-er-Samuel-Agba/|accessdate=16 November 2022|work=Jyllands-Posten|date=3 April 2006|language=da}}</ref> Ọ gbazinyere Ølstykke obere ego na 2007, tupu ya abịanye aka na Esbjerg fB na 2008. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Endnu en nigerianer til Esbjerg|url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/Endnu-en-nigerianer-til-Esbjerg|accessdate=16 November 2022|work=bold.dk|date=11 January 2008|language=da}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere BSV na Jenụwarị 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rasmussen|first=Thomas Lesly|title=BSV udraderede Greve|url=https://www.sn.dk/danmark/bsv-udraderede-greve/|accessdate=16 November 2022|work=sn.dk – Sjællandske Nyheder|date=17 May 2009|language=da-DK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116213144/https://www.sn.dk/danmark/bsv-udraderede-greve/|archive-date=16 November 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2012, ọ malitere igwu bọọlụ dị ala na Greve Fodbold.<ref name="helsingoer" /> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2012 ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na FC Helsingør . <ref name="helsingoer" /> Ọ gbara bọọlụ ọzọ maka BSV n'etiti afọ 2013 na 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|title=BSV: 15 point så hurtigt som muligt|url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/soelleroed-vedbaek/nyheder/BSV-15-point-saa-hurtigt-som-muligt|accessdate=16 November 2022|work=bold.dk|date=21 January 2014|language=da}}</ref> == Ụdị egwuregwu == A kọwara Agba dịka onye egwuregwu ụkwụ aka ekpe, dịka onye nwere nkà teknụzụ na ahụ ike, onye nwere oke ọrụ, onye nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa.<ref name="helsingoer">{{Cite news|author=Blond|first=Mikael|title=Helsingør skriver med nigerianer|url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/fc-helsingoer/nyheder/Helsingoer-skriver-med-nigerianer|accessdate=16 November 2022|work=bold.dk|date=17 July 2012|language=da|archive-date=16 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116211106/https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/fc-helsingoer/nyheder/Helsingoer-skriver-med-nigerianer|url-status=bot: unknown}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBlond2012">Blond, Mikael (17 July 2012). . ''bold.dk'' (in Danish). Archived from [https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/fc-helsingoer/nyheder/Helsingoer-skriver-med-nigerianer the original] on 16 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)]]</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 3z3d9dmwifp98dusu3btjdsk024op2c Semi Ajayi 0 75342 743528 676055 2026-11-05T23:40:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo "Semi" Ajayi''' {{Audio|Semi Ajayi.ogg|Listen}}<sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">[[:File:Semi Ajayi.ogg|ⓘ]]</sup> MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ azụ maka EFL Championship club Hull City . A mụrụ ya n'England, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa.<ref name="Eurosport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|title=Semi Ayaji|work=Eurosport|access-date=2023-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129101847/https://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|archive-date=2022-11-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Charlton Athletic === A mụrụ ya na nne na nna Naijiria, Ajayi malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya dị ka onye ntorobịa nke Charlton Athletic academy. Mgbe ọ gara n'ihu na Charlton Athletic, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Defender commits to Addicks|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/sport/9492550.Defender_commits_to_Addicks/|work=News Shopper|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2012, Ajayi sonyeere Dartford na mbinye ego nwa oge maka ụbọchị 28.[1] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na Dartford, na mmeri 4–0 meriri Kingstonian na FA Trophy wee nye goolu mbụ ya maka akụkụ ahụ, na 3–2 meriri Tamworth. Ajayi gbara egwuregwu atọ wee nye otu goolu tupu ọ lawa na klọb nne na nna ya na ngwụcha Disemba. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Charlton Athletic, Ajayi gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ ma nyere ha aka imeri na Professional Development League 2.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|title=Report: U21s seal national title|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190949/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> N'ụzọ, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'akụkụ ndị okenye maka egwuregwu megide Blackpool na 12 Jenụwarị 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full|title=Report: Charlton 2 Blackpool 1|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 January 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508184455/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full#anchored|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> === Ngwá Agha === N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ya emee nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Charlton, Ajayi dọtara anya ndị otu Premier League Arsenal. Ajayi sonyeere Arsenal Academy na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ mgbe ọ masịrị dị ka onye na-anwale na klọb ahụ na Septemba 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/semi-ajayi-joins-arsenal-academy.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal|date=23 September 2013|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> Ajayi mere Arsenal U21 mbụ ya dị ka onye na-agba mbọ megide Blackburn Rovers na 30 Ọgọst 2013, na-agba goolu n'isi, na mmeri 3-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|title=Under-21s: Blackburn 0–3 Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193119/http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi, onye bu ụzọ pụta maka ndị otu Arsenal na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Boreham Wood, mere oche Arsenal ugboro anọ n'oge oge 2014-15. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'egwuregwu megide Hull City, Stoke City na Newcastle na Premier League, yana mmeri Southampton meriri na League Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who is Semi Ajayi? 19 things you should know about Cardiff City loanee some Arsenal fans dubbed 'New Sol Campbell'|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/incoming/who-semi-ajayi-19-things-8919754|publisher=Wales Online|date=25 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> === Obodo Cardiff === N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu Championship Cardiff City na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2014-15 mana ọ pụtaghị maka otu mbụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/32060913.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Bluebirds on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2015}}</ref> Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ajayi sonyeere Cardiff na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Arsenal kwụsịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33196012|title=Semi Ajayi joins Cardiff City from Arsenal|work=BBC Sport|date=19 June 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 2014-15, e nyere Ajayi uwe iri abụọ na itoolu maka oge ọhụrụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|title=SQUAD NUMBERS 2015/16|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193934/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Ajayi pụtara ugboro abụọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe, ha abụọ bịara na mkpọsa League Cup megide AFC Wimbledon na MK Dons. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|title=CAPITAL ONE CUP RD1: CARDIFF CITY 1–0 WIMBLEDON|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193941/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|title=REPORT: MK DONS 2–1 CARDIFF CITY AET|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508194006/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> === Mgbazinye ego === N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu League Two AFC Wimbledon na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye otu ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34391082|title=Semi Ajayi: Cardiff defender joins AFC Wimbledon on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya maka Dons n'otu ụbọchị ahụ na 1-1 draw megide Northampton Town. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34321574|title=Wimbledon 1–1 Northampton|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ masịrị ya n'egwuregwu abụọ mbụ ya, ọ chọsiri ike ịgbatị oge ịgbazinye ego ya na AFC Wimbledon maka ohere ndị ọzọ nke otu mbụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AFC Wimbledon: Loanee Ajayi making the most of game time|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/13812493.AFC_Wimbledon__Loanee_Ajayi_making_the_most_of_game_time/|work=News Shopper|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ pụtara ugboro ise maka otu ahụ, Ajayi laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya na njedebe nke oge mgbazinye ego mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|title=Bayo Boost for Dons|publisher=AFC Wimbledon|date=29 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508195042/http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Na 26 Nọvemba 2015, Ajayi sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Crewe Alexandra na mbinye ego ruo 5 Jenụwarị 2016.[1] Mgbe mpụta mbụ ya megide Oldham Athletic ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Ajayi kpọrọ aha na Football League Team of the Week nke na-ekpuchi akụkụ atọ nke Football League. N'ịgbaso ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị egwu maka Crewe, agbatịkwuru oge mbinye ego ya na 27 nke ọnwa Febụwarị, oge ụbọchị 93 kacha anabatara n'okpuru iwu mgbazinye ego mberede. Na 13 nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, na-enwe ohere ịgbatịkwu mbinye ego ka akọwara dị ka obere, o setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka Brad Inman na eserese 1-1 megide Walsall.[5] Mgbe o mechara ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya megide Chesterfield na 20 February 2016, [6] ọ laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya. === Rotherham United === Na 30 Jenụwarị 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego ruo njedebe nke oge 2016–17 ya na ndị mgba asọmpi Rotherham United ibe ya. N'echi ya, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Rotherham United, na-amalite ma na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ dum, na mmeri 2-0 megide Nottingham Forest. Ọtụtụ izu ka e mesịrị, na 14 February 2017, ọ gbatara goolu Rotherham United mbụ ya, na mmeri 3–2 megide Huddersfield Town. Ajayi bụ onye mbụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ maka oge ndị ọzọ wee mee ngosi iri na asaa. Na 28 March 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, nke ga-agwụ na 1 July 2017. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ nke nwetara nkwalite na Championship mgbe o meriri Shrewsbury na njedebe egwuregwu na 27 May 2018. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ meriri EFL Championship Player of the Month maka Machị 2019. <ref name="Sporting Life">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062|title=Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced|publisher=Sporting Life|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> Na ngwụcha oge nke klọb maka oge 2018/19, Ajayi meriri Away Player Of The Season Award mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu 8 na egwuregwu 49 na asọmpi niile, yana Goal of the Season maka ogologo oge ya megide Leeds United na mmeri 2-1 na 26 Jenụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/may/awards--rusc-end-of-season-awards/|title=AWARDS {{!}} RUSC End of Season Awards|publisher=Goal|date=7 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/semi-ajayis-stunner-against-leeds-wins-rotherham-uniteds-goal-of-/10smr44mnp54i1r0ytrlzgeriv|title=Semi Ajayi's stunner against Leeds wins Rotherham United's Goal of the Season|publisher=Goal|date=4 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref> === West Bromwich Albion === Na 20 Julaị 2019, Ajayi bịanyere aka na West Bromwich Albion maka ego a na-akọwaghị, na-ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ajayi completes West Brom switch|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/july/read--ajayi-completes-west-brom-switch/|publisher=[[Rotherham United F.C.]]|accessdate=20 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wba.co.uk/news/2019/july/albion-add-ajayi-to-ranks/|title=Albion add Ajayi to ranks|publisher=West Bromwich Albion Official Site|date=20 July 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, Ajayi gbara goolu mbụ ya na Albion na Premier League na 1-1 draw megide ndị mmeri Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55382726|first=Neil|author=Johnston|title=Liverpool 1-1 West Brom: Semi Ajayi scores dramatic late equalizer|work=BBC Sport|date=27 December 2020|accessdate=27 December 2020}}</ref> === Obodo Hull === Na 19 June 2025, Ajayi bịanyere aka na Hull City n'efu. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb ahụ nwere nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/news/2025/june/19/ajayi-completes-hull-city-move/|title=Ajayi completes Hull City move|date=19 June 2025|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|accessdate=19 June 2025}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na 9 Ọgọstụ, egwuregwu mmeghe nke oge ahụ, na 0-0 na Coventry City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cz0y3v32g5gt#Report|title=Coventry City 0–0 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|author=Lanigan|first=Adam|date=9 August 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 29 Nọvemba na mmeri 2-1 megide Stoke City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cde67lpzwd1t|title=Stoke City 2–1 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|date=29 November 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Na ngwụcha Mee 2013, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ gaa na ndị otu Nigeria U20 maka egwuregwu Toulon Tournament ha nke afọ 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|title=Addicks pair impress internationally|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190155/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201305240372.html.aspx|title=Nigeria squad named|publisher=All Africa|date=23 May 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe na Matchday 1 megide Mexico U20, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530-harriott-ajayi-international-watch-845071.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508010101/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530%2Dharriott%2Dajayi%2Dinternational%2Dwatch%2D845071.aspx|title=International watch: Duo disappointed|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi mere Nigeria U20 mbụ ya na 4 June 2013, na 1-1 draw megide Belgium U21. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|title=Ajayis Nigeria earn point|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190211/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi gara n'ihu na-apụta ugboro abụọ ọzọ na asọmpi ahụ megide Portugal na Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|title=Tournament exit for Ajayi|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190823/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gwụchara, Ajayi kwuru na ọ dị mpako igwu egwu maka mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|title=Ajayi proud of international recognition|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=14 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190835/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi natara oku mbụ ya na ndị otu okenye n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 maka 2019 African Cup of Nations Qualifiers, ọ kọwara ya dị ka oku "ọchịchọ". O mere nke mbụ ya megide Seychelles na 2019 Nation Cup qualifiers, na-abịa maka [[Chidozie Awaziem]] merụrụ ahụ na nkeji nke 73. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/rotherham-united-defender-semi-ajayi-revels-in-dream-nigeria/2qk94hc97gj413pkisaujokac|title=Rotherham United defender Semi Ajayi revels in dream Nigeria call-up|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=24 August 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na Côte d'Ivoire. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=29 December 2023|title=AFCON 2023: Jose Peseiro releases 25-man squad [FULL LIST]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/29/afcon-2023-jose-peseiro-releases-25-man-squad-full-list/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị onye egwuregwu Naijiria nke gbara nkeji ọ bụla n'egwuregwu asaa nke Naijiria ka otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-apụta na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adewale|first=Abiodun|date=14 February 2024|title=SILENT OPERATOR! Ajayi Eagles most consistent player at AFCON 2023|url=https://punchng.com/silent-operator-ajayi-eagles-most-consistent-player-at-afcon-2023/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == [[w:updated|25 April 2026.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=68485 |title=Semi Ajayi |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=17 October 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko FA ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Charlton Athletic |2012–13 |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |Dartford (onye a gbazinyere) |2012–13<ref name=sasw>{{soccerway|semi-ajayi/268823|accessdate=23 September 2017}}</ref> |Nzukọ Mba |3 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 [nke dị ala ala 1] |0 |4 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Ngwá Agha |2013–14<ref name="sasw" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2014–15<ref name="sasw" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |Obodo Cardiff (nke a gbazitere) |2014–15<ref name="sasw" /> |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Obodo Cardiff |2015–16<ref name="sasw" /> |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |2016–17<ref name="sasw" /> |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |AFC Wimbledon (ụgwọ) |2015–16 |Njikọ nke Abụọ |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- |Crewe Alexandra (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) |2015–16<ref name=sb1516>{{Soccerbase season|68485|2015|name=Semi Ajayi|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref> |Njikọ nke Mbụ |13 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |Rotherham United (onye a gbazitere) |2016–17 |Mmeri |17 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |17 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Rotherham United |2017–18 |Njikọ nke Mbụ |35 |4 |1 |0 |2 |1 |4 |0 |42 |5 |- |2018–19 |Mmeri |46 |7 |1 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 |49 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !81 !11 !2 !0 !4 !2 !4 !0 !91 !13 |- | rowspan="7" |West Bromwich Albion |2019–20 |Mmeri |43 |5 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |45 |5 |- |2020–21 |Njikọ Premier |33 |2 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |3 |- |2021–22 |Mmeri |31 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |31 |1 |- |2022–23 |Mmeri |22 |2 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |25 |2 |- |2023–24 |Mmeri |26 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |27 |2 |- |2024–25 |Mmeri |15 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |15 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !170 !12 !5 !1 !1 !0 !1 !0 !177 !13 |- |Obodo Hull |2025–26 |Mmeri |22 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !311 !26 !7 !1 !5 !2 !6 !0 !329 !29 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  === Mba Nile === [[w:updated|match played 27 March 2026]]<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=71857|accessdate=26 January 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="9" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2018 |5 |0 |- |2019 |6 |0 |- |2020 |4 |0 |- |2021 |0 |0 |- |2022 |6 |0 |- |2023 |7 |1 |- |2024 |14 |0 |- |2025 |8 |1 |- |2026 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !55 !2 |} : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.'' {| class="wikitable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Semi Ajayi gbara !Mba. !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |18 Nọvemba 2023 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria | Lesotho | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |2. |23 Disemba 2025 |Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco | Tanzania | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025 |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Rotherham United''' * EFL League One play-offs: 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44186999|title=Rotherham United 2–1 Shrewsbury Town|first=Ged|author=Scott|work=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> '''Naịjirịa''' * Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> ebe nke atọ: 2025 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye mmeri nke ọnwa EFL: Machị 2019<ref name="Sporting Life" /> '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8g68tze09vs0l09m1n22o31fduv0orf Yanette Delétang-Tardif 0 75505 743599 632783 2026-11-06T11:48:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743599 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Yanette Delétang-Tardif''' (18 June 1902 - 4 November 1976) bụ onye France na-ede uri, <ref name="rdajpg">{{Cite book|author=de Ayala|first=Roselyne|date=1 November 1999|title=Illustrated letters: artists and writers correspond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVFcAAAAMAAJ|location=New York (New York), USA|publisher=Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (HNA)|isbn=978-0-8109-0653-2|accessdate=2015-10-14|quote=The figure of Orphens accompanied Cocteau throughout the course of his life and work. thus it was only natural that he should charge this mythological hero. his double. with conveying news to his friend. the poet Yanette Deletang-Tardif.}}</ref> Onye ntụgharị gaa na French nke ọrụ Spanish <ref name="ychrist">{{Cite journal|author=Christ|first=Yvan|date=February 1962|title=Enrique LAFUENTE FERRARI: Goya — l'Art roman en France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2IvAAAAMAAJ|language=fr|journal=La Table Ronde|issue=169|issn=0980-4501|accessdate=2016-02-10}}</ref> na German, <ref name="rsabatier">{{Cite book|author=Sabatier|first=Robert|date=10 February 1982|series=Histoire de la poésie française|title=La Poésie du Vingtième Siècle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOzGQ_IoeekC|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=Albin Michel|isbn=978-2-226-01395-8|accessdate=2016-02-10}}</ref> onye na-ese ihe na onye na-eme ihe osise.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sanmann|first=Angela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D27nBQAAQBAJ|date=17 September 2013|title=Poetische Interaktion: Französisch-deutsche Lyrikübersetzung bei Friedhelm Kemp, Paul Celan, Ludwig Harig, Volker Braun|series=Quellen und Forschungen zur Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte|language=de|location=Berlin, D|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3110312874|accessdate=2023-11-23}}</ref><ref name="thyssens">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thyssens.com/02biblio/00rech_bib/01fiches.php?id=451|title=Deletang-Tardif, Yanette. Tenter de vivre. Poèmes|year=2005|work=Robert Denoël, éditeur|accessdate=2015-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208174806/http://www.thyssens.com/02biblio/00rech_bib/01fiches.php?id=451|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye edemede na-arụpụta ihe nke ukwuu na onye a ma ama nke uri, agbanyeghị na ọ pụtara mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka onye na-ede uri. <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Douglas|year=1957|title=Contemporary art|series=Yale French studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUoUAAAAIAAJ|location=New Haven (Connecticut), USA|publisher=Yale University Press|oclc=5189961|accessdate=2015-10-17|quote=…and Yanette Deletang-Tardif, one of the better known and more prolific women-poets.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Covarrubias|first=Miguel|year=1997|title=Papelería en Trámite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQvmAAAAMAAJ|language=es|location=México, MX|publisher=Ediciones Castillo, S.A. de C.V.|isbn=978-968-7415-56-7|accessdate=2015-10-17|quote=Yanette Delétang-Tardif me intrigó desde su casi total ocultamiento, aunque figura como la única excepción femenina en el recuento de la ''Poesía francesa contemporánea'' de Manuel Álvarez Ortega.}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Yanette Delétang-Tardif Anne Marie Paule Delétang na 18 June 1902 na [[Roubaix]]. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Marie Troupeau na Maurice Delétang, onye na-emepụta ihe. N'afọ 1927, ọ lụrụ Raymond Tardif, onye ya na ya biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1963 ma nwee otu nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Jean-Loup n'afọ 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deces.matchid.io/id/xpsj0ny0L4UA|title=TARDIF Jean-Loup|date=2023|work=Moteur de recherche des personnes décédées (matchID)|language=fr|publisher=|accessdate=2023-11-23}}</ref> Mgbe ọ lụsịrị di, ọ were aha edemede ya: Yanette Delétang-Tardif. Mgbe ahụ, ọ nọwo na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma iji guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye edemede zuru oke site na mbipụta nke nchịkọta uri mbụ ya: Éclats na 1929, Générer, ọrụ uri banyere ahụmịhe nne ya, <ref name="claburco">{{Cite book|author=Burnham Cooper|first=Clarissa|year=1943|title=Women poets of the twentieth century in France: a critical bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChM_AAAAIAAJ|location=New York (New York), USA|publisher=King's Crown Press|oclc=3308699|accessdate=2015-10-17|quote=Her ''Confidences des îles'' (1934), besides revealing the influence of Valéry, shows that of Guy Lavaud […] She even attempts to interpret her experience of maternity in the detached, cerebral style invented by Valery […] in the book Generer…}}</ref> na 1930 na Vol d'oiseaux na 1931. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Benkov|first=Edith Joyce|editor=Wilson|date=28 February 1991|title=An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wf1SVbGFg8C|series=Garland reference library of the humanities|location=London, UK|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-8547-6|chapter=Yanette Deletang-Tardif|accessdate=2015-10-15}}</ref> Ọrụ ndị mbụ ahụ na-agba akaebe na ọ bụ Paul Valéry nwere ''Ịmepụta'' na-eme ihe nkiri. <ref name="claburco" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Stanton|first=Domna C.|year=1986|title=French Feminist Poems from the Middle Ages to the Present: A Bilingual Anthology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf9ofu5DD2kC|series=The Defiant Muse|location=New York (New York), USA|publisher=[[The Feminist Press|Feminist Press at CUNY]]|isbn=978-0-935312-52-2|accessdate=2015-10-14|quote=The first published works of Yanette Delétang-Tardif, Éclats (1929) and Générer (1930), from which the selection in this volume is taken, reveal the influence of Valéry's prosody, as does her ''Chants royaux''…}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ya Confidences des îles nke e dere na 1934, ọ nabatara ụdị na-ekpughe mmetụta na-agbakwunye nke Guy Lavaud. [ihe odide ala ala peeji] <ref name="claburco" /> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, o bipụtara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke a họpụtara dị ka onye a ma ama na-ede uri. <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Winckler|year=1995|title=Unter der "Coupole": Die Paris-Feuilletons Hermann Wendels 1933–1936|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qP1n1y3kHcUC|series=Studien und Texte zur Sozialgeschichte der Literatur|language=de|location=Berlin, D|publisher=Verlag Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-484-35047-2|accessdate=2015-10-17|quote=Ihre vier Gedichtbände, "Eclats", "Generer", "Vol des Oiseaux" und "Confidences des Iles", von denen die drei ersten bei Aristide Quillet, Paris, erschienen sind, sichern Yanette Deletang-Tardif einen hervorragenden Platz in den Reihen der modersten Frauendichtung, nein, der modersten Dichtung überhaupt.}}</ref> N'afọ 1935, akwụkwọ akụkọ L'Année poétique a na-ebipụta kwa ọnwa wepụtara mbipụta pụrụ iche nke a raara nye ya kpamkpam, nke Jean de Bosschère sere onyinyo ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=July 1935|title=Yanette Deletang-Tardif|language=fr|journal=L'Année poétique|issue=12|pages=1–16}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye na-achọ ịmata ihe banyere surrealism dị ka usoro ọdịbendị, ọ nweghị mmasị n'akụkụ echiche ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=de La Rochefoucauld|first=Edmée|year=1969|title=Femmes d'hier et d'aujourd'hui|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XON0Sp83uQkC|chapter=LES POÈTES : de Renée Vivien à Marie Noël|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=Éditions Bernard Grasset|isbn=978-2-246-80054-5|oclc=5878552|accessdate=2016-02-25|quote=Si Anna de Noailles relevait du naturisme, si Cécile Périn, moins connue, était unanimiste, si Yanette Delétang Tardif ou Céline Arnault sont surréalistes, aucune n'a fait de théorie, écrit de manifestes, proclamé de principes.}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-ede uri, ọ sonyeere École de Rochefort, nke ọ bụ naanị nwanyị nọ n'ime ya, ebe ọ bụ na onye na-ese uri Jean Bouhier mepụtara usoro uri a na 1941.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bu.univ-angers.fr/billet/2010/quand-les-poetes-de-rochefort-etaient-des-femmes|title=Quand les poètes de Rochefort étaient des femmes|author=Chabod|first=France|language=fr|date=18 March 2010|work=BUA|publisher=Service Commun de la Documentation de l'[[University of Angers|Université d'Angers]]|accessdate=2015-10-15|quote=Fondé en 1941 par Jean Bouhier et le peintre Pierre Penon, ce groupe rallia […] Yanette Delétang-Tardif […] et une soixantaine d'autres par la suite.|archivedate=30 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130225210/http://bu.univ-angers.fr/billet/2010/quand-les-poetes-de-rochefort-etaient-des-femmes}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ ghọrọ onye guzobere otu ndị na-ede uri ahụ nwere nkà, ọ nọgidere na-enwere onwe ya ma na-agbachitere echiche onwe onye nke uri, dị ka nnabata dị mma nke uri Stéphane Mallarmé, nke dị nnọọ iche na echiche uri nke otu Rochefort. N'afọ 1942, o ritere Ihe nrite Mallarmé iji kwanyere ọrụ ya ùgwù ma wepụta akwụkwọ ya Tenter de vivre.<ref name="thyssens"/><ref>{{Cite book|editor=Bufkin|year=1980|title=Foreign Literary Prizes, Romance and Germanic Languages|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignliteraryp00bufk|location=New York (New York), USA|publisher=[[R.R. Bowker|R. R. Bowker Company]]|isbn=978-0-8352-1243-4|oclc=5751182|accessdate=2015-10-14}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, ọ zutere Jean Cocteau onye ọ matara nke ọma.<ref name="rdajpg"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Cocteau|first=Jean|editor=Chanel|date=26 September 1989|title=Le Passé défini: Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P63vAAAAMAAJ|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=[[Gallimard]]|isbn=978-2-0707-1575-6|accessdate=2015-10-14|quote=Et revenant l'autre jour rue de Montpensier, avec madame Delétang-Tardif, je retrouvais là l'histoire de mes souffrances…}}</ref> Na arịrịọ ya pụrụ iche mgbe ahụ, Jean Cocteau sere onyinyo ya, otu ugboro e bipụtaghachiri ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ agha ya ma mee ya nke ugboro abụọ na 1943. <ref>{{Cite book|date=13 December 2011|title=Ancienne collection Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean Cocteau, collection d'un amateur, autographes, dessins, peintres, beaux livres du XXe siècle.|url=http://www.bibliorare.com/pdf/cat-vent_drouot13-12-2011.pdf|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=Brissonneau|pages=20–22|accessdate=2012-10-14|oclc=707633015|quote=Ce beau portrait, daté de 1943, est très proche de celui de 1942, reproduit dans le Journal de guerre de Cocteau (p. 42).}}</ref> Dị ka onye omenkà nwere mmasị na ya, o mepụtara mmasị na circus nke o dere isiokwu banyere ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.circopedia.org/Rose_Gold|title=Rose Gold|author=Jando|first=Dominique|year=2008|work=Circopedia|publisher=Big Apple Circus|accessdate=2016-02-13|quote=In September 1945, in Minerve, Yanette Delétang-Tardif had commented thus Rose's debut with her solo trapeze act at Cirque Medrano: "What is so moving about the debut of this trapezist is that, right away, she has reached perfection."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thétard|first=Henry|date=15 December 1952|title=Le Cirque: Son public - Ses spectacles - Ses acteurs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2rhAAAAMAAJ|language=fr|journal=[[Revue des deux Mondes]]|issue=24|issn=0035-1962|accessdate=2016-02-13}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị surrealists kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta na ngwụcha afọ 1942-1943 n'oge oyi ebe ha kwara ọrụ uri ya ọchị site na mmasị ya maka nka circus ma chọọ ịkatọ ndị ha weere dị ka ndị na-ese ihe. [ihe odide ala peeji [[[note 6]<span class="cite-bracket">]</span><span class="cite-bracket">]</span>] Ya mere, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị edemede, ha kwusiri ike na otu onyinye Yanette Delétang-Tardif nyere na ''La Nouvelle Revue Française'' banyere oge mgbe magazin a na-ebipụta kwa nkeji na njikọ aka. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Mansour Desvaux|first=Marie-Francine|date=5 April 2014|title=Le surréalisme à travers Joyce Mansour: peinture et poésie, le miroir du désir|url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01124337/file/2014PA010520.pdf|others=NNT: 2014PA010520 - Id: tel-01124337|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I|accessdate=2016-02-21|quote=[…] le groupe lance un tract intitulé « Vos Gueules » adressé aux poètes collaborationnistes […]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hoctan|first=Caroline|date=5 October 2006|title=Panorama des revues à la libération: août 1944–octobre 1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqoWAQAAIAAJ|language=fr|location=Saint-Germain la Blanche-Herbe, F|publisher=IMEC : Institut Mémoires de l'édition contemporaine|isbn=978-2-908295-81-8|accessdate=2016-02-21|quote=Nous pouvons ainsi trouver entre décembre 1940 et juin 1943 les contributions de Paul Eluard, Alain, Henri Thomas, Claude Roy, Eugène Guillevic, Joë Bousquet, Louis Guilloux, Charles Autrand, Yanette Delétang-Tardif, André Gide, etc.}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị omume nkwutọ siri ike nke ndị surrealists ahụ, Comité National des Ecrivains [ihe odide 6] machibidoghị ya dị ka onye edemede a na-achọghị mgbe Nnwere Onwe gasịrị, ya mere, ọ dịghị mgbe a kpụpụrụ ya maka imekọ ihe ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Assouline|first=Pierre|year=1996|title=L'Épuration des intellectuels|others=Annexe 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=2870276672|pages=161–162|language=fr|location=Brussel, B|publisher=Editions Complexe|isbn=978-2-87027-667-9|series=Historiques|accessdate=2016-02-24}}</ref> Ọ nọgidere na-edegara Max Jacob akwụkwọ ozi, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc100463b/cN11050|title=Fonds Max Jacob-Collection Gompel-Netter Correspondance. Lettres de Max Jacob à Yanette Delétang-Tardif|year=2010|work=BnF - Archives et manuscrits|publisher=Bibliothèque nationale de France|language=fr|accessdate=2016-03-08}}</ref> onye bụ onye a ma ama n'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya kachasị nke Rochefort poetic movement. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.max-jacob.com/ecole-de-rochefort.html|title=Max Jacob et l'école de Rochefort: poétique et pédagogie|author=Van Rogger Andréucci|first=Christine|year=2007|work=AMJ – Association des Amis de Max Jacob|publisher=Association des Amis de Max Jacob|accessdate=2016-03-02|quote=Max Jacob, revenu de Paris pour s'installer définitivement à Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire en juin 1936, devient une figure centrale dans les liens qui uniront les fondateurs de l'école de Rochefort.}}</ref> Mgbe ahụ, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1944, ọ bụ onye mbụ dere akụkọ kachasị ukwuu site na nkwupụta ndị akaebe banyere ọnwụ nke onye Juu na-ede uri, ma gosipụta na ọ bụ onye edemede nyocha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sustrac|first=Patricia|year=2009|title=La mort de Max Jacob: réalité et représentations|url=http://www.cahiersmaxjacob.org/cmj9/9ps1.html|language=fr|journal=Les Cahiers Max Jacob|volume=9|pages=103–127|issue=9|doi=10.3406/maxja.2009.962|issn=0526-8400|accessdate=2016-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=July–October 1944|title=La mort d'un poète|language=fr|journal=Poésie|issue=20|pages=14–16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oxenhandler|first=Neal|year=1964|title=Unpublished Letters from Max Jacob to Jean Fraysse – Contributions of Max Jacob to Les Feux de Paris|journal=University of California Publications in Modern Philology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Fo8AAAAIAAJ|volume=35|issue=4|pages=221–307|accessdate=2016-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Oxenhandler|first=Neal|date=1 May 1997|title=Looking for heroes in postwar France: Albert Camus, Max Jacob, Simone Weil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3FcAAAAMAAJ|location=Lebanon (New Hampshire), USA|publisher=University Press of New England|isbn=978-0-87451-828-3|accessdate=2016-03-01|quote=In the same affectless style a journal entry for November 28, 1944, records the poet's death as reported by Mme Yanette Deletang-Tardif, who interviewed the attending physician at Drancy.}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, sonnets Gérard de Nerval The ''Chimera'' na ndị na-ede uri German nke oge ịhụnanya so n'akwụkwọ ndị ọ hụrụ n'anya, nke keere òkè na mmepe nke ọrụ ya. O nwere mmasị karịsịa na [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], onye o nyere nsụgharị French a ma ama nke uri - ya na Maurice Betz - <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schneider|first=Marcel|date=July 1950|title=Les Lettres Allemandes: Thomas Mann et Hermann Hesse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eOY2AQAAIAAJ|language=fr|journal=La Table Ronde|issue=31|issn=0980-4501|accessdate=2016-02-10}}</ref> na 1946. N'afọ 1949, ya na Paul Arnold rụkọtara ọrụ na nsụgharị French nke Friedrich Nietzsche zuru ezu. <ref name="rsabatier"/> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe e bipụtara ya n'oge ndụ ya, o mepụtara nsụgharị dị mma nke ''Nachtwachen von Bonaventura'', na-egosipụta mmasị ya na ịhụnanya site na akwụkwọ edemede German.<ref name="mbrion">{{Cite book|author=Brion|first=Marcel|year=2000|title=Suite fantastique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxvxAAAAMAAJ|series=Cahiers Marcel Brion|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=Klincksieck|isbn=978-2-252-03272-5|accessdate=2016-02-11|quote=[…] l'énigmatique Bonaventura dont les Veillées - ce chef-d'oeuvre du Romantisme ! - n'ont pas encore trouvé d'éditeur en France pour l'excellente traduction qu'en a faite Yanette Delétang-Tardif […]}}</ref> Ihe odide Delétang-Tardif abụghị naanị uri ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị a sụgharịrị, na-agbaso mmasị ya, o dere akwụkwọ akụkọ ma mezue <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Achard|first=Marcel|year=1960|title=Le métier d'auteur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsHPAAAAMAAJ|language=fr|journal=Les Annales, Conferencia|issue=111|issn=1766-3601|accessdate=2016-02-25}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezigbo enyi nke onye France na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye nkatọ Edmond Jaloux, onye o bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya na 1947. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu ndị ọka ikpe maka Ihe nrite Guillaume Apollinaire n'otu afọ ahụ. Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Société des gens de lettres na 1948. <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 May 1951|title=Un poéme de... Yanette Delétang-Tardif|page=7|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5431816w/f7|work=Le Populaire du Centre|language=fr|accessdate=2023-11-23}}</ref> Afọ 1950 gosipụtara ọrụ edemede ya mgbe e nyere ya Ihe nrite Renée Vivien maka nchịkọta uri ya Sept chants royaux.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1962|title=Combat with the Amazon of letters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bwpAQAAIAAJ|journal=ADAM International Review|volume=29|issue=299|pages=5–24|accessdate=2015-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Álvarez Ortega|first=Manuel|year=1967|title=Poesía francesa contemporánea, 1915-1965: antología bilingüe|series=Sillar. Estudios Literarios. Segunda serie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQMnAAAAMAAJ|language=es|location=Madrid, ES|publisher=Taurus|oclc=332806|accessdate=2016-03-05|quote=También ha recibido el Premio Mallarmé en 1942, el Premio Renée Vivien en 1950 […]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Causse|first=Michèle|year=1980|title=Berthe, ou, un démi-siècle auprés de l'Amazone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyQaAAAAMAAJ|language=fr|location=Paris, F|publisher=Éditions Tierce|oclc=8588563|isbn=978-2-903144-11-1|accessdate=2016-02-26|quote=La poètesse Yanette Delétang-Tardif, enchanteresse, qui reçut le prix Renée Vivien, aimait venir chez miss Barney quand il n'y avait personne.}}</ref> Malite n'oge ọ malitere ọrụ ya, aha ya bụ aha ezinụlọ di ya, nke o tinyere na aha nna ya. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, obi gbawara ya. Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị, ọ kwụsịrị ide ihe na Paris wee hapụ ọrụ ya dịka onye otu ndị ọkaikpe maka ihe nrite Guillaume Apollinaire. <ref name="rsabatier"/> Ọ nwụrụ n'amaghị ama na 1976 na Paris. == Ọrụ == * Akara (Aristide Quillet, 1929) * ''Ịmepụta'' (Aristide Quillet, 1930) * ''Nnụnụ na-efe efe'' (Aristide Quillet, 1931) * ''Ihe nzuzo nke agwaetiti'' (Correa, 1934) * Briser n'est rien (Sagesse, 1934) * ''Ugwu'' (Debresse, 1935) * ''Ọnwụ na nrọ'' (Sagesse, 1938) * ''Mmetụta nke rose'' (Cahiers de Rochefort, 1941) * Abụ ndị na-emepụta windo (Ndị na-ede uri, 1941) * Ịgbalị ibi ndụ (Denoël, 1943) * Edellina, ma ọ bụ Les Pouvoirs de la musique (Ndị enyi Rochefort, 1943) * ''Abụ asaa nke eze'' (Rond-Point, 1945) * ''Ndị e jichiri'' (La Table Ronde, 1945) * ''Edmond Jaloux'' (La Table Ronde, 1947) * La nuit des temps (P. Seghers, 1951) * ''Abụ ndị eze'' (P. Seghers, 1956) * ''Ihe nnọchianya'' (Subervie, 1957) * ''Almanach'' (C.E.L.F. Malines, 1958) * Ihe Ndị Na-efu efu (Subervie, 1963) == Ihe edeturu na edensibịa == === Ihe edeturu === {{Reflist|30em}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} === Edensibịa === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}}{{Authority control}} f2qiy8qw37ll8pyddki6pcbfepacsub Sophie Huet 0 75854 743543 723756 2026-11-06T02:05:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743543 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Sophie Huet''' (20 Jenụwarị 1953 – 29 Julaị 2017) bụ onye nta akụkọ France. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka Le Figaro, ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ jere ozi dịka onyeisi oche nke Association of Parliamentary Journalists. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Sophie Huet na 20 Jenụwarị 1953 na [[Paris]].<ref name="europe1obit">{{Cite news|title=Sophie Huet, présidente de l'Association des journalistes parlementaires, est morte à 64 ans|url=http://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/sophie-huet-presidente-de-lassociation-des-journalistes-parlementaires-est-decedee-a-64-ans-3400595|accessdate=31 July 2017|publisher=[[Europe 1]]|date=31 July 2017|archive-date=4 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804162147/http://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/sophie-huet-presidente-de-lassociation-des-journalistes-parlementaires-est-decedee-a-64-ans-3400595|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="france24obit">{{Cite news|title=Décès de Sophie Huet, présidente de l'Association des journalistes parlementaires|url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20170730-deces-sophie-huet-presidente-lassociation-journalistes-parlementaires|accessdate=31 July 2017|publisher=France 24|date=30 July 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Huet malitere ọrụ ya dịka onye nta akụkọ maka ''L'Aurore'' na 1976.<ref name="europe1obit" />{{Cite news|title=Sophie Huet, présidente de l'Association des journalistes parlementaires, est morte à 64 ans|url=http://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/sophie-huet-presidente-de-lassociation-des-journalistes-parlementaires-est-decedee-a-64-ans-3400595|accessdate=31 July 2017|publisher=[[Europe 1]]|date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804162147/http://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/sophie-huet-presidente-de-lassociation-des-journalistes-parlementaires-est-decedee-a-64-ans-3400595|archive-date=4 August 2017|url-status=dead}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki><ref name="france24obit" />{{Cite news|title=Décès de Sophie Huet, présidente de l'Association des journalistes parlementaires|url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20170730-deces-sophie-huet-presidente-lassociation-journalistes-parlementaires|accessdate=31 July 2017|publisher=France 24|date=30 July 2017}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> Ọ kọrọ akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1977 na Palịament nke France na 1978.<ref name="europe1obit" /><ref name="france24obit" /> Ọ sonyeere ''Le Figaro'' na 1980.<ref name="europe1obit" /><ref name="france24obit" /> Huet rụrụ ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke [[Association of Parliamentary Journalists]] site na 2006 ruo 2017.<ref name="europe1obit" />{{Cite news|title=Sophie Huet, présidente de l'Association des journalistes parlementaires, est morte à 64 ans|url=http://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/sophie-huet-presidente-de-lassociation-des-journalistes-parlementaires-est-decedee-a-64-ans-3400595|accessdate=31 July 2017|publisher=[[Europe 1]]|date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804162147/http://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/sophie-huet-presidente-de-lassociation-des-journalistes-parlementaires-est-decedee-a-64-ans-3400595|archive-date=4 August 2017|url-status=dead}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki><ref name="france24obit" />{{Cite news|title=Décès de Sophie Huet, présidente de l'Association des journalistes parlementaires|url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20170730-deces-sophie-huet-presidente-lassociation-journalistes-parlementaires|accessdate=31 July 2017|publisher=France 24|date=30 July 2017}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ jere ozi n'ọkwa a.<ref name="europe1obit" /><ref name="france24obit" /> Huet bụ onye dere akwụkwọ atọ, otu n'ime ha ka ya na Philippe Langenieux-Villard dere. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke Legion of Honor na 2010.<ref name="legifrancedecret">{{Cite web|title=Décret du 13 juillet 2010 portant promotion et nomination|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022496905|work=Legifrance|publisher=Republic of France|accessdate=1 August 2017}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ == Huet lụrụ ugboro abụọ. O bu ụzọ lụọ François Montrognon de Salvert, Lucien Neuwirth sochiri ya.<ref name="france24obit" /> Huet nwụrụ na 29 Julaị 2017 mgbe ọ dị afọ 64.<ref name="europe1obit" /> == Ọrụ == * {{Cite book|author=Huet|first=Sophie|title=Tout ce que vous direz pourra être retenu contre vous : ou les petites phrases du septennat|date=1981|publisher=J. Picollec|location=Paris|isbn=9782864770206|oclc=8628135}} * {{Cite book|author=Huet|first=Sophie|title=La Communication politique|date=1982|publisher=Presses universitaires de France|location=Paris|isbn=9782130378730|oclc=251608514}} * {{Cite book|author=Huet|first=Sophie|title=Quand ils faisaient la guerre|date=1993|publisher=Plon|location=Paris|isbn=9782259026130|oclc=243770657}} == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] nsjl80ox3jc4wmu8an8qlebhb6wkwcr Supriatna 0 76720 743553 689655 2026-11-06T03:16:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743553 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder | name = Supriatna | native_name = <!--The person's name in their own language, if different.--> | native_name_lang = <!--ISO 639-1 code, e.g., "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} in |native_name= instead.--> | image = Supriatna at the University of Indonesia Graduation Ceremony, 13 September 2025 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = | order = | office = Director of the Graduate School of Sustainable Development | term_start = 22 October 2025 | predecessor = ''office established'' | office1 = Director of the University of Indonesia School of Strategic and Global Studies | termstart1 = 3 March 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Athor Subroto]] | successor1 = ''office abolished'' | office2 = Director of the University of Indonesia School Of Environmental Science | termstart2 = 26 February 2025 | predecessor2 = [[Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo]] | successor2 = ''office abolished'' | pronunciation = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|3|14|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Sukabumi]], [[West Java]], [[Indonesia]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | death_place = | citizenship = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --> | party = | otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations--> | partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--> | relations = | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | education = [[University of Indonesia]] (Drs., Dr., [[Professor|Prof.]])<br>[[Bandung Institute of Technology]] (MT) | termend1 = 22 October 2025 | termend2 = 22 October 2025 }} '''Supriatna''' (amụrụ na 14 Maachị n'afo 1967) bụ prọfesọ Indonesia nke geography na onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Indonesia. Ọ bụ ugbu a Onyeisi nke Mahadum Indonesia School of Environmental Science kemgbe 26 Febụwarị 2025, ọ bụkwa onye isi nchịkwa nke Mahadum Indonesia School of Strategic and Global Studies kemgbe 3 Maachị afo 2025. == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == Supriatna was born in Sukabumi on 14 March 1967<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Drs. Supriatna, M.T.|url=https://staff.ui.ac.id/ysupri|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425221738/https://staff.ui.ac.id/ysupri|archivedate=25 April 2015|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=University of Indonesia}}</ref> as the son of Zaenal Emuch and Yohana Lobo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://dgb.ui.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/123/2025/01/buku-pidato-prof.-supriatna.pdf|title=Pemodelan Spasial untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan|date=15 January 2025|publisher=University of Indonesia|pages=22–24}}</ref> Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na 1st Cikole State Primary School na Sukabumi na 1981, sochiri ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 2nd Sukabumi Junior High School na 1983 na 1st Sukabumi State High School na 1986. Ọ gara n'ihu agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu na Mahadum Indonesia, wee gụchaa na Bachelor of Science degree na Geography na 1986. ọmụmụ na Bandung Institute of Technology, na-enweta nzere Master of Engineering na Geodesy site na ngalaba nke sayensị ụwa na teknụzụ (FTSP) na 1998.<ref name=":0" /> Na 2016, o nwetara nzere doctorate na Environmental Science site na Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science (PSIL) na Mahadum Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Selamat Dr. Supriatna|url=https://aset.sci.ui.ac.id/geografi/selamat-dr-supriatna/amp/|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=FMIPA UI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415020438/https://aset.sci.ui.ac.id/geografi/selamat-dr-supriatna/amp/|archive-date=15 April 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> O nwekwara asambodo ọkachamara na Geographer site n'aka Indonesian Geographers Association (IGI) na 2024.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=15 January 2025|title=Prof. Supriatna Ditetapkan sebagai Guru Besar Geografi FMIPA UI Bidang Pemodelan Spasial Penggunaan Lahan|url=https://insiderindonesia.com/detail/58841/prof-supriatna-ditetapkan-sebagai-guru-besar-geografi-fmipa-ui-bidang-pemodelan-spasial-penggunaan-lahan|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=Insider Indonesia}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Supriatna malitere ọrụ ya dịka onye nkuzi na Ngalaba Geography nke Mahadum Indonesia, na-akụzi eserese dijitalụ na sistemụ ozi ala.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ malitere ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya dị ka onye nhazi ihe gbasara ụmụ akwụkwọ na ngalaba ahụ na 1998 tupu e bulie ya n'ọkwa odeakwụkwọ ngalaba ahụ otu afọ ka e mesịrị.<ref name=":1" /> Na 8 Eprel 2004, a họpụtara Supriatna dị ka osote dian maka ihe ndị na-abụghị agụmakwụkwọ nke Faculty of Math and Natural Sciences n'okpuru dian Adi Basukriadi,<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=8 April 2004|title=Pelantikan Wakil Dekan di Lingkungan UI|url=http://www.ui.ac.id/indonesia/main.php?hlm=berita&id=2004-05-09%2018:18:20|accessdate=19 April 2025|work=Universitas Indonesia}}</ref> na-arụ ọrụ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIMPINAN FMIPA UI|url=http://www.sci.ui.ac.id/?page_id=66|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208175129/http://www.sci.ui.ac.id/?page_id=66|archivedate=8 February 2009|work=FMIPA UI}}</ref> Na 31 Julaị 2012, a họpụtara Supriatna dị ka dian na-arụ ọrụ nke faculty site n'aka rector Gumilar Rusliwa Soemantri, na-ekwu na oge Adi agwụla bụ ihe kpatara ya. Na nzaghachi maka ịchụpụ ya, Adi na ọtụtụ dian ndị ọzọ a chụpụrụ tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa nye Minista agụmakwụkwọ Mohammad Nuh, na-akọwa ngagharị iwe ha megide Gumilar.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 August 2012|title=9 Dekan UI Kirim Surat ke Mendikbud Berisi Mosi Tak Percaya ke Rektor|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-1980399/9-dekan-ui-kirim-surat-ke-mendikbud-berisi-mosi-tak-percaya-ke-rektor|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=Detik}}</ref> E weghachiri Adi na ndị isi ndị a n'ọkwa ya mgbe nzukọ dị n'etiti ndị isi nlekọta nke mahadum na minista agụmakwụkwọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ ahụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Puspitarini|first=Margaret|date=3 August 2012|title=Mendikbud: 9 Dekan UI Tetap Menjabat|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2012/08/03/373/672976/mendikbud-dekan-ui-tetap-menjabat|accessdate=2024-12-30|work=Okezone News}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dịka osote onyeisi ruo afọ iri, a họpụtara Supriatna ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọmụmụ Ihe Sayensị na ngalaba ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ site na 2014 ruo 2016. Ọ laghachiri n'ọkwa nhazi na ngalaba geography wee bụrụ onye nhazi nke sistemụ ozi geography na ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mmetụta anya (Ketua KBP SIG dan PJ, ''Ketua Kelompok Bidang Pembelajaran Sistemụ Informasi Geografis na Penginderaan Jauh'') site na 2016 ruo 2017. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ nwa oge dịka onyeisi nke ọmụmụ master nke geography na 2017, Supriatna ghọrọ onyeisi nke ebe a na-etinye ihe gbasara geography na ngalaba ahụ n'otu afọ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ ruo 2019. N'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi nke ngalaba geography. A họpụtara ya ọzọ dị ka onyeisi etiti na 2019 ma bụrụkwa onyeisi ngalaba na 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Arifianto|first=Bambang|date=23 January 2025|title=Geografi Ibu dari Segala Ilmu: UI Kukuhkan Guru Besar Bidang Pemodelan Spasial|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/pendidikan/pr-018996502/geografi-ibu-dari-segala-ilmu-ui-kukuhkan-guru-besar-bidang-pemodelan-spasial?page=all|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=Pikiran Rakyat}}</ref> Site na 2022 ruo 2024, Supriatna sokwa na otu mgbanwe Nusantara, na-eje ozi dị ka onye nhazi maka nhazi maapụ na nhazi oghere.<ref name=":1" /> A kwalitere Supriatna n'ọkwa prọfesọ zuru oke na 1 Septemba 2024. Okwu mmalite ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2025, nke akpọrọ ''Spatial Modelling for Sustainable Development'', tụlere ojiji nke teknụzụ dị iche iche nke ala iji nyochaa mgbanwe mkpuchi ala, mgbanwe obodo, na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, yana njikọta nke ọdịdị ala na ngalaba dị iche iche.<ref name=":2" /> A họpụtara Supriatna dị ka Onyeisi nke Mahadum Indonesia School of Environmental Science (SIL, ''Sekolah Ilmu Lingkungan'') na 22 Jenụwarị 2025 mgbe ọ gafere usoro nhọrọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Swasty|first=Renatha|date=22 January 2025|title=UI Tetapkan 5 Dekan dan Direktur Baru, Ini Nama-Namanya|url=https://www.medcom.id/pendidikan/news-pendidikan/0k8Br2LN-ui-tetapkan-5-dekan-dan-direktur-baru-ini-nama-namanya|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=Medcom}}</ref> E tinyere ya n'ọkwa ahụ na 26 Febụwarị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=antaranews.com|date=2025-02-26|title=Rektor UI lantik empat pejabat baru|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4676221/rektor-ui-lantik-empat-pejabat-baru|accessdate=2025-04-03|work=Antara News|language=id}}</ref> Na 3 Maachị 2025, a họpụtara Supriatna dị ka onye nduzi na-eme ihe nkiri nke Mahadum Indonesia School of Strategic and Global Studies (SKSG, ''Sekolah Kajian Stratejik dan Global'' ),<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Prodjo|first=Wahyu Adityo|date=18 March 2025|title=UI Tunjuk Dua Profesor untuk Pimpin Perbaikan Kualitas SKSG UI|url=https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2025/03/18/170000571/ui-tunjuk-dua-profesor-untuk-pimpin-perbaikan-kualitas-sksg-ui|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=Kompas}}</ref> mgbe ewepụchara onye nduzi mbụ, Athor Subroto, n'ihe gbasara itinye aka ya na nkwalite doctorate nke Minista Ike na Akụrụngwa Mineral Bahlil Lahadalia.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Yusrial|first=M. Rizki|date=7 March 2025|title=Rektor UI Beri Sanksi Tunda Kenaikan Pangkat Promotor dan Ko-promotor Disertasi Bahlil Lahadalia|url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/rektor-ui-beri-sanksi-tunda-kenaikan-pangkat-promotor-dan-ko-promotor-disertasi-bahlil-lahadalia--1216392|accessdate=3 April 2025|work=Tempo}}</ref> E nyere Supriatna ọrụ ịhazigharị ma melite nhazi ime nke SKSG, imeziwanye akụkụ ndị metụtara akụrụngwa mmadụ, imelite ma mee ka usoro mmụta dị mma, na ịhụ na a ga-aza ajụjụ na nghọta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref name=":3" /> N'ihi nhazigharị ahụ, e jikọtara SKSG na SIL iji guzobe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Graduate nke Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide (Sekolah Pascasarjana Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, SPPB) na 22 Ọktoba 2025, e nyekwara Supriatna onyeisi ya n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Napitupulu|first=Ester Lince|date=22 October 2025|title=Universitas Indonesia Butuh Dukungan Ekosistem Perguruan Tinggi Berkelas Dunia|url=https://www.kompas.id/artikel/ui-butuh-dukungan-ekosistem-perguruan-tinggi-berkelas-dunia|accessdate=23 October 2025|work=Kompas|language=id}}</ref> == Ndị otu ndị otu == E wezụga ịkụzi ihe na Mahadum Indonesia, Supriatna kụzikwara ihe na Mahadum Mmepe Mba "Veteran" Jakarta. Ọ bụkwa onye otu ọtụtụ òtù agụmakwụkwọ, dịka Indonesian Geographers Association, Indonesian Lecturers Association, Indonesian Geospatial Council, Indonesian Environmental Experts Association, Indonesian Disaster Experts Association, na MIPAnet.<ref name=":1" /> == Ndụ nkeonwe == Supriatna lụrụ Vreshty Winda Aryanti ma nwee otu nwa nwoke na otu nwa nwanyị. Di na nwunye ahụ bi ugbu a na Cimanggis, Depok.<ref name=":1" /> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] p3oyyn7zkrjutj0qsbcwzqg2xl4hi7h Osimiri Nepoko 0 77630 743459 674779 2026-11-05T13:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 743459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Osimiri dị na Democratic Republic of Congo}} '''Osimiri Nepoko''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Nepoko'') bụ osimiri dị na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Ọ na-esonye na [[Osimiri Ituri]] n'obodo [[Bomili]] iji mepụta [[Osimiri Aruwimi]]. Osimiri ahụ kewara ìgwè dị iche iche nke [[ndị Budu]] nke [[Obodo Wamba]], ndị na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ [[Ibambi]] nke osimiri ahụ na n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Wamba, Haut-Uele District|Wamba]], ọ bụ ezie na ha na-ewere onwe ha dị ka otu ndị.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=buu |title=Budu: A language of Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Ethnologue |accessdate=2011-10-25}}</ref> Osimiri ahụ kewara [[Dayọsis Katọlik nke Wamba]] ụzọ abụọ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afriquespoir.com/pygmeeswamba/eng/index_fichiers/coverage.htm |title=Area of coverage |work=PYGMEES WAMBA |accessdate=2011-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425091739/http://www.afriquespoir.com/pygmeeswamba/eng/index_fichiers/coverage.htm |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ọ na-agafe [[Okapi Wildlife Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guideforafrica.com/congo-drc/okapi-wildlife-reserve.html |title=Okapi Wildlife Reserve |publisher=Guide for Africa |accessdate=2011-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506004317/http://www.guideforafrica.com/congo-drc/okapi-wildlife-reserve.html |archive-date=2019-05-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Osimiri ndị dị n'akụkụ ndịda ya gụnyere osimiri Uala, Afande, Mambo na Ngaue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6q2nb3zj&chunk.id=d0e804&toc.id=&brand=eschol |title=Houses in the Rain Forest |author=Roy Richard Grinker |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS |year=1994 |accessdate=2011-10-25}}</ref> Onye nchọpụta ahụ [[Wilhelm Junker]] rutere n'osimiri ahụ na 6 Mee 1882. O kwuru na ọ dị ihe dị ka otu narị yaadị n'obosara na mmiri dị ala. Akụkụ nkume ahụ dị n'akụkụ ya, nke karịrị mita iri atọ n'ịdị elu, guzo n'azụ wee mepụta ókèala dị larịị nke obosara ya ruru mita iri ise ruo iri isii, nke mmiri jupụtara na ya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7I5UXjC0Zs4C&pg=PA141 |page=141 |title=The scramble for art in Central Africa |author=Enid Schildkrout, Curtis A. Keim |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-521-58678-X}}</ref> N'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe osimiri ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka mmiri dị elu ma ọ bụ nke dị ala. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị e ji osisi rụọ nke e ji ihe e ji osisi kpuchie, e jikwa eriri dọkpụrụ ha gafee osimiri ahụ.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TWftBeiEFEC&pg=PA123 |page=123 |title=In the shade of an acacia tree: memoirs of a health officer in Africa, 1945-1959 |author=Frank L. Lambrecht |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1991 |isbn=0-87169-194-9}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] 6mzy3rff4npn1vrvn8ylj4abdn9hsy5 Vomiting 0 78175 743583 720333 2026-11-06T09:52:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743583 wikitext text/x-wiki Nkọwa |Ịchụpụ ihe dị n'ime afọ site n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ imi}} Ịchọpụta | Ịgbanwe (nri) Ntughari-ọtụtụ|5|Ịgbọ | Emesis|Ịgbọ | Ịtụ | Ịtụ | Ojiji ndị ọzọ|Ịgbọ (nkọwa)|ụdị urukurubụba|Emesis (ụdị)|ihe nkiri Argentina nke 2021|PussyCake|usoro ụgbọ mmiri|Ịkpọ | na|Careening|ime obodo Albania|Pukë|ụdị graffiti|Ịtụ elu (graffiti)|ojiji ndị ọzọ|Puke (nkọwa) pp|small=ee Nchekwa|small=ee Ọnọdụ ahụike n'ime igbe ozi (ọhụrụ) | aha = Ịgbọ agbọ | okwu ndị yiri ya = Emesis, ịtụ agbọ elu, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịtụba, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ | foto = Faịlụ:49-aspetti di vita quotidiana, vomito, Tacuino Sanitatis, Ca.jpg | alt = Ihe osise Renaissance nwere agba doro anya na-egosi nwanyị jidere isi nwoke, onye gbagọrọ agbagọ ma na-achụpụ ihe na-acha uhie uhie n'ọnụ ya. Nwanyị nke abụọ guzoro n'aka ekpe nke onyonyo ahụ n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ahụ, o yikwara ka ọ na-enye nkwado. Ihe nnọchianya dị nro nke ịgbọ agbọ. | nkọwa = ihe atụ nke narị afọ nke 14 nke ịgbọ agbọ site na Casanatense ''Tacuinum Sanitatis | akpọọ = | ubi = Gastroenterology | ihe mgbaàmà = Agbọ agbọ | nsogbu = Ọchịchọ, electrolyte na mfu mmiri, mmebi nke enamel nke ezé, ndọda nke mucosa esophagus | mmalite = | oge = | ụdị = | ihe kpatara = | ihe egwu = Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke migraine, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke PONV ma ọ bụ ọrịa ngagharị n'ime nne ma ọ bụ nna ma ọ bụ nwanne nwatakịrị, ọnọdụ anụ ahụ ASA ka mma, nchekasị siri ike tupu ịwa ahụ, ụdị agbụrụ ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ịwa ahụ, mbelata mmiri mmiri n'oge ịwa ahụ, ojiji kristal megide colloid | nchọpụta = | ọdịiche = | mgbochi = | ọgwụgwọ = | ọgwụ = | amụma = | ugboro = | ọnwụ = ===Nkọwa=== Ịgbọ agbọ (a maara ya n'ụzọ sayensị dịka emesis, a makwaara ya ọzọ dịka puking, na ịtụba agbọ){{efn|A maara ya n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị dịka (karịsịa American English|U.S. 'upchucking', 'barfing', 'heaving', 'hịgharị', na (karịsịa British English|Brit. '''ịṅụ sịga'''' ma ọ bụ ''ịṅụ sịga'''}} bụ iwepụ ihe dị n'ime afọ site na ọnụ na mgbe ụfọdụ imi.<ref>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies |location=New York |year=2010 |page=830 |isbn=978-0-07-148480-0 }}</ref> A maara ihe dị n'ime agbọpụta a dịka 'vomit' ma ọ bụ 'vomitus'.{{efn|Ma ọ bụ, n'ụzọ na-abụghị eziokwu, '''puke''', '''barf''', '''throw-up''', '''upchuck''', '''hurl''', ma ọ bụ '''sick''', n'etiti okwu ndị ọzọ. ===Ihe kpatara ya=== Ịgbọ agbọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe si na ọrịa dịka nsị nri|nsị nri, gastroenteritis, afọ ime, ọrịa mmegharị ahụ, ma ọ bụ ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè pụta; ma ọ bụ ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe si na ọrịa dịka ọnyá ụbụrụ pụta, mmụba nrụgide intracranial, ma ọ bụ ikpughe oke na radieshọn ionizing<ref name="hauser">{{cite web | last1=Hauser | first1=Joshua M. | last2=Azzam | first2=Joseph S. | last3=Kasi | first3=Anup | title=Antiemetic Medications | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=2022-09-26 | pmid=30335336 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532303/ | access-date=2023-07-12 | archive-date=2023-03-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330192842/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532303/ | url-status=live }}</ref>A na-akpọ mmetụta na mmadụ na-achọ ịgbọ agbọ ausea; ọ na-ebutekarị, mana ọ naghị eduga na ịgbọ agbọ mgbe niile. Mmebi nke sitere na mmanya na-aba n'anya|mmanya, anesthesia, ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị na-ebelata ahụ ọkụ]nwere ike ibute ịgbọ agbọ. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ebe mmiri na-agwụ ike malitere, enwere ike ịchọ mmiri mmiri n'ime akwara. Antiemetics dị mkpa mgbe ụfọdụ iji gbochie ọgbụgbọ na ịgbọ agbọ. Ịgbọ agbọ nke onwe onye nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke nsogbu iri nri dị ka bulimia nervosa, a na-ekewakwa ya ugbu a dị ka nsogbu iri nri n'onwe ya, nsogbu nhicha. ==Nsogbu== [[File:Symptoms-vomiting.jpg|thumb|Vomiting]] ===Ọchịchọ === Ịgbọ agbọ dị ize ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na afọ abata na ngalaba iku ume. N'ọnọdụ nkịtị, gag reflex na ụkwara na-egbochi nke a ime; agbanyeghị, mgbanwe nchebe ndị a na-emebi ndị nọ n'okpuru mmetụta ahụ.gụnyere ethanol|mmanya ma ọ bụ ọbụna obere ọgwụ mgbu|ọgwụ mgbu. Onye ahụ nwere ike ịtachi obi ma ọgwụ mgbu|ọgwụ mgbu<ref>{{cite book |last1=Robson |first1=Philip |title=Forbidden Drugs |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-262955-7 |page=49 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFgA5NzT-BwC&pg=PA49 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164822/https://books.google.com/books?id=fFgA5NzT-BwC&pg=PA49 |url-status=live }}</ref> or develop aspiration pneumonia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chambers |first1=David |last2=Huang |first2=Christopher |last3=Matthews |first3=Gareth |title=Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists |date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-107-63782-5 |page=277 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ma8BQAAQBAJ&dq=vomit+alcohol+%22aspiration+pneumonia%22+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA277 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228075325/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ma8BQAAQBAJ&dq=vomit+alcohol+%22aspiration+pneumonia%22+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA277#v=onepage&q=vomit%20alcohol%20%22aspiration%20pneumonia%22%20inpublisher%3Auniversity%20inpublisher%3Apress&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Mkpọnwụ mmiri na enweghị nguzozi nke electrolyte=== Ịgbọ agbọ ruo ogologo oge na oke ibu na-eme ka ahụ water dehydration ghara ịdị ọcha, ma nwee ike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ electrolyte. Ịgbọ agbọ afọ na-eduga na mfu nke acid na chloride ozugbo. Ejikọtara ya na alkaline tide nke na-esi na ya apụta, nke a na-eduga na hypochloremia|hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (obere chloride yana nnukwu chem|link=bicarbonate|HCO|3|-na chem|CO|2 na mmụba ọbara pH na mgbe mgbe hypokalemia potassium. Hypokalemia bụ nsonaazụ na-apụtaghị ìhè nke akụrụ na-akwụghachi mfu nke acid. Site na mfu nke iri nri, onye ahụ nwere ike mechaa ghọọ cachexia|cachectic. Ihe na-adịghị emekarị bụ ịgbọ agbọ nke ihe dị n'ime eriri afọ, gụnyere bile acid na chem|HCO|3|-. ===Mallory–Weiss tear=== Ịgbọ agbọ ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ nke buru ibu nwere ike ibute mbuze na esophagus ma ọ bụ obere anya mmiri na mucosa esophagus Mallory–Weiss syndrome|Mallory–Weiss tear. Nke a nwere ike ịpụta ìhè ma ọ bụrụ na agwakọta ọbara uhie ọhụrụ na agbọ agbọ mgbe ihe omume ole na ole gasịrị. ===Dentistry=== Ịgbọ agbọ nke na-eme ugboro ugboro, dịka a hụrụ na bulimia nervosa ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ahụkebe anorexia nervosa, nwere ike ibute mbibi nke enamel ezé n'ihi acidity nke ịgbọ agbọ. Enzyme digestive nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ na ahụike ọnụ, site na imebi anụ ahụ nke chịngọm. ==Pathophysiology== Ndị na-anabata ihe n'ala ventricle nke anọ nke ụbụrụ na-anọchite anya chemoreceptor trigger zone, nke a maara dị ka area postrema, nke mkpali ya nwere ike ibute ịgbọ agbọ.<ref name=hauser/> Ebe postrema bụ akụkụ ahụ dị n'akụkụ okirikiri, n'ihi ya, ọ dị n'èzí ihe mgbochi ọbara-ụbụrụ; ya mere, ọgwụ ndị sitere n'ọbara nwere ike ịkpalite ọgbụgbọ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Holland|first1=James F.|last2=Kufe|first2=Donald W.|last3=Weichselbaum|first3=Ralph R.|last4=Pollock|first4=Raphael E.|last5=Frei III|first5=Emil|last6=Gansler|first6=Ted S.|last7=Bast Jr.|first7=Robert C.|title=Cancer medicine|date=2003|publisher=Decker|location=Hamilton, Ontario [u.a.]|isbn=978-1-55009-213-4|edition=6. [ed.].|url=https://archive.org/details/cancermedicine60002unse|url-access=registration}} <!--Verify page--></ref> E nwere ọtụtụ isi mmalite nke ntinye na ebe a na-agbọ agbọ: * Mpaghara ihe mkpali chemoreceptor dị n'okpuru ventricle nke anọ nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-anabata dopamine|dopamine D<sub>2</sub> ndị na-anabata 5-HT<sub> ndị na-anabata 5-HT<sub>3</sub> ndị na-anabata opioid, ndị na-anabata acetylcholine, na ndị na-anabata maka ihe P. Mkpali nke ndị na-anabata dị iche iche na-etinye aka na ụzọ dị iche iche na-eduga na emesis, na ụzọ ikpeazụ nke ihe P na-apụta na ya.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hornby | first1 = PJ | title = Central neurocircuitry associated with emesis | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 111 Suppl 8A | pages = 106S–112S | year = 2001 | pmid = 11749934 | doi=10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00849-X | issue = 8}}</ref><ref name="pmid8129158">{{cite journal|last1=Naylor|first1=RJ|last2=Inall|first2=FC|title=The physiology and pharmacology of postoperative nausea and vomiting.|journal=Anaesthesia|date=January 1994|volume=49 Suppl|pages=2–5|pmid=8129158|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03575.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> * usoro vestibular, nke na-eziga ozi na ụbụrụ site na cranial nerve VIII (akwara vestibulocochlear), na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrịa nke motion, ma nweekwa Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor|muscarinic receptors na histamine receptor|histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors.<ref name="pmid6399658">{{cite journal|last1=Matsuoka|first1=I|last2=Ito|first2=J|last3=Takahashi|first3=H|last4=Sasa|first4=M|last5=Takaori|first5=S|title=Experimental vestibular pharmacology: a minireview with special reference to neuroactive substances and antivertigo drugs.|journal=Acta Oto-Laryngologica Supplementum|date=1984|volume=419|pages=62–70|pmid=6399658}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li–gui|first1=Huang|last2=En–tong|first2=Wang|last3=Wei|first3=Chen|last4=Wei–xi|first4=Gong|title=Role of Histamine H1 Receptors in Vestibular Nucleus in Motion Sickness|journal=Journal of Otology|date=June 2011|volume=6|issue=1|pages=20–25|doi=10.1016/S1672-2930(11)50003-0|doi-access=free}}</ref> * A na-arụ ọrụ akwara vagus|akwara ụbụrụ X vagus mgbe pharynx na-ewe iwe, na-eduga na pharyngeal reflex|gag reflex. * Ntinye sistemu akwara vagal na enteric na-eziga ozi gbasara ọnọdụ sistemu eriri afọ. Iwe nke mucosa GI site na chemotherapy, radieshon, distention, ma ọ bụ gastroenteritis na-efe efe na-eme ka ndị nnata 5-HT<sub>3</sub> nke ntinye ndị a rụọ ọrụ. *Central nervous system|CNS na-eme ka agbọ agbọ nke sitere na nsogbu uche na nrụgide sitere na etiti ụbụrụ dị elu..<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ray Andrew P. |author2=Chebolu Seetha |author3=Ramirez Juan |author4=Darmani Nissar A | year = 2009 | title = Ablation of Least Shrew Central Neurokinin NK1 Receptors Reduces GR73632-Induced Vomiting | journal = Behavioral Neuroscience | volume = 123 | issue = 3| pages = 701–706 | doi = 10.1037/a0015733 |pmid=19485577 |pmc=2714262 }}</ref> *Medulla oblongata|medulla na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpalite ihe mgbu..<ref name=newrev2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Balaban CD, Yates BJ | title = What is nausea? A historical analysis of changing views | journal = Autonomic Neuroscience | volume = 202 | pages = 5–17 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27450627 | doi = 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.07.003 | pmc = 5203950 }}</ref> * ịgbọ agbọ gụnyere ụdị ihe atọ nke mpaghara ihe mkpali chemoreceptor malitere: Motor, parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), na sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Ha bụ ndị a: * Mmụba astọ iji chebe enamel ezé site na asịd afọ.<ref name="Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting">{{cite book |author1=Anthony L. Kovac |editor1-last=Tong Joo Gan |editor2-last=Habib |editor2-first=Ashraf S. |title=Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Practical Guide |date=March 29, 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-107-46519-0 |page=13 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6qxCwAAQBAJ&dq=retroperistalsis+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA13 |access-date=August 8, 2021 |chapter=2: Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting |archive-date=October 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022190549/https://books.google.com/books?id=-6qxCwAAQBAJ&dq=retroperistalsis+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA13 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Ịgbọ agbọ gabigara ókè na-eduga na Mgbaze (ezé)|mgbaze ezé. Nke a bụ akụkụ nke ihe PNS na-apụta. * Ahụ na-eku ume miri emi iji zere ịgbọ agbọ Mgbaze akpa ume | ịgbọ agbọ.<ref name="Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting"/> * Retroperistalsis na-amalite site n'etiti afọ nta ma na-ebuga ihe dị n'ime nri n'ime afọ, site na pylorus|pyloric sphincter ahụ dị jụụ..<ref name="Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting"/> * Nrụgide dị n'ime akwara na-ebelata (site na Iku ume|mkpali megide glottis mechiri emechi), yana mmụba na nrụgide afọ ka akwara afọ afọ|afọ na-agbakọta, na-akpali ihe dị n'ime afọ banye na esophagus ka cardia|ala esophageal sphincter na-eme ka ahụ zuru ike.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boarder |first1=Michael |last2=Dixon |first2=Jane |last3=Newby |first3=David |last4=Navti |first4=Phyllis |last5=Zetterström |first5=Tyra |title=Pharmacology for Pharmacy and the Health Sciences: A Patient-Centred Approach |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-107072-3 |page=317 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAaTDQAAQBAJ&dq=vomiting+abdominal+muscles+contract+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA317 |access-date=August 8, 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228075507/https://books.google.com/books?id=eAaTDQAAQBAJ&dq=vomiting+abdominal+muscles+contract+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA317#v=onepage&q=vomiting%20abdominal%20muscles%20contract%20inpublisher%3Auniversity%20inpublisher%3Apress&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The stomach itself does not contract in the process of vomiting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Koshi |first1=Rachel |title=Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy: Volume 2, Thorax and Abdomen |date=August 24, 2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-251647-3 |page=300 |edition=16th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8yDwAAQBAJ&dq=vomiting+abdominal+muscles+contract+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PT310 |access-date=August 8, 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228074937/https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8yDwAAQBAJ&dq=vomiting+abdominal+muscles+contract+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PT310#v=onepage&q=vomiting%20abdominal%20muscles%20contract%20inpublisher%3Auniversity%20inpublisher%3Apress&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> ma e wezụga na Angular incisure|angular notch, ọ dịghịkwa retroperistalsis ọ bụla dị n'ime esophagus. * Agbọ agbọ na-ebutekarị retching.<ref name="Usoro nke ọgbụgbọ na agbọ agbọ"/> * Ịgbọ agbọ na-ebutekwa mmeghachi omume Sympathetic nervous system|SNS nke na-akpata ma ọsụsọ ma mmụba nke obi.<ref name="Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting"/> pb === Usoro === Ọrụ ịgbọ agbọ nwere usoro abụọ. N'ime "''oge a na-emegharị ahụ'', akwara afọ na-enwe usoro mkpụkọ ugboro ole na ole nke njikọta yana diaphragm na akwara eji eme ihe n'ike mmụọ. N'ihi nke a, mmadụ nwere ike ịgbagwoju oge a anya na ihe omume nke hiccups. N'oge a na-emegharị ahụ, ọ dịghị ihe a chụpụrụ. N'oge na-esote, nke a na-akpọkwa "'oge a na-achụpụ ihe'', nrụgide siri ike na-etolite n'afọ site na nnukwu mgbanwe na diaphragm na afọ. Mgbanwe ndị a, n'ezie, nrụgide siri ike nke akwara ndị a nke na-adịru ogologo oge - ogologo oge karịa oge nkịtị nke mkpụkọ akwara. A na-ahapụ nrụgide ahụ na mberede mgbe sphincter esophageal elu zuru ike nke na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime afọ chụpụ. Ka ọnụ na oghere imi jikọtara ọnụ site n'azụ akpịrị, karịsịa ịgbọ agbọ ike, ma ọ bụ imepụta nnukwu ịgbọ agbọ nwere ike ime ka ihe si na oghere imi pụta na ọnụ. Ndị na-anaghị emega ahụ mgbe niile n'afọ nwere ike inwe ihe mgbu n'ime akwara ndị ahụ ruo ụbọchị ole na ole. Mbelata nrụgide na mwepụta nke endorphins n'ime ọbara mgbe a chụpụrụ ha na-eme ka onye na-agbọ agbọ nwee ahụ iru ala ozugbo ọ gbọchara.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lembke |first1=Anna |title=Drug Dealer, MD: How Doctors Were Duped, Patients Got Hooked, and Why It's So Hard to Stop |date=November 15, 2016 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland |isbn=978-1-4214-2140-7 |page=137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqfhDAAAQBAJ&dq=vomiting+endorphins+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA137 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228075055/https://books.google.com/books?id=FqfhDAAAQBAJ&dq=vomiting+endorphins+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=vomiting%20endorphins%20inpublisher%3Auniversity%20inpublisher%3Apress&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ọdịnaya=== [[File:Vomit of partially digested food in a 11 litre container Man-sized glove is shown in photo for scale.jpg|thumb|Partially digested food, with a rubber glove for scale]] Gastric asid maọbu mmiri afọ na agbọ agbọ na-eme nke ukwuu asid. Nri e riri n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-apụta n'agbọ agbọ afọ. N'agbanyeghị ihe dị na ya, agbọ agbọ na-abụkarị isi,isi ọjọọ. Ọnụọgụ nke agbọ agbọ (agbọ agbọ) nwere ike ịbụ ihe gbasara ahụike. A na-akpọ ọbara ọhụrụ na agbọ agbọ hematemesis ("agbọ agbọ ọbara"). Ọbara gbanwere agbanwe yiri nke agbọ kọfị (dịka iron dị n'ọbara si dị oxidation|oxidized) ma, mgbe achọpụtara ihe a, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ agbọ agbọ kọfị|agbọ agbọ kọfị. Agbọ agbọ kọfị nwere ike ịbanye na agbọ agbọ n'oge a na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihi duodenum duodenal ma ọ bụrụ na agbọ agbọ ahụ dị oke njọ. Ịgbọ agbọ n'ime afọ na-abụkarị ihe si na ihe mgbochi eriri afọ ma ọ bụ gastrocolic fistula pụta, a na-emesokwa ya dị ka ihe mgbaàmà ịdọ aka ná ntị nke nsogbu a nwere ike ịdị njọ (''signum mali ominis''). Ọ bụrụ na ihe na-eme ka ọgbụgbọ ahụ gbakee ruo ogologo oge na-enweghị ọgbụgbọ a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta, a na-akpọ ọnọdụ a emesis na-anaghị arụpụta ihe ma ọ bụ "ọkụ kpọrọ nkụ", nke nwere ike ịkpata ihe mgbu ma na-emebi ahụ.;Agba nke ọgbụgbọ<ref>{{Cite journal|last=W. S.|first=CRAIG|date=1961|title=Vomiting in the early days of life.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|volume=36|issue=188|page=455|doi=10.1136/adc.36.188.451|pmid=13696216|pmc=2012720}}</ref> * Ọbara ọbara na-acha ọbara ọbara n'ime agbọọ na-egosi ọbara ọgbụgba si n'azụ esophagus * Ọbara ọbara gbara ọchịchịrị nke nwere mkpụkọ dị ka imeju na-egosi ọbara ọgbụgba dị ukwuu n'afọ, dị ka site na ọnya afọ a gbawara agbawa * Ọbara mmiri dị ka kọfị na-egosi ọbara ọgbụgba dị obere n'afọ n'ihi na acid afọ enweela oge ịgbanwe nhazi ọbara ahụ * Ọbara mmiri odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egosi bile, nke na-egosi na valvụ pyloric meghere ma bile na-abanye n'afọ site na duodenum. Nke a nwere ike ime n'oge agbọ agbọ mgbe ewepụchara ihe dị n'ime afọ kpamkpam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-07 |title=Nausea and vomiting in adults {{!}} nidirect |url=https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/nausea-and-vomiting-adults |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.nidirect.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Berg|first4=Cecile|last5=Hamer|first5=Robert|last6=Sullivan|first6=Patrick|last7=Bulik|first7=Cynthia M.|date=2008 |title=Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women with bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified. |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20564 |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=722–727 |doi=10.1002/eat.20564 |pmid=18528877 |pmc=3247760 }}</ref> *Hyperemesis gravidarum|Hyperemesis, ụtụtụ ọrịa ọgwụ mmeghachi omume (agbọ agbọ nwere ike ime dịka mmeghachi omume Somatic (biology)somatic maka): * mmanya (ọgwụ)Mmanya aṅụrụma, nke enwere ike itinye n'ime acetaldehyde nke na-akpata mgbaàmà nke ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, gụnyere ọgbụgbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, iku ume mkpụmkpụ, na ọsọ ọsọ nke obi.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rostron |editor1-first=Chris |editor2-last=Barber |editor2-first=Jill |title=Pharmaceutical Chemistry |date=March 2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-877978-0 |page=8 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AeEAAAQBAJ&dq=vomit+hangover+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=SA1-PA7 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228075103/https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AeEAAAQBAJ&dq=vomit+hangover+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=SA1-PA7#v=onepage&q=vomit%20hangover%20inpublisher%3Auniversity%20inpublisher%3Apress&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> * Opioids<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Howard S. |last2=Laufer |first2=Andras |date=2014-01-05 |title=Opioid induced nausea and vomiting |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299913007711 |journal=European Journal of Pharmacology |series=New vistas in the pharmacology and neurochemistry of diverse causes of nausea and vomiting |volume=722 |pages=67–78 |doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.074 |pmid=24157979 |issn=0014-2999|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Ihe mgbochi reuptake serotonin ahọpụtaras<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McManis |first1=Philip G. |last2=Talley |first2=Nicholas J. |date=1997-11-01 |title=Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |url=https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-199708050-00005 |journal=CNS Drugs |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=394–401 |doi=10.2165/00023210-199708050-00005 |issn=1179-1934|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Many chemotherapy drugs<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rajapakse |first=Dilini |date=March 2010 |title=Symptom management during chemotherapy |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S175172220900273X |journal=Paediatrics and Child Health |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=129–134 |doi=10.1016/j.paed.2009.10.005 |issn=1751-7222|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Some entheogens (such as peyote or ayahuasca<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Malcolm |first1=Benjamin J. |last2=Lee |first2=Kelly C. |date=January 2017 |title=Ayahuasca: An ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness? |journal=The Mental Health Clinician |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=39–45 |doi=10.9740/mhc.2017.01.039 |issn=2168-9709 |pmc=6007657 |pmid=29955496}}</ref> *Mmetụta nke ịdị elu dị elu n'ahụ mmadụ | Elu dị elu: *Ọrịa dị elu<ref name=Fer2016>{{cite book |vauthors=Ferri FF |title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-44838-3 |page=590 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA590 |language=en |access-date=2023-01-02 |archive-date=2023-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228075055/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA590#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọrịa (a na-akpọkarị ya "ọnya afọ"—aha sara mbara nke na-ezo aka na mbufụt afọ nke ọtụtụ nje na nje bacteria kpatara): * Norovirus (onye bụbu nje Norwalk ma ọ bụ ihe nnọchite anya Norwalk)<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-10-11 |title=How Norovirus Spreads |url=https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/causes/index.html |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Norovirus |language=en-us}}</ref> * Swine influenza (H1N1)<ref>{{Citation |last1=Jilani |first1=Talha N. |title=H1N1 Influenza |date=2026 |work=StatPearls |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513241/ |access-date=2026-07-16 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30020613 |last2=Jamil |first2=Radia T. |last3=Nguyen |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Siddiqui |first4=Abdul H.}}</ref> Ọrịa uche/omume: * Bulimia nervosa * Nri neophobia nke neophobia * Nsogbu iwepụ ihe mkpofu ===Emetics=== ''emetic'', dị ka mmiri ọgwụ nke ipecac, bụ ihe na-akpata agbọ agbọ mgbe a na-enye ya n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ site na ịgba ọgwụ. A na-eji emetic eme ihe n'ọgwụ mgbe e riri ihe ma a ga-achụpụ ya n'ahụ ozugbo. N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na-egbu egbu ma dị mfe ịgbari dị ka nsí oke nwere emetic. <ref name="EB1911" />Nke a enweghị nsogbu maka ịdị irè nke ọgwụ ogbugbu anụ ebe ọ bụ na òké enweghị ike ịgbọ agbọ..<ref name="Kapoor-et-al-2015">{{cite journal | last1=Kapoor | first1=Harit | last2=Lohani | first2=Kush Raj | last3=Lee | first3=Tommy H. | last4=Agrawal | first4=Devendra K. | last5=Mittal | first5=Sumeet K. | title=Animal Models of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma-Past, Present, and Future | journal=Clinical and Translational Science | publisher=[[Wiley Publishing|Wiley]] | volume=8 | issue=6 | date=2015-07-27 | doi=10.1111/cts.12304 | pages=841–847| doi-access=free | pmid=26211420 | pmc=4703452 }}</ref> Ịkpalite ọgbụgbọ nwere ike iwepụ ihe ahụ tupu ọ banye n'ahụ. Enwere ike kewaa Emetics ụzọ abụọ: ndị na-emepụta mmetụta ha site n'ime ihe na-eme na ebe a na-agbọ agbọ na medulla, na ndị na-eme ihe ozugbo na afọ n'onwe ya. Ụfọdụ emetics, dị ka ipecac, na-adaba n'ụdị abụọ a: ha na-eme ihe ozugbo na afọ, ebe mmetụta ha na-aga n'ihu na nke ka ukwuu na-apụta site na mkpali nke ebe a na-agbọ agbọ..<ref name="EB1911">EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Emetics|volume=9|page=336</ref> A na-eji nnu mmiri na mmiri Mkpụrụ Mọstad,nke na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo n'afọ, eme ihe kemgbe oge ochie dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee nsogbu..<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.3109/15563657108990490 | last1 = Decker | first1 = W. J. | year = 1971 | title = In Quest of Emesis: Fact, Fable, and Fancy | journal = Clinical Toxicology | volume = 4 | issue = 3| pages = 383–387 | pmid = 4151103 </ref> Care must be taken with salt, as Hypernatremia|excessive intake can potentially be harmful.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Moder | first1 = K. G. | last2 = Hurley | first2 = D. L. | year = 1991 | title = Fatal hypernatremia from exogenous salt intake: report of a case and review of the literature | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 65 | issue = 12| pages = 1587–1594 | pmid = 2255221 | doi = 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)62194-6 | doi-access = }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Salt: a natural antidepressant? |url=http://news.scotsman.com/nhshealth/Salt-a-natural-antidepressant.5144129.jp |work=The Scotsman |date=April 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604135244/http://news.scotsman.com/nhshealth/Salt-a-natural-antidepressant.5144129.jp |archive-date=2011-06-04 |access-date=2009-09-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> Copper(II) sulfate|Copper sulfate was also used in the past as an emetic.<ref name="pmid4385403">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holtzmann NA, Haslam RH |title=Elevation of serum copper following copper sulfate as an emetic |journal=Pediatrics |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=189–93 |date=July 1968 |doi=10.1542/peds.42.1.189 |pmid=4385403 |s2cid=32740524 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/189 |access-date=2009-03-06 |archive-date=2010-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616094559/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/189 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = S. C. | last2 = Borison | first2 = Herbert L. | year = 1951 | title = Copper Sulphate Emesis: A Study of Afferent Pathways from the Gastrointestinal Tract | journal = American Journal of Physiology | volume = 164 | issue = 2| pages = 520–526 | doi = 10.1152/ajplegacy.1951.164.2.520 | pmid = 14810961 | s2cid = 14006841 }}</ref> It is now considered too toxic for this use.<ref name="isbn0-8385-8172-2">{{cite book |author=Olson, Kent C. |title=Poisoning & drug overdose |publisher=Lange Medical Mooks/McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2004 |page=[https://archive.org/details/poisoningdrugove00olso/page/175 175] |isbn=978-0-8385-8172-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/poisoningdrugove00olso/page/175 }}</ref> A na-eji Hydrogen peroxide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee nsogbu n'ọgwụ anụmanụ.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting|encyclopedia=Merck Veterinary manual|url=http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/190303.htm|publisher=Merck & Co., Inc|year=2006|access-date=2013-02-23|archive-date=2016-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324233045/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2F190303.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.petplace.com/dogs/how-to-induce-vomiting-emesis-in-dogs/page1.aspx |title=How to Induce Vomiting (Emesis) in Dogs |publisher=Petplace.com |access-date=2014-05-03 |archive-date=2015-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212010816/http://www.petplace.com/dogs/how-to-induce-vomiting-emesis-in-dogs/page1.aspx |accessdate=2026-08-11 |archivedate=2015-02-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212010816/http://www.petplace.com/dogs/how-to-induce-vomiting-emesis-in-dogs/page1.aspx }}</ref> ===Nsogbu nke onwe=== * Nsogbu iri nri anorexia nervosa ma ọ bụ bulimia nervosa * Iji wepụ nsí riri (ekwesighi ịgbọpụta ụfọdụ nsí n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịdị njọ karịa mgbe a na-ekuru ume ma ọ bụ na-afụ ụfụ; ọ ka mma ịrịọ maka enyemaka tupu ọ kpalite ịgbọ agbọ) * Ndị sonyere na mmiri ara ehi na-agba mmiri ara ehi na-agbọkarị ọtụtụ mmiri ara ehi ha na-eri, ebe protein dị na mmiri ara ehi a na-eri (dị ka casein) na-agbapụta ngwa ngwa ma na-agbawa agbawa mgbe ha metụrụ acid gastric na enzymes protease aka, na-ejupụta afọ ngwa ngwa. Ozugbo afọ juru, stretch receptor dị na mgbidi afọ na-akpalite ịgbọ agbọ iji chụpụ mmiri ọ bụla ọzọ onye sonyere na-eri. * Ndị na-arịa agbọ agbọ nwere ike ịkpalite ịgbọ agbọ n'olileanya na ha ga-adị mma. === Ụdị dị iche iche === * Mgbe wachara ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ mgbe a wachara ahụ * Ihe ndị na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ihe arụ, isi, ụtọ, ụda ma ọ bụ echiche (dịka ihe rere ure, ịgbọ agbọ ndị ọzọ, iche echiche ịgbọ agbọ), wdg. * Ihe mgbu dị oke njọ, dịka isi ọwụwa ma ọ bụ myocardial infarction (mkpọchi obi) * Oke mmetụta uche Enwere ike ịghọtahie "ihe ike" ebe a. * Cyclic vomiting syndrome (ọnọdụ a na-aghọtachaghị nke ọma nke nwere mwakpo nke ịgbọ agbọ) * Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (yiri cyclic vomiting syndrome, mana enwere ojiji cannabis dị ka ihe kpatara ya). * Oke iji ionizing radieshon na-akpalite ịgbọ agbọọ na-amaghị ama mgbe ụfọdụ. * Mmerụ ahụ ike nke ụkwara, hiccups, ma ọ bụ asthma * Nchegbu * Mmetụta Obi (Ọdịdị Obi)|Ịda mbà n'obi * Ịrụbiga ahụ ókè (imega ahụ ike gabiga ókè nwere ike ibute ịgbọ agbọ obere oge ka e mesịrị). ===Ụdị ndị ọzọ=== Ịgbọ agbọ bụ ịgbọ agbọ nke na-ewepụta ihe dị n'ime afọ n'ike dị ukwuu.<ref name=med_dict>{{cite web |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vomiting |title=vomiting - definition of vomiting in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia |publisher=Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com |access-date=2014-05-03 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222155353/http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vomiting |url-status=live }}</ref>Ọ bụ ihe mgbaàmà nkịtị nke pyloric stenosis,infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, nke ọ na-abụkarị mgbe ọ na-eri nri ma nwee ike ịdị ike nke na ụfọdụ ihe na-esi n'imi apụta..<ref name=Sleisenger783>{{cite book|editor1=Mark Feldman|editor2=Lawrence S. Friedman|editor3=Lawrence J. Brandt|title=Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management|year=2009|publisher=MD Consult|location=St. Louis, Mo.|isbn=978-1-4160-6189-2|page=783|url=http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/pdf/284431036-3/978-1-4160-6189-2/4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..00047-0..DOCPDF.pdf?isbn=978-1-4160-6189-2&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..00047-0..DOCPDF|edition=9th|access-date=2011-09-30|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118190703/http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/pdf/284431036-3/978-1-4160-6189-2/4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..00047-0..DOCPDF.pdf?isbn=978-1-4160-6189-2&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..00047-0..DOCPDF|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ọgwụgwọ== Antiemetic bụ ọgwụ dị irè megide ịgbọ agbọ na agbọ agbọ. A na-ejikarị ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa iji gwọọ ọrịa ngagharị na Mmetụta ọjọọ (ọgwụ) nke ọgwụ dịka opioids na chemotherapy. Ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ site n'igbochi ebe ndị na-anabata ihe metụtara emesis. Ya mere, a na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, ọgwụ mgbochi dopamine, ọgwụ mgbochi serotonin, na cannabinoids dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mitchelson|first1=F|title=Pharmacological agents affecting emesis. A review (Part I).|journal=Drugs|date=March 1992|volume=43|issue=3|pages=295–315|pmid=1374316|doi=10.2165/00003495-199243030-00002|s2cid=46983160}}</ref> Ihe akaebe na-akwado ojiji nke antiemetics maka ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ n'etiti ndị toro eto na ngalaba mberede adịghị mma.<ref name=Fur2015/> O doro anya ma ọgwụ ọ bụla dị mma karịa ọgwụgwọ ọzọ ma ọ bụ ka mma karịa enweghị ọgwụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name=Fur2015>{{cite journal|last1=Furyk|first1=JS|last2=Meek|first2=RA|last3=Egerton-Warburton|first3=D|title=Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting.|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=28 September 2015|volume=9|issue=9|article-number=CD010106|pmid=26411330|pmc=6517141|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010106.pub2}}</ref> ==Ọrịa Ọrịa Na-efe Efe== Agbọọ maọbụ ịgbọ agbọ bụ ihe ndị bụ isi na-eme na 1.6% nke nleta ndị dọkịta ezinụlọ na Australia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Helena Britt |last2=Fahridin |first2=S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Australian Family Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=673–784 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |url=http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200709/200709beach.pdf |access-date=2010-02-15 |archive-date=2019-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326113722/https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200709/200709beach.pdf }}</ref> ==Ọha mmadụ na omenala== Herodotus, na-ede banyere omenala nke Alaeze Ukwu Achaemenid|Ndị Peshia oge ochie ma na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị na nke ndị Gris n'oge ochie, na-ekwu na amachibidoro ịgbọ agbọ n'ihu ndị ọzọ n'etiti ndị Peshia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herodotus-iii|title=HERODOTUS iii. DEFINING THE PERSIANS – Encyclopaedia Iranica|last=electricpulp.com|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=2017-06-24|archive-date=2019-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129214830/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herodotus-iii|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/herodotus-persians.asp|title=Internet History Sourcebooks|website=sourcebooks.fordham.edu|access-date=2017-06-24|archive-date=2017-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707040138/http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/herodotus-persians.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ntinye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya=== [[File:Nationalmuseet - Cophenaghen - brygos vomiting1.jpg|thumb|A drunk man vomiting, while a young slave is holding his forehead. Brygos Painter, 500–470 BC]] Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mgbe otu onye na-agbọ agbọ, ndị ọzọ nọ ya nso na-agbọ agbọ, karịsịa mgbe ha na-esi isi ọgbụgbọ nke ndị ọzọ, ma na-agbọ agbọ n'onwe ha.cn|date=Maachị 2025 A hụla ụdịrị ihe a n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'oriri mmanya, ebe ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè nwere ike ime ka ọtụtụ ndị otu ha agbọ agbọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu oge, nke sitere na ọgbụgbọ mbụ nke otu onye otu ahụ.cn|date=Maachị 2025 Ịgbọ agbọ nke ukwuu n'ime ayahuasca ememe bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Agbanyeghị, ndị na-enweta "la purga" mgbe ha ṅụchara ayahuasca, n'ozuzu ha, na-ewere omume ahụ dị ka ihe dị ọcha n'anụ ahụ na nke ime mmụọ ma na-anabata ya mgbe niile.<ref>Shanon, B. (2002). The antipodes of the mind: Charting the phenomenology of the ayahuasca experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>.A na-atụ aro na mmetụta emetic nke ayahuasca—na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-agwọ ọrịa ya—bara uru nye ndị obodo nke Amazon Basin, n'inyere aka iwepụ parasite na sistemụ eriri afọ.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Andritzky | first1 = W. | year = 1989 | title = Sociopsychotherapeutic functions of ayahuasca healing in Amazonia | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-psychoactive-drugs_january-march-1989_21_1/page/77 | journal = Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | volume = 21 | issue = 1| pages = 77–89 | pmid = 2656954 | doi=10.1080/02791072.1989.10472145}}</ref> E nwekwara ihe ndekọ nke otu onye ọrịa na-agbọ agbọ na-eme ka ndị ọzọ gbọọ agbọ, mgbe ha na-atụkarị egwu ịrịa ọrịa, site n'ụdị mass hysteria. [[File:Sea-sickness bag, Merseyside Maritime Museum.png|thumb|Special bags are often supplied on boats for sick passengers to vomit into.]] Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-agbalị igbochi ọgbụgbọ ha site n'ịgbọ agbọ n'ime sink, ụlọ mposi, ma ọ bụ ite mkpofu, ebe ọ bụ na ọgbụgbọ siri ike ma dịkwa njọ ịsacha. N'ụgbọelu na ụgbọ mmiri, a na-enye Akpa ọrịa|akpa pụrụ iche ka ndị njem na-arịa ọrịa gbọọ agbọ. Akpa pụrụ iche a na-atụfu (nke na-anaghị agbapụta mmiri, nke na-anaghị agbapụta mmiri, nke na-enweghị isi) nke nwere ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri nke na-eme ka ọgbụgbọ ahụ sie ike ngwa ngwa dịkwa, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma dịkwa mma ịchekwa ruo mgbe enwere ohere ịtụfu ya nke ọma. Ndị na-agbọ agbọ mgbe niile dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka akụkụ nke nri na-adịghị mma dị ka bulimia nervosa nwere ike ichepụta ụzọ dị iche iche iji zoo nsogbu a. Nnyocha dị n'ịntanetị nke nzaghachi ndị mmadụ na "ụda dị egwu" chọpụtara na ịgbọ agbọ "bụ ihe kacha njọ". Prọfesọ Trevor Cox nke Mahadum Salford's Acoustic Research Centre kwuru, "Emebere anyị ka ihe ọjọọ dị ka ịgbọ agbọ jụ, ebe ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji nọgide na-adị ndụ iji zere ihe ọjọọ." A na-eche na ihe ọjọọ na-akpata site na ụda ịgbọ agbọ iji chebe ndị nọ nso pụọ na nri nwere ike ibute ọrịa.<ref>[http://www.salford.ac.uk/news/details/462 "Sickening sounds - research to make your ears cringe"]. University of Salford. January 28, 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224205900/http://www.salford.ac.uk/news/details/462|date=February 24, 2009}}</ref> ===Psychology=== Emetophilia bụ agụụ mmekọahụ sitere na ịgbọ agbọ, ma ọ bụ ikiri ndị ọzọ na-agbọ agbọ.<ref>{{cite book|title=Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices|url=https://archive.org/details/forensicmedicole0000aggr|last=Aggrawal|first=Anil|publisher=CRC Press|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4200-4308-2|location=Boca Raton|page=[https://archive.org/details/forensicmedicole0000aggr/page/373 373]}}</ref>Emetophobia bụ ụjọ nke na-akpata oke nchekasị siri ike gbasara ịgbọ agbọ. ==Hụkwa== * Ọrịa Bulimia * Emetophilia * Kansas na Agbọọ * Ịgbọ agbọ nchekwa * Emetophobia * Vasodilation * Afọ Ọsịsa * Izi Imi * Etuketu * Chyme * Ọfụfụ ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.cvsa.org.uk Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome] ki4z3shaocngniun3nveo2k4toc5t8y Prudence Nobantu Mabele 0 81175 743481 736827 2026-11-05T16:37:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Prudence Nobantu Mabele''' (21 Julaị 1971 – 10 Julaị 2017) bụ onye South Africa [[w:activism|activist]] nke kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka bi na HIV/AIDS, nakwa megide ime ihe ike n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị. A chọpụtara na o nwere HIV/AIDS na 1990 ma kwupụta ọkwa ya n'ihu ọha na 1992. O hiwere Positive Women's Network na 1996. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na UNAIDS ma ruo eru dịka sangoma. Ọ nwetara ọtụtụ ihe nrite, gụnyere Felipa de Souza award na 1999. Na 2004, o buru Olympic flame. Ọ nwụrụ na 2017 ma n'uche ya International AIDS Society guzobere ihe nrite kwa afọ maka ndị na-akwado okike. ==ndụ Mmalite == A mụrụ Prudence Nobantu Mabele na Wattville [[obodo]] dị nso na [[w:Benoni, Gauteng|Benoni]], n'ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Johannesburg, South Africa na 21 Julaị 1971.<ref name="Lancet">{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=Andrew |title=Obituary |journal=The Lancet |date=19 August 2017 |volume=390 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(17)32096-2.pdf |accessdate=18 August 2020}}</ref> Nne nne ya bụ́ Nosifako Elizabeth Mabele na nna nna ya bụ́ July Mabele zụlitere ya, ebe nne ya nọ n'ala ọzọ, nna ya bụkwa onye agha uMkhonto we Sizwe. Prudence, bụ́ onye mbụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị anọ, hapụrụ Wattville gaa Pietermaritzburg ka ọ gaa gụọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, wee gaa Technikon Witwatersrand na [[w:Cape Peninsula University of Technology|Cape Town Technikon]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} A chọpụtara na ọ bu ọrịa [[HIV/AIDS]] na mbụ n'afọ 1990.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=HIV campaigner's 'generosity cost life' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-40653944 |accessdate=18 August 2020 |work=BBC News |date=19 July 2017 |archive-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206185913/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-40653944 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ndị a chọpụtara na ha bu nje HIV mgbe ha dị obere, Prudence nwetara akara ugo mmụta diploma na ọkụ eletrik injinịa eletriki na 1994. Ihe ndị ọzọ o mere n'agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere akara ugo mmụta na akparamàgwà mmadụ]] na Intec College na 1996, akara ugo mmụta na njikwa site na [[w:Mahadum nke Witwatersrand|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Azụmaahịa Wits]] na asambodo na "Ụmụ nwanyị na Njikwa", "Nduzi HIV na AIDS" na "Nlekota na Nyocha maka Mmemme Ahụike Mmekọahụ na Ọmụmụ.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ==Ọrụ== Na 1992, Mabele mere ka ọha mara na ọ nwere nje HIV, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ si South Africa mee nke ahụ.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Windwood |first1=Akaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOdmEAAAQBAJ&dq=Prudence+Nobantu+Mabele&pg=PA62 |title=Leading with Joy: Practices for Uncertain Times |last2=Bhansali |first2=Rajasvini |date=2022-10-04 |publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers |isbn=978-1-5230-0283-2 |pages=62 |language=en}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye na-akwado [[w:HIV/AIDS na Afrịka|mmata HIV]], wee guzobe Positive Women's Network na 1996.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name=":4" /> Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, Mabele bụ onyeisi oche nke Society for Women and AIDS in Africa na osote onyeisi oche nke Civil Society Forum – South African National AIDS Council.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/prudence-mabele-leading-hiv-activist-dies|title=Prudence Mabele, leading HIV activist, dies|website=www.enca.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717101325/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/prudence-mabele-leading-hiv-activist-dies|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mabele bụ onye isi oche nke WomenNOW! Summit gbasara Ahụike na Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke Ụmụnwaanyị Ndị Africa na Ndị Africa nke si mba ọzọ bịa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's Activism NYC|url=https://www.womensactivism.nyc/stories/1522|access-date=2021-01-20|website=www.womensactivism.nyc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Prudence Nobantu Mabele - InfoHub|url=https://infohub.projecttopics.org/1924119-prudence-nobantu-mabele|access-date=2021-01-20|website=infohub.projecttopics.org|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129013423/https://infohub.projecttopics.org/1924119-prudence-nobantu-mabele|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ na-arụkọkwa ọrụ mgbe niile na Mmemme Njikọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu gbasara HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).<ref name="UNAIDS">{{cite web |title=UNAIDS saddened by the death of Prudence Mabele |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2017/july/20170711-prudence-mabele |website=www.unaids.org |accessdate=18 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Mabele gụchara ọzụzụ ya dịka [[w:Ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala nke ndịda Afrịka|sangoma]] (dọkịta ọdịnala) na 2004. O were ọgwụ ARV mgbe ha dị na sistemụ ahụike ọha na eze na South Afrịka. O kwadoro iji ọgwụ ARV n'ihi na ya onwe ya ahụla mbibi nke ọrịa AIDS kpatara. Mabele zara oku ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala afọ ole na ole mgbe ọ malitere ọgwụ ARV, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri ka ọ chọpụtara na ọ bụ onye HIV..<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://bhekisisa.org/article/2013-11-29-00-the-sangoma-who-lives-for-science|title=Remembering Prudence Mabele: The sangoma who lived for science|last=Skosana|first=Ina|website=Bhekisisa|date=29 November 2013 |language=en|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713075300/http://bhekisisa.org/article/2013-11-29-00-the-sangoma-who-lives-for-science|url-status=live}}</ref> Mabele bụ onye a na-eme ngagharị iwe n'afọ 2004 mgbe ihe karịrị ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala 500 gara ngagharị iwe iji nye ya akwụkwọ mkpesa megide Mgbasa Ozi Ọgwụgwọ (TAC). Nsogbu bụ na TAC na-akwalite naanị ARV na ọgwụ ọdịnala ndị ọzọ.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} {{Blockquote | text = Ndị na-enye onyinye kwụsịrị inye ndị otu nkwado ego n'ihi na ha abụghịzi ejiji. Mana Pru maara eziokwu ahụ, nke bụ na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eme na mkparịta ụka, n'oge ọ na-ewe iji nọdụ ala na ibe ha. Ndị otu ahụ bụ nkwado ndụ mmetụta uche maka ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ, ndị ndụ ha gbawara agbawa ma chọọ ka obi ha dị n'otu. Pru rụrụ ọrụ ahụ. Ọ gara leta ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na-eru uju. Mgbe e gburu ndị lesbian nwanyị, Pru gara. Mgbe nwanyị ọzọ nwere HIV nwụrụ, Pru nọ ebe ahụ. Mgbe e gburu otu nwanyị, Pru nọ n'ihu. E sere ya ihe, mee ka ọ dị mma, olu ya gbapụrụ agbapụ, na-eku ume n'ọnụ ya, na-akpọ iyi ma na-egwu egwu ma na-agba ọsụsọ, ọ nọ ebe ahụ. | author = [[Sisonke Msimang]] | title = The Pied Piper of the broken-hearted: HIV activist Prudence Mabele | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-07-12-prudence-mabele-my-guide-to-the-new-south-africa|title=The Pied Piper of the broken-hearted: HIV activist Prudence Mabele|last=Msimang|first=Sisonke| author-link= Sisonke Msimang|work=The M&G Online|access-date=2017-07-13|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720092653/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-07-12-prudence-mabele-my-guide-to-the-new-south-africa|url-status=live}}</ref> }} ==Gender advocacy== Mabele bụ onye na-akwadosi ike ịkwụsị ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ma bụrụkwa onye otu nke One in Itoolu Campaign. Otu n'ime Itoolu malitere na nzaghachi nye [[w:ikpe mmeko nwoke na nwanyị Jacob Zuma|ikpe mmeko nwoke na nwanyị]] nke Jacob Zuma, onye bụ osote onyeisiala n'oge ahụ. A kpọrọ otu n'ime Itoolu aha maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na naanị otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Itoolu na South Africa na-akọ akụkọ mpụ nye ndị uwe ojii, ihe akaebe doro anya gbasara etu ndị uwe ojii na usoro ikpe si dị mfe ịnweta ma ghara ịnabata ha na SA..<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/prudence-nobantu-mabele/|title=Prudence Nobantu Mabele – African Feminist Forum|date=2016-03-24|work=African Feminist Forum|access-date=2017-07-16|language=en-US|archive-date=28 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828144010/http://www.africanfeministforum.com/prudence-nobantu-mabele/|url-status=live}}</ref> O kwuru sị, "Ekwenyere m na àgwà ụmụ nwanyị na-edu ndú dị mkpa karịa ọnụọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị na-edu ndú"."<ref name=":3" /> Mabele so n'ime ndị guzobere mkpọsa [[w:Ntọrọ ụmụ agbọghọ Chibok | Bring Back Our Girls]] nke South Africa.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ihe nkiri akpọrọ "Sunshine Boutique".''.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ==Ihe nrite na mmata== Mabele natara nsọpụrụ nke ibu ọkụ Olympic dịka akụkụ nke ngagharị ọkụ mba ụwa maka Olimpiks 2004 na Gris.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ natara ọtụtụ ihe nrite ikike mmadụ n'oge ọrụ ya. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ihe nrite Nwanyị nke Obi Ike site na SOS Children's Villages, ihe nrite nwanyị kachasị elu nke Gauteng Provincial Government, nkwanye ùgwù maka itinye aka na ihe omume HIV/AIDS na ihe nrite nkwanye ùgwù maka nzaghachi ebe ọrụ Eskom.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://whoswho.co.za/prudence-mabele-6344|title=Prudence Mabele |work=Who's Who SA|language=en|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723172836/http://whoswho.co.za/prudence-mabele-6344|url-status=live}}</ref> Na 1999, International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission nyere ya ihe nrite Felipa de Souza.<ref name="Felipa">{{cite web |title=A Celebration of Courage: Felipa Awardees 1994–1999 |url=https://outrightinternational.org/content/celebration-courage-felipa-awardees-1994-1999 |website=OutRight Action International |accessdate=18 August 2020 |language=en |date=1 May 1999 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714051620/https://outrightinternational.org/content/celebration-courage-felipa-awardees-1994-1999 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Ọnwụ na ihe nketa== Mabele nwụrụ site na oyi baa n'ahụ na Julaị 10, 2017, mgbe ọ dị afọ 45.<ref name="BBC" /> Iji mee emume ncheta ihe nketa ya, International AIDS Society guzobere onyinye ego ruru $25,000 maka ndị na-akwado okike, nke Ford Foundation, Open Society Foundations na Positive Women's Network of South Africa] kwadoro]]. E nyere Duduzile Dlamini onyinye mbụ na Amsterdam na 2018.<ref name="PMP">{{cite web |title=Prudence Mabele Prize presented to South African sex work activist Duduzile Dlamini at AIDS 2018 |url=http://www.aids2018.org/Media-Centre/The-latest/Press-releases/ArticleID/179/Prudence-Mabele-Prize-presented-to-South-African-sex-work-activist-Duduzile-Dlamini-at-AIDS-2018 |website=AIDS 2018 |accessdate=18 August 2020 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518194806/http://www.aids2018.org/Media-Centre/The-latest/Press-releases/ArticleID/179/Prudence-Mabele-Prize-presented-to-South-African-sex-work-activist-Duduzile-Dlamini-at-AIDS-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] i4h0rgb26w79slin11a7cn12tnowfg0 Event:Expanding Igbo verb entries on wiktionary 1728 81266 743573 742394 2026-11-06T07:07:33Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project worklist with links */ 743573 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Expanding verb entries on Igbo Wiktionary== ===Project Overview=== This project aims to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating new verb entries. It will involve identifying undocumented verbs, verifying their meanings and spellings, and adding relevant definitions, grammatical information, usage examples, and translations where appropriate. The project seeks to fill gaps in Igbo-language content, make Igbo vocabulary more accessible to speakers, learners, translators, and researchers, and support the preservation and digital development of Igbo in line with Wikimedia’s goals of expanding free knowledge and linguistic diversity. ===Project Goals=== The goal of this project is to expand Igbo language content on Wiktionary by creating 100 new verb entries. It aims to fill existing content gaps, improve access to reliable Igbo vocabulary resources, and support the preservation and digital development of the Igbo language. ===Project Timeline=== November 6–November 30, 2026 ===Project worklist with links=== {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !New verb created !Link |{{Doing}} |- |1. |Bịa | | |- |2. |Buo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Buo | |- |3. |Bata | | |- |4. |Batara | | |- |5. |Banye | | |- |6. |Biri | | |- |7. |odide | | |- |8. |Buga | | |- |9. |Chịa | | |- |10. |Cheta | | |- |11 |ọdịda | | |- |12. |ịda | | |- |13. |Gbatuo | | |- |14. |Chịta | | |- |15. |Chịba | | |- |16. |Chinye | | |- |17. |Chipụta | | |- |18. |Chụpụ | |- |19. |Chụọ | |- |20. |Chọpụta | |- |21. |Chuo | |- |22. |Chute | |- |23. |Chituo | |- |24. |Ichu | |- |25. |Ịchụ | |- |26. |Ịchọ | |- |27. |Dee | |- |28. |Gbadata | |- |29. |Gbaba | |- |30. |Gbasaa | |- |31. |Gbuo | |- |32. |Gbute | |- |33. |Igbu | |- |34. |igbu | |- |35. |jụọ | |- |36. |jụpụta | |- |37. |jụta | |- |38. |Kute | |- |39. | |- |40. |Kuru | |- |41. |Kee | |- |42. |kagbuo | |- |43. |jee | |- |44. |jide | |- |45. |Kụdaa | |- |46. |kelee | |- |47. |Kesaa | |- |48. |Kutuo | |- |49. |Kilie | |- |50. |Ikili | |- |51. |laa | |- |52. |lọta | |- |53. |nlọta | |- |54. |ikele | |- |55. |ikesa | |- |56. |Kugbuo | |- |57. |Ikugbu | |- |58. |nleta | |- |59. |nnyocha | |- |60. |nlele | |- |61. | | |- |62. | 6a81uuxsjfn3593uow2puyb53h8mrov Vincent Olise 0 81283 743588 743065 2026-11-06T10:15:53Z Vixissimi 67214 743588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Olise'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Musa |first=Musa |date=2 November 2020 |title=Remembering our heroes past...Vincent Olise |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921063635/https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |archive-date=21 September 2026 |access-date=20 September 2026 |website=[[Nigeria Cricket Federation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 2, 1960),<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Musa |first=Musa |date=2 November 2020 |title=Remembering our heroes past...Vincent Olise |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921063635/https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |archive-date=21 September 2026 |access-date=20 September 2026 |website=[[Nigeria Cricket Federation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a na-akpọ Pa Feelings, bụ onye Britain-Naịjiria bụbu onye egwuregwu kriket mba ụwa nke gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu kriket mba Naịjirịa site na 1983 ruo 1990. O meriri National Cricket League na Oyo State na 1985, n'afọ sochirinụ, o nyeere otu ahụ aka imeri asọmpi nke asaa ha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 1986 |title=Oyo Seven Times Cricket Champions |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/nnda/?a=d&d=nnda19860604-01.1.14&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN---------- |access-date=6 October 2026 |website=[[New Nigerian]]}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Blackwood |first=Emily |date=16 July 2026 |title=All About French Soccer Player Michael Olise's Parents, Vincent and Mina Olise |url=https://people.com/all-about-michael-olise-parents-12015122 |access-date=15 October 2026 |website=[[People Magazine]]}}</ref> Olise malitere ọrụ ya na 1977 na-anọchite anya otu egwuregwu kọleji ya na Ughelli. Ọ bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke ọma mana ọ malitere dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ na onye na-agba bọọlụ, wee mechaa bụrụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke mbụ n'aka nri. Na 1983, Olise mere egwuregwu mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka otu egwuregwu kriket mba Naịjirịa. Na asọmpi Quadrangular nke West Africa megide Gambia, o meriri wicket iri niile n'otu innings nke ruru ndekọ mba nke Chris Enahoro setịpụrụ. Olise nọchitere anya mba ahụ n'ụwa niile ruo afọ 1990. Olise kwagara London na 1990 ma nwee ọkpụ egwu n'ime klọb kriket nke Bekee ruo afọ 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 July 2026 |title=Michael Olise: 'My father played cricket for Nigeria' |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/michael-olise-my-father-played-cricket-for-nigeria/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260920205428/https://guardian.ng/sport/michael-olise-my-father-played-cricket-for-nigeria/ |archive-date=20 September 2026 |access-date=20 September 2026 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 1982 |title=30 Cricket Players Invited for Trials |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/nnda/?a=d&d=nnda19820304-01.1.13&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN---------- |access-date=6 October 2026 |website=[[New Nigerian]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na kriket, Olise ejeela ozi dịka dikọn na Hayes Town Chapel dị na West London. Ọ bụ nna nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ Michael na Richard Olise.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gamra |first=Fahra Ben |date=9 July 2026 |title=Who Are Michael Olise's Parents? Inside the Lives of Father Vincent & Mother Mina |url=https://athlonsports.com/soccer/who-are-michael-olises-parents-inside-the-lives-of-father-vincent-mother-mina |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921031032/https://athlonsports.com/soccer/who-are-michael-olises-parents-inside-the-lives-of-father-vincent-mother-mina |archive-date=21 September 2026 |access-date=22 September 2026 |website=[[Athlon Sports]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Blackwood |first=Emily |date=16 July 2026 |title=All About French Soccer Player Michael Olise's Parents, Vincent and Mina Olise |url=https://people.com/all-about-michael-olise-parents-12015122 |access-date=15 October 2026 |website=[[People Magazine]]}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1960]] 0c25i4qftsnbcjnb9ip2cpome7sl9um 743589 743588 2026-11-06T10:16:19Z Vixissimi 67214 743589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Olise'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Musa |first=Musa |date=2 November 2020 |title=Remembering our heroes past...Vincent Olise |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921063635/https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |archive-date=21 September 2026 |access-date=20 September 2026 |website=[[Nigeria Cricket Federation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 2, 1960),<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Musa |first=Musa |date=2 November 2020 |title=Remembering our heroes past...Vincent Olise |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921063635/https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2020/11/02/remembering-our-heroes-past-vincent-olise/ |archive-date=21 September 2026 |access-date=20 September 2026 |website=[[Nigeria Cricket Federation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> nke a na-akpọ Pa Feelings, bụ onye Britain-Naịjiria bụbu onye egwuregwu kriket mba ụwa nke gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu kriket mba Naịjirịa site na 1983 ruo 1990. O meriri National Cricket League na Oyo State na 1985, n'afọ sochirinụ, o nyeere otu ahụ aka imeri asọmpi nke asaa ha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 1986 |title=Oyo Seven Times Cricket Champions |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/nnda/?a=d&d=nnda19860604-01.1.14&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN---------- |access-date=6 October 2026 |website=[[New Nigerian]]}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Blackwood |first=Emily |date=16 July 2026 |title=All About French Soccer Player Michael Olise's Parents, Vincent and Mina Olise |url=https://people.com/all-about-michael-olise-parents-12015122 |access-date=15 October 2026 |website=[[People Magazine]]}}</ref> Olise malitere ọrụ ya na 1977 na-anọchite anya otu egwuregwu kọleji ya na Ughelli. Ọ bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke ọma mana ọ malitere dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ na onye na-agba bọọlụ, wee mechaa bụrụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke mbụ n'aka nri. Na 1983, Olise mere egwuregwu mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka otu egwuregwu kriket mba Naịjirịa. Na asọmpi Quadrangular nke West Africa megide Gambia, o meriri wicket iri niile n'otu innings nke ruru ndekọ mba nke Chris Enahoro setịpụrụ. Olise nọchitere anya mba ahụ n'ụwa niile ruo afọ 1990. Olise kwagara London na 1990 ma nwee ọkpụ egwu n'ime klọb kriket nke Bekee ruo afọ 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 July 2026 |title=Michael Olise: 'My father played cricket for Nigeria' |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/michael-olise-my-father-played-cricket-for-nigeria/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260920205428/https://guardian.ng/sport/michael-olise-my-father-played-cricket-for-nigeria/ |archive-date=20 September 2026 |access-date=20 September 2026 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 1982 |title=30 Cricket Players Invited for Trials |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/nnda/?a=d&d=nnda19820304-01.1.13&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN---------- |access-date=6 October 2026 |website=[[New Nigerian]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na kriket, Olise ejeela ozi dịka dikọn na Hayes Town Chapel dị na West London. Ọ bụ nna nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ [[Michael Olise]] na [[Richard Olise]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gamra |first=Fahra Ben |date=9 July 2026 |title=Who Are Michael Olise's Parents? Inside the Lives of Father Vincent & Mother Mina |url=https://athlonsports.com/soccer/who-are-michael-olises-parents-inside-the-lives-of-father-vincent-mother-mina |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921031032/https://athlonsports.com/soccer/who-are-michael-olises-parents-inside-the-lives-of-father-vincent-mother-mina |archive-date=21 September 2026 |access-date=22 September 2026 |website=[[Athlon Sports]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Blackwood |first=Emily |date=16 July 2026 |title=All About French Soccer Player Michael Olise's Parents, Vincent and Mina Olise |url=https://people.com/all-about-michael-olise-parents-12015122 |access-date=15 October 2026 |website=[[People Magazine]]}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1960]] 2r8r6j06vs7thkgzzz4c22cn8a65zcv