Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7437 743846 742340 2026-11-08T00:46:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2015).png|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.ogg|Audio}}; 15 September 1977) bụ onye odee akwụkwọ si na mba [[Nigeria]]. Amuru Adichie na obodo [[Enugu]]. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na [[Mahadum nke Nigeria]]. N'ebe ahụ, oji otu afọ na ọkara wee gụọ akwụkwọ gbasara ọgwụ. Ọ hapụrụ mba Naijiria gaba mba [[Amerika]] mgbe odi afo iri na-iteghete. Na mba Amerika, o bidoro akwụkwo na [[Drexel University]] nke di na [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọgụkwara na [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], na [[Yale University]]. Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ Adichie degara nwere ngalaba obibi na [[Nsukka]] ebe azulitere ya na ntakiri. Ọbụ mgbe ọ na agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum ka obidoro debe akwụkwo. Ọ buru ụzọ dee akwukwo abụ ana-akpọ ''Decisions'' n'afọ 1997, nke n'eso ya bụ ''For Love of Biafra'' n'afọ 1998. Ọ turu ugo na mmara ndị mmadu mgbe ọdechara akwụkwọ akụkọ izizi ya bụ ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. Adichie akpọla [[Chinua Achebe]] na [[Buchi Emecheta]] ndị ndu ya na ihe odide. Ihe ndị odegoro gbasara ukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ jikọtara ndị ọcha na ndị ojii okachasi site na [[Ndị Igbo|ala Igbo]]. Adichie ma ekwu okwu ọha. Ọnyekwala ọtụtụ okwu mmechi na mmeghe akwụkwo mahadum di iche iche nke gụnyere [[Williams College]] (2017), [[Harvard University]] (2018), na [[American University]] (2019). Ọnyere okwu ndị [[TEDx]] ana-akpọ "The Danger of a Single Story" n'afọ 2009 ya na "We Should All Be Feminists" n'afọ 2012. Ụfọdụ okwu ya ka onye na ede ma na eto egwu [[Beyoncé]] tinyere na egwu ya akpọrọ ''Flawless''. Adichie atụrụla ọtụtụ ugo na ngalaba ịgụ akwụkwọ na ide akwụkwọ dịka [[MacArthur Fellowship]] n'afọ 2008 ma nnabata na otu ndị [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] n'afọ 2017. == Ndụ na mmalite == Aha enyere Adichie mgbe amụrụ ya bụ aha bekee Grace.<ref name="punchng">{{Cite news |last=Olonilua |first=Ademola |date=2 January 2021 |title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie |url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Amụrụ ya na 15 September n'afọ 1977 dika nwatakịrị nke ise na obodo [[Enugu]] nke Nigeria. Nne na nna ya bu [[ndi Igbo]].{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Akinyoade|2021}} Nna ya bụ [[James Nwoye Adichie]] onye Abba, obodo nke di na ora [[Anambra]]. Nne ya bụ Grace Odigwe, onye [[Umunnachi]].{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} Nna ya gụrụ mathematics na mahadum ana-akpọ [[University College, Ibadan]] ma tupu ọgụchaa akwụkwọ n'afọ 1957, ọ nụrụ Grace na 15 April n'afọ 1963,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} wee kpọrọ ya jee [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] ebe ọgụrụ akwụkwọ maka ngalaba PhD na [[University of California|Mahadum nke Kalifornia]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Mgbe ha nọ na mba Amerika, nne na nna Adichie mụtara ụmụaka nwaanyị abuo: ljeoma Rosemary na Uchenna.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Nna ya lotara mba Nigeria ma bido ọrụ nkụzi na [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] n'afo 1966.{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}} Nne ya bidoro akwụkwọ mahadum nke ya n'afọ 1964 na [[Merritt College]] nke di na [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California ebe ọ nwetara ngalaba na agụmakwụkwọ sociology mechakwaa nwetakwa ngalaba anthropology nke sitere na Mahadum nke Naijiria.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Mgbe [[Agha Biafra]] bidoro n'afọ 1967, nna Adichie malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Biafran Manpower Directorate nke bu ụlọ ọrụ [[Biafra]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Nne na nna ukwu Adichie nwụrụ na agha ahu.{{sfn|Adichie|2006}} Mgbe agha ahu kwụsịrị n'afọ 1970, nna ya laghachiri na Mahadum nke Naijiria,{{sfn|''The Sun''|2020}}{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} ebe nne ya, onye ruru ọrụ na Enugu wee rue afọ 1973, bia bụrụ onye ọrụ na ndị isi ebe ahu; ọ mechara bụrụ [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] ma burukwa onye izi bu nwaanyị malitere ya bu ọrụ.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}}{{sfn|Martin|2014}} Adichie nọrọ n'ụlọ obibi Mahadum nke Naijiria, n'ụlọ odee akwụkwọ bụ [[Chinua Achebe]] biri ikpeazụ.{{sfn|Murray|2007}} Umunne ya bụ Ijeoma Rosemary, Uchenna "Uche", Chukwunweike "Chuks", Okechukwu "Okey", na Kenechukwu "Kene".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|''The Sun''|2019}} Dika nwatakịrị, Adichie gụrụ naanị akwụkwọ akụkọ edere na-asụsụ bekee ọ kachasị nke [[Enid Blyton]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Akwukwo ndị ọzọ ọgụrụ dika nwatakịrị gụnyere akwụkwọ ebe ndị akoro akụkọ ha bụ ndị ọcha, ma nwee anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ha niile bu maka mba Britain.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe o ruru afọ iri, ọ chọpụtara n'onwe ya akụkọ gbasara ndị [[Afrịka]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ dịka ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Chinua Achebe,{{sfn|Murray|2007}} ''[[The African Child]]'' nke [[Camara Laye]],{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ''[[Weep Not, Child]]'' nke [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] dere, na ''[[The Joys of Motherhood]]'' nke [[Buchi Emecheta]] dere.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'afọ iri na atọ ejiri mụọ ya, Adichie bidoro ịgụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nna ya degara gbasara [[Biafra]]. Na njem ha na eje kwa afọ na obodo ha bụ Abba, ọ hụgara ụlọ gbachara ọkụ na mkpụrụ egbe gbachara nchara jupụtara na ala; ihe niile a bụ ihe ga enyere ya aka iji dee ụfọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na nnata Sakramenti nke Nkwenye ana akpọ Konfameshọn na ụka Katoliki, Adichie zara Amanda. Ọbụ aha ahu k'ọzara n'akwụkwọ ya ndi mbu.<ref name="punchng"/>{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}}{{sfn|Anya|2005}} N'agụmakwụkwọ ya, a kụziiri Adichie ihe n'asụsụ Igbo ya na Bekee.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ Igbo abụghị ihe a ma ama, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ahụ n'oge niile ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum Nigeria, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta kacha elu nke sitere na otu [[West African Examinations Council]] (WAEC){{sfn|Anya|2005}} na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Nigeria, ebe ọ gụrụ ọgwụ na ọrụ ọgwụ (medicine and pharmacy) ruo otu afọ na ọkara.{{sfn|Agbo|2018b}} Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ''The Compass'', nke bu magazin mahadum nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-elekọta.{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1997, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Adichie bipụtara ''Decisions'', nke bu nchịkọta uri, ma mesịa kwaga United States,{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} ka ọ gụọ maka ọmụmụ gbasara nkwukọrịta (Mass communications) na [[Drexel University]] dị na [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} N'afọ 1998, o dere egwuregwu a na-akpọ ''For Love of Biafra'', nke bụ mbọ mbụ o gbara iji nyochaa isiokwu gbasara agha.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} E dere ọrụ ndị a mbụ n'okpuru aha bụ́ Amanda N. Adichie.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023}} Afọ abụọ ka ọ kwagara United States, ọ gbanwere gaa [[Eastern Connecticut State University]] dị na [[Willimantic, Connecticut]], ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Ijeoma, onye nke bụkwa dọkịta, bi.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}} N'afọ 2000, Adichie bipụtara obere akụkọ ya akpọrọ "My Mother, the Crazy African",{{sfn|Adichie|2000}} nke na-atụle nsogbu ndị na-ebilite mgbe mmadụ na-ebi n'etiti omenala abụọ dị nnọọ iche n'ebe ibe ha nọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=297–298}} Mgbe ọ gụchara nzere mbụ ya na mahadum, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe ya ma na-achụkwa ọrụ ide ihe n'otu oge ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} Mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Eastern Connecticut, ọ na-ede edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mahadum ahụ bụ ''Campus Lantern.''{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya n'ọkwa kachasị elu (nke a maara dị ka ''[[summa cum laude]]'') na ngalaba sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya na ngalaba nkwukọrịta dị ka obere ngalaba ọmụmụ, n'afọ 2001.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Braimah|2018}} Ọ nwetara nzere mastas na ide akụkọ ifo (creative writing) site na [[Johns Hopkins University]] n'afọ 2003,{{sfn|Braimah|2018}}{{sfn|Krieger|2015}} ma n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hodder Fellow na [[Princeton University]], ebe ọ kụziri ihe gbasara mmalite ide akụkọ ifo.{{sfn|Tunca|2011}}{{sfn|''Business Day''|2016}} Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ihe na [[Yale University]], ma gụchaa nzere mastas nke abụọ na ngalaba ọmụmụ gbasara Afrịka (African studies) n'afọ 2008.{{sfn|Mullane|2014}}{{sfn|Tunca|2011}} N'otu afọ ahụ, Adichie nwetara onyinye [[MacArthur Fellowship]],{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} tinyere ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ohere mmemme [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University]] maka afọ 2011–2012.{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} == Ọrụ == ===2003: Mmalite odide akwụkwọ na mbipụta izizi=== Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba Amerịka, Adichie malitere odide akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]''. {{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} mgbe ọ dechara ya, ozigara akwụkwọ edemede ya nye ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị jụrụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ ya ka ọ gbanwee ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ site na Afrịka gaa na Amerịka, ka o wee mee ka ọ mara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, Djana Pearson Morris, onye nnọchi anya odee akwụkwọ n'ihu ndị mbiputa akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Pearson Morris na Belt Literary Management, nabatara akwụkwọ edemede ahụ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bụ ezie na Morris ghọtara na ahịa ga-esiri ike ebe Adichie bụ onye ojii mana ọ bụghị onye Africa-America ma ọ bụ onye Caribbean, o nyefere ya ndị mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ ruo mgbe [[Algonquin Books]], obere ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya, nabatara ma bipụta ya na 2003. Na 2004, [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na United Kingdom, ebe [[Kachifo Limited]] bipụtara ya na Naịjirịa.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} N'oge ahụ, Adichie were onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ Sarah Chalfant nke [[Andrew Wylie (onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ)|Wylie Agency]] ka ọ nọchite anya ya. Atụgharịala ''Purple Hibiscus'' n'ihe karịrị asụsụ iri anọ.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} ===2006–2012: mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ na atọ=== Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Adichie malitere ide nke abụọ ya ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ruo afọ anọ. N'ihi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaara [[agha Biafra]],{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006}} Adichie jiri akụkọ nna ya gbasara ya bu agha, tinyere ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Buchi Emecheta]] nke afọ 1982 nke ana-akpọ ''[[Ebe Biafra Na-aga]]''.{{sfn|McGrath|2006}}{{sfn|Busby|2017}} E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ n'afọ 2006 site n'aka [[Vintage Books|Anchor Books]], akara azụmaahịa nke [[Alfred A. Knopf]], onye wepụtakwara akwụkwọ ahụ n'okpuru akara Vintage nke di na Kanada. E bipụtara ya ọzọkwa na mba France dịka {{lang|fr|L'autre moitié du soleil}} n'afọ 2008 site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]].{{sfn|Madueke|2019|page=49}} Mgbe ọ na-emecha mmemme Hodder na MacArthur n'afọ 2008, Adichie malitere ịchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi o bipụtalarị na magazin dị iche iche.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Akụkọ iri na abụọ ka chịkọtara n'akwụkwọ nke atọ ya na nchịkọta akụkọ obere akụkọ mbụ ya, ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', nke Knopf bipụtara n'afọ 2009.{{sfn|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} N'otu afọ ahụ, o nyere nkuzi ndi [[TED (conference)|TED]] nke akpọrọ "[[The Dangers of a Single Story]]".{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Na 15 Maachị 2012, Adichie ghọrọ onye kacha nta n'ime ndị kacha nta n'ime [[Commonwealth Foundation|Commonwealth Lecture]].{{sfn|Calkin|2013}}{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} E mere ihe ngosi a na [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] na London, na-ekwu maka isiokwu bụ "Ịjikọ Omenala".{{sfn|Stephen-David|2013}} Na 2012 kwa, o kwuru okwu isiokwu ya bụ "[[Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị (okwu)|Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụzọ Ụmụ Nwanyị]]" maka TEDxEuston na London.{{sfn|Wagner|2015}}{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} ===2013–2019: ''Americanah'' na ''Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions''=== [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nwanyị nọ ọdụ n'oche na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ, gbara ya gburugburu site na ìgwè mmadụ ndị ọzọ|Adichie n'oge ịgụ na ịbị aka n'akwụkwọ ọrụ ya ''[[Americanah]]'' na [[Berlin]], Germany (2014)]] Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ Adichie dere by ''[[Americanah]]'' nke e bipụtara na 14 Mee n'afọ 2013 site n'aka Alfred A. Knopf.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} E bipụtara ya na France site n'aka [[Éditions Gallimard]] na 2015.{{sfn|''France 24''|2015}} Ọ bụ onye edemede nleta na [[Mahadum Michigan–Flint]] na 2014. Usoro nleta ndị edemede Afrịka a ma ama/Ndị nka Afrịka na ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ chọrọ ka ọ soro ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi si ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum, ndị na-akwado ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ógbè ahụ, na obodo ahụ dum na mkparịta ụka, ogbako, na nkuzi ndị tụlere ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Americanah'', na ahụmịhe ide ihe nkeonwe ya. E tinyere obere ihe nkiri sitere na okwu ya bụ "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu" na "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe Ike n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" n'ụfọdụ ihe omume ma kparịta ya n'isiokwu ajụjụ na azịza mgbe e mechara ihe ngosi ya dị iche iche.{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=3}} Na 2015, Adichie kwuru okwu mmalite maka [[Wellesley College]].{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}} O so hazie [[PEN World Voices|PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature]] nke 2015 na New York City, ya na onye nduzi ememme ahụ bụ Laszlo Jakab Orsos.{{sfn|Lee|2015}}{{sfn|Sefa-Boakye|2015}} O mechiri emume ahụ site na nkuzi ya bụ "Arthur Miller Freedom to Write" gbasara mmachibido iwu na mmegide megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} N'afọ 2015, Adichie dere ozi email nye enyi ya ma mechaa tinye ya na [[Facebook]] na 2016. Okwu ndị e kwuru gbasara post ahụ mere ka o kweta ịtụgharị post ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'',{{sfn|Greenberg|2017}} nke e bipụtara na 2017.{{sfn|Bhuta|2018|p=319}} Na 2016, [[BBC]] kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa na ''[[Newsnight]]'' ma kwuo echiche ya gbasara ntuli aka nke [[Donald Trump]] nke 2016]. Mgbe ọ rutere na studio ahụ, a gwara ya na usoro ahụ ga-abụ arụmụka n'etiti ya na [[R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.]], onye na-akwado Trump na [[onye nchịkọta akụkọ]] nke ''[[The American Spectator]]'', magazin nchekwa.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}}{{sfn|Cain|2016}} Mgbe ọ chọrọ ịpụ na ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o kpebiri ịga n'ihu n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịtụle echiche ya gbasara otu enweghị ikike akụ na ụba si mee ka Trump merie.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Arụmụka ahụ ghọrọ ihe mmegide mgbe Tyrrell kwuru, sị: "Anaghị m azaghachi mmetụta uche dị ka nwanyị a,"{{sfn|Cain|2016}} wee kwupụta na "Trump abụghị onye ịkpa ókè agbụrụ".{{sfn|''Mgbọrọgwụ''|2016}} Adichie jụrụ okwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka na nkwupụta Trump na Onyeikpe [[Gonzalo P. Curiel]] enweghị ike ịnọ n'ihu n'okwu ahụ ''[[Trump Mahadum#Low megide Mahadum Trump, LLC|Low megide Mahadum Trump]]'' n'ihi ihe nketa ya na Mexico.{{sfn |''Mkpọrọgwụ''|2016}} Mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị, o dere na ibe Facebook ya na ọ dị ya ka BBC na-eche ya ihu, na ha "ji aghụghọ [na-agba ya] megide onye na-akwado Trump" iji mepụta ntụrụndụ mmegide. Na nzaghachi, BBC rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ịghara ịgwa ya ụdị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, mana o kwuru na ha chepụtara mmemme ahụ iji nye echiche ziri ezi.{{sfn|Cain|2016}} [[Faịlụ:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2020 (cropped).jpg|alt=Nwanyị guzoro n'elu ikpo okwu. E nwere mbadamba ihe n'elu ikpo okwu ebe ọ na-agụ ihe.|left|thumb|Adichie n'elu ikpo okwu onye na-ekwu okwu n'oge {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}}, [[Santiago]], Chile, na 2020]] Adichie kwuru okwu Eudora Welty nke abụọ kwa afọ na 8 Nọvemba 2017 na [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] na Washington, D.C.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} N'afọ ahụ, o kwukwara okwu na nnọkọ mba ofesi nke e mere na Mahadum Johns Hopkins gbasara adịghị ike nke olileanya n'ihu ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a.{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} Adichie na [[Hillary Clinton]] kwuru okwu PEN World Voices Festival nke 2018, Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture na [[Cooper Union]] na Manhattan. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na nnyocha, ajụjụ Adichie mere gbasara ihe mere profaịlụ Clinton [[Twitter]] ji malite site na "nwunye" kama ihe ndị o mere ghọrọ isi ihe ndị mgbasa ozi na-elekwasị anya, {{sfn|Abimbola|2018}}{{sfn|Grady|2018}}{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} kpaliri Clinton ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ya na Twitter.{{sfn|Adebayo|2018}} Mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, o kwuru okwu na [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] na Germany gbasara imebi usoro nke na-eme ka olu ụmụ nwanyị ghara ịdị mma.{{sfn|Saeed|2018}} Na 2019, dịka akụkụ nke usoro nkuzi nke Chancellor, o kwuru okwu "Onye edemede, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-achọ ihe: onye na-egosi ndụ" na Langford Auditorium nke [[Vanderbilt University]]. Okwu ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ọganihu ya dịka onye na-akọ akụkọ, na ihe kpatara ya ji emeso enweghị nha anya n'usoro iji mepụta ụwa nke na-agụnye mmadụ niile.{{sfn|Gonçalves|2019}} Adichie abụrụla onye isi okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako ụwa.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|pp=218–219}} Na 2018, o kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Igbo nke asaa kwa afọ.{{sfn|Ekpo|2018}} O kwuru okwu na Mgbakọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ nke Hilton nke [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] na 2019.{{sfn|Rios|2019}} O kwuru okwu gbasara ime ihe ike na nkuzi Gabriel García Márquez nke mbụ na [[Cartagena, Colombia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.{{sfn|Rojas|2019}} Adichie bụ onye Afrịka mbụ kwuru okwu na Ụbọchị Klas nke [[Yale University]], ebe o kwuru okwu nkuzi n'afọ 2019.{{sfn|''Vanguard''|2019}} ===2020–ugbu a: Mbipụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, mgbasa ọrụ=== Na 2020, Adichie bipụtara "Zikora", akụkọ dị mkpirikpi gbasara mmekọahụ na ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di,{{sfn|Law|2020}} na edemede akpọrọ "Ndetu na Iru újú" na ''[[The New Yorker]]'', mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. O gbasaa edemede ahụ ka ọ bụrụ [[Ndetu gbasara mwute|akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] bipụtara n'afọ sochirinụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021a}}{{sfn|Lozada|2021}} N'afọ 2020, Adichie bipụtara ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' na mbipụta maka ụmụaka, nke Leire Salaberria sere.{{sfn|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} E nyere ikike maka ntụgharị ya maka mbipụta na asụsụ Croatian, French, Korean, Portuguese, na Spanish.{{sfn|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021|p=109}} O kwuru okwu isi okwu na 2020 {{ill|Congreso Futuro|es}} (Ọgbakọ Ọdịnihu) na [[Santiago]], Chile.{{sfn|Espinoza Cárdenas|2020}} Ọ bụ onye isi okwu n'emume akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Reykjavik nke afọ 2021 nke emere na sinima {{lang|is|Háskólbíó}} na [[Mahadum nke Iceland]], ma kwuo okwu ahụ bụ "In Pursuit of Joy: On Storytelling, Feminism, and Changing My Mind".{{sfn|''RIKK''|2021}} Na 30 Nọvemba 2022, Adichie kwuru okwu mbụ n'ime [[BBC]] nke afọ 2022 [[Reith Lectures]], nke sitere n'okwu [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] nke "[[Four Freedoms]]" kpaliri.{{sfn|BBC Radio|2022}} Adichie ji otu afọ na ọkara rụọ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke ụmụ ya, ''[[Mama's Sleeping Scarf]]'', nke e dere na 2019 ma bipụta ya na 2023 site na ya. [[HarperCollins]] n'okpuru aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James".{{efn|Aha njirimara "Nwa Grace na James" bụ nraranye Adichie nyere ndị mụrụ ya, dịka Nwa pụtara "child" n'asụsụ bekee.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}}{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}}}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2022}} Ihe osise maka akwụkwọ a bụ nke Joelle Avelino, onye di mba Congo na Angola.{{sfn|Ibeh|2022}} N'afọ 2025, Adichie bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ''[[Dream Count]]'', nke bụ akụkọ gbasara ụmụ nwanyị anọ si Africa, bụ ndị ndụ ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ka ha na-eche ihu ịhụnanya, mfu, na ntachi obi n'ofe Naịjirịa na Amerịka.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cummins |first=Anthony |date=2 Maachị 2025 |title=Dream Count nke Chimamanda Ngozi Nyocha Adichie - mkparịta ụka doro anya na ndị enyi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends |access-date=8 Maachị 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mgbe ewepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ a, Adichie malitere njem nleta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, yana mmemme ndị dị mkpa emere na Lagos (June 27), Abuja (Julaị 3), na Enugu (Julaị 5).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Njem Nrọ Adichie nke Ịlaghachi n'Ụlọ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ Foto |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke njem ya, Adichie jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu dị mkpa na [[Things Fall Apart Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |last2=Chijioke |first2=Arinze |date=2025-07-09 |title=‘Anyị ga-adị n'otu’: Mkpu Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na emume akwụkwọ Naịjirịa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/09/we-must-unite-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigerian-literature-festival-igbo-culture |access-date=2026-07-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2025-05-14 |title=Chimamanda Adichie ga-abụ isi okwu maka emume Things Fall Apart nke 2025 na Enugu |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ụdị na isiokwu == === Ụdị ide ihe === Adichie ji ma Igbo ma Bekee mee ihe n'ọrụ ya,{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|pages=73–74}} yana ahịrịokwu Igbo e gosiri na italics, wee soro ya na ntụgharị Bekee.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=78}} Ọ na-eji ihe atụ iji kpalite ahụmịhe mmetụta uche,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọbịbịa nke eze iji maa ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndú okpukpe aka na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na-anọchite anya [[Palm Sunday]].{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=225}} Ojiji ya nke asụsụ na-ezo aka na ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' nke Achebe na-akpọku ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ncheta ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Dube|2019|pages=226–227}} N'otu aka ahụ, aha Kambili, agwa dị na ''Purple Hibiscus'', na-akpọ "{{lang|ig|i biri ka m biri}}" ("Dị Ndụ ma Ka Ndụ"), aha egwu nke onye egwu Igbo [[Oliver De Coque]].{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=7}} Iji kọwaa ọnọdụ tupu agha na mgbe agha gasịrị, ọ na-esi n'ezi ihe gaa n'ọkacha njọ dịka a hụrụ na ''Half of a Yellow Sun'', ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya malitere site n'imepe friji wee hụ oroma, biya, na "ọkụkọ na-egbuke egbuke". Ndị a dị iche na nke e mesịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe otu n'ime ndị agwa ya nwụrụ n'ihi agụụ, a manyekwara ndị ọzọ iri àkwá na ngwere ntụ ntụ.{{sfn|Mbah|2015|page=352}} Adichie na-ejikarị ebe ndị dị adị na ndị ama ama akụkọ ihe mere eme dọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'akụkọ ya.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=312}} N'ịmepụta agwa, Adichie na-ejikarị echiche ya eme ihe iji tụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti omenala ọdịnala na nke ọdịda anyanwụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=295}} Akụkọ ya na-egosikarị omenala ndị dara ada, ọkachasị ndị na-ahapụ agwa ya n'ọnọdụ dị njọ n'etiti nhọrọ ọjọọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=305}} Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-emepụta agwa dị ka [[archetype]] nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke omume omenala iji mepụta [[Foil (akụkọ)|foil]] maka agwa dị mgbagwoju anya karị.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} ==== Omenala ndi Igbo ==== Adichie na-enye ndị odide ya aha a na-akpọkarị maka agbụrụ e bu n'obi, dịka [[Muhammad (aha)|Mohammed]] maka agwa Alakụba.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=5–6}} Maka ndị Igbo, ọ na-emepụta aha ndị na-egosi omenala aha Igbo ma na-egosipụta àgwà, àgwà, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|pages=2–3}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', aha agwa ahụ bụ Ọlanna pụtara n'ezie "Ọlaedo Chineke", mana Nwankwọ na-ekwu na "ọla" pụtara ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa ebe "nna" pụtara Chineke nna ma ọ bụ nne na nna.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=5}} Site n'ịhapụ aha Igbo a ma ama, Adichie na-eme ka ndị odide ya nwee ọtụtụ agbụrụ, okike na ọtụtụ, zuru ụwa ọnụ. personas.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} Ọ naghị eji aha Bekee eme ihe maka agwa Afrịka mana, mgbe ọ na-eme ya, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ iji gosipụta àgwà ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|p=4}} Adichie jiri ihe osise sitere na ọdịnala ọnụ Igbo mee ihe iji gosipụta eziokwu n'ụdị [[akụkọ ifo akụkọ ihe mere eme]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|pages=18–19}} Ọ na-emebi omenala n'ụzọ dị iche na akwụkwọ ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ anaghị anọghị na Naịjirịa [[Canon (ụkpụrụ bụ isi)|akwụkwọ edemede]],{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=77}} na a na-elegharakarị ndị inyom anya ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nkwado maka ndị ikom na-etinye aka na ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo ahụ.{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|pages=87–88}} Ụdị ejiji ya na-elekwasịkarị anya na ụmụ nwanyị siri ike ma na-agbakwụnye echiche nwoke na nwanyị na isiokwu ndị ndị edemede ndị ọzọ nyochaburu, dị ka ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta ike.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=80}}{{sfn|Vanzanten|2015|page=90}} Adichie na-ekewakarị ndị odide n'ime klaasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji gosipụta enweghị nghọtahie na usoro ọdịnala.{{sfn|Ndula|2017|pp=32}}{{sfn|Sharobeem|2015|p=26}} Site n'iji akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị odide nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ, dịka ọ na-ekwughachi n'okwu TED ya, "Ihe Ize Ndụ nke Akụkọ Otu", ọ na-ezipụ ozi na enweghị otu eziokwu gbasara ihe gara aga.{{sfn|Ejikeme|2017|p=309}} Adichie na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha mata ọrụ nke ha nye ibe ha, na ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} Ọkà mmụta Naịjirịa bụ Stanley Ordu na-akọwa echiche nwanyị Adichie dị ka [[Nwanyị|onye na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị]] n'ihi na nyocha ya banyere usoro nna ochie gafere mmeso mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị na [[Misandry|onye na-achọghị nwoke]], kama ile anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. na nsogbu agbụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu iji lanarị ma soro ụmụ nwoke na-arụkọ ọrụ.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|pp=61–63}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Purple Hibiscus'', agwa Anti Ifeoma na-egosi echiche nwanyị site n'ime ka ndị ezinụlọ niile rụọ ọrụ dịka otu na nkwenye, ka e wee jiri talent onye ọ bụla mee ihe ruo n'ókè kachasị elu ha nwere.{{sfn|Ordu|2021|p=70}} N'ọrụ ya dịka ide ihe na ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha, Adichie tinyere ihe ọchị, ma jiri okwu [[anecdote]]s, okwu njakịrị na okwu mkparị mee ka otu echiche pụta ìhè.{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Anthony|2023}} Adichie etolitela echiche [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] nke oge a gbasara okwu gbasara okike, na-ebelata mmasị n'ụzọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ si ahụ Afrịka ma na-enwekwu mmasị n'otú Afrịka si ahụ onwe ya.{{sfn|Dabiri|2015}} === Isiokwu di iche iche === N'ime mkparịta ụka Adichie na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] na 2011, o kwuru na isi ihe dị n'ọrụ ya bụ ịhụnanya.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=111}} Site n'iji arụmụka ndị inyom "[[Onye ahụ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]", ịhụnanya n'ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị site na njirimara omenala, njirimara onwe onye na ọnọdụ mmadụ, na otu esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si emetụta atọ ahụ.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Adichie na-enyochakarị njikọ nke klaasị, omenala, okike, (mgbe-) ọchịchị alaeze ukwu gasịrị, ike, agbụrụ na okpukperechi.{{sfn|Dube|2019|page=222}} Ọgụ bụ isiokwu kachasị mkpa n'akwụkwọ ndị Afrịka,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=76}} ọrụ ya na-agbaso omenala ahụ site n'inyocha ezinụlọ, obodo, na mmekọrịta.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} Nnyocha ya gafere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba maka ikike, ma na-enyochakarị ụmụ mmadụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=90}} Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka otu ndị odide ya si eme ka ha na ndị nwere mwute dị na ndụ ha{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=84}} na otu ha si agbanwe site n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị olu na ndị na-enweghị olu gaa n'inwe ike onwe ha na inwe ike ịkọ akụkọ nke ha.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=85–86}} Ọrụ Adichie na-enyochakarị njirimara omenala,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|p=295}} karịsịa njirimara Igbo nke na-eme emume asụsụ Igbo na [[omenala Igbo|omenala]], ma na-egosi ịhụnanya mba Afrịka, n'ozuzu ya.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|p=74}} Ide ihe ya bụ mkparịta ụka ebumnobi ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, ebumnuche iweghachite ùgwù na mmadụ nke ndị Afrịka.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|p=111}} Isi okwu na-emegharị n'ọrụ Adichie bụ Agha Biafra. Agha ahụ bụ "oge doro anya" n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọchịchị Naịjirịa gasịrị, inyocha esemokwu ahụ na-egosi ụzọ e si hazie njirimara mba ahụ. ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'', ọrụ ya dị mkpa n'agha ahụ, na-egosi etu amụma, nrụrụ aka, nkwenye okpukpe na esemokwu si mee ka a chụpụ ndị Igbo wee manye ha ịbanyeghachi na mba ahụ.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=79}}{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ihe abụọ a mere nwere ihe si na ya pụta, Adichie na-egosikwa agha ahụ dị ka ọnyá na-agwọbeghị n'ihi na ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị achọ idozi nsogbu ndị kpalitere ya.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=3}} Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka pụtara ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Adichie iji gosi mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ n'ịzụlite mmụọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma gosipụta mkpali nke [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African psychology]] na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe na ''Half of a Yellow Sun''. Ọ pụtara na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na ''Americanah'' dị ka ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eguzogide ọchịchị aka ike site na [[nnupụisi obodo]] na [[Mkpesa|nkwenye]].{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=20}} Mahadum ahụ na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọchịchị ma na-emepụta ụzọ isi lụso mgbagwoju anya ya ọgụ site na [[ihe ọmụma ọdịnala|ihe ọmụma ndị obodo]],{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} site n'ịghọta na akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị na-akọ naanị akụkụ nke akụkọ ahụ ma na-ebelata onyinye ndị Africa.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=22}} Adichie gosipụtara nke a na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ {{lang|ig|Odenigbo|italics=no}}, kọwara nwa okorobịa ya n'ụlọ, {{lang|ig|Ugwu|italics=no}}, na ọ ga-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Niger] otu nwoke ọcha aha ya bụ [[Mungo Park (onye na-enyocha)|Mungo Park]] chọtara Osimiri]], ọ bụ ezie na ndị obodo ahụ azụọla azụ̀ n'osimiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Agbanyeghị, Odenigbo dọrọ Ugwu aka ná ntị na, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ banyere nchọpụta Park bụ ụgha, ọ ghaghị iji azịza na-ezighi ezi mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-ada ule ya.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|page=21}} Ọrụ Adichie gbasara [[ndị Africa bi na mba ọzọ]] na-enyocha isiokwu nke ịbụ onye otu, mgbanwe na ịkpa ókè mgbe niile.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=296}} A na-egosikarị nke a dị ka agụụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ma a na-egosipụta ya site na ndị odide na-agbanwe aha ha,{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=297}} isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akụkọ ifo Adiche, nke na-egosi ihu abụọ.{{sfn|Tunca|2010|pages=299–300}} Site n'iji isiokwu nke mbata na ọpụpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi agbanwe echiche na njirimara nke ndị odide ya site na ibi na mba ọzọ na izute omenala dị iche iche.{{sfn|Bragg|2017|p=130}} N'ime "Dear Ijeawele ma ọ bụ A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions" ọ tụlere isiokwu njirimara nke na-apụta na "Purple Hibiscus"', "Half of a Yellow Sun"', na "The Thing Around Your Neck" dịka echiche efu nke ọdịdị ahụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ntutu isi ha na ihe ha na-eme.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=1–2}} "Dear Ijeawele" na-emesi ike mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke iji aha ndị Africa eme ihe,{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=2–3}} ịjụ [[Mkpawa dabere na agba akpụkpọ ahụ|agba]],{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=3–4}} na-egosipụta nnwere onwe ikwu okwu n'otú ha si eyi ntutu isi ha (gụnyere ịjụ ịchọ ịmata ihe gbasara ya){{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=5}} na izere [[commodification]], dị ka ule alụmdi na nwunye, nke Na-ebelata uru nwanyị gaa na nke ihe nrite, na-ahụ naanị uru ya dị ka nwunye nwoke.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|p=6}} Ndị inyom ya na-ajụkarị ka a kọwaa ha site na echiche ndị na-adịghị mma ma na-achọ ike ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Sebola|2022|pp=6–7}} Ọrụ Adichie na-ekwukarị banyere nchọpụta ezinụlọ n'etiti ọgbọ dị iche iche, na-enye ya ohere inyocha ahụmịhe dị iche iche nke mmegbu na nnwere onwe. Na ''Purple Hibiscus'' na "[[Onye Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Isi]]", Adichie lere isiokwu ndị a anya site na iji ezinụlọ dị ka obere ihe nnọchianya nke ime ihe ike.{{sfn|Egbunike|2017|p=26}} Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma n'ime mmekọrịta alụmdi na nwunye nna ochie na n'èzí alụmdi na nwunye, bụ isiokwu Adichie na-ejikarị enyocha mgbagwoju anya na ókèala ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nwoke idina nwoke n'ihe gbasara alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkọ dịka "Transition to Glory", na isiokwu ndị a machibidoro iwu dịka mmetụta ịhụnanya maka ndị ụkọchukwu na "Purple Hibiscus", yana ịrata enyi nwoke enyi ya na "Light Skin". Ịpụ nwa,{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=81}} ịbụ nne na nsogbu nke ịbụ nwanyị bụ isiokwu ndị na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ Adichie, a na-enyochakwa ha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, [[nna nna]], na atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.{{sfn|Hewett|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}}{{sfn|Daniels|2022|p=54}} Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akụkọ dị mkpirikpi "Zikora", ọ na-ekwu maka akụkụ ndị dị ndụ, omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ịghọ nne na atụmanya ndị a na-atụ anya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|p=179}} Akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọdịda nke mgbochi ime na afọ ime a na-atụghị anya ya, ịhapụ onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, ịbụ nne na-alụbeghị di, nrụgide mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nsogbu njirimara Zikora, na mmetụta dị iche iche ọ na-enwe gbasara ịghọ onye nne.{{sfn|Roifah|2021|pp=182–183}} Isiokwu ndị na-apụtakarị bụ mgbaghara na aghụghọ, dịka ọ dị na ''Ọkara Anyanwụ Odo'', mgbe Olanna gbaghaara onye hụrụ ya n'anya ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ mkpebi Ifemelu ikewapụ onwe ya na enyi ya nwoke na ''Americanah''.{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=112}} Nnyocha Adichie banyere agha na-eme ka a mata otú akụkụ abụọ nke esemokwu ọ bụla si eme ihe ike na ọ dịghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-ata ụta maka ime ihe ike na-apụta. Akụkọ ya na-egosi na ihe ọmụma na nghọta nke klaasị na agbụrụ dị iche iche dị mkpa iji mepụta obodo dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche.{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}} Ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ bụ isiokwu ugboro ugboro na ''Purple Hibiscus'', ''Ọkara nke Anyanwụ Odo'' na ''Ihe Gbara Olu Gị'';{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=5}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|pp=79–80}} isiokwu ndị a na-egosi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na ngosipụta n'ime ọha mmadụ nke iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.{{sfn|Carotenuto|2017|p=173}} == Echiche == === Ejiji === [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|alt=Front cover of a print magazine|Adichie on the cover of ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' in 2014]] Adichie, n'isiokwu e dere na 2014 maka ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',{{sfn|Adichie|2014}} dere na "ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ka a na-ewere ha nke ọma kwesịrị igosi na ha dị mkpa site n'enweghị mmasị n'ọdịdị ha."{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=411}} Dịka o si kwuo, echiche ndị ọdịda anyanwụ dị iche na otú e si zụlite ya na Naịjirịa ebe nlebara anya mmadụ na ejiji na-adabere na oke ùgwù na nsọpụrụ ọha mmadụ ga-enye ya.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}} O kwuru na a na-ekpe ndị mmadụ ikpe otú ha si eyi uwe.{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} N'ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịma mma, ejiji, ụdị na enweghị nha anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Adichie malitere ịkwado [[ahụ dị mma]] dị ka ụzọ isi nweta [[Agency (sociology)|agency]].{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=216}}{{sfn|Mannur|2017|p=412}} Agụnyere Adichie na ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''{{'}}s 2016 [[International Best Wressing Hall of Fame List|International Best-Wered List]], ma kpọọ [[Michelle Obama]] dị ka onye a ma ama n'ụdị ejiji ya.{{sfn|''Vanity Fair''|2016|p=144}}{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} N'afọ ahụ, [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], onye nduzi okike nwanyị mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ejiji French [[Dior]], gosipụtara na nchịkọta mbụ ya uwe elu T-shirt nwere aha okwu TED nke Adichie, "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ihe Niile Ndị Na-eme Ihe Banyere Ụmụ Nwanyị".{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Medrano|2016}} O juru Adichie anya mgbe ọ matara na Dior enwebeghị nwanyị na-achị ngalaba ihe okike ya ma kweta ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Chiuri, onye kpọrọ ya òkù dịka onye ọbịa a na-asọpụrụ ka ọ nọdụ n'ahịrị ihu nke ihe ngosi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'oge oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2016 [[Izu Ejiji Paris]].{{sfn|Medrano|2016}}{{sfn|Brockes|2017}}{{sfn|Ryan|2017}} Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na Adichie na-amakarị echiche ndị na-adịghị mma gbasara ụmụ nwanyị aka site na ntụnyere na ejiji. O kwuru na ikwe ka Dior gosipụta ederede ya bụ ụzọ dị mma isi jiri ụdị mgbasa ozi dị iche iche zie ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kamakwa ịzụlite aha ya dị ka "ihe ngosi transmedia" nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ ọgụgụ isi, akwụkwọ na ejiji.{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=168}} Ọ ghọrọ ihu nke [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)#Nke. 7 Protect & Perfect Intense Beauty Serum|Nke 7]], ngalaba ihe ịchọ mma nke ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ Britain [[Boots (ụlọ ọrụ)|Boots]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2016}} N'ozi Facebook ya nke afọ 2016 nke akpọrọ ''Dear Ijeawele, ma ọ bụ Ihe ngosi ụmụ nwanyị n'ime aro iri na ise'', Adichie rụrụ ụka na ibelata ịdị mma nwanyị na ngosipụta ya site na ejiji na etemeete bụ "akụkụ nke omenala nke ịkpa oke mmekọahụ".{{sfn|Safronova|2016}} Na 8 Mee 2017, Adichie kwupụtara mkpọsa "Wear Nigerian" ya na ibe Facebook ya.{{sfn|Idowu|2017}}{{sfn|Hobdy|2020}} O hiwere akaụntụ [[Instagram]] nke ụmụnne ya nwanyị Chisom na Amaka jisiri ike,{{sfn|Idowu|2017}} wee nweta ihe dị ka 600,000 Ndị na-eso ụzọ.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=218}} Dịka Adichie si kwuo, ebumnuche ya bụ inyere aka chebe ihe nketa omenala Naịjirịa site n'igosipụta ụdị ọrụ aka na ojiji nke usoro, ihe na ákwà ọhụrụ e ji aka rụọ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na Naịjirịa na-eji.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=217}} O meriri [[Shorty Awards|Shorty Award]] na 2018 maka mkpọsa ahụ,{{sfn|Agbo|2018a}} na na 2019 ahọpụtara ya dịka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ga-apụta na mkpuchi nke ''[[British Vogue]]'' na mbipụta nke onye ọbịa deziri nke [[Meghan, Duchess nke Sussex]].{{sfn|''The Irish Times''|2019}} Na mkparịta ụka 2021 na [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] ya na onye bụbu Chancellor nke Germany, [[Angela Merkel]], na ndị nta akụkọ [[Miriam Meckel]] na [[Léa Steinacker]], Adichie kwuru na ọ na-ejikarị ejiji akụziri ndị mmadụ gbasara ụdịdị dị iche iche.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2021}} === Nkwerechi === Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere Adichie dịka [[Ụka Katọlik|Katọlik]], ọ na-ewere echiche ya, ọkachasị ndị gbasara echiche ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ihe na-emegide okpukperechi ya mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raised Catholic |url=https://www.chimamanda.com/external_articles/raised-catholic/ |access-date=3 Maachị 2026 |website=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka esemokwu okpukperechi bilitere na Naịjirịa n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na Ndị Alakụba na 2012, ọ gbara ndị ndu ume ka ha kwusaa ozi udo na ịdị n'otu.{{sfn|Shariatmadari|2012}} Adichie kwuru na mmekọrịta ya na Katọlik dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ọ na-amata omenala dịka Katọlik, mana ọ na-eche na ilekwasị anya na ego na ikpe ọmụma nke Chọọchị adabaghị na ụkpụrụ ya.{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} Na mmemme 2017 na [[Mahadum Georgetown]], o kwuru na ọdịiche dị n'echiche dị n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Ndị ndu [[Church Mission Society]] kpatara nkewa n'obodo Naịjirịa n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nakwa na ọ hapụrụ chọọchị ahụ n'oge e mere emume nhọpụta nke [[Pope Benedict XVI]] na 2005.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} O kwetara na ozizi [[Pope Francis]], onye a họpụtara na 2013, na ọmụmụ nwa ya nwanyị na 2016 dọtara ya azụ n'okpukpe Katọlik ma kpalie mkpebi ya ịzụlite nwa ya dị ka onye Katọlik.{{sfn|Pongsajapan|2017}} Ka ọ na-erule 2021, Adichie kwuru na ya bụ [[Onye Kraịst aha ya bụ onye Katọlik]] ma na-aga naanị [[Mass n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik|Mass]] mgbe ọ hụrụ [[Onye Kraịst na-aga n'ihu|obodo na-aga n'ihu]] nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ụmụ mmadụ. O mere ka o doo anya na "Echere m na m bụ onye na-enweghị ike ịmata ihe dị na ya ma na-ajụ ajụjụ".{{sfn|Augoye|2021}} N'afọ ahụ, e bipụtara echiche ya gbasara akwụkwọ ozi Pope Francis ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'' n'asụsụ Itali na mbipụta nke ise nke ọnwa Julaị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Vatican ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}}{{sfn|Adichie|2021}} N'isiokwu ya nke afọ 2021 bụ "{{lang|it|Sognare come un'unica umanità|italics=no}}" ("Ịrọ nrọ dị ka mmadụ na-alụbeghị di"), Adichie chetara na a na-akatọ ya n'olili nne ya maka ịkatọ ilekwasị anya na Chọọchị n'ego, mana o kwetakwara na emume Katọlik nyere ya nkasi obi n'oge iru újú ya.{{sfn|Sarr|2021}} === Ikike nwoke idina nwoke na nwoke === Adichie bụ onye na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Afrịka]] ma na-akwado [[ikike LGBT na Naịjirịa]].{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} Mgbe Naịjirịa tinyere iwu megidere nwoke idina nwoke na nwanyị na 2014, ọ so n'ime ndị edemede Naịjirịa jụrụ iwu ahụ, na-akpọ ya ihe megidere iwu, ikpe na-ezighị ezi na "ihe dị ịtụnanya nye mba nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ezie". O kwuru na ndị toro eto na-egosi ibe ha ịhụnanya emerụghị ọha mmadụ ahụ, kama na iwu ahụ "ga-eduga na mpụ ime ihe ike".{{sfn|Useni|2014}} Adichie bụ ezigbo enyi na onye edemede Kenya [[Binyavanga Wainaina]] onye pụtara n'ihu ọha na 2014.{{sfn|Malec|2017}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2019}} Onye edemede Bernard Dayo kwuru na [[ihe ọmụma]] Adichie gwara Wainaina na 2019 dọtara mmụọ nke "onye na-akwado LGBTQ [nke] ụwa akwụkwọ Africa ebe a ka na-emeso nwoke idina nwoke dị ka echiche dị nro."{{sfn|Dayo|2019}} === Ntinye nwoke na nwanyị site na nwoke === Kemgbe afọ 2017, Adichie na-akparịta ụka n'ihu ọha mgbe ụfọdụ gbasara okwu gbasara transgender, ụfọdụ na-ebokwa ya ebubo na ọ bụ [[transphobia]].{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} N'ajụjụ ọnụ [[Channel 4]] nke afọ 2017, Adichie kwuru na ahụmịhe nke nwanyị "biri ndụ dịka nwoke, nwere ihe ùgwù ụwa nyere ụmụ nwoke" abụghị otu ahụmịhe ahụ dịka "nwanyị nke, site na mbido, biri n'ụwa dịka nwanyị".{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} N'ihe o dere na Facebook, o dere na ụmụ nwanyị transgender na ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ dị iche, mmadụ nwekwara ike ikweta ọdịiche ndị ahụ na-enweghị imebi ma ọ bụ belata ahụmịhe ndụ nke otu ọ bụla.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}} O mesiri ike na a na-eme ka ụmụ agbọghọ na-akpakọrịta n'ụzọ ndị na-emebi uru onwe ha, nke nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide ná ndụ ha niile, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-erite uru site na uru nke ihe ùgwù nwoke, tupu mgbanwe.{{sfn|Crockett|2017}}{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=820}} Esemokwu ahụ pụtara ọzọ na 2020 mgbe Adichie kwupụtara nkwado maka [[J. Edemede K. Rowling]] gbasara okike na mmekọahụ, mgbe ọ kpọrọ ya "ihe ezi uche dị na ya" n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain, ''The Guardian''.{{sfn|Allardice|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ kpalitere mmeghachi omume [[Twitter]] site n'aka ndị nkatọ echiche ya, nke gụnyere onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na otu n'ime [[Ọrụ Ndị Odee (ọrụ)|Ọrụ Ide Ihe]] nke Adichie, [[Akwaeke Emezi]].{{sfn|Akhabau|2020}}{{sfn|Okafor|2020}} Na nzaghachi, Adichie dere "Ọ Bụ Ihe Ọjọọ: Echiche Eziokwu n'Akụkụ Atọ" wee biputere ya na weebụsaịtị ya na June 2021, na-akatọ ojiji nke mgbasa ozi ọha iji kwupụta mkpesa.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2021b}}{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Ihe ndị a N'ọnwa, ụmụ akwụkwọ obodo LGBT na [[Mahadum Cape Town]], South Africa, jụrụ ikwu okwu ihu ọha ya n'ogige ha.{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=354}} Adichie kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na [[Otosirieze Obi-Young]] na Septemba na "ihe mwute dị ukwuu" maka mmeghachi omume ahụ nakwa na n'oge esemokwu ahụ, ọ gụrụ ihe ọ bụla ọ hụrụ na isiokwu trans iji nyere ya aka ịghọta ihe na-eme.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, Adichie nwetara nkatọ ọzọ maka echiche ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị ajụjụ ọnụ ọzọ na "The Guardian" mgbe ọ sịrị, "Ya mere, onye yiri nwanne m nwoke—ọ na-asị, 'Abụ m nwanyị', wee banye n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ ụmụ nwanyị, otu nwanyị wee sị, 'Ị gaghị anọ ebe a', ọ nọkwa "Ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-akpọ mmadụ asị?"{{sfn|Ring|2022}}{{sfn|Williams|2022}}{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Magazin ahụ ''[[PinkNews]]'' kwuru na Adichie "anaghị enwe mmetụta" nakwa na ọ na-eji "okwu ọjọọ".{{sfn|Baska|2022}} Ọkammụta Cheryl Stobie kwuru na Adichie kwadoro "echiche nkewa nke okike".{{sfn|Stobie|2021|p=355}} Onye nchọpụta B. Camminga kwuru na aha Adichie mere ka okwu ya banyere ụmụ nwanyị trans na-akpọ mmadụ asị dịkwuo elu ma mechie olu ụmụ nwanyị Africa ndị ọzọ, ma ndị trans na ndị cis, ọnụ.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=819}} == Ndụ nkeonwe == Adichie bụ onye ụka [[Katọlik]].{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Na nwata, ya na ezinaulo ya na-eje ụka na St. Paul, Abba.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} Ọ bi na mba Amerika{{sfn|Pearce|2017}} ma nwekwa ụlọ na Naijiria.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} N'afọ 2009, ọ lụrụ Ivara Esege.{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Ha nwere ụmụ atọ; amụrụ nwa ha nwanyị n'afọ 2016,{{sfn|Chutel|2016}} ya na ejima nwoke n'afọ 2024 site na ụzọ surrogacy dịka Adichie si kwuo n'ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ''[[The Guardian]]'' jụrụ ya.{{sfn|Edwardes|2025}}{{sfn|Lee|2025}} Otu n'ime ejima ahụ nke aha ya bụ Nkanu Nnamdi nwụrụ na 7 January 2026 mgbe ọ dị ọnwa 21, mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa.{{sfn|Ige|2026}}{{sfn|Glynn|2026}} Adichie kwuru ihe kpatara ọnwụ nwa ya nwoke bụ nleghara anya ahụike nke ụlọọgwụ Euracare dị na Lagos, ebe anabatara Nkanu. Akụkụ nke nleghara anya ahụ, dịka ya si kwuo, gụnyere ịjụ ikuku, na ime ka nwatakịrị ahụ daa jụụ nke butere [[njide obi]]. N'agbanyeghi ulọọgwụ ahụ gosiri mwute ha na-eje onwu nwa Adichie nọ, ha ekwetaghi ebubo ndị ahụ.{{sfn|Okafor|2026}} A malitere nnyocha gbasara ọnwụ Nkanu na 14 Eprel 2026.{{sfn|Ewokor|2026}} Emesịri kwụsị ya bụ nyocha n'ihi ntinye aka nke aatụghị anya ya sitere n'aka ọkaiwu ukwu nke Steeti Lagos.{{sfn|Oduah|2026}} Na 2 Mee 2015, a tọọrọ nna Adichie ma mesịa tọhapụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.{{sfn|Lee|2015}} Nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa n'afọ 2020 ebe nne ya, n'oge ọrịa [[COVID-19]],{{sfn|Broom|2021}} nwụrụ n'afo 2021.{{sfn|''This Day''|2021}} == Ihe ncheta == === Mmetụta oha === [[Larissa MacFarquhar]] nke ''The New Yorker'' kwuru na Adichie "a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mkpa na nke mbụ n'ọgbọ ya".{{sfn|MacFarquhar|2018}} Asụgharịala ọrụ ya n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 30.{{sfn|Luckett|2018|p=155}} Obi-Young Otosirieze kwuru n'akụkọ mkpuchi ya gbasara Adichie maka magazin Naịjirịa ''[[Open Country Mag]]'' na Septemba 2021, na "akwụkwọ akụkọ ya... mebiri mgbidi n'akwụkwọ mbipụta. ''Purple Hibiscus'' gosiri na e nwere ahịa mba ụwa maka akụkọ ifo ndị Africa mgbe Achebe gasịrị [na] ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' gosiri na ahịa ahụ nwere ike ichebara akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị Africa echiche".{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}} N'isiokwu mbụ e bipụtara na ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', o kwuru na ''Half of a Yellow Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sun''{{'}}s wepụtara na 2006 rere mkpụrụ 500,000, ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa maka akwụkwọ, tupu Ọktoba 2009 na UK naanị.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}} Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ 'Americanah' rere mkpụrụ 500,000 na US n'ime afọ abụọ nke ewepụtara ya na 2013.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2017}}{{sfn|Germain|2015}} {{Ruo|2022}}, "The Danger of a Single Story" enwetala ihe karịrị nde 27.{{sfn|Kumolu|2022}} Ruo 1 Septemba 2023, okwu ahụ bụ otu n'ime mkparịta ụka TED 25 kachasị elele n'oge niile.{{sfn|Assheton|2023}} Dịka Lisa Allardice, onye nta akụkọ na-ede maka ''The Guardian'', Adichie si kwuo. ghọrọ "nwa agbọghọ mara mma maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a mgbe okwu TED Talk ya nke afọ 2012 bụ́ 'Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị' batara n'ọkwa dị iche iche ma kesaa ya n'ụdị akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka niile dị afọ 16 na Sweden".{{sfn|Allardice|2020}} Adichie aghọọla "onye ama ama n'ụwa niile maka ụmụ nwanyị" na "onye na-eche echiche ọha" dịka onye nta akụkọ Lauren Alix Brown si kwuo.{{sfn|Brown|2017}} Akụkụ nke okwu TEDx nke Adichie bụ́ "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Nwanyị" ka e tinyere n'abụ "[[Flawless (Abụ Beyoncé)|Flawless]]" nke [[Beyoncé]] dere na 13 Disemba 2013.{{sfn|Kiene|2016}} Adichie kwuru okwu megide ndị nkatọ bụ́ ndị mechara jụọ onye ọbụ abụ ahụ akwụkwọ ikike ịbụ onye inyom n'ihi na ọ na-eji mmekọahụ ya "eme ka anya nwoke na nwoke dị mma". N'ịgbachitere Beyoncé, Adichie kwuru, sị: "Onye ọ bụla kwuru na ha bụ ndị inyom nwere ọbara ọbara."{{sfn|Danielle|2014}} Ọkà mmụta Matthew Lecznar kwuru na ọkwa Adichie dị ka "otu n'ime ndị edemede na ndị inyom nwere ọtụtụ ihe a ma ama n'oge a" nyere ya ohere iji onye ama ama ya "gosipụta ike nke uwe ma nye ndị mmadụ ike site na ọnọdụ dị iche iche ịnakwere [ejiji]... nke nwere ihe niile metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke njirimara".{{sfn|Lecznar|2017|p=169}} Ndị ọkà mmụta Floriana Bernardi na Enrica Picarelli kwuru na nkwado ya maka ụlọ ọrụ ejiji Naịjirịa nyere aka itinye Naịjirịa "n'ihu" n'ime mmegharị iji ejiji dị ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama n'ụwa niile nke inye ike.{{sfn|Bernardi|Picarelli|2022|p=220}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na nyocha nke agụmakwụkwọ na Naịjirịa, katọrọ amụma nke ibuli ndị ọkà mmụta elu n'oge. O kwuru na agụmakwụkwọ, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara ụmụ mmadụ, kwesịrị ịma aka n'iwu na usoro iji mee ka nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ amaala na gọọmentị sikwuo ike. O tụrụ aro ka a na-elekwasị anya site n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta bụ ndị na-emetụta ndị ọkà mmụta ndị ọzọ gaa n'ịkwado ndị ọkà mmụta na-eji nkà ha enyere steeti aka ma na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ nye ndị ntorobịa Naịjirịa. Adichie so n'ime ndị o chere na ha ruru eru dị ka "ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi", bụ ndị "kwalitere ókè nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - mural Ciudad Lineal (cropped).jpg|thumb|287x287px|Adichie on the [[Concepción Feminist Mural]] in [[Madrid]], Spain]] E tinyere akwụkwọ Adichie nke akpọrọ "Half of a Yellow Sun" n'ime [[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|fim nke otu aha ahụ]] nke [[Biyi Bandele]] duziri na 2013.{{sfn|Felperin|2013}} Na 2018, e tinyere eserese Adichie na [[mgbidi mgbidi]] na Municipal Sport Center na [[Concepción (Madrid)|Concepción barrio]] nke [[Madrid]], ya na ụmụ nwanyị iri na anọ ndị ọzọ. Ndị agbata obi họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị iri na ise ahụ iji gosipụta ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na akụkọ ntolite ma jee ozi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke nha anya. Ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ meriri ihe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme iji wepụ ihe osise ahụ na 2021 site na mkpesa nke mbinye aka a nakọtara.{{sfn|''El Mundo''|2021}} Luke Ndidi Okolo, onye nkuzi na [[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]] kwuru:{{sfn|Okolo|2016|p=12}} {{Blockquote|text=Adichie dere na-akọwa isiokwu na isiokwu doro anya ma dị elu. Mana isiokwu na isiokwu abụghị ihe ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka. Ihe dị iche na ihe dị iche na ihe osise Chimamanda Adichie nke Purple Hibiscus bụ ụdị ejiji ya - nhọrọ ya nke atụmatụ asụsụ na akwụkwọ, yana usoro ojiji nke atụmatụ ndị ahụ na njikọta dị egwu nke echiche na echiche nke ndị odide.}} Ọrụ Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ ihe nrite.{{sfn|Ishaya|Gunn|2022|page=75}}{{sfn|Hewett|2005|page=75}} Ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ dịka Daria Tunca dere na ọrụ Adichie dị mkpa nke ukwuu ma kwuo na ọ bụ olu dị mkpa na [[Ọgbọ nke Atọ nke Ndị Ode Akwụkwọ Naịjirịa]],{{sfn|Tunca|2010|page=306}} ebe Izuu Nwankwọ kpọrọ atụmatụ aha Igbo ya mepụtara dị ka "ụdị nka", nke o mere ka ọ zuo oke n'ọrụ ya.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=3}} O toro ikike ya itinye asụsụ Igbo na ihe ọ pụtara na Ederede Bekee n'emeghị ka akụkọ ahụ ghara ịdị mma ma ọ bụ gbagọọ akụkọ ahụ.{{sfn|Nwankwọ|2023|page=8}} N'ikpe nke [[Ernest Emenyonu]], otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta kacha pụta ìhè na [[akwụkwọ Igbo]],{{sfn|Igwe|2017|p=7}} Adichie bụ "olu kacha elu ma na-adọrọ mmasị n'oge ya" ma ọ kọwara ya dị ka "onye na-akọ akụkọ kacha elu n'Africa".{{sfn|Abba|2021|p=2}} [[Toyin Falola]], prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, toro ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ, dị ka "ndị dike nwere ọgụgụ isi".{{sfn|Olaopa|2022}} Leslie Gray Streeter nke ''[[The Independent]]'' kwuru na echiche Adichie banyere iru újú "na-eme ka mmetụta uche a zuru ụwa ọnụ na-atọ ụtọ, nke bụkwa otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee ihe ọmụma zuru ụwa ọnụ. zere."{{sfn|Streter|2021}} A maara ya nke ọma dịka "ada akwụkwọ Chinua Achebe".{{sfn|Tunca|2018|page=109}} Jane Shilling nke ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' kpọrọ ya "onye na-eme ka akụkọ dị mfe dịka abụ nnụnụ".{{sfn|Shilling|2009}} Adichie enwetala otuto dị ukwuu maka okwu na nkuzi ya.{{sfn|Camminga|2020|p=818}}{{sfn|Anasuya|2015}}{{sfn|Wagner|2015}} Prọfesọ mgbasa ozi na nkwukọrịta Erika M. Behrmann, onye nyochachara okwu Adichie nke TEDxEuston, "Anyị Kwesịrị Ịbụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe n'Ụmụ Nwanyị" toro ya dịka "onye nwere onyinye n'akụkọ", onye nwere ike iso ya kparịta ụka nke ọma. ndị na-ege ntị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=315}} Agbanyeghị, Behrmann katọrọ enweghị mkparịta ụka n'okwu ahụ gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke njirimara ndị mmadụ na ntụkwasị obi Adichie na okwu abụọ (nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị, nwoke/nwanyị), nke hapụrụ "obere ohere iche echiche na inyocha otu ndị transgender na ndị na-eme ihe n'omume ụmụ nwanyị" si enye aka ma ọ bụ emetụta ha site na omume ụmụ nwanyị.{{sfn|Behrmann|2017|p=316}} Emenyonu kwuru na "okwu ya, blọgụ, echiche ya na mgbasa ozi ọha, edemede na nkọwa, nkuzi ogbako maka ndị edemede na-eto eto na mkparịta ụka nkuzi... gbasaa ma kọwaa ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede".{{sfn|Ememyonu|2017|p=1}} Ọkà mmụta Grace Musila kwuru na akara Adiche gụnyere aha ya dị ka onye edemede, onye ọha na eze, na onye na-emepụta ejiji, nke mere ka ikike ya na echiche ya dịkwuo elu karịa agụmakwụkwọ. okirikiri.{{sfn|Musila|2020|p=807}} === Otito Ihe ndị odere === {{Main|Ndepụta ihe nrite na nhọpụta nke Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie natara}} Adichie nwetara [[MacArthur Fellowship]] na 2008,{{sfn|Irvine|2008}} ya na ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere 2011–2012 Fellowship nke [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study na Harvard University]].{{sfn|Okachie|2011}} Na 2002, a họpụtara ya maka [[Caine Prize for African Writing]] maka akụkọ ya bụ "Ị nọ n'Amerịka".{{sfn|Anya|2005}}{{sfn|Caine Prize|2009}} O meririkwa asọmpi akụkọ mkpụmkpụ [[BBC World Service]] maka "That Harmattan Morning", ebe akụkọ mkpụmkpụ ya bụ "The American Embassy" meriri na 2003 [[O. Ihe nrite Henry]] na ihe nrite David T. Wong International Short Story Prize site na [[PEN International]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya nke afọ 2003, ''Purple Hibiscus'', nabatara nke ọma, wee nweta nyocha dị mma.{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} Akwụkwọ a rere nke ọma ma nye ya ihe nrite [[Commonwealth Foundation prize|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] maka Akwụkwọ Kachasị Mma (2005), [[Hurston/Wright Legacy Award]], a kpọkwara ya aha maka [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize for Fiction]] (2004).{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}}{{sfn|Obi-Young|2018}} ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' (2006) nwetara ihe nrite ọzọ otuto, gụnyere mmeri nke ihe nrite Orange maka akụkọ ifo na 2007,{{sfn|Majendie|2007}} [[International Nonino Prize]] (2009),{{sfn|Medeossi|2009}}{{sfn|Ogwude|2011|p=122}} na [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]].{{sfn|''Leadership''|2018}} Nchịkọta akụkọ Adichie ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' bụ onye nke abụọ na [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]] maka 2010.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|pp=114–115}} Otu akụkọ sitere n'akwụkwọ ahụ, "Ceiling", gụnyere na ''[[The Best American Short Storys 2011]]''.{{sfn|Sam-Duru|2014}} ''Americanah'' e depụtara n'ime ''[[The New York Times]]'' "Akwụkwọ iri kacha mma nke 2013",{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2013}} wee merie [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] (2014),{{sfn|Obi-Young|2021}}{{sfn|''National Book Critics''|2014}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2014}} na [[One City One Book]] (2017).{{sfn|Weller|2017}} Akwụkwọ ya ''Dear Ijeawele'', nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ French dị ka {{lang|fr|Chère Ijeawele, ou un manifeste pour une éducation féministe}}, meriri [[Madame Figaro#Grand Prix Littéraire (nnukwu ihe nrite akwụkwọ)|Le Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro]] dị na ngalaba akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na 2017.{{sfn|''TheCable''|2017}}{{sfn|Chela|2017}} [[File:Chimamanda Adichie 11.09.10 (5248097626).jpg|220px|thumb|right|alt=A Black woman with short, curly hair speaks into a microphone in a warmly lit room. She is wearing a black and white striped dress and layered necklaces. Behind her are wooden-framed windows and decorative cobwebs on the wall. A water pitcher sits on the table in front of her, and there are people in the audience.|Adichie at an event related to her book ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'', 2010]] Adichie so n'ime ndị ikpeazụ nke [[Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction]] (2014).{{sfn|Italie|2014}} O meriri [[Barnard Medal of Distinction]] (2016),{{sfn|Jaschik|2016}} na [[W. E. B. Du Bois Medal]] (2022), ihe nrite kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ ihe ndị Afrịka na ndị Afrịka Amerịka site na [[Mahadum Harvard]].{{sfn|Edeme|2022a}} E depụtara ya na ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s "20 Under 40" ndị edemede na 2010, na 2014 ahọpụtara ya maka [[Africa39]], ọrụ nke [[Hay Festival] malitere.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 |title=Africa39: Otu anyị si họrọ ndị edemede maka Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014|first=Margaret|last=Busby|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 10 Eprel 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|''Nduzi''|2018}} A kpọrọ ya aha na ndepụta ''[[Oge 100]]''' na 2015,{{sfn|Jones|2015}} ma nọrọ na ndepụta ''[[Akụkọ Afrịka]]''{{'}}s nke "100 Ndị Afrịka Kachasị Kpatara Aka" na 2019.{{sfn|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} Na 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye meriri na [[PEN Pinter Prize]], nke na-amata ndị edemede ọrụ akwụkwọ ha na-ekpughe eziokwu site na nyocha dị mkpa nke ndụ na ọha mmadụ. Onye natara ihe nrite ahụ ga-ahọpụta onye meriri ihe nrite ahụ, Pinter International Writer of Courage Award, nke Adichie kpọrọ [[Waleed Abulkhair]], ọkaiwu [[Saudi Arabia]] na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018a}}{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2018b}} Ihe nrite ụmụ nwanyị maka akụkọ ifo, nke a maara na mbụ dị ka ihe nrite Orange, họpụtara mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka onye meriri ya iji sọpụrụ emume ncheta afọ iri abụọ na ise ya na 2020; "Half of a Yellow Sun" nke Adichie meriri ihe nrite ahụ.{{sfn|Iju Mmiri|2020}} Na 2017, a họpụtara Adichie dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu ọhụrụ 228 e tinyere n'ime klas nke 237 nke [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Naijiria nke abụọ e nyere nsọpụrụ ahụ mgbe [[Wole Soyinka]] gasịrị.{{sfn|Ayo-Aderele|2017}} Ruo Maachị 2022, Adichie enwetala nzere nsọpụrụ 16 site na mahadum{{sfn|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} Onyeisiala Naịjirịa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] họpụtara ya dị ka onye natara [[Order of the Federal Republic]] na 2022,{{sfn | Ufuoma | 2022}} mana Adichie jụrụ ọkwa mba ahụ.{{sfn|Olaiya|2022}} Na 30 Disemba 2022, e nyere Adichie nsọpụrụ site n'inye [[ndị isi Naịjirịa|aha nke "Odeluwa"]], ọkwa onyeisi, site n'aka obodo ya bụ Abba na [[Anambra State]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ natara ọkwa onyeisi na Abba.{{sfn|Edeme|2022b}}{{sfn|Okogba|2023}} == Ndekọ akwụkwọ == === Akwụkwọ akụkọ === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Purple Hibiscus]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2003 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Half of a Yellow Sun]] |publisher=[[Fourth Estate (imprint)|Fourth Estate]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4000-4416-0 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=London |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Americanah]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dream Count]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2025 |isbn=978-0-593-80272-4 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[The Thing Around Your Neck]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2009 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ncheta === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Notes on Grief]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2021 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} === Akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo === * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[We Should All Be Feminists]] |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-101-91176-1 |edition=paperback 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]] |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2017 |edition=hardcover 1st |location=New York |author-mask=2 |ref=none}} == Edensibia == ===Notes=== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Nrụtụ aka=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Abba |first1=Abba A. |title=Remediating Biafra: Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a Symbolic Vehicle of Postwar Reconciliation |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2021 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.01 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/798051/pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington, Indiana |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9144124984 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |title=Chimamanda Adichie Tackles Hillary Clinton over Twitter Bio |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=23 April 2018 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153337/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-tackles-hillary-clinton-over-twitter-bio/ |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Bukola |title=Hillary Clinton Has Changed Her Twitter Bio and It Does Not Start with Wife |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153338/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/24/africa/chimamanda-adichie-hillary-clinton-wife-africa/index.html |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Adeduyite | first=Okiki | title=Chimamanda Adichie to headline 2025 Things Fall Apart festival in Enugu | website=[[The Punch]] | date=14 May 2025 | url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-to-headline-2025-things-fall-apart-festival-in-enugu/ | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Adichie |first1=Amanda Ngozi |title=My Mother, the Crazy African |journal=In Posse Review |date=2000 |volume=Multi-Ethnic Anthology |url=http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |publisher=Spectrum Publishers |location=San Francisco, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331193207/http://www.webdelsol.com/InPosse/anthology_index.htm |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Truth and Lies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331225357/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/sep/16/fiction.society |archive-date=31 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |title=Why Can't a Smart Woman Love Fashion? |url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle.com]] |date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines|Hearst Magazines Digital Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407214558/https://www.elle.com/fashion/personal-style/a12670/personal-essay-on-style-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozie |title=Sognare come un'unica umanità |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[L'Osservatore Romano]] |date=5 July 2021 |location=Vatican City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084417/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2021-07/quo-149/sognare-br-come-un-unica-umanita.html |archive-date=26 November 2022 |language=Italian |trans-title=Dreaming as a Single Humanity |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins Shorty Awards Literature Prize |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=19 April 2018a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050746/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-wins-shorty-awards-literature-prize/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Agbo |first=Njideka |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The Fearless Writer |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=26 September 2018b |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403164300/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-adichie-the-fearless-writer/ |archive-date=3 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Akhabau |first=Izin |title=Akwaeke Emezi: Non-binary Author Shares Heartbreak at Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]] |date=18 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201125215845/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/books/2020/11/18/akwaeke-emezi-non-binary-author-shares-heartbreak-at-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Akinyoade |first=Akinwale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Reveals How She Came about the Name 'Chimamanda' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=5 January 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425005651/https://guardian.ng/life/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-reveals-how-she-came-about-the-name-chimamanda/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201115211512/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-america-under-trump-felt-like-a-personal-loss |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Anasuya |first=Shreya Ila |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Speaks as Well as She Writes, Maybe Better |url=https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=20 June 2015 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010346/https://scroll.in/article/735501/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-speaks-as-well-as-she-writes-maybe-better |archive-date=5 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |access-date=14 January 2014 |website=bookcritics.org |publisher=[[National Book Critics Circle]] |date=14 January 2014 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014055/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/announcing-the-national-book-critics-awards-finalists |archive-date=15 January 2014 |ref={{sfnref|National Book Critics|2014}} }} * {{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Joseph |title=Exploring the Literary Genius of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=[[The Herald (Nigeria)|Herald Nigeria]] |date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327113929/https://heraldngr.com/2023/04/exploring-the-literary-genius-of-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite magazine |last=Anya |first=Ike |title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=African Writer |date=15 October 2005 |publisher=African Writer Magazine |location=Williamstown, New Jersey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131649/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Assheton |first=Richard |title=What the Outspoken Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Told Me at Dinner |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/what-the-outspoken-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-told-me-at-dinner-kgm3gtdjw |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 September 2023 |location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |title=Why I Stopped Attending Catholic Churches in Nigeria — Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[Premium Times]] |date=2 January 2021 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509112927/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434475-why-i-stopped-attending-catholic-churches-in-nigeria-chimamanda-adichie.html |archive-date=9 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Ayo-Aderele |first=Adesola |title=Chimamanda Elected into US Academy of Arts and Science |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=12 April 2017 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061829/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-elected-into-us-academy-of-arts-and-science/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last=Baska |first=Maggie |title=Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Doubles Down on Anti-trans Views |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[PinkNews]] |date=1 December 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230131704/https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/01/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-trans-women/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Behrmann |first=Erika M. |title=Book and Media Reviews: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 'We Should All Be Feminists', TEDxEuston Talk. |doi=10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07491409.2017.1334456?scroll=top&needAccess=true |access-date=11 May 2024 |journal=[[Women's Studies in Communication]] |date=July 2017 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=315–316 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=0749-1409 |oclc=7082968906 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} *{{cite book |last1=Bernardi |first1=Floriana |last2=Picarelli |first2=Enrica |editor1-last=Paulicelli |editor1-first=Eugenia |editor1-link=Eugenia Paulicelli |editor2-last=Manlow |editor2-first=Veronica |editor3-last=Wissinger |editor3-first=Elizabeth |title=The Routledge Companion to Fashion Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Lo8EAAAQBAJ&dq=The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Fashion%20Studies%2C%20adichie&pg=PT228 |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |chapter=[[DOI:10.4324/9780429264405-22|22. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Fashion Icon: Addressing Nationalism and Feminism with Style]] |pages=215–222 |doi=10.4324/9780429264405-22 |isbn=978-0-367-20956-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bhuta |first1=Aishwarya |title=Book Review: Adichie, C.N., ''Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions'', London: Fourth Estate, 2017. 80 pages, ₹250. ISBN 978-0-00-824103-2 |journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]] |date=June 2018 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=319–323 |doi=10.1177/0971521518761445 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971521518761445 |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0971-5215 |oclc=7651369612 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=Beauty |title=Racial Identification, Diaspora Subjectivity, and Black Consciousness in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Helen Oyeyemi's Boy, Snow, Bird |journal=[[South Atlantic Review]] |date=Winter 2017 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=121–138 |jstor=90017450 |issn=0277-335X |oclc=9970616626}} * {{cite web |last=Braimah |first=Ayodale |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977–) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=[[BlackPast.org|BlackPast]] |date=13 February 2018 |publisher=BlackPast.org |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173946/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-1977/ |archive-date=10 August 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Brockes |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Can people please stop telling me feminism is hot?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |access-date=22 August 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 March 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133059/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-stop-telling-me-feminism-hot |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Broom |first=Sarah M. |author-link=Sarah M. Broom |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'My Madness Will Now Bare Itself' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502021205/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/books/review/notes-on-grief-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.html |archive-date=2 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren Alix |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Sometimes it feels like the universe is conspiring against me' |website=Quartz |date=11 December 2017 |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1133732/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-about-feminism-and-raising-her-daughter-in-a-gendered-world |access-date=14 May 2024 }} * {{cite web | last=Busby | first=Margaret | author-link=Margaret Busby | title=Africa39: how we chose the writers for Port Harcourt World Book Capital 2014 | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/apr/10/port-harcourt-world-book-capital-2014-africa-39 | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Busby |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Busby |title=Buchi Emecheta Obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |access-date=14 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 February 2017 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170204094646/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/feb/03/buchi-emecheta-obituary |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Slams BBC 'Ambush' with Trump Supporter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2016 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-slams-bbc-ambush-with-trump-supporter-newsnight |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Calkin |first=Jessamy |title=Love in the Time of Cornrows: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on Her New Novel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 April 2013 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207182012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9968921/Love-in-the-time-of-cornrows-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-on-her-new-novel.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Camminga |first=B. |title=Disregard and Danger: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voices of Trans (And Cis) African Feminists |doi=10.1177/0038026120934695 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038026120934695 |access-date=8 May 2024 |journal=[[The Sociological Review]] |date=July 2020 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=817–833 |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |issn=0038-0261 |oclc=8643495664 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Sage Publishing|SAGE Journals]]}} * {{cite book |last1=Carotenuto |first1=Silvana |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=12. 'A Kind of Paradise' Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Claim to Agency, Responsibility & Writing |pages=169–184 |chapter-url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/handle/11574/171405/29601/Companion%20to%20Chimamanda%20first%20proofs%20inc%20re-run%20Appendix-%20S%20Carotenuto.pdf |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Chela |first=Efemia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Named a Nouvelle Héroïne of Literature in France |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221180302/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-named-a-nouvelle-heroine-of-literature-in-france/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Quintessence of a Literary Icon |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201808060087.html |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=5 August 2018 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A550692546}} |ref={{sfnref|''Leadership''|2018}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=Chimamanda Adichie Schools White Man: 'You Don't Get To Define Racism' |url=https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |access-date=20 May 2024 |magazine=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |date=12 November 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.theroot.com/watch-chimamanda-adichie-schools-white-man-you-don-t-1790857702 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Root''|2016}} }} *{{cite news |title=Chimamanda Adichie Wins French Literary Award |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[TheCable]] |date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085832/https://www.thecable.ng/chimamanda-adichie-wins-french-literary-award |archive-date=17 May 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''TheCable''|2017}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Makes History as First African to Speak at Yale's Class Day |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=20 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181154/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/chimamanda-makes-history-as-first-african-to-speak-at-yales-class-day/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanguard''|2019}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Pride to Africa, a Treasure to the World |url=https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]] |date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124934/https://businessday.ng/offduty/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-a-pride-to-africa-a-treasure-to-the-world-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Business Day''|2016}} }} * {{cite | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Dream Count Homecoming Tour: A Photo Diary | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/08/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-dream-count-homecoming-tour-a-photo-diary/ |website=[[Brittle Paper]]| language=en-US | ref={{sfnref|''Brittle Paper''|2025}} | access-date=14 July 2026}} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda's Mother for Burial May 1 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=16 March 2021 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165155/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/17/chimamandas-mother-for-burial-may-1/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''This Day''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |title=Chimamanda to Receive 16th Honorary PhD from the Catholic University of Louvain Belgium |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=22 March 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322100849/https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/chimamanda-to-receive-16th-honorary-phd-from-the-catholic-university-of-louvain-belgium/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Guardian Nigeria''|2022}} }} * {{cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Award-Winning Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Has Had a Baby, Not That It's Anyone's Business |url=http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |access-date=3 July 2016 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=3 July 2016 |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125129/http://qz.com/722822/award-winning-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-has-had-a-baby-not-that-its-anyones-business/ |archive-date=4 July 2016 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Crockett |first=Emily |title=The Controversy over Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Trans Women, Explained |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=15 March 2017 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165825/https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/3/15/14910900/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-transgender-women-comments-apology |archive-date=25 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Cummins | first=Anthony | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie review – candid conversations with friends | website=[[The Guardian]] | date=2 March 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/02/dream-count-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-review-candid-conversations-with-friends | access-date=14 July 2026 }} * {{cite magazine |title=Curriculum Vitae: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=A & S Magazine |date=Fall 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |publisher=Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, [[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220404/https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2015/11/curriculum-vitae-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |ref={{sfnref|Krieger|2015}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Dabiri |first1=Emma |author-link=Emma Dabiri |editor1-last=Beyer |editor1-first=Theresa |editor2-last=Burkhalter |editor2-first=Thomas |editor3-last=Liechti |editor3-first=Hannes |title=Seismographic Sounds: Visions of a New World |date=2015 |publisher=Norient |location=Berne, Switzerland |chapter=Re-Imagining Gender in Nigeria |chapter-url=https://norient.com/stories/gender-in-nigeria?topic=97 |isbn=978-3-9524496-0-8}} * {{cite web |last=Danielle |first=Britni |date=2014-03-20 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'Whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist' |url=http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |website=Clutch Magazine Online |location=Houston, Texas |publisher=Sutton Media |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325224952/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ |archive-date=2014-03-25 |access-date=2026-04-25 |accessdate=2026-07-14 |archivedate=2014-04-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423173503/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/03/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-defends-beyonce-asks-shouldnt-women-sexuality/ }} * {{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=Juliana |title=Alternative Feminism: Interrogating Marriage and Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's ''Half of a Yellow Sun'' and ''Purple Hibiscus'' |journal=The International Journal of Humanities Education |date=2022 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.18848/2327-0063/CGP/v21i01/53-66 |publisher=Common Ground Research Network, [[University of Illinois]] |location=Champaign, Illinois |issn=2327-0063 |oclc=9695413750 |id={{ProQuest|2743806195}}}} * {{cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |title=Read Chimamanda Adichie's Elegantly Moving Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina and Cry with Us |url=https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821225008/https://ynaija.com/read-chimamanda-adichies-elegantly-moving-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-and-cry-with-us/ |archive-date=21 August 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Dube |first=Musa W. |author-link=Musa Dube |title=Purple Hibiscus: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading |url=https://doaj.org/article/e1e37b7a0049415e8f108572b16ad66a |doi=10.7832/46-2-311 |journal=Missionalia |date=April 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=222–235 |publisher=[[Stellenbosch University]] |location=Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa |issn=0256-9507 |oclc=8081262364 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |title=Chimamanda Adichie Receives Harvard's Highest Honour |url=https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]] |date=7 October 2022a |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505231800/https://punchng.com/chimamanda-adichie-receives-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=30 December 2022b |title=Pictorial: Chimamanda Adichie receives chieftaincy title in hometown |work=Punch |url=https://punchng.com/pictorial-chimamanda-adichie-receives-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ |access-date=11 October 2024 }} * {{cite news |last=Edwardes |first=Charlotte |date=15 February 2025 |title='Cancel culture? We should stop it. End of story': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on backlash, writer's block – and her new baby twins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/15/cancel-culture-we-should-stop-it-end-of-story-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-on-backlash-writers-block-and-her-two-new-babies |access-date=4 March 2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Egbunike |first1=Louisa Uchum |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=1. Narrating the Past: Orality, History & the Production of Knowledge in the Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |pages=15–30 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme |first1=Anene |title=The Women of Things Fall Apart, Speaking from a Different Perspective: Chimamanda Adichie's Headstrong Storytellers |journal=Meridians |date=2017 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=307–329 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/672856/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |doi=10.2979/meridians.15.2.02 |issn=1536-6936 |oclc=8870766018 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Ekpo |first=Nathan Nathaniel |title='British Women did not own properties, but Igbo Women could trade and own properties'—Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Modern Ghana Media Communication Ltd. |location=Accra, Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517181401/https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34094/british-women-did-not-own-properties-but-igbo-women-could.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |title=El madrileño barrio de la Concepción se une para exigir que no se toque un mural feminista |url=https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |agency=[[EFE]] |date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214712/https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/01/24/600da5da21efa05b308b4641.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Madrid Neighborhood of la Concepción Unites to Demand That a Feminist Mural Not Be Touched |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''El Mundo''|2021}} }} * {{cite book |last1=Ememyonu |first1=Ernest N. |author-link=Ernest Emenyonu |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA3 |chapter=Introduction |pages=1–14 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |title=Chimamanda Adichie Delivers Lecture at American University Commencement Ceremony |url=https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 May 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181144/https://guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-delivers-lecture-at-american-university-commencement-ceremony/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Espinoza Cárdenas |first1=Natalia |title=El feminismo da el vamos a Congreso Futuro con charla de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: "Hay que abrirse a conocer las otras historias" |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Mostrador]] |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514214710/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2020/01/13/el-feminismo-da-el-vamos-a-congreso-futuro-con-charla-de-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-hay-que-abrirse-a-conocer-las-otras-historias/ |archive-date=14 May 2024 |location=Providencia, Chile |language=Spanish |trans-title=Feminism Kicks Off the Future Congress with a Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'We have to be open to knowing the other stories' |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ewokor | first=Chris | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigeria to hold inquest into death of author's toddler | website=[[BBC]] | date=26 February 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwygr2nzdp9o | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite web |last=Felperin |first=Leslie |title=''Half of a Yellow Sun'': London Review |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120195053/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins US National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |access-date=7 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 March 2014 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116001615/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/14/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-national-book-critics-circle-awards |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Wins PEN Pinter Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 June 2018a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104065757/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wins-pen-pinter-prize |archive-date=4 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Accepts PEN Pinter Prize with Call to Speak Out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |access-date=15 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 October 2018b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141640/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-accepts-pen-pinter-prize-with-call-to-speak-out |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan Author and Gay Rights Activist, Dies Aged 48 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628153712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |location=London, UK |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Voted Women's Prize 'Winner of Winners' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |access-date=19 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 November 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135522/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/12/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-half-of-a-yellow-sun-voted-womens-prize-winner-of-winners |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to Publish Memoir about Her Father's Death |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |access-date=27 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 February 2021a |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054818/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-to-publish-memoir-about-her-fathers-death |archive-date=16 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |title='It is obscene': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pens Blistering Essay against Social Media Sanctimony |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 June 2021b |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629185700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/16/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-social-media-sanctimony |archive-date=29 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Four Speakers to Deliver the BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Media Centre |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323035233/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/bbc-radio-4-reith-lectures |archive-date=23 March 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|BBC Radio|2022}} }} *{{cite news |last1=Germain |first1=Nicolas |title=Video: Nigerian Author's 'Americanah' Comes to France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[France 24]] |date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017231904/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france |archive-date=17 October 2022 |location=Paris, France |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Glynn | first=Paul | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Nigerian author 'devastated' by death of young son | website=[[BBC]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62wx32re2po | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Gonçalves |first=Emily |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Feminism and Story-Telling |url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Vanderbilt Hustler]] |date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |location=Nashville, Tennessee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030142/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2019/11/22/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-talks-feminism-and-story-telling/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Manasi |title=Merkel Speaks with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=9 September 2021 |location=Bonn, Germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030959/https://www.dw.com/en/angela-merkel-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-in-conversation/a-59131973 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |title=Hillary Clinton and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talk Censorship, Feminism, and Pizzagate |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=24 April 2018 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518153327/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/24/17271638/hillary-clinton-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-arthur-miller-freedom-write-pen-america-world-voices |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Zoe |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Blueprint for Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032303/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/15/books/chimamanda-ngozi-adiche-dear-ijeawele.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Hewett |first1=Heather |title=Coming of Age: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the Voice of the Third Generation |journal=English in Africa |date=May 2005 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |jstor=40239030 |issn=0376-8902 |oclc=5878056558}} * {{cite web |last=Hobdy |first=Dominique |title=Why 'Americanah' Author Chimamanda Ngozi Is All About Nigerian Designers |url=https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence.com]] |date=26 October 2020 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151043/https://www.essence.com/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Chimamanda Adichie Debuts Children's Book Under the Pseudonym Nwa Grace James |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=7 April 2022 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065833/https://brittlepaper.com/2022/04/chimamanda-adichie-debuts-childrens-book-under-the-pseudonym-nwa-grace-james/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Idowu |first=Torera |title=This Is Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Only Wearing Nigerian Brands |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=9 May 2017 |location=Atlanta, Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151042/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/09/africa/chimamanda-wear-nigerian-campaign/index.html |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Ige | first=Olugbenga | title=Chimamanda Adichie loses 21-month-old son | website=[[The Punch]] | date=8 January 2026 | url=https://punchng.com/breaking-chimamanda-adichie-loses-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |editor1-last=Igwe |editor1-first=Chidi |title=Profile: Professor Ernest Nneji Ememyonu |journal=ISA Newsletter |date=Winter 2017 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=Igbo Studies Association |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402022840/https://www.igbostudies.org/images/newsletter/isa-newsletter-winter-2017.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2024 |issn=2375-9720 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite news |last=Irvine |first=Lindesay |title=Adichie Wins a $500,000 Genius Grant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2008 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322201112/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/24/fiction.awardsandprizes |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishaya |first1=Yusuf Tsojon |last2=Gunn |first2=Michael |title=Graphology as Style in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/224185/211488 |journal=LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research |date=March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–86 |publisher=Universal Academic Services |location=Beijing, China |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109035543/https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/download/224185/211488 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |url-status=live |issn=1813-2227 }} * {{cite web |last=Italie |first=Hillel |title=Tartt, Goodwin Awarded Carnegie Medals |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |access-date=1 July 2014 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 June 2014 |location=Seattle, Washington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715012821/http://seattletimes.com/html/books/2023957398_apxbookscarnegiemedals.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 }} * {{cite news |title=James Nwoye Adichie (1932&nbsp;– 2020) |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=3 July 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165157/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/james-nwoye-adichie-1932-2020/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2020}} }} * {{cite web |last=Jaschik |first=Scott |title=Debate at Barnard over Selection of Commencement Speaker |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date=28 February 2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165545/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/29/debate-barnard-over-selection-commencement-speaker |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Radhika |author-link=Radhika Jones |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |access-date=14 December 2015 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 April 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120210148/http://time.com/3823296/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-2015-time-100/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Keynote: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=RIKK |date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Reykjavík Institute for Gender, Equality and Difference |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517223941/https://rikk.hi.is/en/opinn-fyrirlestur-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|RIKK|2021}} }} *{{cite news |last=Kiene |first=Aimée |title=Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/boeken/ngozi-adichie-beyonce-s-feminism-isn-t-my-feminism~a4390684/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |work=[[De Volkskrant]] |date=7 October 2016 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands }} * {{cite news |last=Kumolu |first=Charles |title=Chimamanda: From Pushing Boundaries to Harvard's Highest Honour |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=2 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515170059/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/chimamanda-from-pushing-boundaries-to-harvards-highest-honour/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Law |first=Katie |title=Zikora: A Short Story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Review: A Taut Tale of Sexism and Single Motherhood |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |date=29 October 2020 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407183223/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/zikora-by-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-book-review-a4573312.html |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lecznar |first1=Matthew |title=Texts, Talks and Tailoring: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fashion Politics |journal=[[Celebrity Studies]] |date=February 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=167–171 |doi=10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392397.2016.1275324 |access-date=13 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1939-2397 |oclc=7181681870 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}} * {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Helena | title=Dream Count by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: interview and release date | website=[[Harper's Bazaar#Harper's Bazaar UK|Harper's BAZAAR]] | date=5 March 2025 | url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/a63957572/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-interview-dream-count/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=London, UK }} * {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Nicole |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'Fear of Causing Offence Becomes a Fetish' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 May 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102142352/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/11/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-fear-causing-offence-a-fetish |archive-date=2 November 2023 }} *{{cite news |title=Libros infantiles para celebrar el Día de la Mujer |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[Diario de Sevilla]] |date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205144422/https://www.diariodesevilla.es/vivirensevilla/Libros-infantiles-celebrar-Dia-Mujer_0_1443155914.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |location=Seville, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Children's Books to Celebrate Women's Day |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Diario de Sevilla''|2020}} }} * {{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |author-link=Carlos Lozada (journalist) |title=In Grieving for Her Father, a Novelist Discovers the Failure of Words |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=6 May 2021 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618195627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/06/adichiegrief/ |archive-date=18 June 2021 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Luckett |first=Jeanne B. |title=Practical Matters |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/700238/pdf |access-date=20 May 2024 |doi=10.1353/ewr.2018.0012 |journal=Eudora Welty Review |date=Spring 2018 |volume=10 |pages=155–163 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |issn=1947-3370 |oclc=9983914051 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite magazine |last=MacFarquhar |first=Larissa |author-link=Larissa MacFarquhar |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes to Terms with Global Fame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/06/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-comes-to-terms-with-global-fame |access-date=17 June 2021 |url-access=limited |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker.com]] |date=28 May 2018 |location=New York City, New York }} * {{cite journal |last=Madueke |first=Sylvia Ijeoma |title=On Translating Postcolonial African Writing: French Translation of Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |url=https://doaj.org/article/70e665defd2c44a894279e67311f3d6a |doi=10.21992/tc29446 |journal=TranscUlturAl |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=August 2019 |pages=49–66 |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |location=Edmonton, Alberta |issn=1920-0323 |oclc=8615550149 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Majendie |first=Paul |title=Nigerian Author Wins Top Women's Fiction Prize |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 August 2007 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802141704/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0627938220070606 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Malec |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Pays Touching Tribute to Binyavanga Wainaina: 'A great and rare and genuine talent' |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |magazine=[[The Johannesburg Review of Books]] |date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ben Williams Publishing |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193256/https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/07/26/the-jrb-daily-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-pays-touching-tribute-to-binyavanga-wainaina-a-great-and-rare-and-genuine-talent/ |archive-date=2 December 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=The Danger of a Singular Fashion: Studies of Race, Fashion, and Beauty in American Studies |doi=10.1353/aq.2017.0034 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/663338/pdf |access-date=9 May 2024 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |date=June 2017 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=411–420 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=Baltimore, Marylan |jstor=26360860 |issn=0003-0678 |oclc=7075078562 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required|via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite web |last=Martin |first=Michel |author-link=Michel Martin |title=Feminism Is Fashionable for Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Tell Me More]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=18 March 2014 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211656/https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker |archive-date=28 September 2019 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mbah |first1=Victor Chukwudi |title=Themes and Techniques in African Novel: A Review of Ngozi Chimamanda Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=345–359 |url=https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |access-date=28 April 2024 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116025502/https://ezenwaohaetorc.org/journals/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/215 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |author-link=Charles McGrath (critic) |title=No Life Away from Her Books |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Age]] |agency=[[The New York Times|New York Times Agency]] |date=8 October 2006 |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416174943/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/books/no-life-away-from-her-books-20061008-ge39zh.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Medeossi |first1=Paolo |title=Amore e guerraal tempo del Biafra |url=https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Messaggero Veneto]] |date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517131110/https://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2009/01/29/news/amore_e_guerraal_tempo_del_biafra-4054228/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |location=Udine, Italy |language=Italian |trans-title=Love and War in the Time of Biafra |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Medrano |first=Kastalia |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Continues To Be the Hero We Need |url=https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 2016 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220063359/https://time.com/4587844/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-elle-fashion-week/ |archive-date=20 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=Meghan Markle Puts Sinéad Burke on the Cover of Vogue's September Issue |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |access-date=31 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=29 July 2019 |location=Dublin, Ireland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729141808/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sin%C3%A9ad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Irish Times''|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Mullane |first=Janet |editor-last=Trudeau |editor-first=Lawrence J. |title=Contemporary Literary Criticism 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Emenyonu (editor), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Woodbridge: James Currey (hb £30 – 978 1 84701 162 6; pb £17.99 – 978 1 84701 241 8). 2017, xii + 300 pp. |journal=[[Africa (journal)|Africa]] |date=August 2020 |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=805–807 |doi=10.1017/S0001972020000467 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A67F660512A187CF243A562962E5C76D/S0001972020000467a.pdf/ernest-e-emenyonu-editor-a-companion-to-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-woodbridge-james-currey-hb-pound30-978-1-84701-162-6-pb-pound1799-978-1-84701-241-8-2017-xii-300-pp.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire |issn=0001-9720 |oclc=8639113471 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ndula |first1=Janet |editor1-last=Ememyonu |editor1-first=Ernest N. |editor-link=Ernest Emenyonu |title=A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |date=2017 |publisher=[[James Currey]] |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXkVvgAACAAJ&pg=PA18 |chapter=2. Deconstructing Binary Oppositions of Gender in ''Purple Hibiscus '': A Review of Religious/Traditional Superiority & Silence |pages=31–44 |isbn=978-1-84701-162-6}} * {{cite journal |last=Nwankwọ |first=Izuu |title=Traditions of Naming in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction |url=https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |journal=Postcolonial Text |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |date=2023 |publisher=[[Sorbonne Paris North University]] |location=Villetaneuse, France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225125/https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/download/2803/2612 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |issn=1705-9100 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=As Sales Approach the Million Mark, Is Americanah Now Adichie's Signature Novel? |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030356/https://brittlepaper.com/2017/03/sales-approach-million-mark-americanah-adichies-signature/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus Turns 15: The Best Moments of a Modern Classic |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |magazine=[[Brittle Paper]] |date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Ainehi Edoro]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327030329/https://brittlepaper.com/2018/10/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-purple-hibiscus-turns-15-the-best-moments-of-a-modern-classic/ |archive-date=27 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is in a Different Place Now |url=https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |magazine=[[Open Country Mag]] |date=20 September 2021 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084010/https://opencountrymag.com/cover-story-sept-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-is-in-a-different-place-now/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Children's Picture Book Coming in 2023 |url=https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=Open Country Mag |date=4 April 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401065834/https://opencountrymag.com/chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-childrens-picture-book-coming-in-2023/ |archive-date=1 April 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Oduah | first=Henry | title=Coroner suspends inquest into death of Chimamanda's son | website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=5 May 2026 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/coroner-suspends-inquest-into-death-of-chimamandas-son/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} *{{cite journal |last1=Ogwude |first1=Sophia O. |title=History and Ideology in Chimamanda Adichie's Fiction |journal=[[Tydskrif vir Letterkunde]] |date=February 2011 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.4314/tvl.v48i1.63824 |url=https://scielo.org.za/pdf/tvl/v48n1/v48n1a09.pdf |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Pretoria]] |location=Pretoria, South Africa |issn=0041-476X |oclc=923961739 }} * {{cite web |last=Okachie |first=Leonard |title=Chimamanda Selected as Radcliffe Fellow |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |access-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study|Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study News]] |date=19 May 2011 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=16 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016180456/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/chimamanda-selected-radcliffe-fellow }} * {{cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |title=Chimamanda Adichie Comes under Same Fire as Rowling over Transphobia |url=https://ynaija.com/Chimamanda-Adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=[[YNaija]] |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Generation Y! |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201120105742/https://ynaija.com/chimamanda-adichie-comes-under-same-fire-as-rowling-over-transphobia/ |archive-date=20 November 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Okafor | first=Makuochi | title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's family accuses Euracare Hospital of negligence over son's death | website=[[BBC]] | date=10 January 2026 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0lx09e618yo | access-date=11 January 2026 }} * {{cite web | last=Okogba | first=Emmanuel | title=Chimamanda becomes first woman to receive chieftaincy title in hometown | website=Vanguard News | date=1 January 2023 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/chimamanda-becomes-first-woman-to-receive-chieftaincy-title-in-hometown/ | access-date=16 February 2025 }} * {{cite journal |last=Okolo |first=Luke Ndudi |title=Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus |url=https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |access-date=23 April 2024 |journal=Ansu Journal of Language and Literary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |publisher=[[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University]] |location=Uli, Anambra, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324124655/https://journals.ezenwaohaetorc.org/index.php/AJLLS/article/view/236 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |issn=2465-7352 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Olaiya |first=Tope Templer |title=Chimamanda Adichie Did Not Accept National Honour, Team Confirms |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Nigeria]] |date=13 October 2022 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142103/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/chimamanda-adichie-did-not-accept-national-honour-team-confirms/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 }} * {{cite news |last=Olaopa |first=Tunji |title=An Encounter with Toyin Falola: Between Celebration and Canonization of Intellectuals |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |access-date=4 December 2022 |work=[[This Day]] |date=27 November 2022 |location=Apapa, Lagos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204235846/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/27/an-encounter-with-toyin-falola-between-celebration-and-canonization-of-intellectuals/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web | last=Olonilua | first=Ademola | title=ICYMI: My parents did not name me Chimamanda, says author, Adichie | website=[[The Punch]] | date=2 January 2021 | url=https://punchng.com/my-parents-did-not-name-me-chimamanda-says-author-adichie/ | access-date=14 July 2026 | location=Lagos, Nigeria }} * {{cite journal |last=Ordu |first=Stanley |title=Womanism and Patriarchy in Chimamanda Adichie's ''Purple Hibiscus'' |url=https://www.litinfinite.com/wp-content/uploads/7_Stanley-Ordu-_61_73.pdf |access-date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.47365/litinfinite.3.2.2021.61-73 |journal=Litinfinite Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=December 2021 |pages=61–73 |publisher=Supriyo Chakraborty Penprints Publications |location=Kolkata, India |issn=2582-0400 |oclc=9455975886 }} * {{cite news |last=Parnass |first=Larry |title=Nigerian Author Adichie Urges Williams Grads to Commit to Social Justice |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The Berkshire Eagle]] |date=4 June 2017 |location=Pittsfield, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/nigerian-author-adichie-urges-williams-grads-to-commit-to-social-justice/article_83ec0753-03f4-5353-abb9-9e2d01a8cc15.html |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pazzanese |first=Christina |title=Adichie: 'Protect and Value the Truth': Class Day Speaker Urges Graduating Seniors to Embrace That Principle in Their Own Lives |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[Harvard Gazette]] |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181153/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvards-class-day-speaker-urges-students-to-protect-and-value-the-truth-in-their-own-lives/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Katie |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Politics, Race, and Writing at Johns Hopkins |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Hub |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505181145/https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/02/09/chimamanda-adichie-fas-hopkins/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Pongsajapan |first=Robert |title=Award-Winning Author Adichie Explores Faith, Feminism at Georgetown Event |url=https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=Georgetown University News |date=17 March 2017 |publisher=[[Georgetown University]] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001085251/https://www.georgetown.edu/news/award-winning-author-adichie-explores-faith-feminism-at-georgetown-event/ |archive-date=1 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212075827/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php |archive-date=12 December 2009 |website=[[Caine Prize]] |date=2009 |publisher=The Caine Prize for African Writing |location=London, UK |ref={{sfnref|Caine Prize|2009}} |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=12 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812074229/http://www.caineprize.com/winners_02.php }} * {{cite magazine |last=Richardson |first=Catherine |title=Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA247445488 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=[[Poets & Writers Magazine]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=January–February 2011 |publisher=[[Poets & Writers|Poets & Writers Inc.]] |location=New York City, New York |issn=0891-6136 |id={{Gale|A247445488}} }} * {{cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |title=Novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Goes Anti-Trans Again |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|Advocate.com]] |date=2 December 2022 |publisher=Pride Media |location=Los Angeles, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185048/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2022/12/02/novelist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-goes-anti-trans-again |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rios |first=Carmen |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Warns Humanitarians About the Danger of a Single Story |url=http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] |date=21 October 2019 |publisher=[[Feminist Majority Foundation|Liberty Media for Women, LLC]] |location=Arlington, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511180515/http://msmagazine.com/2019/10/21/the-danger-of-a-single-story-at-our-borders-and-in-our-movements/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Roifah |first1=Miftahur |title=Becoming a Mother: The Transition to Motherhood in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 'Zikora' |journal=Prosodi |date=October 2021 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=178–185 |doi=10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12184 |url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/prosodi/article/view/12184 |access-date=3 May 2024 |publisher=[[University of Trunojoyo Madura]] |location=Bangkalan, Indonesia |issn=1907-6665 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Chimamanda vino al Hay Festival para reivindicar a la mujer negra |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062218/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/chimamanda-vino-al-hay-festival-para-reivindicar-a-la-mujer-negra-de-cartagena-y-coloambia-322564 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=Spanish |trans-title=Chimamanda Came to the Hay Festival to Vindicate Black Women |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Lisa |title=Here's Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Is Wearing Only Nigerian Brands |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 May 2017 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205212547/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-wear-nigerian-fashion.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Saeed |first=Saeed |title=Frankfurt Book Fair Discussions Focus on Female Authors, Diversity and Responsibility of Publishers |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |date=15 October 2018 |location=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519161331/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/frankfurt-book-fair-discussions-focus-on-female-authors-diversity-and-responsibility-of-publishers-1.780496 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Safronova |first=Valeriya |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Talks Beauty, Femininity and Feminism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322210719/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/fashion/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-boots-no7-makeup.html |archive-date=22 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |title=Chimamanda Adichie, a Growing Literary Prodigy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=22 January 2014 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802142100/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/chimamanda-adichie-growing-literary-prodigy/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |url-status=live }} *{{cite news |last1=Sarr |first1=Lucie |title=African Feminist Reflects on 'Fratelli Tutti' in Vatican Paper |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202110622/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/african-feminist-reflects-fratelli-tutti-vatican-paper |archive-date=2 December 2023 |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sebola |first1=Moffat |title=Some Reflections on Selected Themes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Fiction and Her Feminist Manifesto |journal=Literator |date=May 2022 |volume=43 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/lit.v43i1.1723 |url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1723 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=Bureau for Scholarly Journals |location=Potchefstroom, South Africa |issn=0258-2279 |oclc=9627424976 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite web |last=Sefa-Boakye |first=Jennifer |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Co-Curates PEN World Voices Festival in NYC with Focus on African Literature |url=https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[PEN America]] |date=17 February 2015 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=dead |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152943/https://pen.org/press-clip/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-co-curates-pen-world-voices-festival-in-nyc-with-focus-on-african-literature/ }} * {{cite news |last=Shariatmadari |first=David |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Religious Leaders Must Help End Nigeria Violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 January 2012 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154612/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-nigeria-leaders |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sharobeem |first1=Heba M. |title=Space as the Representation of Cultural Conflict and Gender Relations in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' |journal=Rocky Mountain Review |date=Spring 2015 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=18–36 |doi=10.1353/rmr.2015.a580802 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/143/article/580802/pdf |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association |location=Pullman, Washington |issn=1948-2825 |oclc=7791796472 |url-access=subscription }}{{subscription required |via=[[Project Muse]]}} * {{cite news |last=Shilling |first=Jane |title=The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 April 2009 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329094106/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5094748/The-Thing-Around-Your-Neck-by-Chimamanda-Ngozi-Adichie-Review.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last=Stephen-David |first=Pembi |title=Chimamanda Adichie – Toeing the Line of Literary Giants |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201306070144.html |access-date=17 May 2024 |work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]] |agency=[[AllAfrica]] |date=7 June 2013 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |id={{Gale|A332826978}} }} *{{cite journal |last1=Stobie |first1=Cheryl |title=Taking wing: Vulnerability and queer/trans resistance in ''The Thirty Names of Night'' by Zeyn Joukhadar |journal=Safundi |date=October 2021 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17533171.2022.2062173 |access-date=14 May 2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |issn=1543-1304 |oclc=9619990616 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last=Streeter |first=Leslie Gray |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Notes on Grief Captures the Bewildering Messiness of Loss – Review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=16 May 2021 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902021830/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-notes-on-grief-b1846822.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |title=The 10 Best Books of 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |url-access=limited |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418002846/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The New York Times''|2013}} }} * {{cite magazine |title=The 2016 International Best Dressed List |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |access-date=9 May 2024 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=1 October 2016 |pages=125–151 |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424093349/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2016/10/the-2016-international-best-dressed-list |archive-date=24 April 2024 |issn=0733-8899 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Vanity Fair''|2016}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Parents' Memoirs (2) Knowing Each Other before You Marry |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |interviewer=Chika Abanobi |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[Sun News (Nigeria)|The Sun]] |date=14 September 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152741/https://sunnewsonline.com/the-chimamanda-ngozi-adichies-parents-memoirs-2-knowing-each-other-before-you-marry/ |archive-date=1 April 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''The Sun''|2019}} }} * {{cite web |title=The Thing Around Your Neck: Stories |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews|Kirkus Reviews.com]] |date=1 May 2009 |publisher=Kirkus Media |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121050/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/the-thing-around-your-neck/ |archive-date=14 August 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Kirkus Reviews''|2009}} }} * {{cite web |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 Most Influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |date=9 October 2019 |location=Maitama, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Ventures Africa''|2019}} |last1=Africa |first1=Ventures }} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gyssels |editor1-first=Kathleen |editor2-last=Ledent |editor2-first=Bénédicte |title=Présence africaine en Europe et au-delà |trans-title=African Presence in Europe and Beyond |date=2010 |publisher=[[Éditions L'Harmattan]] |location=Paris, France |chapter=Of French Fries and Cookies: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Diasporic Short Fiction |chapter-url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/33339/1/Tunca_Adichie_African.pdf |pages=291–309 |isbn=978-2-296-12803-3}} * {{cite book |last=Tunca |first=Daria |editor1-last=Gates Jr |editor1-first=Henry Louis |editor1-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor2-last=Akyeampong |editor2-first=Emmanuel K. |editor2-link=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |title=Dictionary of African Biography |volume=1: Abach-Brand |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |chapter=Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (1977) |pages=94–95 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Tunca |first1=Daria |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as Chinua Achebe's (Unruly) Literary Daughter: The Past, Present, and Future of 'Adichebean' Criticism |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Winter 2018 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.49.4.08 |hdl=2268/233956 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=9969832851 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/233956/1/Tunca_Adichie_Achebe_RAL.pdf }} * Urujzian, Vero-Ekpris Gladstone. "Proverbs and metaphors as discursive strategies in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie." ''LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research'' 20, no. 1 (2023): 72–86. * {{cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |title=Buhari to Confer National Honours on Chimamanda Adichie, 436 Others |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |date=2 October 2022 |location=Abuja, Nigeria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507165542/https://www.icirnigeria.org/buhari-to-confers-national-award-on-chimamanda-adichie-436-others/ |archive-date=7 May 2024 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |editor-last=Useni |editor-first=Mohammed |title=Anti-Gay Law: Chimamanda Adichie Writes, 'Why can't he just be like everyone else?' |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |access-date=21 February 2021 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]] |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209073447/https://newswirengr.com/2014/02/19/anti-gay-law-chimamanda-adichie-writes-why-cant-he-just-be-like-everyone-else/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal |last1=Vanzanten |first1=Susan |title='The Headstrong Historian': Writing with Things Fall Apart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_summer-2015_46_2/page/85 |journal=[[Research in African Literatures]] |date=Summer 2015 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=85–103 |doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.46.2.85 |issn=0034-5210 |oclc=5827202813}} * {{cite web | title=Video: Nigerian author's 'Americanah' comes to France | website=[[France 24]] | date=23 January 2015 | location=[[Paris]], France | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223090705/https://www.france24.com/en/20150123-video-literature-nigerian-author-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-americanah-published-france | archive-date=23 December 2025 | url-status=live | ref={{sfnref|France 24|2015}} | access-date=23 December 2025 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'I Wanted To Claim My Own Name' |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=[[British Vogue]] |date=3 November 2015 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018140532/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-novelist-ted-speaker-interview |archive-date=18 October 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weatherford |first=Ashley |title=Chimamanda Adichie Talks Black Hair and the Narrow Definition of Beauty |url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=[[The Cut (New York)|The Cut]] |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085834/https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/chimamanda-adichie-on-black-hair-and-redefining-beauty.html |archive-date=30 November 2023 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Weller |first=Chris |title=New Yorkers Just Selected a Book for the Entire City to Read in America's Biggest Book Club |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Business Insider|Business Insider UK]] |date=16 March 2017 |location=London, UK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024040152/http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3 |archive-date=24 October 2017 }} *{{cite journal |title='We Should All Be Feminists' |journal=Foreign Rights Catalog: Books for Kids and Teens |date=January–June 2021 |page=109 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |access-date=19 May 2024 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |location=New York City, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519184758/https://www.penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/foreign-rights-kids-teens-2021-first-semester-penguinrandomhousegrupoeditorial.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2024 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|''Foreign Rights Catalog''|2021}} }} * {{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |author1-link=Zoe Williams (writer) |title='I believe literature is in peril': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Comes Out Fighting for Freedom of Speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 November 2022 |location=London, UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319123047/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-bbc-reith-lecture-freedom-truth-trans-rights |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live }} {{Refend}} == Links n'aga n'ezi== {{commons|Category:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie}} * Website nke [http://chimamanda.com/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160403122325/http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/index.html The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Website] sitere na ngalaba asụsụ Bekee nke [[Mahadum nke Liège]] dị na mba [[Belgium]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]] [[Òtù:Ndi Afrika nke Amerika]] [[Otú:Odee akwụkwọ si Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ndi Amerika]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 8pu4p89zynmbkepljjmnrzzmvmgma21 0 7699 743847 724241 2026-11-08T01:01:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chinwendu Ihezuo''' onye nke ana akpọ '''Chinwe Ihezuo''' (Ọmụmụ 30 April 1997) bụ nwa afọ nke Nigeria na akụ bọlụ nke na akụrụ ndi BIIK Kazygurt nke Kazakhstan na ndi ụmụ aka na erubeghi afọ iri abụọ nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ Nigeria women's national under-20 football team.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://silverbirdtv.com/sports/11467-omagbemi-invites-40-players-awcon-qualifiers|title=Omagbemi Invites 40 Players for AWCON Qualifiers {{!}} Silverbird Television|last=Awosiyan|first=Kunle|date=1 March 2016|website=Silver Bird Television|publisher=The Silverbird Group|location=Nigeria|access-date=25 October 2016|accessdate=4 March 2017|archivedate=25 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025195048/http://silverbirdtv.com/sports/11467-omagbemi-invites-40-players-awcon-qualifiers}}</ref> == Early life == Amụrụ Ihezuo na esi 30 nke ọnwa anọ na afọ 1997 na Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://punchng.com/ajegunle-boys-made-me-fall-in-love-with-football-ihezuo/|title=Ajegunle boys made me fall in love with football — Ihezuo – Punch Newspapers|last=Ojoye|first=Taiwo|date=April 24, 2016|work=|publisher=Punch Newspapers|newspaper=Punch Newspapers|location=Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=October 25, 2016|via=}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2017/clubs/player=250099803/index.html|title=UEFA Women's Champions League – Chinwendu Ihezuo|last=UEFA|first=|date=|website=UEFA|publisher=UEFA|access-date=October 25, 2016}}</ref> Ọmụmụ na ọzụzụ ya bụ kwa na ebe ndi ogbenye ọnụ ntụ nke Ajegunle. Nwa ada nkea toro ogologo nke ọnụ ọgụ 1.7{{Height|m=1.7}}. Nne na nna ya nyere ya nkwalite nke pụrụ iche mgbe obidoro kụba bọọlụ. Nne ya tinyere ya aka ma were ego nke ọna enweghi enwe zụtara ya uwe nke eji egwu eguruegwu ukwu na ahia di na obodo ha. Na oge agbọghọbia ya n'ile, ya na ụmụ okorobia ndi nke bi na Ajegunle kụkọtara ya bu eguruegwu ukwu. Obodo ndi ogbenye ọnụ ntụ nkea ana akpọ Ajegunle ebipụtala ụfọdụ ụmụ okorobia pụrụ iche ndi nke na egwu eguruegwu ukwu na obodo Naijiriya. Ma ruo echi, ọ na amasi nwa ada Ihezuo ka ya na ụmụ okorobia na egwukọrita eguruegwu ukwu. == Club career == Ihezuo bidoro kụwa bọọlụ na otu ndi nke ana akpọ BIIK Kazygurt nke di na obodo Kazakhstan na afo 2016. O binyere ha otu afọ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://starconnectmedia.com/2016/10/19/chiwendu-ihezuo-arrives-trains-with-falconets/|title=Chiwendu Ihezuo Arrives, Trains With Falconets|last=starconnect|first=|date=October 19, 2016|website=Starconnect|publisher=Starconnect Media|location=Nigeria|access-date=October 25, 2016|accessdate=May 3, 2017|archivedate=October 25, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025174428/http://starconnectmedia.com/2016/10/19/chiwendu-ihezuo-arrives-trains-with-falconets/}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/chinwendu-ihezuo_prs332057/person.shtml|title=Chinwendu Ihezuo – Player Profile – Football|last=|first=|date=|work=|newspaper=Eurosport|access-date=October 25, 2016|via=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026005848/http://www.eurosport.com/football/chinwendu-ihezuo_prs332057/person.shtml|archive-date=October 26, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.today.ng/sport/199114/ihezuo-arrives-falconets-camp-u20-womens-cup|title=Ihezuo arrives Falconets camp for U20 Women’s World Cup » TODAY.ng|last=Iroha-Udoka|first=Jude|date=October 18, 2016|work=|publisher=TODAY Digital News and Media Limited|newspaper=TODAY|location=Akwa Ibom, Southern Nigeria|access-date=October 25, 2016|via=}}</ref> Na afọ nke Ihezuo kụrụ ha bọọlụ, o yinyere uwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ iri na itolu ma rite uru egwuregwu ụkwụ iri na isii na apụmapụ iri abụọ.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":10" /> Oso kwa ndi otu ya ma gwuo egwuregwu ụkwụ nke 2016-17 UEFA Women's Champions League, ebe obidoro egwuregwu na apụmapụ abụọ.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":10" /> == References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ihezuo, Chinwendu}} [[Category:Wikipedia Igbo Women Edit-a-thon]] [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] mxu7bi47cjnohyugg5v0321ayqqjggx 2 9452 743853 65457 2026-11-08T02:31:13Z ListeriaBot 9801 Wikidata list updated [V2] 743853 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q963 Scholia for Botswana] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q963 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q493141|University of Botswana]]'' | 8 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q493141|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q493141/missing|📖]] |- | [[Afrịka Continent Free Trade Area|Mpaghara Azụmahịa Afrịka]] | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2856101|Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2856101|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2856101/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} q08jhrno8hi1ucvfeq2c6gbikgevfr6 2 9489 743811 743107 2026-11-07T15:50:48Z ListeriaBot 9801 Wikidata list updated [V2] 743811 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q948 Scholia for Tunesia] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q948 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! 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[[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q428136/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236035|Faculty of Human and Social Sciences of Tunis]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236035|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236035/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q91611455|Faculty of Sciences of Sfax]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q91611455|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q91611455/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q100979927|Kairouan Yeshiva]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100979927|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100979927/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12193455|Institut supérieur de théologie de Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193455|51]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193455/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12193512|Higher Institute of Music]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193512|51]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12193512/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16684287|Higher School of War]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16684287|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16684287/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q540341|University of Sfax]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q540341|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q540341/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56085233|Wikimedians of Tamazight User Group]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12244312|Institut des Hautes Etudes de Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244312|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244312/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1291779|Al-Zaytunah Mosque]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1291779|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1291779/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q139770999|Akkad Productions]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q139770999|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q139770999/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16529070|Association for the protection of the medina of Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16529070|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16529070/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22928671|Normal Higher School of Tunis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22928671|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22928671/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3152109|Institut de Recherche sur le Maghreb Contemporain]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152109|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152109/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3268554|Alaoui Lyceum]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3268554|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3268554/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3513937|Taht Essour]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3513937|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3513937/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q108866852|Bouden Cabinet]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108866852|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108866852/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12192657|École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192657|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192657/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12206036|Jamʻīyat al-Muʻjamīyah al-ʻArabīyah bi-Tūnis]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12206036|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12206036/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135063577|Merian Centre for Advanced Studies in the Maghreb (MECAM)]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q135063577|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q135063577/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2860551|National Archives of Tunisia]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2860551|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2860551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3416753|Radio Monastir]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3416753|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3416753/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551596|University of Jendouba]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551596|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551596/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551602|University of Kairouan]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551602|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551602/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551673|University of Sousse]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551673|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551673/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551710|Manouba University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551710/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4672520|Access Now]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4672520|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4672520/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q586066|Tunisian Communist Party]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q586066|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q586066/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q649578|University of Gabès]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q649578|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q649578/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q852223|Carthage University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q852223|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q852223/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q96271739|Histoire des Économies et des Sociétés Méditerranéennes]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96271739|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96271739/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q96272020|LR16AGR01]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96272020|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96272020/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q96272176|LR18ES30]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96272176|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96272176/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} sifuvc8q09cv4yenb2y2nbg2tkfhvys 0 10338 743845 724786 2026-11-08T00:28:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chibuike Iteogu''' (amuru ya na abali iri-abuo na anọ '''n’onwa itoolụ afọ''' 1985) bu onye krikita nke ndi [[Naijiria]] <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/522414.html|title=Chibuike Iteogu}}</ref> Na Septemba 2018, akpọrọ ya na ndị otu Naijiria maka 2018 Afrịka T20 Cup . <ref name="NGRSquad">{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2018/09/09/yellow-greens-departs-the-shores-of-the-country-for-africa-t-20-cup-in-south-africa/|title=Yellow Greens Departs the Shores of the Country for Africa T20 Cup in South South Africa|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910170532/http://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2018/09/09/yellow-greens-departs-the-shores-of-the-country-for-africa-t-20-cup-in-south-africa/|archive-date=2018-09-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ mere Twenty20 nke izizi ya maka Naịjirịa na 2018 Afrịka T20 Cup na abali iri na ise n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2018. <ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157413.html|title=Pool D, Africa T20 Cup at Paarl, Sep 15 2018}}</ref> == Ebe m si nwete == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Chibuike Iteogu at ESPNcricinfo {{DEFAULTSORT:Iteogu, Chibuike}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9jly3azzsooospoxbqs72390gdso0sx 0 10699 743858 727591 2026-11-08T04:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ugochi Desire Oparanozie''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị 17 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1993) bụ onye [[Naijiria|Naijirịa]] na-agba bọọlụ n'ọnọdụ onye na-anọ n'ihu na Dijon FCO <ref name="twitter.com">{{Cite web|title=https://twitter.com/dfco_officiel/status/1277986475011903489|url=https://twitter.com/dfco_officiel/status/1277986475011903489|accessdate=2020-06-30|work=Twitter|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Désiré Oparanozie est Dijonnaise !">{{Cite web|title=Désiré Oparanozie est Dijonnaise !|url=http://www.dfco.fr/articles/F6556438-57F6-4CCE-85EE-D6E61E8E700E|accessdate=2020-06-30|work=dfco.fr|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726012222/https://www.dfco.fr/articles/F6556438-57F6-4CCE-85EE-D6E61E8E700E|archive-date=2021-07-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> nakwa Otu bọọlụ mba Naijirịa . == Ọrụ klọb == [[Usòrò:DesireOparanozie08.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb| Desire Oparanozie na -egwu Ataşehir Belediyespor na egwuregwu ụlọ megide Kdz. Ereğlispor (2013 - 14)]] Oparanozie malitere ọrụ ya na Bayelsa Queens na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa were kwaga Delta Queens n'afọ 2010. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa abụọ na mbinye ego na Düvenciler Lisesispor na Turkish Women's First Football League n'afọ 2011, tupu ọ laghachite na Delta Queens. <ref name="transfer">{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerdonna.de/de/desire-oparanozie/transfers/spieler_6531.html|title=Desire Oparanozie transfers|language=de|publisher=SoccerDonna.de|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, o sonyeere Rossiyanka site n'asọmpi bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Rọshịa, ya na ha gbara egwuregwu anọ na 2012-13 UEFA Champions League, na -enweta otu goolu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2013/clubs/player=250031291/index.html|title=Player Champions League profile|publisher=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref> Oparanozie sonyeere klọb Bundesliga bụ VfL Wolfsburg maka oge 2013-14 ma bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Neue Angreiferin|url=https://www.vfl-wolfsburg.de/info/frauen/aktuelles/detailseite/artikel/neue-angreiferin.html|publisher=vfl-wolfsburg.de|accessdate=13 June 2013|date=19 June 2013|language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Juchem|first=Markus|title=VfL Wolfsburg verpflichtet Desire Oparanozie|url=http://www.womensoccer.de/2013/06/13/vfl-wolfsburg-verpflichtet-desire-oparanozie/|publisher=WomenSoccer|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=13 June 2013|archivedate=28 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328101037/http://www.womensoccer.de/2013/06/13/vfl-wolfsburg-verpflichtet-desire-oparanozie/}}</ref> Na ọkara mbụ nke oge ahụ, ọ pụtara naanị n'otu egwuregwu, ọ na -agbakarị bọọlụ na otu bọọlụ Wolfsburg nke abụọ. N'oge oyi, mgbe ọkara oge ahụ gachara, ọ hapụrụ Wolfsburg. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Juchem|first=Markus|title=VfL Wolfsburg trennt sich von Desire Oparanozie|url=http://www.womensoccer.de/2013/06/13/vfl-wolfsburg-verpflichtet-desire-oparanozie/|publisher=WomenSoccer|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=23 January 2014|archivedate=28 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328101037/http://www.womensoccer.de/2013/06/13/vfl-wolfsburg-verpflichtet-desire-oparanozie/}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke 21 n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, Oparanozie bara Ataşehir Belediyespor ka ọ gbaa ọkara nke abụọ nke oge ahụ na [[:en:Turkish_Women's_First_Football_League|Turkish Women's First Football League]] . <ref name="tff1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=30&kisiId=1684625|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Futbolcular-Ugochi Desire Oparanozie|language=tr|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> === Guingamp === Maka 2014 - 15 o banyere Guingamp nke Division 1 Féminine ndị Frans, <ref name="transfer" /> ebe onye isi otu bọọlụ mba Naijirịa bụ Evelyn Nwabuoku sonyere ya n'oge sochirinụ. Tupu oge 2019-20, e mere Oparanozie onye isi klọb, o were bido ọchịchị ya nke ọma site na imeri Metz n'ụbọchị mmalite nke oge ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://au.sports.yahoo.com/oparanozie-nigeria-striker-captains-guingamp-175853564.html|title=Oparanozie: Nigeria striker captains Guingamp to winning start against Metz|work=au.sports.yahoo.com|language=en-AU|accessdate=2019-09-20|archivedate=2019-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920150712/https://au.sports.yahoo.com/oparanozie-nigeria-striker-captains-guingamp-175853564.html}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke 30 n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2020, Dijon FCO kwupụtara na ọ bịanyela aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref name="twitter.com" /> <ref name="Désiré Oparanozie est Dijonnaise !" /> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Guingamp, ndị na-eso ụzọ ya gụrụ ebe nkwụsị ụgbọ ala Oparanozie na Guingamp mgbe ọ nọchara ogologo oge na klọb bọọlụ Frans. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Denis Oparanozie Bus-stop|url=https://www.mysportdab.com/2020/09/desire-oparanozie-bus-stop-in-france-named-after-super-falcons-player/|publisher=MySportDab|accessdate=20 September 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Dị ka onye junịọ na mba ụwa, o nyere goolu 2 na 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup nakwa goolu 3 na asọmpi 2012 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/archive/germany2010/statistics/players/goal-scored.html|title=Players – Top goals|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327135238/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/archive/germany2010/statistics/players/goal-scored.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/archive/japan2012/statistics/players/goal-scored.html|title=Players – Top goals|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327161159/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/archive/japan2012/statistics/players/goal-scored.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oparanozie bụrịị onye otu otu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa kemgbe afọ 2010, na-esonye n'asọmpi FIFA Women World Cup nke afọ 2011, 2015, n'afọ 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada and Nigeria seek consolation win|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255997/match=300144428/preview.html|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=4 July 2011|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608195539/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255997/match=300144428/preview.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oparanozie: No words to explain this feeling|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/y=2015/m=6/news=oparanozie-no-words-to-explain-this-feeling-2626257.html|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=9 June 2015|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111062818/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/y=2015/m=6/news=oparanozie-no-words-to-explain-this-feeling-2626257.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'Eprel afọ 2019, onye nchịkwa Thomas Dennerby họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ọhụụ otu bọọlụ nke Naịjirịa, ma too Oparanozie maka 'ọzụzụ na ezi agwa ya'. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/why-i-made-desire-oparanozie-super-falcons-captain-dennerby/|title=Why I made Desire Oparanozie Super Falcons Captain - Dennerby|author=Saliu|first=Mo|date=2019-04-12|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-20|archivedate=2019-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920150712/https://www.brila.net/why-i-made-desire-oparanozie-super-falcons-captain-dennerby/}}</ref> N'ịgbaso <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="2019 FIFA Women's World Cup" class="cx-link" data-linkid="158">2019 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>, n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi, o kpọrọ oku maka ịkwụ ụgwọ nha nha n'otu bọọlụ Naịjirịa, na -ekwupụta ndịiche n'ime ego na onyinye ndị otu nwoke nwetara. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49168538|title=Desire Oparanozie demands equal pay for Nigeria's women's side|date=2019-07-30|accessdate=2019-09-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Usòrò:DesireOparanozie04.JPG|thumb|Desire Oparanozie]] Ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị otu Naịjirịa nke [[:en:African_Women's_Championship|African Women's Championship]] nke afọ 2010 na 2014, afọ 2016 na 2018, meriri asọmpi anọ niile. Ọ nyere goolu dịgasị mkpa na ngwụcha 2014 na 2016. <ref>{{Cite news|title=African International Competitions|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/9049468.stm|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria reclaim African women's title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29739296|accessdate=10 November 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=25 October 2014}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == === Mbaụwa === '''Naịjirịa''' * <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Women's_Championship" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="African Women's Championship" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="170">African Women's Championship</a> : 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018 '''Nkeonwe''' * [[:en:2014_African_Women's_Championship|2014 African Women's Championship]]: Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọla edo === Klọb === '''Delta Queens''' * <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Women's_Championship" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Nigerian Women's Championship" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="181">Nigerian Women's Championship</a>: : 2011, 2012 == Ebemsidee == {{reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{FIFA player|300600}} * {{UEFA player|250031291}} * {{Soccerway|desire-oparanozie/135292}} * [http://www.statsfootofeminin.fr/joueur.php?joueur=8692&id=382 Player stats in France] {{in lang|fr}} at statsfootofeminin.fr {{DEFAULTSORT:Oparanozie, Desire}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jw5dj7iegz97n99fr1496am7xq169yx 0 11911 743863 720933 2026-11-08T04:52:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Yuzovka'' around the metallurgical factory of the Welshman John Hughes. The settlement was established in lands of Yevdokim Shydlovsky, who received them upon destruction of the [[Zaporizhian Sich]] in 1775.<br />{{note|2}}The population of the metropolitan area is from 2004.|p2=[[Voroshylov Raion]]|p4=[[Kiev Raion]]|parts=List of 9|p5=[[Kirov Raion, Donetsk|Kirov Raion]]|p6=[[Kuibyshev Raion]]|p7=[[Lenin Raion, Donetsk|Lenin Raion]]|p8=[[Petrovskyi Raion]]|p9=[[Proletarian Raion]]|timezone=EET|utc_offset=+2|timezone_DST=EEST|utc_offset_DST=+3|blank_name=[[Licence plate]]|blank_info=АН|blank1_name=[[Town twinning|Sister cities]]|blank1_info=<small>[[Bochum]], [[Charleroi]], [[Kutaisi]], [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Sheffield]], [[Taranto]], [[Moscow]], [[Vilnius]]</small>|blank2_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|p1=[[Budionny Raion]]|parts_style=list|official_name=Donetsk|pushpin_relief=1|native_name={{lang|uk|Донецьк}}|other_name={{lang|ru|Донецк}}|translit_lang1=[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|translit_lang1_type1=[[Romanization of Ukrainian|Romanization]]|translit_lang1_info1=Donetsk|translit_lang1_type2=[[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic|Scholarly]]|translit_lang1_info2=Doneck|settlement_type=[[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|City of regional significance]]|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo1a = Самый большой храм Донецка. - panoramio.jpg|px300{{!}} | photo2a = Донбас палас.jpg{{!}} | photo2b = Площадь Ленина 052.jpg{{!}} | photo3a = Памятник Ленину (пл. им. Ленина, Донецк).jpg{{!}} | photo3b = Театр оперы и балета им. Анатолия Соловьяненко, Донецк-2017 г.jpg{{!}} | photo4a = 349-360 e.jpg{{!}} | photo4b = | photo5a = | photo5b = | color = white | color_border = white | position = center | spacing = 2 | size = 266 | foot_montage = }}|image_caption=Top-down, left-right: Cathedral Transfiguration of Jesus (big image), [[Donbass Palace]], [[Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre|Drama Theatre]], Lenin Square, [[Donetsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after A. Solovyanenko|Opera Theatre]], bridge on Ilicha Prospect|image_flag=Flag of Donetsk.svg|image_shield=Greater Coat of Arms of Donetsk (1995).svg|shield_size=110px|pushpin_map=Ukraine Donetsk Oblast#Ukraine#Europe|coordinates={{coord|48|00|10|N|37|48|19|E|region:UA|display= inline,title}}|parts_type=[[#Government and administrative divisions|Raions]]|subdivision_type=Country (de jure)|subdivision_name={{Flag|Ukraine}}|subdivision_type1=[[International recognition of Donetsk and Luhansk|Country (de facto)]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}|subdivision_type2=[[Administrative division of Ukraine|Oblast]]|subdivision_name2={{flag| Donetsk Oblast}}|subdivision_type3=[[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[File:Flag of Donetsk.svg|22px|border]] Donetsk City|established_title=Founded|established_date=1869{{ref|1}}|established_title2=City rights|established_date2=1917|established_title3=Capital of Donetsk People's Republic|established_date3=2014|blank2_info=[[Cool-summer humid continental climate|Dfb]]}} '''Donetsk''' UK UK : / dɒ ˈnjətsk / don - don-, US : / də ˈn ( j ) ɛ t sk / də-N (Y)ETSK ; ] Ukrainian  [doˈnɛtsʲk] ( <nowiki></img></nowiki> , Russian  [dɐˈnʲetsk] ), nke a na-akpọbu '''Aleksandrovka''', '''Yuzivka''' (ma ọ bụ '''Hughesovka''' ), '''Stalin''' na '''Stalino''' ( <small>leekwa: aha ndị ọzọ nke obodo</small> ), bụ obodo mepere emepe na ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri Kalmius na mpaghara Donetsk na esemokwu. Mgbe mba ụwa ghọtara dị ka na Ukraine, obodo bụ n'okpuru ''de facto'' ochichi nke Donetsk People's Republic, nke na-azọrọ na ya dị ka isi obodo. E mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 905,364 (2021 est.) na isi obodo, yana ihe karịrị nde 2 na mpaghara mepere emepe (2011). Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Ukraine 2001 si kwuo, Donetsk bụ obodo nke ise nke kachasị na Ukraine. <ref name="ukrcensus1">{{Cite web|title=Results / General results of the census / Number of cities|work=[[Ukrainian Census (2001)|2001 Ukrainian Census]]|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/|accessdate=28 August 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109012020/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/|archivedate=9 January 2006}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Flag of Donetsk.svg|thumb|Donetsk]] Na nchịkwa, Donetsk abụrụla etiti mpaghara Donetsk, ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụ isi obodo na-akwadoghị na obodo kachasị ukwuu nke akụ na ụba na ọdịbendị ka ukwuu Donets Basin ( ''Donbas'' ) mpaghara. Donetsk dị n'akụkụ isi obodo ọzọ, Makiivka, yana obodo ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu na-etolite nnukwu obodo mepere emepe na mkpọmkpọ ebe na mpaghara ahụ. Donetsk abụrụla nnukwu ebe akụ na ụba, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na sayensị nke Ukraine nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ yana ndị ọrụ nwere nkà. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ (nke kachasị mmepụta ígwè, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, na ngwuputa coal) kpebiri ọnọdụ ebe obibi na-ama aka nke obodo ahụ. N'afọ 2012, otu akụkọ UN depụtara Donetsk n'etiti obodo ndị mmadụ na-ebi ngwa ngwa n'ụwa. <ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/cities-that-are-shrinking-2012-10?r=US&IR=T The 28 Fastest-Shrinking Cities In The World]</ref> Ebe obibi mbụ dị na ndịda nke akụkụ Europe nke Alaeze Ukwu Russia bụ nke mbụ a kpọrọ Aleksandrovka na 1779, n'oge ọchịchị nke Empress Catherine the Great. . N'afọ 1869, onye ọchụnta ego Welsh bụ John Hughes tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ nchara na ọtụtụ ebe a na -egwupụta coal na mpaghara ahụ, a na-akpọkwa obodo ahụ Hughesovka ma ọ bụ Yuzovka (Юзовка) n'ihi ọrụ ya ("Yuz" bụ mkpokọta asụsụ Russian nke ''Hughes'' ). N'oge Soviet, ụlọ ọrụ ígwè nke obodo ahụ gbasaa. Na 1924, Yuzovka gbanwere aha Stalin. Na 1929 Stalin e renamed Stalino, na 1932 obodo ghọrọ etiti nke Donetsk mpaghara. A kpọgharịrị aha Donetsk (nakwa '''Donetske''', dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Kharkiv ) na 1961, obodo taa ka bụ ebe etiti maka ngwupụta kol na ụlọ ọrụ nchara . Kamgbe April 2014 Donetsk na gburugburu ya bụ otu n'ime isi saịtị nke ọgụ na-aga n'ihu Donbas War, dị ka pro-Russian separatist agha agha Ukraine agha agha maka ịchịkwa obodo na gburugburu ebe. N'ime agha ahụ niile, obodo Donetsk a na-elekọta ndị agha pro-Russian separatist dị ka etiti nke Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), na mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke mpaghara Donetsk kewara n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Weaver|first=Matthew|date=13 February 2015|title=Ukraine ceasefire deal agreed at Minsk talks|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/ukraine-crisis-reports-emerge-of-agreement-in-minsk-talks|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> Ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa Donetsk ghọrọ ebe mbụ agha ahụ ji ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu afọ na-alụ ọgụ nke butere oke ọnwụ n'etiti ndị nkịtị na mbibi nke mpaghara ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo {{As of|2021|July}}, the DPR has full control of the city, with Ukrainian and DPR forces still engaging in combat outside of the city. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ntọala === [[Usòrò:Школа_детей_английской_администрации_ЮМЗ_004.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ụlọ a bụbu ụlọ akwụkwọ na-asụ Bekee maka ndị Britain na Yuzovka]] [[Usòrò:1887._Новый_свет._Базар.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| A ahịa na isi okporo ámá nke ''Novyi Svet'' ngalaba nke Yuzovka. (1887)]] Otu n'ime ndị mbụ Ngwuputa obodo na ókèala Donetsk bụ Aleksandrovka [ ru ] . Achọpụtara ịdị adị nke Aleksandrovskaya Cossack ''Sloboda'' n'ọnọdụ ya na 1779. N'ikpeazụ, Aleksandrovsky coal mine [ ru ] ka e meghere ebe ahụ. E hiwere obodo Donetsk na 1869 mgbe onye ọchụnta ego Welsh bụ John Hughes na-arụ ọrụ nchara na ọtụtụ ogbunigwe na Aleksandrovka. Nkwa nke onye ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ jikọtara Aleksandrovka ma kpọọ ebe ahụ Yuzovo, emesịa Yuzovka ( Russian ), mgbe Hughes gasịrị. <ref>''Yuz'' is a Russian or Ukrainian approximation of Hughes</ref> N'oge mmalite ya, ọ natara ndị si Wales, ọkachasị n'obodo Merthyr Tydfil . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Evans|first=Martin|date=June 11, 2012|title=Euro 2012: Donetsk's roots have more in common with Merthyr Tydfil than Moscow|publisher=Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/euro-2012/9323465/Euro-2012-Donetsks-roots-have-more-in-common-with-Merthyr-Tydfil-than-Moscow.html|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/euro-2012/9323465/Euro-2012-Donetsks-roots-have-more-in-common-with-Merthyr-Tydfil-than-Moscow.html|archivedate=12 January 2022|accessdate=2014-08-09}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, Yuzovka nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 50,000, <ref>The population included mostly migrants from neighbouring Russian territories</ref> wee nweta ọkwa obodo na 1917. <ref name="lukianchenko">{{Cite web|date=31 August 2004|language=ru|work=Official site of the Head of Donetsk City|url=http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=7&type=1|accessdate=7 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127190501/http://lukyanchenko.dn.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=7&type=1|archivedate=27 January 2007}}</ref> A na-akpọ isi mpaghara Yuzovka English Colony, na mmalite obodo Britain na-egosipụtakwa na nhazi ya na nhazi ya. === Soviet Union === [[Usòrò:День_Победы_в_Донецке,_2010_036.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ihe ncheta maka ndị nnwere onwe nke Donbas, nke a raara nye ndị agha napụtara Donbas n'aka ndị Nazi n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ .]] Mgbe agha obodo Russia dara, Yuzovka bụ akụkụ nke Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic site na nkwupụta nke nnwere onwe na 12 February 1918. Ebisara Republic na 2nd All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets na 20 Maachị 1918, mgbe e kwupụtara nnwere onwe nke Ukrainian Soviet Republic . Ọ dabara nke ọma, ma mba ụwa ma ọ bụ site na Russian SFSR, ma kagburu ya n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta nke Brest-Litovsk . Na 1924, n'okpuru ọchịchị Soviet, a gbanwere aha obodo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ''Stalin'' . N'afọ ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'obodo ahụ ruru 63,708, na n'afọ na-esote, 80,085. Na 1929–31 a gbanwere aha obodo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ''Stalino'' . <ref name="alldonetsk.info">https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183935/http://alldonetsk.info/en/history-city-donetsk The history of the city of Donetsk</ref> Obodo ahụ enweghị usoro mmiri ọṅụṅụ ruo 1931, mgbe 55.3 km (34.4 mi) usoro e tọrọ n'okpuruala. Na July 1933, obodo ahụ ghọrọ ebe nchịkwa nke Donetsian Oblast nke Ukrainian SSR . <ref name="lukianchenko"/> Na 1933, 12 nke mbụ arụnyere sistemu nsị, na ojiji nke gas malitere n'afọ ọzọ. Ebe ụfọdụ  kwuru na a kpọchara obodo ahụ Trotsk n’oge dị mkpirikpi—mgbe Leon Trotsky gasịrị—ruo ọnwa ole na ole ná ngwụsị 1923. [[Usòrò:Stadtplan_Stalino_LOC_2012593213.jpg|thumb| A German map nke obodo na 1943, rịba ama na niile n'okporo ámá e nyere German aha.]] Ná mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị bi na Stalino dị 507,000; Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, 175,000. Mwakpo nke ndị Nazi Germany fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ibibi obodo ahụ kpam kpam. Ndị agha German na Ịtali were ya dị ka akụkụ nke Reichskommissariat Ukraine n'etiti 16 Ọktoba 1941 na 5 Septemba 1943. E wughachiri ya n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị. Na 1945, ụmụ okorobịa na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị dị afọ 17 ruo 35, sitere na obodo Danube Swabian <nowiki><i id="mwoQ">(Schwowe)</i></nowiki> nke Yugoslavia, [[Hungary]] na [[Romania]] ( Batschka na Banat ), ezigara Russia n'ike dị ka Allied "nkwụghachi ụgwọ agha", na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọrụ ohu iji wughachi Stalino na ịrụ ọrụ na ogbunigwe ya. Ọnọdụ ndị ahụ dara nke ukwuu nke na ọtụtụ ndị nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Das politische Bewusstsein|url=http://www.hog-kernei.de/PDF/Internierung%20und%20Vertreibung.pdf|accessdate=2013-03-26}}</ref> N'oge ebili mmiri nke abụọ nke Nikita Khrushchev nke mbibi na Nọvemba 1961, a kpọgharịrị obodo ahụ Donetsk, aha Osimiri Seversky Donets, nke dị na Don <ref name="lukianchenko"/> iji mee ka ọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na onye ndu mbụ Joseph Stalin . Na 1965, na Donetsk Academy nke Sciences e guzobere dị ka akụkụ nke Academy nke Sciences nke Ukraine SSR . === Ukraine nọọrọ onwe ya === Mgbe ọ nwesịrị oge siri ike na 1990s, mgbe ọ bụ ebe etiti agha ndị otu maka ịchịkwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe,, Donetsk mere ngwa ngwa, nke ukwuu n'okpuru nduzi nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. Na 1994, e mere referendum na Donetsk Oblast na Luhansk Oblast, na gburugburu 90% kwadoro nkwenye nke Russian dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị n'akụkụ Ukraine., na maka Russian na-bụ nanị ukara asụsụ na a mpaghara larịị; otu o sila dị, ndị ọchịchị Kyiv kagburu referendum ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Morin|first=Yevgenii|url=http://thekievtimes.ua/society/372400-donbass-zabytyj-referendum-1994.html|language=ru|work=The Kiev Times|date=12 May 2014|accessdate=14 December 2016|title=Archive copy|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205101718/http://thekievtimes.ua/society/372400-donbass-zabytyj-referendum-1994.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nakanune.ru/articles/18807/|language=ru|publisher=Nakanune.ru|date=26 March 2014|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref>  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ ndị 1990 na oge 2000, e gburu ọtụtụ narị n'ime ogbunigwe i na Donetsk na mpaghara ahụ. Ndị a gụnyere mkpọmkpọ coal nke Ukraine n'afọ 2008, ọdachi ogbunigwe Zasyadko nke afọ 2007, na ọdachi ahụ mere n'afọ 2015 nke Zasyadko . Ukraine enweela ọtụtụ ihe mberede n'ịgbapụta ihe kemgbe ọdịda Soviet Union na 1991, otu ihe kpatara ya bụ njikọ nke ụgwọ ọrụ nke ndị na-egwuputa ihe na mmepụta ihe, bụ ihe mkpali ileghara usoro nchebe anya nke na-ebelata mmepụta ihe. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7103086.stm|title=Ukraine's mine death toll rises|work=[[BBC News]]|date=20 November 2007|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> Na nzuko e nwere na Moscow na 2008, a ghọtara Donetsk dị ka obodo kacha mma na Commonwealth of Independent States maka atụmatụ mmepe ya etinyere.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.utro.ua/ru/zhizn/donetsk_priznan_luchshim_gorodom_sng_4a07e7a7c5ef7|language=ru|publisher=Utro.ua|date=8 April 2008|accessdate=14 December 2016|title=Archive copy|archive-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110140701/http://www.utro.ua/ru/zhizn/donetsk_priznan_luchshim_gorodom_sng_4a07e7a7c5ef7|url-status=dead}}</ref> na 2012 na 2013 Donetsk ghọtara dị ka ebe kacha mma maka azụmahịa na [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://lb.ua/economics/2013/06/27/209344_donetsk_priznali_luchshim_gorodom.html|language=ru|publisher=Lb.ua|date=27 June 2013|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/economics/_doneck-vtoroj-god-podryad-priznayut-samym-privlekatelnym-v-ukraine-dlya-biznesa/508042|language=ru|publisher=Gazeta.ua|date=22 July 2013|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/news/2013/07/22/386434/|language=ru|publisher=Epravda.com.ua|date=22 July 2013|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> Ka ọ na-enweta otuto maka ikike azụmahịa ya, Donetsk nwetakwara nkatọ maka njikọ mafia siri ike nke oligarchy ya na-eto eto, yana maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye na-abawanye. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Natalia|author=Kommodova|url=http://www.ostro.org/donetsk/society/articles/67015/|language=ru|publisher=Ostro.org|date=4 August 2009|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị nyocha dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ọdịda Donetsk ogologo oge; na na ọ nwere ike ịkekọrịta ọnọdụ ọjọọ [[Detroit]] n'ihi ọdịda ya ịlụso mpụ na ịda ogbenye ọgụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makeevkainfo.com.ua/content/pochemu-doneck-zhdet-sudba-detroyta|language=ru|publisher=Makeevkainfo.com.ua|date=24 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703220200/http://makeevkainfo.com.ua/content/pochemu-doneck-zhdet-sudba-detroyta|archivedate=3 July 2014}}</ref>  === Donetsk People's Republic (2014-dị ugbu a) === [[Usòrò:2014-05-11._Референдум_в_Донецке_017.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Referendum nke ndị nnupụisi haziri. Ahịrị iji banye ebe ntuli aka, Mee 11, 2014]] [[File:2014-03-01._Протесты_в_Донецке._У_областного_совета_поднимают_российский_флаг.ogv|áká_èkpè|thumb|Russian flag being raised in Donetsk, 1 March 2014]] Mgbe Onye isi ala Yanukovych gbapụrụ na Ukraine ịchọ mgbaba na Russia, ndị na-agbachitere Russia na-akwado weghaara Ọchịchị Oblast State Administration [ uk ] (OSA), isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, na Donetsk. Ndị uwe ojii enyeghị mmegide. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/politics/_v-donecke-neskolko-soten-radikalov-s-krikami-rossiya-shturmuyut-oga/545225|title=В Донецке несколько сотен радикалов с криками "Россия" штурмуют ОГА|date=3 March 2014|publisher=Gazeta.ua|accessdate=3 March 2014}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị na izu ndị ọchịchị nke Donetsk disallowed a referendum na ọnọdụ nke mpaghara <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://novosti.dn.ua/details/219796/|title=Новости Донбасса :: The authorities of Donetsk region don't want a referendum and they opposed 'foreign scenarios' – video report|publisher=Novosti.dn.ua|date=9 March 2014|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> na uwe ojii retook Donetsk OSA ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Lina|author=Kushch|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-donetsk-idUSBREA250CW20140306|title=Ukrainian flag again flies over Donetsk regional HQ|work=[[Reuters]]|date=6 March 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|first=Andrew|author=Roth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/world/europe/ukrainian-officials-in-east-move-to-blunt-pro-russia-forces.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0|title=Ukrainian Officials in East Act to Blunt Pro-Russian Forces|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 March 2014|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> Donetsk ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị emmepe nke 2014 pro-Russian esemokwu na Ukraine . Na 7 April 2014, pro-Russian ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị weghaara ikike nke Donetsk OSA ma kwupụta " Donetsk People's Republic ", na-arịọ maka enyemaka Russia. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/donetsk-proclaims-independence-from-ukraine/article5883598.ece|title=Donetsk proclaims independence from Ukraine|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 April 2014|accessdate=7 April 2014|author=Radyuhin|first=Vladimir}}</ref> Na 11 May 2014, a Donetsk ọnọdụ referendum, 2014 e ẹkenịmde ke Donetsk nke ndị ntuli aka nwere ike họrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nnwere onwe. Onye isi kọmishọna nhoputa ndi ochichi nke kpọsara onwe ya Donetsk People's Republic, Roman Lyagin, kwuru na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 90 nke ndị mere ntuli aka na mpaghara Donetsk kwadoro nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na Kyiv . Ukraine anaghị aghọta referendum, mgbe EU na US kwuru na ntuli aka bụ iwu na-akwadoghị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27369500|title=Ukraine crisis: Eastern rebels claim 'self-rule' poll victory|date=12 May 2014|accessdate=12 May 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref> Mgbọ ogbunigwe nke ndị agha Yukren na ndị otu ndị agha akpatala ọnwụ ndị nkịtị na Donetsk. <ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28788945 Ukraine crisis: Shells hit Donetsk amid Russia convoy row]". [[BBC News]]. August 14, 2014.</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20200711093520/http://www.euronews.com/2014/08/12/kyiv-s-troops-surround-separatist-stronghold-donetsk-civilian-casualties-high/ Kyiv's troops surround separatist stronghold Donetsk, civilian casualties high]". [[Euronews]]. August 12, 2014.</ref> Human Rights Watch akpọkuola akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-alụ ọgụ ka ha kwụsị iji ogbunigwe BM-21 Grad na-adịghị eduzi n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi, ma kwuo na iji usoro ngwa agha ndị a bụ mmebi iwu mba ụwa na ọ nwere ike bụrụ mpụ agha . Ọ kpọkukwara ndị ọgbaghara ahụ ka ha zere ibunye ha n'ebe ndị mmadụ juru. <ref>"[https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/07/24/ukraine-unguided-rockets-killing-civilians Ukraine: Unguided Rockets Killing Civilians Stop Use of Grads in Populated Areas]". [[Human Rights Watch]]. July 24, 2014.</ref> 2015 IIHF World Championship Division I, Group A bụ ndokwa maka 18 ruo 24 April 2015 na Donetsk, ma Ukraine wepụrụ dị ka ndị ọbịa n'ihi esemokwu na-aga n'ihu na mba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Steven Ellis|title=Ukraine Withdraws as Hosts of 2015 Division IA World Championships|url=http://thehockeyhouse.net/international-hockey/ukraine-withdraws-as-hosts-of-2015-division-ia-world-championships/|work=The Hockey House|date=15 August 2014|accessdate=23 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085434/http://thehockeyhouse.net/international-hockey/ukraine-withdraws-as-hosts-of-2015-division-ia-world-championships/|archivedate=19 August 2014}}</ref> Kama Donetsk, a haziri asọmpi ahụ na Kraków, Poland. N'ikpeazụ, Ukraine kwadoro 2017 IIHF World Championship Division I, ọzọ Group A, ma na isi obodo ya, Kyiv . == Geography == [[Usòrò:Kalmius_01.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Atụmatụ nkwata ihe n'akụkụ Kalmius . N'azụ bụ Chervonohvardiyskyi raion nke Makiivka]] Donetsk lina na steppe odida obodo, gbara ya gburugburu gbasasịrị woodland, ugwu nta, nkwata Atụmatụ, osimiri na ọdọ mmiri . A na-ejikarị mpụga ugwu eme ọrụ ugbo. Osimiri Kalmius jikọtara obodo ahụ na Oké Osimiri Azov, nke bụ 95 km (59 mi) n'ebe ndịda, yana mpaghara ntụrụndụ ama ama maka ndị bi na Donetsk. Ogologo eriri nke ala ubi gbara obodo ahụ gburugburu. Obodo ahụ ruru 28 km (17 mi) site n'ebe ugwu ruo na ndịda na 55 km (34 mi) from east to west. Enwere ọdọ mmiri abụọ dị nso: Nyzhnekalmius (60 ha ), na "Oké Osimiri Donetsk" (206).&nbsp;ha). Osimiri 5 na-agafe n'obodo ahụ, gụnyere Kalmius, Asmolivka (13&nbsp;km), Cherepashkyna (23&nbsp;km), Skomoroshka na Bakhmutka. Obodo nwekwara ngụkọta nke 125 ndụmọdụ nkwata. <ref name="Was there a ghetto in Donetsk">{{Cite web|author=Liakh|first=Liudmila|language=ru|publisher=gorod.donbass.com|url=http://www.gorod.donbass.com/archive/html/1941252001.htm|accessdate=7 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903070923/http://www.gorod.donbass.com/archive/html/1941252001.htm|archivedate=3 September 2007}}</ref> === Ihu igwe === Ihu igwe nke Donetsk bụ kọntinent na- ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ ( Köppen : ''Dfb'' ). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=91543&cityname=Donetsk,+Donetsk,+Ukraine&units=|title=Donetsk, Ukraine Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|work=Weatherbase|accessdate=2018-11-13}}</ref> Nkezi okpomọkụ bụ −4.1 Celsius C (25 Celsius F) na Jenụwarị na 21.6 Celsius C (71 °F) na Julaị. Nkezi ọnụọgụ mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ na-agbakọta ụbọchị 162 na ruo 556 millimeters kwa afọ. <ref name="rospogoda.ru">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rospogoda.ru/city3_48.html|title=The Weather in Donetsk|work=rospogoda.ru|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430133346/http://www.rospogoda.ru/city3_48.html|archivedate=30 April 2007|accessdate=5 May 2007}}</ref>{{Weather box|location=Donetsk (1981–2010)|Oct precipitation mm=36.0|Sep humidity=67.0|Aug humidity=60.2|Jul humidity=63.8|Jun humidity=65.7|May humidity=62.0|Apr humidity=65.6|Mar humidity=77.3|Feb humidity=83.7|Jan humidity=86.8|year precipitation mm=503.2|Dec precipitation mm=41.6|Nov precipitation mm=39.1|Sep precipitation mm=42.1|Nov humidity=85.7|Aug precipitation mm=35.9|Jul precipitation mm=52.6|Jun precipitation mm=67.9|May precipitation mm=46.0|Apr precipitation mm=38.8|Mar precipitation mm=33.4|Feb precipitation mm=31.8|Jan precipitation mm=38.0|precipitation colour=green|year record low C=-32.2|Dec record low C=-28.5|Nov record low C=-22.2|Oct record low C=-10.0|Oct humidity=75.9|Dec humidity=87.8|Aug record low C=2.2|Feb snow days=17|source 1=Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |script-title=ru:Погода и Климат: Климат Донецка |language=ru |trans-title=Weather and Climate: Climate of Donetsk |publisher=pogoda.ru.net |url=http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/34519.htm |access-date=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203215156/http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/34519.htm |archive-date=3 February 2012 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=1 March 2022 |archivedate=25 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120741/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34519.htm%20 }}</ref>|year snow days=72|Dec snow days=16|Nov snow days=8|Oct snow days=2|Sep snow days=0|Aug snow days=0|Jul snow days=0|Jun snow days=0|May snow days=0|Apr snow days=2|Mar snow days=10|Jan snow days=17|year humidity=73.5|year rain days=134|Dec rain days=11|Nov rain days=13|Oct rain days=11|Sep rain days=11|Aug rain days=8|Jul rain days=11|Jun rain days=14|May rain days=13|Apr rain days=13|Mar rain days=10|Feb rain days=8|Jan rain days=11|Sep record low C=-6.0|Jul record low C=6.0|metric first=Yes|Jan high C=-1.3|year high C=13.0|Dec high C=-0.3|Nov high C=4.7|Oct high C=13.1|Sep high C=20.7|Aug high C=26.8|Jul high C=27.3|Jun high C=24.8|May high C=20.9|Apr high C=14.5|Mar high C=5.3|Feb high C=-0.9|year record high C=39.1|Feb mean C=-4.1|Dec record high C=15.0|Nov record high C=20.5|Oct record high C=32.7|Sep record high C=33.9|Aug record high C=39.1|Jul record high C=37.8|Jun record high C=38.0|May record high C=34.6|Apr record high C=31.0|Mar record high C=21.3|Feb record high C=16.0|Jan record high C=12.2|single line=Yes|Jan mean C=-4.1|Mar mean C=1.3|Jun record low C=2.1|Jun low C=13.8|May record low C=-2.4|Apr record low C=-10.6|Mar record low C=-21.0|Feb record low C=-31.1|Jan record low C=-32.2|year low C=4.3|Dec low C=-5.4|Nov low C=-1.1|Oct low C=4.5|Sep low C=10.0|Aug low C=15.0|Jul low C=15.9|May low C=10.0|Apr mean C=9.4|Apr low C=4.6|Mar low C=-2.1|Feb low C=-7.0|Jan low C=-6.7|year mean C=8.5|Dec mean C=-2.9|Nov mean C=1.6|Oct mean C=8.5|Sep mean C=15.1|Aug mean C=20.8|Jul mean C=21.6|Jun mean C=19.3|May mean C=15.4|source 2=[[World Meteorological Organization]] (precipitation and humidity)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls | archive-date = 17 July 2021 | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010 | publisher = World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 18 July 2021 | accessdate = 1 March 2022 | archivedate = 17 July 2021 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls }}</ref>}} == Government and administrative divisions == [[Usòrò:Donetsk_downtown_map.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|City centre]] Ebe ọ bụ na 7 April 2014 Donetsk bụ ''de facto'' nke Donetsk Ndị mmadụ Republic na- achị dị ka isi obodo ya. The Donetsk Ndị mmadụ Republic na- adịghị ghọtara mba na ihe niile UN so na- aghọta na obodo dị ka Ukraine. South Ossetia, obodo ọzọ nwere oke ude, ghọtara Donetsk People's Republic dị ka onye nwe obodo yana Donetsk dị ka isi obodo ya. <ref name="SOssetiaKyivPost">{{Cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/south-ossetia-recognizes-donetsk-peoples-republic-353815.html|title=South Ossetia recognizes Donetsk People's Republic|work=Kyiv Post|date=27 June 2014|accessdate=1 August 2015}}</ref> A na-ekewa ókèala Donetsk n'ime 9 nhazi raions (mpaghara), onye ọchịchị obodo na-elekọta site na ''raion kansụl'', bụ ndị nọ n'okpuru Donetsk City Council. {| cellspacing="2px" style="background:none;" | {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%" ! style="width:25px;" | # ! style="width:120px;" | Raions ! style="width:60px;" | Mpaghara ! style="width:80px;" | Ndị mmadụ |- | 1 | Budyonny Raion | style="text-align:right" | 25&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 100,300 |- | 2 | Voroshylov Raion | style="text-align:right" | 10&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 97,300 |- | 3 | Kalinin Raion | style="text-align:right" | 19&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 109,700 |- | 4 | Kyiv Raion | style="text-align:right" | 33&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 143,700 |- | 5 | Kirov Raion | style="text-align:right" | 68&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 171,700 |- | 6 | Kuibyshev Raion | style="text-align:right" | 51&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 120,800 |- | 7 | Lenin Raion | style="text-align:right" | 37&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 107,800 |- | 8 | Petrovsky Raion | style="text-align:right" | 57&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 88,600 |- | 9 | Ndị Proletarian Raion | style="text-align:right" | 58&nbsp;^km2 | style="text-align:right" | 102,800 |} |} == Ọnụọgụ mmadụ == ''Lee akụkọ: Ndị Russia nọ na Ukraine''{{Historical populations|1897<ref>Statistics from the first All-[[Russian Empire Census]], conducted on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 15 January}}</ref>|13=1989<ref>Statistics are from the All Union Census of the Soviet Union, conducted on 12 January 1989.</ref>|21=2015|20=975959|19=2011|18=993500|17=2006<ref>Statistics are from the [[State Statistics Committee of Ukraine]], conducted on 1 January 2006.</ref>|16=1065400|15=1998<ref>Statistics are from the [[State Statistics Committee of Ukraine]], conducted on 1 January 1998.</ref>|14=1109100|12=1020800|28100|11=1979<ref>Statistics are from the All Union Census of the Soviet Union, conducted on 17 January 1979.</ref>|10=879000|9=1970<ref>Statistics are from the All Union Census of the Soviet Union, conducted on 15 January 1970.</ref>|8=699200|7=1959<ref>Statistics are from the All Union Census of the Soviet Union, conducted on 15 January 1959.</ref>|6=466300|5=1939<ref>Statistics are from the All Union Census of the Soviet Union, conducted on 17 January 1939.</ref>|4=106000|1926<ref>Statistics from the [[First All Union Census of the Soviet Union]], conducted on 17 December 1926.</ref>|22=933795}} [[Usòrò:2013._День_Победы_в_Донецке_192.jpg|thumb| Ụbọchị mmeri na Mee 9, 2013]] Donetsk nwere ihe karịrị mmadụ 985,000 bi na 2009<ref name="donetskstat.gov.ua">{{Cite web|language=uk|work=Department of Statistics of the Donetsk Region|url=http://donetskstat.gov.ua/statinform/chisl_ruh1.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422032814/http://donetskstat.gov.ua/statinform/chisl_ruh1.php|archivedate=22 April 2009}}</ref> na ihe karịrị 1,566,000 bi n'ógbè mepere emepe na 2004. Ọ bụ obodo nke ise kasị ibu na Ukraine<ref name="ukrcensus1"/> Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ e mere n'afọ 2001 si kwuo, ndị si n'ihe karịrị otu agbụrụ 130 bi na Donetsk Oblast.. <ref name="DonetskRegion2001EthicGroup">[http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/general/nationality/donetsk/ 2001 Ukrainian Census], ''Численность и состав населения Донецкой области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года [The size and composition of the population on the basis of the Donetsk region in the 2001 Census]''.</ref> Ukrainian agbụrụ bụ 56.9% nke ndị bi (2,744,100 ndị mmadụ); agbụrụ Rọshịa bụ 38.2% nke ndị bi (1,844,400 mmadụ). <ref name="DonetskRegion2001EthicGroup" /> Asụsụ obodo nke 74.9% nke ndị bi na Donetsk mpaghara bụ Russian, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 24.1% Ukraine. <ref name="DonetskRegion2001Language" /> 58.7% nke ndị agbụrụ Ukraine na-ewere Russian ka asụsụ obodo ha.<ref name="DonetskRegion2001Language">[http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/general/language/donetsk/ 2001 Ukrainian Census], ''Численность и состав населения Донецкой области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года, Языковой состав населения Донецкой области, по данным Всеукраинской переписи населения [The size and composition of the population on the basis of the Donetsk region in the 2001 Census, Linguistic composition of the population of the Donetsk region, according to the Census]''</ref> Na 1989 ọ dịghị Ukraine asụsụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na Donetsk..<ref name="Steele1994">{{Cite book|author=Steele|first=Jonathan|authorlink=Jonathan Steele|year=1994|title=Eternal Russia: Yeltsin, Gorbachev, and the Mirage of Democracy|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-26837-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/eternalrussiayel00stee/page/217 217]–18|url=https://archive.org/details/eternalrussiayel00stee|accessdate=13 December 2016}}</ref> Ọdịdị nke Donetsk City Municipality site agbụrụ bụ ndị a: <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://donetskstat.gov.ua/census/census.php?ncp=11&ncp1=6|language=uk|work=Department of Statistics of the Donetsk Region|date=2004|accessdate=5 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085127/http://donetskstat.gov.ua/census/census.php?ncp=11&ncp1=6|archivedate=28 September 2007}}</ref> : '''Total''': 1,024,678 people, 100.00% N'afọ 1991, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị bi na Russia bụ ''ndị Russia'', otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ dị ka ''Ukraine'' ebe ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọzọ kwuputara na ha bụ ndị Slav . <ref name="Steele1994"/> Obere obere na-agụnye ụfọdụ agbụrụ sitere na South Caucasus na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Anatolia mpaghara, gụnyere ndị Armenia, Azerbaijans, Georgians na Pontic Greek (gụnyere ndị a kọwara dị ka ndị Gris Caucasus ). Asụsụ obodo nke ndị bi na obodo Donetsk dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Ukraine nke 2001 : <ref>{{Cite web|title=About number and composition population of Donets'k Region by data, All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001|publisher=State Statistical Service of Ukraine|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Donetsk/|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> * Russian 87.8% * Ukrainian 11.1% * Armenian 0.1% * Belarusian 0.1% == Akụ na ụba == [[Usòrò:Viewfromtheroof.jpg|thumb| Ụlọ Nzukọ Congress]] Donetsk na ókèala ndị gbara ya gburugburu bụ obodo mepere emepe nke ukwuu ma na-agbakọba n'ime obodo. Ndị ọrụ na-etinye aka nke ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ, ọkachasị ngwuputa kol . Obodo ahụ bụ ebe dị mkpa nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na kol na Donets Basin ( ''Donbas'' ). Kpọmkwem n'okpuru obodo dina coal ogbunigwe, nke na-adịbeghị anya hụrụ na-abawanye na Ngwuputa ihe mberede, kasị ọhụrụ mberede bụ na Zasyadko mine, nke gburu ihe karịrị 100 ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite news|date=30 November 2007|title=Another victim of Ukraine mine blast dies in hospital|work=[[RIA Novosti]]|url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20071130/90191552.html|accessdate=1 December 2007}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Zasyadko_Coal_Mine1.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb| Donetsk Zasyadko coal mine, aha ọjọọ maka ihe mberede Ngwuputa ya.]] Akụ na ụba Donetsk mejupụtara ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe 200 nwere ngụkọta mmepụta nke ihe karịrị ijeri 120 rubles kwa afọ yana karịa otu 20,000 ọkara-obere nha. Ụlọ ọrụ na -egwupụta kol n'obodo ahụ nwere ebe a na-egwupụta coal 17 na igwe ihe abụọ na-etinye uche; ụlọ ọrụ ọla na-agụnye nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọla 5 dị na obodo dum; ahịa injinia mejupụtara ụlọ ọrụ 67, yana ụlọ ọrụ nri - otu 32. Mgbe ọdịda Soviet Union gasịrị, Donetsk na obodo ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi nke Donbas tara ahụhụ nke ukwuu, n'ihi na e mechiri ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya funahụrụ ha n'ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Subtelny|first=Orest|authorlink=Orest Subtelny|year=2000|title=Ukraine: A History|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|isbn=0-8020-8390-0|url=https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0/page/613}}</ref> Ihe 412,000 square metres (4,434,731 sq ft) nke ebe obibi, 7.9 km (4.9 mi) nke netwọk gas, na 15.1 km (9.4 mi) nke netwọk mmiri n'ime obodo n'ime 1998-2001. Obodo ahụ nwekwara ụlọ "Donetsk" mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche . <ref name="356-14">{{Cite web|url=http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/356-14|language=uk|work=Order of Verhovna Rada|date=24 December 1998|accessdate=16 December 2016|title=Archive copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019082042/http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/356-14|archive-date=19 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Donetsk nwere obodo itoolu ugbu a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lukyanchenko.donetsk.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=16&type=1|language=ru|work=Official site of the Head of Donetsk City|date=31 August 2004|accessdate=5 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630191841/http://lukyanchenko.donetsk.ua/today/view.php?cat=7&subcat=16&type=1|archivedate=30 June 2007}}</ref> Obodo German nke Magdeburg nwere mmekọrịta akụ na ụba na Donetsk n'oge 1962–1996. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Wolfgang|author=Stegers|url=http://wize.life/themen/kategorie/reisen/artikel/17092/meine-reise-nach-donetsk-i-die-unbekannte-ukrainische-metropole|title=Meine Reise nach Donetsk I: Die unbekannte ukrainische Metropole|language=de|work=wize.life|date=5 November 2013|accessdate=16 December 2016|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152836/http://wize.life/themen/kategorie/reisen/artikel/17092/meine-reise-nach-donetsk-i-die-unbekannte-ukrainische-metropole}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfgiAQAAMAAJ|title=The Daily Review, Volume 13, Michigan 1967|accessdate=4 October 2014|date=1967}}</ref> Na 2012, Donetsk e gosiri obodo kasị mma maka azụmahịa na Ukraine site Forbes . Donetsk topped the rating na ise egosi: mmadụ isi obodo, ikike ịzụrụ ụmụ amaala, ego ọnọdụ, aku na uba kwụsie ike, nakwa dị ka akụrụngwa na nkasi obi . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yellowpage.in.ua/en/archives/45318|title=Forbes admitted Donetsk best city for business in Ukraine|publisher=Yellowpage.in.ua|date=1 June 2012|accessdate=26 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415144059/http://yellowpage.in.ua/en/archives/45318|archivedate=15 April 2015}}</ref> Ebe ịzụ ahịa n'obodo ahụ gụnyere nnukwu ụlọ ahịa nke Donetsk City . Donetsk bụ nnukwu ebe egwuregwu, nwere akụrụngwa mepere emepe, ma nweela asọmpi mba ụwa ugboro ugboro - Davis Cup, UEFA Champions League . Ndị nnọchi anya obodo ahụ bụ egwuregwu ndị isi steeti dịka bọọlụ, hockey, basketball, ịkụ ọkpọ, tenis, egwuregwu na ndị ọzọ. Egwuregwu kachasị ewu ewu na Donetsk bụ [[Footbọl|football]] . Donetsk bụ ụlọ abụọ bụ isi ọkachamara football klọb: Shakhtar Donetsk, nke na-egwuri na Donbas Arena tupu 2014 ma ugbu a na-arụ na NSC Olimpiyskiy, na FC Olimpik Donetsk, nke ugbu a na-arụ na Chernihiv Stadium . Ruo 2021, ha abụọ gbara na Ukraine Premier League, mana na 2021, Olimpik weghaara ya na Njikọ Mbụ nke Ukraine . Shakhtar Donetsk meriri Ukrainian Championship na Ukrainian Cup ọtụtụ ugboro, na 2009 ha ghọrọ otu nke abụọ si Ukraine (mgbe FC Dynamo Kyiv ) iji merie asọmpi European, UEFA Cup . Donetsk bụkwa ụlọ nke ndị inyom football club WFC Donchanka, otu n'ime ihe ịga nke ọma klọb na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ukrainian Women's League, ma ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ na 2014. Donetsk bụ ụlọ egwuregwu bọọlụ Donbas Arena, nke mepere na 2009. Ọ ghọrọ ámá egwuregwu mbụ dị na [[Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke|Eastern Europe]] e mere ma wuo ya dịka ụkpụrụ UEFA maka egwuregwu egwuregwu nke "Elite" si dị. Mgbe mba [[Poland]] na [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] meriri nkwekọrịta nkwonkwo maka UEFA Euro 2012, a họpụtara Donetsk's Donbas Arena dị ka ebe maka egwuregwu atọ Group D, otu egwuregwu nkeji iri na ise, na otu egwuregwu ọkara ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html#Donetsk|title=Stadiums / Donetsk|accessdate=7 May 2007|work=[[UEFA Euro 2012]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503223011/http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html#Donetsk|archivedate=3 May 2007}}</ref> A họpụtara ama egwuregwu RSK Olimpiyskyi ka ọ bụrụ ama egwuregwu idobere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html|title=Stadiums / Introduction|accessdate=7 May 2007|work=[[UEFA Euro 2012]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503223011/http://www2.e2012.org/en/7_1110.html|archivedate=3 May 2007}}</ref> Donetsk, yana Mariupol dị nso, bụ obodo ndị ọbịa nke asọmpi UEFA European Under-19 2009 . Ama egwuregwu ndị na-akwado ihe omume ahụ n'aha Donetsk bụ RSC Olimpiyskiy (nke kwadoro ikpeazụ) na Metalurh Stadium . Donetsk bụ ụlọ nke ice hockey club HC Donbass, na-egwu egwu na Druzhba Arena kemgbe 2011 (ma ịkwụsị ọrụ bụ 2014 wee na-akwaga Druzhkivka na 2015), nke meriri 2011 Ukrainian Hockey Championship, na nke bụ naanị otu ndị ọkachamara na-eme ihe nkiri. obodo. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị otu oge na Russian Major League, klọb ahụ kwalitere ebe egwuregwu ya na ụkpụrụ Njikọ Hockey Kontinental, wee sonye na otu na 2012. Mgbe ị na-akwaga na KHL, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kere ụlọ ọrụ ugbo mpaghara ka ọ na-egwu na Ukrainian Championship n'okpuru aha HC Donbass-2, nke meriri 2012 na 2013 mba aha. Na 2013 Donetsk nọ na-akwado 2012-13 IIHF Continental Cup ice hockey Super Final, nke HC Donbass meriri, na 2013 IIHF World Championship Division I - Group B, ebe Ukraine kwụsịrị 1st wee nweta nkwalite na Group A (ha abụọ kwadoro na Druzhba Arena ). Mgbe otu ahụ maliteghachiri ọrụ na 2015, ọ kwụsịrị na KHL, na-ejedebe na Njikọ Hockey nke Ukraine, ebe ọ meriri anọ n'ime asọmpi ise ikpeazụ. Donetsk bụkwa ebe obibi nke bọọlụ basketball BC Donetsk, bụ nke na-egwuri egwu na Ukrainian Basketball Super League, wee nweta aha mmeri 2012. Klọb a na-egwuri egwu na Druzhba Arena, a họpụtara Donetsk ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime obodo 6 nke Ukraine iji kwado FIBA EuroBasket 2015 . Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ kwụsịrị egwuregwu mgbe 2014 gasịrị n'ihi agha na-aga n'ihu, na asọmpi 2015 FIBA ga-ebupụ na mba ahụ. Obodo a bụbu ebe obibi nke ole na ole ama ama n'oge ahụ ma ugbu a, klọb na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. MFC Shakhtar Donetsk club meriri Ukrainian futsal Championship ugboro ise, ma etisasịwo na January 2011 n'etiti oge n'ihi nsogbu ego (n'oge - ndị kasị titled club na [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] ). Otu n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu volleyball Soviet kachasị elu n'oge ahụ, VC Shakhtar Donetsk, bụ ndị otu ikpeazụ meriri Soviet Volleyball Championship, na 1992. Ndị otu ahụ meriri asọmpi abụọ mbụ na Njikọ nke [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] kwụụrụ onwe ya, na 1992 na 1993 (1992 Ukraine Championship e mere na Donetsk), wee merie Ukraine Cup na 1993, mana mgbe enwere okwu gbasara ego, ọgbakọ ahụ wepụrụ na 1997. ma mgbe otu oge gachara na akwa nke abụọ, e mechiri ya. [[Usòrò:РСК_Олимпийский_(008).jpg|thumb| Akpụrụ akpụ nke pole vault legend Serhii Bubka nke guzo na Donetsk nso RSC Olimpiyskiy .]] Donetsk kwadoro asọmpi Tenis USSR na 1978, 1979 na 1980, wee kwado ụfọdụ egwuregwu tennis nke 2005 Davis Cup . Donetsk bụ ebe obibi nke Alexander Kolyaskin Memorial, nke e mere n'etiti 2002-2008 na akụkụ nke ATP Challenger Series, na Donetsk bụ ebe obibi nke iko nwanyị Viccourt, nke a na-ekewa dị ka ITF Women's Circuit wee malite na 2012. Donetsk na-abụkarị ebe egwuregwu dị mkpa, na-anabatakwa mmemme dị iche iche. Donetsk bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị ọbịa maka asọmpi egwuregwu 1978 na 1980 Soviet, ma bụrụ naanị obodo ndị ọbịa na mmemme ahụ na 1984. Donetsk kwadokwara asọmpi egwuregwu ụmụaka nke 1977 nke Europe . Ama egwuregwu eji eme mmemme egwuregwu ahụ bụ RSC Olimpiyskiy (n'oge a na-akpọ RSC Lokomotiv). N'etiti egwu egwu na egwuregwu ubi dị iche iche, Donetsk karịsịa nwere nnukwu aha na ikpo okwu . Serhii Bubka, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere dị ka nnukwu pole vaulter na akụkọ ihe mere eme, tolitere n'obodo ahụ, ma malitekwa na 1992 ihe omume ịkwanye osisi pole kwa afọ na Donetsk, nke a na-akpọ Pole Vault Stars . Bubka n'onwe ya debere ndekọ ime ụlọ ụwa na ihe omume ahụ ugboro atọ (1990, 1991, 1993). Ndekọ ọnụ ụlọ ya dị mita 6.15, nke edobere na ama egwuregwu Olympic nke Donetsk na 21 February 1993, agbajighị ruo 2014. Onye uwe ojii [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] bụ Yelena Isinbayeva debere ndekọ ụwa ọhụrụ na mmemme ahụ kwa afọ n'etiti 2004 na 2009. 2015 IIHF World Championship Division I ice hockey asọmpi ka akwadoro maka 18 ruo 24 Eprel 2015 na Donetsk mana emechara kwaga Kraków, Poland n'ihi agha na-aga n'ihu. === Ndị otu egwuregwu ọkachamara === Ndị na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke otu egwuregwu ndị ọkachamara dị adị, yana ndị ama ama (na-emeri aha) klọb arụrụ arụ. Ọ dịghị nke klọb ugbu a na-egwu n'ime obodo n'ihi agha Donbas . == Omenala == === Ebe nkiri === ==== First Line Avenue (Artema Street) ==== [[Usòrò:Театральная_площадь_017.JPG|thumb| Donetsk Shevchenko Cinema na Artema Street]] First Line Avenue, nke a makwaara dị ka Artema Street, ka a na-ewere dị ka akụkụ bụ isi nke Donetsk. Ọ na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka ebe kacha mma ịmalite maka njem nlegharị anya ọ bụla na gburugburu obodo. Okporo ámá ahụ nwere ngwakọta nke ihe owuwu ọhụrụ na nke ochie yana obere ogige ntụrụndụ, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ebe ịzụ ahịa na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. Saịtị ndị ama ama gụnyere Lenin Square, Opera & Ballet Theatre, Ncheta nke Coalminers na Donetsk Drama Theatre. [[Usòrò:Panoramio_-_V&A_Dudush_-_Str.Artema.jpg|thumb| Panorama nke Artema Street]] ==== Ihe oyiyi nke Artyom (Fyodor Sergeyev) ==== Ihe oyiyi a dị mita isii n'ogologo na Artema Street bụ ụtụ maka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Soviet Fyodor Sergeyev . ==== Donetsk Opera na Ballet Ụlọ ihe nkiri ==== Ewubere na 1936, Donetsk State Academic Opera na Ballet Theatre abụrụla ụlọ ọrụ Donetsk Ballet kemgbe 1946. [[Usòrò:Donezk_Zentrum_Oper.JPG|thumb| Donetsk Opera Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2002]] ==== Donbass Palace ==== Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ 5-kpakpando a dị n'etiti Donetsk bụ nanị ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke Ukraine sonyere The Leading Hotels of the World na bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-eduga na Ukraine dịka World Travel Awards Association si kwuo. E wuru ya na 1938 site n'iwu Shuvalova na Rechanikov. N'oge ndị Nazi na-arụ ọrụ Donetsk, ndị Gestapo nwere ụlọ nkwari akụ dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ; Ebibiri ụlọ ahụ n'oge agha ahụ. Emepeghachiri ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ mgbe arụgharịrị ya na 2004. [[Usòrò:Donetsk_donbass_palace_02.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Donbass Palace, 2008]] ==== Pushkin Boulevard ==== [[Usòrò:Pedestrianstreet.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Pushkin Boulevard n'abalị]] A 2 km (1.24 mi) ogologo ụzọ ndụ ndụ nke nwere isi iyi, cafes, na ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi dị ka ihe ncheta nke Taras Shevchenko . Ọkpụrụkpụ nkwụ Mertsalov dịkwa na Pushkin Boulevard. N'ịbụ nke e mepụtara maka ihe ngosi na 1896 site n'aka Aleksei Mertsalov, onye na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ, site na otu ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ọ pụtara iji gosipụta nkà na ike nke ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ na Czarist Russia. ==== Ihe ncheta nke John Hughes ==== Nke a 2001 akpụrụ akpụ dị n'ihu Donetsk National Technical University asọpụrụ ọrụ nke Welsh obodo nchoputa John James Hughes, onye wuru obodo Yuzovka Steel Plant nke nyere Donetsk ya ulo oru akụkọ ihe mere eme. ==== Ogige ihe onyonyo akpara akpa ==== Emeghere Forged Figures Park na 2001. Ememme Smithcraft nke mba ụwa na-eme na ogige ahụ kwa afọ. Ụfọdụ ọrụ na-enweta ihe nrite na-enye obodo ukwu ma na-anọ n'ogige ahụ, na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ọkpụkpụ oge ụfọdụ. ==== Aqua ogige ==== Donetsk Aquapark "Royal Marine" e meghere na Scherbakova Park na mbubreyo 2012. Dome na-akwụghị ụgwọ, nke ejiri usoro aluminom truss mee, bụ 26 metres (85 ft) dị elu nwere dayameta nke 85 metres (279 ft), ma na-egosipụta ihe a na-emegharị emegharị nke na-emepe slide iji kpughee ihe ruru 50% nke ihe owuwu ahụ na ìhè anyanwụ. Mpaghara 5,700-square-metre (61,000 sq ft) aqua park, otu n'ime ogige mmiri ime ụlọ kacha ibu n'ụwa, bụ ụlọ ọrụ Canada bụ OpenAire, Inc. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themeparkpost.com/index/world%E2%80%99s-largest-retractable-aluminum-domed-waterpark-under-construction-in-ukraine|title=World's largest retractable aluminum-domed waterpark under work in Ukraine|publisher=Themeparkpost.com|date=14 September 2011|accessdate=26 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010052333/http://www.themeparkpost.com/index/world%E2%80%99s-largest-retractable-aluminum-domed-waterpark-under-construction-in-ukraine|archivedate=10 October 2011}}</ref> rụrụ. ==== IAlley nke mmụọ ozi ==== Ogige ndị mmụọ ozi dị na Donetsk bụ ihe ncheta ụmụaka gburu n'oge agha Donbas . === Nhazi === [[Usòrò:Donetsk_britania_02.jpg|thumb| ''Velikobritaniya'' ( English: ) Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ kacha ochie na Donetsk, nke e wuru na 1883.]] Donetsk, n'oge ahụ ''Yuzovka'', kewara ụzọ abụọ: n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda. N'akụkụ ndịda bụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo, ọdụ ụgbọ oloko, ụlọ telegraph, ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'ebe na-adịghị anya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ ''ógbè Bekee'' ebe ndị injinia na ndị ọrụ nlekọta bi. Mgbe e wuchara ebe obibi John Hughes na ogige dị iche iche maka ndị ọrụ si mba ọzọ, e wuru akụkụ ndịda obodo ahụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ụdị Bekee. Ụlọ ndị a na-eji facade nke nwere akụkụ anọ na akụkụ atọ, elu ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nnukwu windo, nke nwere akụkụ buru ibu nke ụlọ ahụ, na mbara ihu. N'akụkụ a nke obodo ahụ, okporo ámá ndị buru ibu ma nwee pavement. Mmetụta dị ukwuu na nhazi ụlọ na Donetsk bụ onye na ''-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ'' nke ụlọ ọrụ Novorossiya - ''Moldingauyer'' . Ụlọ ndị echekwara na mpaghara ndịda Yuzovka nwere ebe obibi nke John Hughes ( ''1891, nke echekwabara'' ), Bolfur ( ''1889'' ) na Bosse. N'ebe ugwu nke Yuzovka, ''Novyi Svet'', ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị omenkà na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ. N'ebe a, e nwere ụlọ ahịa ahịa, isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii na Katidral nke Nnwogha nke Jizọs. Okporo ụzọ etiti Novyi Svet na okporo ámá ndị gbara ya gburugburu bụ ụlọ obibi nwere okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ, yana ahịa, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ. Ụlọ a ma ama nke echekwara na mpaghara ugwu Yuzovka bụ ụlọ nkwari akụ Great Britain. Atụmatụ izugbe mbụ nke Stalino mere na 1932 na Odessa site n'aka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ P. Golovchenko. Na 1937, a rụgharịrị ọrụ ahụ n'otu akụkụ. Ọrụ ndị a bụ nke mbụ n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme ụlọ ọrụ owuwu obodo. A nnukwu akụkụ nke obodo ụlọ site na nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20 e mere site architect Pavel Vigdergauz, nke e nyere Gọọmenti award nke USSR maka ije na obodo Donetsk na 1978. === Okpukpe === [[Usòrò:DonetskCathedral.jpg|thumb| Katidral nke nnwogha nke Jesus nke arụgharịrị arụgharịrị na Donetsk.]] Ndị bi na Donetsk so na omenala okpukpe gụnyere Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ortodox.donbass.com/|language=ru|publisher=ortodox.donbass.com|accessdate=12 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629040340/http://www.ortodox.donbass.com/|archivedate=29 June 2007}}</ref> Eastern Catholic Churches, Protestantism, na Roman Catholic Church, yana [[Àlakụ̀ba|Islam]] na [[Judaism|okpukpe ndị Juu]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=300|language=uk|work=[[Razumkov Centre]]|date=2006|accessdate=5 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108233934/http://old.razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=300|archivedate=8 November 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Górak-Sosnowska2011">{{Cite book|author=Yarosh|first=Oleg|editor=Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowka|title=Muslims in Poland and Eastern Europe: Widening the European Discourse on Islam|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dCAU6Bz5QIEC&pg=PA254|accessdate=27 May 2016|year=2011|publisher=Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska|isbn=978-83-903229-5-7|chapter=Muslim communities and Islamic network institutions in Ukraine: contesting authorities in shaping Islamic localities}}</ref> Otu okpukpere chi nwere ọtụtụ ndị otu bụ Ụka Ọtọdọks nke Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) na Ụka Ọtọdọks nke Ukraine nke Kyivan Patriarchate . N'afọ 2014, e kesara ndị Juu akwụkwọ akụkọ adịgboroja "nke onyeisi oche nke ọchịchị nwa oge Donetsk Denis Pushilin bịanyere aka na ya" n'ememme Ngabiga. Akwụkwọ nta ahụ gwara nwa amaala Juu Donetsk ka ọ deba aha onwe ya, ihe onwunwe ha na ezinụlọ ha n'aka ndị ọchịchị na-akwado Russia. Mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na emeghị ihe ọ chọrọ ga-eme ka a napụ ya ikike ịbụ nwa amaala na ịnara ihe onwunwe ya. Akwụkwọ nta ahụ kpalitere ọgba aghara na ụjọ n'etiti ndị Juu Donetsk, bụ ndị hụrụ nkwughachi nke Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ. <ref>Margalit, Michal. [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4510688,00.html "Donetsk leaflet: Jews must register or face deportation."] ''Ynetnews''. 16 April 2014.</ref> === Ihe Mgbasa ozi === Ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn ise na-arụ ọrụ na Donetsk: * TRK Ukraine ( Ukrainian ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kanalukraina.tv/en/|title=Television channel 'Ukraine' home|work=TRK Ukraina|accessdate=16 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215103903/http://kanalukraina.tv/en/|archivedate=15 December 2016}}</ref> * KRT, Kyivska Rus' ( Ukrainian ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kievruss.tv|title=Main Page|work=Kyivska Rus|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060402192408/http://kievruss.tv/|archivedate=2 April 2006}}</ref> * Obodo mbụ ( Russian ) * Kanal 27 ( Russian ) * TRK Donbass ( Russian ) Na Donetsk, e nwere ụlọ elu TV nke dị mita 360, otu n'ime ihe owuwu kacha ogologo n'obodo ahụ, nke arụchara na 1992. === Ndị ama ama === [[Usòrò:Anatoliy_Solovianenko_-_Soviet_Life,_October_1984.jpg|thumb| Anatoliy Solovianenko]] [[Usòrò:Sharansky.jpg|thumb| Natan Sharansky]] [[Usòrò:Podkopaieva.jpg|thumb| Lilia Podkopayeva]] A na-akpọkarị ụmụ amaala Donetsk ''Donchyani'' ( Russian ). Ndị a bụ ndepụta ndị ama ama bụ ndị amụrụ ma ọ bụ zụlitere n'obodo ahụ: == Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka == [[Usòrò:2012._Презентация_каталога_100_икон_007.jpg|thumb| Donetsk Regional Museum nke Art]] Donetsk bụ ụlọ ihe ngosi nka 140. N'ime ha, abụọ nnukwu obodo ngosi ihe mgbe ochie - Donetsk Region History Museum na Donetsk Regional Art Museum. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Akụkọ ihe mere eme na Donetsk na-ekpughe ezigbo njirimara obodo yana kpuchie obodo niile dị iche iche dịka ọ dị. Ntọala na 1924, ọ na-enye ihe ngosi sara mbara nke nwere ihe ngosi 120,000: site na nchọpụta ihe ochie nke malitere na oge ochie ruo mgbe John Hughes malitere obodo ahụ, mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ na ngwuputa coal, Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na oge Soviet. Na 21 Ọgọst 2014, onye isi obodo Donetsk kọrọ na ọkụ ogbunigwe ebibiela ụlọ na mgbidi nke Donetsk Regional History Museum n'isi ụtụtụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Sophia|author=Kishkovsky|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Eastern-Ukraines-museums-told-to-hide-their-collections/33387|title=Eastern Ukraine's museums told to hide their collections|publisher=theartnewspaper.com|date=14 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816225843/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Eastern-Ukraines-museums-told-to-hide-their-collections/33387|archivedate=16 August 2014}}</ref> E mepere FC Shaktar Museum na 2010. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka bụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Ukraine nke a ga-ahọpụta maka onyinye ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke European. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://donbass-arena.com/en/news/20139|title=FC Shakhtar Museum nominated for an 'Oscar'|publisher=Donbass-arena.com|date=19 May 2012|accessdate=2013-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502022533/http://donbass-arena.com/en/news/20139|archivedate=2 May 2013}}</ref> == Ụgbọ njem == === Ụgbọ njem obodo === [[Usòrò:Trolleybus_Donezk.jpg|thumb| A Donetsk trolleybus na Katidral nke ngbanwe na ndabere.]] [[Usòrò:TramLM2008.jpg|thumb| Tram LM-2008]] Isi ụdị njem n'ime Donetsk bụ: trams, bọs trolley eletriki, bọs na marshrutkas (obere bọs nkeonwe). Usoro njem ọha na eze nke obodo ahụ bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ obodo ''Dongorpastrans'' dị n'otu na-achịkwa. Obodo ahụ nwere okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko iri na abụọ (~ 130 km), ụzọ ụgbọ oloko iri na asaa (~ 188 km), na ihe dị ka ụzọ ụgbọ oloko iri na ise.<ref name="transport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/transport/|work=Partner-Portal|accessdate=11 May 2007|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510133417/http://www.partner.donetsk.ua/transport/|archivedate=10 May 2007}}</ref> Ma usoro ụgbọ oloko na ụgbọ oloko dị n'obodo ahụ na-arụ ọrụ site na ebe nchekwa abụọ nke ọ bụla.<ref name="transport" /> Ụzọ njem ọzọ n'ime obodo ahụ bụ ọrụ taxi, nke e nwere 32 na Donetsk. Obodo nwekwara autostations dị n'ime obodo na ala ịta ahịhịa ya: autostation ''Yuzhny'' (South), nke na-eje ozi tumadi ahịrị njem na ndịda, n'ihi ya aha ya; autostation ''Tsentr'' (Centre), nke na-eje ozi na njem na ntụziaka nke Marinka na Vuhledar nakwa dị ka intercity iga; na ''autostation Krytyi rynok'' (ime ụlọ ahịa), nke na-eje ozi tumadi iga n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ntụziaka; na ''autostation Putilovsky'', nke na-eje ozi karịsịa n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ntụziaka njem. Owuwu nke usoro metro n'obodo ahụ, nke malitere na 1992, gbahapụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi enweghị ego. Ọ nweghị ahịrị ma ọ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu emechara. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://1tv.com.ua/uk/news/2012/01/18/14506|language=uk|work=1tv.com.ua|date=18 January 2012}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Donezk_Bahnhof_2.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb| Isi ọdụ ụgbọ oloko Donetsk, nke dị na ugwu obodo ahụ.]] Isi ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Donetsk, nke na-eje ozi ihe dị ka nde ndị njem asaa kwa afọ, dị na mpaghara ugwu nke obodo ahụ.<ref name="transport"/> E nwere ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie dị nso na isi ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na-ahụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè mpaghara ahụ. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị ọzọ bụ: ''Rutchenkovo'', nke dị na Kyivskyi Raion; ''Mandrykino'' (Petrovskyi Raion), na ''Mushketovo'' (Budionivskyi Raion). Ụfọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị njem na-ezere ọdụ Donetsk ma na-eje ozi na ọdụ Yasynuvata, nke dị na mpụga obodo. Ọ bụ ezie na a naghị eji ya eme njem mgbe niile, obodo ahụ nwekwara ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụmụaka. (Dị ka ọ dị na Septemba 2009) a na-eme atụmatụ ụlọ ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọhụrụ nke ga-agbaso ihe UEFA chọrọ (ebe ọ bụ na Donetsk bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị ọbịa maka UEFA EURO 2012).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/order/?id=170301|title=Construction of railway terminal in Donetsk for UEFA EURO 2012 worth UAH 414mln|work=[[Ukrinform]]|date=23 September 2009}}</ref> Donetsk Oblast bụ ebe njem dị mkpa na Ukraine, ya mere ebe etiti ya bụ Donetsk. ''Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Donetsk'', nke dị na Donetsk, bụ ngalaba ụgbọ okporo ígwè kachasị ukwuu na Republic. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke mpaghara ahụ, na ndị bi na Donetsk na Lugansk Republics na akụkụ nke Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia na Kharkiv oblasts. === Ụgbọ njem okporo ụzọ === Nke[[File:Tabliczka_E50.svg|link=European_route_E50|25x25px]]</img> okporo ụzọ, akụkụ nke International E-road netwọk, na-agafe n'obodo ahụ ''na-aga'' Rostov-on-Don na [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] . Na mgbakwunye, okporo ụzọ mba ọzọ na-agafe obodo ahụ: M 04. Ọzọkwa, okporo ụzọ mba Ukraine atọ (N 15, N 20, na N 21) na-agafe obodo ahụ. A ga-arụcha ọkwa nke anọ nke okporo ụzọ okirikiri na-agafe Donetsk n'afọ 2014.<ref>[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/185414.html Building of fourth stage of Donetsk ring road to end in 2014], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 January 2014)</ref> === Njem ụgbọelu === Na mgbakwunye na njem ọha na eze na ụgbọ okporo ígwè, Donetsk nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vip-terminal.dn.ua/|title=Service Center, International Airport 'Donetsk'|accessdate=6 March 2007|work=VIP-Terminal|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615231005/http://www.vip-terminal.dn.ua/eng/index.htm|archivedate=15 June 2006}}</ref> E wuru ya n'oge mmalite afọ 1940 na mmalite afọ 1950. E wughachiri ya na 1973 na ọzọ site na 2011 ruo 2012. N'ihi ọgụ, emechiri ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ na 26 Mee 2014 ma kemgbe ahụ emebiela ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Loiko|first=Sergei L.|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/great-reads/la-fg-c1-ukraine-airport-20141028-story.html|title=Ukraine fighters, surrounded at wrecked airport, refuse to give up|date=28 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028102545/http://www.latimes.com/world/great-reads/la-fg-c1-ukraine-airport-20141028-story.html|archivedate=28 October 2014}}</ref> E mechikwara mbara igwe dị n'elu Donetsk kemgbe ọdachi MH17. [[Usòrò:Donetsk_df_2006_01.jpg|thumb|Ụbọchị Physics na Donetsk National University, 2006]] Donetsk nwere ọtụtụ mahadum, nke gụnyere mahadum steeti ise, ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na otu, ụlọ akwụkwọ atọ, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ iri na anọ, mahadum ise nke onwe, na kọleji isii. Ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ kachasị mkpa na ndị a ma ama gụnyere Donetsk National Technical University, nke e hiwere na 1921 ("Donetsk Polytechnical Institute" na 1960–1993), yana Donetsk National University nke e hiwere na 1937.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://donntu.org/about|title=About DonNTU|work=Donetsk National Technical University (DonNTU)|date=2016|accessdate=16 December 2016|archivedate=27 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214044/http://donntu.org/about}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.donnu.edu.ua/en-us/Pages/%d0%86%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d1%96%d1%8f-%d1%83%d0%bd%d1%96%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%82%d1%83.aspx|title=History of the University|work=Donetsk National University|date=2015|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> National Technical University nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na Mahadum dị na Magdeburg. Kemgbe 1970, ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 100 si Germany (East Germany) agụchaala agụmakwụkwọ ka elu na otu n'ime mahadum abụọ dị na Donetsk. Donetsk bụkwa ebe obibi nke Donetsk National Medical University, nke e hiwere na 1930 wee bụrụ otu n'ime mahadum ahụike kachasị na Soviet Union. E nwekwara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha sayensị na Mahadum [[Àlakụ̀ba|Alakụba]] n'ime Donetsk. Donetsk bụkwa ebe obibi nke Prokofiev Donetsk State Music Academy, ụlọ nchekwa egwu nke e hiwere na 1960. == Twinnings == Donetsk na-ekere òkè na atụmatụ obodo mba ụwa iji kwalite ezi mmekọrịta mba ụwa. Ndị mmekọ gụnyere: {| class="wikitable" | * [[Bochum]], [[Jémanị|Germany]], (1987) * [[Charleroi]], [[Belgium]] * [[Katowice]], [[Poland]] * [[Kutaisi]], [[Georgia (mba)|Georgia]] | * [[Moscow]], [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] * [[Pittsburgh]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] * [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Mpaghara Russia|Russia]] * [[Sheffield]], [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] | * [[Taranto]], [[Italy]] (1984) * [[Vilnius]], [[Lithunia|Lithuania]] * [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (2009) * [[Matagalpa]], [[Nicaragua]] (2004) |} == Leekwa ==   == Ihe edeturu ==   == Ndetu == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ipwktlso4tkgigje1kksimyl6kebmjg 0 12422 743831 727473 2026-11-07T20:14:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:BIANCA JONES MARLIN 041 Columbia Zuckerman Institute by John Abbott.jpg|thumb|Bianca Jones Marlin]] '''Bianca Jones Marlin, Ph.D.''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta nke America na Herbert and Florence Irving Assistant Prọfesọ nke nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ na Zuckerman Institute na Mahadum Columbia na New York City. Marlin na-amụ usoro epigenetic nke na-eme ka ọnyà ndị nne na nna nwee ike ibufe ụmụ n'ụdị òké. Ọrụ nke Marlin mgbe gụsịrị akwụkwọ kpugheere ọrụ bụ isi maka hormone oxytocin na omume nne, nke eji wee nye ya ihe nrite Donald B. Lindsley na Behavioral Neuroscience n'ihi ihe odide nke Ph.D ya nke puru iche na ihe [https://www.statnews.com/wunderkinds-2017/ nrite STAT Wunderkinds] maka nchoputa ya gbara agba. == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Marlin tolitere na Central Islip, Long Island ebe e nwere usoro ezinụlọ pụrụ iche nke metụtara ọnọdụ ọrụ ya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://radiopublic.com/the-story-collider-o6NYDW/s1!eff03|title=The Story Collider – Bianca Jones Marlin: It's Because She's Black – 11:59|work=radiopublic.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14|archivedate=2021-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415232149/https://radiopublic.com/the-story-collider-o6NYDW/s1!eff03}}</ref> Nne na nna mụrụ Marlin, bụ́ ndị ya na ha bi, bụkwa ndị kpọọrọ ụmụ ndị ọ na-abughi ha mụrụ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/five-questions-mothers-day-neuroscientist-bianca-jones-marlin|title=Five Questions for Mother's Day with Neuroscientist Bianca Jones Marlin|date=2018-05-11|work=Columbia University Irving Medical Center|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> I Dika ya na ụmụnne ya na-tolite, nke a mere ka Marlin nwee mmasị na ihe nketa mkpụrụ ndụ mgbe ọ dị obere. <ref name=":1" /> Ige ntị akụkọ ndị siri ike sitere n'aka ụmụnne ya ndị ọ na-abụghị nne na nna ya mụrụ ha bụ ihe na-enye aka inye ya mmasị ka mmekọrịta nne na nna na ahụmahụ si emetụta ụmụaka. <ref name="storycollider.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.storycollider.org/stories/2016/1/1/bianca-jones-marlin-its-because-shes-black|title=Bianca Jones Marlin: It's Because She's Black|work=The Story Collider|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> Ngosipụta nke Marlin n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mere ka o nweta ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ n'efu na simesta nke mbụ ya na mahadum St. John's University . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cns.nyu.edu/events/growingupinscience/unofficial.html#BiancaJonesMarlin|title=Growing up in science|work=www.cns.nyu.edu|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum St. John, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta abụọ na bayoloji na mmụta ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ma na-etinyesi aka ike na nduzi ụmụ akwụkwọ na nyocha. <ref name=":2" /> Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, Marlin sonyere na nyocha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na mmemme nyocha oge okpomọkụ abụọ: otu na Mahadum Vanderbilt na nke ọzọ na Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.storiesofwin.org/profiles/2019/11/13/dr-bianca-jones-marlin|title=Dr. Bianca Jones Marlin|work=Stories of WiN|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> Na MIT, Marlin rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Dr. Martha Constantine Paton wee nweta ihe nrite maka akwụkwọ mmado nyocha ya na njedebe nke oge okpomọkụ. <ref name=":2" /> Na 2009, Marlin nwetara B. S. na Biology na B. S. na mmuta nke ndị dị afọ iri na uma site na Mahadum St. John. Na ngụsị akwụkwọ, e nyere ya onyinye nturu ugo onye ndu ụmụ akwụkwọ maka ọrụ ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke gọọmentị ụmụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Marlin ghọrọ onye nkuzi nwetara ikike na steeti New York wee kuzie na NEST +m, ụlọ akwụkwọ ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ New York maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nka na ndị nwere nka, ebe ọ kuziri mgbe ọ ka bu nwata akwụkwọ n'oge afọ agụmakwụkwọ mahadum ya. N'oge ya na Nest+m, ọ kuziri sayensị ọkwa asaa na nke iri na Advanced Placement (AP) Biology. == Nnyocha doctoral == Site na 2009-2015, Marlin gbasoro nzere nke ndi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na New York University School of Medicine Graduate Program na Biology na Physiology. <ref name=":2" /> Nyocha Ph.D nke Marlin nyochara ọrụ nke hormone oxytocin na omume nne <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Bianca Jones Marlin Traces How Sensory Inputs Shape the Brain|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/scientist-to-watch/bianca-jones-marlin-traces-how-sensory-inputs-shape-the-brain-69220|accessdate=2022-02-03|work=The Scientist Magazine®|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203172213/https://www.the-scientist.com/scientist-to-watch/bianca-jones-marlin-traces-how-sensory-inputs-shape-the-brain-69220}}</ref> na cortex plasticity n'oge dị egwu nke mmepụta ụbụrụ. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2020-02-28|title=5 Questions with Columbia Neuroscientist Bianca Jones Marlin|url=http://www.coolnycevents.com/2020/02/28/5-questions-with-columbia-neuroscientist-bianca-jones-marlin/|accessdate=2020-04-14|work=Cool NYC Events|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322185402/http://www.coolnycevents.com/2020/02/28/5-questions-with-columbia-neuroscientist-bianca-jones-marlin/|archive-date=2023-03-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, o bipụtara akụkọ nyocha nke ndị ọgbọ na-akọwa mkpa nke excitatory-inhibitory balance (EI) na-ekpebi oge nke oge dị oke egwu plasticity maka nhazigharị ugboro ugboro - ebe ọ bụ na mgbe amuchara, cortex na-ahụ anya erubeghị. <ref name=":4" /> Ọrụ a tọrọ ntọala Marlin ka ọ chọpụta ka oxytocin si akpụ akpụkọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma gbanwee sekit ụbụrụ iji kpalite nlekọta nne n'ebe ụmụ nkịta nọ. Ndị nne rodent (nke a na-akpọ dams) ga-eweghachite ụmụ mgbe e kewapụrụ ya na ya na/ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu mgbe ụda olu ultrasonic na-apụta site na ụmụ nkịta dịpụrụ adịpụ. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|author=Marlin|first=Bianca J.|date=2015-04-23|title=Oxytocin enables maternal behaviour by balancing cortical inhibition|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_nature_2015-04-23_520_7548/page/499|journal=Nature|volume=520|issue=7548|pages=499–504|doi=10.1038/nature14402|issn=1476-4687|pmid=25874674}}</ref> Na-emekarị, dams na-anabata oku nwa agbọghọ, ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke adịghị - na-atụ aro na plasticity na cortex auditory na-eme mgbe a mụsịrị ahịhịa iji mee ka mmiri rụọ ọrụ iji zaghachi. <ref name=":5" /> Marlin chere na ọ bụ oxytocin na-ebugharị plasticity a na cortex auditory n'ihi na 1) dams na-ahapụ oxytocin mgbe a mụrụ ya iji kwalite njikọ, na 2) ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke na-anabata oku nwa agbọghọ mgbe a na-enye oxytocin n'ụzọ artificial. <ref name=":5" /> Marlin chọpụtara na oxytocin na-eme ka sekit akwara anụ ahụ dị na cortex nke anụ ahụ ma mee mgbanwe ogologo oge na nguzozi EI. <ref name=":5" /> Mgbanwe na nguzozi EI mere ka oge kwụ ọtọ kwụsiri ike nke a na-ahụ na dams (ma ọ bụ ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke oxytocin), mana ọ bụghị ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke, mgbe ị na-aza oku nwa. <ref name=":5" /> N'ịgbaso nchoputa nke Marlin gbasara ọrụ oxytocin na nweghachi nwa, ọ rụkwara ọrụ ọzọ ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Robert Froemke Lab na-enyocha ọrụ oxytocin na-arụ na mgbasa ozi nke omume nne. <ref>{{Cite web|title=People {{!}} Laboratory of Robert C. Froemke|url=http://froemkelab.med.nyu.edu/people|accessdate=2022-03-22|work=froemkelab.med.nyu.edu|archivedate=2022-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302125156/http://froemkelab.med.nyu.edu/people}}</ref> N'ime ọmụmụ ha, nke e bipụtara na Nature, <ref name=":5" /> ha na-egosi na oxytocin neurons na mpaghara ụbụrụ na-ahụ maka ntọhapụ nke oxytocin, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), na-arụ ọrụ site na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nakwa na neurons a bu ọnụ ụzọ nzaghachi oku. Ha na-egosikwa na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị na-ebikọ ọnụ na ndị nne nwere ahụmahụ, na ndị na-ahụ anya na-ahụ maka nwa akwụkwọ nne na-amụ nwa, amụbawo ọrụ nke oxytocin neurons na PVN ma gosipụta àgwà alloparenting - na-atụ aro na omume nne nwere ike nweta site na mgbasa ozi ọha. <ref name=":5" /> Nchọpụta nke Marlin mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-egosi ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ lateralization nke ụbụrụ mammalian, kamakwa a raara onwe ya nye, oxytocin na-adabere na neural sekit maka omume nne na mmegharị mgbe amuchara nwa. <ref name=":5" /> E gosipụtara usoro nyocha a na mgbasa ozi a ma ama gụnyere National Geographic, <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Yong|first=Ed|date=2015-04-15|title=Oxytocin Makes New Mouse Mothers Focus on Cries of Lost Pups|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/oxytocin-makes-new-mouse-mothers-focus-on-cries-of-lost-pups|accessdate=2022-02-16|work=Science|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414234058/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/oxytocin-makes-new-mouse-mothers-focus-on-cries-of-lost-pups|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Los Angeles Times, <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-oxytocin-motherhood-20150415-story.html|title=Hormone oxytocin jump-starts maternal behavior|date=2015-04-16|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> Science Magazine, <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|author=Haupt|first=Ryan J.|date=2019-06-07|title=The scientist's summer reading list|url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aax9532|journal=Science|language=EN|doi=10.1126/science.aax9532}}</ref> na Discover Magazine 's Top 100 Stories of 2015. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/how-oxytocin-changes-behavior|title=How Oxytocin Changes Behavior|work=Discover Magazine|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> == Nnyocha postdoctoral == Site na 2016-2020, Marlin bụ onye nyocha Postdoctoral na Mahadum Columbia n'okpuru ndụmọdụ nke onye nrite Nobel Laureate Richard Axel . <ref name=":9" /> N'ime ụlọ nyocha Axel, Marlin nyochara etu ọnyà ndị nne na nna si erute n'ọgbọ ndị na-esote (ya bụ, transgenerationally) site na usoro epigenetic . <ref name=":1" /> Marlin na ndị otu ya jikọtara ihe ndị na-esi ísì na akpata oyi n'ahụ ụmụ oke ndị toro eto, ma mesịa mụọ banyere mgbanwe akwara na akparamagwa nke ụmụ, ndị na-ahụtụbeghị ụdị nhụsianya-isi. Ọrụ Marlin na isiokwu a na mgbasa ozi a ma ama gụnyere Science Friday <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Breakthrough: The Trauma Tracer|url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/videos/breakthrough-the-trauma-tracer/|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=Science Friday|language=en-US}}</ref> na Washington Post . <ref name=":13">{{Cite news|author=Hoover Greenway|first=Kelly|date=July 19, 2021|title=Why understanding inherited trauma is critical, and what it means for our kids|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2021/07/19/inherited-trauma-family-kids/|accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref> == Nyocha ngalaba == Na 2020, Marlin sonyeere ngalaba na Mahadum Columbia na ngalaba nke Psychology na Neuroscience. Ụlọ nyocha Marlin dị na Zuckerman Institute na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha ka ihe ndị dị ndụ na-esi emeghe omume ebumpụta ụwa n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, yana ka esi agafe ozi mmụta n'ọgbọ ndị na-esote site na ihe nketa nke transgenerational epigenetic site na iji nchikota nke onyonyo, omume, na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa molecular..<ref name=":14" /> == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == * Magazin Sayensị ama ama nke 2021 "The Brilliant 10" <ref>{{Cite web|author=GOURGEY|first=BILL|date=2021-09-20|title=The Brilliant 10: The most innovative up-and-coming minds in science|url=https://www.popsci.com/science/brilliant-scientists-2021/|accessdate=2022-02-03|work=Popular Science|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021 Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị "ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-ekiri" <ref name=":9" /> * Ndị isi ọgbọ na-abịa 2020 Allen Institute <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/news-press/press-releases/allen-institute-announces-2020-next-generation-leaders|title=Allen Institute announces 2020 Next Generation Leaders|work=Allen Institute|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-04-22|archivedate=2021-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422151948/https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/news-press/press-releases/allen-institute-announces-2020-next-generation-leaders}}</ref> * 2017 STAT Wunderkind Award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statnews.com/wunderkinds-2017/|title=Meet the 2017 STAT Wunderkinds|work=STAT|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> * 2016 Donald B. Lindsley Prize na Behavioral Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grassfoundation.org/people/bianca-jones-marlin|title=Bianca Jones Marlin {{!}} The Grass Foundation|work=www.grassfoundation.org|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> * 2016 Sackler Nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ pụtara ìhè <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://med.nyu.edu/departments-institutes/skirball-institute-biomolecular-medicine/about-us/news-awards|title=Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine News & Awards|work=NYU Langone Health|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14|archivedate=2019-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120165805/https://med.nyu.edu/departments-institutes/skirball-institute-biomolecular-medicine/about-us/news-awards}}</ref> * 2015 Chọpụta akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha elu 100 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-15|title=Love: it's all in your Head|url=https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/love-it-s-all-your-head,%20https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/love-it-s-all-your-head|accessdate=2022-02-03|work=zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu}}</ref> == Ihe ndị ebiputara ahọpụtara == * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke American History - SciCafe "Sayensị nke ịhụnanya na Bianca Jones Marlin" * Pọdkastị Sayensị Friday "Ndị nne anụmanụ: Site na ọdụm ruo òké" * The Story Collider – onye na-ekwu okwu pụtara “Itụrụ ime: Akụkọ gbasara sayensị ịmụ nwa” <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.storycollider.org/stories/2018/9/3/pregnancy-stories-about-having-a-baby|title=Pregnancy: Stories about the science of having a baby|work=The Story Collider|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> na “Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ dị oji” <ref name="storycollider.org" /> * Egosiputara na National Geographic - “Mmume Nne Ọ bụ naanị maka ndị nne? Nke a bụ Sayensị ahụ," <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/05/mothers-day-2018-maternal-instinct-oxytocin-babies-science/|title=Is Maternal Instinct Only for Moms? Here's the Science.|date=2018-05-09|work=National Geographic News|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14|archive-date=2019-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815085140/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/05/mothers-day-2018-maternal-instinct-oxytocin-babies-science/|url-status=dead}}</ref> "Ịma Aka Ike Ike," <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/great-energy-challenge/|title=Great Energy Challenge|work=Environment|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> na "Oxytocin Na-eme Ka Ndị Nne Nne Ọhụụ Na-elekwasị anya na mkpu nke Pups furu efu" <ref name=":6" /> * Egosiri na Magazin Nchọpụta - "Olee otú Oxytocin si agbanwe omume" <ref name=":12" /> * Los Angeles Times - "Hormone Oxytocin Jump na-amalite omume ime nne" * Blọọgụ Ndị Nduzi NIH – Lab TV: Na-achọ ịmata ihe gbasara njikọ nne <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2015/08/25/labtv-curious-about-a-mothers-bond/|title=LabTV: Curious About a Mother's Bond|date=2015-08-25|work=NIH Director's Blog|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-14|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808024739/https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2015/08/25/labtv-curious-about-a-mothers-bond/}}</ref> * Sayensị Fraịde - Ọka mmụta sayensị egosipụtara dị ka akụkụ nke Mmepe ahụ: Eserese nke Ụmụ nwanyị Na Sayensị - "Nhụta: Ọhụụ Trauma" <ref name=":14" /> * Neuron - Bianca Jones Marlin Ajụjụ&A <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-11-03|title=Bianca Jones Marlin|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627321007212|journal=Neuron|language=en|volume=109|issue=21|pages=3344–3345|doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.048|issn=0896-6273}}</ref> * Akwụkwọ akụkọ Washington Post - Gịnị kpatara nghọta ọgbaghara ketara dị oke egwu, yana ihe ọ pụtara nye ụmụ anyị <ref name=":13" /> == Mbipụta == * Oxytocin neurons na-enyere mmadụ aka mgbasa nke omume nne. Carcea I., Caraballo NL, Marlin BJ, Ooyama R., Riceberg JS, Mendoza Navarro JM, Opendak M., Diaz VE, Schuster L., Alvarado Torres MI, Lethin H., Ramos D., Minder J., Mendoza SL, Bair-Marshall CJ, Samadjopoulos GH, Hidema S., Falkner A., Lin D., Mar A., Wadghiri YZ, Nishimori K., Kikusui T., Mogi K., Sullivan RM Froemke RC Nature. 2021 Ọgọst 26. 596 (7873): 553-557 . doi: [[doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03814-7.|https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03814-7.]] <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|author=Carcea|first=Ioana|date=2019-11-17|title=Oxytocin Neurons Enable Social Transmission of Maternal Behavior|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845495v1|journal=bioRxiv|language=en|pages=845495|doi=10.1101/845495}}</ref> * Afọ 50 nke Neuroscience na-esote. Altimus CM, Marlin BJ, Charalambakis NE, Colón-Rodriquez A, Glover EJ, Izbicki P, Johnson A, Lourenco MV, Makinson RA, McQuail J, Obeso I, Padilla-Coreano N, Wells MF; maka Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Ọzụzụ. J Neurosci. 2020 Jenụwarị 2; 40 (1): 101-106 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0744-19.2019.  <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Altimus|first=Cara M.|date=2020-01-02|title=The Next 50 Years of Neuroscience|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=40|issue=1|pages=101–106|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0744-19.2019|issn=1529-2401|pmid=31896564}}</ref> * Oxytocin modulation nke sekit akwara ozi maka omume ọha mmadụ. Marlin BJ, Froemke RC. Dev Neurobiol. 2017 Feb; 77 (2): 169-189 . doi: 10.1002/dneu.22452. Epub 2016 Ọkt 4. Nyochaa. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27626613 27626613] <ref name="Marlin 169–189">{{Cite journal|author=Marlin|first=Bianca J.|date=February 2017|title=Oxytocin modulation of neural circuits for social behavior|journal=Developmental Neurobiology|volume=77|issue=2|pages=169–189|doi=10.1002/dneu.22452|issn=1932-846X|pmid=27626613}}</ref> * Netwọk ekesara maka ọgụgụ isi ọha emelitere maka ndị na-anabata Oxytocin. Miter M, Marlin BJ, Schiavo JK, Morina E, Norden SE, Hackett TA, Aoki CJ, Chao MV, Froemke RC. J Neurosci. 2016 Feb 24;36(8):2517-35 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2409-15.2016. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26911697 26911697] <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mitre|first=Mariela|date=2016-02-24|title=A Distributed Network for Social Cognition Enriched for Oxytocin Receptors|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=36|issue=8|pages=2517–2535|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2409-15.2016|issn=1529-2401|pmid=26911697}}</ref> * Oxytocin na-enyere aka omume nne site n'ịhazi mgbochi cortical. Marlin BJ, Miter M, D'amour JA, Chao MV, Froemke RC. Ọdịdị. 2015 Eprel 23; 520 (7548): 499-504 . doi: 10.1038/ ọdịdị14402. Epub 2015 Eprel 15. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25874674 25874674] <ref name=":5" /> * Ndepụta ọgụgụ oge okpomọkụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị. Sayensị. Haupt R., Langis-Barsetti D., & O'Dwyer R., Preuss M., van Driel M., Margolis E., Jain M., Marlin BJ 7 Jun 2019. 364. 926-93. doi: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax9532 <ref name=":11" /> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marlin, Bianca Jones}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kjnlp9xz8os8f9383w54uclgxyl401n 0 14746 743841 729965 2026-11-07T22:47:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cara Mund''' (/ˈkɑːrə/ KAR-ə; amụrụ na Disemba 8, n'afọ 1993) bụ onye America mara mma nke Bismarck, North Dakota. N'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 2017, e chiri ya Miss North Dakota 2017. Na Septemba 10, 2017, e chiri ya Miss America 2018 na Atlantic City wee bụrụ onye asọmupi mbụ si North Dakota iji merie asọmupi ahụ. '''Cara Mund''' (/ˈkɑːrə/ KAR-ə; amụrụ na Disemba 8, n'afọ 1993) bụ onye America mara mma nke Bismarck, North Dakota. N'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 2017, e chiri ya Miss North Dakota 2017. Na Septemba 10, 2017, e chiri ya Miss America 2018 na Atlantic City wee bụrụ onye asọmupi mbụ si North Dakota iji merie asọmupi ahụ. == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Mund na Bismarck, North Dakota nye DeLora Kautzmann-Mund na Doug Mund . Ọ bụ nwanne nke oteaka Victoria Woodhull, nwanyị mbụ zọrọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke United States.<ref name="MAO">{{Cite web|url=http://missamerica.org/miss-america-2018-contestants/miss-north-dakota-2017-cara-mund/|accessdate=September 10, 2017|publisher=[[Miss America Organization]]|title=Miss North Dakota|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910121207/http://missamerica.org/miss-america-2018-contestants/miss-north-dakota-2017-cara-mund/|archivedate=September 10, 2017}}</ref> Mund bụ onye na-emeri ihe nrite na onye na-agba egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.al.com/news/2017/09/miss_america_top_15_who_is_sti.html|title=Miss America 2018: Miss North Dakota wins the crown|author=Gore|first=Leada|date=2017-09-11|work=al.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-13}}</ref> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ zụrụ oge okpomọkụ anọ na Radio City Rockettes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rockettes.com/blog/miss-america-2018-is-an-alumni-of-the-rockettes-summer-intensive/|title=Miss America 2018 is an Alumni[sic] of the Rockettes Summer Intensive|author=Garden|first=Madison Square|work=The Rockettes|date=14 September 2017|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-13|archivedate=2020-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925234222/https://www.rockettes.com/blog/miss-america-2018-is-an-alumni-of-the-rockettes-summer-intensive/}}</ref> ma kpọọ ya otu n'ime "Successful Rockette Women" na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rockettes.com/blog/womens-history-month-celebrating-successful-rockette-women/|title=Women's History Month: Celebrating Successful Rockette Women|author=Garden|first=Madison Square|work=The Rockettes|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-13}}</ref> Kemgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, Mund haziri ihe ngosi ejiji ego kwa afọ nke na-abara Make-a-Wish Foundation uru.<ref name="grand forks">{{Cite web|title=Bismarck's Cara Mund crowned Miss North Dakota|work=Grand Forks Herald|url=http://www.grandforksherald.com/news/4282157-bismarcks-cara-mund-crowned-miss-north-dakota|date=June 12, 2017|accessdate=September 10, 2017}}</ref> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Mund jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke National Honor Society nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ya, gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka otu n'ime ndị klas ya, a họpụtakwara ya "o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-abụ Miss America".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/missamerica/miss-america-cara-mund-talks-dreams-coming-true-and-granting/article_04e6d070-3047-5527-a66f-66f89b0acbae.html|title=Miss America Cara Mund talks "dreams coming true" and granting wishes|author=Writer|first=LAUREN CARROLL Staff|work=[[Press of Atlantic City]]|accessdate=2018-11-06|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106132542/https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/missamerica/miss-america-cara-mund-talks-dreams-coming-true-and-granting/article_04e6d070-3047-5527-a66f-66f89b0acbae.html|archive-date=2018-11-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Cara_Mund.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Mund na Atlantic City mgbe e chiri ya Miss America 2018]] Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Brown na 2016 na nzere na azụmahịa, azụmaahịa, na òtù. Ihe omumu ya bu na Miss America Organization.<ref name="BAM">{{Cite web|author=Sloan|first=Louise|work=[[Brown Alumni Monthly]]|date=March–April 2018|url=https://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/articles/2018-04-01/miss-america-feminist|title=Miss America, Feminist|publisher=www.brownalumnimagazine.com}}</ref> Mund gara ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke sorority Kappa Delta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/cara-mund|title=Cara Mund|publisher=Linkedin.com|accessdate=September 14, 2017}}</ref> O kwuru na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nyeere ya aka "iche echiche banyere ụkwụ [ya]. "<ref name="BAM" /> Site n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ ruo n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2016, ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ maka Senator Republican John Hoeven na Washington D.C. N'afọ 2018, ọ bụ onye ọbịa ya na State of the Union. Mund egosipụtala mmasị ịnọchite anya North Dakota na steeti na Senate nke United States yana ịbụ nwanyị nke mbụ a họro dịka Gọvanọ nke North Dakota.<ref name="Bismarck Trib">{{Cite web|first=Amy|author=Dalrymple|url=http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/mund-proud-to-put-north-dakota-on-the-map-as/article_b09214f1-3a0c-54ec-b43d-98fc162cbdac.html|title=Mund proud to put North Dakota 'on the map' as state's first Miss America|date=September 12, 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke North Dakota mere mkpebi No. 3035 iji sọpụrụ Mund.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 3035|url=https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/66-2019/documents/19-3121-01000.pdf|accessdate=|work=}}</ref> A kpọbatara ya na North Dakota Bluebook's "Notable North Dakotans" ma mata ya dị ka otu n'ime "Five Women Who Changed North Dakota's History".<ref name=":0"/> Na Machị 11, n'afọ 2021, North Dakota State Museum gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke gosipụtara Mund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ND style fashion exhibition opens in ND Heritage Center & State Museum|url=https://www.minotdailynews.com/life/arts-entertainment/2021/03/nd-style-fashion-exhibition-opens-in-nd-heritage-center-state-museum/|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=minotdailynews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Tupu e kpue ya okpueze Miss America, o kwupụtara atụmatụ ya ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu.<ref name="grand forks"/> Mund bụ nwa akwụkwọ ugbu a [mgbe?] na Harvard Law School ebe ọ bụ onye nkuzi, onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke ọrụ maka Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law, onye otu Harvard Law School Mock Trial Association, na onye otu Women's Law Association.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JSEL Leadership|url=https://harvardjsel.com/leadership/|accessdate=2022-01-11|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111023740/https://harvardjsel.com/leadership/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Previous Members – Harvard Law School Mock Trial Association|url=https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/mocktrial/members/previous-members/|accessdate=2022-01-11|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111023735/https://orgs.law.harvard.edu/mocktrial/members/previous-members/}}</ref> Ọ malitere ịma mma mgbe ọ bụ nwata, weghaara utu aha nke Little Miss North Dakota, Miss Pre-Teen North Dakota, na Miss Junior Teen North Dakota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/north-dakota-cara-mund-wins-america-2018-article-1.3485751|title=Miss North Dakota, Cara Mund, wins Miss America 2018|date=September 10, 2017|author=Feldman|first=Kate}}</ref> Mund mechara sọọ mpi na Miss North Dakota's Outstanding Teen 2010 dị ka Miss Red River Valley's Outstanding Teen . Ọ gara n'ihu merie asọmupi ahụ, ma sọọ mpi na Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2011.<ref name="grand forks"/> ọ mechara bụrụ onye nke anọ na asọmupi Miss North Dakota Teen USA 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pageantupdate.info/miss-north-dakota-usa-teen-usa-pageant-results.html|title=Miss North Dakota USA & Teen USA state pageant results|author=|first=|date=|work=Pageant Update Results|accessdate=2022-06-11|archivedate=2022-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093447/https://www.pageantupdate.info/miss-north-dakota-usa-teen-usa-pageant-results.html}}</ref> Mund sọrọ mpi na Miss North Dakota 2016 dị ka Miss Oil Country, ma bụrụ onye mbụ gbara ọsọ. Ọ laghachiri n'asọmupi ahụ n'afọ sochirinụ dị ka Miss Northern Lights 2017, ma bụrụ onye okpueze Miss North Dakota 2017, ebe ikpo okwu ya bụ "A Make-A-Wish Passion with Fashion".<ref name="MAO"/> Mund nọchitere anya North Dakota na asọmupi Miss America 2018 nke emere na Boardwalk Hall na Atlantic City, New Jersey, na Septemba 2017. Nkwupụta okwu ya bụ "A Make-A-Wish Passion with Fashion." N'asọmupi izizi, a kpọrọ Mund onye mbụ na-esote maka Quality of Life Award.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Ike|author=Morgan|url=http://www.al.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2017/09/miss_alabama_jessica_procter_w.html|work=AL.com|title=Miss Alabama Jessica Procter wins Miss America Quality of Life Award|date=September 8, 2017|accessdate=September 10, 2017}}</ref> Na Septemba 10, n'afọ 2017, Miss America 2017 Savvy Shields kpuchiri Mund Miss America 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a12214508/miss-north-dakota-cara-mund-wins-miss-america-2018/|title=Miss North Dakota, Cara Mund, Wins Miss America 2018|date=September 10, 2017|work=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|author=Rees|first=Alex}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://heavy.com/entertainment/2017/09/miss-america-2018-winner-who-won-tonight-results-last-north-dakota-cara-mund/|title=Who Won the Miss America 2018 Pageant Tonight?|date=September 10, 2017|work=[[heavy.com]]|author=Weigle|first=Lauren}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hollywoodlife.com/2017/09/10/miss-north-dakota-wins-miss-america-2018-cara-mund/|title=Miss North Dakota, Cara Mund, Slays The Competition & Becomes Miss America 2018|work=[[Hollywood Life]]|author=Wilson|first=Samantha|date=September 10, 2017|accessdate=June 11, 2022|archivedate=September 13, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913222824/https://hollywoodlife.com/2017/09/10/miss-north-dakota-wins-miss-america-2018-cara-mund/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-judges-select-final-15-in-miss-america-contest/2017/09/10/322840c2-9691-11e7-af6a-6555caaeb8dc_story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911050828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-judges-select-final-15-in-miss-america-contest/2017/09/10/322840c2-9691-11e7-af6a-6555caaeb8dc_story.html|archivedate=September 11, 2017|title=The Latest: Miss North Dakota is crowned Miss America 2018|date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> Tinyere aha Miss America, ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ $ 50,000. Mund bụ onye asọmupi mbụ si North Dakota iji merie aha Miss America. Ọ bụkwa Miss America ikpeazụ ịsọ mpi na akụkụ uwe igwu mmiri nke asọmupi.<ref name="ND win">{{Cite web|first=Sara M.|author=Moniuszko|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/09/10/miss-america-2018-miss-north-dakota-cara-mund-takes-crown/641482001/|title=Miss America 2018: Miss North Dakota Cara Mund takes the crown|date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> N'oge ọchịchị ya, Mund jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya ọma nke mba nke afọ 2018 maka ụlọ ọgwụ Miracle Network nke ụmụaka ma soro USO rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jamestownsun.com/community/nonprofits/4391641-miss-america-promotes-make-wish-gala|title=Miss America promotes Make-A-Wish at Gala|accessdate=2018-11-06|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.browndailyherald.com/2018/02/08/brown-crown-cara-mund-16/|title=From Brown to the crown: Cara Mund '16|author=Demeyer|first=Tess|date=2018-02-08|work=Brown Daily Herald|accessdate=2018-11-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106132345/http://www.browndailyherald.com/2018/02/08/brown-crown-cara-mund-16/|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'ịdị n'otu na #MeToo movement, o yi uwe ojii na 2018 State of the Union, na mbipụta March / April 2018 nke magazin Alumni nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Ivy League ya, ọ nọchitere anya nzukọ Miss America, na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye na-enye ụmụ nwanyị agụmakwụkwọ kachasị ukwuu nakwa na "ọ dị mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla". O gosikwara mmasị na mgbanwe ya site n'ime ihe dị mma gaa n'ụzọ ọ dị ugbu a, "òtù ahụ mere kpọmkwem ihe ọ chọrọ ime, nke ahụ bụ inye ụmụ nwanyị ike ma nye ha nkà iji nwee ike iguzo onwe ha. "<ref name="BAM"/> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Mund katọrọ Miss America Organization n'akwụkwọ ozi dị peeji ise, na-ekwu "Ndị ndu anyị ugbu a anaghị anụ olu m ma ọ bụ chọọ ya, ha enweghịkwa mmasị ọ bụla ịmara onye m bụ na otú ahụmịhe m si metụta ọnọdụ nzukọ ahụ maka ọdịnihu. "<ref>{{Cite web|author=Argetsinger|first=Amy|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/08/17/no-miss-america-should-be-humiliated-before-giving-up-crown-cara-mund-blasts-pageant-leadership/|title='No Miss America should be humiliated': Before giving up crown, Cara Mund blasts pageant leadership|date=August 17, 2018}}</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo, "Okwu banyere inye ụmụ nwanyị ike, na nkwuwa okwu na nkwuwa okwu, dị ukwuu; Otú ọ dị, eziokwu dị nnọọ iche. Ana m ebi ndụ dị iche. Ịgbachi nkịtị bụ inye m ike m na ike nke ụmụ nwanyị ga-eso m. Enweghị m obi iru ala na onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị na-achịkwa, na-achịkwa, na-agbachi nkịtị, ma ọ bụ na-emegbu mmadụ. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pressofatlanticcity.com/cara-mund-letter-to-past-pageant-winners/pdf_eb839172-3379-5c37-bbf4-91c2133b8ef0.html|title=Cara Mund letter to past pageant winners|work=Press of Atlantic City|access-date=2022-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611181152/https://pressofatlanticcity.com/cara-mund-letter-to-past-pageant-winners/pdf_eb839172-3379-5c37-bbf4-91c2133b8ef0.html|archive-date=2022-06-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2020, ewefụrụ onye ndu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pressofatlanticcity.com/missamerica/miss-america-president-and-ceo-regina-hopper-no-longer-with-organization/article_29083d64-6480-5559-a5ea-f40e6815034b.html|title=Miss America President and CEO Regina Hopper no longer with organization|first=MARK MELHORN Staff|author=Writer|work=[[Press of Atlantic City]]}}</ref> Na Disemba 8, n'afo 2019, Mund ghọrọ onye mbụ na naanị Miss America na-ekpe ikpe asọmupi Miss Universe.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.missuniverse.com/judge/1000784|title=Miss Universe Home|work=Miss Universe|accessdate=2022-06-11|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205044208/https://www.missuniverse.com/judge/1000784}}</ref> == Ndetu == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rrch4bda47emfh4a0ywljg3lz1wjk84 0 15699 743887 721366 2026-11-08T11:37:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Gary Schneider''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 25, 1954) bụ onye America na-ese foto nke a mụrụ na [[South Africa]] nke a maara maka ihe odide foto ya na foto onwe ya. Dị ka John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation si kwuo, nke nyere ya onyinye Guggenhe Fellowship na 2013, "ọrụ mbụ ya na eserese, arụmọrụ, na ihe nkiri ka dị mkpa na nyocha ya nke ihe osise. Ọ na-agba mbọ ịlụ nka na sayensị, njirimara na amaghị ihe, ihe oyiyi na ihe omimi, anụ ahụ na nke ime mmụọ. "<ref name="guggenheim">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/gary-schneider/|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|accessdate=December 6, 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Gary Schneider na East London, South Africa ma zụlite ya na Cape Town. Nzere BFA ya sitere na Michaelis School of Fine Art, Mahadum Cape Town ebe MFA ya sitere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Pratt, Brooklyn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/gary-schneider?all/all/all/all/0|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=International Center of Photography|accessdate=December 6, 2019|archivedate=November 25, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125202248/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/gary-schneider?all/all/all/all/0}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule oge Schneider debanyere aha na Mahadum Cape Town na 1975, "ụwa nke nka na echiche karịsịa, ụdị nka echiche nke e jiri ahụ mee ihe dị ka ihe na-enyocha phenomenology na omume malitere inye ezumike dị mkpa, na-enye ya ohere iwulite ma chịkwaa oghere nke ya. "<ref name="harvard-art">{{Cite web|url=https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/about/press-media/schneidererdman-printers-proof-collection-of-iconic-1980s-and-90s-photographs-acquired-by-harvard-art-museums|title=Schneider/Erdman Printer's Proof Collection of Iconic 1980s and '90s Photographs Acquired by Harvard Art Museums|date=May 11, 2017|publisher=Harvard Art Museums|accessdate=June 18, 2022|archivedate=March 25, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325194256/https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/about/press-media/schneidererdman-printers-proof-collection-of-iconic-1980s-and-90s-photographs-acquired-by-harvard-art-museums}}</ref> Na ngwụcha afọ ndị 1970, Schneider hapụrụ South Africa gaa New York City ịrụ ọrụ maka Richard Foreman's Ontological-Hysteric Theater. N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere onye mmekọ ya John Erdman, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, vidiyo, na mmepụta ihe nkiri. Ha abụọ guzobere Schneider / Erdman Inc. na 1981 "nke Schneider ji mee ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye na-ebi akwụkwọ nke foto ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe".<ref name="harvard-art"/> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 1977, Schneider nwere ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na Artists Space ebe o mere ihe ntinye na arụmọrụ. Mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri; ọkachasị Salters Cottages rụchara na 1981.<ref>Whitfield, Tony. (1982) Film Review."Psychological Seduction”. The New York Native. New York, NY, Reproduction.</ref><ref>Klinker,Claus-Wilhelm. (1984) Film review. "Drei radikale Kurzfilme uber Sex - nicht fur Schule". Szone Hamburg. Hamburg, Germany, October, Reproduction and Translation.</ref> Dashwood Books bipụtara akwụkwọ nke ihe nkiri Salters Cottages na 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 13, 2019|title=Peter Hujar Features in This New Photo Book About a Group of Exhibitionists|url=https://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/12087/peter-hujar-gary-schneider-salters-cottages-dashwood-books|work=AnOther}}</ref><ref name="dashwood">{{Cite book|date=2019|title=Salters Cottages|publisher=Dashwood Books|isbn=9780996657464}}</ref> N'afọ 1998, o dechara "Genetic Self-Portrait," nke bụ foto iri ise na ise nke mejupụtara foto iri na anọ nke ahụ ya. E gosipụtara ọrụ ahụ na Musée de l'Élysée na Lausanne, Switzerland yana International Center of Photography na New York City na Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art. Light Work, Syracuse bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ na 1999. "Portraits", nyocha nke ọrụ ya, ka etinyere na Harvard Art Museums na 2004. Ọ gara na Contemporary Museum na Honolulu. Yale Press bipụtara akwụkwọ zuru ezu nke nwere ihe osise. Aperture bipụtara ya n'afọ 2005 ma gosipụta foto ndị dị ndụ na New York. Ihe ngosi ahụ gara na Reykjavik Art Museum na 2010. Ihe ngosi nyocha, "Flesh", bụ nke Museum of Photographic Arts na San Diego guzobere na 2008. "HandBook" bụ akwụkwọ Schneider nke 2010 nke Aperture bipụtara ma Schneider bipụtara na mbipụta-nke-a-na-achọ. "Handbook, South African Artists", Schneider's Guggenheim Fellowship project, nke Fourthwall Books bipụtara na Johannesburg, South Africa na 2015. == Ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nke o mere naanị ya == * 2018: "Analog Culture", Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/exhibitions/5630/analog-culture-printers-proofs-from-the-schneidererdman-photography-lab-19812001|title=Analog Culture: Printer's Proofs from the Schneider/Erdman Photography Lab, 1981–2001|publisher=Harvard Art Museums|accessdate=December 15, 2019}}</ref> * 2010: "Nudes", Reykjavik Art Museum, Hafnarhus, Reykjavik, Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artmuseum.is/exhibitions/nudes-gary-schneider|title=Nudes – Gary Schneider|publisher=Reykjavík Art Museum|accessdate=December 15, 2019}}</ref> * 2009: "Life@Life Size", Contemporary Art Galleries, Mahadum Connecticut, Storrs, CT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://contemporaryartgalleries.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1545/2016/02/GARYpress-bar.docx|title=Life@Life Size|publisher=Contemporary Art Galleries UConn|accessdate=December 15, 2019|archivedate=December 17, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217150006/https://contemporaryartgalleries.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1545/2016/02/GARYpress-bar.docx}}</ref> * 2008: "Flesh: The Portraiture of Gary Schneider", Museum of Photographic Art, San Diego, CA. * 2007: "Genetic Self-Portrait", The Warehouse Gallery, Syracuse, NY.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://galleries.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gallery_guide.pdf|title=Genetic Self-Portrait|publisher=The Warehouse Gallery|accessdate=December 15, 2019}}</ref> * 2007: "John 1989 China 2004", The Greenhouse Gallery, Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK. * 2005: "Nudes", Aperture Gallery, New York, NY.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aperture.org/exhibition/gary-schneider-nudes/|title=Gary Schneider: Nudes|accessdate=December 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=January 6, 2006|title=Art in Review; Gary Schneider -- Nudes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/06/arts/art-in-review-gary-schneider-nudes.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> * 2004: "Portraits", Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/exhibitions/2652/gary-schneider-portraits|title=Gary Schneider: Portraits|publisher=Harvard Art Museums|accessdate=December 15, 2019}}</ref> * 2004: "Portraits", Contemporary Museum, Honolulu, HI. * 2004: "Biology", Suzanne H Arnold Art Gallery, Lebanon Valley College, Annvile, PA. * 2003: "Genetic Self-Portrait", University Art Museum, SUNY, Albany, NY.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albany.edu/museum/wwwmuseum/schneider/|title=Genetic Self-Portrait|publisher=University Art Museum|accessdate=December 15, 2019|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323193332/https://www.albany.edu/museum/wwwmuseum/schneider/}}</ref> * 2003: "Genetic Self-Portrait", University Galleries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. * 2000: "Genetic Self-Portrait", International Center of Photography, New York, NY.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/gary-schneider-genetic-self-portrait|title=Genetic Self-Portrait|publisher=International Center of Photography|accessdate=December 15, 2019|archivedate=August 27, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827144017/https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/gary-schneider-genetic-self-portrait}}</ref> * 1998: "Genetic Self-Portrait", Museum de l'Eysee nke Lausanne, Lausanne. * 1997: "Foto ndị na-adịbeghị anya", The Haggerty Museum, Mahadum Marquette, Milwaukee, WI. * 1977: "Naming", ntinye na arụmọrụ, Artist Space, New York, NY. == Ihe nrite na onyinye == * 2016: Chancellor Scholar Award, Mahadum Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ. * 2015: Board of Trustees Research and Fellowship for Scholarly Excellence, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.masongross.rutgers.edu/news/gary-schneider-honored-board-trustees-research-fellowship-scholarly-excellence|title=Gary Schneider honored with Board of Trustees Research Fellowship for Scholarly Excellence|date=May 8, 2015|publisher=Rutgers Mason Gross School of the Arts|accessdate=December 15, 2019|archivedate=December 17, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217150032/https://www.masongross.rutgers.edu/news/gary-schneider-honored-board-trustees-research-fellowship-scholarly-excellence}}</ref> * 2014: A na-etinye aka na American Academy na Rome, Ịtali. Mahadum Rutgers, Mason Gross School of the Arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aarome.org/people/alumni/sof/directory|title=Society of Fellows Member Directory|publisher=American Academy in Rome|accessdate=December 15, 2019|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323183340/https://www.aarome.org/people/alumni/sof/directory}}</ref> * 2013: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship, New York, NY.<ref name="guggenheim"/> * 2010: Photobook Award Kassel 2009/2010, Handbook, Kassel, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fotobookfestival.org/portfolio-item/kassel-photobook-award-2010/#1519588219457-033ac525-6|title=Kassel Photobook Award 2010|publisher=Fotobook Festival|accessdate=December 15, 2019|archivedate=August 8, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808152233/https://fotobookfestival.org/portfolio-item/kassel-photobook-award-2010/#1519588219457-033ac525-6}}</ref> * 2010: Yaddo Artist Residency, Saratoga Springs, NY. * 2007: Foto Kwa Afọ Onyinye: Magazin. New York Times ''Magazine'': "Microbesity-What Makes So Much Fat", New York, NY. * 2007: Lead Award: Reportage, New York Times ''Magazine'': "Microbesity-What Makes So Many Fat", Hamburg, Germany. * 2007: Guernsey Residency, Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK. * 2005: Lou Stoumen Prize, Museum of Photographic Arts, San Diego, CA. * 2004: National Endowment for the Arts Grant, "Gary Schneider: Portraits", Harvard University Art Museums, Boston, MA. * 2004: AICA Award: Best Exhibition Mid Career Artist, International Association of Art Critics, Boston, MA. * 2000: Alfred Eisenstaedt Award: Sayensị na Teknụzụ, Photo Essay, Columbia University Journalism School na Life ''Magazine'', New York, NY. == Akwụkwọ na katalọgụ == * 2019: Salters Cottages. Dashwood Books, New York, NY.<ref name="dashwood"/> * 2018: ''Analog Culture'': Printero Proofs from the Schneider/Erdman Photography Lab, editor Jennifer Quick, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Analog Culture: Printer's Proofs from the Schneider/Erdman Photography Lab, 1981–2001|year=2018|url=https://shop.harvardartmuseums.org/collections/frontpage/products/analog-culture-printer-s-proofs-from-the-schneider-erdman-photography-lab-1981-2001|publisher=Harvard Art Museums|isbn=978-0-300-23303-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109155002/https://shop.harvardartmuseums.org/collections/frontpage/products/analog-culture-printer-s-proofs-from-the-schneider-erdman-photography-lab-1981-2001|archive-date=2025-01-09|access-date=2025-01-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2015: HandBook, South African Artists. Fourthwall Books, Johannesburg, South Africa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook: South African Artists|year=2016|url=http://fourthwallbooks.com/product/handbook-south-african-artists/|publisher=Fourthwall Books|isbn=978-0-9922263-8-1}}</ref> * 2012: Portrait Sequences 1975. OneStar Press, Paris, France.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2012|title=Portrait Sequences 1975|url=http://onestarpress.com/book/gary-schneider-portrait-sequences-1975|publisher=OneStar Press|archive-date=2022-01-18|access-date=2022-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118165005/https://onestarpress.com/book/gary-schneider-portrait-sequences-1975|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2010: HandBook, Aperture. New York, NY<ref>{{Cite book|date=2010|title=HandBook: Photographs by Gary Schneider|url=https://aperture.org/shop/handbook/|publisher=Aperture|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115070753/https://aperture.org/shop/handbook|archive-date=2019-11-15|access-date=2025-01-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2007: ''John'' 1989-2004. The Greenhouse Gallery, Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK. * 2005: N'ihi na ha gba ọtọ. Aperture, New York, NY.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2005|title=Nudes|url=https://aperture.org/shop/nudes/|publisher=Aperture|isbn=978-1-931788-62-5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014010440/https://aperture.org/shop/nudes|archive-date=2019-10-14|access-date=2025-01-09|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 30, 2005|title=Gary Schneider: Nudes|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-931788-62-5|work=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> * 2004: ''Gary Schneider'': Portraits. Martin Kao, Deborah. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT., na njikọ ya na Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA.<ref>{{Cite book|date=2004|title=Gary Schneider: Portraits|url=https://archive.org/details/garyschneiderpor0000kaod|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300100549}}</ref> * 2001: ''Foto Ezinụlọ Yezerski''. Ụlọ ngosi Howard Yezerski, Boston, MA. * 1999: Genetic Self-Portrait. edemede nke Ann Thomas, Lori Pauli, na Bettyann Kevles. Light Work, Syracuse, NY.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1999|title=Gary Schneider: Genetic Self-Portrait|url=https://www.lightwork.org/product/gary-schneider-genetic-self-portrait/|publisher=Light Work|isbn=978-0935445091|archive-date=2025-01-09|access-date=2022-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109155003/https://www.lightwork.org/product/gary-schneider-genetic-self-portrait/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1997: John na iri na isii. Martin Kao, Deborah. Howard Yezerski Gallery, Boston, MA; Stephen Daiter Photography, Chicago, IL; PPOW Gallery, New York, NY. * 1997: Foto ndị na-adịbeghị anya. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Haggerty, Mahadum Marquette, Milwaukee, MI. Akwụkwọ mpịakọta == Nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka == A na-anọchite anya ọrụ Schneider n'ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie gụnyere: * Ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Chicago,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artic.edu/artists/47824/gary-schneider|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Art Institute of Chicago}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Brooklyn<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/9489/objects|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|accessdate=December 6, 2019|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323175728/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/9489/objects}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie George Eastman<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.eastman.org/people/18967/gary-schneider/objects|title=Works of: Gary Schneider|publisher=George Eastman Museum|accessdate=December 6, 2019}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Harvard<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/collections/person/18077?person=18077|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Harvard Art Museums|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * Iziko South African National Gallery * Metropolitan Museum of Art<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!/search?artist=Schneider,%20Gary$Gary%20Schneider|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Elysee na Lausanne * Ebe ngosi nka nke Boston,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.mfa.org/advancedsearch/Objects/peopleSearch%3AGary%20Schneider|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Fine Art Houston<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfah.org/art/search?artist=Gary+Schneider|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * National Gallery nke Canada<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/gary-schneider|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=National Gallery of Canada|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * National Museum of African Art<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/people/asitem/person@ARTIST:S/6?t:state:flow=c3bfcc4d-f345-4907-8b87-32c7f07f6395|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=National Museum of African Art|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Reykjavik<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://safneign.listasafnreykjavikur.is/hofundur/616|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Reykjavik Art Museum|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=December 17, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217150059/https://safneign.listasafnreykjavikur.is/hofundur/616}}</ref> * Whitney Museum of American Art<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitney.org/artists/5388|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Whitney Museum of American Art|accessdate=December 8, 2019}}</ref> * Yale University Art Gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collection/search/Gary%20Schneider|title=Gary Schneider|publisher=Yale University Art Gallery|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=March 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323175243/https://artgallery.yale.edu/collection/search/Gary%2520Schneider}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://www.howardyezerski.com/gary-schneider Ụlọ ngosi Howard Yezerski] * [http://stephendaitergallery.com/artists/gary-schneider/ Ebe ngosi ihe nkiri Stephen Daiter] == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 400sj2omp4kp9xckyctlzjm1l2bc0ou 0 16088 743833 439571 2026-11-07T21:00:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Blacka Di Danca''' bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, ónyé na-eme ihe nkírí na ónyé na-ede ihe nkírí.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm10128694/|title=Blacka Di Danca|work=IMDb.com|accessdate=2020-03-13}}</ref> Blacka na-agagharị mgbè niile na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], [[Obodo Békè|Europe]], [[Kánada|Canada]], Asia, Russia, Central na [[South Amerika|South America]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kingstontola.com/music/2016/2/3/danca-of-dancehall?rq=blacka|title=DANCA OF DANCEHALL|work=Kingstontola.com|accessdate=2016-07-04|archivedate=2016-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811080547/http://www.kingstontola.com/music/2016/2/3/danca-of-dancehall?rq=blacka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.largeup.com/2013/10/14/dancehall-pon-ice-blacka-takes-siberia/|title=Tundra Tun Up: Blacka Di Danca Brings Dancehall to Siberia|date=2013-10-14|work=Largeup.com|accessdate=2016-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916010438/http://www.largeup.com/2013/10/14/dancehall-pon-ice-blacka-takes-siberia/|archive-date=2016-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.largeup.com/2013/10/22/blackas-world-mexico/|title=Blacka's World: Wining and Dining in Mexico City|date=2013-10-22|work=Largeup.com|accessdate=2016-07-04}}</ref> Nkà Blacka emeela ka ya na ụfọdụ n'ime aha ndị kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ egwu rụọ ọrụ.<ref name="title">{{Cite web|author=Xavier Murphy|title=Conversation with Dancehall Choreographer, Blacka Di Danca|url=http://jamaicans.com/conversation-with-dancehall-choreographer-blacka-d/|work=Jamaicas.com|accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref> O meela ihe nkiri ma gosipụta na vidiyo egwu màkà Major Lazer, Rvssian, J Balvin, Farruko, Shenseea, Tyga, Janet Jackson, Nicky Jam, Anuel AA, [[Rihanna]], Cardi B, El Alfa, Drake, A$AP Rocky, na [[Davido]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamaica-star.com/article/entertainment/20180824/jcan-dance-moves-featured-janet-jacksons-music-video|title=J'can dance moves featured in Janet Jackson's music video|work=jamaica-star.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fuse.tv/2018/03/nicky-jam-j-balvin-x-equis-video-dancehall-inspired|title=Nicky Jam & J Balvin Infuse Dancehall's Lively Spirit In New 'X (Equis)' Video - Fuse|work=Fuse.tv|accessdate=2018-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.largeup.com/2016/02/22/blackas-world-getting-that-work-with-rihanna/|title=Blacka's World: How I Got To "Work Work Work Work Work" With Rihanna|date=2016-02-22|work=Largeup.com|accessdate=2016-07-04}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ màkà njem ụwa nke Farruko na Luis Fonsi. Dị ka ónyé na-eme ihe nkiri, ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na kọntaktị na ememme, na-apụta na kpakpando dịka Janet Jackson, Daddy Yankee, Farruko, [[Rihanna]], Skrillex, Diplo, Kiesza, Nyla na Collie Buddz, ndị ya na ha gara ọtụtụ afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.largeup.com/2013/11/25/blackas-world-pon-de-tour-with-major-lazer/|title=Blacka's World: Pon De Tour with Major Lazer|date=2013-11-25|work=Largeup.com|accessdate=2016-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915234453/http://www.largeup.com/2013/11/25/blackas-world-pon-de-tour-with-major-lazer/|archive-date=2016-09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Blacka bụ ugbu a ónyé mbụ na naanị ónyé na-eme ihe nkiri dancehall na-arụkọ ọrụ na nnukwu ihe ọṅụṅụ Red Bull. E gosipụtara Blacka na ''The New York Times'', ''The Jamaica Star'', The ''Jamaica Gleaner'', The Source magazine mà gosipụta na BET, MTV, Fuse TV na CBS TV.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/18/arts/dance/review-blacka-di-danca-shakes-his-way-through-borough-hall.html|title=Review: Blacka Di Danca Shakes His Way Through Borough Hall|author=Burke|first=Siobhan|date=2015-09-17|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2016-07-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caribbeanemagazine.blogspot.com/2014/04/meet-international-dancehall.html|title=Meet International Dancehall Choreographer Blacka Di Danca - Caribbean Entertainment Magazine|work=Caribbeanemagazine.blogspot.com|accessdate=2016-07-04}}</ref> == Ọrụ == A mụrụ ya mà zụlite ya na Brooklyn, New York, Blacka tolitere n'ezinụlọ Caribbean na Crown Heights. Dancehall, reggae, soca na egwu calypso abụwo akụkụ nke ndụ ya. N'afọ 2003, ọ chọpụtara Passa Passa kwa izu na-eme emume dancehall nkè a na-eme na Kingston, Jamaica. Ụlọ ahịa dị na Brooklyn na mbido afọ 2000 na-ere ma gosipụta Passa Passa DVDS. Blacka mụtara banyéré omenala okporo ámá dancehall site n'anya ndị na-agba egwú na Deejays na-agakarị nnọkọ. Passa Passa DVD gosipụtara ijè egwu, ejiji, egwu na okwu ndị bịara na omenala okporo ámá dancehall.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20161009/american-dancer-urges-colleagues-give-jamaican-creators-credit|title=American dancer urges colleagues to give Jamaican creators credit|work=jamaica-gleaner.com|accessdate=2016-10-09}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://jamaica-star.com/article/features/20160923/dancers-paradise-dancing-can-make-you-money|title=Dancers' Paradise: Dancing can make you money|work=jamaica-star.com|accessdate=2016-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010050003/http://jamaica-star.com/article/features/20160923/dancers-paradise-dancing-can-make-you-money|archive-date=2016-10-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Site na 2003 na 2007, Blacka na-eme oriri kwa abalị na klọb na ihe omume okporo ámá site na Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, Manhattan na Staten Island n'ihi na ọ na-eme onwe ya aha. Na mbido afọ 2008, e debara aha ya na nké mbụ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ọkachamara na Virginia dị ka ónyé na-agba egwu màkà oriri abalị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caribbeanlifenews.com/stories/2016/9/cl-blacka-di-danca-2016-08-19-bk.html|title=Local dancer becomes international choreographer|author=|first=|date=|work=Caribbeanlifenews.com|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.largeup.com/2017/05/02/dancehall-dreams-blacka-di-danca/|title=LargeUp TV: Dancehall Dreams with Blacka Di Danca|date=2 May 2017|work=Largeup.com|accessdate=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225220435/https://www.largeup.com/2017/05/02/dancehall-dreams-blacka-di-danca/|archive-date=25 February 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ịgbasa omenala dancehall == Kemgbe afọ 2013, Blacka anọwo na ngụkọta nke njem ụwa irí na isii n'onwe ya n'ihe karịrị ọbọdọ irí asatọ na isé na mba irí anọ nà otu nke gụnyere: [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], [[Poland]], Russia, Siberia, Italy, [[France]], [[Jémanị|Germany]], [[Belgium]], [[Sweden]], [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], [[Spain]], [[Finland]], Norway, [[Lithunia|Lithuania]], Romania, [[Chekia|Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], [[Kánada|Canada]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]], [[Portugal]], [[Argentina]], [[Denmark]], [[Colombia]], [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], [[Brazil]], Cyprus, [[Ecuador]], Singapore, [[Romania]], Puerto Rico, [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Ndia|India]], [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]], Bolivia, [[Bolivia]], Costa Rica, Greece, [[Lebanon]] na [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.largeup.com/2014/03/03/blackas-world-teach-the-world-x-major-lazer-video/|title=Blacka's World: Blacka Loses Himself + Teaches The World|date=2014-03-03|work=LargeUp|accessdate=2016-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915225637/http://www.largeup.com/2014/03/03/blackas-world-teach-the-world-x-major-lazer-video/|archive-date=2016-09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkọwapụta == === Vidio egwu<ref name=":2" /> === * XXXTentacion, Ky-Mani Marley, Stefflon Don, Vybz Kartel - "Royalty" * Nicky Jam X Anuel AA - "Whine Up" * Rvssian, J Balvin, Farruko - "Ponle" * Shenseea ft. Tyga - "A gọziri agọzi" * Alfa ft. Cardi B - "Mama m" * Janet Jackson x Daddy Yankee - "E mere maka ugbu a" * Nicky Jam x J. Balvin - "X" (Equis) * Hood Celebrityy - Ihe nrite ije ije * Major Lazer - "Lose Yourself" ft. Moska na RDX * Rihanna - "Ọrụ" ft. Drake * A$AP Rocky - "Ọtụtụ" ft. J J na-atọ ụtọ * Alkaline - "Obodo" * Shaggy - "Ọ bụrụ na U Slip, U Slide" ft. Melissa Egwú<ref name=":3" /> === Ihe nrite === * Mahadum Binghamton Carnival Dancehall King 2008 * NYC Dance-A-Rama Onye mmeri nke ndị mmeri 2010 * 2019 Kidpreneur Awards maka Philanthropy === Ígwè Onyonyoo === * Ahụmahụ BET 2018 * Ihe ngosi Tonight nke Jimmy Fallon na-eme * MTV 2016 VMAs * Fuse TV "The Hustle After Party" * CBS "Ihe ngosi Mbụ" == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Di Danca, Blacka}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pp90tcdich5tm5r97p9xbpu26u29b0c 0 16232 743834 443117 2026-11-07T21:12:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Blessing Edoho (amụrụ na 5 Septemba 1992 na Naijiria) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] [[Naijiria]] na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/blessing-edoho_prs326800/person.shtml|title=Blessing Edoho - Player Profile - Football|access-date=2022-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127115424/https://www.eurosport.com/football/blessing-edoho_prs326800/person.shtml|archive-date=2024-11-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Edoho mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa na 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.<ref>http://www.soccerpunter.com/players/135282-Blessing-Edoho</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2015, a kpọrọ Edoho ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka otu Naịjirịa na 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenff.com/2015/05/falcons-fly-out-with-high-hopes/|title=Falcons fly out with high hopes|date=19 May 2015|publisher=Nigeria Football Federation|accessdate=1 September 2019|archivedate=1 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901201254/https://www.thenff.com/2015/05/falcons-fly-out-with-high-hopes/}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Blessing Edoho – FIFA competition record (archived) * Blessing Edoho at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Edoho, Blessing}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fmhb26825wdql008wm63ldgncwjs54j 0 19227 743816 140432 2026-11-07T17:37:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743816 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline">Ayisha Siddiqa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |8 February 1999<br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Jhang]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |[[Pakistan]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Occupation | class="infobox-data role" |climate activist |} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} '''Ayisha Siddiqa''' (amụrụ na 8 Febụwarị 1999) bụ onye Pakistan na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi si Coney Island, New York City. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Fossil Free University na PollutersOut!. == Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Siddiqa na 8 Febụwarị 1999.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Sarah|first=Rachel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wT3DwAAQBAJ&dq=Ayisha+Siddiqa+8+February+1999&pg=PT74|title=Girl Warriors: How 25 Young Activists Are Saving the Earth|date=2021|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-1-64160-374-4|language=en}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na Jhang nke dị nso na Osimiri Chenab ma biri na ugbo nne na nna ochie gburugburu ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2022|title=We've got more inspiring young activists for you to learn about!|url=https://artswork.org.uk/news/weve-got-more-inspiring-young-activists-for-you-to-learn-about/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Artswork|language=en-GB}}</ref> Nna nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa ọbara n'afọ 2012 na nne nne ya nwụrụ n"ihi ọrịa polio n'afọ 2014. Ọ na-agwa na ọrịa nne na nna nna ya ochie sitere na mmiri ha na-aṅụ site n'osimiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayesha|first=Siddiqa|date=|title=Climate Change and Me|url=https://wheretheleavesfall.com/explore/article-index/climate-change-and-me/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=wheretheleavesfall}}</ref> Ọ kwagara United States mgbe ọ dị afọ ole na ole.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Hunter College wee nweta Bachelor of arts na Political Sciences na Bekee na 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fellows Program 2021 Cohort • Coro New York|url=https://coronewyork.org/fellows-program-2021-cohort/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Coro New York|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427025403/https://coronewyork.org/fellows-program-2021-cohort/}}</ref> Mgbe ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ natara mmemme Thomas Hunter Honors<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-16|title=Hunter Students and Alumni Awarded Prestigious Fellowships and Scholarships|url=https://hunter.cuny.edu/news/hunter-students-and-alumni-awarded-prestigious-fellowships-and-scholarships/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Hunter College {{!}}|publisher=Hunter College|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Siddiqa na-arụ ọrụ na New York State Assembly site na mmemme Edward T. Rogowsky Internship na 2019.<ref name=":1" /> Ugbu a ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha na Coro New York Leadership Center na onye ọka iwu na Munger, Tolles & Olson.<ref name=":2" /> == Ịgba mbọ == Siddiqa malitere ọrụ ya mgbe ọ chọtara alaka mahadum nnupụisi na Mee 2019.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Engelfried|first=Nick|date=2020-03-03|title=How a new generation of climate activists is reviving fossil fuel divestment and gaining victories|url=https://wagingnonviolence.org/2020/03/climate-activists-reviving-fossil-fuel-divestment/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Waging Nonviolence|language=en-US}}</ref> Nzukọ ahụ na-eme ngagharị iwe na 7 Ọktoba 2019 na Lower Manhattan, New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Oded|first=Yair|date=17 October 2019|title=Extinction Rebellion protesters take over lower Manhattan|url=https://www.fairplanet.org/editors-pick/xr-protesters-take-over-lower-manhattan/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=FairPlanet|language=en}}</ref> Ndị sonyere na ọgbaghara ahụ bụ mmadụ pụkụ narị atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Funes|first=Yessenia|date=2021-10-25|title=Pushing Polluters Out at COP26|url=https://atmos.earth/cop26-polluters-out-ayisha-siddiqa-big-oil/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Atmos|language=en}}</ref> Otu n'ime ihe omume ahụ bụ na ha wụsara ọbara adịgboroja na Charging Bull nke dị na Wall Street.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Calma|first=Justine|date=2019-10-07|title=Protesters douse Wall Street bull with fake blood|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/7/20902936/extinction-rebellion-climate-change-protests-wall-street-bull-fake-blood-new-york|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> Dị ka nzaghachi na 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference, ya na Isabella Fallahi na Helena Gualinga guzobere Polluters Out.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Reddy|first=Shani|date=2020-09-09|title=MAVERICK CITIZEN: Activist 'university' teaches ways of combating the environmental crisis – and it's free|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-09-10-activist-university-teaches-ways-of-combating-the-environmental-crisis-and-its-free/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref> E kere nzukọ ahụ n'ihi na ha ghọtara na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ihe omume ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sarah|first=Rachel|date=4 November 2021|title=Whose Voices Are (and Aren't) Being Heard at COP26?|url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/environment/2021/11/04/cop26-equity-climate-crisis|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=YES! Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nke kwadoro ihe omume ahụ bụ Endesa, Iberdrola, Banco Santander na Acciona.<ref>{{Cite web|author=D’Angelo|first=Chris|date=12 January 2020|title=Fossil Fuel Companies Get Enormous Play At UN Meetings|url=https://seatca.org/fossil-fuel-companies-get-enormous-play-at-un-meetings/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance}}</ref> N'ihi mkpọsa a, COP 26 etinyeghị nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị ka onye nkwado maka COP 26 na otu ihe omume ahụ n'ihu. Otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke mkpebi a metụtara bụ British Petroleum.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Walfisz|first=Jonny|date=2021-10-24|title=COP26 bans oil company sponsorship, documents reveal|url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/10/24/cop26-bans-oil-company-sponsorship-documents-reveal|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=euronews|language=en}}</ref> Ọ sonyekwara na ngagharị iwe nke na-eme na TED countdown Conference nke na-ewere ọnọdụ na Edinburgh mgbe onye isi oche Shell plc, Ben van Beurden na-akpọ onye ọkà okwu maka ihe omume ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Gan|first=Tammy|date=18 October 2021|title=Best Sustainable Gifts in Asia|url=https://greenisthenewblack.com/shell-ted-countdown/|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Green Is The New Black|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye nchoputa na onye isi nchịkwa nke Student Affairs na Free Fossil University.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayisha Siddiqa|url=https://advaya.co/people/ayisha-siddiqa|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=Advaya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427022721/https://advaya.co/people/ayisha-siddiqa|archive-date=2022-04-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ gakwara 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference na Nọvemba 2021 iji nye echiche ya banyere enweghị ohere nke ihe omume ahụ karịsịa maka ndị si mba Global South.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brangham|first=William|date=2021-11-11|title=Why these young people came to the COP26 climate change conference|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/why-these-young-people-came-to-the-cop26-climate-change-conference|accessdate=2022-04-19|work=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}</ref> == Ebensidee == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1999]] jdnmu48bvj4bpeuuq06frdb554my4ex 0 19278 743862 627899 2026-11-08T04:32:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Dominika_Lasota_von_Fridays_For_Future_Polen_spricht_auf_der_Fahrraddemo_von_Together_for_Future_über_Deutschland,_den_Krieg,_die_Wende_und_den_Ukraine-Krieg.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dominika_Lasota_von_Fridays_For_Future_Polen_spricht_auf_der_Fahrraddemo_von_Together_for_Future_%C3%BCber_Deutschland%2C_den_Krieg%2C_die_Wende_und_den_Ukraine-Krieg.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg|thumb|Dominika Lasota na Berlin na 2022]] '''Dominika Lasota''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2001) bụ onye Poland na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe bụ onye na-ahazi ọrụ na Fridays For Future movement. Ọ so na ndị guzobere Kansụl Ndụmọdụ, nke e guzobere n'ihi ngagharị iwe ndị Poland n'October 2020. == Nwatakịrị na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Lasota na 26 Nọvemba 2001. Ọ gara Stonyhurst College na England ruo afọ abụọ n'ihe dị ka 2018 - 2019 wee sonye n'ogige ndị ntorobịa na United States. == Ọgbaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ihu igwe == Lasota bụ onye na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mkpọsa maka iwu ihu igwe Europe na maka mgbanwe ziri ezi, mgbanwe akụ na ụba na akụ na ụba ahịhịa ndụ nke na-echebe ndị ọrụ. Na 15 Jụn 2020, Lasota bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eme ihe na-eme n'ihu Chancellery nke Praịm Minista nke Poland iji nye gọọmentị Poland nsogbu maka nsogbu ihu igwe na nzukọ Kansụl Europe nke 19 Jụn 2020. Lasota kwuru na ebe ọ bụ na a gere ndụmọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, a ga-ege ntị na ndụmọdụ ndị ọkà n'ihe gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe (IPCC) Assessment na akụkọ pụrụ iche. Lasota katọrọ ọdịda nke ndị ọrụ Praịm Minista itinye aka na mwakpo a wakporo onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe. Mwakpo ahụ mere n'oge nzukọ dị n'etiti ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha na eze na Bydgoszcz na 26 Jụn n'ihe gbasara ntuli aka onye isi ala Poland nke afọ 2020. Ọtụtụ "ndị okenye" wakporo onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe bụ Malwina Chmara, "naanị mita 1.52 site na Praịm Minista", dị ka Lasota si kwuo. Lasota kwuru na "ọ dịghị ihe e mere iji kwụsị mwakpo ahụ". Lasota na Chmara kwuru na ha aghọtaghị ihe kpatara mwakpo ime ihe ike ahụ, ha chọpụtakwara na ọ bụ ihe na-ewute na ma praịm minista ma ọ bụ ọfịs onye isi ala rịọrọ mgbaghara maka enweghị ike itinye aka. Na ngagharị iwe nke August 2020 n'ihu Ministry for State Assets, nke Minista Jacek Sasin duziri, Lasota kwuru na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wepụrụ ndị nkịtị na mkpebi gbasara nsogbu ihu igwe, kama ịkwado ndị Poland na-akwado ndị na-ahụ maka coal. Na ngagharị iwe na Bydgoszcz na Septemba 2020, o kwuru na nsogbu ihu igwe metụtara ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ebe ọ bụ na ndị ogbenye enweghị ike ichebe ụlọ ha pụọ na ajọ ifufe na idei mmiri. O kwuru na mmetụta nke nsogbu ihu igwe a na-enwe na Poland gụnyere ọkụ ọhịa nke Eprel 2020 na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Biebrza na ọnwụ ndị ọrụ ugbo nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo kpatara. Lasota kwuru na ya na ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ihu igwe bu n'obi "ịgba praịm minista Poland aka maka mgbanwe ziri ezi" n'ihe gbasara okpomọkụ ụwa. == Kansụl Ndụmọdụ == A họpụtara Lasota dị ka otu n'ime ndị guzobere ndị otu ndụmọdụ nke e guzobere na 1 Nọvemba 2020 n'ihe gbasara ngagharị iwe ndị Poland n'Ọktoba 2020, dị ka njikọ aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. == Ebensidee == {{Reflist|refs={{cite news | last1= Karwowska | first1= Anita | last2= Paś | first2= Waldemar | language =pl | title= Dymisja rządu i Julii Przyłębskiej. Czego jeszcze żąda Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet? Co się wydarzy w środę 28 października? |trans-title = Government and Julia Przyłębska to resign. What else does All-Poland Women's Strike want? What will happen on Wednesday 28 October? | date= 27 October 2020 |newspaper= [[Gazeta Wyborcza]] | url= https://wyborcza.pl/7,162657,26445467,dymisja-rzadu-i-julii-przylebskiej-czego-jeszcze-zada-ogolnopolski.html |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20201101202912/https://wyborcza.pl/7,162657,26445467,dymisja-rzadu-i-julii-przylebskiej-czego-jeszcze-zada-ogolnopolski.html |archive-date= 1 November 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{cite news | language= pl | title= Rada konsultacyjna Strajku Kobiet przedstawiła swój skład i pierwsze postulaty | trans-title= The Consultative Council of the Women's Strike presented its composition and first demands | date= 1 November 2020 | newspaper= [[Onet.pl]] | url= https://www.onet.pl/informacje/onetwiadomosci/rada-konsultacyjna-strajku-kobiet-sklad-postulaty/y10wrh3,79cfc278 | access-date= 1 November 2020 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20201101201023/https://www.onet.pl/informacje/onetwiadomosci/rada-konsultacyjna-strajku-kobiet-sklad-postulaty/y10wrh3,79cfc278 | archive-date= 1 November 2020 | url-status= dead }}</ref> {{cite news | last1= Mikołajska | first1= Marta | language =pl | title= Trzydzieści polskich miast w obronie sprawiedliwości klimatycznej. Jak było w Bydgoszczy? [zdjęcia] |trans-title =Thirty Polish towns in defence of climate justice. How about Bydgoszcz? [photos] | date= 26 September 2020 |newspaper= [[Express Bydgoski]] | url= https://expressbydgoski.pl/trzydziesci-polskich-miast-w-obronie-sprawiedliwosci-klimatycznej-jak-bylo-w-bydgoszczy-zdjecia/ar/c15-15199226 |access-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20201102062957/https://expressbydgoski.pl/trzydziesci-polskich-miast-w-obronie-sprawiedliwosci-klimatycznej-jak-bylo-w-bydgoszczy-zdjecia/ar/c15-15199226 |archive-date= 2 November 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{cite web | last1 =Noróć | first1 =Daria | language =pl | title =Łańcuch dla Klimatu pod KPRM. 'Jaką przyszłość nam zbudujecie?' | trans-title =Climate chain in front of the prime minister's chancellery. 'What future are you building for us?' | website =Alternatywa.net.pl | date =18 June 2020 | url =https://alternatywa.net.pl/lancuch-dla-klimatu-pod-kprm-jaka-przyszlosc-nam-zbudujecie/ | access-date =3 November 2020 | archive-url =https://archive.today/20201102063215/https://alternatywa.net.pl/lancuch-dla-klimatu-pod-kprm-jaka-przyszlosc-nam-zbudujecie/ | archive-date =2 November 2020 | url-status =live | accessdate =3 September 2022 | archivedate =2 November 2020 | archiveurl =https://archive.ph/20201102063215/https://alternatywa.net.pl/lancuch-dla-klimatu-pod-kprm-jaka-przyszlosc-nam-zbudujecie/ }}</ref> {{cite web | language= pl | title= Młodzież walcząca o klimat: Nie chcemy nikogo prowokować, ale tylko przekonać do walki o wspólne dobro | trans-title= Youth fighting for the climate: We don't want to provoke anyone, but only to convince them to fight for the common good | website= Portal Kujawski | date= 20 June 2020 | url= http://www.portalkujawski.pl/bydgoszcz/item/18203-mlodziez-walczaca-o-klimat-nie-chcemy-nikogo-prowokowac-ale-tylko-przekonac-do-walki-o-wspolne-dobro | access-date= 3 November 2020 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20201102063539/http://www.portalkujawski.pl/bydgoszcz/item/18203-mlodziez-walczaca-o-klimat-nie-chcemy-nikogo-prowokowac-ale-tylko-przekonac-do-walki-o-wspolne-dobro | archive-date= 2 November 2020 | url-status= dead | accessdate= 3 September 2022 | archivedate= 2 November 2020 | archiveurl= https://archive.today/20201102063539/http://www.portalkujawski.pl/bydgoszcz/item/18203-mlodziez-walczaca-o-klimat-nie-chcemy-nikogo-prowokowac-ale-tylko-przekonac-do-walki-o-wspolne-dobro }}</ref> {{cite web | last1 =Medoń | first1 =Sebastian | language =pl | title= 'Mamy 10 lat, by zapobiec katastrofie'. Protest młodych aktywistów przed resortem Jacka Sasina |trans-title ='We have 10 years to prevent catastrophe'. Protest by youth activists in front of the Jacek Sasin's ministry | website= Smoglab |date =27 August 2020 | url =https://smoglab.pl/mamy-10-lat-by-zapobiec-katastrofie-protest-mlodych-aktywistow-przed-resortem-jacka-sasina/ | access-date = 3 November 2020 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20201102064011/https://smoglab.pl/mamy-10-lat-by-zapobiec-katastrofie-protest-mlodych-aktywistow-przed-resortem-jacka-sasina/ |archive-date= 2 November 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{cite news | last1= Czarnacka | first1= Agata | language =pl | title= 13 postulatów Strajku Kobiet. O co walczą? |trans-title = Women's Strike's thirteen demands. What are they fighting for? | date= 1 November 2020 |newspaper= [[Polityka]] | url= https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/spoleczenstwo/1977308,1,13-postulatow-strajku-kobiet-o-co-walcza.read |access-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20201102064448/https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/spoleczenstwo/1977308,1,13-postulatow-strajku-kobiet-o-co-walcza.read |archive-date= 2 November 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{cite web | title= Dominika Lasota | website= [[Million Minutes]] | date= 3 July 2019 | url= https://millionminutes.org/new-blog/2019/7/1/dominika-lasota | access-date= 10 December 2020 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20201210034707/https://millionminutes.org/new-blog/2019/7/1/dominika-lasota | archive-date= 10 December 2020 | url-status= dead | accessdate= 3 September 2022 | archivedate= 10 December 2020 | archiveurl= https://archive.today/20201210034707/https://millionminutes.org/new-blog/2019/7/1/dominika-lasota }}</ref> {{cite web | language =pl | title =Otwarty Program Mentoringowy 2020 – Gala finałowa – Dominika Lasota | trans-title =Open mentoring program 2020 – Final gala – Dominika Lasota | website =[[Vital Voices]] | year =2020 | url =https://vitalvoices.pl/blog/mentees/dominika-lasota/ | access-date =10 December 2020 | archive-url =https://archive.today/20201210034652/https://vitalvoices.pl/blog/mentees/dominika-lasota/ | archive-date =10 December 2020 | url-status =dead | accessdate =3 September 2022 | archivedate =10 December 2020 | archiveurl =https://archive.ph/20201210034652/https://vitalvoices.pl/blog/mentees/dominika-lasota/ }}</ref> <!-- templates <ref name="...">{{cite news |access-date=20... }}</ref> <ref name="...">{{cite web| access-date =20... }}</ref> -->}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lasota, Dominika}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 2001]] ffjds5bmo207ew2d623bopnm526q32l 0 19617 743825 110227 2026-11-07T19:19:22Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |''Begonia glabra'' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Begonia_glabra_Fruchtstand.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Climbing a tree |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Begonia| edit ]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Osisi|Plantae]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Vascular plant|Tracheophytes]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Eudicots]] |- |''Clade'': |[[Rosids]] |- |Order: |[[Cucurbitales]] |- |Family: |[[Begoniaceae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Begonia]]'' |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''B.&nbsp;glabra'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Begonia glabra''</span>'''<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">[[Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet|Aubl.]]</div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]<ref name="104759-1">{{cite web|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:104759-1|title=''Begonia glabra'' Aubl.|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807043929/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:104759-1|archive-date=7 August 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>List</div></div> ** ''Begonia elliptica'' <small>Kunth</small> ** ''Begonia glabra'' var. ''amplifolia'' <small>(A.DC.</small><small>) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.</small> ** ''Begonia hoegeana'' <small>Regel & Schmidt</small> ** ''Begonia locellata'' <small>A.DC.</small> ** ''Begonia lucida'' <small>Otto & A.Dietr.</small> ** ''Begonia moritziana'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small> ** ''Begonia physalifolia'' <small>Liebm.</small> ** ''Begonia populifolia'' <small>Schott</small> ** ''Begonia repens'' <small>Sessé & Moc.</small> ** ''Begonia scandens'' <small>Sw.</small> ** ''Begonia scandens'' var. ''amplifolia'' <small>A.DC.</small> ** ''Begonia scandens'' var. ''cordifolia'' <small>C.DC.</small> ** ''Wageneria deflexa'' <small>Klotzsch</small> ** ''Wageneria glabra'' <small>(Aubl.</small><small>) Klotzsch</small> ** ''Wageneria lucida'' <small>Klotzsch</small> ** ''Wageneria montana'' <small>Klotzsch</small> </div> |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] '''''Begonia glabra''''', sorrel na-arịgo arịgo, bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ezinụlọ Begoniaceae, nke na eto na Okpomọkụ nke ụwa ọfu<ref name="104759-1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=''Begonia glabra'' climbing sorrel|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/20096/Begonia-glabra/Details|date=2021|publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society|accessdate=7 August 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọ na-ewu ewu na vivariums. Ojiji ya na okpukpe ọdịnala Winti Afro-Surinamese emeela ka a chịkọta ya n'ógbè.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sacred Natural Sites: Conserving Nature and Culture|author=Verschuuren|first=Bas|date=25 June 2012|isbn=9781136530746}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q10546535}} 2if5sxgg5h3p5qr1e2c8uzikv2ak6sg 0 22256 743859 672167 2026-11-08T04:11:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Diana Frances, (onye mụrụ '''Diana Frances''' Clent) bụ onye Canada na-eme ihe ọchị, onye edemede, na onye njikwa azụmahịa. O dere ma mee ihe ọchị maka ihe nkiri, telivishọn na redio ruo afọ iri atọ, ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke otu ihe nkiri Rock Paper Scissors nke dị na Vancouver. A họpụtala ya maka Gemini Award na onye nke itoolu, Canadian Comedy Awards. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Diana Frances Clent si Langley kwaga Maple Ridge, British Columbia, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, mgbe ihe o mechara kọwaa dị ka "ihe na-akpata ọdachi n'ezinụlọ"<ref name="MapleLocal"/>. Ndị ọzọ kpọọrọ ya, ọ bụrụ nwa ha<ref name="PlaybackRockie"/>, ma soro nwanne nne ya na nwanne nna ya biri mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Maple Ridge <ref name="MapleLocal"/>. Ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe ihe nkiri ma na mbụ chụsoo ihe nkiri Shakespearean<ref name="DownImprov"/>, mana a na-etinye ya ugboro ugboro na ọrụ na-atọ ọchị ma nwee obi ụtọ na nzaghachi ndị na-ege ntị <ref name="MapleLocal"/>. Ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri na Douglas College <ref name="DownImprov"/>. Ka ọ na-abanye n'azụmahịa ntụrụndụ, ọ hapụrụ aha nna ya nke o chere na ọ dị ka "ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị"<ref name="MapleLocal"/>. == Ọrụ == Frances sonyeere Vancouver Theatresports League, ebe ọ mụtara usoro improvisational. Amamihe ya ngwa ngwa mere ka o nweta ọnọdụ na Rock Paper Scissors (RPS) comedy collective<ref name="DownImprov"/>. N'afọ 1991, ọ nọchiri onye na-eme ihe nkiri na mmepụta RPS A Twisted Christmas Carol, egwuregwu improvisational dabere na usoro nke Dickens classic<ref name="ConnerGhosts"/>. Ọ laghachiri ịbụ akụkụ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ oge ọ bụla nke egwuregwu ahụ ruo 2005, ma mesịa maliteghachi egwuregwu ahụ na 2014.<ref name="YoungAudience"/> RPS dọtara ndị ahịa ụlọ ọrụ ma chọta ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ihe ọchị maka nzukọ yana inye ọmụmụ ihe maka mmekọrịta ndị ọrụ. Dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke RPS, a kpọrọ Frances otu n'ime "Forty Under 40" site na magazin Business in Vancouver na 2003<ref name="FortyUnder40" /><ref name="DownImprov"/>. Frances sokwa ụlọ ọrụ Impolite Company (IMPCO) mee ihe osise<ref name="CarlsonLaughing" />, Urban Improv<ref name="WassermanFringe" /><ref name="CourierAhead" /> na Canadian Content<ref name="ChaiBoothby" />. N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1997, Frances pụtara na otu egwu egwu egwu I'd Probably Be Famous<ref name="ArmstrongDreams" />. O duziri mmepụta nke The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) na Jenụwarị 1998<ref name="SunShakespeare" />, ma mee akụkụ nke egwuregwu ahụ dị ka nọmba abụ na ịgba egwú mgbe ọ chọpụtara na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ya nwere ike ịgba egwú<ref name="BirnieShakespeare" />. N'afọ 2001 na 2002, ya na RPS rụrụ ọrụ na egwu egwu ''Blankety Blank'': The Unknown Musical<ref name="BirnieBelong" /> and Design For Living<ref name="PerryCampagnolo" />. N'afọ 2005, Frances malitere ime Leave it to Cleavage, ihe ngosi ọ mepụtara na Ellie Harvie, ebe ndị na-elekọta ụlọ ha na-enye ngwọta oge 1950 maka nonsense nke oge a nke ndị na-ege ntị<ref name="HilbornShadbolt" /><ref name="VernonStyle" /><ref name="ChilliwackCleavage" />. A matara ha site na nhọpụta nke afọ 2004 Canadian Comedy Award maka Best Improv Troupe<ref name="WaddellPoised" />. Arịrịọ maka mmemme ''telivishọn'' bịara na ngwụcha afọ 1990 site na mmalite nke The Comedy Network, nke Frances dere ma mee ihe nkiri na usoro nke ihe nkiri Slightly Bent TV (1999) na Sucker Punch (2001 euo 2002)<ref name="BlakeySucker" /><ref name="CarlsonVariations" /><ref name="VernonDesperate"/><ref name="EdwardsWillis"/><ref name="EdwardsRetooled"/> ma dee maka ''akwụkwọ'' ''akụkọ'' satirical nke afọ 2002 Point Blank<ref name="WaddellWarm"/>. O dere maka CTV's Comedy Inc<ref name="CoquitlamCleavage"/>, ma soro mepụta ma rụọ ọrụ na njem ọchị iji kwado oge nke ise ya<ref name="MapleLocal"/>. O mechara dee maka This Hour Has 22 Minutes<ref name="ChilliwackCleavage"/>. A họpụtara Frances maka Gemini Award maka ide maka The Hour na George Stroumboulopoulos<ref name="PlaybackGemini2009n"/>. Frances mechara deere ndị ''[[Corner Gas Animated]]''<ref>{{cite web |website=Corner Gas|url=https://www.cornergas.com/diana-frances/ |title=Diana Frances |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref> which won her a 2020 Canadian Screen Award<ref name="CSAwin"/> nke mere ka o rite ihe nrite Canadian Screen Award nke afọ 2020{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} She has also written for ''[[The Beaverton]]'', ''[[Aunty B's House]]'' and ''[[Still Standing (Canadian TV series)|Still Standing]]''.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}. Frances emepụtala ihe maka ememme Vancouver na Victoria<ref name="CarlsonLaughing"/>, a na-ekwukwa na ọ na-eweta ihe ọchị improvisational na Yukon mgbe ọ kwusiri ike na akụkụ improvisational n'ememme comedy nke Nakai na 2003. Ndị na-ahazi ya na ndị na-ege ntị nwere mmasị nke ukwuu nke na e debara aha Frances maka ihe ngosi zuru oke n'afọ ndị sochirinụ<ref name="WaddellWarm"/> wee mechie emume 2007 na Leave it to Cleavage<ref name="WaddellPoised"/>. N'afọ 2004, Frances dere ihe ngosi CBC Radio banyere ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe mkpaọchị<ref name="ChamberlainPretty"/>. ''O'' dere ma pụta n'ọtụtụ ''ihe omume'' nke The Debaters na Definitely Not the Opera<ref name="CourierWriters"/>, nyere aka na ihe ngosi na-atọ ọchị The Irrelevant Show, ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ''mmekọrịta'' ya na ihe ngosi ya bụ Dating Diana<ref name="MintyCleavage"/>. Frances ka na-aga n'ihu na-edere ''The Debaters'' ihe, nke so zọọ ịgba onye nke mbụ na [[New York Festivals Radio Awards]] nke afọ 2014.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[New York Festivals]]|url=https://radio.newyorkfestivals.com/Winners/WinnerDetailsNew/3bbec9a0-bd04-4401-9dbd-3c4d3fc0d002 |title=Winners Gallery|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=September 2024|nhọpụta ahụ bụ maka ihe ngosi ahụ n'onwe ya, ọ bụghị kpọmkwem maka ntinye o mere, ọ bụkwa naanị nhọpụta ka ọ bụ – ọ dị nnukwu mkpa otu ahụ nke na a ga-etinye ya?}} Frances so RPS rụọ ọrụ na njem abụọ maka ndị agha Canada: njem otu ọnwa na afọ 1997, na-eleta CFS Alert, Bosnia, Egypt, Israel, na CFB Goose Bay<ref name="MapleLocal"/><ref name="InwoodTroupe"/>; na njem ụbọchị itoolu nke Afghanistan na afọ 2003, na-eme na Camp Julien na Kabul<ref name="PedwellSoldiers"/> na Camp Warehouse dị nso<ref name="McCreadieDrafted"/>. N'afọ 2018 na 2019, ya na Elvira Kurt na Friends<ref name="TelegraphJournal" /> and Girls Nite Out<ref name="PostEmotional" /> so na=aga njem ime ngosi. N'afọ 2023, O mere ihe ngosi isii nke ''Leave It to Cleavage'' na Incanto Theatre dị na Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, ya na onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Second City bụ Karen Parker yana onye ọzọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Vancouver TheatreSports bụ Christine Lippa<ref name="Puerto">{{cite web|date=6 March 2023|title=''Leave it to Cleavage'' Brings an All New, All-Female Improv Comedy Show to Incanto March 14 to 31, 2023|website=Out and About Puerto Vallarta|url=https://outandaboutpv.com/leave-it-to-cleavage-brings-an-all-new-all-female-improv-comedy-show-to-incanto-march-14-to-31-2023/}}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=August 2024|Nke a yiri ka ọ bụ maka ihe ngosi isii, ọ dị nnukwu mkpa otu ahụ nke na a ga-etinye ya?}} Frances edeelara ọtụtụ ihe ngosi award ihe, gụnyere 2018 ACTRA Awards na ihe ngosi Toronto, nke Colin Mochrie hiwere<ref name="NewswireActra" /> nakwa ACTRA Awards nke afọ 2019 na 2024 nke Martha Chaves hiwere.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} O deela Banff World Media Festival Rockie Awards ruo afọ iri na otu.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} O dekwaara ndị Just For Laughs Galas n'afọ 2017 ruo 2019.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} Frances edeelara ndị [[Canadian Screen Awards]] n'afọ 2018{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} ana 2019, nke ikpeazụ ahụ o dere mere ka a họpụta ya maka Canadian Screen Award.<ref name="CSAnomination">{{cite web|url=https://www.academy.ca/2020/monica-heisey/ |website=The Canadian Screen Awards |title=Monica Heisey, Aisha Brown, Diana Frances, Zoe Whittall – Nominees, Best Writing, Variety or Sketch Comedy |date=18 February 2020 |access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref>, o deelakwara Directors Guild of Canada Awards (nke onye hiwere ya bụ Arisa Cox),{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} yana Scotiabank Giller Prize.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} Ebe e dere ihe nkiri mbụ nke Frances so mee, [[The Burning Season (2023 film)|''The Burning Season'']], ritere Best Screenplay na ihe omume [[Whistler Film Festival]] yana [[Canadian Film Festival]]<ref name="Donahue2024">{{cite news|first=Anne T.|last=Donahue|title=The Burning Season's heart-wrenching take on infidelity examines the perils of best intentions|date=10 May 2024|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/reviews/article-the-burning-seasons-heart-wrenching-take-on-infidelity-examines-the/#:~:text=Winner%20of%20best%20screenplay%20at,tends%20to%20define%20infidelity%20sagas.|id={{ProQuest|3053032928}} }}</ref> and at the Writers Guild of Canada Awards.<ref name="WGAwin">{{cite web|url=https://www.wgc.ca/awards |title=Awards|publisher=Writer's Guild of Canada |access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref>. Frances bụ onye ọka ikpe na asọmpi telivishọn sketch-comedy Sketch Troop n'akụkụ Harvie na Tim Progosh. Ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe maka akụkụ Vancouver nke njem obodo iri na abụọ nke Literary Death Match. == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == === Ihe ngosi Improv === * ''A'' Twisted Christmas Carol na Rock Paper Scissors<ref name="BirnieScrooge" />, oge 1991 na 2005, 2014 * The X-Mas Files na Vancouver Theatresports, December 1996<ref name="DoruyterImprov" /> * Blankety Blank: Egwú a na-amaghị ama na Rock Paper Scissors, Eprel 2001<ref name="BirnieBelong" />, Ọgọst 2002<ref name="TimesCalendar" /> * Sword Play, Improv Outlet Co-op, August 2004<ref name="BirnieAntics" /> * ''Hapụ ya ka ọ gaa'' Cleavage: The Original Desperate Housewives, ya na Ellie Harvie, Jenụwarị 2005<ref name="HilbornShadbolt" /> Reprises 2007,<ref name="WaddellPoised"/> 2023<ref name="Puerto"/> * ''Canadian Content'', ya na Urban Improv, September 2005<ref name="WassermanFringe" /> === Egwuregwu ndị e dere ede === * ''O yikarịrị ka m ga-abụ onye a ma ama'', July 1997<ref name="ArmstrongDreams"/> * The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged), Jenụwarị 1998, dị ka onye nduzi<ref name="SunShakespeare"/> * ''Nhazi Maka'' Ibi na Rock Paper Scissors, Eprel 2002<ref name="PerryCampagnolo" /> * ''Ndị agha Canada vs. Ndị Na-awakpo Nuklia'' na Canadian Content, Septemba 2006<ref name="ChaiBoothby"/><ref name="BirnieEmpire"/> === Telivishọn === * Slightly Bent TV, 1999, onye edemede / onye na-eme ihe nkiri<ref name="VernonDesperate" /> * Sucker Punch, 2001-2002, onye edemede/onye na-eme ihe nkiri<ref name="BlakeySucker" /><ref name="CarlsonVariations" /> * Sketch Troop, 2002, ọkàikpe<ref name="StrachanNightmare"/> * Point Blank, 2002, onye edemede<ref name="WaddellWarm"/> * ''Comedy Inc'', onye edemede<ref name="CoquitlamCleavage"/> * ''Oge a nwere nkeji iri abụọ na abụọ'', onye edemede<ref name="ChilliwackCleavage"/> * ''[[Corner Gas Animated]]'', 2018–2019, onye edemede{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} * 2018 Canadian Screen Awards, onye edemede{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} * 2019 Canadian Screen Awards, onye edemede{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} * ''Jonathan Van Ness: Kicks'', 2020, onye edemede{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} * ''Anthony Anderson: Awesomesauce'', onye edemede afọ 2020 {{citation needed|date=September 2024}} * ''Overlord & The Underwoods'', 2022, onye ndezi akụkọ {{citation needed|date=September 2024}} * ''Aunty B's House'', 2023, onye edemede {{citation needed|date=September 2024}} === Redio === * ''Ndị'' Debaters, onye edemede / onye na-eme ihe nkiri<ref name="CourierWriters"/> * N'ezie ọ bụghị Opera, onye edemede / onye na-eme ihe nkiri<ref name="CourierWriters"/> * ''Ihe Omume Na-abaghị Mkpa''<ref name="MintyCleavage"/> * ''Mmekọrịta Diana'', onye edemede / onye ọbịa<ref name="MintyCleavage"/> ==Ihe Nkiri O so na Ya == * ''[[The Burning Season (2023 film)|The Burning Season]]'' (2023)<ref name="Donahue2024"/> == Onyinye == * Forty Under 40, Business na Vancouver, 2003<ref name="FortyUnder40" /><ref name="ConnerGhosts"/>. * Onye a họpụtara maka Gemini Award maka edemede kacha mma na mmemme ozi ma ọ bụ usoro, The Hour na George Stroumboulopoulos, 2009<ref name="PlaybackGemini2009n"/> * Onye a họpụtara maka Canadian Comedy Award maka Best Female Improviser, 2001, 2002, 2004,<ref name="CCA2004"/> 2005, 2006,<ref name="CCA2006"/> 2007,<ref name="CCA2007"/> 2008 and 2015<ref name="Sumi2015n"/> * Onye a họpụtara na Canadian Comedy Award maka Best Improv Group, Leave It To Cleavage, 2004<ref name="ChilliwackCleavage"/> * Ndị edemede Guild of Canada Screenwriting Awards, Sondra Kelly Award maka Given Up, 2017<ref name="YeoScreenwriting"/> * Onye a họpụtara maka Canadian Screen Awards maka ịkacha ede, ide ụdị dị iche iche, maọbụ Sketch Comedy, 2020<ref name="CSAnomination"/> * Canadian Screen Award for Best Writing, Animation for ''[[Corner Gas Animated]]'' episode "Hedge Your Debts"<ref name="CSAwin">{{cite web|publisher=[[Canadian Screen Awards]]|url=https://www.academy.ca/2020/diana-frances/ |title=Diana Frances: Winner, Best Writing, Animation|date=18 February 2020 |access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref> * [[Writers Guild of Canada|Writers Guild of Canada Award]], Best Screenplay, ''The Burning Season'', 2024<ref name="WGAwin"/> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="MapleLocal">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Local comic seeing the world with humour |date=27 June 2008 |page=24 |work=Maple Ridge, Pitt Meadows Times |location=[[Maple Ridge, British Columbia]] |issn=1202-9408 |publisher=[[Postmedia Network|Southam Publications]] |id={{ProQuest|357832602}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="PlaybackRockie">{{cite web |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Rockie Awards {{!}} Judges |date=2019 |work=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=Brunico Communications |url=https://rockies.playbackonline.ca/Juries/Judges/2019/ |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> <ref name="DownImprov">{{cite news |first=Susan |last=Down |title=Actors flex improv muscles: Blankety Blank is a dream job for actors who can't remember their lines. They only have to remember to keep the audience laughing |date=8 August 2002 |page=D6 |work=[[Times Colonist]] |location=Victoria, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|345887431}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="ConnerGhosts">{{cite news |first=Shawn |last=Conner |title=Ghosts of improv's past deliver Dickens with a twist |date=4 December 2005 |page=39 |work=[[Vancouver Courier]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|359320744}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="YoungAudience">{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Leiren-Young |title=Audience the author of Christmas Carol twists; Arts Club lets the public decide on details of Scrooge's life |date=27 November 2014 |page=C15 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|1628624873}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="FortyUnder40">{{cite web |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Business in Vancouver's Forty under 40 winners |page=15 |work=[[Business in Vancouver]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |url=https://issuu.com/bivmediagroup/docs/forty_under_40_winners_1990-2011 |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624084526/http://issuu.com/bivmediagroup/docs/forty_under_40_winners_1990-2011 |archive-date=24 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="CarlsonLaughing">{{cite news |first1=Tim |last1=Carlson |first2=Anne |last2=McIntyre |title=Laughing live: Comedy nights at local bars and cafes provide an opportunity to see amateurs and veterans work out new material |date=4 February 1999 |page=C16 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242832325}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="WassermanFringe">{{cite news |first=Jerry |last=Wasserman |title=Fringe Today |date=13 September 2005 |page=B2 |work=[[The Province]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|269415931}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="CourierAhead">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Seven days ahead |date=9 July 2003 |page=35 |work=[[Vancouver Courier]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|359542267}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="ChaiBoothby">{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Chai |title=Busy Boothby prepares for Fringe and comedy festival |date=8 September 2006 |page=35 |work=[[Vancouver Courier]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|359364257}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="ArmstrongDreams">{{cite news |first=John |last=Armstrong |title=Two dreams face same reality |date=15 July 1997 |page=B7 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242948639}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="SunShakespeare">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Cafe Culture |date=5 January 1998 |page=B7 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242911184}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="BirnieShakespeare">{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Birnie |title=The complete works of Shakespeare - in two acts: Vancouver's RPS Productions attempts to squeeze all of the Bard's plays into one giddy two-hour evening. |date=8 January 1998 |page=C1 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242897545}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="BirnieBelong">{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Birnie |title=Well Hello, Ruthie Nichol! It's so nice to have you back where you belong |date=12 April 2001 |page=C4 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242611663}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="PerryCampagnolo">{{cite news |first=Malcolm |last=Perry |title=Campagnolo, Taylor give Jansson his due: Board of Trade suits assemble to fete one of their own |date=7 March 2002 |page=B3 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242492120}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="HilbornShadbolt">{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Hilborn |title=Cats and dogs at Shadbolt |date=12 January 2005 |page=11 |work=[[Burnaby Now]] |location=Burnaby, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|358614936}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="VernonStyle">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Solving today's problems,'50s style |date=19 October 2005 |page=25 |work=[[The Morning Star (British Columbia newspaper)|The Morning Star]] |location=Vernon, British Columbia |publisher=Torstar Media Group |id={{ProQuest|373062399}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="ChilliwackCleavage">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Fresh, funny and fast; Leave it to Cleavage riffs on the virtues of the good ol' days |date=27 September 2012 |page=A31 |work=Chilliwack Times |location=Shilliwack, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|1081218410}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="WaddellPoised">{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Waddell |title=Nakai poised to serve up some mirth |date=30 November 2006 |page=4 |work=[[Whitehorse Star]] |location=Whitehorse, Yukon |id={{ProQuest|362364376}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="BlakeySucker">{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Blakey |title=Worth Watching |date=3 February 2001 |page=G14 |work=[[Calgary Herald]] |location=Calgary, Alberta |id={{ProQuest|244845553}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="CarlsonVariations">{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Carlson |title=Variations on a screen: Whether to explore pop culture myths, improvise music or just go for laughs, three different groups are inventing new soundtracks for old films at Blinding Light Cinema. |date=28 February 2002 |page=D14 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242526195}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="VernonDesperate">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title= Move over, it's the original desperate housewives |date=12 October 2005 |page=25 |work=[[The Morning Star (British Columbia newspaper)|The Morning Star]] |location=Vernon, British Columbia |publisher=Torstar Media Group |id= {{ProQuest|372995216}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="EdwardsWillis">{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Edwards |title=Schwarzenegger and Willis in the wings |date=9 August 1999 |work=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=Brunico Communications |url=http://playbackonline.ca/1999/08/09/26350-19990809/ |access-date=1 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907161944/http://playbackonline.ca/1999/08/09/26350-19990809/ |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="EdwardsRetooled">{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Edwards |title=Comedy Network shows retooled for year-two runs |date=2 October 2000 |work=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=Brunico Communications |url=http://playbackonline.ca/2000/10/02/30033-20001002/ |access-date=1 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907154137/http://playbackonline.ca/2000/10/02/30033-20001002/ |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="WaddellWarm">{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Waddell |title=Festival's yuk-yuks to warm up January |date=4 December 2003 |page=4 |work=[[Whitehorse Star]] |location=Whitehorse, Yukon |id={{ProQuest|362237597}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="CoquitlamCleavage">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Leave it to Cleavage at Evergreen Oct. 29 |date=21 October 2005 |page=26 |work=[[Coquitlam Now]] |location=Coquitlam, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|358484716}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="PlaybackGemini2009n">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Gemini Nominees: Craft Categories |date=12 October 2009 |page=24 |work=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=Brunico Communications |url=http://playbackonline.ca/2009/10/12/craft-20091012/ |access-date=1 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907175451/http://playbackonline.ca/2009/10/12/craft-20091012/ |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="ChamberlainPretty">{{cite news |first=Adrian |last=Chamberlain |title=Comedy isn't pretty, but it's funny |date=2 December 2004 |page=D4 |work=[[Times Colonist]] |location=Victoria, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|347980073}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="CourierWriters">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Wily writers do battle in Literary Death Match; War of words waged to attract new audiences to reading events |date=6 October 2010 |page=28 |work=[[Vancouver Courier]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|757032981}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="InwoodTroupe">{{cite news |first=Damian |last=Inwood |title=Improv comedy troupe off to humor troops |date=5 November 1997 |page=D9 |work=[[The Province]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|267599789}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="PedwellSoldiers">{{cite news |first=Terry |last=Pedwell |title=Canadian soldiers treated to racy down-home tour show at base in Afghanistan |date=24 November 2003 |agency=[[The Canadian Press|Canadian Press Newswire]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/ |access-date=1 December 2019 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603081748/https://search.proquest.com/docview |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="McCreadieDrafted">{{cite news |first=Drew |last=McCreadie |title=Drafted into the Afghan improv corps |date=3 January 2004 |page=R10 |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |id={{ProQuest|1368556901}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="TelegraphJournal">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Greater Saint John journal |date=16 January 2018 |page=B2 |work=[[Telegraph-Journal]] |location=Saint John, New Brunswick |id={{ProQuest|1987634937}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="PostEmotional">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Emotional journey awaits at Civic Chorale concert |date=22 April 2019 |work=The Post |location=Burlington, Ontario |publisher=Torstar Syndication Services |id={{ProQuest|2212932756}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="NewswireActra">{{cite press release |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=The 16th Annual ACTRA Awards in Toronto Nominees |date=13 January 2018 |location=Ottawa, Ontario |agency=Canada Newswire |publisher=PR Newswire Association |id={{ProQuest|1987009109}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="StrachanNightmare">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Strachan |title=Hockey Nightmare in Canada: Don and Rex |date=2 October 2002 |page=D8 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242506045}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="BirnieScrooge">{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Birnie |title=Scrooge twisted into season's best Christmas spoof |date=17 December 1998 |page=C21 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242830781}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="DoruyterImprov">{{cite magazine |first=Renee |last=Doruyter |title=Improv troupe makes sport of X-Files |date=1 December 1996 |page=B15 |magazine=[[The Province]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|267570466}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="TimesCalendar">{{cite news |author=<!--staff writers, no by-line--> |title=Go! Calendar |date=1 August 2002 |page=D11 |work=[[Times Colonist]] |location=Victoria, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|345888219}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="BirnieAntics">{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Birnie |title=Antics of improv Musketeers range from clever to puerile |date=13 August 2004 |page=D3 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242325337}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="BirnieEmpire">{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Birnie |title=The fringe of a new Empire |date=9 September 2006 |page=F20 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|242159809}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> <ref name="MintyCleavage">{{cite news |first=Melanie |last=Minty |title='Leave it to Cleavage' comedy comes to Surrey |date=6 November 2014 |page=A34 |work=The Tri-Cities Now |location=Port Moody, British Columbia |id={{ProQuest|1621693441}} }}{{Subscription required|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> -=-=- <ref name="CCA2004">{{cite web |url=https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2004 |title=Nominations & Awards Archives |publisher=Canadian Comedy Awards |author=<!--staff writers; no author credited--> |date=2004 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180802151021/https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2004 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |url-status=dead |accessdate=15 October 2022 |archivedate=10 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110170516/https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2004 }}</ref> <ref name="CCA2006">{{cite web |url=https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2006 |title=Nominations & Awards Archives |publisher=Canadian Comedy Awards |author=<!--staff writers; no author credited--> |date=2006 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180802151327/https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2006 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |url-status=dead |accessdate=15 October 2022 |archivedate=15 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515134424/https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2006 }}</ref> <ref name="CCA2007">{{cite web |url=https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2007 |title=Nominations & Awards Archives |publisher=Canadian Comedy Awards |author=<!--staff writers; no author credited--> |date=2007 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180802152111/https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2007 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |url-status=dead |accessdate=15 October 2022 |archivedate=14 June 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614141457/https://www.canadiancomedyawards.org/archives.php?year=2007 }}</ref> <ref name="Sumi2015n">{{cite web |last=Sumi |first=Glen |url=https://nowtoronto.com/stage/comedy/canadian-comedy-awards-nominees/ |title=2015 Canadian Comedy Awards nominees |work=[[Now (newspaper)|Now Magazine]] |publisher=Now Communications Inc. |location=Toronto |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704123635/https://nowtoronto.com/stage/comedy/canadian-comedy-awards-nominees/ |archive-date=4 July 2019 |url-status=live |accessdate=15 October 2022 |archivedate=4 July 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704123635/https://nowtoronto.com/stage/comedy/canadian-comedy-awards-nominees/ }}</ref> <ref name="YeoScreenwriting">{{cite news |first=Debra |last=Yeo |title=Letterkenny and X Company take Writers Guild of Canada Screenwriting Awards |date=25 April 2017 |work=[[Toronto Star]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2017/04/25/letterkenny-and-x-company-take-writers-guild-of-canada-screenwriting-awards.html |access-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426025347/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2017/04/25/letterkenny-and-x-company-take-writers-guild-of-canada-screenwriting-awards.html |archive-date=26 April 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Frances, Diana}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] 2kx3pz8nyms06kf8v30wnh10mezerst 0 22310 743844 187923 2026-11-07T23:50:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Bontemps_Charles.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Bontemps_Charles.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|236x236px|Charles-Auguste Bontemps]] '''Charles-Auguste Bontemps''' (Febụwarị 9, 1893 Ọktoba 14, 1981) bụ onye France na-eme ngagharị iwe, onye na-eme udo, onye na'iche echiche n'onwe ya na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịdị na onye edemede.<ref name="ephemanar.net"/><ref name="Anarchiste">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014916/http://public.federation-anarchiste.org/IMG/pdf/Cedric_Guerin_Histoire_du_mvt_libertaire_1950_1970.pdf Cédric Guérin. "Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950-1970"]</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Bontemps n'ọnwa Febụwarị 9, afọ 1893, na ngalaba Nièvre nke mba France.<ref name="ephemanar.net"/> O jikọtara aka na mbipụta [[Anarchism|anarchist]] Ce qu'il faut dire nke Sébastien Faure duziri.<ref name="ephemanar.net" /> Mgbe ọ sonyechara na French Communist Party n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe October Revolution na-aga n'ihu, ọ sonyeere otu ndị na-emegide agha "Ligue Internationale des Réfractaires à la guerre". N'oge Agha Obodo Spain ọ sonyeere "Solidarité Internationale Antifasciste". Ọ bụ onye dị mkpa na ntọala nke French Anarchist Federation.<ref name="Anarchiste"/> Bontemps na Maurice Joyeux dere ụkpụrụ ntọala ọhụrụ nke French Anarchist Federation nke guzobere nzukọ nwere ọtụtụ ọchịchọ na nnwere onwe nke otu ndị a haziri gburugburu ụkpụrụ synthesist.<ref name="Anarchiste" /> O sonyekwara na ntọala nke French Anarchist Federation n'afọ 1953.<ref name="ephemanar.net">[http://www.ephemanar.net/fevrier09.html#9 "Charles-Auguste Bontemps" at Ephemeride Anarchiste]</ref> N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1967, Bontemps, n'akụkụ Maurice Joyeux na Guy Bodson na akwụkwọ akụkọ Anarchist Federation ́s Le Monde libertaire, na ndị otu Situationist International gụnyere Guy Debord nwere nkatọ.<ref>[http://www.notbored.org/debord-3January1967.html#_edn2 "To the editorial committee of Le Monde Libertaire"] by [Michele] Bernstein, [[Guy Debord]], [Herbert] Holl, [Mustapha] Khayati, [Donald] Nicholson-Smith</ref><ref>[http://www.notbored.org/joyeux.html "Subversive Remarks Tough Customers!" by Maurice Joyeux]</ref><ref>[http://www.notbored.org/bodson-situationism.html "What is 'Situationism'?" by Guy Bodson]</ref> Ọ bụ onye edemede na-edepụta ihe karịsịa na isiokwu nke ọgba aghara, echiche onwe, nkwado udo na Anarcho-naturism.<ref name="ephemanar.net"/> Echiche ya banyere ọgba aghara dabeere na echiche ya nke "Social Individualism" nke o dere nke ọma. Ọ gbachitere echiche anarchist nke dabeere na "nchịkọta nke ihe na onye ọ bụla nke ndị mmadụ".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://militants-anarchistes.info/spip.php?article7527&lang=fr |title="BONTEMPS Auguste, Charles, Marcel dit « Charles-Auguste » ; « CHAB » ; « MINXIT »" at ''Dictionnaire International des Militants Anarchistes'' |access-date=2020-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044808/http://militants-anarchistes.info/spip.php?article7527 |archive-date=2019-04-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme udo == Ebensidee == * ''Anarchism na ihe dị adị. Mgbalị nke echiche nnwere onwe''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CIRA-L, CP, IFHS, IIHS] [PDF 520 Ko] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Akwụkwọ ozi dị na peeji nke 14] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Akwụkwọ ozi dị na peeji nke 15] * Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka e dere ihe ndị a na-akpọ Les Editions de l'âme française, Paris, 1946, 12 p. [CCFR] * Ba-ta-clan : akụkọ afọ anọ n'ime obere foto iri nke Epinal, ihe osise na-abụghị ederede nke Germain Delatousche, Les Cahiers critiques et satiriques, n° 1 [enweghị mbipụta ndị ọzọ anyị maara], Paris, 1923, n.p. [56] [CCFR, CIRA-L, CIRA -M, CP, IFHS, IIHS] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Nkwenye'' na Chineke [aCCFR] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CIRA-M, CP, IFHS, IIHS] [PDF 296 Ko] * Destins (poèmes), ihe osise nke Aline Aurouet, mbipụta. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CIRA-M, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Nzukọ abụọ'' : Polyandrie na ịgba akwụna; L'Esprit libertaire, Contre-Courant n° 18, Paris, 1955, 46-XII p. [aCCFR, IFHS] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA] * Site n'anyanwụ n'okporo ụzọ, uri satiric, Les Cahiers critiques et satiriques, Paris, 1924, 73 p. [CCFR] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [aCCFR, CDA, IIHS]; reéd. [aCCFR, CP] Áa gr. [Akwụkwọ ozi dị na peeji nke 20] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CIRA-M, CP, IFHS, IIHS] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Ihe na-eme n'okpuru ọdịmma onwe onye nke ọha na eze. Echiche na nkọwa''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CP, IFHS] * L'Homme devant l'Église, ise conférences controversiées sur l'Élise et l'évolution, Les Cahiers francs, Paris, 1931, 212 p. [CCFR, CDA, CIRA-L, CIRA -M, CP, IFHS, IIHS] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CP, IFHS, IIHS] [PDF 500 Ko] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CIRA-L, IFHS, IIHS] [PDF 364 Ko] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CIRA-M, CP, IFHS, IIHS] [IFHS na-egosi mbipụta ọzọ : Lib. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA] * ''Ịhụnanya n'otu n'otu. Nchịkọta na nkọwa''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, IFHS, IIHS] [PDF 284 Ko]; reéd. gr. [Akwụkwọ ozi dị na peeji nke 15] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CIRA-M, IFHS, IIHS] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CP] * Marginales [Sixante-cinq ans de poésie], illust. nke Aline Aurouet, introd. (posthume) nke Henry de Madaillan, Les Cahiers francs, Paris, 1979, 316 p. [CCFR, CP] * ''Mirror nke ndị ikom Ihe edeturu n'ụzọ dị iche iche site n'echiche nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya''[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, CP, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Nudisme'' (n'ihi gịnị, otu esi eme), postf. nke M.K. de Mongeot, 28 foto, mbipụta nke Vivre, Coll. de la Libre Culture, 1930, 188 p. [CCFR, CP, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Octogenèses'' (na) Florales (poesies), illust. nke Aline Aurouet, Les Cahiers francs, Paris, 1977, 82 p. [CCFR, CP] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, IIHS] * Paganes (poèmes), illust. nke Aline Aurouet, egwu nke Germaine Bontemps, mbipụta. [aCCFR, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Ọ̀ bụ na mmadụ ka nwere ike ikwere na ọganihu? Arụmụka''[Akwụkwọ Nsọ, peeji nke 1] * Polyandria na ịgba akwụna [aCCFR] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CDA, IIHS] * ''Ndị Ohu nke Vatican Chọọchị megide ndị mmadụ.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CP] * Synthèse d'un anarchisme évolutif, Paris, 1952, 5 p. [aCCFR, IFHS, IIHS] * ''Obi gị na anụ ahụ gị. Ịhụnanya na alụmdi na nwunye kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ'', ihe osise nke Germain Delat [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [CCFR, CP, IIHS]<ref>[http://anarlivres.free.fr/pages/biblio/complements/bontemps.html Charles-Auguste Bontemps]</ref> == Hụkwa == * André Arru {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * L'Esprit Libertaire [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miua.2917097.0001.001 nke Charles-Auguste Bontemps] digital online version na French * Synthese d'un Anarchisme Evolutif [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miua.2917096.0001.001 nke Charles-Auguste Bontemps] digital online version na French * [http://190969.revolublog.com/eloge-de-l-egoisme-par-charles-auguste-bontemps-a2814485 ELOGE DE L'EGOÏSME nke Charles-Auguste Bontemps dere] na French * "Un critérium libertaire de la révolution" nke Charles-Auguste Bontemps dere na French * "Le progrès dans la révolution" nke Charles-Auguste Bontemps dere na French {{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Anarchism]] prv8gigun6b3uuqzy2b0pqul8ad7pej 0 22511 743843 720625 2026-11-07T23:43:15Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|office=[[First Lady of Tunisia]]|termstart=31 December 2014|termend=25 July 2019|predecessor=[[:fr:Béatrix Marzouki|Béatrix Marzouki]]|successor=[[:fr:Siren Ennaceur|Siren Ennaceur]]|president=[[Beji Caid Essebsi]]|party=}} [[Usòrò:Chadlia Caid Essebsi.jpg|thumb|'''Chadlia Saïda Farhat Essebsi''']] '''Chadlia Saïda Farhat Essebsi''' (Arabic; 1 August 1936 意 15 September 2019) bụ nwanyị mbụ nke Tunisia (2014 意 2019) dị ka nwunye onye isi ala Beji Caid Essebsi.<ref name="baya">{{Cite news|title=Les premières déclarations de la Première Dame de Tunisie, Chadlia Saïda Caïd Essebsi|url=https://www.baya.tn/rubriques/society/societe/les-premieres-declarations-de-la-premiere-dame-de-tunisie-chadlia-saida-caid-essebsi/|work=Baya.tn|date=2015-01-08|accessdate=2019-03-23}}</ref><ref name="kapitalis">{{Cite news|title=Saïda Chelbia Farhat, la nouvelle première dame de Tunisie|url=http://www.kapitalis.com/politique/26720-saida-chelbia-farhat-la-nouvelle-premiere-dame-de-tunisie.html|work=Kapitalis|date=2015-01-04|accessdate=2019-03-23}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nke ise nke Tunisia, yana nke abụọ na-esote mgbanwe Tunisia.<ref name="baya" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Farhat n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1936.<ref name="baya" /> Ọ lụrụ Beji Caid Essebsi, onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị afọ iri karịa ya, na 8 Febụwarị 1958.<ref name="leaders">{{Cite news|title=Annuaire des Personnalités: Béji Caïd Essebsi|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/annuaire-personnalite/beji-caid-essebsi|work=Leaders.com.tn|date=2015-09-19|accessdate=2019-03-23}}</ref> Di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ ụmụ anọ: ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Amel na Salwa, na ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Mohamed Hafedh na Khélil.<ref name="baya" /> Farhat Essebsi ghọrọ First Lady nke Tunisia na 31 Disemba 2014 mgbe a na-ewepụta di ya dị ka onye isi ala. A kọrọ na echiche na-akpụ akpụ na Carthage Palace, Obí Onye isi ala, enweghị mmasị n'echiche nke ịkwagala n'ụlọ ya.<ref name="baya" /> Dị ka nwanyị mbụ, ọ na-ewere ọkwa dị elu, ma n'ihu ọha ma n'azụ ihe nkiri, karịa onye bu ya ụzọ, nwanyị mbụ: Beatrix Marzouki.<ref name="kapitalis" /><ref name="jt">{{Cite news|title=Queen Rania meets with Tunisian first lady, attends roundtable discussion|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/queen-rania-meets-tunisian-first-lady-attends-roundtable-discussion|work=[[Jordan Times]]|date=2019-02-03|accessdate=2019-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205194308/http://jordantimes.com/news/local/queen-rania-meets-tunisian-first-lady-attends-roundtable-discussion|archive-date=2019-02-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aintell">{{Cite news|title=Did First lady take Ridha Belhaj's scalp?|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/mce/corridors-of-power/2016/02/04/did-first-lady-take-ridha-belhaj-s-scalp,108128662-art|work=Africa Intelligence|date=2016-02-04|accessdate=2019-03-23}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Farhat Essebsi nwụrụ site na nkụchi obi na 15 Septemba 2019, mgbe ọ dị afọ 83, ihe na erughị ọnwa abụọ mgbe di ya nwụ sịrị na n'otu ụbọchị ahụ dị ka ntuli aka mba iji chọpụta onye ga anọ chi onye isi ala Essebsi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/15/c_138393300.htm|title=Former Tunisian president's widow dies|work=Xinhua|date=15 September 2019|archive-date=22 September 2019|access-date=16 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922183024/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/15/c_138393300.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebenside == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-hon}} {{S-bef|before=[[:fr:Béatrix Marzouki|Béatrix Marzouki]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[First Lady of Tunisia]]|years=2014–2019}} {{S-aft|after=[[:fr:Siren Ennaceur|Siren Ennaceur]]}} {{S-end}} k3uz27pu9uurdizsgapucanxfiljo6u 0 23106 743839 495924 2026-11-07T22:20:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Buyelwa''' Patience Sonjica (Amụrụ n'ụbọchị 23 Machị 1950) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[South Africa]] onye jere ozi dị ka Minista nke Mmiri na Mmekọrịta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi site n'ọnwa Mee 2009 ruo ọnwa Nọvemba 2010.<ref name="gcis">{{Cite web|title=Buyelwa Patience Sonjica, Ms|url=http://www.info.gov.za/gol/gcis_profile.jsp?id=2524|accessdate=2009-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030233430/http://www.info.gov.za/gol/gcis_profile.jsp?id=2524|archivedate=30 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="za2009-05-10"/> Sonjica nwetara nzere na Mahadum Vista na Mahadim Rhodes.<ref name="gcis" /> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka nọọsụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na onye nkuzi.<ref name="gcis" /> N'afọ 1976, ọ sonyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ akwụkwọ na East London. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike megide ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na UDF na SADTU mgbe African National Congress megidere iwu na South Africa. Mgbe a nabatara ANC ọzọ, ọ malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike maka ya na Port Elizabeth. Kemgbe ntuli aka nke afọ 1994, Sonjica bụ onye otu ndị omeiwu South Africa. Ọ bụ osote minista na Ngalaba nka na ọdịbendị. N'afọ 2004, a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri na Ọhịa, n'afọ 2006 dị ka Minera na-ahụ maka Minerals na Energy, na n'afọ 2009 dị ka Minna na-ahụ Maka Mpaghara Mmiri na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi.<ref name="gcis" /><ref name="za2009-05-10">{{Cite web|title=Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet|url=http://www.info.gov.za/events/2009/new_cabinet.htm|publisher=South African Government Information|date=10 May 2009|accessdate=2009-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513025048/http://www.info.gov.za/events/2009/new_cabinet.htm|archive-date=2009-05-13|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.info.gov.za/events/2009/new_cabinet.htm "Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet"]. South African Government Information. 10 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebemsidee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2nb8hugtptrtqzrg2roo5ljygbu0ula 0 23159 743880 620844 2026-11-08T10:29:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nwanye nke mbụ nke Naijiria''' ọbughi, maa anabata echichi ahụ, bu nke nwunya [[President of Nigeria|onye isi ala nke Naijiria]] [[:en:First Lady|Nwanyi mbu]] ugbuo bu [[Oluremi Tinubu]] bu onye ji echicha malite na aro May iri abụo na iteghete nke 2023.<ref name="allafrica">{{cite news|first=Nseobong|last=Okon-Ekong|title=Nigeria: First Ladies - Colourful Brilliance, Gaudy Rays|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201010040212.html|work=[[Thisday]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|date=2010-10-02|access-date=2012-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423151021/http://allafrica.com/stories/201010040212.html|archive-date=2012-04-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[:en:Constitution of Nigeria|iwu nke Naijiria]] enweghị̀ ụlọ ọrụ maka nwunye onye isi ala<ref name="allafrica"/> Otuosinadi, ego na ndi madu bu ndi ewetara nwunye onye ịsị Naijiria malite na oge nwere onye.<ref name="allafrica" /> Ana akpọ nwanyị mbụ site na aha nke idimma ya .<ref name="allafrica" /> ==Ụmụnwaanyị mbụ nke Naijiria== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! No. ! Foto ! Aha ! Okwu mmalite ! Okwu na-agwụ ! Onyeisi |- !1 | | [[Flora Azikiwe]] (1917–1983)<ref name=allafrica/> | 1 October 1963 | 16 January 1966 | [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] |- !2 | | [[Victoria Aguiyi-Ironsi]] (1923–2021)<ref name=allafrica/> | 16 January 1966 | 29 July 1966 | [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] |- !3 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Victoria Gowon]] (1946–)<ref name=allafrica/> | 1 August 1966 | 29 July 1975 | [[Yakubu Gowon]] |- !4 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Ajoke Muhammed]]<ref name=allafrica/> | 29 July 1975 | 13 February 1976 | [[Murtala Mohammed]] |- !5 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Oluremi Obasanjo|Esther Oluremi Obasanjo]]<ref name=allafrica/> (1941–) | 13 February 1976 | 1 October 1979 | [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] |- !6 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Hadiza Shagari]]<ref name=pn>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Former Nigerian First Lady dies of COVID-19 in Abuja |url=https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/ |work=[[Politics Nigeria]] |date=2021-08-12 |access-date=2021-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170811/https://politicsnigeria.com/hadiza-shagari-is-dead/ |archive-date=2021-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (1940/1941–2021) | 1 October 1979 | 31 December 1983 | [[Shehu Shagari]] |- !7 | | [[Safinatu Buhari]] (1952–2006)<ref name=allafrica/> | 31 December 1983 | 27 August 1985 | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] |- !8 | | [[Maryam Babangida]] (1948–2009)<ref name=allafrica/> | 27 August 1985 | 26 August 1993 | [[Ibrahim Babangida]] |- !9 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Margaret Shonekan]] (1941–)<ref name=allafrica/> | 26 August 1993 | 17 November 1993 | [[Ernest Shonekan]] |- !10 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Maryam Abacha]] (1949–)<ref name=allafrica/> | 17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 | [[Sani Abacha]] |- !11 | [[File:No_image_(female).svg|100px]] | [[Fati Lami Abubakar]] (1951–) | 8 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 | [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] |- !12 | | [[Stella Obasanjo]] (1945–2005) | 29 May 1999 | 23 October 2005 (''Died in office'')<ref name=allafrica/> | rowspan="2" | [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] |- |colspan="6"|''Vacant'' |- !13 | [[File:Turai Yar'Adua.jpg|100px]] | [[Turai Yar'Adua]] (1957–)<ref name=allafrica/> | 29 May 2007 | 5 May 2010 | [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] |- !14 | [[File:Patience Jonathan.jpg|100px]] | [[Patience Jonathan]] (1957–) | 6 May 2010 | 29 May 2015 | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] |- !15 | [[File:The First Lady of Nigeria Her Excellency Aisha Buhari.jpg|100px]] | [[Aisha Buhari]] (1971–) | 29 May 2015 | 29 May 2023 | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] |- !16 | [[File:Her Excellency Remi.jpg|100px]] | [[Oluremi Tinubu]] (1960–) | 29 May 2023 | Present | [[Bola Tinubu]] |} ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} rf1jq220pa6mdezxm3b3lrkztcczll5 0 25557 743868 727632 2026-11-08T06:17:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743868 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebe nchekwa data toxicological bụ nnukwu nchịkọta data sitere na ọmụmụ ihe nsi mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-achịkọta data site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ onye ọ bụla bụ nke ekpebiela mmetụta nsị n'ahụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na mmiri na terrestrial maka kemịkalụ dị iche iche. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, ndị na-ahụ Maka kemịkal, ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji nchekwa data ndị a eme ihe iji nyochaa ma buru amụma na o yikarịrị ka kemịkal ma ọ bụ kemịkal na-adịghị eme ihe ga-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ (ya bụ nsị) na ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya. A chịkọtara ọtụtụ nchekwa data dị otú ahụ na-emetụta kpọmkwem toxicology mmiri. == Uru ọ bara == Ebe nchekwa data ndị a bụ ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ọhịa nke toxicology mmiri n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka kemịkal ga-akpata nsị dịgasị iche iche gafee ọtụtụ ihe na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a bụ n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe dị ndụ dabere na njupụta nke ihe ahụ na anụ ahụ a na-achọ nke ihe ahụ, njirimara physicochemical nke kemịkal ahụ na oge nke ikpughe kemịkal.<ref name="Rand">{{Cite book|author=Rand|first=Gary M.|title=Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: effects, environmental fate and risk assessment|date=1995|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781560320906|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTHWicichfoC&dq=rand+toxicology+&pg=PR15|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref> Ngwa ndị nwere ike ibu amụma nsi nke kemịkalụ kpọmkwem nye ihe dị iche iche ma ọ bụ otu ihe dị ndụ dị mkpa nye ndị na-achịkwa na ndị nyocha na ngalaba nke toxicology. == Ebe nchekwa data dịnụ == Na toxicology mmiri, ọtụtụ ọdụ data dị na nke ọ bụla na-emetụta otu akụkụ nke toxicology mmiri dị ka PCBs. ihe fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nsị sediment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/pcbres.html|title=PCBRes (PCB Residue Effects) - Research - US EPA|work=archive.epa.gov|access-date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326212605/https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/pcbres.html|archive-date=2023-03-26|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SEDAG">{{Cite web|author=Bay|first=Steven|title=Spiked Sediment Database|url=http://data.sccwrp.org/sedag/|work=Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Sediment Advisory Group|accessdate=18 May 2016|archivedate=23 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623211811/http://data.sccwrp.org/sedag/}}</ref> Ihe ọmụma na nchịkwa nchekwa data ndị ọzọ na toxicology n'ozuzu ya bụ US EPA, USGS, United States Army Corps of Engineers na National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration na-elekọta. Na US, e nwere nnukwu nchekwa data atọ metụtara kpọmkwem toxicology ''mmiri'': Toxicity / Residue Database, Environmental Residue Effects Database na nchekwa data ECOTOX. === Ebe nchekwa data nke nsị === The Toxicity/Residue Database bụ nke US EPA na-elekọta ma bụrụ nchekwa data maka amụma nke nsị nke kemịkal na kemịkalụ na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ọfịs EPA Duluth mepụtara nchekwa data a wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na 1999.<ref name="ToxRes">{{Cite web|author=Elonen|first=Colleen|title=Toxicity Residue Research|url=https://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/tox_residue.html|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|access-date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524113156/http://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/tox_residue.html|archive-date=2023-05-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> A na-enweta data ahụ site na ihe karịrị 500 ndị ọgbọ nyochara ma bụrụ nchịkọta nke nchọpụta ha na ihe dịka 200 kemịkal na ụdị 190 ma mmiri mmiri na mmiri dị ọcha. A na-atụle data gbasara njedebe ma ọ bụ mmetụta nke mmeghachi omume nke ihe dị ndụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkal n'ime anụ ahụ nke ihe nyocha ahụ n'oge ahụ nke mmetụta dị ka ọnwụ, ịda mbà n'obi, ma ọ bụ mmụba iku ume na-eme. Enwere ike jụọ ihe karịrị mmetụta puku atọ site na obere mpempe ngwanrọ ebudatara iji kpokọta data mmetụta nlanarị, uto ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ njedebe.. === Ebe nchekwa data nke mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi === The Environmental Residue Effects Database (ERED) bụ nchekwa data nke US Army Corps of Engineers na-elekọta nke na-ejikọta data gbasara mkpokọta nke ihe na-egbu egbu na anụ ahụ (site na ihe fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ) na mmetụta njedebe dị ka ọnwụ, uto, ma ọ bụ nzaghachi nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal. Data nzaghachi na-agụnye mmetụta dị ala achọpụta (LOED) na enweghị mmetụta achọpụta (NOED). Ihe nchekwa data a sitere na 2329 ndị ọgbọ nyochara banyere kemịkal 413. Ihe nchekwa data ahụ na-ekpuchi akwụkwọ site na 1964 ruo ugbu a ma gụnyere ihe karịrị 15,000 ndekọ. A na-emelite nchekwa data a na 300 ma ọ bụ karịa ndekọ kwa afọ na nkezi. Ihe nchekwa data ERED bụ kpọmkwem maka nsị sediment na mmetụta nke mmetọ na ihe ndị a gwọrọ na mmiri dị ọcha. Ebumnuche ya bụ iji ya mee ihe n'ịtụle ikike maka mmetọ nke ihe ndị a gwupụtara iji nwee mmetụta ọjọọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri.<ref name="Dredg">{{Cite journal|author=Bridges|first=Todd|title=Interpreting Bioaccumulation Data with the Environmental Residue-Effects Database|journal=Technical Notes Collection|date=1999|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA362932|accessdate=18 May 2016|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515133227/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a362932.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na e mere nchekwa data ERED ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ maka Army Corps of Engineers iji jikwaa mmetụta ọjọọ nke ịdọrọ mmiri, ọ na-adabara n'ọtụtụ ebe na nyocha na njikwa nsị nsị. === Ebe nchekwa data ECOTOX === A na-ewere ECOTOX dị ka ihe zuru oke n'ihi na ọ na-enwe nsonaazụ site na nyocha nsị nke otu kemịkal na osisi na anụmanụ ndị dị n'ime mmiri na nke ala. Enwere ike ịchọta data na mmiri dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri. ECOTOX na-anakọta data sitere na nchekwa data nke EPA guzobere na mbụ AQUIRE, TERRATOX, na PHYTOX nke na-enye n'otu n'otu ụdị mmiri, ụdị ala na data osisi. A na-anakọta nnukwu data sitere na akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara mana ụfọdụ data sitere na akwụkwọ isi awọ. Iji ọrụ ajụjụ ajụjụ data ngwa ngwa na-enyere ọchụchọ aka site na kemikal, aha taxonomic, mmetụta, na afọ mbipụta. A na-eji data sitere na ECOTOX iji nye usoro ntụaka maka ọmụmụ ihe nsi dị ugbu a ma na-eje ozi dị ka ụkpụrụ nduzi.. ==== ECOTOX isi iyi data nyochaa ==== A na-edobe data sitere na ọmụmụ ihe nsi nke etinyere na nchekwa data ECOTOX na nyocha na njirisi mmesi obi ike nke EPA na Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) mepụtara. Iji mee ka EPA na OPP nabata nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ, nyocha nsị ahụ ga-agbaso ma ọ bụ nwee ihe ndị a:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature|url=https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/evaluation-guidelines-ecological-toxicity-data-open#_2|work=United States Environmental Protection Agency|publisher=EPA|accessdate=24 May 2016}}</ref> * * Mmetụta na-egbu egbu nwere njikọ na otu kemịkal. * * Mmetụta na-egbu egbu dị na mmiri ma ọ bụ ala ma ọ bụ ụdị anụmanụ. * * Enwere mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe niile dị ndụ; * * A na-akọ akụkọ na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi / ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ọnụego itinye n'ọrụ; na * * E nwere oge doro anya nke ikpughe. * Na mgbakwunye na njirisi ndị edepụtara n'elu, njirisi ndị a, nke a tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mgbakwunye I, na-etinye OPP dị ka ihuenyo ọzọ nke nnabata: * * A na-akọ ozi toxicology maka kemịkal na-echegbu OPP; * * A na-ebipụta isiokwu ahụ n'asụsụ Bekee; * * A na-egosi ọmụmụ ihe ahụ dị ka isiokwu zuru ezu; * * Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nwere; * * Akwụkwọ bụ isi iyi nke data * * A na-akọ akụkọ njedebe a gbakọrọ; * * A na-eji ọgwụgwọ (n'ụzọ ziri ezi) tụnyere njikwa a na-anabata; * * A na-akọ ebe ọmụmụ ihe ahụ dị (dịka, ụlọ nyocha vs. ubi); na * * A na-akọ ma nyochaa ụdị ahụ a nwalere. == Ngwa iwu == Na United States, ECOTOX, ERED (sediment) na Toxicity Residue Databases na-eji ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na'ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na EPA iji chọpụta ọkwa na-achịkọta ihe na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'okpuru Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha, EPA ejirila nchekwa data ECOTOX n'etiti ozi ndị ọzọ setịpụ ụkpụrụ nke mmiri na-egbu egbu maka ụlọ ọrụ yana ụkpụrụ mmiri dị mma maka mmetọ niile dị na mmiri dị n'elu. N'okpuru CWA, steeti ọ bụla ga-achịkwa ụkpụrụ mmiri dị mma na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ nke EPA setịpụrụ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị achịkwa oke nsị na-egbu egbu n'otu ụzọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chapman|first=PM|title=Current approaches to developing sediment quality criteria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-toxicology-and-chemistry_1989_8_7/page/589|journal=Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry|date=1989|volume=8|issue=7|pages=589–599|doi=10.1002/etc.5620080706}}</ref> Mkpebi nke njirisi ịdịmma sedimenti na nnwale toxicity sedimenti dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu ma steeti ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi steeti na-ahazikarị ya. Ntụle nsi nke sedimenti nke sedimenti emetọọ bụ kpọmkwem ebe a kapịrị ọnụ yana ọkwa mmetụta na-egbu egbu na-agbanwekarị karịa nke mmiri dị n'elu. N'ihi nke a, ọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ịmepụta ụkpụrụ ntinye nke sedimenti dị mma nke na-emetụta sistemu mmiri ma ọ bụ mpaghara niile.<ref name="Rand"/> E mepụtara ihe ndị a na-anabata ma ọ bụ ntuziaka dị mma ma jiri ya mee ihe na nyocha ihe ize ndụ na njikwa ihe ndị a gwuru. "Ntụziaka dị mma nke ala (SQGs), dị ka akọwapụtara n'afọ 2002 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop, bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkalụ e bu n'uche ka ọ bụrụ ma ọ bụ na-echebe ihe onwunwe, ma ọ bụ buru amụma nke mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe onwunwa ndị ahụ, ma ọ bụghị ha abụọ. SQGs maka ịtụle ogo sediment metụtara ikike maka mmetụta ọjọọ na ihe ndị bi na sediment emeela site na iji usoro usoro na usoro.<ref>[https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.setac.org/resource/resmgr/publications_and_resources/sqgsummary.pdf "Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments"], Executive Summary Booklet of a SETAC Pellston Workshop, SETAC, 2002.</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230524113156/http://archive.epa.gov/med/med_archive_03/web/html/tox_residue.html Ebe nchekwa data Toxicity/Residue] * [https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/databases-related-pesticide-risk-assessment Ebe nchekwa data EPA] * [http://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/#fq=dataType%3A%28collection%20OR%20non-collection%20OR%20supercollection%29&q=*%3A* Ebe nchekwa data USGS] * [http://water.usace.army.mil/a2w/f?p=100:1:4352281701119::::: United States Army Corps of Engineers nchekwa data] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209194247/http://nodc.noaa.gov/ Ihe nchekwa data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] * [https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-contacts Ọfịs nke mmemme ọgwụ ahụhụ] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nluxuzw5vu5xabskz680un2u6yarfq0 0 29429 743869 727634 2026-11-08T06:20:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743869 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebe obibi ntụrụndụ ma ọ bụ "Forest Service Cabins" bụ '''ebe obibi''' onwe onye nke Iwu Ikike obibi nke 1915 mere ka ọ dị nala nke mesịrị ghọọ US Forest Service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.fed.us/eng/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf14232815/pdf14232815Pdpi100.pdf|title=A Guide to Maintaining the Historic Character of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence|publisher=USFS|date=2014}}</ref> Ihe omume ntụrụndụ naenye ọha na eze ikike iwu ụlọ ntụrụndaka nokpuru usoro ikike dị iche iche. Ka ọ naerule nafọ 2014, e nwere ihe karịrị 14,000 Recreational Residences na ala Forest Service na ndị nwe ebe obibi ndị a naanọchite anya otu National Forest Homeowners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalforesthomeowners.org/page/Cabin_Program|publisher=National Forest Homeowners|title=The Cabin Program}}</ref> A naeji ụlọ ntụrụndụ eme ihe nụzọ naezighị ezi mgbe ụfọdụ ma bụrụkwa isi iyi nke esemokwu, mana emegharịrị mmemme ahụ site na ntinye nke 2014 Cabin Fee Act (CFA) dị ka akụkụ nke 2015 National Defense Authorization Act.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/eclawq28&i=1003|title=Location, Location, Location: Forest Service Administration of the Recreation Residence Program|first=Dan|author=Gildor|year=2002|journal=Ecology Law Quarterly|volume=28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd491187.pdf|publisher=USFS|title=Cabin Fee Act FAQ|access-date=2023-08-18|archive-date=2024-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130204807/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd491187.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:16%20section:6214%20edition:prelim)%20OR%20(granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6214)&f=treesort&edition=prelim&num=0&jumpTo=true#codification-note|title=Cabin Fee Act|publisher=US Congress|access-date=2023-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818144531/https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:16%20section:6214%20edition:prelim)%20OR%20(granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6214)&f=treesort&edition=prelim&num=0&jumpTo=true#codification-note|archive-date=2023-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Recreational_residence_tract.png|thumb|Ebe obibi ntụrụndụ dị nso na Lake Tahoe, California]] == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 4bvbiusvzwdnmi0l2ui8hwftsak789c 0 29951 743832 720489 2026-11-07T20:37:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Bintulu bụ obodo dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị n'agwaetiti Borneo na mpaghara etiti Sarawak, Malaysia.  Bintulu dị kilomita 610 (kilomita 380) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kuching, kilomita 216 (kilomita 134) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sibu, na 200 kilomita (120 kilomita) ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Miri.  N'ịbụ nke ndị bi na 114,058 dị ka nke 2010, Bintulu bụ isi obodo Bintulu District nke Bintulu Division nke Sarawak, Malaysia. Aha Bintulu sitere n'asụsụ obodo "Mentu Ulau" (ndị isi).  Bintulu bụ obere obodo na-akụ azụ mgbe Rajah James Brooke nwetara ya na 1861. Brooke mechara wuo ebe siri ike na 1862. N'afọ 1867, a kpọkọtara ọgbakọ General Council nke mbụ (nke bụzi Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) na Bintulu.  Ọ bụ usoro ndị omebe iwu steeti mbụ na Malaysia.  Owuwu nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu mbụ na Bintulu malitere na 1934 mana a kwụsịrị na 1938 n'ihi ụkọ ego.  N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị agha jikọrọ aka tụrụ bọmbụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ.  Ndị Briten mechara wughachi ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ, ọ malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na 1955. E ji ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ dochie ọdụ ụgbọ elu ochie ahụ na 2002. Bintulu nọgidere bụrụ obodo na-akụ azụ̀ ruo 1969 mgbe a chọtara mmanụ na gas dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.  Kemgbe ahụ, Bintulu abụrụla ebe etiti ụlọ ọrụ ike ike dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Malaysia LNG, ụlọ ọrụ Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis, na ụlọ ọrụ ike okirikiri Bintulu jikọtara ọnụ.  Akụ na ụba agbasawanyela n'ubi nkwụ na ọhịa, nhazi mmanụ nkwụ, nhazi osisi, na imepụta ciment.  Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Bintulu bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha na Sarawak.  Obodo a bụkwa ọnụ ụzọ Samalajau Industrial Park. N'etiti ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na Bintulu bụ Similajau National Park, Tumbina Park, Tanjung Batu beach, Jepak village, Kuan Yin Tong temple, Assyakirin mosque, Council Negri monument, Tamu Bintulu, na Pasar Utama markets. A na-eme emume ụgbọ elu nke Borneo International kwa afọ n'obodo ahụ. == Okwu mmalite == N'ime narị afọ nke iri na isii, ndị na-ese map Portuguese kpọrọ Bintulu "River de Burulu".<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Broek|first=Jan O.M.|title=Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo|journal=[[Imago Mundi]]|date=1962|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.1080/03085696208592208}}</ref> E nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbe ochie gbara aha Bintulu gburugburu. N'oge usoro ndị eze Brooke, ụmụ amaala na-achụ nta isi iji nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ ha n'obodo. Ha tụbara isi ndị ahụ n'ime Osimiri Kemena, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a ga-anakọta isi ndị ahụ na osimiri ahụ. A maara omume nke ịnakọta isi dị ka "Metuk Ulow" (ịhọrọ isi) n'asụsụ obodo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Penyelidikan dan kajian dijalankan untuk mendokumentasi sejarah Bintulu (Research and studies conducted to document the history of Bintulu)|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/10/23/penyelidikan-dan-kajian-dijalankan-untuk-mendokumentasi-sejarah-bintulu/|accessdate=5 June 2015|work=The Borneo Post|date=23 October 2012|language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=De Ledesma|first=Charles|title=Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei|date=2003|publisher=[[Rough Guides]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hS0_GehsGPwC&pg=PA459|accessdate=5 April 2016|quote=The name "Bintulu" is, in fact, derived from the Vaie "Metuk Ulow" – "the place for picking up heads"; before Bintulu was bought by Charles Brooke from the Sultan of Brunei in 1853, Melanau pirates preyed on the local coast, attacking passing ships and decapitating their crews.|isbn=9781843530947}}</ref> Akụkọ ọzọ na-akọ na ndị agha Iban abụọ aha ha bụ Berengik na Jaleb wuru ụlọ n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ. Ha na ndị na-eso ụzọ ha na-echekwa isi ndị e gburu egbu n'akụkụ obere iyi nke si na Osimiri Sebezaw pụọ n'ihi na osimiri ahụ dị larịị ma obosara. Ya mere, a kpọrọ obere iyi ahụ "Metuk Ulow".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bintulu di hatiku – Sejarah (Bintulu in my heart – History)|url=http://catsfm.my/blogs/view/bintulu-di-hatiku|publisher=[[Cats FM]] blog|accessdate=5 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605124730/http://catsfm.my/blogs/view/bintulu-di-hatiku|archivedate=5 June 2015|language=ms}}</ref> Ndị si n'èzí bịara Bintulu mechara kpọọ aha ahụ "Mentulau", ma mesịa aha ahụ ghọọ "Bentulu" na, n'ikpeazụ, "Bintulu". == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Ọchịchị Brooke === [[Usòrò:Fort_Keppel,_Bintulu,_Sarawak,_Malaysia.jpg|thumb|Fort Keppel na 1868]] A họpụtara James Brooke dị ka White Rajah nke Sarawak (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Kuching) site na Alaeze Ukwu Bruneian na 1841. N'afọ 1861, Sultanate nke Brunei nyere Brooke mpaghara Bintulu.<ref name="BDAhistory">{{Cite web|title=History|url=http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=92|publisher=Bintulu Development Authority (BDA)|accessdate=1 June 2015|archivedate=31 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531143706/http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=92}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chronology of Sarawak throughout the Brooke Era to Malaysia Day|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/chronology-of-sarawak-throughout-the-brooke-era-to-malaysia-day/|accessdate=1 June 2015|work=The Borneo Post|date=16 September 2011}}</ref> Bintulu bụ obere obodo n'oge ahụ. E wuru ụlọ elu e ji osisi rụọ nke a na-akpọ Fort Keppel n'ime obodo ahụ, nke a gụrụ aha Sir Henry Keppel, onye bụ ezigbo enyi Rajah James na Charles Brooke.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Steven|first=Runcimen|title=The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946|date=2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-06168-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4_O9GB4KBoC&pg=PA205|accessdate=3 June 2015|quote=The fort built at Bintulu was called Fort Keppel, after the first Rajah's old friend}}</ref> Sir Henry Keppel bụ onye na-ahụ maka imebi ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri Dayak na Saribas n'etiti 1840 na 1850.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bakar|first=Lamah|title=The story behind the state's streets and roads|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?sec=sarawak&file=%2F2011%2F3%2F1%2Fsarawak%2F8124293|accessdate=3 June 2015|work=The Star (Malaysia)|date=1 March 2011|archive-date=7 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207131130/http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?sec=sarawak&file=%2F2011%2F3%2F1%2Fsarawak%2F8124293|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka ọ dịgodị, Charles Brooke bụ nwa nwanne James Brooke ma mesịa bụrụ onye nọchiri ya dị ka Rajah nke abụọ nke Sarawak. Odoardo Beccari, onye Ịtali na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ, gara Bintulu na 1867. N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ malitere njem ya n'ụgbọ mmiri a na-akpọ "Heartsease", nke ga-eziga $ 6,000 na Brunei maka nkwenye a na-enye James Brooke na mpaghara Mukah na Bintulu. Ọ gara Labuan tupu ọ laghachi Bintulu. Ọ kwụsịrị na Osimiri Kemena na 13 Ọgọst 1867. E dekọrọ ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara banyere obodo ahụ dị ka ndị a:<ref name="Beccari">{{Cite book|author=Beccari|first=Odoardo|title=Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo|date=1904|publisher=Archibald Constable & Co Ltd|location=London|pages=242, 256, 257|url=https://archive.org/stream/wanderingsingrea00becc#page/242/mode/2up|accessdate=4 June 2015}}</ref>   E wuru ụlọ ndị Melanau n'ahịrị n'akụkụ abụọ nke Osimiri Kemena, nke a na-arụkarị site na nkwụ Nipah na Sago.  Ụlọ nke ọ bụla nwere ntụle nke ya n'ọnụ ụzọ osimiri, bụ nke a na-eji edozi nkwụ Sago.<ref name="Beccari"/> Na 8 Septemba 1867, nzukọ mbụ nke Sarawak General Council (nke bụzi Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) mere ebe a. Ọ mejupụtara ndị otu obodo 21 a họpụtara ahọpụta (ndị isi Britain ise na ndị isi obodo Malay na Melanau iri na isii). Ọ bụ Raja Muda Charles Brooke guzobere kansụl ahụ n'okpuru iwu sitere n'aka Rajah James Brooke. Kansụl ahụ bụ ụlọ omebe iwu steeti kachasị ochie na Malaysia.<ref name="energytown">{{Cite news|title=Melanau association resents Bintulu being called 'poor town'|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/09/02/melanau-association-resents-bintulu-being-called-poor-town/|accessdate=1 June 2015|work=The Borneo Post|date=2 September 2012|quote=Bintulu is the energy town that has become the biggest provider of the nation’s wealth.}}</ref><ref name="BDAattractions">{{Cite web|title=Bintulu – Places of Interest|url=http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=49&menu_id=0&sub_id=66|publisher=Bintulu Development Authority|accessdate=19 July 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20161119121306/http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=49&menu_id=0&sub_id=66|archivedate=19 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hot Spots|url=http://www.isarawak.com.my/bintulu/hotspots.html|work=isarawak.com.my|accessdate=1 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030754/http://www.isarawak.com.my/bintulu/hotspots.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> === Ndị Japan bi ebe ahụ === N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke nyere iwu ka e wuo ọdụ ụgbọ elu na Kuching, Oya, Mukah, Bintulu, na Miri.  A malitere ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu Bintulu na 1934 n'okpuru nduzi nke C. W. Bailey, onye nyocha ọrụ na ihe owuwu maka British Royal Air Force (RAF).  E wuchara ọdụ ụgbọ elu niile ma e wezụga ọdụ ụgbọ elu Bintulu, bụ́ ebe a kwụsịrị ịrụ ya n’October 1938 n’ihi ego.<ref name="Klemen">{{Cite web|first=Klemen|author=L|url=https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/sarawak.html|title=The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942|date=1999–2000|work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401045406/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html|archivedate=1 April 2015}}</ref> Ndị agha Japan rutere na Miri na 16 Disemba 1941. Sarawak dara n'aka ndị Japan mgbe ha meriri Kuching na 24 Disemba 1941. Mgbe ndị Japan wakporo Sarawak, Charles Vyner Brooke agaala Sydney ([[Ostraliya|Australia]]) tupu mwakpo ahụ mgbe ndị Japan jidere ndị isi ya ma tinye ha n'ogige Batu Lintang.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Japanese Occupation (1941–1945)|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/235/246/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=3 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008032040/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/235/246/|archive-date=8 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'oge ndị Japan bi, ndị Japan jiri ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ mee ihe maka ebumnuche agha. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha jikọrọ aka tụrụ bọmbụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ. Ndị Britain malitere iwughachi ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị; n'oge ọrụ ahụ, a chọpụtara ọtụtụ bọmbụ ndị na-agbawaghị agbawa.<ref name="oldbintulu">{{Cite news|author=Mohamed|first=Sakina|title=Reminiscing the old Bintulu|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/09/16/reminiscing-the-old-bintulu/|accessdate=7 June 2015|work=The Borneo Post|date=16 September 2014}}</ref> Na 5 Septemba 1942, Onye Ọchịchị Japan Field Marshal Prince Maida (前田利为) banyere ụgbọ elu si Kuching gaa Labuan iji na-elekọta ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke bu aha ya.  Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bịarutere.<ref>{{Cite web|title=松鼠助建國‧英女王巧遇哪吒‧神怪傳說豐富貓城 (The squirrel that helped to build the country – British Queen encountered Nezha by chance – Legend of the genie – Rich cat city)|url=http://www.guangming.com.my/node/112701|publisher=[[Guang Ming Daily (Malaysia)]]|accessdate=7 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607055406/http://www.guangming.com.my/node/112701|archivedate=7 June 2015|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=当年浮罗岸地标 – 华侨青年社 变娥殿大戏院 (The then Padungan landmark was the Chinese Youth Community Centre before it became DEON Cinema.)|url=http://www.intimes.com.my/write-html/06padungan02.htm|publisher=International Times (Sarawak)|accessdate=7 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124080816/http://intimes.com.my/write-html/06padungan02.htm|archivedate=24 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kuching is not the City of the Cat|work=The Sarawak Gazette|date=1 June 1948|page=122|url=http://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/gazette/gazette_uploaded/1371429064.pdf|accessdate=7 June 2015|quote=Shortly afterwards, Field Marshal [[Toshinari Maeda|Prince Maida]], cousin of the Emperor Sun God and Generalissimo, fell miserably to earth in a crashed plane somewhere around Miri.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214170023/https://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/gazette/gazette_uploaded/1371429064.pdf|archive-date=14 December 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a chọpụtara na ụgbọelu ahụ dara n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Tanjung Batu, Bintulu. A maghị ihe kpatara ihe mberede ụgbọelu ahụ. Ndị Japan mechara guzobe ihe ncheta osisi nke e ji osisi Belian mee na Bintulu. Ezinụlọ Prince Maida mechara weghachite osisi ahụ na Japan.<ref name="oldbintulu"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Yussop|first=Mahmud|title=My Bintulu History|url=http://mybintuluhistory.blogspot.com/2007/07/first-facts-of-bintulu_17.html|publisher=My Bintulu History|accessdate=7 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607053236/http://mybintuluhistory.blogspot.com/2007/07/first-facts-of-bintulu_17.html|archivedate=7 June 2015}}</ref> Ndị Japan gwara ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ ịwa osisi na Sibu na Bintulu ka ha rụpụta osisi maka ịrụzi n'ebe mmanụ na ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri.  N'oge ndị Japan nọ na-arụ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ ịwa osisi dị na Bintulu rụpụtara ngụkọta nke osisi sawn 4,000.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ooi|first=Keat Gin|title=The Japanese Occupation of Borneo, 1941–1945|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eg_HBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT110|accessdate=7 June 2015|isbn=9781136963094}}</ref> 0mn2z5nebtadijgfyjvxwsxovvzugtt 0 31370 743857 621635 2026-11-08T03:11:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  Daniel Gim (amụrụ na 4 Nọvemba 1995) bụ onye Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu cricket. Onye na-eme egwuregwu cricket Daniel Gim<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/637523.html|title=Daniel Gim|accessdate=14 September 2018|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2018, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Naịjirịa na otu North-Western nke asọmpi 2018-19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier. 2018-19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12328;team=173;type=tournament|title=ICC World Twenty20 Africa Region Qualifier A, 2018 - Nigeria: Batting and bowling averages|work=ESPN Cricinfo|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka 2018 Africa T20 Cup. 2018 Africa T20 Cup<ref name="NGRSquad">{{Cite web|url=http://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2018/09/09/yellow-greens-departs-the-shores-of-the-country-for-africa-t-20-cup-in-south-africa/|title=Yellow Greens Departs the Shores of the Country for Africa T20 Cup in South South Africa|work=Nigeria Cricket|accessdate=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910170532/http://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2018/09/09/yellow-greens-departs-the-shores-of-the-country-for-africa-t-20-cup-in-south-africa/|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na Twenty20 maka Naịjirịa na 2018 Africa T20 Cup na 14 Septemba 2018. Iri abụọ na abụọ<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157412.html|title=Pool D, Africa T20 Cup at Paarl, Sep 14 2018|accessdate=14 September 2018|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier nke 2019 na United Arab Emirates. 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emergingcricket.com/events/mens-t20-world-cup/when-opportunity-meets-the-prepared-nigeria-t20-world-cup-qualifier-preview/|title=When opportunity meets the prepared; Nigeria T20 World Cup Qualifier preview|work=Emerging Cricket|accessdate=10 October 2019}}</ref> O mere Twenty20 International (T20I) nke mbụ ya maka Naijiria, megide Jersey, na 19 Ọktoba 2019. Twenty20 International Jersey<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1199504.html|title=6th Match, Group B, ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier at Abu Dhabi, Oct 19 2019|work=ESPN Cricinfo|accessdate=19 October 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi ikpeazụ nke ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier nke 2021 na Rwanda. 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2021/10/29/n-c-f-announces-14-man-squad-for-t20-world-cup-africa-qualifier-in-rwanda/|title=N.C.F announces 14 man squad for T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier in Rwanda|work=Nigeria Cricket Federation|accessdate=29 October 2021}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gim, Daniel}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d1j3li4mqh09sx5cihxep2isycqhcjt 0 31653 743828 539593 2026-11-07T19:42:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Benjamin Ola Akande bụ onye Naijiria-American agụmakwụkwọ, prọfesọ na onye isi azụmaahịa.  Na Mee 2021, akpọrọ ya onye isi oche Senior, Director Human Resources, Onye isi nke Diversity na nsonye, ​​Stifel Financial, ụlọ ọrụ njikwa akụ na ụba na ụlọ ọrụ itinye ego na ụlọ akụ hiwere na 1890 ma dabere na St. Louis, Missouri nwere $ 4.7 ijeri ego kwa afọ, $39.  ijeri njikwa akụ na ụba, $36 ijeri akụ njikwa.  Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi ndụmọdụ Stifel na mmezu nke atụmatụ ESG nke ụlọ ọrụ.  Ọ na-eduzi nzukọ talent na ndị ọrụ 10,000 n'ime ụlọ ọrụ 400 zuru ụwa ọnụ.  Dr. Akande jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke itoolu nke Champlain College na Burlington, Vermont wee duru ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na Eprel 2020 - Mee 2021. Site na Eprel 2018 ruo Eprel 2020 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Assistant Vice Chancellor of International Programs-Africa, Director nke Africa Initiative.  na onye isi oche nke Global Health Center na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis.  Ọ bụbu onye isi ala 21st nke Westminster College na Fulton, Missouri.[1][2][3]  Tupu Westminster, ọ jere ozi afọ 15 dị ka onye isi nke Webster University George Herbert Walker School of Business & Technology.  Tupu nke ahụ, na Wayland Baptist University, a họpụtara ya Chief Academic Officer na Chair, Division of Business Administration.  N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, ya na ụlọ ọrụ Fortune 500 na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe agbakọrọ ọnụ.  A maara ya dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere mgbasa ozi na isiokwu ndị dị ka ndu, akụ na ụba, na ịzụ ahịa.  Ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu nke mba na isiokwu ndị metụtara ndu na akụnụba. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == .Benjamin Ola Akande njikọ na Nigeria na 1962. [1] Nna ya, onye Baptist ama ama, [2] Mkpu.  Dr. Samuel Ola.  Akande na nne, Comfort Olalonpe, setịpụụrụ ya na ịdị ya n'alọdị dị elu ma gbaa ha ume ka ha nwee ike dị elu.  [3] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Comprehensive, Aiyetoro na [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun State]], Nigeria, akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1978. [4] Ọ kwagara United States ịga n'ihu njikọ ya na 1979 wee akara ugo bachelor na ngwaahịa azụmahịa na Mahadum Wayland Baptist  .  [5] Ọ gakwara na Mahadum [[Oklahoma]] ebe ọ gụchara nzere masters na Economics and Public Administration na Ph.D.  na Economics.  Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ post-doctoral na John F. Kennedy School of Government na Harvard University na Saïd School of Business na Oxford University == Ọrụ == .<ref name="wbu.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbu.edu/news-and-events/archives/2008/february/hcakande.htm|title=Akande to receive distinguished alumni award at WBU - Wayland Baptist University|work=www.wbu.edu|language=en|accessdate=2017-04-07}}</ref>N'afọ 1995, a họpụtara Akande ka ọ bụrụ Chief Academic Officer na Chair, Division of Business Administration, na Wayland Baptist University.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye enyemaka pụrụ iche nye Onye isi ala . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQqXWkZjhnYC&pg=PA6|title=Changing Places: Making a Success of Succession Planning for Entrepreneurs and Family Business Owners|author=David Franzetta|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2012|isbn=9781477266922}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUtXAAAAYAAJ&q=benjamin+ola+akande|title=Black Issues in Higher Education|publisher=Cox, Matthews & Associates, Incorporated (University of Virginia)|year=2000}}</ref>Na 2000, a mgbaàmà Akande ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ nke akụ na nọrọ na onye isi nke George Herbert Walker School of Business & Technology na Webster University, na Webster University's Chief of Office of Corporate Partnerships ebe ọ na-enyere aka n'ịrụ na ewepu.  ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na-enye nri. Site na 2015 ruo 2017, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ojii]] mbụ nke Westminster College . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/nigerian-born-business-dean-to-lead-westminster-college/article_5535fb9a-ca8b-570b-b42b-525e40aa0d3f.html|publisher=Saint Louis Missouri Today|title=Nigerian-born business dean to lead Westminster College|accessdate=July 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704182050/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/nigerian-born-business-dean-to-lead-westminster-college/article_5535fb9a-ca8b-570b-b42b-525e40aa0d3f.html|archive-date=July 4, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="comment" /> ).N'April 2018 ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka Vice Chancellor of International Programs-Africa, Director nke Africa Initiative, na Associate Director nke Global Health Center na Washington University na St. Louis.  Dr. Akande chịkwara kọmitii na-ahụ maka njem nlegharị anya nke Mahadum Washington (ITOC). Site na njem 2020 ruo Mee 2021, Dr. Akande jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke ndụ nke Champlain College na Burlington, Vermont . Na Mee 2021, egosi ya onye isi oche Senior [[Vice President of Nigeria|Vice President]], Director Human Resources, Head of Diversity and nsonye, ​​Stifel Financial na St. Louis, Missouri . . <ref name="comment">{{Cite web|url=http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/webster-business-dean-akande-will-be-next-president-westminster-college#stream/0|title=Webster business dean Akande will be next president of Westminster College|work=St Louis Radio|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=July 8, 2015}}</ref>Akande abụrụla onye mụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-ama anya na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ na ibu ọrụ, onye isi na nguzobe ahịrị.  Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ okwu gbasara akụ na aha na-akpa.  Ọ pụtawo na NPR Marketplace Public Radio, Anderson Cooper 360 na CBS Evening News .  Ọ gbara onye ndu na World Bank na United Nations Development Programme (UNDP == Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara == • Akande, B., "Kuki Oreo, Olympic, na Education," University Business (October 2012). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.universitybusiness.com/article/oreo-cookies-olympics-and-education|title=Oreo Cookies, the Olympics, and Education|work=University Business Magazine|accessdate=2017-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407234209/https://www.universitybusiness.com/article/oreo-cookies-olympics-and-education|archivedate=2017-04-07}}</ref> • Akande, B., Kourik, J., Maher, P., "Ịchịkwa ihe achọrọ nke nzere ntozu; Mmetụta nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Azụmahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ, "Nchọpụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ Higher Education (Mpịakọta 14, October 2011). • Akande, B., Feltz, C., "Mkpebi Afọ Ọhụrụ nke HR: Were oche na Tebụl Strategic," Market Watch (January [1st Quarter/Winter] 6, 2011). • Maher, P., Kourik, J., Akande, B., "Inweta Ogo, Ọkachamara, na Nkwekọrịta na Global Academy," Management Technology for Global Economic Growth, Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, PICMET Conference. Julaị 18–22, 2010, Usoro. • Masidonski, P., Maher, P., Kourik, J., Akande, B., "Ọdịiche dị iche iche na-agbanwe agbanwe: Ịhazi Cultural, Economic and Assessment mkpa na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ụwa," AACSB Nzukọ Kwa Afọ (June 2009). • Bakewell, T., Akande, B., "Ọchịchị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dị irè: nkuzi amụtara," National Association of Corporate Directors (July [3rd Quarter/Summer] 2008). • Akande, B., Mmepe ikike ndu, “Herausforderungen einer zukunftsorientierten Unternehmenspolitik: Okonomie, Umvelt, Technik na Gessellschaft als Determinanten,” Julaị 2007, nkeji nke atọ. == Nkwado na ihe nrite == Aghọtara dị ka otu n'ime ndị ''40 nọ n'okpuru 40 ndị ndu pụrụ iche na Greater St. Louis Region'', 2002 Ntụtụ aka Onye isi ala Mahadum Webster maka ntinye aka na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ - Echiche nke mmemme mgbanwe mgbanwe Energizer Global Staff, 2005 ''St Louisan Kasị emetụta'', St. Louis Business Journal, 2007–2012 · Akwụkwọ ntụzịaka nke Mahadum Webster maka onye ndu okike n'iweta ndị isi azụmaahịa na ndị na-eche echiche n'ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Webster nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na usoro okwu okwu, 2007. ''Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-akwanyere ùgwù nke afọ'', Wayland Baptist University, 2008 <ref name="wbu.edu"/> 100 n'elu ọha na eze na ụlọ ọrụ atụmanya - ahọpụtara site a panel nke na-agụnye ndị isi njikwa si n'elu Executive search ụlọ ọrụ, mbụ US nnọchiteanya, investor akwado, na top 100 na-ezute ndị a njirisi: gosipụtara nka n'ime nkuku nke ụwa. nka nke iwu na usoro iwu, ijikwa nkewa zuru ụwa ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, yana agụmakwụkwọ nwere oke ọrụ, Financial Times & Agenda International, 2011 Clayton Chamber of Commerce ''Pillar of the Community Award'', 2012 <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stlamerican.com/business/clayton-chamber-recognizes-akande/article_b7b6ab3e-919b-11e2-89ba-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Clayton Chamber recognizes Akande|author=staff|first=American|work=St. Louis American|accessdate=2017-04-07|language=en}}</ref> Ndepụta ike Magazin St Louis: ''Ndị mmadụ 100 na-akpụzi St. Louis'', 2012 Ihe nrite Churchill nke ndu, kọleji Westminster, Eprel 2017 • Onye otu Board, Vi-Jon, onye nrụpụta labelụ nzuzo kacha ochie nke mba na ngalaba ahụike na ịma mma, Ọkt. 2021–Ọ dị ugbu a. • Board Member, MUNY, obodo kasị ukwuu n'èzí musical ihe nkiri nke na-emepụta asaa ụwa egwu kwa afọ na a ozi bụ ime ka ndụ baa ọgaranya site na-emepụta ahụkebe musical ihe nkiri, ịnweta niile, mgbe na-aga n'ihu na ya dị ịrịba ama omenala na Forest Park. Jenụwarị 2019 – dị ugbu a • Onye otu Board, Danforth Plant Science Centre, ụlọ ọrụ ihe metụtara na-etinye ego n'efu, Aug. 2017-Ugbu a • Otu Board, Executive Committee, Development Committee, Forest Park Forever, họọrọ dị ka otu n'ime ogige ọha kasị ukwuu na nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke mba, 2013-Ugbu a. • Onye otu, Board of Commissioners, Investment Committee, Saint Louis Art Museum, otu n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe nke US, nke nwere ike, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ihe omenala, na ihe osise oge ochie si n'ụdị niile nke ụwa.  , 2013- Ugbu a. • Onye otu, Board Advisory, FDC Fundação Dom Cabral, # 1 ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa họọrọ na Brazil, 2011 - Ugbu a • Onye otu Board nke iwu, kọmitii na-ahazi na nnabata, ụlọ akụ Enterprise & ntụkwasị obi, Eprel 2014 - June 2020 • Onye isi oche, kọmitii na- መሪ, nche, PGA Senior, Bellerive Country Club, 2013 - 2018 == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Akande, Benjamin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5bq5wuq57qqfries4uq7mhd1hvpvzvk 0 32788 743826 539377 2026-11-07T19:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743826 wikitext text/x-wiki   Isabella Khairiah Hadid ( Arabic <nowiki></link></nowiki> ) [lower-alpha 1] / / həˈdiːd / hə- DEED hə- amuru Ɔktoba 9, {{Databox}} 1996) bu ihe nlere America.  N'ime oge ọrụ ya, ọ mere ngosi 29 na ihu Vogue nke mba ụwa.  [1] Na 2022, ndị British Ejiji Council gosiri Model of the Year.  [2] Magazin Time hụrụ ya otu n'ime mmadụ 100 kacha nwee ike n'ụwa na ndepụta ya kwa afọ na 2023. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest Paid Models in the World — Richest Models Kendall Jenner Gisele Bündchen Net Worth|url=https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/highest-paid-models-in-the-world-kendall-jenner-gisele-bundchen|accessdate=2023-10-09|work=L'Officiel USA|language=en}}</ref>Amụrụ na Washington, DC, ma aha na Santa Barbara, California, Hadid ọrụ ịre ngosi ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 16. Ebinyere ya aka na IMG Models n'August 2014, wee mee ya New York Fashion Week mpụta mbụ nwa na  -esote.  N'afọ 2016, ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ n'anya ya "Model of the Year" maka Models.com.  [1] Na 2017, Hadid mebiri isi nke Doutzen Kroes maka ihe ngosi Vogue September na-ekpuchi n'ime otu afọ site na ịpụta na ike mba ụwa ise ( China, Spain, Brazil, Australia na Arabia ).  Otu n'ime ụdị kacha aga nke ọma n'ụwa (dị ka nke 2021), Hadid òtùla òtù na-eso ndị fan.  [2] ụdị 2018, Hadid bụ otu n'ime ụdị akwụkwọ a na-eche echiche, na-enweta $19 nde. . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Collins|first=Ashley|date=2020-03-12|title=The Hadid Sisters Live An Insanely Glamorous Life|url=https://www.thelist.com/193991/the-hadid-sisters-live-an-insanely-glamorous-life/|accessdate=2021-06-22|work=TheList.com|language=en-US|archivedate=November 29, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129181407/https://www.thelist.com/193991/the-hadid-sisters-live-an-insanely-glamorous-life/}}</ref>A njikọ Isabella Khairiah Hadid na Ọktoba 9, 1996, na Washington, DC [1] [2] [3] Nna ya, Mohamed Hadid, bụ onye Palestine - onye na-ebe ezigbo ụlọ nke Jordan, ebe nne ya, Yolanda Hadid (  nne van den Herik).  ), bụ onye Dutch mbụ egwu.  [4] [5] [6] Site na nna ya, Hadid na-ekwu na sitere na Zahir al-Umar, onye na-achi ugwu Palestine na etiti etiti afọ nke 18. [7] [8] O nwere ike nwanne nkata 18.  , Gigi, na nwanne nwoke nke nkata, Anwar, ha bụkwa ihe egwu.  [9] O foto photo diana nna, Marielle na Alana.  [10] A kpọrọ Hadid na ike ya n'ihe anụ dị na Santa Barbara, California.  [11] Ezin mmetụta ahụ kwagara Beverly Hills ka awụ iri gachara. . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid Wants To Enter Into Acting|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/hollywood/news/2016/bella-hadid-wants-to-make-a-career-in-acting-248943.html|work=www.filmibeat.com|accessdate=January 21, 2017|language=en|date=December 8, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202004704/http://www.filmibeat.com/hollywood/news/2016/bella-hadid-wants-to-make-a-career-in-acting-248943.html|archivedate=February 2, 2017}}</ref>Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Malibu High School na 2014, Hadid kwagara New York City iji foto foto na Parsons School of Design .  Ọmụma ụfọdụ ya ka ọ na-anya n'anya ịme enyo ya, mana o kwupụtala ntoju n'ama akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ mechara ịme ihe ngosi ka ọ banye na foto ejiji .  [1] Hadid ebido ihie ime ihe === 2012-2014: Ọrụ mbụ === . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lesaamoore.com/THE-SWAN-SITTINGS-1-1|title=THE SWAN SITTINGS 1 - LESA AMOORE|work=lesaamoore.com|language=en|accessdate=July 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228110809/http://lesaamoore.com/THE-SWAN-SITTINGS-1-1|archivedate=December 28, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://models.com/work/chrome-hearts-ss-13-campaign|title=Chrome Hearts S/S 13 Campaign (Chrome Hearts)|work=MODELS.com|accessdate=July 25, 2017}}</ref>Ọrụ ime ihe nke Hadid mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii nwere ọrụ azụmahịa maka Flynn Skye.  Ọ pụtakwara n'ọnwa ịme ngosi dị ka Lesa Amoore 's "The Swan Settings", n' maida onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ben Barnes na Holly Copeland's "Smoking Hot".  Hadid mekwara ka Hanna Hayes' Fall/Winter 2013 mkpokọta, wee ndị ọrụ maka Chrome Hearts, ụdị nke ezigbo enyi ya, Jesse Jo Stark. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webpronews.com/bella-hadid-and-sister-gigi-wear-bondage-inspired-lingerie-on-v-magazine-cover-2015-06/|title=Bella Hadid and Sister Gigi Wear Bondage-Inspired Lingerie on 'V' Magazine Cover - WebProNews|work=WebProNews|accessdate=October 12, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009033714/http://www.webpronews.com/bella-hadid-and-sister-gigi-wear-bondage-inspired-lingerie-on-v-magazine-cover-2015-06/|archivedate=October 9, 2015}}</ref>N'oge opupu ihe ubi, e mkpa ya na nri akpa Botkier.  N'August, ọ gbara egwu na egwu Victoria's Secret Pink Holiday, n'ụdị ụdị Rachel Hilbert na Devon Windsor .  [1] N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, e dandan ya na nri maka Boghossian Jewelry.  N'ọgwụgwụ 2015, na New York Fashion Week, Hadid jere ije maka Diane von Fürstenberg, Tommy Hilfiger, Marc Jacobs, ma mechi ihe ngosi Jeremy Scott .  Na London Fashion Week, ọ jere ije maka Topshop Pụrụ iche na Giles.  N'izu ejiji nke Milan, ọ gara njem maka Philipp Plein, Moschino, Missoni, na Bottega Veneta .  Na Paris Fashion Week, ọ gara Balmain .  Na Disemba 2015, o mere mpụta mbụ Chanel ya, na-eje ije na nke mbụ Métiers d'Art na Rome . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/08/bella-hadid-and-samsung-techs-latest-attempt-to-befriend-the-fashion-world/|title=Bella Hadid and Samsung: Tech's Latest Attempt to Befriend the Fashion World|date=August 14, 2015|work=Observer|language=en-US|accessdate=June 6, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613201812/http://observer.com/2015/08/bella-hadid-and-samsung-techs-latest-attempt-to-befriend-the-fashion-world/|archivedate=June 13, 2016}}</ref>Ɔfaa na November 2015 cover nke iri na asaa .  [1] O see iko na-ere Holiday nke Topshop, yana ụdị ụdị, wee ya nhọrọ ọzọ na ụbọchị 14 na 15 nke Love 's Love Advent Calendar.  [2] [3] Ya na nwanne ya nwanne Gigi, dị na mgbasa Balmain Fall 2015. [4] na Mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2015 mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi maka Ralph Lauren Denim & Supply.  O ọnụ na Samsung's Fall/Winter Look Book na Xiao Wen Ju, nke ndị na-agụnye na ejiji ejiji. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.popsugar.com/fashion/Bella-Hadid-amfAR-Gala-Runway-Look-2016-41386885#photo-41386885|title=Bella Hadid Was the Most Naked Walking Down the amfAR Gala Runway|author=Sutton|first=Samantha|work=POPSUGAR Fashion|date=May 22, 2016|language=en-US|accessdate=May 31, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525193106/http://www.popsugar.com/fashion/Bella-Hadid-amfAR-Gala-Runway-Look-2016-41386885#photo-41386885|archivedate=May 25, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elle.my/beauty/News/Bella-Hadid-is-Dior-makeup-ambassador|title=Bella Hadid is Dior's new makeup ambassador|author=Tim|first=Andrea|work=Elle Malaysia|accessdate=May 31, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601132921/http://www.elle.my/beauty/News/Bella-Hadid-is-Dior-makeup-ambassador|archivedate=June 1, 2016}}</ref>Na Jenụwarị 2016, Hadid mere mpụta mbụ Chanel Couture n'oge Izu Ejiji/Ejiji nke Paris Haute Couture.  [1] O see na mgbasa ozi Marc Jacobs, "My America".  [2] Nwanọ Febụwarị, ọ jere ije maka Fenty x Puma na New York Fashion Week.  [3] Ọ na-eje ije nanị maka Givenchy, Chanel, na Miu Miu na ihe ngosi ha na Paris Fashion Week na March.  O see ndị na-oria Joe's Jeans Spring 2016. [4] N'nana Mee, o mere mpụta mbụ ejiji nke Australia na Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, na-emepe na mechiri ihe nghazi Misha Collection Resort 17. [5] [6]  Ọ gakwara ije maka ihe nkiri amfAR nke iri abụọ na atọ Against AIDS Gala na Dior Cruise 2017 na London . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/bella-hadid-launches-clothing-line-with-chrome-hearts-w455873|title=Bella Hadid Is a Clothing Designer|work=Us Weekly|accessdate=December 21, 2016}}</ref>N'ime izu izu nke London, ọ mepere naanị maka Versus (Versace) .  N'oge Milan Fashion Week, ọ meghere ihe ngosi maka Alberta Ferretti na Fendi, jere ije maka Max Mara, Moschino, Versace na Bottega Veneta, ma mechi maka Philosophy di Lorenzo Serafini .  [1] [2] Ọ kpakwara aka na mgbasa ozi Denim Topshop.  [3] N'Ọnọ Jun, e Mberede ya na mgbasa ozi Fall/Winter nke Givenchy .  [4] Na Julaị, n'ụdị Frank Ocean, Kate Moss, na ndị ọzọ, e nọmba ya na mgbasa ozi Calvin Klein Fall/Winter.  [5] N'August, ọ gbara egwu na egwu JW Anderson's Fall/Winter.  [6] Ọ serekwa ezigbo ndị enyi ya, akara Stark, maka W. [7] N'October, ọ gbara na mgbasa ozi Misha Collection, "Gold by Misha".  [8] Na Nọvemba 30, o mere ihe ngosi izizi ihe Victoria ya.  [9] Na Disemba 13, ọ amụ ahịrị uwe mbụ ya na enyi ya na onye ya na ya na-emekọ ihe, Chrome Hearts. . N'oge 2016, ọ ọdịiche nke Seventeen Mexico, Self Service, CR Fashion Book 's "#CRGirls", V, Harper's Bazaar (Spain, Japan, Australia na Russia), Elle (Brazil, United States, United Kingdom,  Thailand), Indonesia na Malaysia), Allure, Ugboro Magazine, Glamour (Germany, United States, Russia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey na Iceland), Wepụ, W Korea, L'Officiel Russia, Sunday Times Style, British GQ  , Flare , na Akwụkwọ .  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Na May, Hadid private Vogue mbụ ya maka Vogue Turkey, ma mee obere ihe nkiri ya na ihe nkiri Tyler Ford, Private .  [6] N'August, ọ metal na ibe nke Vogue Me na onye rapper Korea G-Dragon .  Na Sept, ọ like na ihu Vogue atọ maka Japan, Italia, na Paris, n'ụdị ihe Taylor Hill .  [7] [8] Ọ bụkwa ndị nke Love ' s 2016 bia obibia Kalinda <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/versus-versace-fall-2017-gigi-hadid-bella-hadid/all|title=Gigi, Bella, and More Models of the Moment Hit the Versus Versace Runway in Donatella-Approved Party Gear|author=Werbel|first=Katherine Cusumano, Asia|work=W|accessdate=March 14, 2017|language=en}}</ref>Na Jenụwarị 2017, Hadid jere ije na nri nke Givenchy 's Fall/Winter Menswear na Paris.  [1] Ọ gakwara ije maka Chanel wee ihe ngosi maka Alexandre Vauthier .  N'anyị Febụwarị, ọ na-enye onye aka maka eriri ngwa Bulgari na TAG Heuer .  [2] [3] Ọ jere ije na ihe ngosi nke nwanne ya ekere Gigi's Tommy Hilfiger, Tommy x Gigi, na Los Angeles, wee mechie ihe ngosi H&M Studio na Paris.  Ọhụụ abụọ a bụ mgbakwunye ikpeazụ na oge.  [4] N'oge New York Fashion Week, ọ meghere ihe ngosi maka Prabal Gurung na Zadig & Voltaire, jere ije maka Alexander Wang, Sies Marjan, Carolina Herrera, Brandon Maxwell, Michael Kors, Anna Sue na Ralph Lauren, ma mechiri maka  Oscar de la Renta.  [5] [6] N'ime izu izu nke London, ọ bụ onye mmeghe nke ihe ngosi maka Versace Versus. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.refinery29.com/2017/06/160473/bella-hadid-nars-campaign-beauty|title=Bella Hadid Just Landed Yet Another Sweet Beauty Gig|author=Flynn|first=Caitlin|date=June 22, 2017|accessdate=June 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624101422/http://www.refinery29.com/2017/06/160473/bella-hadid-nars-campaign-beauty|archivedate=June 24, 2017}}</ref>Hadid na nwanne ya, Gigi, egwu na oge opupu ihe ubi/okpomọkụ ọnụ site n'ịkpa nkata na ire Fendi na Moschino.  [1] Ọ gbakwara egwu maka Zadig & Voltaire na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere, Anwar.  Ọ Rome maka mgbasa ozi DKNY, TAG Heuer na Boghossian.  [2] [3] [4] O see na-akpọ Ochirly's Spring na Summer yana na-akpọ Zayn x Versus'.  Ọ gbara ama na akara ịma mma mbụ ya maka mascara "Pump N' Volume" Dior Makeup.  [5] Ọ gbara mgbasa ozi mbụ ya na Nike maka Nike Cortez.  [6] O mere ihe ngosi dị ka ihu nke Bulgari 's Goldea Roman Night fragrance na nchịkọta Serpiniti.  [7] [8] Ọ gbara mgbasa ozi ngwa nke abụọ maka Max Mara, wee nwee ike na-eke "Ọgbọ" nke Penshoppe .  [9] N'ime oge ahụ, ọ gbara n'ụdị Miles McMillan na Giuseppe Zanotti, Justin Grossman na NARS ihe mma, na Kendall Jenner na egwu Ochirly's Fall. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BXevv3ilG8N/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404172750/https://www.instagram.com/p/BXevv3ilG8N/|archivedate=April 4, 2023|title=Instagram post by Elle China • Aug 7, 2017 at 5:12am UTC|work=Instagram|language=en|accessdate=August 9, 2017}}</ref>Mkpuchi mbụ Hadid nke 2017 bụ isiokwu nke nchịkọta ya sitere na W United States.  E we ya maka akara January nke W’ Korea.  [1] Ihe mbụ mbụ ya nke afọ bụ maka Teen Vogue, na-eke na ezigbo enyi ya, Jesse Jo Stark.  N'Eprel, ọ ọdịiche na nke Vogue China .  Na June, ọ gbara na egwu nke Vogue Italia .  [2] [3] [4] [5] Na na na na September, Hadid tolitere ọnụ ọgụgụ ya site na afọ gara aga na Elle Russia na Harper's Bazaar China.  Ọ gbajiri isi maka ọtụtụ egwuregwu Vogue September n'otu awụ (nke Doutzen Kroes debere na 2013 na Linda Evangelista na 1993), [6] [7] [8] site na ịpụta na ike mba ụwa ise: China, Spain, Brazil,  Australia, na Arabia.  Ọ pụtakwara na ihu nke CR Ejiji Book, Grazia, Sunday Times Style, Porter, Elle (United States, China, Russia na France), InStyle, na 032c . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gigi and Bella Hadid on Walking Their Third Victoria's Secret Fashion Show|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/gigi-bella-hadid-backstage-victorias-secret-fashion-show-2018|accessdate=2021-06-23|work=Vogue|date=November 8, 2018|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204445/https://www.vogue.com/article/gigi-bella-hadid-backstage-victorias-secret-fashion-show-2018}}</ref>Na Jenụwarị 2018, Hadid dị na ihu nke Vogue Korea .  [1] Na March, ọ gbara na mgbanwe nke British Vogue na nwanne ya ekere, Gigi.  [2] Na May, ọ ere na ibe nke Vogue Japan .  Na Julaị, ọ gbara na mgbanwe nke Cosmopolitan Germany, Harper's Bazaar na Vogue México .  [3] [4] [5] Na September, ọ gbara na nhọrọ nke Allure na Pop .  [6] [7] N'October, ọ isi na fim nke Harper's Bazaar Arabia.  [8] Maka oge ike 2018, Hadid meghere maka Off-White na Paris Fashion Week.  [9] Na Milan, ọ gara ije maka Tommy Hilfiger, Missoni, Roberto Cavalli, Tod's, Fendi, Moschino, Alberta Ferretti na Max Mara.  Na New York, ọ gara ije maka Michael Kors, Anna Sui, Ralph Lauren, Prabal Gurung, Brandon Maxwell na Jason Wu.  [10] [11] Na Nọvemba 8, ọ jere ije ihe ngosi Ejiji nke Victoria nke ugboro atọ. . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-29|title=Bella Hadid covers Elle France June 28th, 2019 by Zoey Grossman - fashionotography|url=https://www.fashionotography.com/bella-hadid-covers-elle-france-june-28th-2019-by-zoey-grossman/|accessdate=2021-06-24|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203905/https://www.fashionotography.com/bella-hadid-covers-elle-france-june-28th-2019-by-zoey-grossman/}}</ref>Na February 2019, na Paris Fashion Week, Hadid jere ije maka umu, Haider Ackerman na Off-White.  [1] Na Milan, ọ jere ije maka Versace, Missoni, Philosophy Di Lorenzo Serafini, Max Mara, Fendi, Versace, Alberta Ferretti, Moschino na Roberto Cavalli.  Ọ gara ije maka ihe ngosi 90th Anniversary nke CR Runway n'ụdị Irina Shayk na Joan Smalls .  Na New York, ọ jere ije maka Oscar de la Renta, Michael Kors, Brandon Maxwell na Savage x Fenty .  [2] Na March, ọ starred na nhọrọ nke Vogue Russia .  [3] N'April, ọ gbara na nhọrọ nke Vogue Greece .  [4] Na June, ọ ọdịiche na nke Vogue Japan na Vogue España .  [5] [6] O mere nke abụọ na 'Vogue Japan na July.  [7] Na June, ọ isi na ibe nke Elle France Na February 2020, na New York Fashion Week, Hadid jere ije maka Tom Ford, Brandon Maxwell, Oscar de la Renta, Rodarte, Khaite na Michael Kors. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Griswold|first=Maggie|date=2020-02-12|title=Bella Hadid Has Been Taking Over the 2020 NYFW Runways—Here Are All Her Stunning Looks|url=https://stylecaster.com/bella-hadid-nyfw-runway-looks-2020/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=StyleCaster|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204116/https://stylecaster.com/bella-hadid-nyfw-runway-looks-2020/}}</ref> Ọ gakwara ụkwụ maka mkpọsa Fall Fall Marc Jacobs. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid Transforms Into "Mrs. Robinson" on the Marc Jacobs Runway|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-marc-jacobs-fall-2020-runway-hair-mrs-robinson-transformation|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Vogue|date=February 12, 2020|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212046/https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-marc-jacobs-fall-2020-runway-hair-mrs-robinson-transformation}}</ref> Na Paris, ọ gara Thierry Mugler na Lanvin . Na Milan, ọ jere ije maka Boss, Missoni, Versace, Tod's, Moschino, Fendi, Max Mara na Alberta Ferretti. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-26|title=Bella Hadid's Nearly Naked Runway Look Is an Optical Illusion|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/pictures/bella-hadids-best-runway-looks-pics-w465517/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Us Weekly|language=en-US|archivedate=June 23, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623144020/https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/pictures/bella-hadids-best-runway-looks-pics-w465517/}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na mkpuchi nke ''Vogue Hong Kong'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid Vogue Hong Kong February 2020 Cover Story|url=https://www.voguehk.com/en/article/fashion/bella-hadid-february-2020-cover/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Vogue Hong Kong|date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204155/https://www.voguehk.com/en/article/fashion/bella-hadid-february-2020-cover/}}</ref> N'April, ọ pụtara na mkpuchi nke ''Vogue Korea'' na ''Vogue Greece'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-31|title=Bella Hadid Turns Up the Heat for Vogue Korea|url=https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/editorial/bella-hadid-vogue-korea-cover/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Fashion Gone Rogue|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204434/https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/editorial/bella-hadid-vogue-korea-cover/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid covers Vogue Greece April 2020 by Chris Colls - fashionotography|date=April 27, 2020|url=https://www.fashionotography.com/bella-hadid-covers-vogue-greece-april-2020-by-chris-colls/|accessdate=2021-06-24|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205103/https://www.fashionotography.com/bella-hadid-covers-vogue-greece-april-2020-by-chris-colls/}}</ref> Na June, ọ pụtara na mkpuchi nke ''Vogue Paris'', ya na nwanne ya nwanyị, Gigi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gigi and Bella Hadid cover the May/June 2020 edition of Vogue Paris, a fashion special|url=https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/article/gigi-bella-hadid-cover-may-june-2020-edition-vogue-paris-fashion-special-magazine|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Vogue Paris|date=May 2020|language=fr-FR|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204951/https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/article/gigi-bella-hadid-cover-may-june-2020-edition-vogue-paris-fashion-special-magazine}}</ref> Na August, ọ starred na cover nke ''Elle'' . Ọ bụ nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya gbara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hadid|first=Gigi|date=2020-08-03|title=Bella Hadid, Live From Quarantine|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a33395218/bella-hadid-interview/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Elle|language=en-US|archivedate=June 28, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628203503/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a33395218/bella-hadid-interview/}}</ref> Na Septemba, ọ pụtara na mkpuchi nke ''Vogue Italia'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-31|title=Bella Hadid {{!}} Vogue Italia September 2020|url=https://www.imgmodels.com/news/bella-hadid-vogue-italia-september-2020|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=IMG Models|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211140/https://www.imgmodels.com/news/bella-hadid-vogue-italia-september-2020}}</ref> Na Disemba, ọ gbara egwu maka mkpuchi nke ''Vogue Japan'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-21|title=Bella Hadid {{!}} Vogue Japan December 2020|url=https://www.imgmodels.com/news/bella-hadid-vogue-japan-december-2020|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=IMG Models|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205050/https://www.imgmodels.com/news/bella-hadid-vogue-japan-december-2020}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2021, Hadid jere ije maka mkpọsa ọdịda nke Givenchy. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spring Summer 2021 Campaign by Matthew M. Williams {{!}} GIVENCHY Paris|url=https://www.givenchy.com/us/en-US/mmw-ss21campaign.html|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=www.givenchy.com|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204555/https://www.givenchy.com/us/en-US/mmw-ss21campaign.html}}</ref> N'ọnwa Maachị, ọ jere ije maka mkpọsa mebere nke Mugler's Spring/Summer wee pụta na mkpọsa Boss x Russell Athletics. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Socha|first=Miles|date=2021-03-31|title=Mugler RTW Spring 2021|url=https://wwd.com/runway/fall-ready-to-wear-2021/paris/mugler/review/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=WWD|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203834/https://wwd.com/runway/fall-ready-to-wear-2021/paris/mugler/review/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=Boss Goes Off-Court with Bella Hadid, Lucky Blue Smith, and More for New Collaboration|url=https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/boss-russell-athletic-collaborative-collection-basketball|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=www.lofficielusa.com|language=en-US|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211634/https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/boss-russell-athletic-collaborative-collection-basketball}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na mkpuchi nke ''Vogue España'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid covers Vogue Spain March 2021 by Micaiah Carter - fashionotography|date=March 24, 2021|url=https://www.fashionotography.com/bella-hadid-covers-vogue-spain-march-2021-by-micaiah-carter/|accessdate=2021-06-24|language=en-US|archivedate=June 23, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623151811/https://www.fashionotography.com/bella-hadid-covers-vogue-spain-march-2021-by-micaiah-carter/}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee, ọ jere ije maka ihe ngosi AW21 nke Versace. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Murray|first=Daisy|date=2021-03-05|title=Gigi Hadid Makes Her Big Return To The Runway In A Crop Top With Sister Bella At Versace|url=https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a35736031/gigi-bella-hadid-versace/|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=Elle|language=en-GB|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203733/https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a35736031/gigi-bella-hadid-versace/}}</ref> Na June, n'oge Paris Fashion Week, ọ jere ije maka ihe ngosi Jacquemus, "La Montagne". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendall and Bella Reunite in Coordinating Street Style|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/kendall-jenner-bella-hadid-midriff-matching|accessdate=2021-07-01|work=W|date=June 30, 2021|language=en|archivedate=July 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702011317/https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/kendall-jenner-bella-hadid-midriff-matching}}</ref> Na July na Cannes Film Festival, ya Maison Schiaparelli haute couture uwe mwụda na-egbutu ala na mbara iji kpughee obi ya efu dọtara nnukwu mkpuchi. <ref>{{Cite web|author=LeGardye|first=Quinci|date=2021-07-11|title=Bella Hadid Stuns in a Dramatic Schiaparelli Gown at Cannes Premiere|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a36991892/bella-hadid-cannes-schiaparelli-couture-gown/|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=Harper's BAZAAR|language=en-US|archivedate=July 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712024615/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a36991892/bella-hadid-cannes-schiaparelli-couture-gown/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-11|title=Bella Hadid's jaw-dropping topless red carpet outfit|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-style/red-carpet/bella-hadids-jawdropping-latest-cannes-outfit/news-story/1f00498d034ccf1600fdf86eb702f496|accessdate=2021-07-12|work=NewsComAu|language=en|archivedate=July 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712024616/https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-style/red-carpet/bella-hadids-jawdropping-latest-cannes-outfit/news-story/1f00498d034ccf1600fdf86eb702f496}}</ref> N'izu ejiji nke Paris 2022, Hadid mechiri ihe ngosi Coperni's Spring 2023 site na iji teknụzụ Fabrican fesa uwe mwụda na ahụ ya ozugbo. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-30|title=Bella Hadid Has Her Coperni Dress Spray-Painted on Live on the Runway|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-spray-dress-coperni|accessdate=2022-10-03|work=Vogue|language=en-US|archivedate=October 3, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003145217/https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-spray-dress-coperni}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Parker • •|first=Ashley Joy|title=Bella Hadid Gets a Dress Spray-Painted on Her Body for Paris Fashion Week|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bella-hadid-gets-a-dress-spray-painted-on-her-body-for-paris-fashion-week/3889795/|accessdate=2022-11-02|work=NBC New York|date=October 2022|language=en-US|archivedate=November 2, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102115142/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bella-hadid-gets-a-dress-spray-painted-on-her-body-for-paris-fashion-week/3889795/}}</ref> Na Septemba 1, 2021, Hadid ghọrọ onye ngalaba-nchoputa na onye ọchụnta ego nke Kin Euphorics, akara mmanya na-eme mgbanwe na-adịghị egbu egbu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=LeGardye|first=Quinci|date=2021-09-03|title=Bella Hadid Gets into the (Nonalcoholic) Drink Business|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a37466263/bella-hadid-partner-wellness-drink-kin/|accessdate=2021-09-04|work=Harper's BAZAAR|language=en-US|archivedate=September 4, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904022552/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a37466263/bella-hadid-partner-wellness-drink-kin/}}</ref> Ọ na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'akụkụ onye isi ya na onye nchoputa Jen Batchelor. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-01|title=Bella Hadid Has a New Job: Cofounder of Kin Euphorics|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-kin-euphorics|accessdate=2021-09-04|work=Vogue|language=en-US|archivedate=September 4, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904022544/https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-kin-euphorics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid as Co-Founder of Kin Euphorics|url=https://vmagazine.com/article/bella-hadid-as-co-founder-of-kin-euphorics/|accessdate=2021-09-04|work=V|date=September 2, 2021|archivedate=September 4, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904022544/https://vmagazine.com/article/bella-hadid-as-co-founder-of-kin-euphorics/}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị, Hadid gbapụrụ ụdị uwe o mepụtara n'ụlọ n'oge mkpọchi COVID-19, yana ego niile a na-enweta na-aga n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ogige ikike gị na nri America. <ref>{{Cite web|author=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|url=https://www.cosmopolitanme.com/celebs/bella-hadid-is-launching-her-own-clothing-collection-for-blm|title=Bella Hadid is launching her own clothing collection with all proceeds going to charities that support BLM|date=27 July 2020|accessdate=11 November 2020|archivedate=November 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118005032/https://www.cosmopolitanme.com/celebs/bella-hadid-is-launching-her-own-clothing-collection-for-blm}}</ref> N'August, na-esote mgbawa na Beirut, Lebanon, ọ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-enye onyinye enyemaka iri na atọ na Lebanon. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Liviu|author=Marica|url=https://www.the961.com/bella-hadid-donating-charities-lebanon/|title=Bella Hadid Is Donating To 13 Charities in Lebanon|date=13 August 2020|accessdate=11 November 2020|archivedate=November 17, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117122354/https://www.the961.com/bella-hadid-donating-charities-lebanon/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/celebrities/news/a33559000/bella-hadid-donates-beirut/|title=Bella Hadid donates to Beirut following deadly explosion|date=10 August 2020|accessdate=23 November 2020|archivedate=January 16, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116101452/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/celebrities/news/a33559000/bella-hadid-donates-beirut/}}</ref> N'ọnwa Septemba, Hadid nyere ụfọdụ uwe ya n'ahịa a na-ere n'akụkụ ámá na Brooklyn nke baara ndị otu dị ka Abundant Beginnings Collective na Brooklyn Supported Agriculture. <ref>{{Cite web|author=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-brooklyn-sale-jean-paul-gaultier|title=Bella Hadid Donates Her Clothes to a Sidewalk Sale In Brooklyn|date=28 September 2020|accessdate=11 November 2020|archivedate=November 23, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123002921/https://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-brooklyn-sale-jean-paul-gaultier}}</ref> On July 22, 2014, Hadid was arrested and charged with a DUI.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/562167/yolandafoster-s-17-year-old-daughter-bella-hadid-arrested-for-dui|title=Yolanda Foster's 17-Year-Old Daughter Bella Hadid Arrested for DUI|author=Nessif|first=Bruna|date=July 22, 2014|accessdate=December 9, 2015}}</ref> Her driver's license was suspended for one year and she was given six months of probation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/605525/yolanda-foster-opens-up-about-bella-hadid-s-shocking-and-disappointing-dui-arrest|title=Yolanda Foster Opens Up About Daughter Bella Hadid's "Shocking and Disappointing" DUI Arrest|author=Vulpo|first=Mike|date=December 10, 2014|accessdate=December 9, 2015}}</ref> Hadid was also ordered to perform 25 hours of community service and attend 20 hours of Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Site na Eprel 2015 ruo Ọgọst 2019, Hadid nọ na mmekọrịta na-aga n'ihu ọzọ na onye na-agụ egwú Canada bụ The Weeknd . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a31091/bella-hadid-19th-birthday/|title=Bella Hadid Spends Her Birthday Weekend With The Weeknd|first=Sarah|author=Lindig|work=ELLE|date=October 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011190536/http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a31091/bella-hadid-19th-birthday/|archivedate=October 11, 2015|accessdate=October 17, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a28625896/bella-hadid-the-weeknd-breakup-2019-reason/|title=Why Bella Hadid and The Weeknd Reportedly Broke Up for the Second Time|work=Elle|date=August 6, 2019|accessdate=August 6, 2019|archivedate=July 7, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707041903/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a28625896/bella-hadid-the-weeknd-breakup-2019-reason/}}</ref> Ọ gbara na vidiyo egwu maka otu ya " N'abalị " na Disemba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kimble|first=Lindsay|date=December 9, 2015|title=The Weeknd Gets Rescued by Real-life Girlfriend Bella Hadid in Sexy New Video for "In the Night"|url=https://people.com/celebrity/bella-hadid-in-the-weeknds-in-the-night-video/|accessdate=2022-05-22|work=PEOPLE.com|language=en|archivedate=May 22, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135837/https://people.com/celebrity/bella-hadid-in-the-weeknds-in-the-night-video/}}</ref> Mmekọrịta ha nwetara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi zuru ebe niile, ma bụrụ isiokwu nke ịkọ nkọ tabloid . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Walsh|first=Savannah|date=2021-02-06|title=Bella Hadid and The Weeknd's Complete Relationship Timeline, Through Every Breakup and Reconciliation|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a29122950/bella-hadid-the-weeknd-relationship-timeline/|accessdate=2022-05-23|work=ELLE|language=en-US|archivedate=May 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523021108/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a29122950/bella-hadid-the-weeknd-relationship-timeline/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-05|title=The Weeknd Seems to Beg Bella Hadid For Forgiveness in His Hit Song "After Hours"|url=https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/celebrity-couples/a31002379/the-weeknd-new-song-after-hours-lyrics-bella-hadid/|accessdate=2022-05-23|work=Seventeen|language=en-us|archivedate=May 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523021854/https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/celebrity-couples/a31002379/the-weeknd-new-song-after-hours-lyrics-bella-hadid/}}</ref> Na Julaị 2020, Hadid malitere mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị onye isi nka Marc Kalman. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid Seemingly Confirms New Relationship with Mystery Man on Instagram|url=https://people.com/style/bella-hadid-seemingly-confirms-relationship-with-marc-kalman/|accessdate=2021-07-10|work=PEOPLE.com|language=en|archivedate=July 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710023434/https://people.com/style/bella-hadid-seemingly-confirms-relationship-with-marc-kalman/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Burgos|first=Jenzia|date=2021-07-08|title=Bella Hadid Just Went Instagram Official With Her New Boyfriend—& He's Friends With Travis Scott|url=https://stylecaster.com/bella-hadid-boyfriend/|accessdate=2021-07-10|work=StyleCaster|language=en-US|archivedate=July 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710023435/https://stylecaster.com/bella-hadid-boyfriend/}}</ref> Emere mmekọrịta ha n'ihu ọha na July 8, 2021, n'oge ya na Paris Fashion Week na Cannes Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid Seemingly Confirms That She Has A New Boyfriend|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/bella-hadid-marc-kalman-instagram|accessdate=2021-07-10|work=W Magazine|date=July 8, 2021|language=en|archivedate=July 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710023433/https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/bella-hadid-marc-kalman-instagram}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bailey|first=Alyssa|date=2021-07-09|title=All About Marc Kalman, Bella Hadid's Boyfriend She Posted on Instagram|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a36971648/who-is-marc-kalman-bella-hadid-boyfriend/|accessdate=2021-07-10|work=ELLE|language=en-US|archivedate=July 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710003951/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a36971648/who-is-marc-kalman-bella-hadid-boyfriend/}}</ref> Na Julaị 2023, ekpughere na di na nwunye ahụ kewapụrụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, mgbe afọ atọ nke mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị gachara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/bella-hadid-and-marc-kalman-break-up-after-two-years-of-dating-it-ran-its-course-exclusive-208309|title=Bella Hadid and Marc Kalman Break Up After Two Years of Dating: 'It Ran Its Course' (Exclusive)|author=Melendez|first=Miguel A.|work=etonline.com|publisher=CBS Studios Inc. and CBS Interactive Inc.|accessdate=July 18, 2023|archivedate=July 19, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719180644/https://www.etonline.com/bella-hadid-and-marc-kalman-break-up-after-two-years-of-dating-it-ran-its-course-exclusive-208309}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2017, Hadid gara njem njem "Enweghị Ban, Enweghị Mgbidi" na New York City, na-ekwu na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ezinụlọ nke ya mere ka ọ banye na njem ahụ: "M si n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche. enweela m ahụmịhe dị egwu n'ụwa niile… amụtala m na anyị niile bụ naanị mmadụ, na anyị niile kwesịrị ịkwanyere anyị ùgwù na obiọma. Ọ dịghị mma." <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/a42682/bella-hadid-protest-interview/|title=Bella Hadid on DKNY and Protesting in New York City|date=February 6, 2017|work=ELLE|accessdate=March 25, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Na Disemba 8, Hadid sonyeere ngagharị iwe na [[London]] megide mkpebi Trump ịkwaga ụlọ ọrụ nnọchite anya US na Israel wee mata Jerusalem dị ka isi obodo Israel . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bella Hadid Stopped by an Anti-Trump Protest in Red Carpet Gown|url=https://people.com/style/bella-hadid-stopped-by-an-anti-trump-protest-still-dressed-in-her-red-carpet-gown/|accessdate=2021-06-18|work=PEOPLE.com|language=en|archivedate=May 9, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509044132/https://people.com/style/bella-hadid-stopped-by-an-anti-trump-protest-still-dressed-in-her-red-carpet-gown/}}</ref> Na March 2016, Hadid meriri "Model of the Year" na ''Daily Front Row'' ' s Fashion Los Angeles Awards. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Weeknd Supports GF Bella Hadid As She Wins Model Of The Year|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/21/bella-hadid-model-of-the-year_n_9518088.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529080029/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/21/bella-hadid-model-of-the-year_n_9518088.html|archivedate=May 29, 2016|accessdate=May 31, 2016|work=The Huffington Post|date=March 21, 2016}}</ref> Na June 2016, Hadid họọrọ n'etiti Models.com's Top 50 Models. N'ọnwa Septemba, ọ meriri "Model of the Year" na GQ Men of the Year Awards na London. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Graduates: Bella Hadid {{!}} models.com MDX|url=http://models.com/mdx/the-graduates-bella-hadid/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703154530/http://models.com/mdx/the-graduates-bella-hadid/|archivedate=July 3, 2016|accessdate=June 30, 2016|work=models.com}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba, Models.com họpụtara Hadid maka onyinye Nhọrọ nke Reader maka "Model of the Year" na "Social Media Star of the Year". Ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ họpụtara ya "Model of the Year". <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=Model of the Year Awards 2016 {{!}} models.com MDX|url=https://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-awards-2016/|accessdate=December 22, 2016|work=models.com|archivedate=July 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729155209/https://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-awards-2016/}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Type !Award !Result |- |2015 |Models.com Industry Awards |Break Out Star: Women (Reader's Choice) | {{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-awards-2015/#breakoutwomen|title=Model of the Year Awards 2015 MDX|website=models.com|access-date=March 30, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331032747/http://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-awards-2015/#breakoutwomen|archive-date=March 31, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2016 |Second Annual Fashion Los Angeles Awards |Model of the Year | {{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Harwood|first=Erika|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2796629/bella-hadid-model-of-the-year/|title=Bella Hadid Just Earned A Huge Fashion Honor|publisher=[[MTV]]|date=March 21, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322115138/http://www.mtv.com/news/2796629/bella-hadid-model-of-the-year/|archive-date=March 22, 2016|df=mdy-all|accessdate=October 29, 2023|archivedate=March 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322115138/http://www.mtv.com/news/2796629/bella-hadid-model-of-the-year/}}</ref> |- |GQ Men of the Year Awards |Model of the Year | {{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/bella-hadid-hugo-boss-model-of-the-year-gq-men-of-the-year-2016|title=Bella Hadid wins Hugo Boss Model of the Year 2016|website=gq-magazine.co.uk|date=September 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913203000/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/bella-hadid-hugo-boss-model-of-the-year-gq-men-of-the-year-2016|archive-date=September 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |British Fashion Awards |International Model of the Year |{{Nom}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/news/a18400/british-fashion-award-nominees-2016/|title=Gigi and Bella Hadid Will Compete for 2016 International Model of the Year Award|date=October 25, 2016|newspaper=Harper's BAZAAR|access-date=October 31, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150759/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/news/a18400/british-fashion-award-nominees-2016/|archive-date=October 31, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |Models.com Industry Awards |Model of the Year: Women (Industry's Choice) |{{Won}}<ref name="auto1"/> |- |Model of the Year: Women (Reader's Choice) |{{Nom}}<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://models.com/rankings/voting/2016/readerschoice.html|title=Models.com 2016 Readers' Choice Awards vote|website=models.com|access-date=December 21, 2016|archive-date=July 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729155209/https://models.com/rankings/voting/2016/readerschoice.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |Social Media Star of the Year: Women (Reader's Choice) |{{Nom}}<ref name="auto2"/> |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- | |''Keeping Up With the Kardashians'' | rowspan="3" |Herself | |- |2011–2016 |''Real Housewives of Beverly Hills'' | |- |2018 |''Making a Model with Yolanda Hadid'' | |- |2022 |''Ramy'' |Lena |2 episodes |} {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ihe nkiri ! Mmepụta ! Ọrụ |- | 2015 | Ntuziaka Bella Hadid na LA | iD | Onwe ya |- | 2016 | Nkeonwe | Tyler Ford | Enweghị aha / Onwe ya |- | 2017 | Ịla n'ụlọ na Bella Hadid | W Magazine | Onwe ya |} {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ihe nkiri ! Nkọwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2016 | "The Backstage" | N'azụ ihe ngosi nke ihe ngosi ejiji Dior Cruise F/W16, ya na Peter Phillips. |- | "Ụbọchị ahụ" | Rouge Dior mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. |- | "The Party" | Hadid na-egosi onye ndu ya maka otu abalị. |- | rowspan="5" | 2017 | "The elevator" | Diorskin Forever Perfect Cushion mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. |- | "Okwu etemeete" | Dior S/S17 Agba nkuzi mkpokọta gradient, ya na Peter Phillips. |- | "Oge oku" | Mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ọhaneze Uru Backstage. |- | "Onye nri abalị" | Dior Addict Lacquer lipstick mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dior.com/beauty/en_gb/minisite/th/dior_addict_lacquer_stick.html|title=Fragrances, make up, cosmetics, and skin care by Christian Dior|work=Dior|language=en-GB|accessdate=July 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616174125/http://www.dior.com/beauty/en_gb/minisite/th/dior_addict_lacquer_stick.html|archivedate=June 16, 2017}}</ref> |- | "Tattoo" | Dior Addict egbugbere ọnụ igbu egbugbu mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dior.com/beauty/en_int/parfum-beaute/maquillage/ds-discover-dior-addict-lip-tattoo.html|title=Discover Dior|work=www.dior.com|accessdate=July 25, 2017|archivedate=August 7, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807141649/https://www.dior.com/beauty/en_int/parfum-beaute/maquillage/ds-discover-dior-addict-lip-tattoo.html}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Afọ ! Onye na-ese ihe ! Aha |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | rowspan="2" | Jesse Jo Stark | Gbadaa mmiri gị <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadidsnews.com/post/101788681606/bella-hadid-for-jesse-jo-starks-music-video-down|title=Hadid News|work=hadidsnews.com|accessdate=April 5, 2016|archivedate=June 27, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192253/http://hadidsnews.com/post/101788681606/bella-hadid-for-jesse-jo-starks-music-video-down}}</ref> |- | Lovehụnanya nwa |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | Izu ụka | N'abalị <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/article/bella-hadid-stars-in-the-weeknds-new-music-video|title=The Weeknd Gets Rescued by Real-life Girlfriend Bella Hadid in Sexy New Video for "In the Night"|work=PEOPLE.com|accessdate=April 5, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417093101/http://www.people.com/article/bella-hadid-stars-in-the-weeknds-new-music-video|archivedate=April 17, 2016}}</ref> |- | Belly ft. Izu ụka | Nwere ike ọ gaghị (pụtara) |} == Ntụaka == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hadid, Bella}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lhjiomagziq8ahs2vskgldcarvmnrf9 0 34171 743824 742319 2026-11-07T19:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bassam Talhouni''' ({{lang-ar|بسام التلهوني}}; born 1964) is a Jordanian lawyer, academic and politician. He served as industry minister. Between August 2013 and September 2016 he was minister of justice. Talhouni jere ozi dị ka minista ikpe na ụlọ ọrụ Bisher Al-Khasawneh. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jordan's Justice, Interior Ministers Resign|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2832811/jordans-justice-interior-ministers-resign|accessdate=2021-04-06|work=Asharq AL-awsat|language=en}}</ref> gbara arụkwaghịm na Samir Mobeideen na 28 Febụwarị 2021 n'ihi mmebi mkpọchi na ọrịa COVID-19 na Jọdan. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref name="aea">{{Cite web|title=List of attorneys|url=https://photos.state.gov/libraries/jordan/231771/PDFs/List%20of%20Attorneys%20-%20June%202012.pdf|work=American Embassy Amman|accessdate=25 August 2013|archivedate=30 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154206/https://photos.state.gov/libraries/jordan/231771/PDFs/List}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''American Embassy Amman''. Archived from <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> mụrụ Talhouni na Amman na 1964. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na nzere masta na Mahadum Jọdan . <ref name="aea" /> <ref name="midg">{{Cite web|title=Attorney Profiles|url=http://www.midglobe.com/index.php?Itemid=47&id=28&option=com_content&task=view|work=MidGlobe|accessdate=25 August 2013|archivedate=30 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233412/http://www.midglobe.com/index.php?Itemid=47&id=28&option=com_content&task=view}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''MidGlobe''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> nwekwara PhD na iwu site na Mahadum Edinburgh nke ọ nwetara na 1997. [1] == Ọrụ == Talhouni debanyere aha <ref name="midg"/> Jordan Bar Association na 1988 ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na Amman. <ref name="aea"/> <ref name="jtim">{{Cite news|title=Profiles of New Ministers|url=http://jordantimes.com/uploads/downloads/2ff98a350023ffc0dee8870e6fcab62a3629a4d3.pdf|accessdate=25 August 2013|work=Jordan Times|archive-date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822152915/http://jordantimes.com/uploads/downloads/2ff98a350023ffc0dee8870e6fcab62a3629a4d3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> bụ osote prọfesọ na ngalaba iwu nke Mahadum nke Jọdan. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Foreign investments rise by 7.8 per cent in 2010|url=http://www.aci.org.jo/development/en/news_details.php?NEWS_ID=16123&page=5|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130825144625/http://www.aci.org.jo/development/en/news_details.php?NEWS_ID=16123&page=5|archivedate=25 August 2013|work=Amman Chamber of Commerce|accessdate=25 August 2013|date=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="jtim" /> rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu na ngalaba iwu na ikpe ziri ezi n'ime kọmitii na-ahụ maka atụmatụ mba na onye na-ahụ Maka ụlọ ọrụ. <ref name="midg" /> bụ onye otu Arab Society for Intellectual Property (ASIP). [1] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jordan PM reshuffles cabinet ahead of local elections|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/jordan-pm-reshuffles-cabinet-ahead-of-local-elections|accessdate=19 October 2013|work=The National|date=22 August 2013|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020112052/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/jordan-pm-reshuffles-cabinet-ahead-of-local-elections|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Gov't reshuffle sees 13 ministers in, five out|url=http://jordantimes.com/article/govt-reshuffle-sees-13-ministers-in-five-out|accessdate=25 August 2013|work=The Jordan Times|author=Hani Hazaimeh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024045907/http://jordantimes.com/article/govt-reshuffle-sees-13-ministers-in-five-out|archive-date=24 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ minista ikpe ziri ezi na kansụl nke Praịm Minista Abdullah Ensour duziri. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Omar Obeidat|url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-government-takes-oath-office-king|title=Mulki's government takes oath of office before King|publisher=The Jordan Times|date=2 June 2016|accessdate=18 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110021540/http://jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-government-takes-oath-office-king|archive-date=10 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> nọgidere na kọmitii Hani Al-Mulki gosipụtara na June 2016. [1] Ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ ya na mgbanwe nke kansụl na 29 Septemba 2016, [[Awad Mashagbeh]] nọchiri ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Omar Obeidat|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-new-government-sworn|title=Mulki's new government sworn in|publisher=The Jordan Times|date=29 September 2016|accessdate=9 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133910/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/mulki%E2%80%99s-new-government-sworn|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> họpụtara Talhouni ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}t [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Talhouni, Bassam}} 3vmg3oqx3mv4pkx0csiawjh4hd34ts4 0 34552 743866 144397 2026-11-08T05:18:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Driss Ben-Sari|Driss Ben-Sari]]''' <small>[[w:African Academy of Sciences|FAAS]] [[w:The World Academy of Sciences|FTWAS]]</small> ({{Lang-ar|إدريس بن صاري}}, amụrụ 1942) bụ ọkammụta mba Morocco na isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Geophysics]] na ngalaba [[w:|Civil Engineering]] na [[w:|Mahadum Mohammed V]] dị na Rabat. === Ndụ na Ọrụ Ya === Amụrụ Ben-Sari na [[w:|Taza]], mba Morocco n'afọ 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-06 |title=COP22 و حاجة تازة إلى الدكتور إدريس بنصاري |url=https://ajialpress.com/2016/12/cop22-%d9%88-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=أجيال بريس |language=ar}}</ref> O nwetara nzere mbụ ya n'ihi ọmụmụ [[w:|Geographical Sciences]] site n'ụlọ ọrụ [[w:|National Institute of Geography]] dị na France n'afọ 1965. O nwetara nzere M.Sc ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Applied Geophysics]] site na [[w:|French Institute of Petroleum]], tupu ọ mechaa mezuo ma nweta nzere Ph.D ya n'isi ọmụmụ Sayensị ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya na [[w:University of Grenoble|Mahadum Grenoble]] n'afọ 1977.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Final Report of Training Course |url=https://open.unido.org/api/documents/4808748/download/FINAL%20REPORT.%20(TRAINING%20COURSE%20ON%20PREDICTIVE%20MODELLING%20OF%20ENVIRONMENTAL%20IMPACT%20OF%20INDUSTRIAL%20DEVELOPMENT%20IN%20URBAN-COASTAL%20AREAS)%20(21962.en) |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123222707/https://open.unido.org/api/documents/4808748/download/FINAL%20REPORT.%20(TRAINING%20COURSE%20ON%20PREDICTIVE%20MODELLING%20OF%20ENVIRONMENTAL%20IMPACT%20OF%20INDUSTRIAL%20DEVELOPMENT%20IN%20URBAN-COASTAL%20AREAS)%20(21962.en) }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Alaoui |first=Hassan |date=2015-07-03 |title=Driss Bensari à cœur ouvert |url=https://maroc-diplomatique.net/driss-bensari-a-coeur-ouvert/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Maroc Diplomatique |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ben-Sari mèchàrà laghachi Morocco, wee bụrụ ọkammụta n'isi ọmụmụ Geophysics na ngalaba Civil Engineering nke [[w:|Mohammadia School of Engineering]], Mahadum Mohammed V, Rabat kemgbe afọ 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tahayt |first1=A. |last2=Feigl |first2=K. L. |last3=Mourabit |first3=T. |last4=Rigo |first4=A. |last5=Reilinger |first5=R. |last6=McClusky |first6=S. |last7=Fadil |first7=A. |last8=Berthier |first8=E. |last9=Dorbath |first9=L. |last10=Serroukh |first10=M. |last11=Gomez |first11=F. |last12=Ben Sari |first12=D. |date=2009-02-16 |title=The Al Hoceima (Morocco) earthquake of 24 February 2004, analysis and interpretation of data from ENVISAT ASAR and SPOT5 validated by ground-based observations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425708003179 |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |language=en |volume=113 |issue=2 |pages=306–316 |doi=10.1016/j.rse.2008.09.015 |issn=0034-4257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bernal |first=Alberto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZecbDgc93hcC&dq=%22Driss+Bensari%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA7057 |title=Earthquake Engineering: Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 19-24 July, 1992, Madrid, Spain |date=1992-01-01 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-5410-060-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scopus preview - Ben Sari, Driss - Author details - Scopus |url=https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16067948700 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.scopus.com}}</ref> Ben-Sari jere ozi dịka onye nchịkwa nke ụlọ ọrụ [[w:|International Centre of Sciences and High Technology]], na onye isi oche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ [[w:|Moroccan Institute of Astronomy]], ụlọ ọrụ [[w:|National alert network for earthquakes]], nakwa ụlọ ọrụ [[w:|National Centre for Research and Planning of Science]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Research |first=European Organization for Nuclear |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4LvAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Driss+Bensari%22+-wikipedia |title=Annual Report - European Organization for Nuclear Research |date=1992 |publisher=CERN |language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye òtù [[w:|Society for Technical Communication]], [[w:|International Council for Science]], na [[w:|Independent World Commission on the Ocean]]. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ben-Sari Driss {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/ben-sari-driss |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www.aasciences.africa |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123222131/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/ben-sari-driss }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhatoo : التنبؤ بالكوارث الطبيعية والبيئية والوقاية منها : دراسة للحالة في المغرب |url=http://www.abhatoo.net.ma/page-principale/node_41870/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/node_41872/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9/node_52840 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.abhatoo.net.ma |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226035257/http://www.abhatoo.net.ma/page-principale/node_41870/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/node_41872/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9/node_52840 |archive-date=2025-02-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ben-Sari bipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta ya: ''Vivid memories'' ({{Lang-fr|Mémoires Vives}})'', testimonies and experiences of a lifetime''. === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === A họpụtara Ben-Sari dịka onye òtù [[w:|African Academy of Sciences (FAAS)]] n'afọ 1987,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Ben-Sari Driss {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/ben-sari-driss |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.aasciences.africa |accessdate=2023-12-07 |archivedate=2022-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123222131/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/ben-sari-driss }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sciences |first=African Academy of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JU8oAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Driss+Bensari%22+-wikipedia |title=Annual Report |date=1995 |publisher=The Academy |language=en}}</ref> and Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) in 1988.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ben Sari, Driss |url=https://twas.org/directory/ben-sari-driss |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=TWAS |language=en}}</ref> Ben-Sari natara ihe nrite [[w:|Scientific Grand Prize]] nke mba Morocco. === Edensibia === {{reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Category: Ndị òtù African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị òtù TWAS]] [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1942]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] j1o78jobz8kj31a0tcml0xc7icthaef 0 34565 743849 720708 2026-11-08T01:42:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Christopher Magadza|Christopher Magadza]]''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1939, na [[w:Burma Valley, Zimbabwe | Burma Valley]], Zimbabwe) bụ onye mba Zimbabwe gụrụ [[w:Limnology |Limnology]] na onye na-ede uri. O meela nnyocha na [[w:Planning and Management Models of Lakes and Reservoirs (PAMOLARE)]] dị ka ngwaọrụ iji buo ka amụma na ijikwa mgbanwe ndi na-eme na ọdọ mmiri gasị. Ọ bụ onye na-ede uri nke so n'ọgbọ nke ndị na-ede uri dị ukwuu mana ndị a na-amachaghị nke ọma, ndị nkà ha pụtara ihe site n'ụzọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-enweghi ndị zụrụ ha, nke a mụrụ site n'ijigidesi ike, mkpali mmụọ, nakwa ọchịchọ ijide ọnọdụ ọchịchị, ọha na eze, na nke onwe ha. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ma [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] na [[w:|Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences]]. ===Ndụ na Ọrụ Ya === === Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ Christopher Magadza n'ime obodo dị na mpaghara Chief Kaswa, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a [[w:Burma Valley, Zimbabwe | Burma Valley]], na [[w:Manicaland Province| Manicaland]], Zimbabwe n'afọ 1939. Ezinụlọ ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ n'otu ugbo ma ọ bụghị nke ha.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Wright |first=Derek |date=2014-05-13 |title=Olileanya bu nrọ teta: Magadza Research |url=https://hopeisawakingdream29.blogspot.com /2014/05/magadza-research.html | nweta-date=2023-04-07 | webụsaịtị = Olileanya bụ nrọ edemede | Archive-date=2023-04-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive .org/web/20230413155739/https://hopeisawakingdream29.blogspot.com/2014/05/magadza-research.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọ gara akwụkwọ na St Augustine's Mission, [[w:|Penhalonga]], dí nso na [[w:|Mutare]], ya na Fletcher High School dị na [[w:|Gweru]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Chris Magadza |url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/poets -poems/poets/poet/102-6529_Magadza |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.poetryinternational.com |asụsụ=nl |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web/20230413155802/https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-6529_Magadza |url-status=live }}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ nta ya, ọ chụrụ inweta nzere B.Sc na M.Sc na [[w:University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland| Mahadum Rhodesia na Nyasaland]]<ref name=":0" /> Magadza mechara ma nweta nzere Ph.D ya na [[w:|Mahadum Auckland]], New Zealand.<ref name=":0" /> n'isi ọmụmụ '''Limnology''' {{Scholia}} na Ngalaba Biology na [[w:|Mahadum Zimbabwe]], ebe ama ya ama nke ọma maka ọmụmụ gburugburu ebe obibi ya na ngalaba zoology na climatology.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Onye na-eme mgbanwe ndụ ndụ ndụ Chris Magadza on Abụ Zimbabwe na ụmụ akwụkwọ UZ na-agụghị akwụkwọ » Zimbabwe na-agụ |url=https://zimbabwereads.org/news/green-revolutionist-chris-magadza-on-zimbabwean-poetry-and-non-reading-uz-students/ |nweta -date=2023-04-07 |asụsụ=en-US |Archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155755/https://zimbabwereads.org/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2023-04-13 }}</ref> O meela nnyocha na Nlereanya Atụmatụ na njikwa nke Ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ(PAMOLARE) dị ka ngwá ọrụ na-ebu amụma na ijikwa mgbanwe na ọdọ mmiri.<ref name=":3" /> Magadza bụbu onye òtù [[w:|International Lake Environment Committee]] na [[w:|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gebrewold |first1=Belachew |url=https://books./ |title=Ịghọta Mkpebi Ndị Migrant: Site na Sub-Saharan Africa ruo na mpaghara Mediterranean |last2=Bloom |first2=Tendayi |ụbọchị=2016- |//web.archive.org/web/20230413155813/https://books.google.com/books?id=HqNTDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA77 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-07-31 |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731120516/https://books./ }}</ref ><ref>{{Cite webụ |title=IPCC - Ogwe gọọmentị etiti na mgbanwe ihu igwe |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/vol4/index.php?idp=16 |nweta-date=2023 -04-07 |webụsaịtị=archive.ipcc.ch |Archive-ụbọchị=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155757/https://archive.ipcc.ch/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-09 |archivedate=2023-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155757/https://archive.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/vol4/index.php?idp=16 }}</ref> onye merelakwa nchoputa gbasara mmiri dị n'ime ala na New Zealand, Zambia, na Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The power of digital media in wildlife conservation |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/the-power-of-digital-media-in-wildlife-conservation/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=The Herald |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155800/https://www.herald.co.zw/the-power-of-digital-media-in-wildlife-conservation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Programme |first=United Nations Environment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVauGYae-tEC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA397 |title=Global Environment Outlook: Environment for Development, GEO 4 |date=2007 |publisher=UNEP/Earthprint |isbn=978-92-807-2836-1 |language=en |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155808/https://books.google.com/books?id=WVauGYae-tEC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA397 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Magadza mere ka amata na ọkara mmiri niile a na-ewebata na [[w:|Harare]] bụ mamịrị emegharịrị emegharị n'ihi ụkọ mmiri mmadụ mere <ref>{{Cite web |last=Radio |first=Nehanda |date=2012-12-07 |title=Harare residents drinking urine |url=http://nehandaradio.com/2012/12/07/harare-residents-drinking-urine/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155746/https://nehandaradio.com/2012/12/07/harare-residents-drinking-urine/ |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-09 |archivedate=2023-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155746/https://nehandaradio.com/2012/12/07/harare-residents-drinking-urine/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Harare drinking water polluted - UZ |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-99733.html |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Bulawayo24 News |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155807/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-99733.html |url-status=live |accessdate=2023-12-09 |archivedate=2023-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155807/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-99733.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NewsDay |first=The |title=Multimedia:When water taps run dry |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/news/article/170879/multimediawhen-water-taps-run-dry |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=NewsDay |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155753/https://www.newsday.co.zw/news/article/170879/multimediawhen-water-taps-run-dry |url-status=live }}</ref> nke bụ akụkụ nke iyi egwu ala mmiri dị na mba niile <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-03 |title=Zimbabwe's Wetlands Threatened, as Illegal Development Goes Unpunished |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/zimbabwe/zimbabwes-wetlands-threatened-illegal-development-goes-unpunished/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203065132/https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/zimbabwe/zimbabwes-wetlands-threatened-illegal-development-goes-unpunished/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wetlands: Constructing ourselves out of water |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/wetlands-constructing-ourselves-out-of-water/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=The Herald |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155753/https://www.herald.co.zw/wetlands-constructing-ourselves-out-of-water/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2017, ọ kwadoro ka Zimbabwe machibido iji plastik mee ihe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe's styrofoam ban – DW – 10/02/2017 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/cleaning-up-zimbabwe-with-a-styrofoam-ban/a-40781948 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=dw.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155753/https://www.dw.com/en/cleaning-up-zimbabwe-with-a-styrofoam-ban/a-40781948 |url-status=live }}</ref> nke enyere ka ọ bụrụ iwu gbasara [[w:|Styrofoam]] na Jun nke otu afọ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe amachibidoro ihe eji eme ụfụfụ rọba iji chebe gburugburu |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/zimbabwe-ban-plastic-foam/3945349.html | nweta-date=2023 -04-07 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-03 |title=Jiri mmachibido Styrofoam na-asachapụ Zimbabwe |url=https:// mg.co.za/article/2017-10-03-cleaning-up-zimbabwe-with-a-styrofoam-ban/ | nweta-date=2023-04-07 | webụsaịtị = The Mail & Guardian | asụsụ = en- ZA | Archive-ụbọchị = 2022-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815182410/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-10-03-cleaning- up-zimbabwe-with-a-styrofoam-ban/ |url-status=live }}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na o sila na Mahadum Zimbabwe laa ezumike nka n'afọ 2007, ọ ka na-akụzi ihe. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmemme ezumike nka gacharala, gụnyere mweghachi nke [[Lake Chivero]]<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-02-18 |title=Onye omebe iwu chọrọ ibibi Long Cheng Plaza |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/parliament-parliament/legislator-wants-long-cheng-plaza-destroyed/ |nweta-date=2023-04-07 |webụsaịtị=Ozi Zimbabwe |asụsụ=en-GB |Archive-date=2022-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001022715/https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/parliament-parliament/legislator-wants-long-cheng |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-09 |archivedate=2022-10-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001022715/https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/parliament-parliament/legislator-wants-long-cheng-plaza-destroyed/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NewsDay |first=The |title=Ụjọ ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgbọ ọhụrụ adakwasị Harare |url=https://www.newsday/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-09 |archivedate=2013-08-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807025741/http://newsday/ }}</ref> na [[w:|Ọdọ Mmiri Kariba]],<ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Sicilia |first=Olga |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1aBb-TJ23u4C&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA8 |title=There Is No Such Thing As a Spirit in the Stone! Misrepresentations of Zimbabwean Stone Sculpture: An Anthropological Approach |date=August 2010 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=978-1-59942-711-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Theroux |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CfAxdzXM_oC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT194 |title=Fresh-air Fiend: Travel Writings, 1985-2000 |date=2011-08-04 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-241-95055-5 |language=en}}</ref> na iguzobe [[w:|Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve]] na ezinụlọ ụwa niile nke [[w:|UNESCO Biosphere Reserves]].<ref name=":0" /> Magadza ehiwela ọmụmụ ihe na ihe mejupụtara inorganic elements dị na ọ̀dọ́ mmiri ndị dị n'Africa,<ref name=":0" /> mmejupụta ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ázụ̀, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsiko |first=Sifelani |title=Zimbabwe: Lake Chivero - a Polluted Lake |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200701161086.html |website=allAfrica}}</ref> ịtụ ógó ọdịmma mmiri, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Redirect Notice |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/466959?ln=en&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjStfDmx5j-AhUrbKQEHVscAmIQFnoECAEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw38AFLYgcf5l-hV3QtmP4AN |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.google.com |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160326/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/466959?ln=en&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjStfDmx5j-AhUrbKQEHVscAmIQFnoECAEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw38AFLYgcf5l-hV3QtmP4AN |url-status=live }}</ref> na mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBcKcqJRmrQC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR14 |title=Toward Environmentally Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A World Bank Agenda |date=1996 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=978-0-8213-3599-4 |language=en |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160314/https://books.google.com/books?id=rBcKcqJRmrQC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR14 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJ0H12tCCXUC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA327 |title=Nationalism and African Intellectuals |date=2004 |publisher=University Rochester Press |isbn=978-1-58046-149-8 |language=en |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160316/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJ0H12tCCXUC&dq=%22Christopher+Magadza%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA327 |url-status=live }}</ref> Magadza bụ otu n'ime ndị malitere [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] n'afọ 1985 <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Magadza Christopher {{!}} The AAS |url=https:// www.aasciences.africa/fellow/magadza-christopher | nweta-date=2023-04-07 | webụsaịtị = www.aasciences.africa | Archive-date=2022-11-07 |archive-url=https://web. archive.org/web/20221107125907/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/magadza-christopher |url-status=live }}</ref> na osote onye isi oche ya site n'afọ 1987 ruo 1990.<ref>{{Cite webụ |name=Kọmitii Na-achị Isi {{!}} AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/governing-council |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.aasciences.africa |Archive -date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160353/https://www.aasciences.africa/governing-council |url-status=live |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2023-12-09 |archivedate=2023-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160353/https://www.aasciences.africa/governing-council }}</ref> === Ide Uri Ya === Magadza bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ uri <ref>{{Cite web | title=Nchịkọta uri ọhụrụ nke Christopher Magadza na Weebụ International Poetry {{!}} Ike Omenala | url=http://www.krachtvancultuur.nl/en | nweta-date=2023-04-07 | webụsaịtị=www.krachtvancultuur.nl | Archive-date=2023-04-13 | Archive-url=https://web.archive .org/web/20230413160304/http://www.krachtvancultuur.nl/en/current/2006/may/poetryweb.html | url-status=live | accessdate=2023-12-09 | archivedate=2012-01-25 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125025117/http://www.krachtvancultuur.nl/en }}</ref> mere ka amara ya dị ka olu pụtara ìhè na uri Zimbabwe .<ref name=":0" /> eji too ya maka iweghara ọnọdụ ọchịchị, ọha mmadụ, na nke onwe ya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Atụle uri Chris Magadza |url=https 2023-04-07 | Archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155808/https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/article/104-6527_The -Atụlere abụ-nke-Chris-Magadza |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Egwu kpaliri ndị agha |url=https://www.herald.co.zw / music-motivated-the-fighters/ | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-04-07 | webụsaịtị = The Herald | asụsụ = en | Archive-date = 2023-04-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive .org/web/20230413160308/https://www.herald.co.zw/music-motivated-the-fighters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Uri Magadza na-atụgharịkarị uche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okwu ọha mmadụ Zimbabwe, tinyere ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya na-ezo aka n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe ike nke mba ahụ ma mebie olileanya maka mgbanwe.<ref name=":3"/> Ọ bụ ezie na e nyeghị nkọwa kpọmkwem banyere nnabata uri dị egwu nke Magadza na nsonaazụ ọchụchọ, a na-achọpụta na e bipụtara ọrụ ya na Poetry International Web forum, ọ nọwokwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Nchịkọta uri ọhụrụ nke Christopher Magadza na Weebụ International Poetry {{!}} Ike Omenala | url=https://www.krachtvancultuur.nl/en/current/2006/may/poetryweb.html | Access-date=2023-04-07 | webụsaịtị=www.krachtvancultuur.nl | Archive-date=2023-04-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160333/https://www.krachtvancultuur/ | url-status=dead | accessdate=2023-12-09 | archivedate=2023-04-13 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413160333/https://www.krachtvancultuur.nl/en/current/2006/may/poetryweb.html }}</ref> Ọzọkwa, a kọwara Magadza dị ka onye nke ọgbọ ndị na-ede uri nke nkà ha pụtara "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ, nke a mụrụ site n'ike, na-akpali akpali. , na ọchịchọ ijide kpọmkwem ọnọdụ ọchịchị, ọha mmadụ, na nke onwe ha."<ref name=":1" /> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye ùgwù Ya === N'afọ 2007, e nyere Magadza ihe nrite [[w:2007 Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]] jikọrọ ọnụ na Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change na onye bụbu osote onye isi ala [[w:|Al Gore]] maka ọrụ ha na nyocha mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref name=" :0" /> Ọ bụ onye guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị nke Africa Academy of Sciences ya na [[w:|Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences]].<ref name=":2" /> === Edensibia === {{ Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magadza, Christopher}} [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1939]] [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category: Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Zimbabwe]] [[Category: Mahadum Zimbabwe]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Auckland]] [[Category: Ndị isi gọọmentị etiti na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe]] [[Category: Ndị ọkà mmụta ihu igwe]] [[Category: Ndị nchoputa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị nke Africa]] [[Category: Ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel Peace Prize]] e89i6i83xhqftagskess9m5t0wqnmcr 0 34566 743870 721016 2026-11-08T06:34:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Edemariam Tsega|Edemariam Tsega]]''' ({{Lang-amh|Edeማርያም gọga}}; 7 Julaị 1938 – 1 Jenụwarị 2018) bụ onye dibia bekee si mba [[w:Ethiopians|Ethiopia]] na onye nkuzi a na-ekwunyere na ọ bụ ya webatara ịgụ akwụkwọ gaa n'ihu nke ndị nweterela nzere mbụ ha n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Internal Medicine]] na Etiopia. === Ndụ na ọrụ Ya === === Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ Edemariam Tsega Teshale na 7 Julaị 1938, na [[w:|Gondar]], Etiopia <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Edemariam Tsega Obituary - Hamilton, ON |url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/hamilton-on/edemariam-tsega-7704798 |date=4 January 2018 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Dignity Memorial |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404151114/https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/hamilton-on/edemariam-tsega-7704798 |url-status=live }}</ref> nye Aleqa Tsega Teshalé, onye ọkachamara na [[w:Ethiopian Orthodox Church]] na onye isi nchụaja (Liqe Kahinat na [[w:|Amharic]]) nke mpaghara [[w:Begemder|Begemdir]] na [[w:Semien Province|Ógbè Simien]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Life History & Qineis of Liqe Kahnat Aleqa Tsega Teshale - 978-1-59-907131-2 - Biographies & Memoirs - Book Subjects - by Dr Edemariam Tsega |url=https://www.store.tsehaipublishers.com/product_info.php/biographies-memoirs/the-life-history-qineis-of-liqe-kahnat-aleqa-tsega-teshale-p-187 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=www.store.tsehaipublishers.com |archive-date=15 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615232000/https://www.store.tsehaipublishers.com/product_info.php/biographies-memoirs/the-life-history-qineis-of-liqe-kahnat-aleqa-tsega-teshale-p-187 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Yètèmegnu Mekonnen (1919–2013).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Nadifa |date=23 February 2018 |title=The Wife's Tale by Aida Edemariam review – portrait of a mother goddess |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/23/the-wifes-tale-aida-edemariam |access-date=6 April 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319201355/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/23/the-wifes-tale-aida-edemariam |url-status=live }}</ref> O nwetara nzere B.Sc ya n'afọ 1961 site na [[w:|Mahadum Addis Ababa]] na nzere [[w:|Doctor of Medicine (MDCM)]] ya n'afọ 1965 site na [[W:McGill University|Mahadum McGill]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Edemarim Tsega Pioneer in Medicine |url=http://www.ethiopiandoctors.org/2/post/2018/01/edemarim-tsega-pioneer-in-medicine.html |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Ethiopian Doctors |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407135445/https://www.ethiopiandoctors.org/articles/edemarim-tsega-pioneer-in-medicine |url-status=dead |accessdate=9 December 2023 |archivedate=7 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407135445/https://www.ethiopiandoctors.org/articles/edemarim-tsega-pioneer-in-medicine }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tsega Edemariam {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/tsega-edemariam |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=www.aasciences.africa |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404151118/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/tsega-edemariam |url-status=dead |accessdate=9 December 2023 |archivedate=4 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404151118/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/tsega-edemariam }}</ref> O wee mee njem gaa mba UK ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ wee gụchaa site n'Ụlọ akwụkwọ [[w:|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] n'afọ 1969. Tupu 1971, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka dọkịnta ka gụchara akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|internal medicine]], na ọzụzụ ngagharị ngagharị n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Gastroenterology]] n'ụlọ ọgwụ [[w:|Montreal General Hospital]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Siraj |first1=Elias S. |last2=Darge |first2=Kassa |last3=Tadesse |first3=Yewondwossen |date=2018 |title=Edemariam Tsega (1938 – 2018) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27026542 |journal=International Journal of Ethiopian Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=133–136 |jstor=27026542 |issn=1543-4133 |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406194638/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27026542 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ọrụ Ya === ==== Ịlaghachi Etiopia ==== N'afọ 1971, Tsega laghachiri Etiopia wee rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba ọgwụ na Mahadum Addis Ababa (AAU) dị ka onye isi ntụziaka ụlọ ọgwụ na onye dọkịnta ka gụchara akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ [[w:|Leul Mekonnen]] na [w:Haile Selassie | Haile Selassie]]. Mgbe e mesịrị, site n'afọ 1974 ruo afọ 1991, ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba [[w:Internal Medicine]] na Mahadum {{Abbreviation|AAU|Audis Ababa}}, wee sonye na ngalaba nke ọgwụ na {{Abbreviation|AAU|University Addis Ababa}} n'afọ 1972 ghọọ ọkammụta zuru okè n'afọ 1981, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Etiopia mbụ nwetara nke ahụ.<ref name=":6"/> N'oge ya, a họpụtara Tsega ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche [[w:|Faculty of Medicine Graduate Commission]] na onye òtù ọtụtụ kọmitii na {{Abbreviation|AAU|Mahadum Addis Ababa}} na Ministry n'ahụ maka Ahụike. Ọ bụ onye isi oche [[w:|Confederation of African Medical Associations and Societies]] n'etiti 1989 na 1990, <ref name=":0"/> ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke [[w:|Ethiopian Medical Association]] site na 1990 ruo 1993.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Edemariam Tsega |url=https://www.ethiopianmedicalass.org/team-members/prof-edemariam-tsega/ |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Ethiopian Medical Association |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404185655/https://www.ethiopianmedicalass.org/team-members/prof-edemariam-tsega/ |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 1991, o mezuru nnweta nzere PhD ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Virology]] site na [[w:Mahadum Lund]],<ref name=":6" /> e wee nye ya ihe nrite ịbụ onye òtù [[w:|Rockefeller Foundation Research Fellowship]] dịka Ọkammụta na-abịaru abịaru na Mahadum McGill. Ọ ghọkwara onye diplomate nke [[w:|American Board of Internal Medicine]].<ref name=":0"/> N'agbata 1992 na 1994, ọ bụ onye isi ngalaba nke ọgwụ, {{Abbreviation|AAU|Addis Ababa Mahadum}}.<ref name=":6" /> Tsega nwekwara ọtụtụ nhọpụta na ịbụ onye òtù na Ministry n'ahụ maka Ahụike n'Ethiopia, Kọmishọn n'ahụ maka Sayensị na Teknụzụ n'Ethiopia, Kọmishọn Ethiopia n'ahụ maka ọgụgụ akwụkwọ dị elu, na òtù ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ. Ruo afọ iri abụo na atọ, Tsega rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye [[w:Internal medicine |dọkịnta gụchara akwụkwọ ọhụrụ]] na onye gastroenterologist na-eme nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ sitere na enyemaka n'ụdị ego nke [[w:|Swedish Development Cooperation Agency]], Ngalaba nyocha na Mahadum Addis Ababa na-elekwasị anya na [[w:|ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya]],<ref> {{Kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ | last1=Parry |first1=Eldryd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKX-ZXNlNgcC&dq=%22Edemariam+Tsega%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR8 |title=Ụkpụrụ Ọgwụ Ọgwụ na Africa | ikpeazụ2 = Godfrey | first2 = Richard | ikpeazụ3 = Mabey | first3 = David | ikpeazụ4 = Gill | first4 = Geoffrey | ụbọchị = 25 Maachị 2004 | onye nkwusa = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-80616-9 |asụsụ=en | nweta-date=6 Eprel 2023 |archive-date=7 Eprel 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407135457/https://books.google.com/books ?id=iKX-ZXNlNgcC&dq=%22Edemariam+Tsega%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR8 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tsega |first1=Edemariam |last2=Nordenfelt | first2=Erik | ikpeazụ3=Mengesha |first3=Biru | ikpeazụ4=Hansson |first4=Bengt Göran | ikpeazụ5=Tsega |first5=Molla |last6=Lindberg |first6=Johan |ụbọchị =January 1990 |title=Age-specific Prevalence of Hepatitis Ihe mgbochi nje na ụmụaka Etiopia |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/00365549009037894 |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Diseases |asụsụ=en |olu=22 | mbipụta=2 | ibe=145 -148 |doi=10.3109/00365549009037894 |pmid=2356438 |issn=0036-5548 |ụbịa-date=6 Eprel 2023 | Archive-ụbọchị = 7 Eprel 2023 <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Parry |first1=Eldryd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKX-ZXNlNgcC&dq=%22Edemariam+Tsega%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR8 |title=Principles of Medicine in Africa |last2=Godfrey |first2=Richard |last3=Mabey |first3=David |last4=Gill |first4=Geoffrey |date=25 March 2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80616-9 |language=en |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407135457/https://books.google.com/books?id=iKX-ZXNlNgcC&dq=%22Edemariam+Tsega%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR8 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tsega |first1=Edemariam |last2=Nordenfelt |first2=Erik |last3=Mengesha |first3=Biru |last4=Hansson |first4=Bengt Göran |last5=Tsega |first5=Molla |last6=Lindberg |first6=Johan |date=January 1990 |title=Age-specific Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus Antibody in Ethiopian Children |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/00365549009037894 |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases |language=en |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=145–148 |doi=10.3109/00365549009037894 |pmid=2356438 |issn=0036-5548 |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407140755/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00365549009037894 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Acute liver failure|acute]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tsega |first1=Edemariam |last2=Krawczynski |first2=K. |last3=Hansson |first3=B.-G. |last4=Nordenfelt |first4=E. |last5=Negusse |first5=Y. |last6=Alemu |first6=W. |last7=Bahru |first7=Y. |date=August 1991 |title=Outbreak of acute hepatitis E virus infection among military personnel in northern Ethiopia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.1890340407 |journal=Journal of Medical Virology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=232–236 |doi=10.1002/jmv.1890340407|pmid=1940876 |s2cid=22415896 }}</ref> and [[chronic liver disease]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /> Ọ kụzikwaara ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị dọkịnta mmụta ọgwụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ, [[w:Endoscopy|Endoscopy]] na [[w:Laparoscopy|Laparoscopy]]. A na-ekwunyere Tsega na ọ bụ ya webatara usoro mmụta agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị nweterela nzere mbụ ha n'isi ọmụmụ Internal Medicine na Etiopia.<ref>{{Citation |title=ፕሮፌሰር እደማርያም ፀጋ ከ1929 እስከ 2010 {{!}}{{!}} Professor Edemariam Tsega 1938 - 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F80Bl7HYhcE |access-date=4 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404161046/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F80Bl7HYhcE |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọ sụrụ ụzọ na agụmakwụkwọ ahụike nke Etiopia ma zụọ ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị ọkachamara ahụike na mba ahụ.<ref name=":1" /> O mere ihe ntinye dị ukwuu na mahadum ahụ, gụnyere nkuzi na izi ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike ụzọ nakwa ime nnyocha n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|hepatology]], gastroenterology, na [[w:|tropical medicine]]. O guzobekwara Tsega Endowment Fund iji kwado ọzụzụ ndị dibịa Etiopia na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ ime n'ime {{Abbreviation|AAU|Addis Ababa University}} na ụlọ ọgwụ Etiopia.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Observer |first=Ethiopia |date=5 January 2018 |title=A prominent physician and educator, Prof. Edemarim Tsega |url=https://www.ethiopiaobserver.com/2018/01/05/a-prominent-physican-and-educator-prof-edemarim-tsega-passed-away/ |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Ethiopia Observer |language=en-US |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404151114/https://www.ethiopiaobserver.com/2018/01/05/a-prominent-physican-and-educator-prof-edemarim-tsega-passed-away/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ Ya === Tsega lụrụ [[w;|Frances Lester]], n'afọ 1972, bụ́ dọkịta ama ama n'onwe ya.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> Ha mụrụ ụmụ anọ, Aida, Naomi, Yohannes na Yodit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prọfesọ Edemariam Tsega Agafeela |url=https://www.bikilaaward.org/news_events/news/more_news/news_2018/news_01-05-2018.html |ụbọchị=4 Jenụarị 2018 |nweta-date=6 Eprel 2023 |webụsaịtị=www.bikilaaward.org |archive-date=2022-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123015305/http://bikilaaward./ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-09 }}</ref> Ada ya Aida Edemariam, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye edemede na ''[[w:|The Guardian]] '',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aida Edemariam {{!}} Onye nche |url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/aidaedemariam |access-date=7 Eprel 2023 |website=the Onye nche |language=en}}</ref> bipụtara ''Akụkọ nwunye: Akụkọ nkeonwe'' na 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akụkọ nwunye nke Aida Edemariam - 9781538502471 |url=https:/ /www.bookdepository.com/Wifes-Tale-AIDA-EDEMARIAM/9781538502471 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=www.bookdepository.com}}</ref> nke bụ akụkọ nne Tsega, Yètèmegnu.<ref> >{{Cite news | last=Mohamed |first=Nadifa |date=23 February 2018 |title=Akụkọ nwunye nke Aida Edemariam nyocha – ihe osise chi nwanyị |asụsụ = en-GB | ọrụ = Onye nche |url=https ://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/23/the-wifes-tale-aida-edemariam |access-date=7 Eprel 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Tsega nwụrụ na 1 Jenụwarị 2018 na [[w:Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Canada.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web | title=Edemariam Tsega {{!}} AddisNews.net | url=https://addisnews.net/tag/edemariam-tsega/ | nweta-date=6 Eprel 2023 | asụsụ=en-US | archive-date=2023-04-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408184149/https://addisnews.net/tag/edemariam-tsega/ | url-status=dead | accessdate=2023-12-09 | archivedate=2022-07-07 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707153455/https://addisnews.net/tag/edemariam-tsega/ }}</ref> ''Ethiopian Observer'' kọwara Tsega dị ka "ìhè na ọchịchịrị" nke a ga-echeta mgbe niile.<ref name=":32" /> ==== Ịkwaga Canada ==== Mgbe ọ kwagara Canada n'afọ 1994, Ọkammụta Edemariam jere ozi dị ka onye ọkammụta na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na ngalaba ọgwụ, [[w:| Newfoundland Memorial University]], ma mesịa ahọpụta ya dịka [[w:Emeritus | Ọkammụta larala ezumike nka]] nke ọmụmụ ọgwụ na ngalaba nke ọgwụ, [[w:|Mahadum McMaster]]. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ n'ozuzu site n'afọ 1994 ruo 2001 na [[w:|Grand Falls-Windsor]], [[w:Newfoundland na Labrador | Newfoundland]], na site n'afọ 2001 ruo mgbe ezumike nka ya n'afọ 2014 na [[w:|Hamilton Health Sciences]], McMaster University.< ref name=":32" /><ref name=":6" /> Ọ gara Etiopia ọtụtụ oge maka otu ọnwa iji kụzie ihe na ngalaba ọgwụ na Gondar n'etiti 1999 na 2008.<ref name=":32" /> Tsega bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ akpọrọ ''The Life History & Qineis of Liqe Kahnat Aleqa Tsega Teshale'' (nna Tsega) n'afọ 2018,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Akụkọ Ndụ & Qineis nke Liqe Kahnat Aleqa Tsega Te… |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/72899548-the-life-history-qineis-of-liqe-kahnat-aleqa-tsega-teshale |access-date=6 Eprel 2023 |webụsaịtị=Ọgụgụ dị mma |asụsụ=en |Archive-ụbọchị=7 Eprel 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407135506/https://www.goodreads.com/user/ |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-04-07 }}</ref> na ntuziaka maka ide akụkọ gbasara ahụike akpọrọ ''Nduzi na-ede akụkọ gbasara ahụike (akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ)''.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Biniyam L |date=25 Ọgọst 2018 |title=Nduzi maka ide akụkọ gbasara ahụike (akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ) nke Edemariam Tsega|url=https://www.slideshare.net/biniyamlikinaw/a-guide-to-writing-medical-case- akwụkwọ-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ-nke-edemariam-tsega-professor |website=slideshare.net |access-date=4 Eprel 2023 |archive-date=4 Eprel 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/ web/20230404151114/https://www.slideshare.net/biniyamlikinaw/a-guide-to-writing-medical-case-reports-green-book-by-edemariam-tsega-professor |url-status=live }}< /ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/71329 |title=Nduzi maka ide akụkọ gbasara ahụike |date=1978 |location=Addis Ababa University Press | ohere-ụbọchị = 6 Eprel 2023 | Archive-date = 6 Eprel 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406195357/https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/71329 | url-status=ndụ }}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na nkwanye ùgwù Ya === Tsega nwetara ọtụtụ nkwanye ùgwù na ihe nrite n'oge ndụ ya niile, gụnyere ihe nrite ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dị iche iche sitere na {{Abbreviation|AAU | Mahadum Addis Ababa}}, [[w:|Order of the Blue Nile]] maka mmezu sayensị sitere n'aka gọọmentị Etiopia, ihe nrite Onye isi ala maka ọrụ pụrụ iche sitere na Associationụ Ndị Ọrụ Ahụike, Nrite P2P Kwa Afọ n'afọ 2004,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2022 |title=Awards - People to People |url=https://p2pbridge.org/awards/ |nweta-ụbọchị=6 Eprel 2023 |asụsụ=en-US |Archive-date=21 Jenụwarị 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121121723/https://p2pbridge.org/awards |url-status=live |access-date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 }}</ref> [[w:|Hamilton Health Sciences]], na ihe nrite [[w:Abebe Bikila|Bikila]] n'afọ 2017.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title = Ihe nrite Bikila: Ihe omume | url = https://www.bikilaaward.org/news_events/award_winners/2017/index.html | nweta-date=6 Eprel 2023 | webụsaịtị = www.bikilaaward.org | archive-date=9 Mee 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509021530/http://bikilaaward.org/news_events/award_winners/2017/index.html | url-status=live }}</ref>< ref name = ": 1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bikila Awards maka ndị Etiopia nwetara mmeri |url=https://www.ronfanfair.com/home/2017/10/4/bikila-awards-for -ethiopian-achievers | ụbọchị = 4 Ọktoba 2017 | nweta-date = 6 Eprel 2023 | webụsaịtị = Ron Fanfair | asụsụ = en-US | Archive-date = 4 Eprel 2023 | Archive-url = https://web.archive. org/web/20230404151115/https://www.ronfanfair.com/home/2017/10/4/bikila-awards-for-ethiopian-achievers |url-status=live }}</ref> A họpụtara Tsega ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù [[w:|Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]] n'afọ 1971,<ref name=":0" /> onye òtù [[w:|The World Academy of Sciences]] n'afọ 1987,<ref> {{Cite webụ | ikpeazụ=Sciences (TWAS) | nke mbụ = Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọchịchị Ụwa |title=Edemariam Tsega |url=https://twas.org/directory/edemariam-tsega |access-date=6 April 2023 |website= TWAS |asụsụ=en | ụbọchị-edebe ihe ochie=6 Julaị 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706130727/https://twas.org/directory/edemariam-tsega |url-status= bi }}</ref> na onye òtù [[w:|African Academy of Sciences]] n'afọ 1988.<ref name=":0" /> === Edensibia === {{Reflist|30em}} === Njikọ Mpụga === * {{Cite AV media |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=F80Bl7HYhcE |title=Professor Edemariam Tsega 1938 - 2018 |date=7 January 2018 |last=Wondy Ghessesse (YouTube)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tsega, Edemariam}} [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1938]] [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ n'afọ 2018]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Addis Ababa]] [[Category: Ndị òtù African Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị òtù Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]] [[Category:London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Lund]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum McGill]] [[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ethiopia]] [[Category: Ndị òtù TWAS]] [[Category: Ndị mmadụ si Gondar]] ijquucwzda324pfxusplolhrhfsc2q0 0 34694 743871 721047 2026-11-08T06:59:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''[[w:El-Tigani el-Mahi|El-Tigani el-Mahi]]''' ({{Lang-ar|التجاني الماحي}}; Eprel 1911 – 8 Jenụwarị 1970) bụ ọkà mmụta si mba Sudan, ọkachamara na agụmakwụkwọ, na onye ọsụ ụzọ n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|psychiatry]] n'Afrika. Ọ rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ na mgba mba ahụ gbara maka nnwere onwe ha pụọ na ọchịchị nchigbu ndị British, ma bụrụkwa onye isi ala si n'aka gafere n'aka nke Sudan mgbe [[w:|Sudanese October 1964 Revolution]] gasịrị. Ọ bụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-anakọta arịa akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma mara maka [[w:|Egyptology]], na akụkọ ihe mere eme na akwụkwọ Sudan. === Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ El-Tigani el-Mahi na [[w:Kawa, Sudan | Kawa Village]], [[w:White Nile (state)|Mpaghara White Nile]] na [[w:|Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] na Eprel afọ 1911.<ref name= ":0">{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ=Salih |first=Mustafa Abdalla M. |ụbọchị=2013 |title=Prọfesọ Tigani El Mahi: Short biography and photos |journal=Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics |olu=13 | mbipụta= 1 | ibe=75–78 |issn=0256-4408 |pmc=4949969 |pmid=27493362}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Eltikeina |first=M. |ụbọchị=2022 |aha=Ncheta Ọkà mmụta: Prọfesọ Tigani El Mahi (1911-1970) |url=https://www.napataresearch.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Eltijany-Elmahi.pdf |akwụkwọ akụkọ=Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sayensị Napata |mpịakọta=1 |nweta-ụbọchị=2023-04-09 |Archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409141454/http://https/ |url-status=dead |title=Archive copy |archive-date=2023-04-09 |access-date=2023-12-12 }}</ref> El-Mahi gụchara akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Kawa, na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na obodo [[w:Rufaa|Rufaa]], Sudan.<ref name=":1" /> Ọ kwagara [[w:|Khartoum]] maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya.<ref name=":1" /> O nwetara nzere diplọma ya na Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ahụike Kitchener (ugbu a [[w:|Faculty of Medicine, Mahadum Khartoum]]) n'afọ 1935.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book | ikpeazụ=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VRJxQEACAAJ |title=Mohamed Hamad Satti: Ihe ịrịba ama na nyocha Ubi na Ọrịa Ọrịa Tropical, Bacteriology na Epidemiology | ụbọchị = 2019 -04-30 | onye nkwusa = Bipụtara onwe ya |isbn=978-1-0964-3574-7 |asụsụ =en | nweta-ụbọchị =2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/ web/20221205204153/https://books.google.com/books?id=2VRJxQEACAAJ |archive-date=2022-12-05 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị ọchịchị Briten hiwere kọleji ahụ ka ha nye ụmụ akwụkwọ Sudan ụdịrị agụmakwụkwọ ka ọ dị na ọdịda anyanwụ, ọtụtụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee bụrụ ndị ama ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Sudan na ọha mmadụ. Mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji, el-Mahi tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ akwụkwọ ma bụrụ onye na-akwado ụda olu maka nnwere onwe Sudan. Ọ bụkwa onye na-agụsi akwụkwọ ike na onye edemede, ma nyekwa aka akụkọ na edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ kọleji na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ n'eme diploma ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Sudan Medical Service, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[w:|Omdurman]], [[w:Kosti, Sudan | Kosti]], Khartoum, na [[w:|Wadi Halfa]].<ref name= ":22">{{Cite web |title=Tijani Al-Mahi, The Encyclopedic Psychiatrist{{!}} Sudanow Magazine |url=https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=448 |nweta- ụbọchị=2023-04-09 |webụsaịtị=sudanow-magazine.net |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414022118/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=448 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-12 |archivedate=2023-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409133122/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=448 }}</ref> === Ọrụ ya dịka onye na-agwọ Isi Mgbaka === N'afọ 1947, el-Mahi gara London ịgụ akwụkwọ n'efu n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|ọmụmụ isi mgbaka]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal | last=Sheikh Idris A Rahim |date=April 2011 |title=The Mahi -Baasher Heritage |url=http://arabpsynet.com/Journals/SPJ/SudJouPsy2.pdf |akwụkwọ akụkọ Sudanese Journal of Psychiatry | mpịakọta = 1 | mbipụta = 2 | ibe = 87–97 | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-04 -09 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409155311/http://arabpsynet.com/Journals/SPJ/SudJouPsy2.pdf |url-status = ndụ }}</ref> Na Julaị afọ 1949, o nwetara nzere diploma na nkà mmụta sayensị na [[w:|Mahadum London]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> wee bụrụ onye mbụ na-agwọ isi mgbaka n'Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Onye isi ala steeti; onye isi Afrịka mbụ na-agwọ isi mgbaka El Tigani El Mahi |url=https://search.emarefa.net/en/detail/BIM-293392-the-president-of-the-state-the-first-african-psychiatrist-el |nweta -date=2023-04-09 |website=search.emarefa.net |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409143143/https://search/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-12 }}</ref> Mgbe ọ laghachiri Sudan, o guzobere [[w:|Clinic for Nervous Disorders]] na mpaghara Mgbago úgwú Khartoum.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tigani El Mahi – Kushsudan.org |url=https://kushsudan.org/kushites/tigani-el-mahi/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409143145/https://kushsudan.org/kushites/tigani-el-mahi/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe dị iche iche n'ofe Sudan, gụnyere Omdurman, Kosti, Khartoum, na Wadi Halfa. A họpụtara ya onye isi na-ahụ maka ahụike ụbụrụ maka {{III|Ministry of Health (Sudan)|lt=Ministry of Health in Sudan|ar|وزارة الصحة الاتحادية (السودان)}} n'afọ 1957, bụ ọkwá ọ nọgidere ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. el-Mahi mechara bụrụ onye isi oche nke [[w:|Union of Sudanese Doctors]] n'afọ 1966. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1969, ọ ghọrọ ọkammụta mbụ nke ọmụmụ isi mgbaka na Sudan na onye isi oche nke ọmụmụ isi mgbaka, ngalaba nke ọgwụ.<ref name = ":3" /><ref name= ":0" /> Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ ahụike ụbụrụ maka [[w:WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean | Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO)]] nke WHO site n'afọ 1959 ruo afọ 1964.<ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Tsacoyianis | nke mbụ = Beverly A. | url = http://worldcat.org/oclc/1341220492 | aha = Mmụọ na-akpaghasị : ọrịa uche, ọnyà, na ọgwụgwọ na Syria na Lebanon ọgbara ọhụrụ | afọ = 2021 |isbn=978 -0-268-20071-8 |oclc=1341220492 | nweta-ụbọchị =2023-04-09 | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/202304131540 /https://worldcat.org/title/1341220492 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ọ bụ onye nhazi mbido nke [[w:|Sudanese Journal of Pediatrics]], na otu n'ime ndị malitere [[w:|African Psychiatric Association]].<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 1961, e nyere ya aha "Nna nke isi mgbaka n'Afrịka" na ogbako Psychiatric Pan-African mbụ.<ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Ali el tigani el mahi |url=http://41.67.20.57/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1097 |title=El tigani el mahi: nna nke psychiatry africa | ụbọchị = 2017 | onye nkwusa=abdel karim mirghani cultural center |isbn=978-99942-63-19-6 |ebe =Khartoum | nweta-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155343/http://41.67.20.57/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1097 |url-status=live }}</ref></strong><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Movement |first=Nasser Youth |date=2022-04-21 |title=Tigani El-Mahi onye Sudan nke weputara onwe ya dị ka Chief Psychiatrist na Egypt Medical Corps |url=https://nasseryouthmovement.net/tigani-el-mahi |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Nasser Youth Movement |language=en |archive-date=2023 -04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409143144/https://nasseryouthmovement.net/tigani-el-mahi |url-status=live }}</ref> N'oge nzukọ ahụ el-Mahi kwuru:<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ=Baasher |first=Taha A. |date=2013 |title=Tigani El Mahi nke mbụ Ọmụmụ ihe ncheta | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sudanese nke ụmụaka | mpịakọta = 13 | mbipụta = 1 | ibe = 79–89 |issn = 0256-4408 |pmc=4949970 |pmid=27493363}}</ref> Na ihe ọmụmụ isi mgbaka n'Africa, mmadụ nwere ike ịgbaso mmalite ya, mgbanwe ya, ntozu okè na mgbasa nke ihe ọmụma gbasara ahụike ụbụrụ mmadụ na gburugburu ụwa taa. (...) n'ìhè nke nnukwu kọntinent a, ga-eduga anyị n'echiche ọhụrụ nke nghọta, ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba na omenala ga-ejikọ, na-emekọrịta ihe ma pụta dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke echiche nke ahụike ụbụrụ mmadụ. N'ebe a n'Africa, ihe atụ na ahụike bụ obodo ka a ga-ewebata anyị n'ụlọ karịa (...) Ekwenyere el-Mahi na ọ bụ ya guzobere ọmụmụ isi mgbaka ọgbara ọhụrụ na Sudan wee rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịzụlite ọrụ ahụike ụbụrụ na mba ahụ. Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'ọmụmụ ihe [[w:|ọgwụ ọdịnala]] na [[w:|ethnopsychiatry]] na Sudan,<ref name=":0" /> ihe ọmụmụ ịsụ ụzọ banyere anwansi, [[w:Zār|zaar]],<ref>{ {Cite web |title=أماني شريف - التجاني الماحي.. رائد الطب النفسي في السودان.. حكايات قديمة عن الزار |trans-title=Amani Sharif - Al-Tijani Al-Mahi.. Ọsụ ụzọ na Sudan akụkọ ochie. Al-Zar |url=https://alantologia.com/blogs/41961/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410222101/https://alantologia.com /blog/41961 {{Kwuo akụkọ akụkọ | aha = Ọrịa na mmụọ: ọmụmụ nke òtù nzuzo nke mmụọ Zaar na ugwu Sudan |url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510089 | onye mbipụta = Mahadum London | ụbọchị = 1972 | ogo = Ph.D. | nke mbụ = Pamela M. | ikpeazụ = Constantinides | ohere-ụbọchị = 15 Eprel 2023 | Archive-date = 15 Eprel 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230415082635/https://ethos .bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510089 |url-status=live }}</ref> wdg na mmekọrịta ha na ahụike ụbụrụ, ebe ha na ndị ọkachamara n'ọdịnala na Sudan na-arụkọ ọrụ.<ref> {{Cite akwụkwọ akụkọ | ikpeazụ1=Sorketti |first1=E. A. |ikpeazụ2=Zuraida |nke mbụ2=N. Z. | ikpeazụ3=Habil |nke mbụ3=M. H. | ụbọchị = Julaị 2010 | aha = Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala na ndị isi mgbaka na Sudan |journal = International Psychiatry: Bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists | mpịakọta = 7 | mbipụta = 3 | ibe = 71– 74 |doi=10.1192/S1749367600005907 |issn=1749-3676 |pmc=6734982 |pmid=31508045}}</ref><ref>{{Ce akwụkwọ |lst=Sorketti |mbụ=Ehabur | .academia.edu/5413583 |title=Ọgwụ ọdịnala na ahụike uche na Sudan |date=2013-12-06 |access-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155409/https://www.academia.edu/5413583 |url-status=live }}</ref>O kwuru na a na-elekọta ndị ọrịa n'okpuru ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala karịa n'ụlọ ọgwụ.<ref name=":3" /> Ihe odide ya banyere isiokwu a kpuchiri isiokwu dị iche iche, gụnyere iji ọgwụ ọdịnala na-agwọ ọrịa uche, akụkụ omenala nke ahụike uche, na ihe ịma aka nke ịnye nlekọta ahụike uche na gburugburu ebe nchekwa ihe. Akwụkwọ mbụ ya, "Introduction to History of Arab Medicine,"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayfield |first=James B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=67aS2vqNpLIC&dq=%22El+Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA497 |title=Field of Reeds: Social, Economic and Political Change in Rural Egypt: in Search of Civil Society and Good Governance |date=2012-11-14 |publisher=Author House |isbn=978-1-4772-7490-3 |language=en |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155325/https://books.google.com/books?id=67aS2vqNpLIC&dq=%22El+Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA497 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Māḥī |first=al-Tiǧānī al- |url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=155016717&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E4693a7c7-27c,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R129.67.119.76,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E4693a7c7-27c,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R208.80.154.29,FN |title=مقدمة في تأريخ الطب العربي |date=1959 |publisher=مطبعة مصر (سودان) ليمتد, 1959 al-H̱artūm : Maṭbaʿaẗ Miṣr (Sūdān) limitid |location=الخرطوم, Soudan |language=ar |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155445/http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=155016717&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E4693a7c7-27c,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R129.67.119.76,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E4693a7c7-27c,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R208.80.154.29,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E45a27f0b-2ba,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R207.241.232.188,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E45a27f0b-2ba,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R207.241.225.162,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E45a27f0b-2ba,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R207.241.225.159,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E45a27f0b-2ba,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R207.241.225.226,FN&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E45a27f0b-2ba,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R207.241.232.35,FN |url-status=live}}</ref> ka ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara n'ịgwọ ahụike na mba Arab niile toro nke ukwuu.<ref name=":22" /> O bipụtara akwụkwọ ''Psychiatry in Sudan'' na 1957.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Elmahboob |first=Hiba |title=Memorial of Scholar |url=https://www.napataresearch.net/2195-2/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=NAPATA Research & Innovation Center |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409155940/https://www.napataresearch.net/2195-2/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-12-12 |archivedate=2023-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409155940/https://www.napataresearch.net/2195-2/ }}</ref> Enyere el-Mahi [[w:|Dọkịta Sayensị]] site na Mahadum Columbia na Mahadum nke Khartoum.<ref name=":0" /> N'afọ 1971, Ụlọ Ọgwụ el-Tigani el-Mahi dị na Omdurman, ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ e hibere maka ahụike ụbụrụ na Sudan, bu aha ya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sorketti |first1=Ehab Ali |last2=Zainal |first2=Nor Zuraida |last3=Habil |first3=Mohamad Hussain |date=2011-05-24 |title=The characteristics of people with mental illness who are under treatment in traditional healer centres in Sudan |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764010390439 |journal=International Journal of Social Psychiatry |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=204–216 |doi=10.1177/0020764010390439 |pmid=21609984 |s2cid=5964369 |issn=0020-7640 |access-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155401/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020764010390439 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=E A |first1=Sorketti |last2=M H |first2=Habil |date=December 2009 |title=The current situation of the people with mental illness in the traditional healer centers in Sudan |url=https://journals.lww.com/mjp/Citation/2009/18020/THE_CURRENT_SITUATION_OF_THE_PEOPLE_WITH_MENTAL.12.aspx |journal=Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry |language=en-US |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=78 |issn=2232-0385 |access-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409155310/https://journals.lww.com/mjp/Citation/2009/18020/THE_CURRENT_SITUATION_OF_THE_PEOPLE_WITH_MENTAL.12.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ 1972, n'oge nke atọ nke [[w:|Pan-African Psychiatric Conference]], e mere nkuzi iji sọpụrụ ya.<ref name=":6" /> ==== Ọrụ Odide Ihe ya ==== Edemede mbụ el-Mahi laghachiri na 1940 mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ ahụike. O nyere aka n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụike, gụnyere Sudan Medical Journal na British Medical Journal. O dekwara gbasara ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ, ọkachasị ndị metụtara obodo Sudan. Na 1946, o bipụtara otu isiokwu akpọrọ "Sudan na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ" na Journal of the Sudanese Society, bụ nke o kwuru banyere mmetụta agha ahụ nwere na ndị Sudan.<ref name=":0" /> [[File: Al-Tijānī Māḥī in 1965.jpg|thumb|el-Tigani el-Mahi na 1965]] el-Mahi bụ onye ama ama na mpaghara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na ọgụgụ isi nke Sudan bụ onye na-etinyekwa aka n'ụzọ miri emi n'ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ na mmepe omenala na Sudan.<ref name=":0" /> Echiche nke [[w:|pan-Arabism]] nwere mmetụta miri emi na [[w:|pan-Africanism]], wee hụ ọdịnihu Sudan dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu mmegharị maka nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na omenala n'ofe kọntinent ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Salih |first=Mustafa |date=2013 | aha = Otu elegy na ebe nchekwa nke Okammụta Tigani El Mahi (Arabic poem) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.24911/sjp.2013.1.17 |journal = Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sudanese nke Paediatrics | ibe = 119 | doi= 10.24911/sjp.2013.1.17 |issn=0256-4408 | nweta-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 20230413155443/https://www.ejmanager.com/mnstemps/106/106-1523536906.pdf?t=1681401283 |url-status=live }}</ref> el-Mahi bụ otu n'ime ndị tọrọ ntọala [[w:|Sudanese Writers Union]], otu òtù na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite akwụkwọ ndị Sudan na ịkwado mmepe nke ndị edemede Sudan. O guzobekwara Institute of African and Asian Studies na Mahadum Khartoum, nke ghọrọ ebe dị mkpa maka nyocha na mmụta gbasara omenala na obodo Africa na Eshia. Emere ya onye òtù [[w:|Academy of the Arabic Language]] dị na Cairo. Na mgbakwunye na Arabic, ọ makwa nke ọma asụsụ Bekee, [[w:Hausa language|Asụsụ Hausa]], Latin, na [[w:Persian language|Asụsụ Persia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":22" /> Ihe odide el-Mahi kọwara ọtụtụ isiokwu nke ọma, gụnyere akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na omenala. O dere ọtụtụ akụkọ na edemede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na Sudan na na mba ndị mba ọzọ.<ref name=":5" /> O dere banyere mkpa agụmakwụkwọ dị na Sudan na mkpa o dị ichekwa omenala,<ref name=":2" /> wee dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere "Cultural Heritage of the Sudan" na "The Life of [[w:Muhammad Ahmad|Mohammed Ahmed Al-Mahdi]]". el-Mahi mụtara nkà mmụta ihe ochie [[w:|Egyptology]] oge ochie na mmepeanya, ma marakwa [[w:Egypt hieroglyphs|hieroglyphics]].<ref name=":5" /> Ọ sụgharịrị ọtụtụ ihe odide hieroglyphic n'asụsụ Arabic ma bipụta akụkọ banyere Ijipt oge ochie, ọgwụ na okpukperechi. O dekwara maka njikọ omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị n'etiti Sudan na Egypt.<ref name=":2" /> el-Mahi bụkwa onye na-anakọta arịa akụkọ ihe mere eme, gụnyere nnukwu mkpokọta akwụkwọ ozi []w:Charles George Gordon | General Gordon]] na ndetu onwe ya, nke o gosipụtara [[w:|Queen Elizabeth II]] n'oge nleta afọ 1965 na Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |ikpeazụ=Hills |first=Mega C. |date=2019-09-27 |title=N'ime foto: Akụkọ banyere ndị otu ezin’ụlọ na-eleta Africa |url=https://www.standard .co.uk/evening-standard/insider/royals/royal-family-members-in-africa-from-the-queen-and-princess-diana-to-meghan-and-harry-a4247661.html |ohere-ụbọchị=2023-04-09 |webụsaịtị=Standard Anyasị |asụsụ=en |Archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409133119/https://www./ |url- status=live |access-date=2023-12-13 |archive-date=2023-04-09 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":22" /> Ọ chịkọtara ihe dị puku iri abụọ gụnyere mkpụrụ ego laghachiri n'oge [[w:|Alexander the Great]],<ref name=":0" /> na Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme puku isii bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Khartoum ugbu a.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google .com/books?id=TyEbAAAAMAAJ&q=%22El+Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia |title=Sudan: Librarianship, Documentation |date=1974 |Onye nkwusa=FID/DC “Mba na-emepe emepe”, Secretary |asụsụ=en |nweta-ụbọchị=2023-04-11 |Archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155346/https://books.google.com/books |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-04-13 |access-date=2023-12-13 }}</ref> ==== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ya ==== ===== Tupu nnwere onwe Sudan ===== el-Mahi bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na mgba a, na echiche ya na mmemme ya rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpụzi ntụzịaka nke ịhụ mba Sudan na ngagharị nnwere onwe sara mbara. N'afọ ndị 1930, el-Mahi tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba na Sudan, ma nyere aka guzowe [[w:|Graduates' General Congress (GGC)]], otu ndị isi mba na-achị achị nke chọrọ ịchịkọta echiche ọha na eze Sudan megide ọchịchị ndị Briten. el-Mahi tinyere aka na GGC ma bụrụkwa onye na-akwado ụda maka nnwere onwe Sudan.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":22" /> N'ime afọ ndị na-eduga na nnwere onwe, enwere ọtụtụ esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ọha na eze n'ime obodo Sudan, dịka otu dị iche iche na-achọ ike na mmetụta. Ndị òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[w:|Sudanese Communist Party (SCP)]], nke nwere nnukwu ndị na-eso ya n'etiti ndị ọrụ obodo na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi, bụ otu n'ime ọgbakọ kacha emetụta n'oge a. el-Mahi katọrọ atụmatụ na echiche ndị SCP, ma ọ matakwara òkè dị mkpa otu ahụ na-ekere na mgba maka nnwere onwe.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":22" /> ===== Mgbe Sudan nwechara nnwere onwe ===== Sudan nwetara [[w:Independence of Sudan | nnwere onwe]] site na [[w:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian Condominium]] na 1 Jenụwarị 1956, na-ekwenyeghị n'ụdị na ọdịnaya nke akwụkwọ iwu na-adịgide adịgide. Kama nke ahụ, Mgbakọ Ndị Ọchịchị nakweere akwụkwọ akpọrọ [[Transitional Constitution]], nke nọchiri [[w:List of Governors of pre-independence Sudan|ndétu aha gọvanọ ndị chiri tupu nnwere onwe Sudan]] dị ka onye isi ala nke nwere Kọmishọna Kasị Elu nke mmadụ ise họpụtara nke ndị omeiwu mejupụtara ya. Sineti a họpụtara n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Zapata |first=Mollie |date=2011-12-13 |title=Sudan: Nnwere onwe site na agha obodo, 1956-2005 |url=https://enoughproject. org/blog/sudan-brief-history-1956 | nweta-date=2023-04-11 | webụsaịtị = Ọrụ zuru oke | asụsụ = en-US | archive-date = 2023-04-11 | archive-url = https: //web.archive.org/web/20230411185034/https://enoughproject.org/blog/sudan-brief-history-1956 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'afọ mgbe obodo ya nwetara nnwere onwe, el-Mahi sonyeere ndị ọrụ ahụike Egypt dị ka onye isi mgbaka iji kwado nguzogide megide [[w:Suez Crisis|1956 mbuso agha nke Egypt]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> Ọ gara Egypt ọzọ na Disemba 1964 iji mee mmemme ụbọchị mmeri Egypt na [[w:|Port Said]] ya na Onye isi ala [[w:|Gamal Abdel Nasser]].<ref name=":5" />[[File:The_Second_Supreme_Council_of_State_1964-1965.jpg] |thumb|[[[Kansụl Ọchịchị Sudan nke Abụọ]] site n’aka ekpe gaa n’aka nri: Tigani el-Mahi, [[w:Mubarak Al Fadil Shadad|Mubarak Shadad]], [[w:|Ibrahim Yusuf Sulayman]], [[w:|Luigi Adwok Bong Gicomeho]] na [[w:|Abdel Halim Mohamed]] | aka ekpe]]. Agbanyeghị, gọọmentị ọhụrụ chere ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka dị iche iche ihu ka ọ na-achọ iwulite steeti Sudan dị n'otu na nke nwere ọganihu. N'agbata afọ 1956 na 1965, Sudan nwere nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọtụtụ ndị agha agha. N'ime oge a, ndị agha na-achị Sudan afọ asatọ, gụnyere oge [[Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)#Abboud Military government (1958–64)|Ibrahim Abboud's president]] (1958–1964) na [[Agha obodo Sudan nke mbụ]] (1955–1972). Mkpebi ndị agha ahụ kpalitere ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wee kpata ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itinye Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Sudan azụ na Track |url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/12/putting- sudans-political-transition-back-track | nweta-date=2023-04-11 | webụsaịtị = United States Institute of Peace | asụsụ = en | Archive-date = 2023-04-11 | Archive-url = https:// web.archive.org/web/20230411185033/https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/12/putting-sudans-political-transition-back-track |url-status=live }}</ref> N'oge a, ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọrụ chọrọ mgbanwe miri emi nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba iji wusie ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ike, nke mere ka e nwee mmeri na ọchịchị ndị agha. Mgbe [[Sudanese October 1964 Revolution]] kwaturu General [[Ibrahim Abboud]], el-Mahi jere ozi dị ka onye otu nke mbụ [[Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)#laghachi na ọchịchị ndị nkịtị (1964–69)| Kọmiti nke Ọchịchị]], site na 3 Disemba 1964 ruo 10 June 1965, bụ onye na-elekọta Gọọmenti na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nke meghere ụzọ maka ntuli aka izugbe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daftar Presiden Sudan {{!}} UNKRIS { {!}} Pusat Ilmu Pengetahuan |url=http://p2k.unkris.ac.id/id3/1-3065-2962/Daftar-Presiden-Sudan_99865_p2k-unkris.html | nweta-ụbọchị=2022-12-12 | webụsaịtị=p2k.unkris.ac.id |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212155849/http://p2k.unkris.ac.id/ id3/1-3065-2962/Daftar-Presiden-Sudan_99865_p2k-unkris.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdel Halim Mohamed Halim {{!}} RCP Museum |url=https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/abdel-halim-mohamed-halim | nweta-date=2023-04-09 |website=history.rcplondon.ac.uk | Archive-ụbọchị =2022-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210115155/https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inpiring-physicians/abdel-halim-mohamed-halim |url -status=live }}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke kansụl wee si otú a [[List of heads of state of Sudan |head of state]] na 1965.<ref name=":3" /> <ref name =":7">{{Cite news |date=2022-09-09 |title=Queen Elizabeth II na Africa: Na foto |asụsụ=en-GB |ọrụ=Akụkọ BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com .com/news/world-africa-62290768 |nweta-ụbọchị=2023-04-09 |Archive-ụbọchị=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128092018/https://web.archive.org/web/ |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-01-28 |access-date=2023-12-13 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ1=Allison |first1=Ronald |url=https:// books.google.com/books?id=kIoUAQAIAAAJ&q=%22El+Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia |title=The Royal Encyclopedia |last2=Riddell |first2=Sarah |ụbọchị=1991 |onye nkwusa=Macmillan Press |isbn =978-0-333-53810-4 |asụsụ = en | nweta-ụbọchị =2023-04-11 | Archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20230411232805/https://books.google.com/books?id=kIoUAQAIAAAJ&q=%22El+Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Ọbịbịa Elizabeth II na Sudan N'afo 1965 ==== [[File: Queen's visit to Sudan (February1965).jpg|thumb|[[Elizabeth II]] n'oge nleta ya na Sudan na February 1965. N'aka ekpe ya bụ [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], n'aka nri ya bụ el-Mahi na n'azụ ya bụ [[Abdel Halim Mohamed]]] Na 8 February 1965, [[w:|Elizabeth II]] gara Sudan wee zute El Tigani El-Mahi, Onye isi oche nke Kansụl Kasị Elu n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tibber |first=Peter |date=2015-02-22 |title=Eme ncheta afọ 50 nke nleta steeti Queen Elizabeth na Sudan {{!}} Blọọgụ Ofesi, Commonwealth & Development Office |url=https://blogs.fcdo.gov.uk/petertibber/2015/%2002/22/50th-ememe-nke-steeti-nleta-of-Queen-elizabeth-to-sudan/ |nweta-date=2023-04-10 |asụsụ=en-GB |Archive-date=2022-12 -06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206212910/https://blogs.fcdo.gov.uk/petertibber/2015/02/22/50th-anniversary-of-the-state |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-09-10 |archive-date=2022-12-06 }}</ref> Nleta ahụ gụnyere nkwụsị na Khartoum na [[El-Obeid|El Obeid]].<ref name=":7]>“</ref>” Nleta ụbọchị anọ nke Queen, nke mbụ mgbe [[w:Sudan nnwere onwe | nnwere onwe Sudan]] na akụkụ nke njem Commonwealth, jere ozi iji wusie mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Sudan na United Kingdom ike, ma gosipụta oge mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na omenala. n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ=Salih |first=Mustafa Abdalla M. |date=2013 |title=Prọfesọ Mansour Ali Haseeb: Isi ihe sitere n’aka onye ọsụ ụzọ nke nyocha biomedical, dibịa. na ọkà mmụta sayensị | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Akwụkwọ akụkọSudanese nke Paediatrics | mpịakọta = 13 | mbipụta = 2 | ibe = 66–75 |issn = 0256-4408 |pmc=4949945 |pmid=27493377}}</ref> N’ụbọchị mbụ ya, Queen Elizabeth na Prince Philip nabatara Onye isi ala El Tigani El-Mahi na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Khartoum, tupu nnukwu igwe mmadụ anabata ha ka ha si n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu na-aga [[Republican Palace (Sudan)|Republican Palace]], ma ọ nọrọ na colonial. -era Grand Hotel dị na Khartoum, n'oge nleta ya.<ref>{{cite web |year=1965 |title=QUEEN NA SUDAN LETA EL OBEID NA KHARTOUM|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=71355 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724024827/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id =71355 |url-status=anwụ anwụ |archive-date=24 Julaị 2012 |access-date=29 Jenụarị 2011 |publisher=Ụzọ Britain }}</ref> Na foto e sere n’oge ụgbọ ala steeti si na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Khartoum, El Tigani El - A na-ahụ Mahi ka ọ na-eguzo n'akụkụ aka nri nke ụgbọ ala eze nwanyị, ebe onye agha si n'òtù ndị agha guzo n'aka ekpe. A na-ahụkwa Prince Philip na foto a, guzo n'aka ekpe ma yikwa okpu trilby.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Keystone Press Agency - Akwa nnabata maka Queen [Elizabeth II] na Khartoum |url=https:/ /www.rct.uk/collection/2003201/great-welcome-for-the-queen-elizabeth-ii-in-khartoum | nweta-date=2023-04-11 | webụsaịtị = www.rct.uk | asụsụ = en | Archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411172010/https://www.rct.uk/collection/2003201/great-welcome-for-the -queen-elizabeth-ii-in-khartoum |url-status=live }}</ref> Queen England IInatakwara [[garland]] ifuru site n’aka ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ nọ na Khartoum, dịka akụkụ nke nnabata ịhụnanya ọ nwetara n’oge nleta ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keystone Press Agency - HM The Queen in Khartoum, n'oge nleta steeti na Republic of Sudan |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2006979/hm-the-queen-in-khartoum-during-the-state-visit-to-the-republic -of-the-sudan | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-04-11 | webụsaịtị = www.rct.uk | asụsụ = en | archive-date = 2023-04-11 | Archive-url = https://web.archive .org/web/20230411172010/https://www.rct.uk/collection/2006979/hm-the-queen-in-khartoum-during-the-state-visit-to-the-republic-of-the-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref> Otu ihe pụtara ìhè na nleta eze nwanyị bụ ehihie [[camel racing]], nke ya na El Tigani El-Mahi gara. A hụrụ ha abụọ ọnụ na ụgbọ ala Rolls Royce ghe oghe ka ha na-aga n'ọsọ asọmpi ahụ, ya na igwe mmadụ ndị Sudan na-ekiri egwu na-ekpori ndụ.<ref>{{Cite book | last=McDougall |first=Russell |url=https: //books.google.com/books?id=Dos5EAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA370 |title=Leta si Khartoum. D.R. Ewen: Ịkụzi akwụkwọ Bekee, Sudan, 1951-1965 | ụbọchị = 2021-07-19 | onye nkwusa = BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-46114-7 |asụsụ = en | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-04-11 | Archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411232806/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dos5EAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Tigani+El+Mahi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA370 |url-status= live }}</ref> Nwanyị eze ahụ hụkwara ịgba egwu agbụrụ n'oge nleta ya wee gbakwụnye na mgbanwe omenala mere n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ<ref>{{Cite web |title=Epoque Limited (active 1965) - The Queen and Prince Philip rutere El Obeid na mmalite nleta steeti ha na Sudan. [Nleta steeti na Sudan, 1965] |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2003214/the-queen-and-prince-philip-arrive-at-el-obeid-at-start-of -nleta-steeti ha | nweta-ụbọchị = 2023-04-11 | webụsaịtị = www.rct.uk | asụsụ = en | Archive-ụbọchị = 2023-04-11 | Archive-url = https://web.archive .org/web/20230411172019/https://www.rct.uk/collection/2003214/the-queen-and-prince-philip-arrive-at-el-obeid-at-the-start-of-their-state -leta |url-status=ndụ }}</ref> Ndị obodo Omdurman na-anabatakwa Queen na [[Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh]], gụnyere onye isi obodo [[Mansour Ali Haseeb]], na mmemme nnabata ahụ gụnyere egwu egwu ọdịnala Sudan.<ref name=": 8">“</ref>” Ezenwanyị na Prince Philip letakwara El Obeid, ebe onye isi ọchịchị obodo, Sayed Suleeman Wagieallah kelere ha.<ref name=":7" /> === Afọ ndị ọzọ === Sudan nwetara oge ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke abụọ, nke a makwaara dị ka [[w:Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)#Laghachi na ọchịchị ndị nkịtị (1964–69)|Democracy nke abụọ]]. Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche nke abụọ na Sudan na-ezo aka na oge site na 1965 ruo 1969 mgbe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị laghachiri na asọmpi na ntuli aka, nke gọọmenti mgbanwe mere n'April na May 1965. N'ime oge a, ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọrụ radical chọrọ mgbanwe mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba. iji wusie ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ike ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'imeri ọchịchị ndị agha na-achị Sudan mbụ.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Sudan: Democracy and Military Coups (1958 - 1983) |url=https:// fanack.com/sudan/history-of-sudan/democracy-and-military-coup/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website = MENA Chronicle {{!}} Fanack |language=en-US | Archive -date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928060136/https://fanack.com/sudan/history-of-sudan/democracy-and-military-coup / |url-status=live}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, oge ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya adịteghị aka dịka [[w:1969 Sudanese coup d'état|coup d'état weere ọnọdụ n'afọ 1969]] mechara, nke Colonel [[w:Gaafar Nimeiry|Gaafar Nimeiry]] megidere ọchịchị onye isi ala [[w:|Ismail al-Azhari] na Prime Minister. Mkpebi a gosipụtara njedebe nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke abụọ na Sudan wee hụ mmalite nke ọchịchị Nimeiry nke afọ 16.<ref name=":9"> N'ime oge ahụ, el-Mahi nọgidere na-agbasi mbọ ike n'ọhụụ ya nke mba Sudanese na njirimara omenala, ma na-akatọ ọtụtụ n'ime atumatu na omume nke ọchịchị mgbe nnwere onwe. O nwere nchegbu karịsịa maka okwu gbasara ahaghị nhata na mpaghara na mwepu nke ụfọdụ otu dị n'ime obodo Sudan, ma kwado maka usoro ntinye aka na nha anya maka ọchịchị. Otú ọ dị, o lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ edemede ya na nke uche.<ref name=":2" /> === Ọnwụ Ya === el-Mahi nwụrụ na Khartoum na 8 Jenuarị 1970.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":22" /> A na-echeta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi ọgụgụ isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sudanese. akụkọ ihe mere eme, na onyinye ya na mgba mba ahụ na-agba maka nnwere onwe, omenala ndị Sudan, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndụ ọgụgụ isi na-anọgide na-eme ememe site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị na-eme ihe ike taa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":22" /> === Edensibia === <references /> == Njikọ Mpụga== * {{Commons-inline|Category:Al-Tijānī Māḥī|al-Tigany al-Mahy}} * {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjlU9nUlUNw&ab_channel=Sudania24TV |title=ذكري التجاني الماحي .. أبو الطب النفسي في السودان - الوراق |date=15 Jan 2019 |last=Sudania 24 TV (YouTube) |language=ar |trans-title=Remembering Al-Tijani Al-Mahi, the father of psychiatry in Sudan - Al-Warraq}} * {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkmmR-Q76eI&ab_channel=sayentoud |title=The Queen visit to Sudan, February 1965 |date=1965 |last=[[Pathé]] |type=YouTube}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahi, El Tigani}} [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1911]] [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ n'afọ 1970]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum London]] [[Category: Ndị ọ̀gwọ́ ọrịa si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọgbọ 20th-Century si mba Sudan]] [[Category: Ndị odee nke ọgbọ 20th-century si mba Sudan]] [[Category:Egyptologists]] [[Category:Sudanese male writers]] [[Category:20th-century physicians]] [[Category:20th-century male writers]] [[Category:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan people]] o2z781l3ypmgxz41t35qhu7z46q8tv4 0 35427 743837 147558 2026-11-07T22:18:33Z LectureWiz 67509 743837 wikitext text/x-wiki Chukwuemeka Samuel Ezuka bu onye Naijiria {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with deprecated net worth parameter]] pqoh9sbaff7kuj7fbjhiwws989zy2eh 0 36765 743807 708110 2026-11-07T15:33:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bar box|title=Cognate Percentages Shared by fellow [[Plateau languages]] and [[Wapan language|Jukun]] with Tyap|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Languages|right1=percent|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Izere language|Izere]]|orange|72.0}} {{bar percent|[[Rigwe language|Rigwe]]|red|66.0}} {{bar percent|[[Cara language|Chara]]|orange| 50.0}} {{bar percent|[[Berom language|Berom]]|yellow|49.0}} {{bar percent|[[Tarok language|Tarok]]|green|42.0}} {{bar percent|[[Fyem language|Pyem]]|blue| 41.0}} {{bar percent|[[Ninzo language|Ninzam]]|yellow|41.0}} {{bar percent|[[Rukuba language|Kuche]]|pink|39.0}} {{bar percent|[[Eggon language|Eggon]]|grey|39.0}} {{bar percent|[[Ribina language|Ibunu]]|black|38.0}} {{bar percent|[[Rindre language|Rindre]]|purple|37.0}} {{bar percent|[[Wapan language|Jukun]]|cyan|34.0}}}}{{Databox}}  {{Reflist}}   .<ref name="Unpub">Akau, K. (2020). </ref> == Nbudata == A na-ahụkarị ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tyap na mpaghara gọọmentị nke Jema'a, Kaura na Zangon Kataf, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụkwa obere ndị na-ekwu okwu na Kachia na Kauru na [[Kaduna]]" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Kaduna">ndịda Kaduna steeti, na Riyom (karịsịa ndị na-akpọ Takad <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plateaustate.gov.ng/government/lgas/riyom|title=Riyom Local Government Area|work=Plateau State Government|accessdate=February 23, 2023|archivedate=February 23, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223160825/https://www.plateaustate.gov.ng/government/lgas/riyom}}</ref>) na Plateau steeti nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. <ref name="Unpub">Akau, K. (2020). </ref> nwekwara nnukwu obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ na Kaduna South na Chikun Local Government Areas nke steeti ahụ. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ehrafe/citation.do?method=citation&forward=browseAuthorsFullContext&col=collection(%27/eHRAF/ethnography/Africa/FF38%27)&docId=ff38-000&tocOffsetId=tocPubInfoP|title=Culture Summary: Katab|date=2014|author=Skoggard|first=I. A.|format=Online|publisher=New Haven: Human Relations Area Files|work=eHRAF|accessdate=January 18, 2021}}</ref> (2014) gosipụtara nkesa nke ndị Atyap (Katab) na Naijiria gụnyere: [[Ȯra Niger|Niger]], [[Ȯra Nasarawa|Nasarawa]], [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna]] steeti na [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|FCT]]. == Nchịkọta na olumba == <ref>McKinney, C. (1983), p. 290</ref><ref>Meek, C. K. (1931), p. 2.</ref> (1931:2) tụrụ aro na Katab (Atyap), Morwa (Asholyio), Ataka (Atakad) na Kagoro (Agworok) na-asụ otu asụsụ ma nwee ike iwere ha dị ka otu; ma mesịa, McKinney (1983:290) kwuru na a ga-etinye [[Ndị Bajju|Baju]] (Bajju) na ihe dị n'elu, n'ihi ọdịiche asụsụ na ọdịbendị ha nwere. <ref>Smith, M. G. (1960), p. 138.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Murdock|first=G. P.|date=1959|title=Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-ASX-285|language=en|location=New York|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=0070440522}}</ref> (1959) kewara ''Kagoro'' (Gworok) na olumba ndị ọzọ mejupụtara otu asụsụ Tyap dị ugbu a dị ka "Plateau Nigerian", [1] na alaka ya "Semi-Bantu" nke "Bantoid subfamily" nke "Negritic Stock". [2] <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=M. G.|date=1982|title=Cosmology, Practice, and Social Organization among the Kadara and Kagoro|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3773702|journal=Ethnology|volume=21|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.2307/3773702|accessdate=December 14, 2020}}</ref> Greenberg debere Tyap na Jju (1963) n'okpuru alaka "Plateau II" nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Benue-Congo. Ka oge na-aga, Gerhardt (1974) wughachiri alaka ahụ, na-enye ya "proto-Plateau". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Greenberg|first=J. H.|date=1963|title=The languages of Africa|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=29|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Gerhardt|first=L.|date=1989|title=Kainji and Platoid. In The Niger-Congo languages|edition=1|editor=Bendor-Samuel|publisher=University Press of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Gerhardt|first=L.|date=1974|title=Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sprachen des nigerianischen Plateaus|publisher=J.J. Augustin|isbn=9783870300623|format=mimeographed|language=de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agsjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> <ref name="Mc">McKinney, N. P. (April 1990), p. 255.</ref> 1989, Gerhardt debere Tyap na Jju n'okpuru South-Central subgroup, Central group, Plateau branch of Platoid, a division of the Benue-Congo languages. [1] [2] [3] <ref name="AchiH">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq5wGaae5qkC&pg=PA374|author=Achi|first=B.|title=Writing African history|publisher=University of Rochester Press|editor=Philips, J. E.|year=2005|format=Print book|language=en|isbn=9781580462563}}</ref> (2005) kwuru na ndị Atyap na-asụ asụsụ n'òtù Kwa nke ezinụlọ [[Asụsụ Benue-Congo]]. Otú ọ dị, dị ka Bitiyong, Y. I., si kwuo, na Achi et al. (2019:44), Kataf Group (nkewa ochie) nke asụsụ Tyap bụ, bụ onye otu Plateau nke ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-atụ aro na site n'iji oge glotochronological nke e guzobere maka asụsụ [[Asụsụ Yoruba|Yoruba]] na [[Asusu Edo|Edo]] na ndị agbata obi ha, nkewa nke Kataf Group n'ime asụsụ dị iche iche na ụyọkọ asụsụ ga-achọ ọtụtụ puku afọ. A kpọtụrụ ya aha na,   Ndepụt<ref name="Shim">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30027577|author=Shimizu|first=Kiyoshi|title=A Lexicostatistical Study of Plateau Languages and Jukun.|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=17|issue=8|date=1975|pages=413–418|accessdate=September 1, 2020}}</ref> nyocha a na-akpọ "Swadesh 100-word List" nke Shimizu gosipụtara (1975:414) na-egosi na Tyap ('''''Katab''''') na-ekerịta pasentị ndị a na asụsụ Plateau ibe ya na Jukun na-amalite site na nke kachasị elu ruo na nke kachasị ala: 72% na [[AsụsụIzere|Izere]] (Izarek), 66% na Rigwe, 50% na [[Cara language|Chara]], 49% na Berom, 42% na Tarok, 41% na Pyem, 41% nwere [[Ninzo Asusu|Ninzam]], 39% na [[Ce language|Kuche]], 38% na Ibunu, 37% na Rindre na Jukunon. == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == <ref>{{Cite book|title=Zhwunzhwuo A̱lyem A̱ Tyap|author=Follingstad|first=C.|date=1992|publisher=Tyap Literacy Committee & Nigeria Bible Translation Trust|language=kcg, en|pages=4–43}}</ref> akwụkwọ Tyap (''Zwunzwuo A̱lyem Tyap ji'') nwere mkpụrụedemede 39, dị ka Kọmitii Ịgụ na Ịgụ na Ụba nke Tyap (TLC) dere n'oge mmalite afọ 1990: <ref>Haruna, D.; Follingstad, C. & J. (n.d.), p. 74.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="41" |Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Tyap: ihe bụ isi gara aga |- |A |A̱ |B |CH |CHY |D |E |F |G |GB |GH |GHW |GHY |H |HY |HW |M |I̱ |J |JHY |K |KH |KP |L |M |N |NG |NY |O |P |R |S |SH |SHY |T |TS |U |V |W |Y |Z |- |a |a̱ |b |ch |chy |d |na |f |g |gb |gh |ghw |ghy |h |hy |hw |i |i̱ |j |jhy |k |kh |kp |l |m |n |ng |ny |o |p |r |s |sh |ihere |t |ts |u |v |w |na |z |- ! colspan="41" |Uru ụdaolu |- |a |ə |b |t͡ʃ |t͡ʃj |d |na |f |g |g͡b |ɣ |ɣw |ɣj |h |Nke a |Ọdịdị |i |ɪ |d͡ʒ |ʒj |k |x |k͡p |l |m |n |ŋ |ɲ |o |p |r |s |ʃ |ʃj |t |t͡s |u |v |w |j |d͡z |} Otú ọ dị, mmepe dị ugbu a ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, nwere Tyap Basic Alphabetical Chart belatara ruo 24, dị ka ndị a: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="28" |Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Tyap: ihe ọhụrụ bụ isi |- |A |B |C |D |E |F |G |H |M |J |K |L |M |N |O |P |R |S |T |U |V |W |Y |Z |- |a |b |c |d |na |f |g |h |i |j |k |l |m |n |o |p |r |s |t |u |v |w |na |z |- ! colspan="28" |Uru ụdaolu |- |a |b |t͡ʃ |d |na |f |g |h |i |d͡ʒ |k |l |m |n |o |p |r |s |t |u |v |w |j |d͡z |} A ga-eji akara "c" na-anọchite anya mkpụrụedemede "ch", na-enweghị "h". Ndị ọzọ niile ka bụ otu. === Mkpụrụedemede === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! !N'ihu !Central !Ịlaghachi azụ |- align="center" !N'akụkụ |[[i]] |Ọdịdị |[[u]] |- align="center" !N'etiti etiti |[[E|na]] | |[[o]] |- !N'etiti | |ə | |- align="center" !Emeghe | |[[a]] | |} === Mkpụrụ okwu === <ref>Haruna, D.; Follingstad, C. & J. (n.d.), pp. 72-73</ref> ahụ nwere ihe karịrị <ref>Akau, K. T. L. (2014), p. xxiv-xxix.</ref> monographic na digraph labialized na palatalized consonant sounds, nke e kewara n'ime fortis na lenis modiations. Tebụl na-esonụ nwere ụda ụdaume nke Tyap: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! !Akpụkpọ ahụ !Alveolar !Post-alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Egbugbere ọnụ !Mkpịsị aka |- !Ụgbọ imi |m |n |ɲ | |ŋ | | |- !Plosive |p&nbsp;&nbsp;b |t&nbsp;&nbsp;d | | |k&nbsp;&nbsp;g |k͡p&nbsp;&nbsp;g͡b | |- !Africate | |t͡s&nbsp;&nbsp;d͡z |t͡ʃ&nbsp;&nbsp;d͡ʒ | | | | |- !Ihe na-esiri ike |f&nbsp;&nbsp;v |s |ʃ&nbsp;&nbsp;ʒ |Nke a |x&nbsp;&nbsp;ɣ | |h |- !N'akụkụ | |l | | | | | |- !Rhotic | | |r | | | | |- !Glide | | | |j | |Ọdịdị&nbsp;&nbsp;w | |} === Concord === Hayab (2016:66-67) na nyocha ya na [[Hyam language|Hyam]]_language" id="mwBkg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hyam language">Hyam, asụsụ metụtara Tyap chọpụtara na okwu mbụ maka nọmba 10 bụ "kop" /''kwop'', nakwa na okwu a na-eji maka ''iri'' bụ okwu a na'ezie maka ''''iri na abụọ'''' ma ọ bụ iri na abụọ bụ "shwak" (na Hyam) ma ọ bụ Δ (na Tyap). N'ihi mmetụta na-eto eto nke Hausa / English, obi abụọ adịghị ya na tupu 1920 (n'ihi na Thomas (1920:59) hotara ihe atụ na ''Kagoro'' (Gworok) nke, n'adịghị ka ndị agbata obi ya bụ Nungu, Ninzam, S. Mada na Mama, anaghị eji ya eme ihe ruo n'oge ahụ, usoro duodecimal <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thomas|first=N.|date=1920|title=32. Duodecimal Base of Numeration|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2840036|journal=Man|volume=20|pages=56–60|doi=10.2307/2840036|accessdate=December 16, 2020}}</ref>), usoro ịgụta ọnụ ej''iri'' ọdịdị nke Hausa / Inglish decimal style na okwu ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị, ebe "s" were ọnọdụ ya ma tinye ihe mbụ ya, nke bụ ugbu a, ''iri na abụọ''. N'iburu nke a n'uche, mgbe mmadụ na-atụle ọnụ ọgụgụ "1,000" ma ọ bụ ''cyi kwop jhyiung'' ("cyi kwop" ka a na-asụpụta otu okwu), mmadụ nwere ike ikwu na ọ pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "otu narị iri" ma ọ dị ka "100 X 10 X 1". N'okpuru ebe a bụ ụdị Tyap nke oge a na-agụkọ ọtụtụ puku: * 1,000: ''Cyikwop jhyiung'' * 2,000: ''Cyikwop sweang'' * 3,000: ''Cyikwop tsat'' * 4,000: Cyikwop nọ''Cyikwop nọ na ya'' * 5,000: ''Cyikwop tswuon'' * 6,000: ''Cyikwop a̱taa'' * 7,000: ''Cyikwop a̱natat'' * 8,000: ''Cyikwop a̱ni̱nai'' * 9,000: ''Cyikwop a̱kubunyiung'' * 2,018: ''Cyikwop sweang ma̱ng nswak ma̱ng a̱ni̱nai'' * 10,000: Cyikwop maka''Cyikwop maka oge'' * 100,000: ''Cyikwop cyi jhyiung'' === Ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu === * 1,000,000: ''Milyon'' ma ọ bụ cyikwop jhyiung ma ọ bụ nanị Cyikwop a̱ka̱feang jhyiong''Cyikwop a̱ka̱feang jhyiung'' * 1,000,000: ''Bilyon'' ma ọ bụ ''Cyikwop cyikwop'' ma ọ bụ nanị ''Cyikwop a̱ka̱tat jhyiung'' * <ref name="Unpub">Akau, K. (2020). </ref>,000,000,000: ''Trilyon'' ma ọ bụ ''cyikwop cyikwop'' Cyikwop ma ọ bụ naanị ''Cyikwop a̱ka̱naai jhyiung''. Tyap nwere ụzọ atọ e si ede nkeji 1-5. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a na-eme ka nkwekọrịta na Tyap gbadata naanị nọmba dị ala na adjectives ole na ole. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Follingstad|first=Alison J.|title=Aspects of Tyap Syntax|location=Arlington|publisher=University of Texas MA thesis|year=1991}}</ref><ref name="EBCongo">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqF5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Tyap&pg=PA128|title=East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs (Niger-Congo Comparative Studies 1)|editor=Watters, John R.|author=Blench|first=Roger M.|publisher=Language Science Press|pages=128–129|location=[[Berlin]]|year=2018|isbn=9783961101009|accessdate=13 December 2023}}</ref> na-agbaso ụdị nkwekọrịta 'direct-copy' ma ọ bụ 'echo' nke nọmba ahụ nwere otu prefix ahụ dị ka aha ọ kwekọrọ na ya, ebe a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ''a̱ka̱sa'' (ụlọ) - a̱ka yaysa na (ụlọ) (ụlọ abụọ) - a yayka̱sa a̱feang na (ụlọ abụọ ahụ), ''nkyang'' (ihe) - ''nkyang na'' (ihe) (ihe) -''nkyang nfeang'' (ihe abụọ) - nk ''nkyang nfeang na''-ak (ihe abụọ ahụ), na ''nywán'' (ụmụ nnụnụ) - ''nywán ji'' (ụmụ anụmanụ abụọ) - nywan ji (ụnywán) - sweang (ụmụ Maka ihe atụ nke abụọ, a na-agbakwunye prefix "n-" na nkeji dị ala mgbe ejiri ya na ọtụtụ aha na-ebu "hu" otu dịka ''kyang'' (ihe). == Aha maka asụsụ ndị ọzọ == Ụfọdụ aha Tyap maka ndị agbata obi na languaɡes ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị a: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Asụsụ !Nchịkọta !Aha Tyap |- |Mkpụrụ osisi |Beromic, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |Kuut, [[wiktionary:kcg:Kuruk|Kuruk]] |- |[[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] |Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ, German, Indo-European |[[wiktionary:kcg:Shong|Shong]]; [[wiktionary:kcg:Nggi̱li̱t|Nggi̱li̱t]] |- |[[Asụsụ Fula|Fulfulde]], Fula |Central, Eastern Fula, Fulani-Wolof, Sene-Gambian, Northern, West Atlantic |[[wiktionary:kcg:Fa̱taa|Fa̱taa]] |- |[[Asụsụ Hausa|Ndị Hausa]] |A.1, A, West Chadic |[[wiktionary:kcg:Kpat|Kpat]] |- |[[Asụsụ Hyam|Hyam]] |Hyamic, Northwestern, Western Plateau, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Daa|Daa]] |- |[[Asụsụ Igáláà|Igala]] |Yoruboid, Defoid, West Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Ga̱ra|Ga̱ra]] |- |[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Igbo]] |Igbo, Igboid, West Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:A̱kum-a̱cyi|A̱kum-a̱cyi]]; [[wiktionary:kcg:Igbo|Igbo]] |- |Iten |Ala dị larịị nke Beromic, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Tyen|Nwanne nne]] |- |[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Kulu|Kulu]] |Ebe Ugwu Plateau, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Sunkurum|Sunkurum]] |- |[[Kamantan language|Nɡhan]] |Ninzic Plateau, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Byoot|Byoot]], [[wiktionary:kcg:Byorok|Byorok]] |- |Nikyob |A, Southwestern, Western Plateau, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Kuu|Kuu]] |- |Riɡwe |Southcentral, Central Plateau, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Á̱nietza̱fan|A̱nynyụ]] |- |[[Tiv language|Tiv]] |Tivoid, Southern Bantoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Zi̱ya|Zi̱ya]], [[wiktionary:kcg:Zi̱tya|Zi̱tya]]; [[wiktionary:kcg:Tivi|Tivi]] |- |T'kurmi |Kauru, Northern Jos, Eastern Kainji, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Wai|Wai]] |- |[[Asusu Atsam|Tsam]] |Piti-Atsam, Eastern Kainji, Platoid, East Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:Tsamyia̱|Tsamyio]] |- |[[Asụsụ Yoruba|Yoruba]] |Yoruboid, Defoid, West Benue-Conɡo |[[wiktionary:kcg:A̱ghwangkpang|A̱ghwangkpang]]; [[wiktionary:kcg:Yoruba|Yoruba]] |} == Asụsụ ndị yiri ya == == Ọnọdụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ == Nnyocha egosiwo <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ndimele|first=Ozo-Mekuri|title=Language Endangerment: Globalisation & the fate of minority languages in Nigeria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G266CwAAQBAJ|journal=The Nigerian Linguists Festschrift Series|date=2015|issue=12|pages=99–106|accessdate=December 3, 2020}}</ref> a na-ahazi asụsụ Tyap dị ka otu n'ime Asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke na-apụ n'anya. Nnyocha nke Ayuba (2014) gosipụtara na Tyap nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nakwa na [[Asụsụ Hausa]] na enweghị nnyefe nke Tyap site na ọgbọ ndị okenye nke Atyap na ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto kpatara n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka ihe ize ndụ nke Tyap. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayuba|first=Y.|year=2014|title=Language Endangerment and the Survival of Tyap: Implications for Transitional Bilingual Education (MA Thesis)|url=https://kubanni-backend.abu.edu.ng/server/api/core/bitstreams/7a7864de-dbe1-4583-84d9-c8da911a9c98/content|format=PDF|work=Ahmadu Bello University|publisher=Unpublished|accessdate=December 13, 2023|archivedate=December 13, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213200711/https://kubanni-backend.abu.edu.ng/server/api/core/bitstreams/7a7864de-dbe1-4583-84d9-c8da911a9c98/content}}</ref> ahụ tụrụ aro, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, na '''Atyap Community Development Association (ACDA) ''' kwesịrị ịtọlite kọmitii iji mee ka a mara mkpa Atyap biliri ma chekwaa asụsụ ha na nke ọzọ iji rụọ ọrụ iji guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ ezumike ebe ndị okenye ga-enye nlekọta ụmụaka tupu ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ụmụaka Tyap nwere ike imikpu n'asụsụ ahụ. == Hụkwa == * [[Asụsụ Kuteb]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} Nnyocha nke Ayuba (2014) gosipụtara na Tyap nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nakwa na [[Asụsụ Hausa]] na enweghị nnyefe nke Tyap site na ọgbọ ndị okenye nke [[Ndị Atyap|Atyap]] na ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto kpatara n'ụzọ dị ukwuu makaNnyocha nke Ayuba (2014) gosipụtara na Tyap nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nakwa na [[Asụsụ Hausa]] na enweghị nnyefe nke Tyap site na ọgbọ ndị okenye nke [[Ndị Atyap|Atyap]] na ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto kpatara n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == ; Akwụkwọ na ihe odide == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://comparalex.org/resources/index.php?page=query&w1=262 Sholio (Tyap) ComparaLex] * [https://door43.org/u/Joseph/kcg-x-takad_luk_text_ulb/master/ Akwụkwọ Luk na Takad] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605010438/https://asjp.clld.org/languages/TYAP Ndepụta okwu Tyap (Gworok)] * [http://www.4laws.com/laws/tyap/default.htm Iwu 4](n'asụsụ Tyap) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240223103213/https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/2045 Tyap: Asụsụ Katab] (Global Recordings Network) * [https://5fish.mobi/kcg/2045 Ihe omume na Tyap] (Global Recordings Network) * [https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_gwo World Atlas of Language Structure Online] (Gworok) * [http://www.language-archives.org/language/kcg Ihe onwunwe OLAC na banyere asụsụ Tyap] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rekqej04u7akis30b2d7nrailg09zph 0 37457 743797 720253 2026-11-07T12:31:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743797 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;" |Namuzi |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;" |Namuyi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |A mụrụ ya&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[[China]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala</div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |5,000 (2007)<ref name="e18">[https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/nmy/ Namuzi] at ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></ref>&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; "><span class="wrap">[[Language family|Ezinụlọ asụsụ]]</span></div> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<div style="text-align:left;">[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Ndị China na ndị Tibet]] * [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] ** Loloish ma ọ bụ [[Qiangic languages|Qiangic]] (?) *** [[Naic languages|Onye na-amaghị nke a na-akọ]] **** '''Namuzi''' </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;" |Koodu asụsụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">[[ISO 639-3]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>[[iso639-3:nmy|nmy]]</code> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |''[[Glottolog]]'' | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |<code>[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/namu1246 namu1246]</code> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;" |[[Endangered Languages Project|ELP]] | class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20220428024213/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/21 Namuyi] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;" |[[File:Lang_Status_80-VU.svg|frameless]]<div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Namuyi bụ nke [[UNESCO]] Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger kewara dị ka onye na-adịghị ike[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas nke Asụsụ Ụwa Na-anọ n'Ihe Iche Ndụ]]</span></div></div> |} <ref>{{Cite web|title=Namuyi|url=https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/namuyi|accessdate=7 June 2023|work=UNESCO WAL|language=en|archivedate=7 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607095252/https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/namuyi}}</ref>'''Namuyi''' (Namuzi; autonym: ''{{IPA|na54 mʑi54}}'') bụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman nke sitere na alaka Naic, nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 na-asụ. A na-asụkarị ya na ndịda Sichuan. Sun Hongkai (2001) na Guillaume Jacques (2011) kewara Namuyi dị ka Qiangic. Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nwere nghọta dị ala. Na Sichuan, a na-asụ ya na Muli County na Mianning County. <ref name="Nishida 2013">{{Cite journal|author=Nishida|first=Fuminobu|date=2013|title=Phonetics and Phonology of Dzolo Dialect of Namuyi|journal=Arutesu Riberaresu / Artes Liberales|volume=92|pages=21–54|doi=10.15113/00013130}}</ref> ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ [1] na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ ya nke ọma na-ebelata site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma anaghị asụ asụsụ ahụ, kama ha na-asụgharị Asụsụ Sichuan nke Chinese. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Namuyi|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/21|accessdate=2 November 2021|work=Endangered Languages|archivedate=28 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428024213/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/21}}</ref> == Ebe a na-ekesa ya == Namuyi bụ asụsụ a na-asụ n'Obodo nta anọ ndị a dị na ndịda Sichuan: <ref name="Lakhi et al. 2007">{{Cite journal|author=Lakhi|first=Libu|date=2007|title=The Namuyi: Linguistic and Cultural Features|url=https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/763|journal=Asian Folklore Studies|volume=66|issue=1/2|pages=233–253|archive-date=2021-06-24|access-date=2024-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212133/https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/763|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Obodo Dàshuǐ Obodo ukwu水村, Mínshèng Obodo ukwu 民胜鄉, Obodo Xīchāng (80 agbụrụ Namuyi) * __ibo__ N'afọ 53 (aha Namuyi): Obodo nta Hiǎngshuǐ 響水村, Xiǎngshuǐ Obodo nta 響水鄉, Obodo Xīchāng (800 agbụrụ Namuyi) * ''{{IPA|ɕa11 ma11 khu53}}'' (aha Namuyi): Obodo Dōngfēng 東風村, Zéyuǎn, Obodo 澤遠鄉, Miǎnníng County (560 agbụrụ Namuyi) * ''{{IPA|ʂa44 pa53}}'' (aha Namuyi): Obodo Lǎoyā Obodo 老鴉村, Obodo Shābà, Obodo Miǎnníng (290 agbụrụ Namuyi) == Asụsụ == A na-ekewa asụsụ Namuyi n'ime asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche, asụsụ nke ndị mmadụ na-asụ na Muli, na asụsụ nke ndị a na-asụrụ na Mianning. <ref name="Hongkai 1990">{{Cite journal|author=Hongkai|first=Sun|date=1990|title=Languages of the Ethnic Corridor in Western Sichuan|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sun1990languages.pdf|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616080856/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sun1990languages.pdf|archive-date=2015-06-16|access-date=2024-02-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> ndị a dị iche iche karịsịa na phonology, ebe asụsụ Mianning na Yanyuan nwere ụyọkọ ụdaume ole na ole ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ Mianning da Xichang. == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == <ref name="Hongkai 1990"/> nwere mkpụrụedemede 40 na asụsụ Namuyi. <ref name="Nishida 2013"/> nwekwara ụdaume iri, /i/ maka [i], /e/ maka [e], /ɛ/ maka [ɛ], /ɨ/ maka [ʃ,ɯ] /ʉ/ maka [y], /ə/ maka [ə], /a/ maka [a], /u/ maka [u], /o/ maka [o], na /ɔ/ maka [ɔ] . <ref name="Nishida 2013" /> Ogologo ụdaume phonological, ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-ekwu okwu nwere ike ịgbatị ụdaume na nkeji okwu mbụ mgbe ụfọdụ iji mesie okwu ike. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Bilabial ! colspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Retroflex ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Uvular ! rowspan="2" |Mkpịsị aka |- !ala dị larịị !atọ !ala dị larịị !atọ |- ! colspan="2" |Ụgbọ imi |m | |n | | |ɲ |ŋ | | |- ! rowspan="3" |Kwụsị !enweghị olu |p |{{IPA|pʙ}} |t |{{IPA|tʙ}} | | |k |q | (ʔ) |- !kwuru okwu |b |{{IPA|bʙ}} |d |{{IPA|dʙ}} | | |ɡọ |Ọdịdị | |- !aspirated |{{IPA|pʰ}} | |{{IPA|tʰ}} | | | |{{IPA|kʰ}} |{{IPA|qʰ}} | |- ! rowspan="3" |Africate !enweghị olu | | |t͡s | |tʂ |t͡ɕ | | | |- !kwuru okwu | | |d͡z | |di na nwunye |__ibo____ibo____ibo__ Nke a bụ: | | | |- !aspirated |ph͡s, ph͡ʂ | |{{IPA|t͡sʰ}} | |{{IPA|tʂʰ}} |{{IPA|t͡ɕʰ}} | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Ihe na-esiri ike !enweghị olu |f | |s | |ʂ | |x |χ | |- !kwuru okwu |v | |z | |Ọdịdị | | |Ụkpụrụ |Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka ọ dị |- ! rowspan="2" |Ihe atụ !enweghị olu | | |Ọ bụ n'afọ ndị ahụ ka a na-akpọ | | | | | | |- !kwuru okwu |w | |l | | |j | | | |} == Edensibia == kewara Namuyi dị ka Qiangic. Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nwere nghọta dị ala. Na Sichuan, a na-asụ ya{{Reflist}} *   == Njikọ mpụga == * ELAR archive nke akwụkwọ asụsụ Namuyi[http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0217 Ihe odide asụsụ Namuyi] b9rvc888uf4cs5snqymt422zpuuaamx 0 37483 743803 728520 2026-11-07T14:48:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|date=2013–2023}} '''Siwi''' (nke a makwaara dị ka '''Siwa''' ma ọ bụ '''Siwa Berber'''; aha ala: '''{{Lang|siz|Jlan n isiwan}}''') bụ [[Berber languages|Asụsụ Berber]] kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke a na-ekwu n'ọzara ọdịda anyanwụ Ijipt site na mmadụ 15,000 ruo 20,000 na Oasis nke Siwa na Gara, nso Ókèala Libya. Siwi bụ asụsụ nkịtị nke nkwurịta okwu kwa ụbọchị n'etiti ndị Berber Ijipt nke Siwa na Gara, mana n'ihi na anaghị akụzi ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ, nke gọọmentị Ijipt na-eji eme ihe ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentụ Ijipt nabatara, ọ ga-abụ na ọ ga-eyi ndụ ya ogologo oge egwu site na kọntaktị ya na iji Arabic Ijipt na alụmdi na nwunye ngwakọta; ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Siwi niile taa na-amụta ịsụ asụsụ Arabic Ijipt dị ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ site na nwata. Siwi enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu site na [[Arabic]], karịsịa ndị Ijipt na Ndị Bedouin, kamakwa ọkwa mbụ nke Arabic. Siwi bụ naanị asụsụ Berber nke a mụrụ n'Ijipt ma na-asụ ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ karịa ụdị Berber ọ bụla ọzọ dị na North Africa. N'ime Berber, ọ na-apụta maka ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke asụsụ, gụnyere ọdịda nke ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị n'ọtụtụ, enweghị ụdị ngwaa na-adịghị mma, ojiji nke nkwekọrịta zuru oke na ngwaa na isiokwu re{{Lang|siz|la}}, ojiji de la maka ịgbagha ahịrịokwu na ịgbaziri site na Arabic nke ụdị ntụnyere na-arụpụta ihe maka adjectives. Siwi na-egosipụtakwa otu ụdị nke dị oke ụkọ, ọ bụghị naanị na mpaghara kamakwa n'ụwa niile: nkwekọrịta onye na-edetara na ngosipụta. == Nchịkọta == A na-ejikọta Siwi na mpaghara [[Asụsụ Zenati|Zenati]] nke Berber, na-agbaso ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke iri na ise al-Maqrizi, na Destaing, bụ ndị na-emeso ha abụọ dị ka ndị otu "ìgwè du Nord", na ndabere nke myirịta na usoro okwu. [1] na-ekwu na ọ na-ekerịta njirimara nke mbelata ụdaume prefix na Zenati. Militarev, [1] Ethnologue [2] sochiri, tinyere Siwi n'òtù Eastern Berber, tinyere Awjila na Sokna n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti [[Libya]]. [1] jikọtara ya na Sokna na ụyọkọ asụsụ Nafusi nke ọdịda anyanwụ Libya na Tunisia, mana ọ bụghị na Awjila. [1] n'otu aka ahụ na-arụ ụka, dabere na ihe ọhụrụ ndị e nwekọrọ ọnụ, na Siwi sitere na asụsụ na-aga n'ihu n'etiti Nafusi na Sokna nke na-ewepu Awjila, ma gaa n'ihu na-enwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na Awjila mgbe asụsụ a gbasara. "Endangered Languages Project" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/295|title=Siwi|work=The Endangered Languages Project|accessdate=2024-02-28|archivedate=2023-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615182620/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/295}}</ref> na-ekewa asụsụ Siwa dị ka nke na-adịghị ike ịla n'iyi, na-edepụta 20% nkwenye dabere na ihe akaebe a chịkọtara. == Ọmụmụ ụdaolu == Dị ka Naumann nyochara, Siwi nwere ngụkọta nke akụkụ 44 dị iche iche, ụdaume 38 na ụdaume 6. === Mkpụrụ okwu === Asụsụ Siwa nwere ụdaume , nke ọ bụla nwere ike ịpụta ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Akpụkpọ ahụ ! colspan="2" |Alveolar<br /><small> (Ọdịdị dị egwu) </small> ! rowspan="2" |Postalveolar/Palatal <small> (Laminal) </small> <br /><br /> ! colspan="2" |Velar ! colspan="2" |Uvular ! rowspan="2" |Epiglottal ! rowspan="2" |Mkpịsị aka |- style="font-size: x-small;" !ala dị larịị !Far. !ala dị larịị !Far. !ala dị larịị !ụlọ nyocha !ala dị larịị !ụlọ nyocha |- ! colspan="2" |Ụgbọ imi |m |na-eme |n | | | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Kwụsị !<small>enweghị olu</small> | | |t |na-adị |t͡ʃ* |k |kw |q |qw | | (ʔ) |- !<small>kwuru okwu</small> |b |na-adị |d |di na nwunye |d͡ʒ* |ɡọ |ɡw | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Ihe na-esiri ike !<small>enweghị olu</small> |f |na-adị |s |na-ekwu na ọ bụ |ʃ | | |χ |χw |Ọdịdị | |- !<small>kwuru okwu</small> | | |z |Zhia | | | |ʁ* |ʁw* |Ọdịdị* |Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka ọ dị |- ! colspan="2" |N'akụkụ | | |l |Ọ bụ n'afọ ndị ahụ ka a na-akpọ | | | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Ihe atụ | | | | |j | |w | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Ihe na-akpaghị aka | | |ɾ* |na-ekwu na ọ bụ | | | | | | | |} === Ilu === 'etiti akwụkwọ ndị dị ugbu a na Siwi, ọ bụ naanị Malim na-atụle ilu n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti "omume", ndụmọdụ oge n'ụdị ilu, na ilu kwesịrị ekwesị. Ihe atụ nke mbụ gụnyere "Yiri uwe ndị ọzọ na-ahọrọ, mana rie ma ṅụọ ihe ị na-ahụrụ"; nke ikpeazụ, "Onye na-ere ehi, ma rịọ maka ego maka ụmụ ahụhụ na ya" (na transcription ya, Yzenz tfonst, eftash aflokrad ines), na-akwa nchegbu gabigara ókè banyere obere ego. == Ihe Nlereanya == Ihe osise nke obere ihe <ref>{{Cite web|author=Moussa|first=Mohamed Ibrahim|url=http://www.siwaoasis.com/siwa_language.html|title=Siwa Oasis|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923153348/http://www.siwaoasis.com/siwa_language.html|archivedate=2023-09-23}}</ref> na njikọ na-esonụ nwere ndepụta nke nnọchiaha na ekele ndị e dere na Siwi, mgbe ahụ na nkwupụta Bekee na ntụgharị, ma mechie na nkọwa nke okwu ahụ na Arabic. == Edensibia == mana ọ bụghị na Awjila. [1] n'otu aka ahụ na-arụ ụka, dabere na ihe ọhụrụ ndị e nwekọrọ ọnụ, na Siwi sitere na asụsụ na-aga n'ihu n'etiti Nafusi na Sokna nke na-ewepu Awjila, ma gaa n'ihu na-enwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na{{Reflist|30em}} * {{Cite book|author=Al-Jawhari|first=Rifaa|date=1949|publisher=Dar Al-Qawmiya|location=Cairo|pages=209–219}} * {{Cite book|author=Al-Maqrizi|first=Ahmed bin Ali bin Abdul Qadir|date=1997|publisher=Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah|location=Beirut|url=http://islamport.com/k/bld/5025/433.htm|title=Archive copy|archive-date=2021-09-24|access-date=2024-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924053305/http://islamport.com/k/bld/5025/433.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book|author=Abd Allah|first=Mahmud Mohammad|chapter=Siwan Customs|editor=Bates|title=Varia Africana I|date=1917|publisher=Harvard University|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=2–28}} * {{Cite book|author=Aikhenvald|first=Alexandra Y.|title=IV vsesojuznaja konferencija afrikanistov 'Afrika v 80-e gody: itogi i perspektivy razvitija' (Moskva, 3-5 oktjabrja 1984 g.), II|date=1984|publisher=Institut Afrika Akademii Nauk SSSR|location=Moscow|pages=83–85|chapter=Klassifikacja livijsko-guančskih jazykov}} *   * {{Cite journal|author=Bricchetti-Robetti|first=Luigi|title=Sul dialetto di Siuwah|journal=Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei|date=1889|volume=286|issue=5|url=http://emeroteca.braidense.it/beic_attacc/sfoglia_articolo.php?IDTestata=927&CodScheda=00AI&IDT=34&IDV=387&IDF=0&IDA=14502|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208164716/http://emeroteca.braidense.it/beic_attacc/sfoglia_articolo.php?IDTestata=927&CodScheda=00AI&IDT=34&IDV=387&IDF=0&IDA=14502|archive-date=2023-12-08|access-date=2024-02-28|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|author=Destaing|first=Edmond|title=Note sur la conjugaison des verbes de forme C1eC2|journal=Mémoires de la Société Linguistique de Paris|volume=22|year=1920|pages=139–148}} * {{Cite book|author=Fakhry|first=Ahmed|title=Siwa Oasis|url=https://archive.org/details/siwaoasis0000fakh_j4m4|date=1973|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|location=Cairo|isbn=977-424-123-1}} * {{Cite book|author=Kossmann|first=Maarten|year=1999|title=Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère|location=Köln|publisher=Köppe|isbn=9783896450357}} * {{Cite book|authorlink=Maarten Kossmann|author=Kossmann|first=Maarten|title=The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber|series=Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics|publisher=Brill|year=2013|isbn=978-90-04-25308-7}} * {{Cite book|author=Laoust|first=Emile|title=Siwa I: son parler|date=1932|publisher=Ernest Leroux|location=Paris}} * {{Cite book|author=Malim|first=Fathy|title=Oasis Siwa: From the Inside. 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Westfalen}} * {{Cite journal|author=Souag|first=Lameen|title=Siwa and its significance for Arabic dialectology|journal=Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik|date=2009|volume=51|pages=51–75}} *   * {{Cite book|author=Souag|first=Lameen|title=Berber and Arabic in Siwa (Egypt)|date=2013|publisher=Rüdiger Köppe|location=Köln|isbn=978-3-89645-937-4}} * {{Cite journal|author=Souag|first=Lameen|title=The development of addressee agreement on demonstratives|journal=Diachronica|date=2014|volume=31|issue=4|pages=535–563|doi=10.1075/dia.31.4.04sou}} * {{Cite journal|author=Souag|first=Lameen|title=The Development of Dative Agreement in Berber: Beyond Nominal Hierarchies|journal=Transactions of the Philological Society|date=2015|volume=113|issue=2|pages=213–248|doi=10.1111/1467-968X.12049|url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01376203/file/postprint-souag2015_development_of_dative_agreement_in_berber.pdf}} * {{Cite journal|author=Souag|first=Lameen|title=The origin of mid vowels in Siwi|journal=Studies in African Linguistics|date=2016|volume=45|issue=1 & 2|pages=189–208|doi=10.32473/sal.v45i1.107251|url=http://sal.research.pdx.edu/PDF/450Souag.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-18|access-date=2024-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918202353/http://sal.research.pdx.edu/PDF/450Souag.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|author=Stanley|first=C. V. B.|title=The Siwan Language and Vocabulary, Proper Names, Siwan Money, Weights and Measures (Continued from the Journal of April, 1912.)|journal=Journal of the Royal African Society|date=1912|volume=11|issue=44|pages=438–457}} * {{Cite book|title=Atlas of the world's languages in danger|author=UNESCO|year=2010|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026|accessdate=2023-03-02|editor=Moseley}} * {{Cite book|author=Vycichl|first=Werner|year=2005|chapter=Jlân n Isîwan: Sketch of the Berber Language of the Oasis of Siwa (Egypt)|title=Berberstudien & A Sketch of Siwi Berber (Egypt)|editor=Ibriszimow|series=Berber Studies|location=Köln|publisher=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag|isbn=3-89645-389-0}} * {{Cite book|author=Walker|first=W. Seymour|title=The Siwi Language|date=1921|publisher=Kegan Paul|location=London}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://pangloss.cnrs.fr/corpus/Siwi?lang=en&mode=normal Ihe ndekọ Pangloss nke ihe ndekọ Siwi na transcriptions na nsụgharị] * [http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0283 ELAR archive nke akụkọ Siwi na mkparịta ụka ndekọ] * [http://www.livingreviews.org/wals/languoid/lect/wals_code_bsi Ntinye nke World Atlas of Language Structures] * Siwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20230615182620/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/295 Ị maara na Siwi bụ onye na-adịghị ike?] na Ọrụ Asụsụ Ndị Nweta Nri * Nwa okorobịa na-asụ asụsụ Siwi Endangered Project - Siwi - Nwa okorobịa[https://web.archive.org/web/20200111230538/http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/295/samples/8682 Ọrụ Asụsụ Ndị Nweta - Siwi - Nwa nwoke na-ekwu] Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu na Siwi: * [https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/region/africa/africa/linguistics/staff/dr-christfried-naumann/publications Christfried Naumann] * [https://lameensouag.wordpress.com/languages/siwi/ Lameen Souag] * [https://unior.academia.edu/ValentinaSchiattarella Valentina Schiattarella] * [https://uni-bayreuth.academia.edu/ValentinaSerreli Valentina Serreli] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3bz5shotydj7ml868w48xbs6tixn1fb 0 38945 743850 588624 2026-11-08T02:04:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743850 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Clarice Evone Phelps''' ( née Salone ) {{R|ORNL09}} bụ onye American nuclear chemist na-eme nchọpụta nhazi nke ihe transuranic redioaktivu na US Department of Energy 's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ORNL nke jikọrọ aka na ụlọ ọrụ nkwonkwo maka nyocha nuklia iji chọpụta tennessine (mmebere 117). <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://iupac.org/100/chemist/clarice-phelps-es/|title=Clarice Phelps|work=IUPAC 100}}</ref> International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) na-amata ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ Africa-American na-etinye aka na nchọpụta nke kemịkal. <ref name="auto1" /> {{R|periodic|oakridger|PhysicsToday}} Phelps nọbu na mmemme ike nuklia nke ndị agha mmiri US. Na ORNL, Phelps na-achịkwa mmemme na Ngalaba Energy's Isotope & Fuel Cycle Technology Division <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/two-ornl-researchers-featured-periodic-table-younger-chemists|title=Two ORNL researchers featured on 'Periodic Table of Younger Chemists' &#124; ORNL|work=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|first=Abby|author=Bower|date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> na-enyocha ojiji ụlọ ọrụ nke nickel-63 na selenium-75 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-celebrates-black-history-month-distinguished-scientists-past-and-present|title=DOE Celebrates Black History Month: Distinguished Scientists Past and Present|date=February 19, 2020|work=[[United States Department of Energy]]}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A zụlitere Clarice Phelps na steeti [[Tennessee]] nke America. {{R|Qualls}} Mmasị ya na kemistri malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe nne ya nyere ya microscope na ngwa sayensị dabeere na encyclopedia. Ndị nkuzi sayensị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị zụlitere mmasị ya. {{R|ORNL18}} Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nke Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group, ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. {{R|TAP}} Phelps dechara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na kemistri na Mahadum steeti Tennessee na 2003. {{R|ORNL18}} Site na 2016 ruo 2020, Phelps nwetara MS na injinia site na mmemme nuklia na redio na Mahadum Texas na Austin . {{As of|2021}} </link></link> , Phelps bụ nwa akwụkwọ PhD na mmemme injinia nuklia na Mahadum Tennessee . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Phelps|first=Clarice|date=February 2021|title=CV|url=https://www.ornl.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/Clarice%20CV.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517044155/https://www.ornl.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/Clarice%20CV.pdf|archivedate=May 17, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Gabrielle2021">{{Cite news|author=Gabrielle|first=Vincent|title=40 Under 40: Clarice Phelps played key role in discovering a new element on periodic table|url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/money/2021/01/18/40-under-40-knoxville-news-sentinel-clarice-phelps-oak-ridge-national-lab/6413784002/|accessdate=September 21, 2021|work=Knoxville News Sentinel|date=January 18, 2021}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === Ndị agha mmiri United States === Phelps gbara mgba agụmakwụkwọ na kọleji. {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3:14">&#x3A;&#x200A;3:14&#x200A;</span></sup>N'ịbụ onye na-enweghị ike ịchọta ọrụ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ sonyeere ndị agha mmiri United States . {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11:52">&#x3A;&#x200A;11:52&#x200A;</span></sup>Phelps debanyere aha na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ike Nuclear nke ndị agha mmiri, nke ọ kwadoro ịkụziri ya "otu esi amụ ihe". {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3:22">&#x3A;&#x200A;3:22&#x200A;</span></sup>Phelps mụrụ ike nuklia, reactor theory, na thermodynamics, {{R|ORNL18}} wee gụchaa na 10% kacha elu nke klas ya nke ụmụ akwụkwọ 300-400. {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3:49">&#x3A;&#x200A;3:49&#x200A;</span></sup>Na 2019, Phelps gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ gbasoro kemịkalụ nuklia n'otu akụkụ n'ihi enweghị ụmụ nwanyị ojii nọ n'ọhịa, {{R|Qualls}} na-ekwu: "Ha kwesịrị ịhụ onye dị ka m ka ọ nọ ọdụ n'otu oghere ahụ ha nọ, ma na-eme nke ọma n'otu oghere ahụ." {{R|Qualls}} Phelps jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ na-abụghị onye ọrụ na mmemme ike nuklia ndị agha mmiri nke United States . {{R|TAP|Knox|TEDx}} Ọ nọrọ afọ anọ na ọkara n'ụgbọ ụgbọelu USS Ronald Reagan, {{R|YOSTEM}} na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa nuklia na njikwa kemịkalụ uzuoku, na idowe mmiri na reactor. E bugara ya ugboro abụọ, {{R|Qualls}} ma bụrụ naanị nwanyị ojii na ngalaba ya n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4:25">&#x3A;&#x200A;4:25&#x200A;</span></sup> === Oak Ridge National Laboratory === Mgbe o jesịrị ozi na ndị agha mmiri US, Phelps rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ Cole-Parmer na [[Chicago]], Illinois, mana otu afọ ka e mesịrị, na-enweghị mmasị na ihu igwe Chicago oyi, ọ laghachiri na Tennessee. {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2:30">&#x3A;&#x200A;2:30&#x200A;</span></sup>Na June 2009, Phelps sonyeere Oak Ridge National Laboratory . {{R|ORNL09}} Ọ malitere dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nkà na ụzụ ma emesịa kwalite ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọrụ nyocha na onye njikwa mmemme. {{R|Qualls}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2:40">&#x3A;&#x200A;2:40&#x200A;</span></sup>Phelps na-arụ ọrụ na Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate dị ka onye njikwa ọrụ maka mmemme isotope mmepụta nickel-63 na selenium-75 . Dịka onye otu Oak Ridge's Nuclear Materials Processing Group, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị ọrụ nyocha na mmepe, na-arụ ọrụ na isotopes transuranic "dị arọ" nke a na-emepụta tumadi site na ntụgharị nuklia . Ọ bụkwa onye so na Medical, Industrial and Research Isotopes Group, ebe ọ na-enyocha ihe ndị dị ka actinium, lanthanum, europium, na samarium . {{R|ORNL18|ORNLBio}} Phelps tinyere aka na nchọta ihe nke abụọ kacha sie ike, tennessine (mmebere 117). {{R|PhysicsToday|WaPo}} Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọnwa atọ iji sachaa 22&nbsp;mg nke berkelium-249, nke e zigara na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nzuzo maka Nchọpụta Nuclear ma jikọta ya na calcium-48 na mmeghachi omume njikọ iji mepụta tennessine. {{R|PhysicsToday|ORNL18|ORNLVideo}} N'ime ụlọ nyocha Oak Ridge na-akwụ ụgwọ nke IUPAC dị ka onye isi ngalaba nchọpụta tennessine, ọ nabatara ndị mmadụ 61 nọ na ORNL ndị nyere aka na ọrụ a gụnyere ndị ọrụ ọrụ, ndị ọrụ nkwado na ndị nyocha dịka Phelps. {{R|PhysicsToday}} {{R|periodic|oakridger|PhysicsToday}} Ọ matara Phelps dị ka nwanyị mbụ Africa-American tinyere aka na nchọpụta nke kemịkal . {{R|periodic|oakridger|PhysicsToday}} Mgbe Oak Ridge National Laboratory nwere gala iji sọpụrụ ma mee ememe otu ndị chọpụtara tennessine, aha Phelps nọ na ndepụta ahụ, mgbe ọ pụtara, ọ bere ákwá ka ọ ghọtara na ya enweghị oche na tebụl na onye nke ọzọ. ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Na mgbakwunye, e mepụtara ihe ncheta maka ncheta nchọpụta ahụ ka a kpọgidere ya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na ụlọ nyocha, ọzọkwa, o wepụrụ aha ya. A gwara Phelps na ebipụrụ aha ya site na mmejọ n'ihi nkwụsị ahịrị na mpempe akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ nyocha ahụ mechara kwuo na "e meziri njehie ahụ ngwa ngwa", ọ bụ naanị mgbe Phelps lụrụ ọgụ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa iji tinye aha ya ka ụlọ nyocha ahụ kwetara. {{R|CNN}} Phelps enyela aka na mbọ nyocha ndị ọzọ, {{R|ORNL18}} gụnyere ndị nyocha spectroscopic na spectrophotometric valence steeti ọmụmụ nke plutonium-238 na neptunium-237 na 238 maka National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). {{R|DePaoli}} Phelps ejirila californium-252 mụọ electrodeposition maka ọrụ nkwalite Californium Rare Isotope Breeder. {{R|ORNL18}} Phelps bụ onye otu American Chemical Society . {{R|ORNL18}} === Nkà mmụta sayensị; ihe nrite na nnabata === Phelps na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi iji mee ka ndị ntorobịa na-ekere òkè na ngalaba [[STIM|sayensị, teknụzụ, injinia, na mgbakọ na mwepụ]] (STEM). {{R|ORNL18}} <ref name="Gabrielle2021"/> Ọ na-eje ozi na kọmitii mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ ORNL dị ka oche dị iche iche maka ụlọ akwụkwọ Knox County . {{R|Knox}} O meela mgbasa ozi site na mmemme ASCEND nke Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority's isi nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ, na-eguzobe mmemme iji kuziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'ime obodo na Knoxville . {{R|ORNL18|Knox}} Phelps bụkwa osote onye isi oche nke Board of Youth Outreach in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (YO-STEM). {{R|YOSTEM}} E gosipụtara Phelps na mmemme akụkọ akụkọ Oak Ridge Associated Universities STEM, yana ụlọ akwụkwọ dị nso na Tennessee na-emekọ ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|work=ORAU|date=October 9, 2017|title=Could there be 'Hidden Figures' at Vine Middle School|url=https://www.orau.org/news/releases/2017/orau-showing-hidden-figures-at-vine-middle-school.html}}</ref> Phelps nwetara 2017 YWCA Knoxville Tribute to Women Award na ụdị Teknụzụ, Nnyocha na Innovation. Ihe nrite a na-akwado "ụmụ nwanyị obodo bụ ndị na-eduzi ubi ha na nkà na ụzụ ma na-eme nke ọma na ọrụ obodo". {{R|ORNL17}} <ref>{{Cite web|date=September 11, 2017|title=YWCA Tribune to Women {{pipe}} Technology, Research, Innovation|url=https://vimeo.com/233377303}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) gosipụtara Phelps na Tebụl oge nke Ndị Ntorobịa Chemists iji kwado "nkwa ya pụtara ìhè na nyocha na ntinye aka ọha, yana ịbụ onye nkwado dị mkpa maka ụdị dị iche iche". {{R|periodic|IUPAC|WBIR}} Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nyocha Oak Ridge National Laboratory abụọ si otú a kwanyere ugwu. {{R|oakridger}} A na-ejikọta Phelps na tebụl oge a na-asọpụrụ na einsteinium element, na-enwe ya na ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Julie Ezold, nyochara ịdị ọcha nke einsteinium-254, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/publication/separation-and-purification-berkelium-249-and-einsteinium-254|title=Separation and Purification of Berkelium-249 and Einsteinium-254|work=Oak Ridge National Laboratory}}</ref> na onye ọrụ ibe ya, onye nchọpụta post-doctoral [[Nathan Brewer]] nke Oak Ridge Laboratory's Physics Division, jikọtara ya na elementrị tennessine. <ref name="auto"/> Ntinye ha sochiri asọmpi nke IUPAC na International Younger Chemists Network (IYCN). {{R|ORT|ORNL19}} Na Disemba 6, 2019 TEDx NashvilleWomen, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/35429|title=TEDxNashvilleWomen &#124; TED|work=[[TED Talks]]}}</ref> Phelps gosipụtara okwu ahụ "Otu m siri kwuo oche na tebụl oge", ebe, dị ka ''TED Talks'' si kwuo, ọ "kwupụtara akụkọ ifo nke onye nwere ọgụgụ isi na ịma aka [d] ] institutional elitism site n'ịkesa akụkọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị agba na-eme ụzọ ha na sayensị". <ref>{{Cite web|first=Clarice|author=Phelps|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/clarice_phelps_how_i_claimed_a_seat_at_the_periodic_table|work=[[TED Talks]]|title=How I Claimed a Seat at the Periodic Table|date=December 2019}}</ref> === Akụkọ Wikipedia === Na Septemba 2018, ọkà mmụta sayensị Britain bụ Jessica Wade mepụtara edemede na [[Wikipedia nke ndị bekee|Wikipedia Bekee]] gbasara</meta> Phelps</meta></meta></meta> , <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90339700/a-deleted-wikipedia-page-speaks-volumes-about-its-biggest-problem|title=A deleted Wikipedia page speaks volumes about its biggest problem|work=Fast Company|date=|accessdate=March 1, 2020}}</ref> ma nke a ehichapụrụ na February 11, 2019. {{R|Undark}} Na Eprel 12, ''Washington Post'' bipụtara op-ed <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/it-matters-who-we-champion-in-science/2019/04/12/50a1781a-5d3d-11e9-9625-01d48d50ef75_story.html|title=It matters who we champion in science|work=The Washington Post|first=Maryam|author=Zaringhalam|date=April 12, 2019}}</ref> gbasara, n'otu akụkụ, enweghị mkpuchi Wikipedia nke Bekee nyere onyinye Phelps na nchọta nke element 117. Kọlụm a, nke Wade dekọrọ, katọrọ mkparịta ụka n'etiti ndị ndezi afọ ofufo na saịtị ahụ nke butere ihichapụ akụkọ na Phelps. {{R|Undark}} {{R|CW}} <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/12/07/physicist-embroiled-sexism-row-wikipedia-female-scientists-wrote/|title=Physicist accuses Wikipedia editors of sexism after female scientists she wrote profiles for tagged 'not notable enough'|first=Phoebe|author=Southworth|date=December 7, 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Dị ka otu isiokwu na July 2019 ''Chemistry World'' si kwuo, "aha ya apụtaghị na isiokwu ndị na-ekwupụta nchọpụta tennessine. Ọ bụghị mgbasa ozi ndị isi akọwapụtaghị ya. Ọtụtụ okwu banyere ọrụ ya dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onye ọrụ ya - isi iyi nke na-adịghị klaasị. dị ka nnwere onwe site n'ụkpụrụ Wikipedia na ya mere na ọ bụghị nke a na-anabata ma a bịa n'ịmepụta notability. {{R|CW}} A kpara nkata mkpochapụ ahụ ọtụtụ oge. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2020, enwere nkwekọrịta iji weghachi ya, n'ihi na ka ọ dị mgbe ahụ isi mmalite ọhụrụ adịla. == Edensibia == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/07/us/clarice-phelps-tennessine-element-117-scn-ctpr/index.html|title=How the First Black Woman to Help Discover an Element 'Claimed a Seat at the Periodic Table'|first=Charli|last=Leevongcharoen|publisher=CNN|date=February 7, 2023|language=en|access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref> <ref name=CW>{{cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/female-scientists-pages-keep-disappearing-from-wikipedia--whats-going-on/3010664.article|title=Female scientists' pages keep disappearing from Wikipedia – what's going on?|date=July 3, 2019|first=Katrina |last=Krämer|work=Chemistry World|language=en|access-date=July 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name=DePaoli>{{cite report|last1=DePaoli|first1=David W.|last2=Benker|first2=Dennis|last3=Delmau|first3=Laetitia Helene|last4=Sherman|first4=Steven R.|last5=Collins|first5=Emory D.|last6=Wham|first6=Robert M. |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |date=October 6, 2017 |title=Status Summary of Chemical Processing Development in Plutonium-238 Supply Program |osti=1430620 |page=xi}}</ref> <ref name="IUPAC"> {{cite web|website=IUPAC|title=10 more younger chemists added on the IUPAC100 Periodic Table|date=June 3, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2019|url=https://iupac.org/100/10-more-younger-chemists-added-on-the-iupac100-periodic-table/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604031649/https://iupac.org/100/10-more-younger-chemists-added-on-the-iupac100-periodic-table/|archive-date=June 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Knox">{{cite news |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/life/2017/07/30/ywca-tribute-women-finalists-and-special-award-winners/496987001/ |title=YWCA Tribute to Women Finalists and Special Award Winners |work=Knoxville News Sentinel |date=July 30, 2017 |access-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202242/https://www.knoxnews.com/story/life/2017/07/30/ywca-tribute-women-finalists-and-special-award-winners/496987001/ |archive-date=September 8, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="oakridger">{{cite news |title=Two ORNL researchers featured on 'Periodic Table of Younger Chemists' |url=https://www.oakridger.com/news/20190729/two-ornl-researchers-featured-on-periodic-table-of-younger-chemists |access-date=January 30, 2020 |work=The Oak Ridger |date=July 29, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=ORNL09>{{cite news |work=Oak Ridge National Laboratory Reporter |url=https://web.ornl.gov/info/reporter/no112/july09_dw.htm|title = New staff members |date=June 2009 |access-date = May 14, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514001651/https://web.ornl.gov/info/reporter/no112/july09_dw.htm|archive-date = May 14, 2019|url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=ORNL17>{{cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/content/phelps-wins-ywca-tribute-women|title=Phelps Wins YWCA Tribute to Women |website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044358/https://www.ornl.gov/content/phelps-wins-ywca-tribute-women|archive-date=September 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ORNL18>{{cite web|last=Simoneau|first=Sean|date=December 17, 2018|url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/clarice-phelps-dedicated-service-science-and-community|title=Clarice Phelps: Dedicated service to science and community|website=[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205224417/https://www.ornl.gov/news/clarice-phelps-dedicated-service-science-and-community |archive-date=February 5, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=ORNL19>{{cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/phelps-receives-international-honor-research-outreach|title=Phelps receives international honor for research, outreach|last=Ellis |first=Jason K|website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|access-date=June 3, 2019 }}</ref> <ref name="ORNLBio">{{cite web |url=https://www.ornl.gov/staff-profile/clarice-e-phelps |title=Clarice E Phelps |website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |access-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044424/https://www.ornl.gov/staff-profile/clarice-e-phelps |archive-date=September 1, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=ORNLVideo>{{cite AV media |publisher=ORNL Creative Media |title=REDC final approval |date=March 13, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3_8x-BTG-w |time=2:55 |access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref> <ref name=ORT>{{cite news |url=https://oakridgetoday.com/2019/07/23/ornl-engineer-the-first-african-american-woman-involved-in-discovery-of-an-element/|title=ORNL engineer the first African American woman involved in discovery of an element|work=Oak Ridge Today|date=July 23, 2019|access-date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="periodic">{{cite web|url=https://iupac.org/100/pt-of-chemist/#clarice-phelps-es|title=Periodic Table of Younger Chemists|website=IUPAC|date=2019|quote=She is the first African-American women [sic] to be involved with the discovery of an element, tennessine (Element 117).}}</ref> <ref name="PhysicsToday">{{cite news |title=The overlooked element makers |last=Jarvis |first=Claire |date=September 30, 2019 |journal=Physics Today |doi=10.1063/PT.6.4.20190930a }}</ref> <ref name="Qualls">{{cite podcast|last=Qualls|first=Marquita M.|title=SC97: Clarice Phelps, Nuclear Researcher and STEM Advocate|website=STEMulating Conversations with Dr. Q|publisher=Apple Podcasts|date=December 11, 2019|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sc97-clarice-phelps-nuclear-researcher-and-stem-advocate/id1253166225?i=1000459281361|access-date=February 9, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=TAP>{{cite web |url=http://www.tennesseeaquaticproject.org/TAP%20Information%20Packet%201-25-14.pdf |title=Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group |website=Tennessee Aquatic Project |page=9 |access-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201030618/http://www.tennesseeaquaticproject.org/TAP%20Information%20Packet%201-25-14.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2015 |url-status=dead |accessdate=March 13, 2024 |archivedate=February 1, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201030618/http://www.tennesseeaquaticproject.org/TAP%20Information%20Packet%201-25-14.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=TEDx>{{cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/35429|title=Clarice Phelps|date=December 6, 2019 |website=TED.com |access-date=February 11, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=Undark>{{cite magazine |first=Claire |last=Jarvis |access-date=February 9, 2020 |title=Opinion: What a Deleted Profile Tells Us About Wikipedia's Diversity Problem |url=https://undark.org/2019/04/25/wikipedia-diversity-problem/ |date=April 25, 2019 |magazine=[[Undark Magazine]] }}</ref> <ref name=WaPo>{{cite news |last1=Zaringhalam |first1=Maryam |last2=Wade |first2=Jess |author-link2=Jess Wade |title=It matters who we champion in science |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/it-matters-who-we-champion-in-science/2019/04/12/50a1781a-5d3d-11e9-9625-01d48d50ef75_story.html |access-date=May 19, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2019 |quote=Phelps purified the berkelium-249 that was used in the discovery and identification of Tennessine (element 117), named after the location of the lab where she works.}}</ref> <ref name=WBIR>{{cite news |last=Hays |first=Gabrielle |title=ORNL scientist recognized globally for research and commitment to diversity |url=https://www.wbir.com/article/news/ornl-scientist-recognized-globally-for-research-and-commitment-to-diversity/51-1431a590-b459-43c5-8b99-4ba06261f4c7 |access-date=January 31, 2020 |work=WBIR-TV |date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="YOSTEM">{{cite web|url=http://yostem.org/board-of-directors|title=Board of Directors|website=YO-STEM|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404063743/https://yostem.org/board-of-directors|archive-date=April 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   – appearance by Phelps in a podcast for the International Year of the Periodic Table *   ; Mgbasa ozi * {{Cite web|first=Clarice|author=Phelps|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/clarice_phelps_how_i_claimed_a_seat_at_the_periodic_table|work=[[TED Talks]]|title=How I Claimed a Seat at the Periodic Table|date=December 2019}} * {{Cite web|work=Chemical & Engineering News|title=What it takes to make a superheavy element: Inspired by a recent periodic table–themed pub trivia event, Stereo Chemistry explores the stories behind isolating some of the heaviest elements known|url=https://cen.acs.org/physical-chemistry/periodic-table/IYPT-Podcast-Scientists-share-what-it-takes-to-make-a-superheavy-element/97/i17}} * {{Cite web|work=[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]|title=Clarice Phelps: Dedicated service to science and community|url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/clarice-phelps-dedicated-service-science-and-community}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Phelps, Clarice}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1j9mozdvkb570ofch6ghtzhg8hy1sfw 0 39289 743885 516609 2026-11-08T11:09:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743885 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}}   '''Freda Ayisi''' (amuru 21 October 1994) bu [[Footbọl|onye egwuregwu bọọlụ]] Ghana . Ọ gbara Lewes WFC, Birmingham WFC na 2017 FA Women's Cup final na Arsenal mgbe ha meriri 2014 FA Women's Cup Final . Na 2022 ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ maka Charlton Athletic Football Club == Ndụ == A mụrụ Ayisi na Ghana na 1994. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tagoe|first=Godwin Nii Armah|date=2022-05-20|title=England based Female Ghanaian Footballer Freda Ayisi Matches Pogba's 'Smoothie' Skill Challenge Effortlessly|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/17122-england-based-female-ghanaian-footballer-freda-ayisi-effortlessly-matches-pogbas-smoothie-skill/|accessdate=2023-08-28|work=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en|archivedate=2023-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828151904/https://sportsbrief.com/football/17122-england-based-female-ghanaian-footballer-freda-ayisi-effortlessly-matches-pogbas-smoothie-skill/}}</ref> Ayisi malitere ịgba bọọlụ na Arsenal ebe n'afọ mbụ ya ọ meriri FC Kairat n'asọmpi Champions League. O mechara kwuo na nke a bụ isi oge ya na "ndị na-agba egbe" nọ. <ref name="isling">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-24|title=Ayisi 'learned so much' from Arsenal legends|url=https://www.islingtongazette.co.uk/news/21225485.ayisi-learned-much-arsenal-legends/|accessdate=2023-08-28|work=Islington Gazette|language=en}}</ref> Ya na Arsenal nọ mgbe ha meriri iko FA 2013–14 mana ọ bụkarị onye sub na egwuregwu ebe ha meriri Everton 2–0. <ref name="isling" /> Na 2014 ọ kwagara Birmingham City na nke mbụ ya ebe n'ime afọ atọ sochirinụ ọ gbara na egwuregwu 57. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=WOMEN {{!}} Freda Ayisi becomes second summer signing {{!}} Charlton Athletic Football Club|url=https://www.charltonafc.com/news/women-freda-ayisi-becomes-second-summer-signing|accessdate=2023-08-28|work=www.charltonafc.com|language=en}}</ref> Na Maachị 2015, onye na-eche nche Manchester City bụ Karen Bardsley amachibidoro egwuregwu atọ n'ihi omume ime ihe ike na otu egwuregwu enweghị goolu na Birmingham City, mgbe ya na Ayisi lụsịrị ọgụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-01|title=Ghana-born Freda Ayisi sees red in English Women League|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Ghana-born-Freda-Ayisi-sees-red-in-English-Women-League-352764|accessdate=2023-08-30|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> Onye ọka ikpe chụpụrụ Ayisi n'egwuregwu ahụ ozugbo. <ref>{{Cite news|title=England goalkeeper Karen Bardsley accepts FA violent conduct charge|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/mar/31/england-goalkeeper-karen-bardsley-violent-conduct-manchester-city|accessdate=12 May 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=31 March 2015}}</ref> Bardsley mechara kwuo, "Ọchịchọ dị elu megide Birmingham. N'ileghachi anya na ihe nkiri ahụ ọzọ, a na m akwa ụta maka ihe mere na Freda Ayisi. N'agbanyeghị na a kpasuru m iwe, ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma na m ga-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ ahụ." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/england-women-s-goalkeeper-faces-violent-conduct-charge_sto4660320/story.shtml|title=England women's goalkeeper faces violent conduct charge|date=31 March 2015|work=Eurosport|accessdate=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226055857/https://www.eurosport.com/football/england-women-s-goalkeeper-faces-violent-conduct-charge_sto4660320/story.shtml|archive-date=26 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ Ayisi meriri Sunderland mgbe Birmingham chere ihu n'ọkwa. Agbanyeghị Sunderland nwetara ọkpụ goolu. <ref>{{Cite news|author=McVeigh|first=Niall|date=2015-08-23|title=Women's Super League: Chelsea win at Arsenal to close in on double|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/aug/23/womens-super-league-roundup-chelsea-beat-arsenal|accessdate=2023-08-28}}</ref> Na 2017 ọ na-egwuri egwu na Wembley Stadium na 2017 FA Women's Cup ikpeazụ na-anọchi anya Birmingham megide Manchester City . <ref name="isling"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Association|first=The Football|title=Birmingham 1–4 Man City|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2017/may/13/sse-womens-fa-cup-final-130517|accessdate=2023-08-30|work=www.thefa.com|language=en}}</ref> N'August 2018 ya na Melissa Johnson sonyeere Leicester City maka oge 2018–19 . <ref name="ay">{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=Leicester City Women's new signings feature Freda Ayisi|url=https://shekicks.net/leicester-city-womens-new-signings-feature-freda-ayisi/|accessdate=2022-03-11|work=SheKicks|language=en-GB}}</ref> tupu Ayisi abanye na London City Lionsses. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ gbara maka Lewes site na 2021. <ref name="lewes">{{Cite news|date=21 July 2021|title=Former Arsenal and Leicester City midfielder joins Lewes Women|work=Sussex Express|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/sport/football/former-gunners-and-foxes-midfielder-joins-lewes-3318795}}</ref> Ndị egwuregwu na-atụnyere Ayisi na Dimitar Berbatov dabere na vidiyo ya nke gụnyere ịnweta njikwa bọọlụ a tụpụrụ na windo ụlọ elu nke anọ. Ayisi nwere mmasị na nke ahụ n'ihi na ọ na-ewu ewu wee nweta nkwado site n'aka ọkachamara Ian Wright . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Frostick|first=Nancy|title=Freda Ayisi: the 'female Berbatov' on trick shots and having Ian Wright as a fan|url=https://theathletic.com/3076464/2022/01/18/freda-ayisi-female-berbatov-trick-shots-having-ian-wright-fan/|accessdate=2023-08-30|work=The Athletic|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="tiktok">{{Cite web|author=Goulding|first=Georgia|date=2023-03-12|title=Ian Wright's support for Freda Ayisi's freestyle TikToks left her "gassed"|url=https://www.givemesport.com/ian-wright-freda-ayisi-support-tiktoks/|accessdate=2023-09-01|work=GiveMeSport|language=en}}</ref> Ayisi sonyeere Charlton na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Freda Ayisi signs new one-year contract {{!}} Charlton Athletic Football Club|url=https://www.charltonafc.com/news/freda-ayisi-signs-new-one-year-contract|accessdate=2023-08-30|work=www.charltonafc.com|language=en}}</ref> Na Mee 2023 ọ zutere Nora Häuptle bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke ijikwa otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Ghana . Häuptle kwuru na Ayisi na-egwuri egwu nke ọma maka ndị otu ahụ na-ebute naanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ Charlton na eserese megide Crystal Palace . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2 May 2023|title=Nora Hauptle watches Charlton Athletics Freda Ayisi|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1228166/nora-hauptle-watches-charlton-athletics-freda-ayis.html|accessdate=28 August 2023|work=ModernGhana.com}}</ref> Vidiyo TikTok Ayisi achọtala ndị na-eso ụzọ ya 560,000. Na 2023 ọ ga-etinye aka na Soccer Aid <ref name="tiktok"/> wee họrọ ya dị ka "pro-baller" isonye na pundit Jermain Defoe na DJ/football Monki iji kwado ahịa Jameson Irish Whiskey nye ndị egwuregwu ise. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cripps|first=Amie|date=2023-06-02|title=Everyone's a Baller: Jermain Defoe, Freda Ayisi, Monki and Moses Duckrell|url=https://versus.uk.com/2023/06/everyones-a-baller-jameson-defoe-freda-monki-moses/|accessdate=2023-09-01|work=VERSUS|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901121318/https://versus.uk.com/2023/06/everyones-a-baller-jameson-defoe-freda-monki-moses/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Charlton Athletic W.F.C. squad}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bqeplu4uixdvlwa2oykhr93s4cw0t1s 0 39791 743876 655353 2026-11-08T09:31:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club|clubname=FC Robo (Queens) International|image=FC_Robo_logo.jpg|fullname=FC Robo International, Lagos|nickname=|founded={{Start date and age|1999|4|19|df=yes}}|ground=FIFA Goal project (Legacy) turf, [[National Stadium, Lagos]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/fc-robo-queens-battle-back-172000418.html |title=FC Robo Queens battle back to salvage draw in Nigeria Women Premier League opener |last=admin |year=2016 |website=Yahoo News |access-date=2017-04-16 |archive-date=2017-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416223026/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/fc-robo-queens-battle-back-172000418.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=2024-03-28 |archivedate=2017-04-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416223026/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/fc-robo-queens-battle-back-172000418.html }}</ref>|capacity=3,000|website=|owner=|chairman=|manager={{flagicon|NGA}} Emmanuel Osahon|league=[[Nigerian Women Premier League]]|season=|position=}}{{Databox}}'''FC Robo''' '''Queens''' bụ otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke dị na [[Ȯra Lagos|Mushin Lagos State, Nigeria]] na onye otu [[Nigerian Women Football League|Nigerian Women Football League (NWFL)]] . Ha abanyela na [[Nigerian Women Football League|Nigeria Women Premier League]], ngalaba kacha elu maka otu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị na mba ahụ. Site na FC Robo Queens, otu a enyela nnukwu aka n'egwuregwu ụmụnwaanyị na Naịjirịa, [[Afrịka]] na mba ụwa niile, ebe ha rụpụtagoro ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu nwere nkà maka otu mba Naịjirịa na ọtụtụ ndị otu ndị inyom nwere ọkachamara n'ụwa niile. BBC na onye ọkaibe bọọlụ Afrịka ugboro abụọ, [[Asisat Oshoala]], tinyere [[Esther Sunday]], [[Rasheedat Ajibade]], Aminat Yakubu bụ ihe niile sitere na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ na mmemme ntorobịa . Kpakpando egwuregwu bọọlụ mba [[Asisat Oshoala]] jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya ọgbakọ ahụ na 2016, mmegharị iji nyere aka bulie akara azụmaahịa na onyonyo nke klọb ahụ. <ref name="amba" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/12072/nigeria-women/2016/11/04/29197182/arsenal-ladies-oshoala-becomes-fc-robo-ambassador|title=Arsenal Ladies’ Oshoala becomes FC Robo ambassador - Goal.com|date=2016-11-04|work=Goal.com|accessdate=2017-04-21|language=en-NG}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == FC Robo International, ndị nwe '''FC Robo Queens''' bụ ụlọ egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara nwere onwe nke sitere na [[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria.]] Tọrọ ntọala na 19th nke Eprel site n'aka Osahon Emmanuel Orobosa, onye vetiran soja nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria, ọkachasị dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ nwoke mana n'oge na-adịghị anya gbasaa iji nabata mmemme ụmụ agbọghọ / ụmụ nwanyị, mkpebi nke gosipụtara na ọ dị mma maka ọgbakọ ahụ dịka ewu ewu ya ugbu a na ntọala na-eto eto (National and International) bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi mmegbu na-aga nke ọma nke otu nwanyị ya (FC Robo Queens). == Ndị otu dị ugbu a == <small>''Squad list for 2022.''</small><br> == Ndị egwuregwu mbụ ama ama == * [[Asisat Oshoala]] <ref name="oshoala">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/03/10/oshoala-visits-winners-golden-bet-seeks-support-for-fc-robo/|title=Oshoala Visits Winners Golden Bet, Seeks Support For FC Robo|author=Adelu|first=Taiwo|year=2016|work=pmnewsnigeria.com|accessdate=2017-04-08|archivedate=2017-04-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409112428/https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/03/10/oshoala-visits-winners-golden-bet-seeks-support-for-fc-robo/}}</ref> * [[Rasheedat Ajibade]] <ref name="amba">{{Cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/arsenal-ladies-oshoala-becomes-fc-221513411.html|title=Arsenal Ladies’ Oshoala becomes FC Robo ambassador|author=admin|year=2016|work=Yahoo News|accessdate=2017-04-16|archivedate=2017-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416223047/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/arsenal-ladies-oshoala-becomes-fc-221513411.html}}</ref> * [[Esther Sunday]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/12072/nigeria-women/2016/05/20/23759132/fc-robo-better-prepared-for-nigeria-women-premier-league|title=FC Robo better prepared for Nigeria Women Premier League, says Osahon|author=admin|year=2016|work=Goal.com|accessdate=2017-04-16|archivedate=2017-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417070304/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/12072/nigeria-women/2016/05/20/23759132/fc-robo-better-prepared-for-nigeria-women-premier-league}}</ref> == Edensibia == 1998, Dame Akpani hiwere Northwest Petroleum & Gas Company Limited. Site na isi mmalite mmalite nke N200,000 (narị abụọ puku [[Naira Naijiria|naira]] ), ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na mbụ lekwasịrị anya na nkesa mmanụ dizel na drum 200 lita nye ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ụlọ, ụlọ ọbịa, ụlọ akụ, na ụlọ ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytrust.com/with-deregulation-oil-consumers-will-have-options-ceo-northwest-petroleum/|title=With deregulation, oil consumers will have options – CEO Northwest Petroleum - Daily Trust|work=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, Northwest Petroleum gbasaara ọrụ{{Reflist}} 7wveu35t3f20exqqvcb55n1qh7kvy29 0 44416 743835 720535 2026-11-07T21:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Bouchta El Hayani|image=|caption=|birth_date={{Birth date|1952|01|}}|birth_place=Morocco|occupation=Painter|nationality=Moroccan}} '''Bouchta El Hayani''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1952 na Taounate) bụ onye na-ese ihe na [[Morocco|Moroccan]] nke malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya n'afọ ndị 1970. Kemgbe oge a, ọ gbasoro ụzọ gara nke ọma iji bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe méré ótù nkiri Miami na egosi amamihe ahụ na-erizi mmụta na ndị a ma ama na Morocco. Nke mbụ na nke kachasị mkpa ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe Moroccan na-adịghị ahụkebe nke maara usoro ise ihe nke ọma.<ref name="Minstère de la culture">{{Cite web|url=http://www.minculture.gov.ma/fr/bouchata.htm|title=Bouchta El Hayani|publisher=Minstère de la culture (Morocco)|language=French|accessdate=2009-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527011457/http://www.minculture.gov.ma/fr/bouchata.htm|archivedate=May 27, 2009}}</ref><ref name="arabafenicenet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabafenicenet.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=570&Itemid=207|title=Critics Review|publisher=arabafenicenet(italy)|language=French|accessdate=2009-08-02}}</ref> El Hayani gụsịrị na akwụkwọ na "Ecole des Arts Appliques" na Casablanca mgbe ahụ "École des Beaux-Arts" na Paris. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ọhụrụ nwa n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi n'ụwa niile.<ref name="Bouchta el hayani présente...Casablanca">{{Cite news|url=http://www.emarrakech.info/Bouchta-el-hayani-presente-sa-retrospective-artistique-a-l-espace-souffle-d-art-a-Casablanca_a13730.html|title=Bouchta el hayani présente sa rétrospective artistique à l'espace souffle d'art à Casablanca|date=February 8, 2008|work=Emarrakech|language=French|accessdate=2009-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517025947/http://www.emarrakech.info/Bouchta-el-hayani-presente-sa-retrospective-artistique-a-l-espace-souffle-d-art-a-Casablanca_a13730.html|archive-date=2008-05-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bouchta El Hayani présente...">{{Cite news|url=http://www.aujourdhui.ma/instantanes-details59653.html|title=Bouchta El Hayani présente sa rétrospective artistique|date=February 5, 2008|work=Aujourd’hui le Maroc|language=French|accessdate=2009-06-30|archive-date=2008-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209230011/http://www.aujourdhui.ma/instantanes-details59653.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bouchta El Hayani bi ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Rabat, Morocco. Onye na-ese na ihe bụkwa nanị nke ọbọdọ onye otu The Moroccan Artists Association (AMAP). <ref name="Paroles de Bouchta El Hayani">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sezamemag.net/Paroles-de-Bouchta-El-Hayani_a956.html|title=Paroles de Bouchta El Hayani|author=Benlabbah|first=Rachid|date=22 February 2007|work=Sezame|language=French|accessdate=2009-06-30|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102032339/http://www.sezamemag.net/Paroles-de-Bouchta-El-Hayani_a956.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi nke onye ọ bụla == * 1970: Ebe Ọdịbendị Spanish - Fes (Morocco) * 1989: Faculté - Béni Mellal (Morocco) * 1991: Galerie National Bab Rouah -Rabat (Morocco) * 1991: Galerie l'Atelier - Rabat * 1992: Galerie Flandria - Tanger (Morocco) * 1993: Faculté des Lettres - Fae (Morocco) * 1994: Galerie Rab El Kébir - Rabat * 1995: Obí Eze Jnane - Fés * 1997: Galerie AI Manar - Casablanca (Morocco) * 1998: Galerie Bernanos - Paris (France) * 1998: Galerie Nationale Bab Rouah - Rabat * 2000: Mmeghe nke gallery C.D.G. Rabat * 2001: Galerie AI Manar - Casablanca * 2002: Institut Français - Rabat == Ihe ngosi ìgwè == * 1970: Salon des artistes indépendants - Casablanca * 1976: Galerie Nationale Bab Rouah - Rabat * 1976: Okporo ụzọ n'okpuru ala - Casablanca * 1977: Ụlọ oriri - Rabat * 1977: Ndị na-ese ihe ise na Milan (Ịtali) * 1977: Brussels (Belgium) * 1977: Ụlọ ngosi BS - Rabat * 1980: Ụlọ ngosi BS - Rabat * 1981: Biennale mbụ nke obodo Tunis - Galerie Yahia - Tunis (Tunisia) * 1981: Ememme Asilah (Morocco) * 1981: Ihe osise Moroccan, Bordeaux (France) * 1982: Ihe owuwu Ihe osise, Musée des Oudayas - Rabat * 1983: Ememme Moroccan (Disney World), [[Flórídạ|Florida]] (USA) * 1983: Nkà na ụzụ Mediterenian, Casablanca * 1984: Izu Ọdịbendị nke Morocco, Dakar (Senegal) * 1985: Ihe ngosi na Laayoune (Morocco) * 1985: Galerie l'Atelier, Rabat * 1985: Faculté des lettres Ben Msik, Casablanca * 1985: Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri Bab Rouah, Rabat * 1985: asọmpi mba ụwa nke ihe osise na snow, [[Quebec]] (Canada) * 1986: 11 Ndị na-ese ihe, 11 Ndị na - Abụ na Ndị Ọkà Mmụta, Galerie Marsam, Rabat * 1987: Faculté des Lettres, Kênitra (Morocco) * 1987: Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Oudayas, Rabat * 1987: Afọ Afọ 10 nke AI Assas, Les Oudayas, Rabat *1987: Rencontre Plasticiens - Artisans et Architectes, Marrakech (Morocco) * 1988: Izu ọdịbendị Morocco na Cairo, Cairo (Egypt) * 1990: Salon d'Automne Musée des Oudayas, Rabat * 1990: Bab El Kébir, Rabat * 1990: Ihe ngosi na El Hoceima (Morocco) * 1990: Alliance Franco-Morocaine, Rabat) * 1991: OMDH Galerie Nationale Bab Rouah, Rabat * 1992: Ihe ngosi nke AMAP Galerie Nationale Bab Rouah, Rabat * 1993: Ihe ngosi nke OMDH (Switzerland) * 1994: Galerie Hamzat Wasl (AI Wassiti), Casablanca (Morocco) * 1994: Ndị na-ese ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka, Rabat * 1994: Ụlọ akwụkwọ Omar ai khayam - Casablanca * 1995: Galerie Nationale Bab Rouah - Rabat * 1996: Mkpịsị aka na Tapis, Bordeaux (France) * 1996: Mkpịsị aka na Tapis BMCE, Paris (France) * 1997: Izu Moroccan ([[Monako|Monaco]]) * 1997: Afọ iri atọ nke ihe osise abstract na Morocco, Galerie AI Manar, Casablanca * 1997: Mkpịsị aka na Tapis (United [[United Arab Emirates|Arab Emirates]]) * 1997: Ndị Prọfesọ - Ndị na-ese ihe BCM, Casablanca * 1997: Ndị Prọfesọ - Ndị na-ese ihe Galerie Nationale Bab Rouah, Rabat * 1998: Nlegharị anya na Art n° XII, Paris * 1998: Obodo nka mba ụwa, Paris * 1998: Galerie Michel Ray, Paris * 1999: Nzukọ na Maskite nke nka Arab (Oman) * 1999: Ndị na-ese ihe (Espace des Blancs Manteaux), Paris * 1999: Obodo nka, Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie, Casablanca * 1999: Itinéraires 99 - Movement artistique de Levallois, art contemporain (France) * 2000: 1/2000 ngosi Jacques cartier (France) * 2000: Ihe osise nke Morocco nke oge a: Ihe ngosi na-agagharị agagharị ([[Spain]]) * 2000: Ihe ngosi, Galerie Bab Rouah, Rabat * 2000: Ihe ngosi na El Jadida (Morocco) * 2000: Ihe ngosi na Mahadum Ain-chok, Casablanca * 2000: Ndị na-ese ihe na Durban, Durban (South Africa) * 2001: Njem ndị na-ese ihe, Rabat * 2001: Ihe ngosi nke ndị na-ese ihe na Morocco (Siria) * 2002: Ihe osise abụọ e sere n'akwụkwọ (Bangladesh) * 2002: Ihe osise Moroccan (Kuwait) * 2002: Ụlọ ọrụ Mawâzine, Rabat * 2002: Arkadi nke isii biennial ([[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]) * 2002: Ogdal Cultural Center, Rabat * 2003: Ekele nye Kacimi: Bab Rouah, Rabat * 2004: Ihe ngosi "Ihe ngosi nke ugbu a" na Mahadum Al-Akhawaïn, Ifrane (Morocco) * 2004: Ekele maka Chaibia - Al-Jadida (Morocco) * 2004: Ihe ngosi G.E.N.A.P na Cathedral, Casablanca * 2004: Ụbọchị mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ megide nrụrụ aka nke Transparency haziri (Morocco) * 2004: Morocco - Galerie Hay Ryad, CDG, Rabat == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}  == Njikọ mpụga == * https://web.archive.org/web/20091207001859/http://www.pipale.com/bouchta-el-hayani.htm * http://www.bladi.net/bouchta-el-hayani.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110418090209/http://www.editmanar.com/peintres/ELHAYAfr * https://web.archive.org/web/20131102144146/http://www.fondationona.ma/images/pdf/collection.pdf * https://web.archive.org/web/20090217033420/http://www.7-dragons.com/maroc/rabat/hayani.php * https://web.archive.org/web/20100108182748/http://artedemarruecos.com/index.php?mod=cat&cat=1749 * http://www.arabafenicenet.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=570&Itemid=207 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081225082415/http://artszin.com/tags/bouchta-el-hayani-venise-cadre/] * https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045419/http://universes-in-universe.org/eng/intartdata/artists/africa/mar/el_hayani_bouchta * https://web.archive.org/web/20210507130824/https://abc-artgallery.com/el-hayani-Bouchta/ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131102102715/http://www.aujourdhui.ma/maroc-actualite/magazine/bouchta-el-hayani-ou-la-mue-des-signes-6432.html https://web.archive.org/web/20131102102715/http://www.aujourd'hui.ma/maroc-actualite/magazine/bouchta-el-hayani-ou-la-mue-des-signes-6432.html] * https://web.archive.org/web/20130928001008/http://world.gmw.cn/2013-08/08/content_8549385.htm [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bouchta,El Hayani}} 0wyedk4i8lleluozbe0spa6u9ch535q 0 44589 743854 696297 2026-11-08T02:32:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743854 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Re-publica 22 - Tag 2 (52134094803).jpg|thumb|Re-publica 22 - Tag 2 (52134094803)]] '''Constance Elizabeth Swaniker''' (amụrụ na 30 Ọgọst, 1973) bụ onye Ghana na-ese ihe, onye nkuzi, na onye ọchụnta ego. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-10|title=Precision quality, mindset change major game changers for businesses – Constance Swaniker|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/06/precision-quality-mindset-change-major-game-changers-for-businesses-constance-swaniker/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Dadson|first=Nanabanyin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IR7_VgJSts0C&dq=Constance+Swaniker&pg=PA23|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 922 August 28-31, 2014|date=2014-08-28|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda tna onye isi oche nke Accent & Arts ma bụrụkwa onye guzobere Design and Technical Institute (DTI) na Accra.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2023-02-24|title=We need to make vocational schools more attractive - Constance Swaniker - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/we-need-to-make-vocational-schools-more-attractive-constance-swaniker/|accessdate=2023-04-13|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.myjoyonline.com/we-need-to-make-vocational-schools-more-attractive-constance-swaniker/ "We need to make vocational schools more attractive - Constance Swaniker - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2023-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-13</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Constance Swaniker|url=https://thehacsa.org/constance-swaniker/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=The HACSA|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814034133/https://thehacsa.org/constance-swaniker/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''The HACSA''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-24</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Leadership|url=https://dtiafrica.com/leadership/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Design & Technology Institute|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-08-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817044342/https://dtiafrica.com/leadership/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''Design & Technology Institute''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-24</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Assimeku|first=Emmanuel|title=RING THE BELL FOR GENDER EQUALITY|url=https://gse.com.gh/ring-the-bell-for-gender-equality/|date=2022-03-10|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Ghana Stock Exchange|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527190328/https://gse.com.gh/ring-the-bell-for-gender-equality/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Challenge for 21st Century industry in Ghana, Africa: Constance Swaniker on precision quality, technical skills|url=https://www.myghanalinks.com/index.php/all-sections/features/17900-challenge-for-21st-century-industry-in-ghana-africa-constance-swaniker-on-precision-quality-technical-skills|first=Anis|author=Haffar|authorlink=Anis Haffar|date=2021-07-05|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=www.myghanalinks.com|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Volta|date=2021-02-01|title=Graduates Urged to Venture into Job Creation Even as they Seek Jobs|url=https://voltaonlinegh.com/graduates-urged-venture-in-job-creation-even-as-they-seek-jobs/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Volta Online|language=en}}</ref> A mụrụ Swaniker na 30 Ọgọstụ 1973 na Accra, [[Ghana]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2016-12-14|title=Constance Elizabeth Swaniker {{!}} WEF|url=https://www.wef.org.in/constance-elizabeth-swaniker/,%20https://www.wef.org.in/constance-elizabeth-swaniker/|accessdate=2022-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Constance Swaniker: Sculptures {{!}} Feather Of Me|url=https://featherofme.com/constance-swaniker-sculptures/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=featherofme.com|archivedate=2022-08-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817073056/https://featherofme.com/constance-swaniker-sculptures/}}</ref> O nwere akụkụ nke agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], na [[The Gambia|Gambia]]. O mechara banye Accra Academy maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị, ebe ọ nwetara asambodo A-Level ya na 1993. [1] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ debanyere aha na Mahadum Sayensị nnyocha nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah iji nweta nzere bachelọ nke nka na ihe ọkpụkpụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụsịrị aha na 1999.<ref name=":0"/>[1][2]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constance Swaniker, Ghana,Those Who Inspire, Book, Inspire, Mentor|url=https://www.thosewhoinspire.com/meet-the-ip/constance-swaniker/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Those Who Inspire|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ nọ na mahadum, Swaniker rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye mmụta na-ahụ maka ịkwa nkà na Art Deco Ltd.<ref name=":2"/> Ọnwa isii ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah, o guzobere Accents & Art Ltd ụlọ ọrụ Ghana nke na-emepụta ngwaahịa nka na ígwè, okpete na ugegbe, ma na-etinye Ụlọ Ọrụ Design na Teknụ anụnụ (DTI). <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-18|title=The journey so far: Constance Swaniker, CEO, Accents & Art|url=https://howwemadeitinafrica.com/the-journey-so-far-constance-swaniker-ceo-accents-art/63158/|first=Nelly|author=Murungi|accessdate=2022-04-30|work=How we made it in Africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521015548/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/the-journey-so-far-constance-swaniker-ceo-accents-art/63158/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Constance Swaniker {{!}} 2017 Fellow|url=https://www.vitalvoices.org/fellow/constance-swaniker/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Vital Voices|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Constance Swaniker|url=https://gsgii.org/contacts/constance-swaniker/|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=GSG|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820031510/https://gsgii.org/contacts/constance-swaniker/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Expanding Financing for Small Businesses in Ghana through Improved Fin|url=https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/NEWS_EXT_CONTENT/IFC_External_Corporate_Site/News+and+Events/News/Expanding_Financing_for_Small_Businesses_in_Ghana|accessdate=2022-06-25|work=www.ifc.org|language=en}}</ref> Site na mmekorita na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke ekwere anyanwụ ya na mahadum ndị dị ka Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah, Mahadum Ashesi, Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ Takoradi, na Mahadum Nkà na Ụzụ Ho, Accent & Arts enweela ike inye ihe karịrị ndị ntorobịa 600 ọrụ nkuzi na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta kemgbe 2009. Na Machị 2016, Swaniker guzobere ma ghọọ onye isi nchịkwa nke Design and Technical Institute (DTI), <ref name=":4"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Young entrepreneurs receive $22,000 support|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/5-young-entrepreneurs-receive-22-000-support.html|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Simpson|first=Tony|title=Let's change the narrative around technical and vocational education - DTI CEO|url=https://www.gna.org.gh/1.21254639|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=www.gna.org.gh|language=en|archivedate=2022-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625001408/https://www.gna.org.gh/1.21254639}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Let's change the narrative around technical and vocational education -DTI CEO – The Chronicle News Online|url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/lets-change-the-narrative-around-technical-and-vocational-education-dti-ceo/|accessdate=2022-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ nke e bu n'uche ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=GNA|title=Precision and quality, pre-requisite tools for producing excellent results - DTI|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/precision-and-quality-pre-requisite-tools-for-producing-excellent-results-dti/|accessdate=2022-06-25|work=newsghana.com.gh/|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-12|title=Let's change the narrative around Technical and Vocational Education – DTI CEO|url=https://myrepubliconline.com/lets-change-the-narrative-around-technical-and-vocational-education-dti-ceo/|accessdate=2022-06-25|work=Republic Media Online|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Develop core values to propel your businesses, artisans told|url=https://freedomradiogh.com/develop-core-values-to-propel-your-businesses-artisans-told/|date=2021-10-21|accessdate=2022-06-25|work=Freedom Radio GH Newsroom|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625162727/https://freedomradiogh.com/develop-core-values-to-propel-your-businesses-artisans-told/}}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-12|title=Provide roadmap on how to fix unemployment …Prof. Dodoo to tertiary institutions|url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/provide-roadmap-on-how-to-fix-unemployment-prof-dodoo-to-tertiary-institutions/|first=Bernard|author=Benghan|accessdate=2022-06-24|work=Ghanaian Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Nrọ ya bụ iji akụkọ ya gbaa ụmụ nwanyị kwere nke ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ pụrụ ume ka ha banye n'ọkpụkpọ ndị a na-ahazi maka ụmụ nwoke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CONSTANCE SWANIKER - CONFIRMED SPEAKERS|url=https://www.sheroesforum.com/registrant_profile.cfm?CONSTANCE%20SWANIKER&registration_id=389|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=www.sheroesforum.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322095543/https://www.sheroesforum.com/registrant_profile.cfm?CONSTANCE%20SWANIKER&registration_id=389|archive-date=2024-03-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ọrụ == E gosipụtara ọrụ Swaniker n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na Ghana na mpụga Ghana. Ha gụnyere ihe ngosi mbụ ya; Passage of Discovery, nke mere na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala na Alliance of Artists Gallery. Ihe omume ahụ na-aga site na 22 June ruo 6 July 2011. E gosipụtakwara ọrụ ya na ngosi Juxtaposed, Light & Darkness nke emere na ụlọ Nike Arts and Cultural Centre na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] site na 5 Nọvemba ruo 14 Nọvember 2011. Na Machị 2015, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na isi ụlọ ọrụ UNESCO na Paris. <ref name=":0"/> == Nsọpụrụ == A matala ọrụ Swaniker na mpaghara na mba ụwa. N'afọ 2010, ọ bụ onye natara onyinye na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke ekwere Afrịka na Amerika mgbe The Network Journal Africa 40 under 40 Achievement. N'otu afọ ahụ, atụmatụ SME Innovation Award nabatara ya dị ka onye ọchụnta ego kachasị mma. N'afọ 2013, e nyere ya onyinye LISCO Be Your Dream Award, na Metal Product of the Year Award. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ bụ onye mmeri mpaghara nke ụmụ nwanyị kachasị emetụta Africa na idu ndú na ọchịchị. N'afọ 2014, ụlọ ọrụ ya, Accent and Arts bụ Country and Regional Winner of Metal fabrication company of the year award.<ref name=":0"/> N'afọ 2017, ọ bụ onye natara Africa's Most Influential Women in Business and Government, na Woman of Excellence Awards n'oge onyinye Ghana. O nwetara ihe nrite ọzọ nke Ghana Manufacturing na 2018. == Ndụ onwe onye == Constance Swaniker bụ nne na-etinye onwe ya n'ọrụ nke ụmụ abụọ (2). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Constance Elizabeth Swaniker - User Profile|url=https://agln.aspeninstitute.org/profile/5625|accessdate=2024-03-22|work=AGLN - Aspen Global Leadership Network|language=en}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Swaniker, Constance}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8dgbqms02ba3janp902lnpjsvysfeoh 0 45426 743879 450833 2026-11-08T10:27:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743879 wikitext text/x-wiki   Fifty bụ Ihe nkiri ịhụnanya nke Naijiria nke afọ 2015, nke [[Biyi Bandele]] duziri ma wepụta na 18 Disemba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/|title=Mo Abudus film|accessdate=5 November 2015|work=bellanaija.com}}</ref> == Atụmatụ == Iri ise na-ejide ụbọchị ole na ole dị mkpa nke ụmụ nwanyị anọ na njedebe nke ọrụ ha. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria na Kate bụ ndị enyi anọ a manyere n'etiti ndụ ka ha wepụta ngwa ahịa na ndụ onwe ha, ebe ha na-arụ ọrụ na ezinụlọ megide ndabere nke mpaghara Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/|title=Fifty, the movie filming location|accessdate=5 November 2015|work=zegist.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/|archivedate=9 November 2015}}</ref> Tola bụ kpakpando TV n'ezie nke alụmdi na nwunye ya na onye ọka iwu Kunle enweghị ohere n'ihi ihe nzuzo ezinụlọ dị egwu. Elizabeth bụ onye dibịa bekee a ma ama nke mmasị ya maka ụmụ okorobịa kewapụrụ ya na nwa ya nwanyị. Maria, onye dị afọ iri anọ na itoolu ya na nwoke lụrụ di na-enwe mmekọahụ nke na-ebute ịtụrụ ime na-atụghị anya ya na ọgụ Kate na ọrịa na-eyi ndụ egwu tinyewo ya n'ọchịchọ okpukpe. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == === Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri === * [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] dị ka Elizabeth onye bụ dọkịta na-ahụ maka ịmụ nwa nke ọchịchọ ya maka ụmụ okorobịa kpatara nsogbu na mmekọrịta ya na nwa ya nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/|title=Ireti Doyle|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=5 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205233827/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/}}</ref> * [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] dị ka Tola onye bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na TV nke alụmdi na nwunye ya na onye ọka iwu Kunle enwetụbeghị ohere n'ihi ihe nzuzo ezinụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/|title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/}}</ref> * [[Omoni Oboli]] dị ka Maria onye bụ nwanyị dị afọ iri anọ na itoolu nke ya na nwoke lụrụ di nwere mmekọahụ nke mere ka ọ dị ime na mberede <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/|title=Omoni Oboli|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/}}</ref> * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] dị ka Kate onye na-alụ ọgụ na ọrịa na-eyi ndụ egwu nke mere ka ọ banye n'okpukpe <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/|title=Nse Ikpe-Etim|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/}}</ref> * [[Wale Ojo]] dị ka Kunle <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/|title=Wale Ojo|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/}}</ref> * Kachi Nnochiri dị ka Chike <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/|title=Kachi Nnochiri|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/}}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] dị ka Sammy <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/|title=Emmanuel Ikubese|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/}}</ref> * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala" Akindoju]] dị ka Chi Chi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/|title=Kemi Akindoju|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/}}</ref> * [[Timini Egbuson]] dị ka Jamal <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/|title=Timini Egbuson|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/}}</ref> * [[Uzor Osimkpa]] dị ka Sade <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/|title=Uzor|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/}}</ref> === Ndị ọbịa === * [[King Sunny Adé|Eze Sunny Adé]] dị ka onwe ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/|title=King Sunny Ade|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/}}</ref> * Femi Kuti dị ka onwe ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/|title=Femi Kuti|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/}}</ref> * [[Nneka (singer)|Nneka]] dị ka onwe ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/|title=Nneka|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/}}</ref> * [[Tiwa Savage]] dị ka onwe ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/|title=Tiwa Savage|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/}}</ref> * [[Waje]] dị ka onwe ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/|title=Waje|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/}}</ref> == Mmepụta == Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Ebony Life TV bụ Mo Abudu mere ihe nkiri a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/|title=Mo Abudu|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075817/http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/}}</ref> Ọ bụ [[Biyi Bandele]] duziri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/|title=Biyi Bandele|accessdate=2 November 2012|work=fiftythemovie.com|archivedate=7 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075420/http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/}}</ref> == Ntọhapụ == Fifty nwere mmalite ya na London n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2015, nke rere n'ime ụbọchị anọ, a na-emekwa ihe ngosi onwe onye na Lagos n'ọnw ahụ. Nnukwu ihe ngosi ahụ bụ na Sunday, 13 December 2015, na Eko Hotel and Suites . <ref name="Fifty" /> E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na sinima na 18 Disemba 2015. [1]<ref name="Fifty">{{Cite web|url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/|title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival|accessdate=5 November 2015|work=ebonylifetv.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015134624/http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/|archive-date=15 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mmeghachi omume == Ihe nkiri ahụ zutere nyocha dị mma. Nollywood Reinvented kwuru na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ 52% ma gosipụta enweghị ọdịnaya na omimi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fifty|url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html|work=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị * {{IMDb title|5065500|Fifty}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVFnA30Dob0 "EN: Ajụjụ ọnụ pụrụ iche na onye nduzi Biyi Bandele, Cast & Crew Of Movie 'Fifty' 19/12/15"], Channels Television, 19 Disemba 2015. r3j349czvaxl6i5pk8irnv450bdxn1m 0 45572 743815 496578 2026-11-07T17:11:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|URL=[http://austinstevens.net/ Austin Stevens Official Website]<br><small>(closed in 2016)</small>|image=Austin Stevens in Mexico in 2008.jpg|name=Austin Stevens|birth_date=19 May 1950|birth_place=Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa|nationality=Mba Australia|alias=Snake Master|occupation=Naturalist Herpetologist Onye na-ese foto anụ ọhịa Onye edemede}} '''Austin Stevens''' (amụrụ na 19 Mee 1950) bụ onye Australia a mụrụ na South Africa <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fishgame.com/2015/10/snakemaster-speaks-a-conversation-with-austin-stevens/|title=Snakemaster Speaks: A Conversation with Austin Stevens|date=2015-10-22|work=Texas Fish & Game Magazine|accessdate=2017-11-14|language=en-US}}</ref> naturalist, herpetologist, Onye na-ese foto anụ ọhịa, onye na'ihe ndekọ, onye telivishọn, na onye edemede. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.austinstevens.net/|title=Austin Stevens - Snakeman, Herpetologist, Adventurer, Photographer, Filmmaker, Author|author=Admin}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-elekọta usoro ihe omume ọdịdị nke Animal Planet Austin Stevens: Snakemaster (2004−09). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.discovery.com/emea/wrld/programs/austin-stevens-most-dangerous/|title=Austin Stevens Most Dangerous : Programs : Discovery World : Discovery Press Web}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Stevens na 19 Mee 1950 na Pretoria, Transvaal. Nne ya na-arịa ọrịa mgbe niile, ọ tụfuru akpa ume n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala, ma nwụọ mgbe Stevens dị afọ iri atọ; nna ya nwere obere ụlọ ọrụ na-arụzi ígwè typewriter. Stevens malitere inwe mmasị n'agwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, nchịkọta anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ ya gụnyere ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ndị dị iche iche na ndị na-egbu egbu n'ụwa. Ọ na-achọpụta njem ya na nna nna ya si Bristol, England na akụkụ nke onye guzobere AJS Motorbike Corporation. == Ọrụ == Ọrụ Stevens na herpetology gụnyekwara ịnabata mmemme TV akpọrọ Austin Stevens: Snakemaster. Ihe ngosi a mere na Animal Planet na United States na 5 na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]. N'ihi na oge abụọ, usoro e rechristened Austin Stevens Adventures, nke, n'otu aka ahụ na ibe Animal Planet na-egosi The Crocodile Hunter na The Jeff Corwin Ahụmahụ, malitere ilekwasị anya na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka rhinos na hyenas, tinyere agwọ; E gosipụtara ihe ngosi ahụ na nkọwa dị elu[1] wee gbasaa ngụkọta nke nkeji iri abụọ na asatọ tupu ya akwụsị na 2009. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya bụ The Last Snake Man na UK site na Noir Publishing. Stevens na-eji [[Samsung]] Pro815 na ụdị Sony Cybershot a na-akọwaghị akọwa maka iji ya eme ihe n'ozuzu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ephotozine.com/article/ephotozine-talks-to-austin-stevens-13714|title=ePHOTOzine talks to Austin Stevens|author=Magezine Publishing Ltd|work=ePHOTOzine}}</ref> === Ndụ onwe onye === N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2007, Austin Stevens lụrụ nwunye ya nke abụọ Amy, onye na-elekọta python si [[Ostraliya|Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/driving/features/article4176470.ece|title=Login}}</ref> Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ahụ gasịrị, Stevens kwagara Australia. Na Septemba 2016, Stevens kpughere na a chọpụtala ya na ọrịa Parkinson. Na June 2023, Stevens kpughere na a wara ya ahụ iji wepụ Ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ n'ihu aka nri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/AustinStevensAdventurer/posts/pfbid02ZeyrAeVvGBWQ3Le5BR2e3GcRsnSHaptD79NYrJyJRFSk1Jm3jXQS2Uuxx9SN3nzql|title=Austin Stevens - Adventurer Facebook post|work=[[Facebook]]|date=13 June 2023|accessdate=16 June 2023}}</ref> Stevens mechara kọọ na ịwa ahụ gara nke ọma na ọ dịghị ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=800041441690207&set=pb.100050530747410.-2207520000.|title=Austin Stevens - Adventurer Facebook post|work=[[Facebook]]|date=13 June 2023|accessdate=16 June 2023}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe nrite ya: * Dragons of the Namib, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parthenonentertainment.com/programme.php?catid%3D1%26programmeid%3D89%26sectionid%3D2|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2009-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715050025/http://www.parthenonentertainment.com/programme.php?catid=1&programmeid=89&sectionid=2|archivedate=15 July 2011}}</ref> ihe ngosi banyere ndụ Namaqua Chameleon. Onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ese ihe nkiri. * Africa's Deadliest Dozen, ihe ngosi banyere agwọ na-egbu egbu nke Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/ET/popup/200610061100.html|title=National Geographic Channel TV Schedule - Africa's Deadly Dozen: Africa's Deadly Dozen &#91;TV-G&#93;|accessdate=2006-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129041345/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/ET/popup/200610061100.html|archivedate=29 November 2006}}</ref> Onye na-ese ihe nkiri * Die Natur der Schlange (German: The Nature of Snakes), ihe ngosi German nke 1997 banyere agwọ, nke a na-egosi na ZDF. * Austin na-ese foto anụ ọhịa maka Animals Animals/Earth Scenes <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalsanimals.com/index.asp|title=Nature Stock Photography Agency Nature Photographs Stock Images Photos|author=MSH|access-date=2024-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527085905/http://www.animalsanimals.com/index.asp|archive-date=2024-05-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ọ bụ onye na-enye onyinye mgbasa ozi na ARKive <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arkive.org/donors/a3.html|title=Media donors - A|work=ARKive|accessdate=30 December 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228192640/http://www.arkive.org/donors/a3.html|archivedate=28 December 2007}}</ref> Akwụkwọ: * ''Agwọ n'elu àkwà m'' (Penguin 1992) * The Last Snake Man (Noir Publishing 2007)   * Snakemaster (Skyhorse Publishing 2014) DVDS: * ''Agwọ Bite: Na-achọ Eze Cobra'' (Go Entertain 2005) * Austin Stevens: Snakemaster (ihe omume atọ mbụ) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://austinstevens.net/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Austin Steven] (na-emechi na July, 2016) * Austin Stevens (II) naIMDb [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] glqktq305hgdqlc1owe6pmemtok768u 0 45577 743818 175377 2026-11-07T17:51:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mba">Azu Nwagbogu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1975) bụ onye Naijiria na-ahụ maka nka na National Geographic Explorer at Large . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Azu Nwagbogu {{!}} World Press Photo|url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/azu-nwagbogu|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=www.worldpressphoto.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Hagan|first=Sean|date=2020-11-10|title='We have lost a limb': Azu Nwagbogu, the visionary curator bringing African art home|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/nov/10/azu-nwagbogu-visionary-curator-african-art-lagos-photo-festival|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye nduzi nke African Artists' Foundation, LagosPhoto Festival na onye okike nke Art Base Africa, oghere mebere emepe nke a raara nye ịchọpụta na ịghọta nka na diaspora nke oge a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Azu Nwagbogu|url=https://artreview.com/artist/azu-nwagbogu/?year=2023|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=artreview.com|language=en}}</ref> Royal Photographic Society nyere ya "Curator of Year" na 2021, ma tinye ya na ndepụta ArtReview nke 100 ndị kachasị ike n'ụwa nka na 2021, 2022 na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-10|title=Acclaimed curator Azu Nwagbogu salutes a favourite artist|url=https://rps.org/news/journal/2021/november/acclaimed-curator-azu-nwagbogu-salutes-a-favourite-artist/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=rps.org|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Power 100|url=https://artreview.com/power-100/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=artreview.com|language=en}}</ref> Ọ ga-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ mmeghe nke Benin na Venice Biennale na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Azu Nwagbogu on Curating the Republic of Benin Pavilion at the 60th Venice Biennale|url=https://artreview.com/azu-nwagbogu-on-representing-the-republic-of-benin-at-the-60th-venice-biennale/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=artreview.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Dafoe|first=Taylor|date=2023-03-15|title=The Republic of Benin Is Getting Its First-Ever National Pavilion at the 2024 Venice Biennale|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/republic-benin-venice-biennale-2270822|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Azu Nwagbogu na 1975 na Lagos, Nigeria. Agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu gụnyere nzere na Mahadum Benin na Benin, Naịjirịa na 1997 na Mahadum Cambridge na 2005. <ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Hagan|first=Sean|date=2020-11-10|title='We have lost a limb': Azu Nwagbogu, the visionary curator bringing African art home|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/nov/10/azu-nwagbogu-visionary-curator-african-art-lagos-photo-festival|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, o hiwere The African Artists' Foundation (AAF), ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dabere na Lagos, Nigeria.  Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nka nke Africa na-akwalite nka na ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa site na ihe ngosi, mmemme, asọmpi, ebe obibi, na ogbako.  Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa nwere na nguzobe nke National Art Competition na 2008, LagosPhoto Festival na 2010 na mmemme obibi ya mere ka mba ụwa mara banyere mmepụta ihe nke Africa. Na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ n'onwe ya, ọ haziri ihe ngosi na ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ gụnyere 'Nke a bụ Lagos' na African Artists' Foundation (2009), 'Dey Your Lane! Lagos Variations' na BOZAR The Centre for Fine Arts (2016), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dey Your Lane ! - Lagos Variations|url=https://contemporaryand.com/exhibition/dey-your-lane-lagos-variations/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Contemporary And|language=de}}</ref> 'Tear my Bra' maka Rencontres d'Arles (2016), <ref>{{Cite web|author=d'Arles|first=Les Rencontres|title=Tear My Bra*|url=http://www.rencontres-arles.com//fr/expositions/view/93/tear-my-bra|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=www.rencontres-arles.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401202749/http://www.rencontres-arles.com//fr/expositions/view/93/tear-my-bra|archive-date=2024-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Samuel Fosso: An African Odyssey' maka Photo Espana na Madrid (2018) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-04|title=Samuel Fosso PHotoESPAÑA Award & Leopoldo Zugaza Bartolomé Ros Award|url=https://www.phe.es/2018/06/04/samuel-fosso-premio-photoespana-y-leopoldo-zugaza-premio-bartolome-ros-3/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=PHotoESPAÑA|language=es|archivedate=2024-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401202748/https://www.phe.es/2018/06/04/samuel-fosso-premio-photoespana-y-leopoldo-zugaza-premio-bartolome-ros-3/}}</ref> na 'James Ostrer: Johnny Just Came' na Gazelli Art House, London (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Johnny Just Came {{!}} 8 June - 22 July 2018|url=https://gazelliarthouse.com/exhibitions/28-johnny-just-came-james-ostrer/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Gazelli Art House|language=en}}</ref>N'afọ 2018, ọ haziri ihe ngosi 'Colomental' na Staatliche Museen nke nyochara echiche iji gbasaa Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie karịa echiche ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na otu esi etinye omenala na nka ndị na-abụghị nke Ọdịda Ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Berlin|first=Staatliche Museen zu|title=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin: Home|url=https://www.smb.museum/en/home/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin|language=en}}</ref> Na 2017, a họpụtara ya Curator na nnukwu foto na Zeitz MOCAA Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.[1] Ọ ghọrọ Chief Curator n'afọ sochirinụ wee jee ozi dị ka onye isi ruo 2018. Na 2019, ọ chịkọtara ihe ngosi ahụ 'Still Here Tomorrow to High Five You Yesterday', nke gụnyere ọrụ sitere n'aka ndị nka 40 si Africa na ndị si mba ọzọ.[2] Ihe ngosi ahụ lebara isiokwu nke njem na mbugharị site n'echiche na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ chịkọtara ihe ngosi ahụ 'Gịnị Mere M Kwesịrị Ịla azụ: Ịme Ihe Na-arụ Ọrụ', bụ nke gosipụtara ọrụ onye na-ese ihe William Kentridge, gụnyere ọrụ ndị a na-ahụ maka oge mbụ na South Africa. N'afọ 2021, ọ malitere ọrụ mweghachi 'Searching For Prince Adewale Oyenuga' na Malaga na Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2022-12-28|title=52 years after, Oyenuga's suitcase back home|url=https://guardian.ng/art/52-years-after-oyenugas-suitcase-back-home/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401193403/https://guardian.ng/art/52-years-after-oyenugas-suitcase-back-home/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-20|title=Search: Prince Emmanuel Adewale Oyenuga|url=https://britishphotohistory.ning.com/profiles/blogs/serch-prince-emmanuel-adewale-oyenuga|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=British Photographic History}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, Nwagbogu malitere ọrụ ngosi, 'Dig Where You Stand, From Coast to Coast (DWYS) ' nke gosipụtara ụdị ọhụrụ nke itinye aka na ajụjụ nke decolonization, restitution, na repatriation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dig Where You Stand - Group Show|url=https://contemporaryand.com/exhibition/dig-where-you-stand-group-show-2/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Contemporary And|language=de}}</ref> E gosipụtara ihe ngosi ahụ na mbụ na Savannah Center for Contemporary Art (SCCA) nke [[Ibrahim Mahama (artist)|Ibrahim Mahama]] na Tamale, Ghana. Usoro ihe ngosi ahụ nyochara ikike ime ka nka dị ọhụrụ gafee kọntinent Afrịka na diasporas ya site n'ịgbanwe usoro ọchịchị nke ndị na-achị ala ọzọ site na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=At the Palais de Lomé, an Exhibition Asks Visitors to 'Dig Where You Stand' - Okayplayer|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/african-art-togo/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=www.okayafrica.com|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, a họpụtara Azu Nwagbogu ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ mbụ nke Buro Stedelijk, ikpo okwu ọhụrụ maka nka Africa nke oge a dabere na Amsterdam.[1] Na 2023, National Geographic Society kpọrọ ya 'Explorer at Large', n'ịghọta nkwa ya n'ịdekọ omenala na gburugburu ụwa dị iche iche. Onye isi ala Patrice Talon họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nlekọta nke ụlọ ọrụ [[Benin]] na Venice Biennale . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-14|title=Curator Azu Nwagbogu on Restitution, Collaboration and African Feminism|url=https://observer.com/2023/09/azu-nwagbogu-restitution-collaboration-african-feminism/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Azu Nwagbogu on Curating the Republic of Benin Pavilion at the 60th Venice Biennale|url=https://artreview.com/azu-nwagbogu-on-representing-the-republic-of-benin-at-the-60th-venice-biennale/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=artreview.com|language=en}}</ref> Pavilion nke 2024 ga-edozi ajụjụ nke mweghachi na ihe osise pụrụ iche site na ndị na-ese ihe [[Romuald Hazoumè|Romuald Hazoumé]], Chloe Quenum, Ishola Akpo na Moufoli Bello.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Azu Nwagbogu|url=https://beninpavilion.bj/speakers/azu-nwagbogu/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Benin Pavilion|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ihe osise ahụ ga-enyocha ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka ma dọrọ na [[Geọn|Gelede]] nke bụ emume ụmụ nwanyị na-eme iji kwanyere nne mbụ ùgwù, yana ụzọ isi mee emume ime mmụọ na nke anụ ahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na obodo [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dafoe|first=Taylor|date=2023-03-15|title=The Republic of Benin Is Getting Its First-Ever National Pavilion at the 2024 Venice Biennale|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/republic-benin-venice-biennale-2270822|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Artnet News|language=en-US}}</ref> Nwagbogu kọwara na ụlọ ahụ bụ ndọtị nke ihe ngosi 2022 'The Art of Benin of Yesterday and Today: from Restitution to Revelation', nke gosipụtara ihe 26 nke Beninois nke ndị agha France zuuru na 1892 mana emesịa laghachi na mba ahụ site na Quai Branly Museum nke France. Ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere ihe osise nke oge a nke meghachiri omume na ihe ndị e zuuru dị afọ 200. Nwagbogu ga-enye ụzọ yiri nke ahụ iji weghachite ihe ọmụma site na nka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kan|first=Toni|date=2023-04-02|title=Azu Nwagbogu to curate Benin's first ever Venice Biennale pavilion in 2024|url=https://thelagosreview.ng/azu-nwagbogu-to-curate-benins-first-ever-venice-biennale-pavilion-in-2024/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=The Lagos Review|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-eje ozi na juri, bọọdụ ndụmọdụ, na ndị otu curatorial gụnyere Dutch Doc (2012 – 15), POPCAP Photography Awards (2012 – 22), Prisma Photography Award (2015), Greenpeace Photo Award (2016), New York Times Pọtụfoliyo Review  (2017–20), Magnum Photography Award (2017), [1] W. Eugene Smith Award (2018), Photo Espana (2018), Foam Paul Huf Award (2019), Wellcome Photography Prize (2019), Foto World Press  (2020), Social Impact Art Prize (2020), Photo Vogue Festival (2015 -), [2] na Prix Carmignac (2022), Leica Oskar Barnack Award (LOBA) (2022), Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Grant maka foto (2022).  2022), Nturu ugo foto isi na emume FORMAT (2022). == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == Na 2014, o hiwere akwụkwọ akụkọ ntanetị Art Base Africa nke na-elekwasị anya na nka nke oge a sitere na Africa na ndị mba ọzọ. O nyela aka n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere Martin Roemers: Metropolis (2016), [[Joana Choumali]]: Hâbré, ọgbọ ikpeazụ (2018), Making Africa: A Continent of Contemporary Design (2015), Africa Under the Prism Contemporary African Photography from LagosPhoto Festival (2015), Dey your Lane! Lagos Variations (2015) na Raquel Van Haver - Spirits Of The Soil (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Publication: Raquel van Haver, Spirits of the Soil - Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam|url=https://www.larkindurey.com/publications/56-raquel-van-haver-spirits-of-the-soil-stedelijk-museum-amsterdam/|accessdate=2024-04-01|work=Larkin Durey|language=en}}</ref> == Nkwado == Na 2021, Royal Photographic Society na United Kingdom nyere Azu Nwagbogu 'Curator of Year'.[1] A họọrọ ya 87 na ntuziaka ArtReview maka ọnụ ọgụgụ 100 kachasị ike na nka nke oge a wee pụta na 2021 na 2022.[2] [3] A họpụtara ya dị ka Curator maka Prix Decouverte Rencontres d'Arles (2014), Photoquai (2015), Photolux Festival (2015) na Breda Photo (2018).. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ay5gpqz0p2zrs5z1dutxtz82kmwlvzg 0 45657 743852 688348 2026-11-08T02:26:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Nkasi obi Arthur''' bụ onye Ghana amuru na Britain ihe ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe osise, onye na-ese ihe na onye ndezi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur bio|url=https://www.kweli.tv/authors/comfort-arthur|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=www.kweli.tv|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102619/https://www.kweli.tv/authors/comfort-arthur|archive-date=2021-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ animation dị ka ''Black Barbie'', ''Ndị A bụrụ ọnụ'' na ''Ụmụaka nke ugwu'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Barbie - IFFR|url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2018/films/black-barbie|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=iffr.com}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere "The Comfy Studio" nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị na Ghana. <ref name="ladma">{{Cite web|title=Meet Your Fellow A-List Woman in Film: Comfort Arthur (Ghana) - LADIMA|url=https://ladima.africa/meet-your-fellow-a-list-woman-in-film-comfort-arthur-ghana/|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=ladima.africa}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na United Kingdom. O nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na eserese eserese site na Central Saint Martins wee mechaa nzere Masters na Animation site na Royal College of Art . <ref name="career">{{Cite web|title=Berlinale Talents - Comfort Arthur career|url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt//bt/talent/comfort-arthur/profile|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=Berlinale Talents|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'ime oge ya na Royal College of Art, Arthur meriri ihe nrite mbụ maka Onye nrụpụta ihe ngosi Motion kacha mma na Real Ideas Studio na 2009. Ọ merikwara ihe nrite mbụ maka ihe nkiri animation/Moving na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur|url=https://www.rca.ac.uk/students/comfort-arthur/|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=Royal College of Art|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa afọ asaa. Agbanyeghị na Disemba 2012, ọ hapụrụ London wee kwaga Ghana dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ihe nkiri site n'enyemaka nwanne ya nwanyị. Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyere na Sparrow Productions wee rụọ ọrụ afọ atọ. Na 2015 ọ ghọrọ onye nweere onwe ya, wee malite ịrụ ọrụ nke ya. <ref name="ladma"/> N'otu afọ ahụ, a họpụtara nwa agbọghọ ya obere ihe nkiri animated ''The Peculiar Life of a Spider'' n'ụdị animation na Ghana Movie Awards na The Africa Movie Academy Awards. <ref name="career"/> N'afọ 2016, ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, "The Comfy Studio" wee mepụta ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ toro mkpụmkpụ animated. N'afọ 2015, o mere ihe nkiri dị mkpụmkpụ ''Imagine'' nke mechara nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na Golden Movie Awards na 2016. <ref name="works">{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur works|url=http://ctiaf.com/speakers/comfort-arthur/|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=ctiaf|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102620/http://ctiaf.com/speakers/comfort-arthur/}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, o mere obere ihe nkiri uri animation ''Black Barbie'' wee lelee mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa 40. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur Talks Skin Bleaching and Making 'Black Barbie'|url=https://www.reformthefunk.com/features/comfort-arthur-talks-skin-bleaching-and-making-black-barbie|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=REFORM THE FUNK|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102619/https://www.reformthefunk.com/features/comfort-arthur-talks-skin-bleaching-and-making-black-barbie}}</ref> Mkpirisi ahụ natara ndị nkatọ toro ma họpụta Arthur maka ọtụtụ onyinye yana onyinye Animation kacha mma na Ghana Movie Awards 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=FLO London: In conversation with Comfort Arthur|url=https://www.flolondon.co.uk/all-posts/in-conversation-with-comfort-arthur|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=FLO London|language=en-US}}</ref> Abụ ahụ meriri ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha ekwu okwu na Ememme Nkiri Real Times na 2016. <ref name="career"/> Na Annecy International Animated Film Festival na 2017, a họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Short Short kacha mma. N'otu afọ ahụ na Queens World Film Festival, a họpụtara mkpụmkpụ maka onyinye abụọ: Best Animation na Best Narrative Short Short. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur nominations|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6788644/awards|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=IMDb}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Arthur meriri ihe nrite maka onye nduzi nwanyị kacha mma na BlackStar International Film Festival nakwa maka ''Black Barbie'' . <ref name="career"/> Mgbe ahụ na 2018 ọrụ ntinye ya ''Naughty Nii'' nwetara ihe nrite nke mbụ na-agba ọsọ na ihe nrite Kuenyehia Ghana nke oge a. <ref name="works"/> N'afọ 2019, o wepụtara usoro ihe nkiri webụ ihe ọchị, nke akpọrọ ''M Na-ebi na Ghana, Wepụ m n'ebe a'' . Na 2020, ya na Ladima Foundation rụkọrọ ọrụ iji kwado mmemme mmemme maka ụmụ agbọghọ na Nigeria. <ref name="ladma"/> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nkiri ! Ọrụ ! Ụdị ! Ref. |- | 2015 | ''Ndị a bụrụ ọnụ'' | Isoke | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2015 | ''Ndị a bụrụ ọnụ'' | data wrangler | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2015 | ''Grey Dawn'' | Ọga n'ihu nke edemede | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2016 | ''Umu Ugwu'' | Dọkịta bi na nwanyị | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2016 | ''Black Barbie'' | Onye nduzi, Animator, Onye edemede, Onye Mmepụta | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- | 2017 | ''Yaa'' | Ohu 1 | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- | 2017 | ''Keteke'' | Anụmanụ | Ihe nkiri | |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|6788644}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lt14axg4mbxfhhwo5g4413vb7161eo8 0 45686 743848 698151 2026-11-08T01:20:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743848 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Red_Bird_Chris_Ofili.jpg|thumb| ''Red Bird'' - watercolor na akwụkwọ]] '''Christopher Ofili''', CBE (amụrụ 10 Ọktoba 1968) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Britain bụ onye ama ama maka eserese ya gụnyere nsị elephant. Ọ bụ onye mmeri Turner na otu n'ime ndị na-eto eto Britain . Kemgbe 2005, Ofili na-ebi ma na-arụ ọrụ na [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad na Tobago]], ebe ọ bi ugbu a n'obodo Port of Spain . O birikwa ma rụọ ọrụ na [[London]] na Brooklyn . <ref name="newyorker.com"/> Ofili ejirila resin, beads, agba mmanụ, ihe na-egbuke egbuke, mkpọ nsị elephant na mpụ na magazin ndị gba ọtọ dị ka ihe eserese. E kewawo ọrụ ya dị ka nka nka . == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Ofili na Manchester, England, nye nne na nna May na Michael Ofili sitere na agbụrụ Naijiria. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ofili, Chris, b.1968|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artists/ofili-chris-b-1968|accessdate=2023-02-10|work=Art UK|language=en|archivedate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210051611/https://artuk.org/discover/artists/ofili-chris-b-1968}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, nna ya hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya laghachi [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . <ref name="newyorker.com"/> Ofili gụrụ akwụkwọ ruo afọ ụfọdụ na St. Pius X High School maka ụmụ nwoke, na mgbe ahụ na Xaverian College na Victoria Park, Manchester . <ref>[http://www.artnet.com/artist/12782/chris-ofili.html Chris Ofili Brief biography] on ham. Retrieval Date: 26 July 2007.</ref> Ofili dechara nkuzi ntọala na nka na kọleji Tameside dị na Ashton-under-Lyne na Greater Manchester <ref name="newyorker.com" /> wee mụọ na [[London]], na Chelsea School of Art site na 1988 ruo 1991 yana na Royal College of Art site na 1991 ruo 1993. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1992, ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mgbanwe otu afọ na Universität der Künste Berlin . <ref name="newyorker.com" /> Ofili gara Trinidad na nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2000, mgbe otu ụlọ ọrụ nka nka nke mba ụwa kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ogbako eserese na Port of Spain. <ref name="newyorker.com">[[Calvin Tomkins]] (6 October 2014), [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/06/unknown-6 "Into the Unknown: Chris Ofili returns to New York with a major retrospective"], ''[[The New Yorker]]''.</ref> Ọ kwagara Trinidad na 2005 na-adịgide adịgide. Na 2002, ọ lụrụ Roba El-Essawy, onye bụbu onye na-agụ egwú na- eme njem-hop band Attica Blues . <ref name="Attica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mowaxplease.com/exclusive-an-interview-with-charlie-dark-of-attica-blues/|title=AN INTERVIEW WITH CHARLIE DARK OF ATTICA BLUES|publisher=Mo Wax Please|accessdate=16 June 2014|archivedate=15 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715092410/http://www.mowaxplease.com/exclusive-an-interview-with-charlie-dark-of-attica-blues/}}</ref> Ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 2019 </link> . Ọ na-edobe studio na Port of Spain, Trinidad. <ref name="newyorker.com" /> == Ọrụ == [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]], Georg Baselitz, Philip Guston, na George Condo nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọrụ mbụ Ofili. <ref name="newyorker.com"/> Peter Doig nọ na-arụ ọrụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Chelsea College of Arts mgbe Ofili bụ onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ha ghọrọ enyi. <ref name="newyorker.com" /> Na 2014, onye nkatọ nka Roberta Smith kwuru na Ofili nwere ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ya na ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Mickalene Thomas, Kerry James Marshall, [[Robert Colescott]] na [[Ellen Gallagher]], na ihe ndị ọzọ dị anya dị ka [[Bob Thompson (painter)|Bob Thompson]], Beauford Delaney na William H. Johnson . <ref>[[Roberta Smith]] (30 October 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/arts/design/chris-ofili-night-and-day-a-survey-at-the-new-museum.html "Medium and Message, Both Unsettling: ‘Chris Ofili: Night and Day,’ a Survey at the New Museum"], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> E hiwere Ofili site na ihe ngosi nke Charles Saatchi na gallery ya dị na ugwu London na ihe ngosi njem ''Sensation'' (1997), bụrụ onye amara dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Britain ole na ole sitere na agbụrụ Africa / Caribbean na-agbasa dị ka onye so na otu ndị na-eto eto British Artists . Ofili enweela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo kemgbe mmalite 1990s, gụnyere na Southampton City Art Gallery]. Na 1998, Ofili meriri ihe nrite Turner, na 2003 a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Britain na Venice Biennale nke afọ ahụ, bụ ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ya maka British Pavilion na mmekorita ya na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ [[David Adjaye]] . N'afọ 1992, ọ meriri akwụkwọ mmụta nke nyere ya ohere ịga [[Zimbabwe]] . Ofili mụrụ ihe osise ọgba n'ebe ahụ, nke nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ n'ụdị ya. N'agbata 1995 na 2005, Ofili lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị agba mmiri, nke ọ bụla dịka 9½ na 6½ inch wee mepụta n'otu oche. <ref>[[Michael Kimmelman]] (8 May 2005), [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/08/arts/design/08kimm.html "Wake Up. Wash Face. Do Routine. Now Paint"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> Ha na-abụkarị ndị isi ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị, yana ọmụmụ ụfọdụ gbasara ifuru na nnụnụ. <ref name="nytimes.com">Carol Vogel (5 May 2005), [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/05/arts/05ofil.html "An Artist's Gallery of Ideas: Chris Ofili's Watercolors"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> Eserese Ofili na-ekwukwa banyere ihe nkiri blaxploitation na gangsta rap, na-achọ ajụjụ gbasara agbụrụ na mmekọahụ n'ụzọ na-atọ ọchị. N'usoro ihu nke Ofili kpọrọ ''Harems'', nhazi ọ bụla nwere otu nwoke nwere ihe ruru ụmụ nwanyị anọ n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla. <ref name="nytimes.com" /> A na-arụkarị ọrụ Ofili n'ígwé agba, resin, ihe na-egbuke egbuke, nsị (karịsịa elephant) na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta mkpokọta . Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-akparị Ofili na-ekwukarị na ọ “na-efesa” <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000227/ai_n14292995 |title=''The Independent'', 27 February 2000 |accessdate=27 May 2024 |archivedate=31 January 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131163643/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000227/ai_n14292995 }}</ref> nsị elephant na foto ya, nke a ezighi ezi: mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-etinye ya ozugbo na kwaaji n'ụdị akpụ akpụ akpọnwụ akpọnwụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ, n'otu ụdị ahụ, na-eji ya dị ka. ihe nkwado ụkwụ dị ka varnished nke eserese na-eguzo na ya. Ofili bụ onye nchoputa na onye na-akpali akpali n'azụ ''ọrụ nnwere onwe'' dị mkpụmkpụ. Ihe omume a gụnyere nchikota nke ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-egwu egwu nke agbụrụ dị nta (Asia na Africa) na mgbalị ikpughe egwu ndị a na-adịghị anụ na oghere ndị ọzọ. Nnwere onwe mere ka a nụ ihe okike nke ndị nka obere agbụrụ Britain na-edebanyeghị aha. Nsonaazụ nke ọnwa nke njem nlegharị anya na obodo iri na UK mere ka ''nnwere onwe Mpịakọta 1'' - nchịkọta ọrụ ndị e gosipụtara n'oge njem ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwagara Trinidad na 2005, Ofili malitere usoro ihe osise na-acha anụnụ anụnụ sitere na ''Jab Jab'' ma ọ bụ "ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ" na-ekere òkè na Trinidad na Tobago Carnival, na otu Expressionist nke German na Russian artists, ''Der Blaue Reiter .'' Ihe osise ndị a na-ejikarị ọla ọcha, acrylic ndabere nke nwere agba mmanụ gbara ọchịchịrị n'elu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://db-artmag.de/archiv/2006/e/4/2/448.html|title=db artmag - all the news on Deutsche Bank Art / db artmag - alle Infos zur Kunst der Deutschen Bank|author=www.absoluto.de|first=martin weise //|work=db-artmag.de|accessdate=8 December 2016|archivedate=19 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619062221/http://db-artmag.de/archiv/2006/e/4/2/448.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/28/chris-ofilis-blue-devils-black-men-police|title=Chris Ofili's Blue Devils: between black men and the police|author=Ryder|first=Matthew|date=28 October 2014|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|accessdate=8 December 2016}}</ref> Emechara gosi mbigharị nke ọrụ ndị a na ihe nkiri solo nke Ofili ''Chris Ofili: Day na abalị'' na New Museum nke New York bụ nke etinyere n'ime ụlọ na-enwu nke ukwuu, na-eme ka ndị na-ekiri ha gbanwee anya ha na ọchịchịrị ka ha hụ ihe osise. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/chris-ofili|title=Chris Ofili: Night and Day|work=www.newmuseum.org|accessdate=8 December 2016|archivedate=13 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213064657/http://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/chris-ofili}}</ref> A họpụtara Ofili [[Order of the British Empire|Ọchịagha nke Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) na 2017 New Year Honors maka ọrụ nka. Ofili etinyere na mbipụta 2019 nke Powerlist, n'ogo 100 ndị Black Britain kacha nwee mmetụta. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hicks|first=Amber|title=List of 100 most influential black people includes Meghan Markle for first time|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/powerlist-2019-100-most-influential-13459460|work=mirror|accessdate=20 April 2020|date=23 October 2018}}</ref><gallery> Usòrò:Sensation_Young_British_Artists_from_the_Saatchi_Collection_at_the_Brooklyn_Museum_17.jpg|alt=The Holy Virgin Mary, Saatchi Collection (2017)| ''Virgin Mary di nsọ'', Nchịkọta Saatchi (2017) Usòrò:Union_Black_at_Tate_Britain,_2010_close-up.jpg| ''Union Black'', Tate Britain (2010) Usòrò:Olympic_Poster,_For_the_Unknown_Runner_by_Chris_Ofili_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3110046.jpg|alt=For the Unknown Runner, 2012 Olympics| ''Maka onye na-agba ọsọ amaghi ama'',Olimpik 2012 </gallery> == Ihe ngosi == E gosipụtara ọrụ Ofili n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ihe ngosi 1995 ''Brilliant!'' ''Ọhụrụ Art si London'' na Walker Art Center . Ihe ngosi solo dị ịrịba ama gụnyere Arts Club of Chicago (2010), Kestnergesellschaft, Hanover (2006), Studio Museum na Harlem, New York (2005), na Southampton City Art Gallery (1998). Na 2010, Tate Britain gosipụtara ihe ngosi kachasị ukwuu nke ọrụ ya ruo taa. <ref>Michael Glover, [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/shock-and-awe-the-art-of-chris-ofili-1874739.html "Shock and awe: The art of Chris Ofili"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 22 January 2010.</ref> <ref>[[Adrian Searle]] (25 January 2010), [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/jan/25/chris-ofili-tate?intcmp=239 "Chris Ofili heads into the shadows"], ''[[The Guardian]]''.</ref> N'afọ 2014, New Museum dị na New York gosipụtara ihe ngosi mbụ bụ isi solo nke ọrụ Ofili na US akpọrọ ''Chris Ofili: Abali na ehihie'' . <ref name=":0"/> == Esemokwu == === ''Virgin Mary di nsọ'' === Otu n'ime ihe osise ya, ''The Holy Virgin Mary'', ihe ngosi nke Virgin Mary, nọ na ikpe n'etiti onyeisi obodo [[New York City]], Rudy Giuliani, na Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn mgbe e gosipụtara ya n'ebe ahụ na 1999 dị ka akụkụ. nke ihe ngosi <nowiki><i id="mwwA">Sensation</i></nowiki> . Ihe osise a gosiri Black Madonna nke ihe onyonyo sitere na ihe nkiri na-eme ihe ike na nso nso a na-ebipụ na magazin ndị gba ọtọ, na nsị elephant gbara ya gburugburu. <ref>Will Bennett, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1385616/Elephant-dung-artist-gives-a-little-back.html "Elephant dung artist gives a little back"], ''The Telegraph'', 22 February 2002.</ref> E mere ihe ndị a ka ha bụrụ ụdị ndị na-echetara ndị cherọb na seraphim ndị a na-egosipụtakarị n’ihe oyiyi nke Echiche Adịghị Mma na Echiche Meri . N'ịgbaso asịrị nke gbara eserese a, Bernard Goldberg họọrọ Ofili Nke 86 na ''100 People Who Are Screwing Up America'' . Red Grooms gosipụtara nkwado ya nke onye na-ese ihe site n'ịzụta otu n'ime ihe osise Ofili na 1999, ọbụlagodi mgbe Giuliani kwuchara nke ọma, "Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na Ndezigharị Mbụ nke na-akwado ọrụ jọgburu onwe ya na ihe arụ!" Ihe osise a bụ David Walsh ma gosipụta ya na Museum of Old and New Art na Hobart, Tasmania . Steven A. Cohen nweziri ya ruo afọ atọ wee nye ihe osise a na Museum of Modern Art . === ''Ụlọ elu'' na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Tate === ''Ụlọ elu ahụ'' bụ ihe osise 13 nke enwe macaque rhesus nke Ofili na-arụ n'ime ụlọ a haziri ahazi. Tate Gallery zụtara ya n'afọ 2005 wee kpatara esemokwu dịka Ofili nọ na bọọdụ nke Tate Trustees n'oge ịzụrụ ya. <ref>Charlotte Higgins, [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1823781,00.html "How the Tate broke the law"], ''The Guardian'', 19 July 2006.</ref> Na 2006 Charity Commission katọrọ Tate maka ịzụrụ ihe a. == Ahịa nka == Ya ''Orgena'', ihe osise na-egbuke egbuke nke nwanyị ojii nke onye na-ese ihe kere maka ihe ngosi nke Turner na-emeri na Tate na 1998 ka rere ya nye onye nchịkọta America maka ndekọ GBP 1.8 nde, karịa GBP 1 nde elu atụmatụ, na Christie's London. n'afọ 2010. <ref>Kelly Crow (1 July 2010), [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703426004575339413012478790 "Christie's Sells Warhol 'Silver Liz' for GBP 6.8 Million"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref> N'afọ 2015, onye na-anakọta ihe osise David Walsh rere ''The Holy Virgin Mary'' dị ụkwụ asatọ nke Ofili maka nde pound abụọ na narị itoolu na Christie's . <ref>Katya Kazakina (30 June 2015), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-30/giuliani-blasted-madonna-with-dung-art-sells-for-4-6-million Ofili’s Madonna Sets Record at Christie’s $150.3 Million Sale], ''[[Bloomberg Business]]''.</ref> == Na-arụ ọrụ == {| align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border: 0px solid #E5FFEC; background-color: #=#E5FFEC" width="100%" | valign="top" width="50%" | * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232305/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3069.htm ''Douen's Dance'''], eserese * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232316/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3071.htm ''Christmas Eve (palms)'''], eserese * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232300/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3068.htm ''Christmas Eve'''], graphic art * 2007 ''Black Milky Way'', nka eserese * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232229/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_2527.htm ''Afrotranslinear'''], nka eserese * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232311/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3070.htm ''Lover's rock — ikpe ọmụma''], eserese * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232255/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3067.htm ''The Raising Lazarus'''], eserese * 2006 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232245/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3065.htm ''Belmont Guru'''], nka eserese * 2006 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232235/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_2528.htm ''Enweghị aha'''], nka eserese * 2006 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232219/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_2105.htm ''Enweghị aha'''], nka eserese * 2006 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232347/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3151.htm ''Iberibe ọla ọcha iri atọ''], eserese * 2006 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232214/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_2101.htm ''Onyinye Ya Abụọ & Onyinye Ya Abụọ''], nka eserese * 2004 ''Damaskọs (диптих)'', graphic art * 2003 ''N'ime Reach'', ntinye na 50th Venice Biennale * 2002-2003 ''Afro Apparition'', eserese * 2002 ''The Kiss'', eserese * 2001-2002 ''Triple Beam Dreamer'', eserese * 2001 ''Enwe Ime Anwansi - Mmekọahụ, Ọgwụ & Ego - akụkụ tụgharịa'', eserese * 1999-2002 ''The Upper Room'', Victoria Miro Gallery ngosi * 1999 ''Princess and the Posse'', eserese * 1998 ''Ọ dịghị Nwanyị Enweghị akwa'', eserese * 1998 ''Adoration nke Captain Shit na Akụkọ Ochie nke Black Stars'', eserese * 1996 ''Holy Virgin Mary'', eserese * 1996 ''Afrodizzia (ụdị nke abụọ)'', eserese * 1995-2005 ''Afro Muses: Onye na-akọ ubi'', nka eserese * 1995—2005 ''Afro Muses: Harem 2'', nka eserese | valign="top" width="50%" | '''Ọkpụkpụ:''' * 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232250/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3066.htm ''Onyunyo Pụrụ Ime Ihe Nile''], ọla kọpa, igwe anaghị agba nchara, 106.7 x 114.3 x 27.9 cm * 2007 ''Saint Sebastian'', ọla kọpa * ''Nkwupụta 2006''', ọla kọpa, 200.7 x 213.4 x 119.4 cm * 2006 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232240/http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/60/work_3064.htm ''Meri Magdalin (Infinity)''], ọla kọpa, 109.2 x 73.7 x 68.6&nbsp;cm * 2005 ''Blue Moon'', ọla kọpa, 205 x 120 x 166 cm * ''Ọnwa ọla ọcha'' 2005, ọla kọpa, 201 x 137 x 175 cm |} == Hụkwa == * odo India, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe mkpofu anụmanụ na nka == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Caroline Deeds na Kate Vogel [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2010/feb/02/art-chris-ofili-painting "Onye na-ese ihe Chris Ofili: gafere anya mmiri"], ''The Guardian'', 3 February 2010. Ihe nkiri Tate Media gbasara ihe ngosi Chris Ofili nke 2010 na Tate Modern yana ka ịkwaga Trinidad siri tọhapụ ọrụ ya. * Chris Ofili * [http://www.davidzwirner.com/artists/chris-ofili/ Chris Ofili ibe], David Zwirner. * [http://www.victoria-miro.com/artists/6,1/ Victoria Miro Gallery: Chris Ofili] * [http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/turner-prize-1998/turner-prize-1998-artists-chris-ofili "Turner Prize 1998 artists: Chris Ofili"], Tate. * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/225737.stm "Profaịlụ Chris Ofili"], BBC, 1 Disemba 1998 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721041212/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2005%2F11%2F01%2Fbaofili01.xml&sSheet=%2Farts%2F2005%2F11%2F01%2Fixartleft.html Nchekwa nke Tate ''The Upper Room'' ịzụrụ.] * Mark Hudson, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/7073175/Chris-Ofili-I-wander-deep-into-the-forest-where-its-scary.html "Chris Ofili: 'M na-awagharị n'ime ọhịa - ebe ọ na-atụ egwu'"] ''The Telegraph'', 25 Jenụwarị 2010. * [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Chris-Ofili-David-Adjaye/dp/0847832155 ''Chris Ofili''], Rizzoli International, Fall 2009. Ndị nyere aka gụnyere [[David Adjaye]], Thelma Golden, [[Okwui Enwezor]], Peter Doig na Kara Walker . * [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/shock-and-awe-the-art-of-chris-ofili-1874739.html "Ujo na egwu: Nkà nke Chris Ofili"] ; njirimara nke Michael Glover, wee wepụta na "Ekow Eshun gbara ajụjụ ọnụ Chris Ofili", nke Helen Little deziri na ''Chris Ofili'' (Tate Publishing, 2010), ''The Independent'', 22 Jenụarị 2010. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171026163637/http://www.rizzoliusa.com/book.php?isbn=9780847844562 ''Chris Ofili''] . Ndị Massimiliano Gioni, Gary Carrion-Murayari na Margot Norton deziri. Skira Rizzoli, 2014. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-4456-2|978-0-8478-4456-2]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ofili, Chris}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jk47fs05gnfo8722vtgsy8ktnvsvw9u 0 46543 743822 697850 2026-11-07T18:23:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Balazs Gardi''' bụ onye Hungarian, onye na-ese foto dabere na America. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Balazs Gardi|url=https://www.annenbergphotospace.org/person/balazs-gardi/|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=Annenberg Space for Photography|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Four Photographers To Follow on Instagram This Memorial Day Weekend|url=https://www.popphoto.com/american-photo/four-photographers-to-follow-on-instagram-this-memorial-day-weekend/|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=Popular Photography|date=28 May 2016|language=en}}</ref> Na 2008, Gardi nwetara ihe nrite abụọ nke 1st na World Press Photo Awards wee nweta ihe nrite Photojournalism na Bayeux-Calvados Award for War Correspondents maka ọrụ ya si Afghanistan. <ref name="worldpressphoto">{{Cite web|title=2008 Balazs Gardi GNS1-AL|url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2008/30683/1/2008-Balazs-Gardi-GNS1-AL|accessdate=2020-09-29|work=www.worldpressphoto.org}}</ref> <ref name="worldphoto">{{Cite web|title=Balazs Gardi - 2018 Sony Professional Grant|url=https://www.worldphoto.org/balazs-gardi-2018-sony-professional-grant|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=World Photography Organisation|language=en}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Gardi buru ụzọ mụọ foto n'okpuru József Hefelle na Budapsti Komplex SZC Kézművesipari ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị tupu ya aga MÚOSZ Journalism School [ hu ] na Budapest <ref>{{Cite news|title=Exkluzív interjú Gárdi Balázs fotográfussal|language=hu|work=Fotó Art Magazin|url=http://www.fotoartmagazin.hu/rovatok/interju/25-exkluziv-interju-gardi-balazs-fotografussal|accessdate=2022-07-29}}</ref> na emechaa na Mahadum Wales, Cardiff . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Basetrack Project|url=http://www.graffitiofwar.com/the-basetrack-project.html|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=The Graffiti of War Project|language=en|archivedate=2011-09-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908062439/http://www.graffitiofwar.com/the-basetrack-project.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịse foto == Gardi malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị ''Népszabadság'' gburugburu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gárdi Balázs|url=http://www.tedxdanubia.com/speaker/gardi-balazs|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=www.tedxdanubia.com|language=hu|archivedate=2016-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530045431/http://www.tedxdanubia.com/speaker/gardi-balazs}}</ref> N'etiti afọ 2000, ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ na-edekọ ndị [[Ndị Rom|Rom (Gypsy)]] pere mpe, na-ese foto ndị dara ogbenye na ndị a na-akpa ókè n'ime mba iri na abụọ nke Eastern Europe. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Balazs|author=Gardi|title=The Roma People by Balazs Gardi - The Digital Journalist (November 2006)|url=http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0611/dis_gardi.html|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=digitaljournalist.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107183235/http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0611/dis_gardi.html|archive-date=2007-01-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Foto ya apụtala akwụkwọ gụnyere ''Harper's Magazine,'' <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2017-09-12|first=Balazs|author=Gardi|title=[Postcard] {{!}} Volunteer Army, by Balazs Gardi|url=https://harpers.org/2017/09/volunteer-army/|accessdate=2020-09-29|journal=Harper's Magazine|language=en}}</ref> ''National Geographic,'' <ref name="nationalgeographic">{{Cite web|date=2016-03-22|title=See Powerful Pictures of How We're Using and Misusing Water|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/03/160322-world-water-day-photographs-pictures-california-dubai-drought/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001213102/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/03/160322-world-water-day-photographs-pictures-california-dubai-drought/|archivedate=October 1, 2019|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=National Geographic News|language=en}}</ref> ''The New York Times,'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. - Image - NYTimes.com|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/10/15/us/JUMP-3.html|accessdate=2020-09-29|work=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kamber|first=Michael|date=2010-12-21|title=Covering Marines at War, Through Facebook|url=https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/21/covering-marines-at-war-through-facebook/|accessdate=2020-09-29|work=Lens Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Wired,'' ''Oge'', ''N'èzí,'' <ref>{{Cite web|author=Motlagh|first=Jason|date=2017-11-01|title=It's Like the NFL. But with Horses and a Headless Calf.|url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2256191/its-nfl-horses-and-headless-calf|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=Outside Online|language=en}}</ref> ''Atlantic,'' <ref>{{Cite news|author=Stern|first=Jacob|title=Photos of California's Suffocating Smoke|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/09/photos-western-wildfires/616306/|accessdate=2020-09-30}}</ref> ''Newsweek'', <ref>{{Cite web|author=EST|first=Teddy Cutler On 2/28/16 at 2:02 AM|date=2016-02-28|title=Watch death-defying footage from the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series|url=https://www.newsweek.com/cliff-diving-world-series-430785|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=AI-AP Slideshow|url=https://www.ai-ap.com/slideshow/AP/28/balazs-gardi/|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=www.ai-ap.com}}</ref> na ''The Guardian'' . <ref>{{Cite news|first=Akintunde|author=Ahmad|accessdate=2021-02-08|title=Black or blue: the complex double-lives of Oakland's Black police officers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/22/black-or-blue-the-complex-double-lives-of-oaklands-black-police-officers|work=The Guardian|date=22 October 2020}}</ref> Usoro ya akpọrọ "Akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ," na-egosi mmepeanya mmadụ na mpaghara mmiri na-akpa ike. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Gardi|first=Balazs|title=The Waters Beneath|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/09/the-waters-beneath/|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> Usoro nke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ bụ akụkụ nke ''ihu nsogbu mmiri ihu'', ọrụ Gardi na-edepụta mmetụta mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụkọ mmiri . <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=In the Pic with Balazs Gardi & Teru Kuwayama – Two Sides of the Story|url=https://www.frontlineclub.com/in_the_pic_with_balazs_gardi_and_teru_kuwayama_-_two_sides_of_the_story/|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=Frontline Club|language=en}}</ref> Na 2010 na 2011, o dere akwụkwọ mbụ Battalion, nke asatọ Marines, n'oge niile ha na-ebuga na ndịda Afghanistan nke agha agha tisasịrị ọzara, na mmekorita ya na ''Basetrack Live .'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-03|title=Balazs Gardi in Afghanistan, video portraits of First Battalion, Eighth Marines|url=https://www.streamingmuseum.org/post/balazs-gardi-video-portraits|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=Streaming Museum|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="theguardian-kingsley">{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-02-08|title=War photography? Isn't there an app for that?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/06/afghanistan-war-iphone-images|date=6 July 2011|work=the Guardian}}</ref> Na Afghanistan, Gardi nwalekwara iji iPhone dị ka igwefoto bụ isi ya, na-ebipụta edemede foto na amụma mba ofesi akpọrọ "Agha na Hipstamatic". <ref name="theguardian-kingsley" /> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gardi|first=Balazs|title=The War in Hipstamatic|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/slideshow/the-war-in-hipstamatic/|accessdate=2021-02-08|work=Foreign Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2011, Gardi gara ime obodo KwaZulu-Natal nke South Africa iji detuo obodo ndị bi ebe ahụ akwụkwọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Balazs Gardi {{!}} Cresi|url=https://www.magnumfoundation.org/projects/2019/7/2/balazs-gardi-cresi|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=Magnum Foundation|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526121710/https://www.magnumfoundation.org/projects/2019/7/2/balazs-gardi-cresi}}</ref> Onyinye Magnum Foundation Fund kwadoro ọrụ ya n'ebe ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> Na 2021, Gardi sere foto mwepu 2021 nke United States Capitol na ọrụ maka ''New Yorker'' . Foto Gardi sochiri edemede akpọrọ "The Storm" nke Luke Mogelson na mbipụta mbipụta nke Jenụwarị 25, 2021. <ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |last=Mogelson |first=Luke |date=15 January 2021 |title=Among the Insurrectionists |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/01/25/among-the-insurrectionists |access-date=2021-02-08 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-us}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * 2005: Getty Images Onyinye maka Foto Editorial ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ya na obodo Rome <ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-09-07|title=Getty Images Announces Three New Winners of its 2005 Grants for Editorial Photography|url=https://creativepro.com/getty-images-announces-three-new-winners-of-its-2005-grants-for-editorial-photography/|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=CreativePro.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-09-01|title=Gardi, Lewis, And Weidenhoefer Each Win $20K Getty Images Editorial Photography Grants|url=https://nppa.org/news/450|accessdate=2020-09-29|work=NPPA|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721232935/https://nppa.org/news/450}}</ref> * 2006: Onyinye ọkachamara ntọala Alexia, maka usoro ya ''Afghanistan - N'etiti Agha na Udo'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexia Foundation : Balazs Gardi|url=https://www.alexiafoundation.org/stories/afghanistan-between-war-and-peace|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=www.alexiafoundation.org|archivedate=2018-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612212741/https://www.alexiafoundation.org/stories/afghanistan-between-war-and-peace}}</ref> * 2008: Onye mmeri, ihe nrite foto, Bayeux-Calvados Award for War Correspondents, maka foto sitere na mpaghara agha na [[Afghanistan]] . <ref name="worldphoto"/> * 2008: Ihe nrite nke mbụ, akụkọ izugbe, ngalaba akụkọ sitere na foto nta akụkọ ụwa <ref name="worldpressphoto"/> * 2008: Ihe nrite nke mbụ, akụkọ izugbe, ngalaba ndị na-alụbeghị di, foto mgbasa ozi ụwa <ref>{{Cite web|title=2008 Balazs Gardi GN1|url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2008/30674/1/2008-Balazs-Gardi-GN1|accessdate=2020-09-29|work=www.worldpressphoto.org}}</ref> * 2009: Onye mmeri, Global Vision Award, Pictures of the Year International, maka usoro "Akpịrị nkụ" ya <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Vision|url=https://poy.org/66/GVA/index.php|accessdate=2020-09-30|work=poy.org|archivedate=2009-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323060931/https://poy.org/66/GVA/index.php}}</ref> * 2018: Onyinye foto ụwa nke Sony maka ọrụ ya na-egosi ndị egwuregwu Afghani Buzkashi . <ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=2021-02-08|title=Sony World Photography Award 2018, Overall winners revealed|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/04/19/sony-world-photography-award-2018-overall-winners-revealed/balazs-gardi-hungary-1st-place-sporthorsemen-fight-headless/|work=The Telegraph|date=19 April 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title="Buzkashi" by Balazs Gardi|url=https://www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-galleries/2018/professional/buzkashi-balazs-gardi|accessdate=2020-09-28|work=World Photography Organisation|language=en|archivedate=2018-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422195606/https://www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-galleries/2018/professional/buzkashi-balazs-gardi}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gardi, Balazs}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t9jjvhgxkls1f2v33bwfpo7i8uysr45 0 46991 743842 578406 2026-11-07T23:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Caroline Leaf|image=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1946|08|12}}|birth_place=[[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States|death_date=|death_place=|othername=|alma mater=[[Radcliffe College]]|occupation={{Plainlist| *[[Film director]] *[[Animator]] *[[Screenwriter]] *[[Painter]] }}|years active=1969–present|website=http://www.carolineleaf.com}} Caroline Leaf (amuru Ọgọst 12, 1946) bụ onye Canada-American onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri, onye isi, onye nkuzi na onye na-ese ihe.  O ọgụla ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ndị dị mma ma bụrụ ndị amatala ọrụ ya n'ụwa niile.  A mara ya nke ọma dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-asụ ụzọ na National Film Board of Canada (NFB).  Ọ bụ ọrụ na NFB site na 1972 ruo 1991. N'ime oge ahụ, ọ akara usoro ihe nkiri aja na ọgụ na-enyo .  Ọ ịgbakwara usoro aka ọhụrụ na ihe nkiri 70mm IMAX .  Ọrụ ya na-ihe ngosi nke omenala Canada ma na-adabere na ndị.  Leaf bi ugbu a na [[London]], England, ma bụrụ onye nkuzi na Akwụkwọ Ihe nkiri na Television nke Mba .  Ọ na-edobe studio na London na-arụ ọrụ na fim na akwụkwọ ma jiri iPad na-ese ihe n'ọdịdị ala.. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/handcrafted_cinema|title=Hand-Crafted Cinema Animation Workshop with Caroline Leaf|author=Roberts|first=Eric|year=1998|publisher=National Film Board of Canada|accessdate=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925233421/https://www.nfb.ca/film/handcrafted_cinema/|archive-date=25 September 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Grandeur et Humanisme3">{{Cite journal|date=2010|title=Grandeur et Humanisme|url=http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/60975ac|journal=Ciné-Bulles|volume=XXVIII|issue=1|pages=32–33|author=Hamel|first=Jean-François}}</ref> <ref name="encyclopedia3">{{Cite journal|date=January 2000|title=Caroline Leaf|journal=The St. James Women Filmmakers Encyclopedia|volume=18|issue=4|author=McDougal|first=Dana}}</ref> == Biography na ọrụ mbụ == A akwụkwọ na Seattle, Washington wee biri na Boston .  Ọ gara nna Radcliffe, Mahadum Harvard, wee bụrụ isi na-arụ ụlọ ụlọ na nka a na-ahụ anya site na 1964-1968.  N'ime afọ ikpeazụ ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ debanyere aha na klas ihe nkiri.  Derek Lamb kuziri klaas ahụ dị ka omume okike, ọ bụghị dị ka àgwà.  Nwa gbara ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha leahụ anya na ike ahụ.  Akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na ájá osimiri gbasasịrị na igbe ọkụ.  Nke a bụ mgbe o kere ihe nkiri aja .  N'iji usoro a, o "ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Sand, ma ọ bụ Peter na Wolf wee nye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard .  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara Italy afɔ ka ọ leiche anya na ike ya.  N'ịlaghachi na Harvard, o mere ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, Orfeo ụzọ na iko ( paint-on-glass animation .) O mechara ọrụ na-menye onwe ya site na studio na Boston ma mee otú Beaver zuru ọkụ .  Leaf kwagara Montreal ka ọ onye ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri / onye ntụzi maka National Film Board of Canada na 1972. Ọ muna ọrụ na NFB na ngalaba ihe nkiri French na Bekee ruo 1991. O mere ihe nkiri 9 animated na nke  dị ndụ na ihe nkiri nkiri n'ime awụ ndị ahụ <ref name="Grandeur et Humanisme3"/> <ref name="encyclopedia3"/> <ref name="Caroline Leaf interview">{{Cite journal|date=January 1978|title=Caroline Leaf|journal=Séquences|issue=91|pages=102–117|author=Maurice|first=Elia}}</ref> <ref name="NFB">{{Cite web|url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/production-personnel/?pid=9468&nom=Caroline%20Leaf&type=credit|title=National Film Board of Canada|work=National Film Board of Canada|accessdate=2024-06-05|archivedate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223084827/http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/production-personnel/?pid=9468&nom=Caroline%20Leaf&type=credit}}</ref> <ref name="Filmmaker book3">{{Cite book|title=Women and Experimental Filmmaking|author=Petrolle|first=Jean|publisher=University of Illinois|year=2005|isbn=0252072510|location=Urbana|pages=193–201|url=https://archive.org/details/womenexperimenta0000unse/page/193}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Akwụkwọ mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Sand, ma ọ bụ Peter na Wolf, na 1969 na Mahadum Harvard.  Emere ahụ site n'ịwụsa ájá na igbe ọkụ ma na-ihe ihe oyiyi ahụ site na etiti.  Ihe nkiri ya nke abụọ na Harvard, Orfeo, na-ese na iko n'okpuru.  Na 1972 a gosi ya ka ọ onye na National Film Board of Canada's French Animation Studio.  Ihe nkiri mbụ ya maka NFB bụ ikwiikwii nke ọmụmụ ọgazị: Akụkọ Eskimo . <ref name="encyclopedia3"/> Ime ihe nkiri ahụ njem abụọ na arctic Canada, nke mbụ ijikọ aka na-ama ya na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Inuit Nanogak na emesịa dekoo ụgbọ njem maka ihe nkiri ahụ.  Ihe nkiri dị ndị a ma ama bụ Street Street, bụ nke a na-asụ ụzọ n'okpuruokpuru nke agba na glycerin.  Mordechai Richler weghaara ya site na obere oge, ma ọ bụrụ na onye a na-amụ maka onyinye Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film na 49th Academy Awards .  [1] A na- akarakwa ya na ihe ngosi ihe nkiri. <ref>[https://www.animationshowofshows.com/collections/films/products/the-street-by-caroline-leaf ''The Street'' on Animation Show of Shows]</ref> Akwukwo duruziri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke na-egosi Interview with Veronika Soul.  O mere ihe nkiri akwụkwọ na ndị ọbẹ abụ Kate na Anna McGarrigle, nke Derek Lamb akpa.  N'afọ 1990, o mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya n'ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri site n'ịbanye na emulsion nke ihe nkiri agba agba ojii 70mm Sarre ma na-akpa ya na ihe nkiri 35mm.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ afọ 2 site na iji usoro na fim ya abụọ Sisters mbụ version nke Entre Deux Soeurs.  ọhụda na ihe nkiri a gbara mgbochi.  Ụmụnne ụdị ihe nrite maka obere ihe nkiri kacha mma na Annecy International Animated Film Festival na 1991. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nfb.ca/film/two_sisters|title=Two Sisters|author=Leaf|first=Caroline|publisher=National Film Board of Canada|work=NFB.ca|accessdate=2009-07-05}}</ref> Akwụkwọ nri ọrụ dị ka animator/onye ntụzi na NFB ruo 1991. Na 1991 ọ na-animation iji guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na-ese nka mara mma na-arụ ọrụ na-ekiri.  N'afọ 2004, o nyere ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri gbasara ụgbọ okporoko Underground nke Acme Filmworks akwụkwọ na Los Angeles nke a na-akpọ Suite maka akwụkwọ onwe.  A na-akpọ ya Ịgba Ohu. == Usoro animation na mmetụta == Akwukwo choputara uzo eji eme ihe na nka nka nke animating na klaas animation na Harvard wee wulite ya na oru okachamara ya, na-asụ ụzọ: Sand animation, Paint on glass, and hand etching on film stock.  A kọwa nwere usoro ya niile ka ọ "Ntu safar mmiri mmiri".  [1] O ji usoro dị iche iche mee ka ndị kacha mma na-akọ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ya nke ọ gbakọtara ụdị ụdị ya dabere.  O kere ike ifo dị mfe na ntụziaka ifo dabere na ọrụ agụmagụ.  Ihe nkiri ya nwere ikike agwa okwu ndị nwere ike imekọ ọnụ na ala anya.  Akụkọ ya na-agbanwe sitere na akwụkwọ na- agụkwa ndị amị ya na-agba iwu.  [2] Mkpebi ọ ALA mgbe m na-eme ihe nkiri bụ maka abamuru nke ihe ahụ " <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2003|title=ENTRETIEN: Caroline leaf: Je n'aime pas les contes de fées|journal=Positif|issue=508|pages=93–95|author=Pagliano|first=Jean-Pierre}}</ref> A na-elekwa akwụkwọ anya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Canada na-enwe maka ogologo oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na National Film Board nke Canada na nnochite anya omenaala Canada na ihe nkiri ya.  Enwere ike ịhụ nke a na fim ya Street Street, The Owl who Married the Goose, na Kate na Anna McGarrigle. <ref name=":0"/> == Eserese na eserese == Ebe ọ bụ na 2000 Leaf na-edobe studio na London, England, wee mepụta ụdị eserese na mmanụ yana eserese na akwụkwọ. Ọrụ ya bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ma na-eduzi ya nke ukwuu site n'ime akara yana nchọta onwe onye iji mepụta oghere a na-akpọ onye na-ekiri ka ọ bata. Ọ zụlitekwara ụdị nleba anya n'ọdịdị ala dị ndụ nke sitere na okike ma na-arụ ọrụ njem njem na akwụkwọ na pensụl yana iPad, na-eji mmemme akpọrọ Brushes na ProCreate. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ihe ngosi == www.onlinegallery.site 'Ndị nka abụọ otu eserese' 2022 www.onlinegallery.site 'Spaces' 2021 Na-egwu egwu na nghọta, The Gallery, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square, London, 2015 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ ekpenta, Cambridge, England, 2008 Ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ahịa, Vallance Road, London, 2006 Ụlọ ihe nkiri Corridor, London, 2004 Krakow Animation Festival, Krakow, Poland, 1998 Ememme Animation International Zagreb, Zagreb, [[Kroatia|Croatia]], 1996 == Ebe obibi == Michael Nock Foundation, Hong Kong, 2014 Abbaye de Fontevraud, [[France]], 2014 Ụlọ ọrụ Banff maka nka na ihe okike, ebe obibi, n'oge okpomọkụ 1997 == Filmografii ahọpụtara == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Credit Listing |- |1969 |''Sand, or Peter and the Wolf'' |animator, director |- |1972 |''Orfeo'' |animator, director |- |1972 |''How Beaver Stole Fire'' |animator, director |- |1976 |''The Owl Who Married a Goose: An Eskimo Legend'' |animator, director |- |1976 |''The Street'' |animator, director |- |1977 |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |animator, director |- |1979 |''Interview'' |co-animator, director |- |1981 |''Kate and Anna McGarrigle'' |director |- |1981 |''The Right to Refuse'' |co-screenwriter, co-producer, director |- |1982 |''An Equal Opportunity'' |director, co-screenwriter |- |1983 |''Pies'' |animator |- |1983 |''War Series'' |animator, director |- |1985 |''The Owl and the Pussycat'' |director, producer, designer |- |1986 |''The Fox and The Tiger: A Chinese Parable'' |director, designer |- |1986 |''A Dog's Tale: A Mexican Parable'' |director |- |1988 |''Paradise Found'' |animator, director |- |1990 |''Two Sisters'' |animator, director |- |1991 |''I Met a Man'' |animator, director |- |1993 |''Bell Partout'' |animator, director |- |1994 |''Fleay's Fauna Centre'' |animator, director |- |1995 |''Brain Battle'' |animator, director |- |1995 |''Radio Rock Detente'' |animator, director |- |2004 |''Slavery'' |director |} == Ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award !Competition !Title |- |1975 |Emilie Reynaud Special Award |France International Animated Film Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1975 |Etrog for Best Animated Film |Canadian Genie Awards |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |Victorian Government Prize |Australia International Film Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |Third Prize - Silver Boomerang |Australia International Film Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |First Prize |Australia International Film Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |First Prize - Films for Children |Ottawa International Animation Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |Silver Cindy Award |USA Cindy Competition |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |Special Award for Animation |USA Cindy Competition |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |Silver Award |USA Information Film Producers Association Convention |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1976 |Grand Prix |Ottawa International Animation Festival |''The Street'' |- |1976 |Wendy Michener Award |Canadian Genie Awards |''The Street'' |- |1976 |Etrog for Best Animated Film |Canadian Genie Awards |''The Street'' |- |1977 |Blue Ribbon Award - Language Arts |American Film and Video Festival |''The Street'' |- |1977 |Special Prize |Australia International Film Festival |''The Street'' |- |1977 |First Prize - Animated Films |Ireland Cork Film Festival |''The Street'' |- |1977 |Chris Bronze Plaque |USA International Film and Video Festival |''The Street'' |- |1977 |First Prize |Film Festival of High Plains - Texas Tech. University |''The Street'' |- |1977 |Special Jury Mention |International Festival of Short and Documentary Films |''The Street'' |- |1977 |Red Ribbon Award - Language arts |American Film and Video Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1977 |First Prize |Austria International Short Film Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1977 |Special Jury Mention |Finland International Arctic Film Festival |''The Owl who Married a Goose'' |- |1977 |Critic's Award |France International Animated Film Festival |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |- |1978 |Award for Best Animation |Spain International Short Film Festival |''The Street'' |- |1978 |Merit Award |USA Annual International Film Festival |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |- |1978 |Grand Prize |Poland International Film Festival |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |- |1978 |Special Jury Award |Ottawa International Animation Festival |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |- |1978 |Certificate for Outstanding Achievement |Golden Gate Awards Competition & International Film Festival |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |- |1979 |AMER Golden Eye Award |Annual AMER Film Awards |''The Street'' |- |1979 |Jury Award for Best Short Film |Montreal World Film Festival |''The Interview'' |- |1979 |First Prize (5-15 mins) |World Festival of Animated Film |''The Interview'' |- |1980 |Certificate for an Outstanding Film |Hong Kong International Film Festival |''The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa'' |- |1981 |Grand Prix |Australia International Film Festival |''The Interview'' |- |1991 |Best Film Award |France International Animated Film Festival |''Two Sisters'' |- |1991 |Grand Prix |Los Angeles International Animation Celebration |''Two Sisters'' |- |1991 |Best Animation Award |Sweden International Short Film Festival |''Two Sisters'' |- |1992 |Honorable Mention |American Film and Video Festival |''Two Sisters'' |- |1992 |Special Jury Award |Shanghai International Animation Film Festival |''Two Sisters'' |- |1992 |Alberta-Quebec Award |Quebec-Alberta Prizes |''Two Sisters'' |- |1992 |Best Film Award |Finland International Film Festival |''Two Sisters'' |- |1992 |Silver Apple Award |National Educational Media Network Competition |''Two Sisters'' |} === Ihe nrite ndị ọzọ === * 1994: Norman McLaren Award * 1996: Award Achievement Award, World Festival of Animated Film - Animafest Zagreb * 2017: Winsor McCay Award (Achievement Life, Annie Awards) <ref>{{Cite web|title=2017: Caroline Leaf Receives the Winsor McCay Award|url=https://www.zippyframes.com/index.php/awards-prizes/2017-caroline-leaf-receives-the-winsor-mccay-award|work=Zippy Frames|accessdate=1 August 2019|archivedate=1 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801030933/https://www.zippyframes.com/index.php/awards-prizes/2017-caroline-leaf-receives-the-winsor-mccay-award}}</ref> * 2019: Dragon of Dragons Award, Krakow Film Festival <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dragon of Dragons 2019 for Caroline Leaf – pioneer of animation|url=https://www.krakowfilmfestival.pl/en/dragon-of-dragons-2019-for-caroline-leaf-pioneer-of-animation/|work=Krakow Film Festival|date=28 February 2019|accessdate=1 August 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Dragon">{{Cite web|title=Filmmaker Caroline Leaf to Receive Dragon of Dragons Award at Krakow Film Festival|url=https://www.vimooz.com/2019/03/08/filmmaker-caroline-leaf-to-receive-dragon-of-dragons-award-at-krakow-film-festival/|work=Vimooz|date=8 March 2019|accessdate=27 July 2019}}</ref> === Nhọpụta === * 1977: Award Academy for ''The Street'' <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gn5oWYew8E Short Film Winners: 1977 Oscars]</ref> <ref>[https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977 1977|Oscars.org]</ref> == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.carolineleaf.com Webụsaịtị gọọmentị] * {{IMDb name|0494937}} * [https://www.nfb.ca/explore-all-directors/caroline-leaf Lelee ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ya na NFB.ca] (n'efu) * [http://femfilm.ca/director_search.php?director=caroline-leaf&lang=e Caroline Leaf -- femfilm.ca: Ebe nchekwa data ndị isi ihe nkiri ụmụ nwanyị Canada] {{DEFAULTSORT:Leaf, Caroline}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1erbv5oj4j67l2cpj5o4olvdcyswrgx 0 47373 743883 727721 2026-11-08T11:02:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743883 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Frank Ocean''' <ref name="FaderNameChange">{{Cite web|author=Fitzmaurice|first=Larry|title=Frank Ocean Legally Changed His Name to Frank Ocean|url=http://www.thefader.com/2015/04/23/frank-ocean-legally-changed-his-name-to-frank-ocean|work=The Fader|accessdate=April 23, 2015}}</ref> (amuru '''Christopher Edwin Breaux''' ; Ọktoba 28, 1987) bụ onye America na-agụ abụ, onye na-agụ abụ na onye na-agụ egwú. Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ egwu kwadoro ọrụ mbụ ya maka ịsụ ụzọ ụdị R&amp;amp;B ọzọ . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Frank Ocean is a musical icon|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/frank-ocean-albums|work=British GQ|date=April 24, 2017|language=en-GB|accessdate=May 25, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|journal=European Journal of Cultural Studies|volume=18|issue=3|date=May 2014|author=Dhaenens|first=Frederik|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273597609|title=Resistant masculinities in alternative R&B? Understanding Frank Ocean and The Weeknd's representations of gender|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> Ocean emeriela Grammy Awards abụọ na onyinye Brit maka International Male Solo Artist n'etiti ihe nturu ugo ndị ọzọ, na edepụtala album studio ya abụọ na ''Rolling Stone'' ' 500 Kasị Mma Albums of All Time ' (2020). Ocean malitere ọrụ egwu ya dị ka onye na-ede ghost, tupu ịbanye na mkpokọta [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] Odd Future na 2010. N'afọ sochirinụ, o wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya, ''Nostalgia, Ultra'', wee nweta nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Def Jam Recordings . Ndekọ [[Album|studio]] izizi ya, eclectic ''Channel Orange'' (2012), webatara R&amp;amp;B na ụdị mkpụrụ obi . Na 2013 Grammy Awards, ''Channel Orange'' a họpụtara maka Album nke Afọ wee merie Best Urban Contemporary Album ; otu n'ime egwu ya, " Thinkin Bout You ", bụ onye a họpụtara maka ndekọ nke afọ . ''Time'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa na 2013. Mgbe afọ anọ kwụsịtụrụ, Ocean weputara ọba ọhụụ akpọrọ ''Endless'' na 2016 iji mezuo ọrụ nkwekọrịta na Def Jam. Ocean onwe wepụtara ya nke abụọ studio album, ''Blonde'', otu ụbọchị mgbe ''ọgwụgwụ'' ' s tọhapụrụ. ''Blonde'' gbasaa na usoro egwu egwu nke Ocean wee bụrụ nke mbụ na ndepụta ''Pitchfork'' ' ọba kachasị mma nke afọ 2010s. Ọ bụ ọba ọnụọgụ mbụ ya na US <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 wee nweta platinum site n'aka Associationlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndekọ nke America (RIAA). Site na 2017 gaa n'ihu, Ocean ewepụtala ndị na-alụbeghị di na nwunye, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka akwụkwọ akụkọ, malite ụdị ejiji Homer, ma malite ''Homer Radio'' . Ocean ewepụtala egwu 14 na <nowiki><i id="mwRw">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 n'ime oge ọrụ ya. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Ocean Christopher Edwin Breaux na Ọktoba 28, 1987, <ref name="MakesMoves">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/frank-ocean-cover-story-interview|title=Frank Ocean Makes Moves Like Nobody Else|author=Solway|first=Diane|date=September 30, 2019|work=[[W (magazine)|W]]|accessdate=March 16, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 19, 2020|title=Frank Ocean|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/frank-ocean/15669|accessdate=November 9, 2020|work=GRAMMY.com|language=en|archive-date=December 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203131915/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/frank-ocean/15669|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Long Beach, [[California]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/frank-ocean-interview-gq-december-2012|title=Frank Ocean: On Channel Orange, Meeting Odd Future, and His Tumblr Letter|author=Wallace|first=Amy|date=November 20, 2012|work=[[GQ]]|accessdate=November 11, 2019}}</ref> Nna ya bụ Calvin Edward Cooksey <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Uko|first=Precious|date=2022-09-12|title=All about Frank Ocean's marriage, wife, boyfriends, kids|url=https://dnbstories.com/2022/09/about-frank-ocean-marriage-wife-boyfriends-kids.html|accessdate=2023-03-09|work=DNB Stories Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> ma bụrụ onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, <ref name=":3" /> na nne ya bụ Katonya Breaux Riley <ref name=":1" /> onye mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkwekọrịta obibi. <ref name=":3" /> Ọ bụ nne ya zụrụ ya mgbe nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. <ref name=":3" /> O nwekwara nwanne nwoke nke tọrọ aha ya bụ Ryan Breaux onye nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala na 2020. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=August 2, 2020|title=Frank Ocean's Younger Brother Ryan Breaux Reportedly Killed In Crash Alongside Classmate Ezekial Bishop|url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/08/02/frank-ocean-brother-ryan-breaux-zeek-bishop-crash/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240125185723/https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/frank-ocean-brother-ryan-breaux-zeek-bishop-crash/|archivedate=January 25, 2024|accessdate=August 3, 2020|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'ógbè New Orleans . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOVrXdCWIuU|title=Frank Ocean: BBC News Interview – BBC Sound of 2012|publisher=BBC|date=January 11, 2012|accessdate=July 18, 2012}}</ref> A zụlitere ya [[Onye Kraịst]], gụnyere obere oge dịka onye Katọlik . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ocean|first=Frank|title=post|url=https://frankocean.tumblr.com/post/1172106468/i-was-raised-christian-only-had-a-few-friends|accessdate=2023-01-04|work=Frank Ocean}}</ref> Nna nna Ocean Lionel McGruder Jr. bụ nna maka Ocean mgbe nna ya hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya. Lionel bụ onye ọgwụ riri ahụ na-agbake ma mesịa jee ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na nzukọ Alcoholics Anonymous na Narcotics Anonymous . Ọ ga-ewere Ocean gaa nzukọ ndị a, nke bụ mkpali n'azụ egwu Ocean "Crack Rock" sitere na ''Channel Orange.'' <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|author=Nicholson|first=Rebecca|title=Frank Ocean: the most talked-about man in music|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jul/21/frank-ocean-guardian-exclusive-interview|accessdate=August 19, 2012|work=The Guardian|date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> Ọ nyekwara ya aha Lonny, nke Frank Ocean ka na-eji taa. <ref name="NYT2013">{{Cite web|date=February 7, 2013|title=Frank Ocean Can Fly|author=Himmelman|first=Jeff|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/magazine/frank-ocean-can-fly.html|accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 2010 na Frank Ocean raara ya egwu a kpọrọ "The Will Be Tears" na mixtape ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-28|title=Frank Before the Ocean: The Story of Lonny Breaux|url=https://centralsauce.com/lonny-breaux-frank-ocean|accessdate=2023-03-09|work=CentralSauce Collective|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309071147/https://centralsauce.com/lonny-breaux-frank-ocean}}</ref> Ọ kpọkwara ya aha na 2017 otu "Lens" ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na John Ehret High School na Marrero, Louisiana na 2005, Ocean debanyere aha na Mahadum New Orleans ka ọ mụọ Bekee. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://1079ishot.com/frank-ocean-university-louisiana-lafayette/|title=Frank Ocean Attended UL Lafayette In The Fall of 2005, But Somehow No One Really Noticed|publisher=Townsquare Media|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="NYT2013"/> Otú ọ dị, Hurricane Katrina gburu New Orleans na August 2005, na-ebibi ụlọ ya na ebe ndekọ nke onwe ya ma na-amanye ya ịkwaga na Mahadum Louisiana na Lafayette . <ref name="Youngs">{{Cite news|author=Youngs|first=Ian|title=Sound of 2012: Frank Ocean|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16390456|publisher=BBC. [[BBC Online]]|accessdate=July 6, 2012|date=May 1, 2012}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ obere oge tupu ọ hapụ ilekwasị anya n'ọrụ egwu ya. <ref name="NYT2013" /> == Ọrụ == === 2012–2013: ''Ọwa Orange'' === [[Usòrò:Tyler_the_Creator_and_Frank_Ocean_Coachella_2012.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ocean (n'aka nri) ya na Tyler, Onye Okike na Coachella n'April 2012]] Ocean wepụtara mkpuchi mkpuchi maka ihe nkiri album studio mbụ ya nke akpọrọ "Thinkin Bout You", na-ekpughere egwu a ga-ahapụ ndị na-ere ahịa dijitalụ na Eprel 10, 2012. Otú ọ dị, otu ọnwa tupu mgbe ahụ, ụdị abụ ahụ a na-emezigharị amalitelarị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cloudmusiq.com/?p=14148|title=Frank Ocean – Thinking About You|publisher=cloudmusiq.com|date=March 8, 2012|accessdate=March 8, 2012}}</ref> Banyere onye a na-achọ ịlụ, o kwuru, sị: "Ọ na-akọwa n'ụzọ dị nkenke dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka ebe m nọ ugbu a na nke ahụ bụ ebumnuche," ka o kwuru banyere nsonazụ ya nke ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' . "Ọ bụ banyere akụkọ ndị ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na m dee akụkọ 14 na-amasị m, mgbe ahụ, nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ iji nweta gburugburu ebe egwu gburugburu ya iji kpuchie akụkọ ahụ na ụdị nile nke ịdị mma sonic." <ref name="singlecover">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/04/05/single-cover-frank-ocean-thinkin-bout-you/ |title=SINGLE COVER: FRANK OCEAN – 'THINKIN BOUT YOU' |magazine=[[Rap-Up]] |date=April 5, 2012 |access-date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215041419/http://www.rap-up.com/2012/04/05/single-cover-frank-ocean-thinkin-bout-you/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>   Na 2012, Ocean wepụtara ya mpụta mbụ studio album ''Channel Orange'' ka eluigwe na ala otuto si n'aka ndị nkatọ, bụ ndị mesịrị kpọọ ya kasị mma album nke afọ na HMV's Poll of Polls . O nwetakwara nhọpụta onyinye onyinye Grammy isii nke Ocean isii ma ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ kwadoro ya maka ịkwaga ụdị R&B n'ụzọ dị iche, nke siri ike karị. A na-ewere ya dị ka ntọhapụ azụmahịa mbụ nke Ocean na akara ndekọ ọdịnala, ''Channel Orange'' gosipụtara egwu ndị na-adịghị mma bụ ndị e depụtara maka akụkọ ha na nkọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ha, na ngwakọta egwu dị egwu nke dọtara na jazz, mkpụrụ obi, na R &amp;amp; B . Funk na egwu eletrọnịkị metụtakwara ọba ya. Egwu banyere ịhụnanya a na-akwụghị ụgwọ bụ nke kacha elebara anya, akụkụ n'ihi ọkwa nke Ocean tupu ewepụtara album ahụ, mgbe o kpughere na ịhụnanya mbụ ya bụ nwoke. Nkwuputa ahụ mere akụkọ akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ jiri mmetụta omenala ya tụnyere mgbe David Bowie kpughere na ọ bụ nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ na 1972. <ref name="Johnson">{{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Andrew|date=December 17, 2012|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/frank-ocean-records-another-first-as-channel-orange-is-named-album-of-the-year-8421123.html|title=Frank Ocean records another first as Channel Orange is named album of the year|work=The Independent|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}</ref> == Mmetụta == Ndị nkatọ egwu ekwupụtala Ocean maka ịsụ ụzọ R&amp;amp;B ọzọ, na-abịaru egwu R&B dị iche na ndị ọgbọ ya na ụdị idiosyncratic. <ref name="Petridis">{{Cite news|author=Petridis|first=Alexis|authorlink=Alexis Petridis|date=July 11, 2012|title=Frank Ocean: Channel Orange – review|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jul/11/frank-ocean-channel-orange-review1?newsfeed=true|accessdate=July 11, 2012}}</ref> Ma <nowiki><i id="mwAtg">Insider</i></nowiki> na ''akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street'' lere Ocean anya dị ka onye na-ese ihe kachasị n'ime afọ iri nke 2010. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Shah|first=Neil|date=August 5, 2019|title=How Frank Ocean Quietly Ruled the Decade|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-frank-ocean-quietly-ruled-the-decade-11565011819|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean is the artist of the decade|url=https://www.insider.com/frank-ocean-artist-of-the-decade-2010s-2019-11|author=Ahlgrim|first=Callie|work=Insider|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> E tinyere ya na mbipụta 2013 ' ''Time'' nke 100 ndị mmadụ kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa na mbipụta 2017 nke <nowiki><i id="mwAuY">Forbes</i></nowiki> 30 Under 30 . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/frank-ocean/|author=Barton|first=ByMerrilee|work=Forbes|language=en|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> Andy Kellman nke AllMusic dere,<blockquote>Frank Ocean abụrụla otu n'ime ndị na-adọrọ mmasị na egwu nke oge a kemgbe ọ bịarutere mmalite 2010. Onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke mmepụta nka emegidela nhazi ọkwa siri ike dị ka R&B, ka o sina dị, o jiwo akụkọ ndị yiri ka ewepụrụ iwe ma nwee nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọ tụgharịrị n'etiti agụụ ịhụnanya na ịdị mfe ịnya isi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean {{!}} Biography & History|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/frank-ocean-mn0002592086/biography|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-05-20}}</ref></blockquote>Onye nkatọ omenala Nelson George na-ekwusi ike na, yana Miguel, Ocean nwere "agbapụtala n'ala ebe [ọ na-adịghị] na-asọmpi na omume ndị [azụmahịa R & B] na-akpata" ma "na-azụlite ụda nke na-edozi nchegbu ndị okenye na echiche nke nwata. ndị mmadụ na-agbalị ịghọta ọchịchọ nke onwe ha (nkọwa nke ọma nke Ocean, karịsịa)." <ref>{{Cite news|title=For The Ladies: R. Kelly, Teddy Pendergrass And The State Of R And B|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2012/10/17/163095398/for-the-ladies-r-kelly-teddy-pendergrass-and-the-state-of-r-b|date=October 18, 2012|work=NPR|accessdate=October 24, 2012|author=Powers|first=Ann}}</ref> N'ịde maka ''Insider'', Callie Ahlgrim kwuru na Ocean "gbanwere nghọta anyị banyere egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ", nakwa na ọ na-atụle isiokwu ndị dị ka ntorobịa, ịdị ọcha, ịhụnanya furu efu, owu ọmụma, ọchịchọ, na ịnwụ anwụ n'egwú ya n'ụzọ na-eche " Ọ dị ọhụrụ na nke pụrụ iche [na] na-eme ka ụda introspective ụda zuru ụwa ọnụ na gafere [nke mere] ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-akọwa oge anyị." <ref name=":0"/> Jacob Shamsian nke ''Business Insider'' kwuru na Ocean "abụghị naanị otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe dị mkpa na pop, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na egwu niile." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Frank Ocean, the enigmatic musician whose new album is about to be everywhere|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bio-of-musician-frank-ocean-rapper-of-boys-dont-cry-2016-8|author=Shamsian|first=Jacob|work=Business Insider|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> N'ime edemede ''GQ'' akpọrọ "Gịnị kpatara Frank Ocean ji bụrụ akara ngosi egwu", Jon Savage kọwara Ocean dị ka "onye na-ese ihe n'oge a n'echiche ọ bụla nke na-emikpu n'ime ohere ọhụrụ sonic, onye na-agbasi mbọ ike na nyocha nka kacha mma. nghọta miri emi." Savage toro Ocean maka iwere R&B na "ọkwa ọhụrụ [site na] ịrụ foto ụda na-atụ egwu dabara na egwu egwu ya." <ref name="Why Frank Ocean is a musical icon">{{Cite web|title=Why Frank Ocean is a musical icon|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/frank-ocean-albums|work=British GQ|date=April 24, 2017|language=en-GB|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwAwA">Pitchfork</i></nowiki> lere Oke Osimiri anya dị ka "onye nwe akwụkwọ nkwupụta nkwupụta, na-enweta akara ngosi nzuzo site na onye enigmatic ya na ụzọ aghụghọ nke pop." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean – Albums, Songs, and News|url=https://pitchfork.com/artists/29508-frank-ocean/|work=Pitchfork|language=en|accessdate=May 20, 2020}}</ref> Na 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' họọrọ Ocean na ọnụọgụ 190 na ndepụta ya nke 200 Kasịnụ Ndị Na-abụ abụ nke oge niile. == Foto == Na August 20, 2016, Ocean wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ 360-page, ''Boys Don't Cry'', n'akụkụ ya nke abụọ album ''Blonde'' . The ejiji na ụgbọala-themed mbipụta nwere foto ọrụ si Wolfgang Tillmans, Viviane Sassen, Tyrone Lebon, Ren Hang, Harley Weir, Michael Mayren na Ocean n'onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/08/23/frank-ocean-boys-dont-cry-magazine-complete-guide|title=The Complete Guide To What's Inside Frank Ocean's Magazine|work=The FADER|date=July 24, 2016}}</ref> Ọnwa anọ ka e mesịrị, magazin Britain bụ́ ''Print'' bipụtara ọrụ ọzọ foto sitere na Frank Ocean. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hypebeast.com/2017/1/print-issue-one|title=Frank Ocean's Photos of the Met Gala|date=January 3, 2017|work=Hypebeast}}</ref> Na Mee 1, 2017, Ocean gara Met Gala kwa afọ dị ka onye na-ese foto pụrụ iche maka <nowiki><i id="mwAxg">Vogue</i></nowiki> . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/frank-ocean-met-gala-2017-photos-kendall-jenner-asap-rocky|title=Frank Ocean's Photos of the Met Gala|date=May 2, 2017|work=Vogue}}</ref> Na October 23, 2017, o mere mkpuchi abụọ na edemede anya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ejiji Britain, ''iD'' . <ref name="idm">{{Cite news|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/mb3jqv/exclusive-it-came-to-me-in-a-dream-frank-ocean-creates-a-visual-essay-and-pens-personal-letter|title=frank ocean creates a visual essay and pens personal letter|date=October 23, 2017|work=i-D|archive-date=April 14, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414140426/https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/mb3jqv/exclusive-it-came-to-me-in-a-dream-frank-ocean-creates-a-visual-essay-and-pens-personal-letter|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == === Ezinụlọ === Nwanne nwoke Ocean, Ryan Breaux, nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'August 2, 2020, mgbe ọ dị afọ 18. <ref name=":2"/> === Usoro mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị === Ocean dere akwụkwọ ozi na-emeghe, nke mbụ zubere maka ndetu liner na ''Channel Orange'', nke na-ebu ụzọ kwuo okwu banyere mmasị ya n'oge gara aga na nwoke ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Frank Ocean Interview: Happy To Wake Up Without 'This Freakin' Boulder On My Chest'|url=http://instinctmagazine.com/blogs/blog/frank-ocean-interview-happy-to-wake-up-without-this-freakin-boulder-on-my-chest?directory=100011|accessdate=August 19, 2012|work=Instinct Magazine|date=July 21, 2012}}</ref> Kama, na Julaị 4, 2012, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na blọọgụ Tumblr <ref name="tumblr" /> <ref name=":4"/> na-akọpụta mmetụta na-enweghị isi o nwere maka nwa okorobịa ọzọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, na-ezo aka na ya dị ka ezi ịhụnanya mbụ ya. <ref name="tumblr">{{Cite web|url=http://frankocean.tumblr.com/post/26473798723|title=thank you's|author=Frank Ocean|publisher=Tumblr|date=July 4, 2012}}</ref> O ji blọọgụ ahụ kelee nwoke ahụ maka mmetụta ya, ma keleekwa nne ya na ndị enyi ya, sị, "Amaghị m ihe na-eme ugbu a, nke ahụ dịkwa mma. Enweghị m ihe nzuzo ọ bụla m chọrọ ka edobe ya ọzọ.. Ọ dị m ka onye nweere onwe ya." <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/482116/frank-ocean-opens-up-about-sexuality "Frank Ocean Opens Up About Sexuality"] ''Billboard Magazine''. </ref> Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ememme kwupụtara n'ihu ọha nkwado ha maka Ocean na-esote ọkwa ya, gụnyere [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] na Jay-Z . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Sepinwall|first=Alan|url=http://www.hitfix.com/immaculate-noise/beyonce-jay-z-support-frank-ocean-in-open-letters-singer-drops-sweet-life|title=Beyonce, Jay-Z support Frank Ocean in open letters; singer drops Sweet Life|publisher=Hitfix.com|date=July 9, 2012|accessdate=July 14, 2014|archivedate=October 21, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021101258/http://www.hitfix.com/immaculate-noise/beyonce-jay-z-support-frank-ocean-in-open-letters-singer-drops-sweet-life}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Beyonce Applauds Frank Ocean for Coming Out|author=Carter Maness|url=http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/09/frank-ocean-sexaulity-speaking-out-beyonce-applauds/|publisher=MTV|date=July 9, 2012|accessdate=July 10, 2012|archivedate=July 12, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712003239/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/09/frank-ocean-sexaulity-speaking-out-beyonce-applauds}}</ref> Ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ hip hop na-anabata nke ọma na ọkwa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/07/frank-ocean-sexuality-effect-hip-hop-community/ |title=Frank Ocean's Sexual Declaration: Will It Spark Change In Hip-Hop Community? |accessdate=2024-06-08 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712070426/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/07/07/frank-ocean-sexuality-effect-hip-hop-community/ }}</ref> Tyler, Onye Okike na ndị otu OFWGKTA ndị ọzọ tweeted nkwado ha maka Ocean. <ref name="NYDaily">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/b-singer-frank-ocean-odd-future-summer-romance-man-changed-life-article-1.1107779|title=R&B Singer Frank Ocean Comes Out|author=Chen|first=Joyce|work=NY Daily News|accessdate=July 13, 2012}}</ref> Russell Simmons dere akụkọ ekele na ''Global Grind'' nke o kwuru, "Taa bụ nnukwu ụbọchị maka hip-hop. Ọ bụ ụbọchị ga-akọwapụta onye anyị bụ n'ezie. Olee otú anyị ga-esi nwee ọmịiko? Olee otú ịhụnanya nwere ike isi na-enwe? anyị gụnyere anyị? <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalgrind.com/entertainment/russell-simmons-letter-to-frank-ocean-gay-bi-sexual-comes-out-photos|title=The Courage of Frank Ocean Just Changed The Game!|author=Russell Simmons|date=July 4, 2012|work=Global Grind|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701134935/http://globalgrind.com/entertainment/russell-simmons-letter-to-frank-ocean-gay-bi-sexual-comes-out-photos|archivedate=July 1, 2013}}</ref> Mgbe a jụrụ ya ma ọ na-ewere onwe ya dị ka nwoke na nwanyị na N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2012, Ocean kwuru, sị: "M ga-eji nkwanye ùgwù kwuo na ndụ dị ike ma na-abịa na ahụmahụ ndị siri ike, na otu mmetụta ahụ m nwere n'ebe ụdị egwu dị, enwere m n'ebe ọ nọ. ọtụtụ akara na igbe na shit." <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean Speaks on His Coming Out Letter|url=https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/2012/11/frank-ocean-speaks-on-his-coming-out-letter|accessdate=November 9, 2020|work=Complex|language=en|archivedate=April 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413212640/https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/2012/11/frank-ocean-speaks-on-his-coming-out-letter}}</ref> Na June 2016, na-esochi ogbunigwe ụlọ oriri na nkwari abalị Orlando nke gburu mmadụ 49, Ocean bipụtara edemede na-ekwupụta mwute na obi nkoropụ ya. O kwuru na ahụmahụ mbụ ya na mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na transphobia nọ na nna ya mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ma kọwaa mmadụ ole na-ebufe ụkpụrụ ịkpọasị ha n'ọgbọ na-esote ma ziga ọtụtụ puku mmadụ n'ụzọ igbu onwe ya. <ref name="Orlando">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/frank-ocean-on-orlando-shooting-many-hate-us-and-wish-we-didn-t-exist-20160621|title=Frank Ocean on Orlando Shooting: Many Hate Us and Wish We Didn't Exist|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=June 21, 2016|access-date=February 15, 2017}}</ref> Na 2017, nna Ocean mechara gbaa ya akwụkwọ maka nkwutọ ma rịọ $14.5.&nbsp;nde. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/frank-oceans-sued-by-his-own-father_us_5894b082e4b0c1284f259c13|title=Frank Ocean Sued By Father Over Tumblr Response To Orlando Shooting|work=The Huffington Post|date=February 3, 2017|accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> N'October 17, 2017, mgbe a nụchara nke hụrụ Ocean na nne na nna ya abụọ ka ha guzoro, ọkàikpe na-ahụ maka ikpe nyere iwu maka Ocean, na-ekwu na nna ya enyebeghị ihe akaebe zuru oke nke nkwutọ. === Aha na-agbanwe === N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2011, Ocean kwuru na ọ nwara ịgbanwe aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Christopher Francis Ocean site na webụsaịtị iwu na ụbọchị ọmụmụ 23rd ya. A kọrọ na mgbanwe a sitere na ihe nkiri 1960 ''nke Ocean's 11'' sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ. <ref name="Shepherd">{{Cite web|author=Shepherd|first=Julianne Escobedo|date=April 17, 2012|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/04/frank-ocean-has-cold/|title=Frank Ocean Has a Cold|work=Spin|accessdate=July 14, 2012}}</ref> Na Maachị 2014, a kọrọ na ọ na-agbanwe aha ya n'ụzọ iwu na Frank Ocean. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2014/03/07/frank-ocean-name-change|title=Frank Ocean: I'm changing my name... To Frank Ocean|date=March 7, 2014|work=[[TMZ]]|accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2014, e kpughere na akwadobeghị aha mgbanwe aha n'ihi ọtụtụ mmejọ ọsọ ọsọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2014/11/10/frank-ocean-name-change-denied-traffic-tickets|title=Frank Ocean screwed out of name change after extreme speeding|date=November 10, 2014|work=TMZ|accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> Emechara nye ya iwu na Eprel 23, 2015. <ref name="FaderNameChange"/> === Echiche Ndị Ndọrọndọrọ Ọchịchị === Na 2019, Ocean gbara ndị na-akwado Britain ume ka ha votu maka Labour Party na ntuli aka izugbe UK 2019, site na akụkọ Instagram. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dazed|date=2019-12-12|title=A list of the celebrities backing Labour in today’s general election|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/47176/1/celebrities-backing-labour-jeremy-corbyn-uk-general-election-stormzy-frank-ocean|accessdate=2024-05-22|work=Dazed|language=en}}</ref> Oke osimiri ekwupụtala ịdị n'otu na ndị bi na Gaza n'oge agha [[Israel]] na Hamas na-aga n'ihu. Ọ bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe nke Ọktọba 2023 nke ndị na-ese ihe na-agba Onye isi ala Joe Biden ume ka ọ kpọọ oku kwụsịtụ ozugbo na Gaza. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Celebrities call for ceasefire, decry civilian deaths: Hollywood reacts to Israel-Hamas war|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2023/10/16/israeli-palestinian-conflict-celebrity-reactions/71206600007/|work=USA Today|date=October 16, 2023}}</ref> == Esemokwu gbasara iwu == Ocean sampled The Eagles ' 1977 " Hotel California " na egwu ya "American Wedding", nke e gosiri na mpụta mbụ mixtape ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' . Ocean emeghị ihe nzuzo nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ "hụrụ Don Henley n'anya ... ndị Eagles ... na Joe Walsh si egwu egwu egwu". <ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-28|title=Don Henley Finally Threatens to Sue Frank Ocean for 'American Wedding'|url=https://www.spin.com/2012/02/don-henley-finally-threatens-sue-frank-ocean-american-wedding/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na mkpughe nke egwu ahụ butere esemokwu, n'ikpeazụ ọ dịghị mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ahịa, ọ dịghịkwa ihe iwu kwadoro. Achọpụtara na Ocean enweghị ego na egwu ahụ, onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya kwuru na ọ "na-asọpụrụ" The Eagles' Don Henley na ntọhapụ. "Enweghị m otu dime na egwu ahụ. M wepụtara ya n'efu. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla, m na-asọpụrụ ". <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-04|title=The Eagles' Don Henley makes fresh attack on Frank Ocean for 'song theft'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/the-eagles-12-1233413|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 27, 2013, n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke ụlọ ihe nkiri Los Angeles, esemokwu mere n'etiti Frank Ocean na Chris Brown . Otu akụkọ merenụ kwuru na Brown tụbara ọkpọ na Ocean, mgbe Ocean boro Brown ebubo na o werela ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala a họpụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-05|title=More Details of Frank Ocean/Chris Brown Fight Emerge|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/49437-more-details-of-frank-oceanchris-brown-fight-emerge/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=Pitchfork|language=en-US}}</ref> Nwanne nwanne Ocean kwuru na otu onye so na Brown wakporo ya mgbe ihe a mere. E boro ebubo ebubo, na Ocean na-ekwu site na Tumblr na ọ na-ahọrọ "Sanity. Ọ dịghị mpụ ebubo. Ọ dịghị obodo ikpe ". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Kaufman|first=Gil|title=Chris Brown And Frank Ocean Fight: Case Closed|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1701395/chris-brown-frank-ocean-fight-no-charges/|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=MTV News|language=en|archivedate=2022-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325220702/http://www.mtv.com/news/1701395/chris-brown-frank-ocean-fight-no-charges/}}</ref> Na Maachị 2014, edobere Ocean ka ọ rụọ mkpuchi nke egwu egwu " Pure Imagination " na azụmahịa Chipotle [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] Grill nke bụ maka ịkwalite ọrụ ugbo. N'ịgbaso nyocha nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ, ndị ọrụ iwu nke Ocean zigara Chipotle akwụkwọ ozi, na-akọwa na ọ chere na ọ dị ya mkpa ịpụ na nhazi ahụ, na-ekwupụta na "Mgbe a gwara Frank ka o sonye na ọrụ a, ndị nnọchiteanya Chipotle gwara ya na mkpali nke mkpọsa ahụ. bụ ịkwalite ọrụ ugbo ọnweghị akara ma ọ bụ akara nke Chipotle na ngosipụta mbụ, Chipotle wee gwa Frank na ọ bụ ebumnobi nke mkpọsa ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frank Ocean is being sued by Chipotle|url=https://blonded.blog/news/frank-ocean-sued-by-chipotle|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=blonded.blog|date=March 7, 2014|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250303162713/https://blonded.blog/news/frank-ocean-sued-by-chipotle}}</ref> Ocean sọpụrụ nhazi ahụ nke ọma site n'ịkwụghachi Chipotle site na nlele ego ego na nchikota $212,500.00. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Weber|first=Lindsey|date=2014-03-10|title=Frank Ocean Told Chipotle to 'Fuck Off'|url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/03/frank-ocean-told-chipotle-to-fuck-off.html|accessdate=2022-03-25|work=Vulture|language=en-us}}</ref> Azụmahịa ahụ, akpọrọ "The Scarecrow", ka ewepụtara ya na Fiona Apple na-eme egwu ahụ. == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==   == Ihe ngosi == '''Albums Studio''' * ''Orange Channel'' (2012) * ''Blonde'' (2016) '''Ngwakọta''' * ''Nostalgia, Ultra'' (2011) '''Ndekọ anya''' * ''Enweghị ngwụcha'' (2016) == Ihe ndetu == == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ocean, Frank}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Articles with hCards]] [[Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Òtù:Articles with short description]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oi4ypswd2s7wz9rj98ejj02nuhpylwj 0 47532 743830 729948 2026-11-07T19:48:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Benjamin Leroy Wigfall''' (1930 – 2017) bụ onye America na-ese ihe osise, onye na-ebi akwụkwọ, onye nkuzi, onye nwe gallery, na onye na-anakọta nka Africa. Ọ bụ onye guzobere oghere nka obodo akpọrọ Communications Village dị ka ebe ndị bi na mpaghara ojii dị na [[Kingston]], New York . Mgbe ọ dị afọ 20, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe nke kasị nta nwere ihe osise nke Virginia Museum of Fine Arts zụtara. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Benjamin Leroy Wigfall mụrụ na November 17, 1930, nye James Andrews Wigfall na Willie Cozenia Johnson Wigfall. Ọ tolitere na mpaghara Black na-arụ ọrụ nke Church Hill na Richmond, VA . Nne ya rụrụ ọrụ n’ebe a na-emepụta sịga, na-ehicha ụlọ, bụrụkwa onye na-achọ mma. Nna ya bụ onye mgbanyụ ọkụ maka Chesapeake na [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] Railway . Benjamin bụ ọdụdụ nwa n'ime ụmụaka atọ. <ref name=":282" /> <ref name=":06" /> Wigfall malitere ịse ihe mgbe ọ bụ nwata akwụkwọ na George Mason Elementary School, buru ụzọ kee eserese eserese ma mechaa bụrụ onye na-ekiri agbata obi ya, gụnyere ụlọ dị na 30th Street nke o sere na [[Pen|pen na ink]] . Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, nna ya hụrụ ihe osise gba ọtọ o mere. Wigfall nwere nchegbu na nna ya ga-ewe iwe, ma ọ nwere obi ụtọ ịhụ talent na nwa ya nwoke. <ref name=":06"/> <ref name=":12" /> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Armstrong ọtụtụ afọ, Wigfall mere ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ kwenye ka ọ were onye nkuzi nka ọrụ, onye na-abịaghị ruo oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ agadi ya. Onye nkuzi Stafford W. Evans kpọọrọ ya gaa na Virginia Museum, wee denye aha ya maka klaasị. Mmasị Wigfall bụ ihe onyonyo ruo mgbe ọ hụrụ eserese nkịtị nke Lyonel Feininger "Moonwake." Ka ọ nọ na bọs otu ụbọchị, ọ hụrụ na windo ụfọdụ enyo dị n'otu ụlọ. Ọ ghọtara ihe osise Feininger wee chọpụta abstraction. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ, ọ kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ ihe atụ kpamkpam. <ref name=":06"/> <ref name=":75" /><ref name=":210" /> Osote onye nlekọta ihe osise steeti bụ onye ọ zutere na ebe ngosi nka gbara ya ume itinye akwụkwọ maka mkpakọrịta ihe ngosi nka. O tinyere akwụkwọ anamachọihe ya na eserese ụlọ ahụ dị na Church Hill, nke akpọrọ “Ụlọ ahụ dị na 30th Street.” Na 1949, ọ nwetara nke mbụ n'ime mkpakọrịta atọ. Mgbe ọ bịarutere iburu mkpakọrịta ahụ, ndị ọrụ ihe ngosi nka chere na ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị ọrụ ọrụ wee ziga ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ọzọ. <ref name=":06">{{Cite news|author=Hawkins Adams|first=Stacy|date=2005-02-14|title=Benjamin Leroy Wigfall|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://richmond.com/benjamin-leroy-wigfall/article_5a79043e-6afa-11e2-bcfb-001a4bcf6878.html|accessdate=2023-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701163522/https://richmond.com/benjamin-leroy-wigfall/article_5a79043e-6afa-11e2-bcfb-001a4bcf6878.html|archive-date=2023-07-01|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHawkins_Adams2005">Hawkins Adams, Stacy (2005-02-14). [https://richmond.com/benjamin-leroy-wigfall/article_5a79043e-6afa-11e2-bcfb-001a4bcf6878.html "Benjamin Leroy Wigfall"]. ''Richmond Times-Dispatch''. via newspapers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Benjamin Wigfall|url=https://vmfa.museum/collections/stories/benjamin-wigfall/|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=Virginia Museum of Fine Arts}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://vmfa.museum/collections/stories/benjamin-wigfall/ "Benjamin Wigfall"]. ''Virginia Museum of Fine Arts''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":210"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The House on 30th Street (Primary Title)|url=https://vmfa.museum/piction/6027262-346940522/|accessdate=2023-06-29|work=Virginia Museum of the Fine Arts}}</ref> <ref name=":32" /> <ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=1951-06-10|title=Five Artists Given Awards By Museum|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/828506989|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> Wigfall nwetara mkpakọrịta na 1949–50, 1951–52 na 1952–53, nke atọ meriri site na ụlọ ngosi nka site n'aka onye nyere onyinye amaghị aha. Ọ debanyere aha na Hampton Institute (nke bụ mahadum ugbu a) ma bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Art Club afọ abụọ. Otu ngalaba nke ndị nka na-ese ihe gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị nkuzi ya gụnyere onye na-ese ihe nkiri Albert Kresch na Leo Katz, onye isi oche nke ngalaba nka bụ onye a ma ama na onye isi oche nke Virginia Art Alliance; seramiiki Joseph W. Gilliard na onye na-ese ihe Louis Rosenfeld. <ref name=":83" /> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1952-05-30|title=Commencement Begins At HI|work=Portsmouth Star, Portsmouth, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/907077704/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":62" /> <ref name=":142">{{Cite news|date=1952-04-13|title=HI Exhibit Of Art Opens|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/231010637|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> <ref name=":102" /> <ref name=":12"/> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Fanning Taylor|first=Bertha|date=1952-04-13|title=Hampton Institute Students and Staff Show Vivid and Provocative Art Here|work=The Virginian-Pilot|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/845966797/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ agụmakwụkwọ nka wee gụchaa na 1953. <ref name=":32"/> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Virginia Museum Fellowship: Wigfall, Benjamin|url=https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01059.xml|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=The Library of Virginia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01059.xml "Virginia Museum Fellowship: Wigfall, Benjamin"]. ''The Library of Virginia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":210"/> Ọ zutere nwunye ya Mary Carter, nwa akwụkwọ nkà na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, mgbe ya na enyi ya L. Douglas Wilder (onye mesịrị ghọọ gọvanọ Virginia) kwụsịrị otu oriri. Ya na Carter lụrụ na 1955 wee mụọ ụmụ abụọ. <ref name=":32" /> <ref name=":210" /> <ref name=":282">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=Benjamin L. Wigfall|url=https://www.copelandhammerl.com/obituaries/Benjamin-L-Wigfall?obId=4064081|accessdate=2023-05-19|work=Copeland-Hammerl Funeral Home}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.copelandhammerl.com/obituaries/Benjamin-L-Wigfall?obId=4064081 "Benjamin L. Wigfall"]. ''Copeland-Hammerl Funeral Home''. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wigfall nwetara mkpakọrịta Rockefeller Foundation iji gaa Mahadum Iowa ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Na 1954, e nyere ya mkpakọrịta na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] - wee chọta onye ndụmọdụ na onye na-ese ihe / onye nkuzi Gabor Peterchi - na Yale-Norfolk Summer School na Norfolk, CT . Ya na mkpakọrịta ọzọ dị n'aka na 1958, ọ laghachiri na Yale wee nweta nzere Master of Fine Arts na 1959. <ref name=":114" /> <ref name=":06"/> <ref name=":52">{{Cite news|author=Fanning Taylor|first=Bertha|date=1953-07-26|title=Mural of 'Christ and Judas': Benjamin Wigfall's Art Shows Tragic Intensity|work=The Virginian-Pilot|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/846038263/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFanning_Taylor1953">Fanning Taylor, Bertha (1953-07-26). [https://www.newspapers.com/image/846038263/ "Mural of 'Christ and Judas': Benjamin Wigfall's Art Shows Tragic Intensity"]. ''The Virginian-Pilot''. via newspapers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":132">{{Cite news|date=1953-06-10|title=Benjamin Wigfall To Give Exhibit At Arts Museum|work=The Virginian-Pilot|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/846015811|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":162">{{Cite news|date=1955-04-15|title=Hampton Graduate Wins Top Recognition As Artist|work=Alabama Tribune|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/553715133|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":172">{{Cite news|date=1955-04-23|title=Education Notes: Hampton Institute|work=New York Age|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/41037462/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":62">{{Cite news|date=1953-06-02|title=Exhibit Features 30 Art Designs|work=Tuskegee (Al) Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/551930953/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/551930953/ "Exhibit Features 30 Art Designs"]. ''Tuskegee (Al) Herald''. via newspapers.com. 1953-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1953-11-28|title=S.U.I. Receives $20,000 in Gifts, Grants|work=Iowa City Press-Citizen|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/363284271/|accessdate=2017-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":212">{{Cite news|date=1958-08-02|title=Hampton Prof. Gets Yale Fellowship|work=Jackson (MI) Advocate|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/835021128/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> == Ọrụ nka == Wigfall bụ onye na-ese ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke forte na-ebi akwụkwọ . Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na mpaghara nke ọmarịcha ụbọchị ya bụ na 1950s, mgbe ọ meriri ihe nrite, mkpakọrịta, mkpuchi akụkọ na nkwanye ugwu. <ref name=":75">{{Cite web|author=Fendrich|first=Laurie|date=2022-10-20|title=When an artist becomes a community: The life and work of Benjamin Wigfall|url=https://twocoatsofpaint.com/2022/10/when-an-artist-becomes-a-community-the-life-and-work-of-benjamin-wigfall.html|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=Two Coats of Paint}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFendrich2022">Fendrich, Laurie (2022-10-20). [https://twocoatsofpaint.com/2022/10/when-an-artist-becomes-a-community-the-life-and-work-of-benjamin-wigfall.html "When an artist becomes a community: The life and work of Benjamin Wigfall"]. ''Two Coats of Paint''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'ịbụ onye a na-ewere dị ka "onye na-eto eto nwere nkà," o nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na Virginia Museum. Mgbe ọ bụ sophomore na Hampton na 1951, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka zụtara ihe osise mmanụ ya bụ "Chimneys" n'oge ihe ngosi ya nke afọ abụọ "Virginia Artists 1951." Mgbe ọ dị afọ 20, Wigfall bụ ọdụdụ n'ime ndị nka ise a họpụtara ọrụ ha. Ihe osise a, nke e zụtara na $90, bụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi njem njem mba nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. <ref name=":52"/> <ref name="Proctor">{{Cite news|author=Proctor|first=Roy|date=2003-07-20|title='Generations' of art': Virginia Museum gathers its works by African-American artists for exhibit|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/837135916|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name="Richmond Times-Dispatch" /> <ref name=":312" /> <ref name=":83">{{Cite news|date=1951-05-27|title=Student Art To Be Shown At Institute|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/231057010|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/231057010 "Student Art To Be Shown At Institute"]. ''Daily Press, Newport News, VA''. via newspapers.com. 1951-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1951-12-23|title=Museum Adds Valued Items During 1951|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/828478619/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1951-04-19|title=3 Norforkians Have Works in Richmond Show, Newport News, Hampton, Phoebus Represented in Art Exhibition|work=Virginian-Pilot|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/845559522|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> Ihe osise a sitere na anwụrụ anwụrụ ọkụ n'elu ụlọ mmepụta ihe nke Wigfall hụrụ na mgbede ka ọ na-agafekarị Marshall Street viaduct gafee Shockoe Valley . Ọtụtụ mgbe, ngwugwu ndị ahụ na-afụ anwụrụ ọkụ mana n'oge ahụ, ha na-adị jụụ ma nọrọ jụụ, ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na 2003. Ọ kọwara otu oge, sị: “Ihe na-adịchaghị adị ma n'otu oge ahụ dị nnọọ adị, na-ekwukwa na e nwere “ihe a ma ama n'ihe a na-ahụkarị.” <ref name=":32"/> <ref name=":75"/> <ref name=":210"/> <ref name=":93" /> <ref name=":223" />{ Ịbụ onye na-eto eto nwere nkà emeghị ka Wigfall ghara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'oge ahụ. Na 1957 ka ọ na-ezi ihe na Hampton, ya na nwa akwụkwọ Paul Dusenburg gara ịzụ ahịa n'ụlọ ahịa ngalaba abụọ na Richmond, dịka otu akụkọ dị na akwụkwọ akụkọ kọleji Hampton Spirit. Mgbe ha hapụrụ ụlọ ahịa nke abụọ, Miller &amp;amp; Rhoads, Wigfall bụ ndị uwe ojii na-akwado Wigfall, jide n'aka na olu akwa, na ebubo na ọ na-agbalị izu ohi akpa na obere akpa ụbọchị gara aga. Ọ gọrọ agọ ebubo ahụ. E jidere ya n'ebubo na-enweghị isi ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ịkwado ịga ikpe, Wigfall debanyere onye ọka iwu ikike obodo Oliver W. Hill . N'oge ikpe, ebubo ahụ bụ ịpụnara ụlọ ahịa ọ bụghị ịgba chaa chaa, a kwụsịrị ya. Mgbe ihe a mere, "Chimneys" bụ ihe ngosi na windo ụlọ ahịa Miller & Rhoads. <ref name=":210"/> <ref name=":32">{{Cite news|author=Calos|first=Katherine|date=2017-02-11|title=Artist Benjamin L. Wigfall dies at 86|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/837370952/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCalos2017">Calos, Katherine (2017-02-11). [https://www.newspapers.com/image/837370952/ "Artist Benjamin L. Wigfall dies at 86"]. ''Richmond Times-Dispatch''. via newspapers.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":93">{{Cite news|author=Rodriguez|first=Holly|date=2017-04-21|title=Lecture on native artist Benjamin Wigfall set for April 28|work=Richmond Free Press|url=https://richmondfreepress.com/news/2017/apr/21/lecture-native-artist-benjamin-wigfall-set-april-2/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRodriguez2017">Rodriguez, Holly (2017-04-21). [https://richmondfreepress.com/news/2017/apr/21/lecture-native-artist-benjamin-wigfall-set-april-2/ "Lecture on native artist Benjamin Wigfall set for April 28"]. ''Richmond Free Press''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, Virginia Museum zụtara ihe osise tempera ya "Corrosion and Blue" n'oge "American Painting 1958," ihe ngosi anọ ya nke talent kachasị mma na nkà America nke oge a. Wigfall gwakọtara apịtị na agba iji nye ya enweghị agba, ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na 2003. Wigfall "na-enweta mmetụta dị ịtụnanya n'ụdị dị iche ... nke streaks nke oroma na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị ka icheku ọkụ dị n'ime ebe mkpuchi nke ntụ aja aja," onye nyocha kwuru. <ref name=":210">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=The Life & Work of Benjamin Wigfall|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfDXHUd5JCc&t=2323s|accessdate=2023-06-29|work=YouTube}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfDXHUd5JCc&t=2323s "The Life & Work of Benjamin Wigfall"]. ''YouTube''. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Longaker|first=Jon D.|date=1958-03-30|title=Six Virginians' Works In National Exhibition|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/828685340/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":102">{{Cite news|date=1955-11-06|title=HI Faculty Man Honored For Art Work|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/231127752/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/231127752/ "HI Faculty Man Honored For Art Work"]. ''Daily Press, Newport News, VA''. via newspapers.com. 1955-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1958-04-19|title=Work of 2 Va. Artists Purchased by Museum|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/761871481/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=":93"/> <ref name=":114">{{Cite news|date=1953-07-23|title=Instructor Gets Art Fellowship|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/231369465/|accessdate=2017-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/231369465/ "Instructor Gets Art Fellowship"]. ''Daily Press, Newport News, VA''. via newspapers.com. 1953-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1951, Langley Air Force Base dị na Hampton họọrọ eserese Wigfall "Kites" ka ọ kwụgidere n'ime ụlọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ya. Ọ bụ eserese mbụ Langley họpụtara na mmemme iji nye ohere maka ọrụ ndị nka na ndị ode akwụkwọ mpaghara. Ọrụ ahụ sitere na mbinye ego sitere na Hampton. <ref>{{Cite news|date=1951-11-11|title=Painting chosen for Langley Library (photo caption)|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/231041874/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Wigfall nwụrụ na Feb. <ref name=":93"/> <ref name=":223">{{Cite web|author=Baxter|first=Paige|date=2017-06-14|title=Remembering a Richmond-Born Artist|url=https://www.boomermagazine.com/benjamin-wigfall/|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=Boomer Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBaxter2017">Baxter, Paige (2017-06-14). [https://www.boomermagazine.com/benjamin-wigfall/ "Remembering a Richmond-Born Artist"]. ''Boomer Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":06"/> == Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara == * Virginia Highlands Festival of Arts, Crafts and Antiques, Abingdon (Virginia Museum traveling show), 1951 <ref name="Richmond Times-Dispatch">{{Cite news|date=1951-08-19|title=Artists of State to Display Original Art at Abingdon|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/828510918/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/828510918/ "Artists of State to Display Original Art at Abingdon"]. ''Richmond Times-Dispatch''. via newspapers.com. 1951-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Hollins (VA) College (ọrụ na mbinye ego sitere na Virginia Museum), 1952 <ref>{{Cite news|date=1952-10-26|title=State Artists to Show Works|work=Roanoke Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/914392401/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Bridgewater (VA) College (ọrụ na mbinye ego sitere na Virginia Museum), 1952 <ref name=":312">{{Cite news|date=1952-04-16|title=Exhibit to open at Bridgewater|work=Staunton (VA) News-Leader|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/315208149/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/315208149/ "Exhibit to open at Bridgewater"]. ''Staunton (VA) News-Leader''. via newspapers.com. 1952-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Mahadum steeti nke Iowa, 1954 <ref name=":182">{{Cite web|author=Cederholm|first=Theresa|date=1973|title=Afro-American Artists: A Bio-bibliographic Directory|url=https://archive.org/stream/afroamericanarti00cede_0/afroamericanarti00cede_0_djvu.txt|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=archive.org}}</ref> * Clark Gallery, Richmond, VA, 1955, 1956 <ref>{{Cite news|date=1956-01-22|title=Original and Experimental Work Displayed In Third Exhibition at Clark Gallery|work=Virginian-Pilot|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/845960742/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=1955-11-20|title=Etchings by Wigfall: Clark Gallery Stages Exhibit Of Modern-Day Art Trends|work=Virginian-Pilot|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/845822079/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Sweetbriar, Sweetbriar, VA (ihe ngosi otu nwoke), 1957 * Ihe ngosi Ọrụ Ndozigharị Mba, Washington, 1950s <ref name=":114"/> <ref name=":182" /> * Ngalaba eserese nke Mahadum Yale (ihe ngosi otu nwoke), (ihe dị ka 1954) <ref name=":182" /> * Addison Gallery, Andover, MA <ref name=":182" /> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, Williamsburg, VA, 1963 <ref name=":20">{{Cite news|date=1963-03-03|title=Ukrainian, 2 Virginia Artists To Exhibit In Williamsburg|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/232099183/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Hampton Institute (University), 1993 (ihe ngosi otu nwoke) <ref>{{Cite news|date=1993-09-05|title=Art column: Hampton University Museum - "Benjamin A. Wigfall – A Homecoming"|work=Daily Press, Newport News, VA|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/236366417/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Obodo ndị Juu nke Newport News (Ihe ngosi njem ihe ngosi nke Virginia), 1966 <ref name=":182" /> <ref name=":322">{{Cite news|author=Cossitt|first=F.D.|date=1964-12-27|title=Art in Richmond|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/829167661/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Elizabeth City (NC) State College, 1968 <ref>{{Cite news|date=1968-04-14|title=College Arts Festival To Open Thursday|work=News and Observer, Raleigh, NC|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/652693115/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Ụlọ Lever, New York City, 1969 * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Saratoga, NY, 1970 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fifteen Under Forty: Paintings by Young New York State Black Artists|url=https://emmaamos.com/wordpress/about/exhibitions/|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=emmaamos.com.|date=26 January 2008}}</ref> * Mahadum [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], 1978 <ref>{{Cite web|date=1978|title=Twenty Contemporary Printmakers.|url=http://www.bettyblaytonartist.com/biography3-group.html|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=bettyblaytonartist.com}}</ref> * Ụlọ ọrụ Schomburg maka nyocha na omenala ojii, 1985 <ref>{{Cite news|date=1984-11-30|title=Tribute to a Printmaker|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/30/arts/tribute-to-a-printmaker.html|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=1984-11-30|title=Art in Print: A Tribute to Robert Blackburn.|url=http://www.bettyblaytonartist.com/biography3-group.html|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=bettyblaytonartist.com}}</ref> * Ebe Kingston nke SUNY Ulster, 2018 <ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-27|title=Calendar: Kingston Center of SUNY Ulster - "Restoring Pride in Culture: Legacy and Tradition"|work=Poughkeepsie (NY) Journal|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/422662978/|accessdate=2023-05-17}}</ref> * Kingston (NY) Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Past, Present & Future: A Black History Month Kingston Exhibition|url=https://www.kingston-ny.gov/content/11648/25800/40999/default.aspx|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=City of Kingston, NY}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-07|title=1st Saturday Kingston, March 7, 2020, Gallery Guide|url=https://madkingston.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mad_1st_sat_guide_March_2020_download.pdf|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=madkinstong.org}}</ref> * Duke Hall Gallery of Fine Art, Mahadum James Madison, 2021 <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-11-26|title=EXUBERANCE: Dialogues in African American Abstract Painting|work=Daily News Record, Harrisonburg, VA|url=https://www.dnronline.com/calendar/exuberance-dialogues-in-african-american-abstract-painting/event_9c831940-26cc-11ec-a852-273f2e6d094c.html|accessdate=2023-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702142746/https://www.dnronline.com/calendar/exuberance-dialogues-in-african-american-abstract-painting/event_9c831940-26cc-11ec-a852-273f2e6d094c.html|archive-date=2023-07-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Exhibition Celebrates the Dynamic Legacy of Abstraction in African American Painting|url=https://www.jmu.edu/dukehallgallery/exhibitions-21-22/exuberance.shtml|accessdate=2023-05-17|work=James Madison University}}</ref> == Nchịkọta ahọpụtara == * Virginia Museum of Fine Arts <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-03|title=VMFA Acquires Two Comprehensive Collections of Works by Virginia Artists Benjamin Wigfall and Willie Anne Wright|url=https://www.eastcityart.com/art-news/benjamin-wigfall/|accessdate=2023-07-02|work=East City Art}}</ref> * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Hampton <ref>{{Cite web|title=Art collections|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/art-collections|accessdate=2023-07-02|work=encyclopedia.com}}</ref> * [[Ụlọ ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale|Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition, by Benjamin L. Wigfall|url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/11263|accessdate=2023-07-02|work=Yale University Art Gallery}}</ref> == Ntụaka == == Njikọ mpụga == agafekarị Marshall Street viaduct gafee Shockoe Valley . Ọtụtụ mgbe, ngwugwu ndị ahụ na-afụ anwụrụ ọkụ mana n'oge ahụ, ha na-adị jụụ ma nọrọ jụụ, ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na 2003. Ọ kọwara otu oge, sị: “Ihe na-adịchaghị adị ma n'otu oge ahụ dị nnọọ adị, na-ekwukwa na e nwere “ihe a ma ama n'ihe a na-ahụkarị.”agafekarị Marshall Street viaduct gafee [[Ndagwurugwu Shockoe|Shockoe Valley]] . Ọtụtụ mgbe, ngwugwu ndị ahụ na-afụ anwụrụ ọkụ mana n'oge ahụ, ha na-adị jụụ ma nọrọ jụụ, ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na 2003. Ọ kọwara otu oge, sị: “Ihe na-adịchaghị adị ma n'otu oge ahụ dị nnọọ adị, na-ekwukwa na e nwere “ihe a ma ama n'ihe a na-ahụkarị.” * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbsdjPr7DsY Benjamin Wigfall na vidiyo Obodo Nkwukọrịta] sitere na VMFA [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h0elh2kcahr06l0gpddjtfgx2tr2nxq 0 48121 743881 692595 2026-11-08T10:31:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin''', OM , DBE , DL <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floellabenjamin.com/about%20me/appointments.html|title=Floella Benjamin OBE: About Me|publisher=Floellabenjamin.com|accessdate=29 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106002831/http://www.floellabenjamin.com/about%20me/appointments.html|archivedate=6 January 2010}}</ref> (amụrụ 23 Septemba 1949 <ref name="marriage">GRO Register of Marriages: SEP 1980 14 0207 LAMBETH – Keith D. Taylor=Floella K.Y. Benjamin</ref> ) bụ onye omere Trinidadian-British, onye na-agụ abụ, onye ngosi, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. A maara ya dị ka onye na-eweta mmemme ụmụaka dị ka ''ụlọ akwụkwọ Play'', ''Play Away'', ''Jamboree'' na ''Ọsọ n'ihu'' . Na 28 June 2010, a kpọbatara Lady Benjamin na Ụlọ nke ndị nwe ụlọ dịka onye ọgbọ ndụ nke ndị Liberal Democrats họpụtara. Na 2024, e nyere ya onyinye nturu ugo BAFTA Fellowship maka ọrụ ya na telivishọn. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Floella Benjamin to receive BAFTA Fellowship at BAFTA TV Awards 2024|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/baroness-floella-benjamin-bafta-fellowship-tv-awards-newsupdate/|accessdate=24 April 2024|publisher=[[Radio Times]]}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Floella Benjamin na 23 Septemba 1949 na Pointe-à-Pierre, [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad na Tobago]], otu n'ime ụmụnne isii, ya na otu nwanne nwanyị tọrọ, ụmụnne atọ na nwanne nwanyị nke obere. <ref name="HG">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141113095854/http://historicalgeographies.blogspot.de/2011/09/biography-floella-benjamin.html Floella Benjamin profile], Historical Geographies; 3 September 2011; accessed 21 March 2014.</ref> Mgbe nna ya, "onye uwe ojii na onye egwu jazz nwere nkà", <ref name="HG"/> kpebiri ịkwaga Britain, nne ya mechara soro ya na nwanne Benjamin nke nta na nwanne nke ọdụdụ, a hapụrụ ụmụaka anọ ahụ tọrọ n'aka ndị enyi ezinụlọ. . Ndị na-elekọta Benjamin na nwanne ya nwaanyị na-akparị ha na nzuzo. Benjamin na nwanne ya nwanyị na-agbalịkarị idegara ndị mụrụ ha akwụkwọ ozi iji gwa ha banyere mmegbu ahụ, ma a na-agụkarị akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ ma na-enyocha ya tupu e ziga ha. Na 1960 ụmụaka gara isonyere nna ha na Beckenham, Kent. Floella Benjamin atụlewo ahụmahụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ o nwere mgbe ọ bịarutere Britain dị ka onye si mba ọzọ, dị ka ya na ndị agbata obi na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.samiraahmed.co.uk/swinging-racism-floella-benjamins-memoir-of-60s-london/|title=Swinging racism: Floella Benjamin's memoir of 60s London|author=Ahmed|first=Samira|date=13 January 2011|publisher=samiraahmed.co.uk}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ iji rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka A-Level na ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A36869557|title=Floella Benjamin – Activist, Actress and Producer|work=[[h2g2]]|date=4 July 2008|accessdate=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921192107/http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A36869557|archive-date=21 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe o kwuchara okwu dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na egwu egwu West End, ọ malitere igosi mmemme telivishọn ụmụaka na 1976, ọkachasị ''Play School'' maka BBC. == Ntụrụndụ == Benjamin apụtala na ''ntutu'', ''Jesus Christ Superstar'', ''Black Mikado'' ''na Di-Nwoke'', yana ọtụtụ pantomimes . Na ihuenyo, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri egwu egwu 1975 ''Achọghị m ka a mụọ'' ya na ihe nkiri 1977 ''Black Joy'' . Ihe nzere onyonyo ya gụnyere ''ndị mmụọ ozi'', ''N'ime mgbidi ndị a'', ''Courtlọ ikpe okpueze'', ''The Gentle Touch'' na ''Dixon nke Dock Green'' . Ọ pụtara dị ka Juniper na ihe omume mbụ nke ''Bergerac'' (1981). Benjamin gụrụ akụkọ abụọ maka usoro akụkọ ''akụkọ akụkọ'' (1983 na 1984). Ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Floella Benjamin Productions Ltd, bụ onye mepụtara mmemme telivishọn kemgbe 1987 wee gbazee na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03362123/filing-history?page=1|title=FLOELLA BENJAMIN PRODUCTIONS LIMITED – Filing history (free information from Companies House)|work=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ olu nke vidiyo ozi Council Standards Council "U" na "PG". Na 2006, ọ pụtara na ihe omume nke ''Line of Beauty'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Credits – Floella Benjamin|url=http://www.floellabenjamin.com/about-me/credits/|accessdate=2022-03-04|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'etiti 2007 na 2011, ọ ọbịa-kpakpando na ''Dọkịta onye'' spin-off ''The Sarah Jane Adventures'' dị ka Prọfesọ Rivers nke Pharos Institute na akụkọ ''The Lost Boy'', ''The Day of Clown'', ''The Eternity Trap'', na ''Eluigwe'' . Ọ kọkwara akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ "ime-nke" na ''Dọkịta Onye'' DVD ọkpọkọ setịpụrụ ''The Black Guardian Trilogy'' . <ref>[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1097073 Floella Benjamin biography and credits], BFIScreenonline.org; accessed 21 March 2014.</ref> N'afọ 2007, ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ na ihe nkiri Britain ''Run Fatboy Run'' . == Sọpụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Statue_of_Floella.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Bust nke Benjamin na mpụga guild nke ụmụ akwụkwọ Mahadum Exeter . Onye na-ese ihe: Luke Shepherd]] A họpụtara Benjamin [[Order of the British Empire|onye ọrụ nke Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) na 2001 New Year Honors maka ọrụ mgbasa ozi. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ onye isi oche nke British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite Pụrụ Iche Ndụ Achievement site na BAFTA. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Women of the Year Lunch <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenoftheyear.co.uk/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617062649/http://www.womenoftheyear.co.uk/the-board-council/nominating-council/|title=Women of the Year Lunch and Awards – Celebrating women since 1955|archivedate=17 June 2013|work=Women of the Year}}</ref> afọ ise na Kọmishọna Narị Afọ Iri . Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Elizabeth R Commonwealth Broadcasting Fund na gọvanọ nke National Film na Television School . Ọ bụ gọvanọ Dulwich College, ebe nne ya na-arụbu ọrụ na nwa ya nwoke gara. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/oct/01/floella-benjamin-my-famimly-values|title=Interview {{!}} Floella Benjamin: My family values|first=Juliet|author=Rix|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2011}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Floella_benjamin.jpg|alt=Floella Benjamin|áká_èkpè|thumb|257x257px| Benjamin n'afọ 2009]] == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ |- | 1975 | ''Achọghị m ka a mụọ m'' | Nọọsụ 1st |- | 1977 | ''Oji ọṅụ'' | Miriam |- | 2004 | ''Akwụsị ika'' (mkpụmkpụ) | Ụlọ akwụkwọ Tannoy |- | 2007 | ''Nsụgharị'' | Onye ọrụ CIA |- | 2007 | ''Gbaa ọsọ Fatboy'' | Mama Libby |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |1974 |''Crown Court'' |Jenny Marsh |episode: "Victims of Prejudice: Part 1" |- |1974–1975 |''Within These Walls'' |Barbara |5 episodes |- |1975 |''Dixon of Dock Green'' |Mrs Dallas |episode: "Target" |- |1975–1979 |''Play for Today'' |Norma / Marie-Louise / Solicitor's clerk |3 episodes |- |1976–1988 |''Play School'' |Presenter | |- |1978 |''The Wild Bunch'' |Melody |episode: "Send in the Girls" |- |1978 |''Mixed Blessings'' |Karen |episode: "The Housewarming" |- |1978–1979 |''Angels'' |Marigold Glasspole / April Yallop |3 episodes |- |1979 |''Kids'' |Ella Buckley |episode: "Laurie" |- |1980 |''The Gentle Touch'' |Gloria |episode: Shock |- |1980s |''Playdays'' |Presenter | |- |1980s |''Fast Forward'' |Presenter | |- |1981 |''Maybury'' |Kayreen |episode: "Hugo & Colin" |- |1981 |''Bergerac'' |Juniper |episode: "Picking It Up" |- |1982 |''Strangers'' |Rosy Baker |episode: "With These Gloves You Can Pass Through Mirrors" |- |1984 |''Father's Day'' |TV Interviewer |episode: "Liberty, Equality, Paternity" |- |1986 |''Roland Rat: The Series'' |BBC 3 Announcer |Episode 1.11 |- |1990 |''Family Fortunes'' |Tiddles |Celebrity Christmas Special 2 |- |1994–1995 |''Hullabaloo'' |Presenter | |- |1998–2000 |''Jamboree'' |Presenter | |- |2000–2001 |''Fetch the Vet'' |Kara |TV show, Voice Role |- |2005 |''Coming to England'' |Teacher |TV movie |- |2006 |''Little Miss Jocelyn'' |Herself |TV show |- |2006 |''The Line of Beauty'' |Mrs Charles |TV Mini-Series |- |2007–2008 |''Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies'' |Mama Mirabelle |UK Voice |- |2007–2011 |''The Sarah Jane Adventures'' |Professor Rivers |5 episodes |- |2010–present |''Chuggington'' |Mayor Pullman |UK Voice |- |2013 |''CBeebies: A Christmas Carol'' |Party Guest |TV movie |- |2022 |''Countdown'' |Presenter |40th anniversary guest presenter |} == Ntụaka == mmegbu ahụ, ma a na-agụkarị akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ ma na-enyocha ya tupu e ziga ha. Na 1960 ụmụaka gara isonyere nna ha na Beckenham, Kent. Floella Benjaminya tupu e ziga ha. Na 1960 ụmụaka{{Reflist}} * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180326002507/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba34329f7 Floella Benjamin] at the British Film Institute * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929175342/http://www.tv.com/floella-benjamin/person/139696/summary.html Floella Benjamin profile] Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, TV.Com; accessed 25 March 2014. * {{IMDb name|0071302}} {{s-start}} {{s-aca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Robert Alexander, Baron Alexander of Weedon|The Lord Alexander of Weedon]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of University of Exeter people#Chancellors|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Exeter]]|years=2006–2016}} {{s-aft|after=[[Paul Myners, Baron Myners|The Lord Myners]]}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benjamin, Floella}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 71h8gp0uy3wy689dlbqwc8cehjivh0e 0 48230 743829 727464 2026-11-07T19:45:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743829 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Benjamin Flores Jr.</div> |- class="infobox-data" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Amụrụ | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline"> Benjamin Christopher Flores Jr.</div><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki><span style="display:none"> </span><span style="display:none">( <span class="bday">2002-07-24</span> )</span> Julaị 24, 2002 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(afọ&nbsp;21)</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline"> [[Memphis, Tennessee]], Njikota Obodo Amerika</div> |- class="noprint ForceAgeToShow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ndị ọzọ&nbsp;aha | class="infobox-data nickname" | |} {{Databox}}'''Benjamin Christopher Flores Jr.''' <ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/iNCJdR0x9ck Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNCJdR0x9ck&gl=US&hl=en|title=Game Shakers {{!}} Benjamin Flores Jr. & Cree Cicchino's Nick Stars BFF Challenge {{!}} Nick|work=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=2024-06-15|archivedate=2019-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922223416/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNCJdR0x9ck&gl=US&hl=en}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNCJdR0x9ck|title=Game Shakers {{!}} Benjamin Flores Jr. & Cree Cicchino's Nick Stars BFF Challenge {{!}} Nick|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> (amuru July 24, 2002 <ref name="Variety-pic">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/gallery/photos-up-and-coming-young-talent-variety-youth-impact-report/#!8/flores-benjamin-jr-2/|title=Up-and-Coming Young Talent: Variety Youth Impact Report (PHOTOS) – Benjamin Flores Jr.|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 24, 2013|accessdate=December 6, 2016}}</ref> ), nke a makwaara dika '''Lil'P-Nut''', bu [[Actor|onye omekorita]] na onye na-egwu egwu America. Na egwu, a maara ya maka egwu ya "You May Be the One". N'ime ihe nkiri, Flores gbara egwu dị ka Louie Preston na usoro telivishọn Nickelodeon ''The Haunted Hathaways'' (2013 – 2015), yana Triple G na usoro Nickelodeon ''Game Shakers'' (2015 – 2019). == Ọrụ == === Egwu === A mụrụ Flores na Memphis, Tennessee. <ref name="BET_News">{{Cite web|author=Jacob Rohn|url=http://www.bet.com/news/music/2013/07/11/benjamin-lil-p-nut-flores-jr-packs-big-talent.html|title=Benjamin "Lil P-Nut" Flores Jr. Is Scary Good in New Role|work=[[BET Nightly News|BET News]]|date=July 11, 2013|accessdate=May 28, 2017|archive-date=August 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813223425/http://www.bet.com/news/music/2013/07/11/benjamin-lil-p-nut-flores-jr-packs-big-talent.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Flores bịara mara nke ọma mgbe ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Memphis Fox 13 gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 7. Mgbe ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ gasịrị, ọ pụtara na ''Ellen DeGeneres Show'', bụ ebe ọ rụrụ otu rap mbụ ya dị ka Lil'P-Nut, "Ị Pụrụ Ịbụ Onye M"; <ref name="memphisparent">{{Cite web|author=Stephanie Painter|url=http://www.memphisparent.com/article/he%E2%80%99s-got-beat|title=Rapper Lil' P-Nut has caught Hollywood's attention — at age 9|work=memphisparent.com|date=October 14, 2011|accessdate=December 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20111014125153/http://www.memphisparent.com/article/he%E2%80%99s-got-beat|archivedate=October 14, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Appearance on Ellen|url=http://www.ellentv.com/2010/11/25/7-year-old-rapper-lil-p-nut/|work=ellentv.com|date=November 25, 2010}}</ref> wepụtara na Septemba 25, 2010. Ọ pụtaziri na egwu Cymphonique, "Ihe ahụ niile". <ref name="BET_News" /> Raps ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere "Nrọ ọjọọ" na "Choosin'". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Were these released widely publicly? [If so, when?] If not, they made not be notable and should not be included. (November 2016)">mkpa nkọwa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Ime ihe === Flores pụtara na ihe omume nke sitcom TBS ''Ànyị N'ebe ahụ?'' , wee kpọọ Atticus the rapping penguin na ihe nkiri animated ''Happy Feet 2'', na 2011. <ref name="memphisparent"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gail Choice|url=http://www.ourweekly.com/arts-and-entertainment/%E2%80%98happy-feet-two%E2%80%99%E2%80%94very-happy|title='Happy Feet Two'—very happy|work=ourweekly.com|date=November 17, 2011|accessdate=December 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120905124337/http://www.ourweekly.com/arts-and-entertainment/%E2%80%98happy-feet-two%E2%80%99%E2%80%94very-happy|archivedate=September 5, 2012}}</ref> O mere ihe onyonyo na vidiyo egwu Yo Gotti maka "Lee n'enyo". Flores pụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ ''Ride Along'', nke ewepụtara na Jenụwarị 2014. <ref name="BET_News"/> Na 2013, a tụbara Flores n'ọrụ egwu egwu na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Nickelodeon ''The Haunted Hathaways'', na-egwu Louie mmụọ na-eto eto nke bi n'otu ụlọ na ezinụlọ dị ndụ a na-akpọ Hathaways. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nellie Andreeva|url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/nickelodeon-picks-up-comedy-the-haunted-hathaways-to-series-with-20-episode-order-407650/|title=Nickelodeon Picks Up Comedy 'The Haunted Hathaways' To Series With 20-Episode Order|work=Deadline.com|date=January 18, 2013|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> Ihe ngosi ahụ mere oge abụọ tupu agwụ na 2015. A họpụtara ya maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri TV ọkacha mmasị na ''Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards'' na 2014 na 2015 maka ọrụ ya na ''The Haunted Hathaways'' . <ref name="KCA-2014">{{Cite web|author=Philiana Ng|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kids-choice-awards-2014-nominees-681858|title=Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Nominations Revealed|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=February 24, 2014|accessdate=February 26, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="KCA-2015">{{Cite web|author=Stephanie Webber|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/kids-choice-awards-2015-complete-list-of-winners-2015283|title=Kids' Choice Awards 2015: Complete List of Winners!|work=Us Weekly|date=March 28, 2015|accessdate=February 26, 2017}}</ref> Na July 7, 2015, a mara ọkwa na Flores ga-arụkọ ọrụ na usoro ihe nkiri TV ọhụrụ nke Dan Schneider, ''Game Shakers'', na-arụ ọrụ nke Triple G, nwa nwoke onye rapper a ma ama Double G ( Kel Mitchell ). Emegharịrị usoro a maka oge nke atọ na Nọvemba 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Denise Petski|url=https://deadline.com/2016/11/henry-danger-game-shakers-renewed-nickelodeon-1201855768/|title=Henry Danger & Game Shakers Renewed by Nickelodeon|work=Deadline.com|date=November 16, 2016|accessdate=November 16, 2016}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" |+Television and film roles !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2011 |''Happy Feet Two'' |Atticus |Film voice role; as Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores Jr. |- |2013–2015 |''The Haunted Hathaways'' | rowspan="2" |Louie Preston |Main role; as Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores Jr. |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''The Thundermans'' |Crossover episode: "The Haunted Thundermans" |- |''Ride Along'' |Morris |Film; as Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores |- |''Santa Hunters'' |Alex | rowspan="2" |Television film (Nickelodeon) |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''One Crazy Cruise'' |Nate Bauer |- |''Henry Danger'' |Lil' Biggie |Episode: "The Beat Goes On" |- |2015–2019 |''Game Shakers'' |Triple G |Main role; as Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores Jr. |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Transformers: The Last Knight'' |Kid |Film |- |''Henry Danger'' |Triple G |Crossover special: "Danger Games" |- |''Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie'' |Gerald Johanssen |Television film (Nickelodeon); voice role; as Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores Jr. |- |''Pup Star: Better 2Gether'' |M.C. Bite |Film; voice role; as Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores Jr. |- |2018 |''The Librarians'' |Freddy |Episode: "And the Hidden Sanctuary" |- |2019 |''Rim of the World'' |Dariush |Direct-to-video film<ref name="RofW">{{Cite web|author=Amanda N'Duka|url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/director-mcg-netflix-film-rim-of-the-world-cast-1202414461/|title=McG Assembles Cast For Netflix Film 'Rim of the World'|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 20, 2018|accessdate=May 28, 2019}}</ref> |- |2020–2022 |''Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous'' |Brandon Bowman |8 episodes; voice role |- |2020–2023 |''Your Honor'' |Eugene Jones |Recurring role (season 1); main role (season 2)<ref name="Your Honor">{{Cite web|author=Denise Petski|url=https://deadline.com/2019/10/your-honor-tony-curran-keith-machekanyanga-lamar-johnson-benjamin-flores-jr-showtime-drama-1202763155/|title='Your Honor': Tony Curran, Keith Machekanyanga, Lamar Johnson & Benjamin Flores Jr. Join Showtime Legal Drama|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 18, 2019|accessdate=November 16, 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Fear Street Part One: 1994'' | rowspan="3" |Josh |Streaming film<ref name="FS1">{{Cite web|author=Amanda N'Duka|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/fear-street-benjamin-flores-jr-fox-and-chernin-entertainment-r-l-stein-movie-1202574503/|title='Fear Street': Benjamin Flores, Jr. Joins Fox and Chernin Entertainment's R.L. Stine Adaptation|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 12, 2019|accessdate=March 12, 2019}}</ref><ref name="FS2">{{Cite web|author=Mike Fleming Jr|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/rl-stine-fear-street-movie-trilogy-netflix-chernin-entertainment-leigh-janiak-director-the-summer-of-fear-2021-1203010276/|title=Slot After Landing R.L. Stine 'Fear Street' Movie Trilogy From Disney & Chernin; Leigh Janiak Directed The Trio|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=August 11, 2020|accessdate=August 14, 2020}}</ref> |- |''Fear Street Part Two: 1978'' |Streaming film<ref name="FS1" /><ref name="FS2" /> |- |''Fear Street Part Three: 1666'' |Streaming film<ref name="FS1" /><ref name="FS2" /> |- |2023 |''Quantum Leap'' |Dwain |Episode: "One Night in Koreatown" |- |2024 |''Jurassic World: Chaos Theory'' |Brandon Bowman |Episode: "Aftershock" ; voice role |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Ọrụ ! Nsonaazụ ! Refs |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | Ihe nrite Imagen | rowspan="4" | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri TV kacha amasị | rowspan="3" | ''Haunted Hathaways''| {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Imagen-2014">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imagen.org/awards/past-imagen-awards-winners/2014-imagen-awards-winners-nominees/|title=2014 Imagen Awards Winners & Nominees|publisher=The Imagen Foundation|year=2014|accessdate=February 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821002250/https://www.imagen.org/awards/past-imagen-awards-winners/2014-imagen-awards-winners-nominees/|archive-date=August 21, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Onyinye Nhọrọ ụmụaka| {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA-2014"/> |- | 2015 | Onyinye Nhọrọ ụmụaka| {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA-2015"/> |- | 2017 | Onyinye Nhọrọ ụmụaka | ''Egwuregwu Shakers''| {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="KCA-2017">{{Cite web|author=Dani Levy|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-nominations-2017-full-list-1201975603/|title=Justin Timberlake and Kevin Hart Lead Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Nominations|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 2, 2017|accessdate=February 21, 2017}}</ref> |} == Ntụaka == gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 7. Mgbe ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ gasịrị, ọ pụtara na Ellen DeGeneres Show, bụ ebe ọ rụrụ otu rap mbụ ya dị ka Lil'P-{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benjamin,christopher,flores,jr.}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g5pax97szfoktts5oq0027lqv9v2hsg 0 49381 743855 706755 2026-11-08T02:43:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743855 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cucumis sativus20090812 497.jpg|thumb|Cucumber]]'''cucumber''' ('''''Cucumis sativus''''') bụ osisi vaịn a na-akụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ezinụlọ Cucurbitaceae nke na-amị mkpụrụ cylindrical na spherical, nke a na-eji dị ka akwụkwọ nri.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/145850/cucumber Cucumber]." ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. [1998] 2019.</ref> A na-ewere ya dị ka osisi na-eto eto kwa afọ, e nwere ụdị cucumber atọ - ịkpụ, ịkpụ, na enweghị mkpụrụ - nke e mepụtara ọtụtụ ụdị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Silvertown|first=Jonathan|title=Survival, Fecundity and Growth of Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis Lobata|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-ecology_1985-11_73_3/page/841|journal=Journal of Ecology|date=1985|volume=73|issue=3|pages=841–849|doi=10.2307/2260151}}</ref> Cucumber sitere na [[Asia|Eshia]] site na [[Ndia|India]], Nepal, Bangladesh, [[China]] (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi), na Northern Thailand,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chomicki|first=Guillaume|title=Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology|url=https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.16015|journal=New Phytologist|pages=1240–1255|language=en|doi=10.1111/nph.16015|date=June 2020|volume=226|issue=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weng|first=Yiqun|title=Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding|journal=Plant Breeding Reviews|date=7 January 2021|pages=79–111|doi=10.1002/9781119717003.ch4|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119717003.ch4|language=en}}</ref><ref name="powo">{{Cite web|title=''Cucumis sativus'' L.|work=Plants of the World Online|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292296-1|accessdate=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317064057/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292296-1|archive-date=17 March 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bisht|first=I. S.|title=Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India|journal=The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology|date=January 2004|volume=79|issue=5|pages=783–791|doi=10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843|language=en|issn=1462-0316}}</ref> mana ugbu a ọ na-eto n'ọtụtụ Kọntinent, a na-akụkwa ọtụtụ ụdị cucumber dị iche iche maka azụmahịa ma na-ere ahịa n'ahịa ụwa. Na North America, okwu ''cucumber ọhịa'' na-ezo aka na osisi dị na ụdị ''Echinocystis'' na ''Mara'', ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ enweghị njikọ chiri anya. == Nkọwa == Kukumba bụ osisi vaịn na-akpụ akpụ nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ala wee tolite trellises ma ọ bụ okpokolo agba ndị ọzọ na-akwado ya, na-eji mkpịsị dị gịrịgịrị na-agbagharị gburugburu na-ekekọta ihe nkwado. Osisi ahụ nwekwara ike gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ime ala na-enweghị ala, nke ọ ga-esi na ya gbasaa n'ala n'ọnọdụ nke ihe nkwado. Osisi vaịn ahụ nwere akwụkwọ buru ibu nke na-etolite n'elu mkpụrụ osisi..   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mkpụrụ kukumba nwere mmiri 95% (lee okpokoro oriri na ọṅụṅụ). N'okwu botanical, a na-ekewa kukumba dị ka pepo, ụdị beri botanical nke nwere mpụta siri ike na enweghị nkewa dị n'ime. Otú ọ dị, dị ka tomato na skwọsh, a na-aghọtakarị ya, kwadebere ya ma na-eri ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri..<ref name="ZhangLi2019">{{Cite journal|author=Zhang|first=Tingting|title=Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (''Cucumber sativus'' L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population|journal=Scientia Horticulturae|volume=250|year=2019|pages=214–222|doi=10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.062}}</ref> Mkpụrụ kukumba nwere mmiri 95% (lee okpokoro oriri na ọṅụṅụ). N'okwu botanical, a na-ekewa kukumba dị ka pepo, ụdị beri botanical nke nwere mpụta siri ike na enweghị nkewa dị n'ime. Otú ọ dị, dị ka tomato na skwọsh, a na-aghọtakarị ya, kwadebere ya ma na-eri ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fruitorvegetable.science/cucumber|title=Cucumber|work=Fruit or Vegetable?|accessdate=2019-12-05}}</ref> === Okooko osisi na mmịpụta === [[Usòrò:Cucumis_sativus_0002.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|''Cucumis sativus'' okooko osisi]]   Ọtụtụ kukumba cultivar bụ mkpụrụ na-achọ pollination. Maka nke a, a na-ebufe ọtụtụ puku ụlọ aṅụ mmanụ aṅụ kwa afọ gaa n'ubi kukumba tupu oge ntoju. A pụkwara imetọ kukumba site na bumblebees na ọtụtụ ụdị aṅụ ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ cucumbers nke chọrọ pollination adịghị ekwekọ n'onwe ya, yabụ na-achọ pollen nke osisi ọzọ iji mepụta mkpụrụ na mkpụrụ osisi. Ụfọdụ cultivars na-adakọbara onwe ya dị adị nke metụtara mkpụrụ osisi 'Lemon kukumba'.'.<ref name="Nonnecke">{{Cite book|author=Nonnecke, I.L.|year=1989|title=Vegetable Production|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780442267216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7i8QJw8BJsC}}</ref> Ugbo kukumba ole na ole bụ parthenocarpic, ifuru ya na-emepụta mkpụrụ na-enweghị mkpụrụ na-enweghị pollination, nke na-emebi àgwà iri nri nke ahịhịa ndị a. Na United States, a na-akụkarị ihe ndị a na greenhouses, ebe a na-ewepụ aṅụ. Na Europe, a na-akụ ha n'èzí na mpaghara ụfọdụ, ebe a na-ewepụkwa aṅụ   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ụdị ọdịnala na-ebu ụzọ na-amịpụta okooko osisi nwoke, mgbe ahụ nke nwanyị, n'ihe dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha nhata. Ụdị ngwakọta ọhụrụ nke gynoecious na-emepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okooko osisi nwanyị niile. Ha nwere ike ịnwe ụdị pollenizer a kụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ aṅụ kwa mpaghara na-abawanye, mana mgbanwe okpomọkụ na-eme ka okooko osisi nwoke ọbụna na osisi ndị a, nke nwere ike zuo ezu maka pollination.<ref name="Nonnecke"/> N'afọ 2009, otu ndị nchọpụta mba ụwa kwupụtara na ha emeela usoro nke cucumber genome.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Huang|first=S.|year=2009|title=The genome of the cucumber, ''Cucumis sativus'' L|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=41|issue=12|pages=1275–81|doi=10.1038/ng.475|pmid=19881527}}</ref> === Nchebe nke ndị na-eri ahịhịa === Phytochemicals na cucumbers nwere ike igbochi ndị na-eri ahịhịa, dị ka ụmụ ahụhụ, nematodes ma ọ bụ Anụ ọhịa.<ref name="shang">{{Cite journal|title=Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2014-11-28_346_6213/page/1084|journal=Science|volume=346|issue=6213|pages=1084–8|date=November 2014|pmid=25430763|doi=10.1126/science.1259215}}</ref> Dị ka usoro nchebe nwere ike, cucumbers na-emepụta cucurbitacin C, nke na-akpata ụtọ dị ilu na ụdị cucumber ụfọdụ.<ref name=":0a">{{Cite journal|author=Liu|first=Zhiqiang|title=The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber|journal=Plant Molecular Biology|date=February 2019|volume=99|issue=6|pages=535–544|doi=10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w|pmid=30707394}}</ref> Usoro a nwere ike ịdị n'okpuru nyocha mbụ iji chọpụta ma cucumbers nwere ike igbochi ndị na-eri ahịhịa na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi site na iji ihe Nchebe kemịkal, ọkachasị na akwụkwọ, cotyledons, pedicel, carpopodium, na mkpụrụ osisi.<ref name=":0a" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=He|first=Jun|title=Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission|journal=New Phytologist|year=2022|volume=233|issue=2|pages=862–877|doi=10.1111/nph.17814|pmid=34668204}}</ref> == Nri, ísì, na uto ==   Cucumber (nke nwere akpụkpọ) bụ 95% mmiri, 4% carbohydrates, 1% protein, ma nwee abụba na-enweghị isi. + 1⁄2-ounce) na-enye 65 kilojoules (16 kilocalories) nke Ike nri.  Ọ nwere obere micronutrients: ọ bụ naanị maka vitamin K, na 14% nke Uru Kwa Ụbọchị (tebụl). Dabere na ụdị dị iche iche, cucumbers nwere ike ịnwe ísì na ụtọ melon, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ sitere na aldehydes na-enweghị ntụpọ, dị ka {{Érèkọbalà|[[Trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal|(E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal]]}}, na <nowiki><i id="mwpQ">cis</i></nowiki>- na <nowiki><i id="mwpg">trans</i></nowiki>- isomers nke 2-nonenal.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schieberle|first=P.|year=1990|title=Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Cucumbers (''Cucumis sativus'') and Muskmelons (''Cucumis melo'') by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis|journal=Journal of Food Science|volume=55|pages=193–195|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06050.x}}</ref> Nri dịtụ ilu nke mkpo cucumber sitere na cucurbitacins.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Shang|first=Y|year=2014|title=Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2014-11-28_346_6213/page/1084|journal=Science|volume=346|issue=6213|pages=1084–8|doi=10.1126/science.1259215|pmid=25430763}}</ref> == Ụdị dị iche iche == N'ịkọwa n'ozuzu, a na-ekewa cucumbers n'ime ìgwè atọ: ịkpụ, ịkpụ, na enweghị mkpụrụ / enweghị mkpụrụ. == Ojiji == === Nri === ==== Ịkpụchasị ==== A na-akpọ cucumbers ndị a zụlitere iji rie ihe ọhụrụ cucumbers. Ụdị ndị isi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-etolite n'Osisi vaịn nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ nke na-enye ndò.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.almanac.com/plant/cucumbers|title=Cucumbers: Planting, growing, and harvesting cucumbers|publisher=Old Farmer's Almanac, Yankee Publishing, Inc., Dublin, NH|date=2016|accessdate=11 August 2016}}</ref> Slicers a zụlitere maka ahịa North America na-adịkarị ogologo, na-akwọ mụrụmụrụ, na-acha otu, ma nwee akpụkpọ ahụ siri ike. N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị dị na mba ndị ọzọ, nke a na-akpọkarị cucumbers Europe, dị obere ma nwee akpụkpọ ahụ dị gịrịgịrị, nke na-enwekarị mkpụrụ ole na ole, n'ihi ya, a na-erekarị ha na akpụkpọ plastik maka nchebe. A pụkwara ịkpọ ụdị a ''cucumber telegraph'', ọkachasị na Australasia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230827143554/https://www.5aday.co.nz/facts-and-tips/fruit-vegetable-info/cucumber/ Cucumber – 5+ a day, New Zealand] Retrieved 18 May 2018</ref> ==== Mkpịsị ugodi ==== Iji saline, shuga, vinegar, na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche na-atọ ụtọ site na cucumbers na nri ndị ọzọ. <ref name="avi">{{Cite web|author=Avi, Torey|title=History in a jar: The story of pickles|url=http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-pickles/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|accessdate=13 November 2017|date=3 September 2014}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịkpụ cucumber ọ bụla, a na-eji cucumbers a zụlitere n'ụzọ pụrụ iche emepụta cucumber azụmahịa maka ịdị n'otu nke ogologo na dayameta na enweghị oghere n'anụ ahụ. Cucumbers ndị e mere maka ịta nri, ndị a na-akpọ picklers, na-eto ruo ihe dị ka 7 ruo 10 in) n'ogologo na 2.5 cm (1 in) n"obosara. E jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-akpụ akpụ, ndị na-eme ihe na-adịkarị mkpụmkpụ, sie ike, na-adịkarịghị mma, ma nwee akpụkpọ ahụ nwere obere ogwu ọcha ma ọ bụ oji. Agba nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site na odo odo ruo na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Gherkin ==== Gherkins, nke a na-akpọkwa ''cornichons'', ma ọ bụ baby pickles, bụ obere cucumbers, nke a bụ 2.5 ruo 12.5 sentimita (1 ruo 5 sentimita) n'ogologo, nke a kewakwara akpụkpọ ahụ, nke a-ejikarị eme ihe maka pickling. <ref name="zon">{{Cite web|title=Gherkins|url=http://www.royalzon.com/en/consumer/fruit-vegetables/gherkins|publisher=Zon|accessdate=13 November 2017|date=2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040538/http://www.royalzon.com/en/consumer/fruit-vegetables/gherkins|archivedate=14 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="wifss">{{Cite web|title=Cucumbers|url=http://www.wifss.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/FDA_WIFSS_-Cucumbers_PDF.pdf|publisher=Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, US Department of Agriculture|accessdate=13 November 2017|date=May 2016}}</ref><ref name="india">{{Cite web|title=Cucumbers and gherkins|url=http://apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/SubHead_Products/Cucumber_and_Gherkins.htm|publisher=Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, Government of India|accessdate=13 November 2017|date=2015}}</ref> Okwu ''gherkin'' sitere na oge Dutch ''gurken'' ma ọ bụ augurken ('obere cucumber pickled'). A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ mee ihe na aha maka ''Cucumis anguria'', West Indian gherkin, ụdị yiri ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=West Indian gherkin, ''Cucumis anguria'' L.|url=http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cucumis+anguria|publisher=Plants for a Future|accessdate=13 November 2017|date=2012}}</ref> ==== Enweghị ụfụfụ ==== Burpless cucumbers na-atọ ụtọ ma nwee akpụkpọ ahụ dị gịrịgịrị karịa ụdị cucumber ndị ọzọ. A na-ekwu na ọ dị mfe ịgbari ma nwee ụtọ dị mma. Ha nwere ike itolite ruo sentimita 60 (2 , ha fọrọ nke nta ka ha ghara inwe mkpụrụ, ma nwee akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro. A na-ahụkarị cucumbers parthenocarpic ndị a n'Ahịa nri, a na-ekpuchi ha na plastik. A na-ere ha dị ka ndị na-enweghị ntụpọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị enwe mkpụrụ, ebe a na-ekwu na mkpụrụ na akpụkpọ anụ nke ụdị cucumbers ndị ọzọ na-enye ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ gas.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jordan-Reilly|first=Melissa|title=Why do cucumbers upset my digestion?|url=http://www.livestrong.com/article/471722-why-do-cucumbers-upset-my-digestion/|publisher=LiveStrong.com|date=15 September 2013}}</ref> == Mmepụta == {| class="wikitable floatright" style="clear:right; width:13em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;" ! colspan="2" |Mmepụta cucumber - 2022 |- ! style="background:#ddf;" |Mba ! style="background:#ddf;" |ọtụtụ nde tọn |- | China |77.3 |- | Turkey |1.9 |- | Rọshịa |1.6 |- | Mexico |1.1 |- |'''Ụwa''' |'''94.7''' |- | colspan="2" |<small>Ebe e si nweta ya: FAOSTAT nke United Nations[[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]]</small><ref name="faostat">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title=Cucumber and gherkin production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)|date=2024|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|accessdate=10 June 2024}}</ref> |} N'afọ 2022, mmepụta ụwa nke cucumbers na gherkins bụ nde tọn 95, nke China duziri na 82% nke ngụkọta.<ref name="faostat"/> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == A zụlitere ya ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 3,000, a zụliere cucumbers ''"Cucumis sativus"'' na [[Ndia|India]] site na ọhịa "''C. sativus var. hardwickii''". <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chomicki|first=Guillaume|title=Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology|url=https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.16015|journal=New Phytologist|pages=1240–1255|language=en|doi=10.1111/nph.16015|date=June 2020|volume=226|issue=5}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weng|first=Yiqun|title=Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding|journal=Plant Breeding Reviews|date=7 January 2021|pages=79–111|doi=10.1002/9781119717003.ch4|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119717003.ch4|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bisht|first=I. S.|title=Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India|journal=The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology|date=January 2004|volume=79|issue=5|pages=783–791|doi=10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843|language=en|issn=1462-0316}}</ref> ebe a hụla ọtụtụ ụdị, tinyere onye ikwu ya kacha biri ndụ, ''Cucumis hystrix''.<ref>[[Asian News International]]. 21 July 2010. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20191205181352/http://newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/170033 Cucumber, melon's common ancestor originated in Asia]." ''NewsTrack India.'' Retrieved on 4 June 2020.</ref> Ụdị atọ dị iche iche nke cucumber bụ Eurasian cucumbers (cucumbers na-eri nri na-enweghị isi na nke na-eto eto), cucumbers nke East Asia (cucumber na-egbu egbu) na cucumbers Xishuangbanna. Dabere na modeling nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ụdị C. sativus nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia kewara site na ụdị India n'ihe dị ka afọ 2500 gara aga.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chomicki|first=Guillaume|title=Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology|journal=New Phytologist|date=June 2020|volume=226|issue=5|pages=1240–1255|doi=10.1111/nph.16015|language=en|issn=0028-646X}}</ref> O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ Ndị Gris ma ọ bụ Ndị Rom webatara ya na Europe. Ihe ndekọ nke ịkọ cucumber pụtara na [[France]] na narị afọ nke 9, England na narị afọ ya nke 14, na North America site n'etiti narị afọ nke 16. <ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/><ref name="Renner 2007">{{Cite journal|author=Renner|first=SS|year=2007|title=Phylogenetics of ''Cucumis'' (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (''C. sativus'') belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (''C. melo'')|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=7|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-58|pmid=17425784}} </ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.571|title=Taxonomic Relationships of A Rare ''Cucumis'' Species (''C. hystrix'' Chakr.) and Its Interspecific Hybrid with Cucumber|year=2006|author=Zhuang|first=Fei-Yun|journal=HortScience|volume=41|issue=3|pages=571–574}}</ref> === Alaeze Ukwu Rom === Dị ka Pliny Onye Ochie si kwuo, Eze Ukwu Taịbiriọs na-enwe cucumber na tebụl ya kwa ụbọchị n'oge ọkọchị na oge oyi. Iji nwee ya maka tebụl ya kwa ụbọchị n'afọ, a kọrọ na ndị Rom jiri usoro aka mere iji too (dị ka usoro greenhouse), ebe ''Mirrorstone'' na-ezo aka na ''lapis specularis'' nke Pliny, nke e kwenyere na ọ bụ akwụkwọ mica: <ref name="AncientInventions">{{Cite book|author=James, Peter J.|title=Ancient Inventions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmJLd3sSYecC|year=1995|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0-345-40102-1|chapter=Ch. 12, Sport and Leusure: Roman Gardening Technology}}</ref>   Akụkọ na-ekwu na a na-akụkwa ha na ''specularia'', ụlọ cucumber e ji ákwà mmanụ mee.<ref name="AncientInventions"/> Pliny kọwara mkpụrụ osisi Italian dị ka obere, ma eleghị anya dị ka gherkin. Ọ kọwakwara nkwadebe nke ọgwụ a maara dị ka ''elaterium''. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta [onye?] kwenyere na ọ na-ezo aka na ''Ecballium elaterium'', nke a maara n'oge tupu oge [[Binomial nomenclature|Linnean]] dị ka ''Cucumis silvestris'' ma ọ bụ ''Cucumis asininus'' ('cucumber ọhịa' ma ọ bụ 'cucumber nwa ehi'), ụdị dị iche na cucumber nkịtị.  Pliny dekwara banyere ọtụtụ ụdị cucumber ndị ọzọ, gụnyere cucumber a kụrụ akụ, na ọgwụgwọ sitere na ụdị dị iche iche (9 site na nke a kụrụ; 5 site na "ọbara;" na 26 site na "wild"). === Oge Ụwa Na-emepechabeghị Anya === Charlemagne nwere cucumbers na-eto n'ogige ya na narị afọ nke 8 / 9. A kọrọ na e webatara ha n'England na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na anọ, furu efu, wee weghachite ha ihe dịka afọ 250 ka e mesịrị. Ndị Spen (site n'aka onye Ịtali Christopher Columbus) wetara cucumbers na Haiti na 1494. N'afọ 1535, Jacques Cartier, onye France na-eme nchọpụta, chọtara "nnukwu cucumbers" na-eto n'ebe bụ Montreal ugbu a.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Oge Mbido nke Oge A === [[Usòrò:Trans-2,cis-6-Nonadienal.png|alt=trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal, or cucumber aldehyde|thumb|250x250px|Trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal, ma ọ bụ ''cucumber aldehyde'', bụ akụkụ nke ísì cucumbers.]] N'ime narị afọ nke iri na isii, ndị Europe na-atụ nta, ndị ahịa, ndị na-achụrụ anụ ọhịa bea, na ndị na-eme nchọpụta gbanwere ngwaahịa nke [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] American Indian. Agbụrụ ndị dị na Great Plains na Rocky Mountains mụtara site n'aka ndị Spain otu esi akụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị Europe. Ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ na Great Plains gụnyere Mandan na Abenaki. Ha nwetara cucumbers na watermelons site na ndị Spain, ma tinye ha na ihe ọkụkụ ha na-etolitelarị, gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị ọka na [[Mkpụrụ|agwa]], pumpkins, squash, na osisi gourd.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Taste, Memory: Forgotten Foods, Lost Flavors, and why They Matter|url=https://archive.org/details/tastememoryforgo0000buch|pages=[https://archive.org/details/tastememoryforgo0000buch/page/109 109]|author=Buchanan|first=David|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|location=VT, USA|isbn=9781603584401|year=2012}}</ref> Ndị Iroquois nọkwa na-azụlite ha mgbe ndị Europe mbụ letara ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Kuhnlein|first=H. V.|authorlink=Harriet V. Kuhnlein|title=Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use|publisher=Gordon and Breach|year=1996|isbn=9782881244650|location=Amsterdam, Netherlands|pages=159}}</ref> N'afọ 1630, Reverend Francis Higginson wepụtara akwụkwọ a na-akpọ New-Englands Plantation nke, na-akọwa ogige dị na Conant's Island na Boston Harbor nke a maara dị ka The Governor's Garden, ọ na-ekwu, sị: <blockquote>Obodo a jupụtara n'ụzọ okike na nchekwa nke mgbọrọgwụ nke nnukwu varietie na ihe dị mma iri. Turnips, parsnips, na karọt anyị dị ebe a ma buru ibu ma na-atọ ụtọ karịa ka a na-ahụkarị n'England. Nke a bụ ebe nchekwa nke pompions, cowcumbers, na ihe ndị ọzọ nke ụdị ahụ nke m na-amaghị...</blockquote>Na New England Prospect (1633, England), William Wood bipụtara ihe ọ chọpụtara na 1629 na America: <ref>Wood, William. (1634). "[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/47082/47082-h/47082-h.htm#Page_13 Of the Hearbes, Fruites, Woods, Waters and Mineralls]", pp. 13–18 in ''New England Prospect''. London.</ref><blockquote>{{Sic|The ground affords very good kitchin gardens, for Turneps, Parsnips, Carrots, Radishes, and Pompions, Muskmillons, Isquoter-squashes, coucumbars, Onyons, and whatever grows well in England grows as well there, many things being better and larger.}}</blockquote> [[Usòrò:Lobster,_Crab,_and_a_Cucumber_-_1891P32.jpg|thumb|Lobster, Crab, and a Cucumber nke William Henry Hunt (watercolour, 1826 ma ọ bụ 1827) ]] Na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asaa, ajọ mbunobi malitere megide akwụkwọ nri na mkpụrụ osisi a na-esighị esi. Ọtụtụ isiokwu dị na akwụkwọ ahụike nke oge a kwuru na ahịhịa ndị a na-esighị esi na-ebute ọrịa n'oge okpomọkụ ma kwesịkwa ịmachibido ụmụaka iwu. Cucumber nọgidere na-enwe aha a ruo oge na-enweghị atụ, "dị mma naanị maka oriri ehi" nke ụfọdụ kwenyere na ọ bụ ya mere o ji nweta aha ahụ, cowcumber.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup><blockquote>[T]ụbọchị ya Sir W. Batten gwara m na Maazị Newburne anwụọla n'ihi iri nri cowcumbers, nke m nụrụ banyere onye ọzọ, echere m.</blockquote>Dị ka onye edemede Britain nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ bụ Samuel Johnson si kwuo, a na-ekwukarị n'etiti ndị dọkịta Bekee na cucumber "kwesịrị ịkpụcha ya nke ọma, ma jiri ose na vinegar kpuchie ya, wee tụfuo ya, dị ka ihe efu". <ref>{{Cite book|author=Boswell|first=James|title=The Life of Samuel Johnson: Including A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, Volumen 1|date=1832|publisher=Carter, Hendee and Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fKAEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA423|accessdate=29 March 2024}}</ref> A copper etching made by Maddalena Bouchard between 1772 and 1793 shows this plant to have smaller, almost bean-shaped fruits, and small yellow flowers. The small form of the cucumber is figured in Herbals of the 16th century, however stating that "[i]f hung in a tube while in blossom, the Cucumber will grow to a most surprising length."{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} == Ihe ngosi == <gallery mode="packed"> Usòrò:Organic_Gardener_Holding_a_Fresh_Salad_Cucumber.jpg|alt=Salad cucumber|Cucumber nnu Usòrò:An_Indian_yellow_cucumber.jpg|alt=An Indian yellow cucumber|Cucumber na-acha odo odo nke India Usòrò:Kurkkuja.jpg|alt=A Scandinavian cucumber in slices|Cucumber Scandinavian na bepụrụ ya Usòrò:Cucumber_grated.jpg|alt=Grated cucumber|Cucumber na gburu egbu Usòrò:Komkommer_(Cucumis_sativus_'Gele_Tros').jpg|alt=Komkommer (Cucumis sativus 'Gele Tros')|Komkommer (''Cucumis sativus''<nowiki/>'Gele Tros') Usòrò:Hmong_cucumber.jpg|alt=A varietal grown by the Hmong people with textured skin and large seeds|Ụdị nkeNdị Hmongna-akụ na akpụkpọ ahụ na nnukwu mkpụrụ Usòrò:Lemon_cucumber_J1.JPG|alt=Lemon cucumber|Limụ Usòrò:Mizeria.jpg|alt=Dish with cucumber cut pieces (mizeria)|Nri na ji ụgbụ a pịrị apị mee (Mizeria) Usòrò:PicklingCucumbers.jpg|alt=Pickling cucumbers|Akị bekee na-eme ka ọ dị nro Usòrò:Spreewaldgurke2.jpg|Gherkins Usòrò:Persiancucumber.jpg|alt=Isfahan burpless cucumber, Iran|Cucumber na-enweghị ntụpọ nkeIsfahan,Iran Usòrò:Leaves_of_Cucumber_(a_creeping_vine_plant).jpg|alt=Leaves|Akwụkwọ osisi Usòrò:Cucumber_vine_in_New_Jersey.jpg|alt=A tendril emerges from cucumber vines to facilitate climbing|Ebe a na-etinye ihe n'ahụ n'ahụ osisi cucumber iji mee ka ọ dịrị mfe ịrịgo Usòrò:Cucumbers_growing_on_a_string_lattice_structure.jpg|alt=A string lattice supports vine growth|Ogwe eriri na-akwado uto osisi vaịn Usòrò:Cucumber_hanging_on_the_vine.JPG|alt=A bulb-shaped cucumber hanging on the vine|Cucumber dị ka[[vine]]" data-linkid="586" href=". /Bulb" id="mw4" rel="mw:WikiLink" aha="Bulb"&amp;gt;bulb na-ese n'elu osisi vaịn </gallery> == Hụkwa ==   == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fa9ic5th4tlpiwonq22p4b6iyppmid5 0 50139 743860 623575 2026-11-08T04:25:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743860 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Dmitriy Bocharov (cropped).jpg|thumb|Dmitriy Bocharov]] '''Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Bocharov''' ( Uzbek ; amuru 6 June 2002) bu onye oso ugboala n'okporo uzo Uzbekistan, onye na-agba ugbua maka ndi otu UCI Continental Tashkent City Professional Cycling Team . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uci.org/rider-details/643840|title=Dmitriy Bocharov|work=UCI.org|accessdate=16 July 2024}}</ref> Na Julaị 2024, ahọpụtara ka ọ bụrụ asọmpi n'ọsọ okporo ụzọ na 2024 Summer Olympics . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.uz/news/view/cycling-the-name-of-the-athlete-who-will-take-part-in-the-olympic-games-in-paris-has-been-announced-06-07-2024|title=Cycling. The name of the athlete who will take part in the Olympic Games in Paris has been announced|work=sports.uz|date=6 July 2024|accessdate=16 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217202822/https://sports.uz/news/view/cycling-the-name-of-the-athlete-who-will-take-part-in-the-olympic-games-in-paris-has-been-announced-06-07-2024|archive-date=17 December 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị asọmpi, kama ọ bụ [[Nikita Tsvetkov]] nọchiri ya. == Nnukwu nsonaazụ == == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bocharov, Dmitriy}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] j13d624gy0q5xc2c9l2yioqcgp0csue 0 52502 743814 720344 2026-11-07T17:06:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Aurora Aksnes''' (  ) (amụrụ 15 June 1996), <ref name="DB20190629">{{Cite book|author=Silje Kathrine Sviggum|url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digavis_dagbladet_null_null_20190629_151_147_1|title=Magasinet, vedlegg til Dagbladet 2019.06.29|location=Oslo|pages=28–35|language=no|chapter=En fri fugl|accessdate=24 December 2019}}</ref> nke a na-akpọ mononymously dị ka '''Aurora''' (nke a na-eme na caps niile), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/1WgXqy2Dd70QQOU7Ay074N|title=AURORA|work=Spotify|accessdate=1 December 2019|archivedate=20 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220235831/https://open.spotify.com/artist/1WgXqy2Dd70QQOU7Ay074N}}</ref> bụ onye na-agụ egwú Norwegian, onye na-ede abụ na onye na-edekọ ihe. Amụrụ na Stavanger ma zụlite na obodo Høle na Os, ọ malitere ide abụ mbụ ya na ịmụ ịgba egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. Mgbe etinyere ụfọdụ egwu ya na ntanetị wee bụrụ onye a ma ama na Norway, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Petroleum Records, Decca na Glassnote Records <ref>{{Cite web|title=Slik ble Aurora til|url=https://www.ballade.no/populaermusikk/slik-ble-aurora-til/|publisher=ballade.no|author=Olette Klausen|first=Aslaug|date=27 November 2015|accessdate=27 November 2015|archivedate=27 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927144018/https://www.ballade.no/populaermusikk/slik-ble-aurora-til/}}</ref> na 2014. Aurora nwetara nkwanye ùgwù na egwuregwu mpụta mbụ ya (EP), ''Na-agba ọsọ na Wolves'' (2015), nke nwere onye na-ehi ụra kụrụ " Runaway ". Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, o nyere egwu nkwado maka mgbasa ozi ekeresimesi John Lewis, na-abụ abụ mkpuchi nke egwu Oasis " Half the World Away ". Ndekọ studio mpụta mbụ nke Aurora, ''Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ m niile na-ekele m dị ka enyi'' (2016) nwetara nlebanya dị mma n'ozuzu ya, na-esetịpụ na mba Europe dị iche iche yana nweta asambodo platinum ugboro abụọ na Norway. Album Studio ya nke abụọ ''Ọrịa nke ụdị dị iche (nzọụkwụ 1)'' (2018) bụ akụkụ mbụ nke ọba abụọ, ebe akụkụ nke abụọ bụ album studio nke atọ ya, ''ụdị mmadụ dị iche (nzọụkwụ 2)'' (2019). E wepụtara album studio nke anọ ya ''The Gods Anyị Pụrụ Imetụ'' na 21 Jenụwarị 2022. Aurora wepụtara album studio nke ise ya, ''Gịnị mere Obi?'' , na 7 June 2024. Egwu ya bụ nke mbụ electropop, folk, and art pop nwere ụda olu akpọrọ " [[wiktionary:en:ethereal|ethereal]] ". Ọ na-akpọ piano naanị na mmalite nke ọrụ ya, ma emesịa tinye onwe ya n'ọgba egwu na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mmepụta egwu. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ solo ya, Aurora ejiriwo aka na-edekọ abụ maka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe, gụnyere Askjell, Sub Urban, Sondre Lerche, Tom Odell na Chemical Brothers . O nyewokwa aka na ụda ụda maka ọtụtụ fim, usoro telivishọn na franchises egwuregwu vidiyo, gụnyere ''Girls'', ''Frozen II'', ''Wolfwalkers ,'' Netflix 's live-action <nowiki><i id="mwSQ">One Piece</i></nowiki> series, ''Mass Effect: Andromeda'', ''Sky: Children of the Light'', na ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' . Na 2022 Aurora na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ onye na-ede ihe nkiri Hanz Zimmer, na-enye ọrụ olu maka ụda ụda ''Frozen Planet II'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Frozen Planet II - Original Television Soundtrack|url=https://propermusic.com/products/hanszimmeradamlukasjameseveringhamfeataurora-frozenplanetiioriginaltelevisionsoundtrack?srsltid=AfmBOopoS1M0uBxwo_5fNKM55Uzs3ulmxgJyAftP8tu3I_gLXdhpbbwk|accessdate=2024-09-09|work=Proper Music|language=en}}</ref> Ha jikọtara ọnụ mere 'Welcome Home' na Royal Albert Hall dị ka akụkụ nke BBCs Earth Proms. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daly|first=Rhian|date=2022-08-30|title=Watch AURORA perform with Hans Zimmer at Earth Prom 2022|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-aurora-perform-with-hans-zimmer-at-earth-prom-2022-3300817|accessdate=2024-09-09|work=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == [[Usòrò:Lysefjorden,_Hordaland.JPG|thumb| Echiche nke [[:no:Lysefjorden (Hordaland)|Lysefjord]] na Os ebe Aurora zụlitere]] A mụrụ Aurora na 15 June 1996 na Stavanger University Hospital na Stavanger, ọdụdụ nwa n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nye midwife May Britt ( née Froastad) na onye na-ere ahịa ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ Jan Øystein Aksnes. <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|date=26 August 2016|title=– Eg trur eg har noko av magien frå Høle med på mi reise ut i verda / Aurora budde sine fyrste år i Sandnes|url=http://sandnesposten.no/kultur/eg-trur-eg-har-noko-av-magien-fra-hole-med-pa-mi-reise-ut-i-verda/19.12245|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826053115/http://sandnesposten.no/kultur/eg-trur-eg-har-noko-av-magien-fra-hole-med-pa-mi-reise-ut-i-verda/19.12245|archivedate=26 August 2016|accessdate=18 October 2019|work=sandnesposten.no|language=no}}</ref> Nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye, Miranda, bụ onye na-ese etemeete na onye nkuzi mbụ. Nwanne ya nwanyị nke ọzọ bụ Viktoria bụ onye mmebe ejiji, onye na-ese ihe, na onye na-ede blọgụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Victoria Aksnes|url=https://studioboi.no/VIKTORIA-AKSNES-1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101042114/https://studioboi.no/VIKTORIA-AKSNES-1|archivedate=1 November 2019|accessdate=1 November 2019|work=Studio Boi}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ afọ atọ mbụ ya na Høle, obere obodo ebe nne na nna ya biri afọ iri na ise. <ref name="auto5" /> Na Høle, Aurora zụlitere mmasị ya maka okike, ịbụ abụ, na uwe ọdịnala, dị ka okpu na uwe ogologo. <ref name="auto5" /> Mgbe e mesịrị, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ Norway, <ref name="auto5" /> n'otu ụlọ dị n'obere obodo Drange, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bt.no/kultur/i/x8dy0Q/aa-bli-kjemperik-virker-saa-forraatnende-for-sjelen|title=Å bli kjemperik virker så forråtnende for sjelen|work=[[Bergens Tidende]]|date=3 February 2022|accessdate=9 February 2024|language=no}}</ref> nke dị n'ime ọhịa nke ugwu Os, obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ na Hordaland, na nso Bergen na [[:no:Lysefjorden (Hordaland)|Lysefjord]] ( fjord nke sụgharịrị). na "fjord nke ìhè"). <ref name="wyp-magazine">{{Cite web|url=https://www.myp-magazine.com/interview/aurora-a-beautiful-soul/|title=A Beautiful Soul|accessdate=27 November 2020|author=Weiß|first=Katharina|date=19 August 2019|work=MYP Magazine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005091157/https://www.myp-magazine.com/interview/aurora-a-beautiful-soul/|archivedate=5 October 2020}}</ref> Aurora kwuru banyere ebe a, sị: "Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ ala, okporo ụzọ ndị ahụ dị ntakịrị ma dị njọ, na ọtụtụ osisi dị n'ebe nile; ọ dị jụụ, na ịntanetị adịghị mma." <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jupp|first=Emily|date=14 March 2016|title=Singer Aurora on her debut album and the John Lewis Christmas advert|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/aurora-on-her-debut-album-john-lewis-christmas-advert-and-remote-upbringing-a6930691.html|accessdate=18 October 2019|work=The Independent|archivedate=14 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314171248/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/aurora-on-her-debut-album-john-lewis-christmas-advert-and-remote-upbringing-a6930691.html}}</ref> O jikwa ya tụnyere ala akụkọ ifo nke Narnia . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|author=Petrarca|first=Emilia|date=24 July 2016|title=Meet Aurora, the Mythical Lovechild of Björk and Grimes|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/aurora-music-panorama|accessdate=18 October 2019|work=W Magazine|archivedate=25 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725145035/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/aurora-music-panorama}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rennert|first=Jenna|date=23 July 2016|title=Meet the Rising Pop Star With "Norwegian Viking Hair" That's Bringing Back the Stealth Buzzcut|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/music-festival-panorama-artists-aurora|accessdate=18 October 2019|work=Vogue|archivedate=12 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212091435/https://www.vogue.com/article/music-festival-panorama-artists-aurora}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === 2012–2016: ''Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ m niile na-ekele m dịka enyi'' === [[Usòrò:AURORA_2015.jpg|thumb| Aurora na Green Man Festival na 2015]] Aurora weputara onwe ya egwu "Puppet" ka ọ na-alụ ọhụrụ na December 2012 n'okpuru aha ọmụmụ ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.midtsiden.no/debutant-til-topps-pa-urort|title=Debutant til topps på Urørt|accessdate=1 November 2020|author=Vasby Bruarøy|first=Kjetil|date=16 December 2012|work=Midtsiden.no|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421030959/https://www.midtsiden.no/debutant-til-topps-pa-urort|archivedate=21 April 2016}}</ref> Aurora wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ide abụ ya ihe dị ka otu afọ tupu ya enye ya "arụmọrụ mbụ kwesịrị ekwesị ndụ" na Nabovarsel Minifestival na Bergen . Otu ya nke abụọ, "Mwelite", sochiri na Machị 2014, nke ghọrọ nke mbụ ewepụtara n'okpuru aha ogbo Aurora. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/awakening-single/id845290734|title=''Awakening''- Single by AURORA|accessdate=12 February 2017|language=en|work=iTunes Apple|date=23 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212132908/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/awakening-single/id845290734|archivedate=12 February 2017}}</ref> Otu nke atọ ya "N'okpuru Stars" bụ nke mbụ bịanyere aka na aha ya Glassnote Records na Decca Records, wepụtara na November 2014. Egwu abụọ ahụ debere ya dị ka "Onye na-ekwe nkwa" nke 2015 wee nweta nyocha ndị nkatọ na Europe na United States, karịsịa maka olu ya. <ref name=":47">{{Cite web|url=http://kurttrowbridge.com/music/class-of-2015-40-promising-artists-to-watch-this-year/|title=Class Of 2015: 40 promising artists to watch this year|accessdate=12 February 2017|date=14 January 2015|work=KurtTrowbridge.com|archivedate=13 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213002058/http://kurttrowbridge.com/music/class-of-2015-40-promising-artists-to-watch-this-year/}}</ref> <ref name=":53">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/sabla-sceneglad/61045805|title=Sabla sceneglad!|accessdate=21 April 2021|author=Hvidsten|first=Sigrid|date=1 July 2014|work=Dagbladet.no|language=no|archivedate=21 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121223943/https://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/sabla-sceneglad/61045805}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.electronicbeats.net/artist/aurora/|title=AURORA|accessdate=12 February 2017|work=Electronic Beats|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212134654/http://www.electronicbeats.net/artist/aurora/#continue_reading|archivedate=12 February 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2015/04/soundtrack-to-your-wilderness-fantasy.html|title=The Soundtrack to Your Wilderness Fantasy|accessdate=12 February 2017|author=Rodriguez|first=Leah|date=April 2015|work=NYMAG.com|archivedate=21 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121233557/https://www.thecut.com/2015/04/soundtrack-to-your-wilderness-fantasy.html}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ otu "Runaway" ọzọ ya na February 2015 wee nweta nlebara anya n'aka ndị ọbụ abụ Katy Perry na Troye Sivan . Otu ya na-esote, "Na-agba ọsọ na Wolves" ka ewepụtara n'April 2015, ma wepụta vidiyo egwu ya ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị. Egwu ahụ nwetara nlebara anya site na ụlọ ọrụ redio BBC . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n3pgb4|title=Running With The Wolves – Aurora Song|accessdate=11 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123044754/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n3pgb4|archivedate=23 November 2018|language=gd}}</ref> E wepụtara ya n'akụkụ ọkwa nke ntọhapụ nke mbụ ya EP ''Na-agba ọsọ na Wolves'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chen|first=Jonathan|date=9 April 2015|title=Aurora Announces Debut EP Titled Running with the Wolves|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/04/aurora-announces-debut-ep-titled-running-with-the.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135945/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/04/aurora-announces-debut-ep-titled-running-with-the.html|archivedate=12 June 2018|accessdate=17 April 2018|work=Paste Magazine}}</ref> Ewepụtara na Mee 2015 na nyiwe dijitalụ, EP nwetara nyocha dị mma site na blọọgụ egwu ịntanetị na akwụkwọ akụkọ mba. Iji kwalite EP, ọ pụtara na ememme okpomọkụ dị ka Way Out West, Wilderness, na Green Man Festival . Aurora na-esote otu, "Murder Song (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)", ka ewepụtara na Septemba 2015 wee nweta nkwado na mgbasa ozi mba, na redio mba, na blọgụ egwu ịntanetị na-ewu ewu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Butler|first=Will|date=25 August 2015|title=Check out chilling 'Murder Song' from Norwegian singer, Aurora|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/102384/norwegian-singer-aurora-releases-murder-song|work=gigwise.com|accessdate=24 September 2015|archivedate=6 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006212943/https://www.gigwise.com/news/102384/norwegian-singer-aurora-releases-murder-song}}</ref> Aurora mekwara na 2015 Nobel Peace Prize Concert, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Harshavardan|first=Rathan|title=Album Review: Aurora – 'All My Demons Greeting Me As A Friend'|url=https://culturedvultures.com/album-review-aurora-all-my-demons-greeting-me-as-a-friend/|work=Cultured Vultures|accessdate=1 November 2019|date=18 March 2016|archivedate=1 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101025039/https://culturedvultures.com/album-review-aurora-all-my-demons-greeting-me-as-a-friend/}}</ref> na-ekwu na ya na ezinụlọ ya "na-eso ya site na ọnụ ụlọ dị n'ụlọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ", na "ọ bụ ihe mara mma na-enweghị atụ ịbụ akụkụ nke. " <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ba.no/nyheter/a-ha-og-aurora-aksnes-til-nobels-fredspriskonsert/s/5-8-183129|title=A-ha og Aurora Aksnes til Nobels fredspriskonsert|work=[[Bergensavisen]]|date=26 October 2015|accessdate=11 December 2021}}</ref> Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jay Leno toro ihe ngosi ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Bjørnstad|first=Silje|url=https://www.klikk.no/underholdning/pa-twitter---aerlig-talt-morten---du-kunne-ha-kosta-pa-deg-ei-penskjorte-til-nobelkonserten-4565225|title=På Twitter: – Ærlig talt, Morten – du kunne ha kosta på deg ei penskjorte til Nobelkonserten|work=Klikk.no|date=11 December 2015|accessdate=5 December 2021|archivedate=21 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121224004/https://www.klikk.no/underholdning/pa-twitter---aerlig-talt-morten---du-kunne-ha-kosta-pa-deg-ei-penskjorte-til-nobelkonserten-4565225}}</ref> O meela ihe ngosi isi akụkọ rere ere na London wee kwado Of Monsters and Men na Brixton Academy na Nọvemba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2015|title=Of Monsters & Men hit the road with Highasakite & Aurora!|url=http://nordicplaylist.com/of-monsters-and-men-tour-london-highasakite-aurora/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815065203/http://nordicplaylist.com/of-monsters-and-men-tour-london-highasakite-aurora/|archivedate=15 August 2016|accessdate=27 June 2016|work=Nordic Playlist}}</ref> Aurora dekọtara mkpuchi nke egwu Oasis " Half the World Away " maka mgbasa ozi ekeresimesi 2015 John Lewis . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Britton|first=Luke Morgan|date=6 November 2015|title=Norwegian singer Aurora covers Oasis' 'Half The World Away' for John Lewis Christmas advert – watch|url=https://www.nme.com/news/oasis/89530|work=NME|accessdate=21 April 2020|archivedate=23 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623214722/http://www.nme.com/news/oasis/89530}}</ref> Otu nwa ya na-esote, akpọrọ "Onye Mmeri", wepụtara na Jenụwarị 2016, ma wepụta vidiyo egwu n'ọnwa na-eso ya. Tupu otu ntọhapụ, egwu ahụ pụtara na ụda ụda nke egwuregwu vidiyo FIFA 16 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bigtop40.com/features/fifa-16-soundtrack/|title=The FIFA 16 Soundtrack Has Finally Arrived|work=[[Big Top 40]]|accessdate=11 December 2021|archivedate=16 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216042402/https://www.bigtop40.com/features/fifa-16-soundtrack/}}</ref> == Njegharị == * Na-agba ọsọ na njem Wolves (2015) * Njem ndị mmụọ ọjọọ m niile (2016) * Ọrịa nke njegharị ụdị dị iche iche (2018) * Ụdị njem mmadụ dị iche iche (2019) * Chi ndị anyị nwere ike imetụ njem nlegharị anya (2022–2023) * Gịnị Mere Ụwa? (2024–2025) == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" ! scope="row" |Year ! scope="row" |Organisation ! scope="row" |Award ! scope="row" |Work ! scope="row" |Result ! scope="row" |{{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2014 |P3 Gull |Årets Nykommer (Newcomer of the Year) |Herself | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://p3.no/musikk/dette-er-de-nominerte-til-p3-gull-2014/|title=Dette er de nominerte til P3 Gull 2014|work=P3.no|accessdate=23 November 2021|language=no|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127004741/https://p3.no/musikk/dette-er-de-nominerte-til-p3-gull-2014/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 | rowspan="2" |EBBA Awards '16<br /><br />{{small|by [[Eurosonic Noorderslag]]}} |Album of the Year: Norway |''Running with the Wolves'' | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.europeanborderbreakersawards.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/ebba/news/AURORA-wins-EBBA-ebba16-pb-02-en.pdf|title=AURORA announced as second winner of 2016 European Border Breakers Awards (EBBA) for pop, rock and dance music|date=12 October 2015|work=European Border Breakers Awards (EBBA)|accessdate=18 October 2017}}</ref> |- |Public Choice Award | rowspan="5" |Herself | {{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2016 | rowspan="2" |Spellemannprisen '15 |Årets Nykommer (Newcomer of the Year) | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ba.no/os/kultur/skole/osingene-hyller-aurora/s/5-8-288819|title=Osingene hyller Aurora|accessdate=18 February 2017|date=26 February 2016|language=no|work=Bergen Savisen|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218141457/https://www.ba.no/os/kultur/skole/osingene-hyller-aurora/s/5-8-288819|archivedate=18 February 2017}}</ref> |- |Gramo scholarship | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jajajamusic.com/2016/02/norwgian-spellemann-prisen-prize-winners-2016/|title=This Years' Spellemann Prize goes to...|accessdate=18 October 2017|work=jajajamusic.com|date=February 2016|archivedate=19 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019003527/https://jajajamusic.com/2016/02/norwgian-spellemann-prisen-prize-winners-2016/}}</ref> |- |MTV Europe Music Awards |Best Norwegian Act | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaffa.no/nyhet/112394/mtv-european-music-awards-2016-vinnerne|title=MTV European Music Awards 2016: Vinnerne|accessdate=18 October 2017|date=7 November 2016|work=Gaffa.no|language=no|archivedate=19 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019005419/http://gaffa.no/nyhet/112394/mtv-european-music-awards-2016-vinnerne}}</ref> |- |YouTube Creator Awards |Silver Creator Awards | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004502/2016/1/|title=Youtube Creator Awards 2016|work=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=11 December 2021|archivedate=16 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216042400/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004502/2016/1/}}</ref> |- |GAFFA-Prisen |Årets Norske Album | rowspan="3" |''All My Demons Greeting Me as a Friend'' | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaffa.no/nyhet/102579/gaffa-prisen-2015-og-vinnerne-er|title=GAFFA-Prisen 2015: Og vinnerne er...|accessdate=20 October 2017|date=1 May 2016|work=GAFFA.no|language=no|archivedate=21 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021005137/http://gaffa.no/nyhet/102579/gaffa-prisen-2015-og-vinnerne-er}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2017 | rowspan="3" |Spellemannprisen '16 |Popsolist (Pop Solo Artist) | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="spellemannprisen-16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/marcus-og-martinus-ble-arets-spellemenn-1.13347948|title=Marcus og Martinus ble Årets Spellemenn|accessdate=2 March 2017|date=30 January 2017|language=no|work=[[NRK]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302074232/https://www.nrk.no/kultur/marcus-og-martinus-ble-arets-spellemenn-1.13347948|archivedate=2 March 2017}}</ref> |- |Årets Album (Album of the Year) | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spellemann.no/arets-nominerte-2016/|title=Årets Nominerte (2016)|work=Spelleman.no|accessdate=14 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207185224/https://spellemann.no/arets-nominerte-2016/|archivedate=7 February 2019}}</ref> |- |Årets Musikkvideo (Music Video of the Year) |"I Went Too Far" | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="spellemannprisen-16" /> |- |Guild of Music Supervisors Awards |Best Song/Recording Created for Television |"Life on Mars" (''Girls'': Episode 505) | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/guild-music-supervisors-awards-2018-winners-1078504|title=Guild of Music Supervisors Awards: Winners List|accessdate=14 June 2018|author=Waters|first=Michael|date=9 February 2018|work=The Hollywood Reporter|archivedate=9 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209220220/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/guild-music-supervisors-awards-2018-winners-1078504}}</ref> |- |2018 |Spellemannprisen '17 |Music Video of the Year |"Queendom" | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikknyheter.no/nyheter/19346/Vinnere-Spellemannprisen-2018.html|title=Vinnere Spellemannprisen 2018|accessdate=8 May 2019|date=31 May 2019|work=Musikknyheter.no|language=no|archivedate=8 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508151025/http://www.musikknyheter.no/nyheter/19346/Vinnere-Spellemannprisen-2018.html}}</ref> |- |2019 |GAFFA-Prisen |Årets Norske Soloartist (Norwegian Solo Artist of the Year) | rowspan="1" |Herself | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaffa.no/musikk/artikler/197165/noen-priser-blir-jeg-nok-trett-av-a-vinne-men-ikke-akkurat-denne/|title=– Noen priser blir jeg nok trett av å vinne, men ikke akkurat denne|accessdate=20 July 2024|date=21 January 2019|work=GAFFA.no|language=no|archivedate=31 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831223632/https://gaffa.no/musikk/artikler/197165/noen-priser-blir-jeg-nok-trett-av-a-vinne-men-ikke-akkurat-denne/}}</ref> |- |2020 |Spellemannprisen '19 |Årets Internasjonale Suksess (International Success of the Year) | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spellemann.no/nominerte/|title=Nominerte – 2019|accessdate=7 May 2020|work=Spelleman.no|date=3 September 2019|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507122927/https://spellemann.no/nominerte/|archivedate=7 May 2020}}</ref> |- |2021 |P3 Gull |Årets artist (Artist of the Year) | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://p3.no/p3-gull-2021-disse-er-nominert-til-arets-artist/|title=Disse er nominert til "Årets artist": – Jeg beundrer alle de nominerte!|accessdate=5 December 2021|work=NRK P3|date=16 November 2021|language=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127021353/https://p3.no/p3-gull-2021-disse-er-nominert-til-arets-artist/|archive-date=27 November 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |Spellemannprisen '21 |Årets Internasjonale Suksess (International Success of the Year) | rowspan="1" |Herself | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spellemann.no/nominerte/|title=Won – 2022|accessdate=7 May 2020|work=Spelleman.no|date=7 May 2022|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507122927/https://spellemann.no/nominerte/|archivedate=7 May 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2nd NYX Awards '21 |Marketing / Advertising Campaigns – Original Song | rowspan="3" |Everything Matters | {{Won}} | |- |Branded Content – Original Song |{{Won}} | |- |Cresta Awards |Use of Music | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cresta-awards.com/|title=Cresta awards 2022 winners|accessdate=26 October 2022}}</ref> |- |UK Music Video Awards |Best Live Video |"A Touch of the Divine" | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2022/09/28/uk-music-video-awards-2022-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/78564|title=UK Music Video Awards 2022: All the nominations for this year's UKMVAs &#124; News|accessdate=19 October 2022|archivedate=12 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112170315/https://www.promonews.tv/news/2022/09/28/uk-music-video-awards-2022-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/78564}}</ref> |- |P3 Gull |Honorary |Herself | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://p3.no/p3gull/|title=P3 Gull|accessdate=12 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318082248/https://p3.no/p3gull/|archive-date=18 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2023 | rowspan="3" |Spellemannprisen '22 |Pop | rowspan="1" |The Gods We Can Touch | {{Nom}} | |- |Årets Produsent (Producer of the Year) | rowspan="1" |AURORA and Magnus Skylstad | {{Nom}} | |- |Årets Musikkvideo (Music Video of the Year) | rowspan="1" |A Temporary High | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spellemann.no/her-er-de-nominerte-til-spellemann-2022/|title=Nom – 2022|accessdate=7 May 2020|work=Spelleman.no|date=7 May 2022|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305202035/https://spellemann.no/her-er-de-nominerte-til-spellemann-2022/|archivedate=5 March 2023}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | Webby Awards |Best Realtime Experience Metaverse, Immersive & Virtual | rowspan="1" |Sky: Children of the Light Season of AURORA | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://winners.webbyawards.com/2023/metaverse-immersive-virtual/virtual-video-features/best-realtime-experience/255950/thatgamecompanys-aurora-concert-in-sky-children-of-the-light|title=Win – 2023|accessdate=7 May 2020|work=Spelleman.no|date=7 May 2022|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426172102/https://winners.webbyawards.com/2023/metaverse-immersive-virtual/virtual-video-features/best-realtime-experience/255950/thatgamecompanys-aurora-concert-in-sky-children-of-the-light|archivedate=26 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Music+Sound Awards |Best Original Composition in a Video Game Trailer | rowspan="1" |Hunting Shadows | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 Composition Finalists|url=http://www.masawards.com/2023-composition-finalists|accessdate=2023-11-21|work=Music+Sound Awards|language=en-GB|archivedate=5 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105101621/http://www.masawards.com/2023-composition-finalists}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 Composition Winners|url=http://www.masawards.com/2023-composition-winners|accessdate=2023-11-21|work=Music+Sound Awards|language=en-GB|archivedate=4 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104142619/http://www.masawards.com/2023-composition-winners}}</ref> |- |2024 |Tise Awards |Cultural Profile of the Year |Herself | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tise.com/editorials/1c0a87af-dbfe-42b8-acde-45df050f80c0|title=The winners of Tise Awards 2024|accessdate=2024-04-27|date=27 April 2024|work=tise.com|language=no|archivedate=2019-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508151025/http://tise.com/editorials/1c0a87af-dbfe-42b8-acde-45df050f80c0}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2024}} |- |} * 8 Eprel 2014: Nkà mmụta nke 50,000 kroner sitere na Festivalen site Larm's Forbildepriser ("Role Model Award") <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikk.no/nmr/nyheter/forbildepr1/|title=Forbildepriser til kvinnene i musikklivet|date=8 April 2014|work=Norsk musikkråd|publisher=Norwegian Music Council|language=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714062025/http://www.musikk.no/nmr/nyheter/forbildepr1/|archivedate=14 July 2014|accessdate=27 April 2017}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * Official website * {{IMDb name|7828788}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{s-bef|before=[[Emilie Nicolas]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Recipient of the newcomer [[Spellemannprisen]]|years=2015}} {{s-aft|after=[[Astrid S]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Susanne Sundfør]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Recipient of the pop artist [[Spellemannprisen]]|years=2016}} {{s-aft|after=[[Cashmere Cat]]}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] onzduum6010qi5dvgczpxfibvjuzdnq 0 56133 743804 443072 2026-11-07T14:51:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Southern Qiang|region=[[Sichuan Province]]|speakers={{sigfig|81,300|2}}|date=1999|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]|fam3=[[Qiangic languages|Qiangic]]|fam4=[[Qiang language|Qiang]]|iso3=qxs|notice=IPA}} '''Southern Qiang''' bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nke ngalaba Qiangic nke ihe ruru mmadụ 81,300 na-asụ n'akụkụ Minjiang ( Chinese ) osimiri dị na Sichuan Province, [[China]] . Olumba ndịda Qiang na-echekwa mgbanwe aha aha mgbe ochie, ebe ha na-apụ n'anya na Northern Qiang. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Guillaume|first=Jacques|title=A shared suppletive pattern in the pronominal systems of Chang Naga and Southern Qiang|journal=Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale|date=2007|volume=36|issue=1|url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00200873v2/document}}</ref> N'adịghị ka ndị ikwu ya na Northern Qiang, Southern Qiang bụ asụsụ ụda olu . == Olumba ndịda Qiang == A na-asụ Southern Qiang na mpaghara Li (na Taoping{{Lang|zh|桃坪}}, wdg), Wenchuan County (na Longxi{{Lang|zh|龙溪}}, [[Luobozhai, Wenchuan County|Luobozhai]]{{Lang|zh|萝卜寨}}, Miansi{{Lang|zh|绵虒}}, wdg), na akụkụ nke Mao County . Ọ nwere olumba asaa: Dajishan, Taoping, Longxi, Mianchi, Heihu, Sanlong, na Jiaochang, ndị dị nnọọ iche na enweghị nghọta. Aha ndị a hụrụ n'akwụkwọ [[Asụsụ adịgboroja|ochie]] maka asụsụ ndịda Qiang gụnyere ''Lofuchai'' ( ''Lophuchai'', ''Lopu Chai'' ) maka Luobozhai ({{Lang|zh|萝卜寨}} ); ''Wagsod'' ( ''Wa-gsod'', ''Waszu'' ) maka Wasi ({{Lang|zh|瓦寺}}) na Heping nke oge a ({{Lang|zh|河坪}}); <ref>{{Cite book|title=Contributions to Sino-Tibetan Studies|date=1986|publisher=E.J. Brill|isbn=90-04-07850-9|editor=McCoy|location=Leiden|pages=40, 65|language=en}}</ref> na ''Outside/Out Mantse'' ( ''Man-tzŭ'' ), nwere ike sitere na okwu maka "ndị na-eme ihe ike", sitere na Chinese ma {{Lang|bo|སྨན་རྩེ}} bụ sitere na Tibet ( Wylie : ''sman tse'' ). <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sun|first=Jackson T.-S.|date=1992|title=Review of Zangmianyu Yuyin He Cihui "Tibeto-Burman Phonology and Lexicon"|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sun1992review.pdf|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|language=en|volume=15|issue=2|pages=76–77|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112200228/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/sun1992review.pdf|archive-date=2022-01-12|access-date=2025-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Yule|first=Henry|title=Memoir of Captain W. Gill, R.E. ; and, Introductory essay, as prefixed to the new edition of the 'River of golden sand'|date=1884|publisher=J. Murray|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924023251675|accessdate=24 January 2025|pages=125–128}}</ref> Asụsụ ndịda Qiang nke obodo Puxi ka edepụtala nke ọma site na Huang (2007). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Huang|first=Chenglong 黄成龙|title=Púxī Qiāngyǔ yánjiū|date=2007|publisher=Minzu chubanshe|isbn=978-7-105-08977-2|location=Beijing shi|language=zh}}</ref> Liu (1998) gbakwụnye Sānlóng ( Chinese ) na Jiàocháng (較場) dị ka obere olumba ndịda. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Liu|first=Guangkun 刘光坤|title=Máwō Qiāngyǔ yánjiū|date=1998|publisher=Sichuan minzu chubanshe|isbn=7-5409-2116-1|location=Chengdu|language=zh}}</ref> Sims (2016) na-akọwa Southern Qiang dị ka otu ndị mepụtara iji suffixes nkwekọrịta n'akụkụ zuru oke, ebe Northern Qiang na-ejigide prefixes nghazi dị ka akara. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sims|first=N.|date=2016|title=Towards a More Comprehensive Understanding of Qiang Dialectology|url=https://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/item/en?act=journal&code=download&article_id=532|journal=Language and Linguistics|language=en|volume=17|issue=3|pages=351–381|doi=10.1177/1606822X15586685}}</ref> Mgbakwunye ndị a nyekwara ntọala maka ịkewa olumba onye ọ bụla, dị ka akọwara n'okpuru ''n'akwụkwọ edemede'' . ; Ndịda Qiang * 'n'ime' *ji innovation subgroup ** North Wenchuan : ''Longxi''龙溪乡 ** South Wenchuan : ''Miansi''绵虒镇 * 'ala' *ɚ obere otu ọhụrụ ọhụrụ ** Western Lixian : ''Puxi''蒲溪乡, ''Xuecheng''薛城镇, ''Muka''木卡乡, ''Jiuzi''九子村 ** Eastern Lixian : ''Taoping''桃坪乡, ''Tonghua''通化乡 == fonology == E gosipụtara consonants nke Southern Qiang na tebụl n'okpuru: <ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Southern Qiang consonants ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" |Dental ! rowspan="2" |Retroflex ! rowspan="2" |Palato-<nowiki><br id="mwjQ"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Uvular |- !{{small|plain}} !{{small|[[Sibilant consonant|sibilant]]}} |- ! rowspan="3" |Stop/<br /><br />Affricate !<small>voiceless</small> |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} |{{IPA link|ts}} |{{IPA link|ʈʂ}} |{{IPA link|tʃ}} |{{IPA link|tɕ}} |{{IPA link|k}} |{{IPA link|q}} |- !<small>aspirated</small> |{{IPA link|pʰ}} |{{IPA link|tʰ}} |{{IPA link|tsʰ}} |{{IPA link|ʈʂʰ}} |{{IPA link|tʃʰ}} |{{IPA link|tɕʰ}} |{{IPA link|kʰ}} |{{IPA link|qʰ}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|d}} |{{IPA link|dz}} |{{IPA link|ɖʐ}} |{{IPA link|dʒ}} |{{IPA link|dʑ}} |{{IPA link|ɡ}} |{{IPA link|ɢ}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> |{{IPA link|f}} | |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|ʂ}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} |{{IPA link|ɕ}} |({{IPA link|x}}) |{{IPA link|χ}} |- !<small>voiced</small> | | |{{IPA link|z}} |{{IPA link|ʐ}} |{{IPA link|ʒ}} |{{IPA link|ʑ}} |({{IPA link|ɣ}}) |{{IPA link|ʁ}} |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | | | |{{IPA link|ɲ}} |{{IPA link|ŋ}} | |- ! colspan="2" |Approximant | |{{IPA link|l}} | | | |{{IPA link|j}}, {{IPA link|ɥ}} |{{IPA link|w}} | |} * {{IPA|/χ ʁ/}} are heard as velar {{IPA|[x ɣ]}} before front vowels. * {{IPA|/f/}} is also heard as a bilabial {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. E gosipụtara ụdaume nke Southern Qiang na tebụl n'okpuru: <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Sun|first=Hongkai 孙宏开|title=Qiāngyǔ jiǎnzhì|date=1981|publisher=Minzu chubanshe|language=zh}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSun1981">Sun, Hongkai 孙宏开 (1981). ''Qiāngyǔ jiǎnzhì'' <bdi lang="zh">羌语简志</bdi> (in Chinese). Minzu chubanshe.</cite> [[Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)]] [[Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)]]</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Ụdaume Southern Qiang ! ! N'ihu ! Central ! Azu |- ! Mechie | i y | | u |- ! N'etiti | e | ə ə˞ | o |- ! Mepee | | a | ɑ |- ! syllabic | | ɹ̩ | |} * Udaume {{IPA|/e u/}} nwekwara ike ịnụ ka {{IPA|[ɛ ʉ]}} . === Ụda === Olumba ndịda Qiang nwere ụda dịgasị iche iche. Ụda a na-abawanye ụba ma dị iche ka olumba si na mpaghara ugwu. Evans (2001) depụtara usoro ụda olu ndị a: <ref>{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=Jonathan P.|title=Contact-Induced Tonogenesis in Southern Qiang|date=2001|publisher=Michigan State University and Oakland University|pages=65–67}}</ref> ==== Mkpebi Qiang ==== Olumba nke Taoping nwere ụda isii. Liu (1998) na-akọ ndị na-ekwu okwu 4,900. N'ime mkpụrụokwu 1,754 nyochachara, a na-ekesa ụda dị ka ndị a: * (33/ etiti): 43.6% * (55/Elu): 28.2% * (31/Ọkara ọdịda): 19.2% * (241 / Obere-ebili-ada): 5.4%; na-apụta naanị na mkpịrịsị ụda olu * (13/Na-ebili elu): 2.5%; na-eme naanị na okwu mbinye Mandarin (site na ụda nke anọ, ghọtara dị ka 25 na mpaghara) yana na nkwekọrịta. * (51/Elu-ada): 1.2%; na-eme naanị na okwu mbinye Mandarin (site na ụda nke atọ, ghọtara dị ka 53 na mpaghara) ==== Longxi Qiang ==== Olumba nke Longxi nwere ụda ise, nke ụda abụọ "isi" mejupụtara 98.9% nke syllable 6,150 nyochara. Liu (1998) na-akọ ndị na-ekwu okwu 3,300. A na-ekesa ụda ndị a dị ka ndị a na nkeji okwu nyochara: * (33 ~ 31 / etiti ~ etiti ọdịda): 63.61% * (55/Elu): 35.33% * (13 ~ 213 / ala (-ada) na-ebili): 0.70%; na-apụta naanị na mkpịrịsị ụda olu * (35 / etiti-ebili): 0.31%; na-apụta naanị na mkpụrụokwu mbinye ego yana n'ime mkpụrụokwu ekpokọtara ọnụ * (51/ Elu-ada): 0.05%; na-apụta naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu ekpokọtara ọnụ, mkpụrụ okwu mbinye ego, yana n'usoro mmalite mmalite. ==== Mianchi Qiang ==== Olumba nke Mianchi nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu 15,700 dịka Liu (1998) siri kwuo. A na-agbakwunye ụda olu ya na usoro ụda olu dị elu na nke dị ala (-ọdịda), ebe okwu obodo nwere ike ịnwe naanị otu mkpọmkpọ okwu. Okwu ụda olu nwere ike ịpụta ụda olu ma ọ bụ enweghị ụda olu, ma ụda olu nwere ike na-apụtakarị n'asụsụ ọ bụla. N'ime syllable 6,369 tụlere, ihe karịrị 95% na-agbaso usoro a; ole na ole fọdụrụ nwere otu n'ime ụda contour atọ: * (31/Enwechaghị): 67.3% * (55/Agbanye): 27.9% * (13 ~ 213/ Ala (-ada) na-ebili): 3.5% * (51/Ọrịa dị elu): 1.2% * (35 / etiti-ebili): 0.01%; na-apụta naanị na mkpụrụokwu mbinye ego na nkeji okwu ekpokọtara ọnụ ==== Olumba ndị ọzọ ==== Olumba ndị dị n'ókè mpaghara Northern Qiang, dị ka nke Heihu, Mao County, na-eji ụda naanị iji mata ọdịiche nke okwu obodo na okwu mbinye ego. Wen (1950) na-akọ na olumba Jiuziying na-eji usoro ụda ụda olu, na-ekwu na "naanị mgbe mkpụrụokwu abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-emekọrịta ihe bụ ụda olu a chọrọ n'ezie, karịsịa maka homophones ." N'okpuru bụ tebụl na-atụnyere ụfọdụ okwu nke olumba Jiuziying, Taoping, Longxi, na Mianchi. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Gloss ! Jiuziying ! Ịtụ aka ! Longxi ! Mianchi |- | afọ gara aga | nɤ́ pɤ́ | ³¹ pǝ ³³ | nne pú | né pú |- | afọ abụọ | nɤ̀ pɤ̀ | | | |- | fiizant | í dzú | I ³¹ dʑy ²⁴¹ | ỳ-zo | |- | enyi | ị dzụ | | ìzù ~ ỳ zù | ị dụọ |- | n'ime | kọkọ | nke ⁵⁵ nke ³³ | kú kú | kpo kpo |- | nwanne nwoke | kọkọ | | a kọ | kpo kpo |- | nwanne nna | pá pá | nke ³³ nke ³³ | á pá | |- | nna | pá pá | ⁵⁵ pɑ ³³ | | |} == Ọnọdụ == Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Qiangic, Southern Qiang na-adịwanye egwu. N'ihi na usoro agụmakwụkwọ na-ejikarị ọkọlọtọ Chinese eme ihe dị ka ntụziaka maka ndị Qiang, yana n'ihi ohere zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịga akwụkwọ na telivishọn, ọtụtụ ụmụaka Qiang na-asụ asụsụ Chinese nke ọma ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-asụ otu asụsụ ebe pasent na-arịwanye elu enweghị ike ịsụ Qiang. <ref>{{Cite book|author=LaPolla|first=Randy J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5Nvuh7MQlYC&pg=PA5|title=A Grammar of Qiang: With Annotated Texts and Glossary|date=2003|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|others=with Chenglong Huan|isbn=3-11-017829-X|location=Berlin|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndị mmadụ Qiang * Asụsụ Qiangic == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ akụkọ == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1ovpkcybjv85227mt5v2p43t5tx1f2x 0 56240 743820 200948 2026-11-07T18:13:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|date=2020}} Bacama (Bachama) bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke ngalaba Chad nke a na-asụ na Nigeria na Adamawa steeti bụ isi na mpaghara ọchịchị Numan, Demsa na Lamurde site n'aka ndị Bwatiye.[1] Olumba bụ Mulyen, Opalo na Wa-Duku. Bachama-Yimburu dị ka ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya mana ọ bụ asụsụ dị iche. A na-eji Bachama dị ka asụsụ azụmaahịa.[2] A na-ewerekarị ya ka otu asụsụ dị ka Bata. == Ọnụ ọgụgụ == Bachama nwere usoro ọnụọgụ iri / ọnụọgụ ise, nke nwere 5 na 10 dị ka ntọala: {| class="wikitable" |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |- |hido |Kịrịka |mwakin |Fụt |Tuf |tukoltaka |tukolukpe |fwofwot |dombi hido |bau |} 8 bụ 4-4, 6 na 7 dabere na ịgbakwunye na 5, na 9 pụtara ' (10) na-erughị 1'. == Ihe Nlereanya Ihe odide na Bacama == * Gibo ma ma ma ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụ na-eme ihe nkiri ka ọ bụ na a na-eme ya. - Mak 3:35 (GWVS 1915) == Ihe ndị ọzọ dị na Bacama == [https://web.archive.org/web/20250623065718/https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/bcy Ihe ndekọ na Bacama] == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist}} 22y71qir5zwawimpzjs3hx6bs4ao8t0 0 56852 743801 202489 2026-11-07T14:34:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asụsụ Pumi''' (a makwaara dị ka '''Prinmi''' Asụsụ Qiangic nke ndị Pumi, agbụrụ si Yunnan, [[China]], yana ndị Tibet nke Muli na Sichuan, [[China]] . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Ding|first=Picus S.|title=The Sino-Tibetan Languages|date=2003|publisher=Routledge Press|editor=Thurgood|location=London|pages=588–601|language=en|chapter=Prinmi: A Sketch of Niuwozi}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ obodo bi na Lanping, Ninglang, Lijiang, Weixi na Muli . Aha njirimara nke Pumi bụ ''{{IPA|pʰʐə̃55 mi55}}'' na Western Prinmi, ''{{IPA|pʰɹĩ55 mi55}}'' na Central Prinmi, na ''{{IPA|pʰʐõ55 mə53}}'' na Northern Prinmi nwere ụdịdị dị ka ''{{IPA|pʰɹə̃55 mə55}}'' na ''{{IPA|tʂʰə̃55 mi53}}'' . Na Muli Bonist ndị ụkọchukwu na-agụ ihe odide okpukpe na Tibet, nke kwesịrị ịtụgharị ya na Prinmi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="Source needed to support this claim (June 2019)">A</span>]]'' &#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> ịkụziri ụmụaka Pumi ka ha jiri mkpụrụedemede Tibet dee asụsụ ha na Ninglang . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-07|title=Shínián, xiāngcūn "hánguī" zǒujìn xiànxué "pǔmǐbān"|url=http://www.dzwww.com/2011/dqmjzgh/zxbd/201110/t20111007_6674362.htm|work=Dàzhòng wǎng|language=zh}}</ref> Atụpụtala mkpụrụedemede Rome nke dabere na pinyin, mana anaghị ejikarị ya eme ihe. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Ding|first=Picus Sizhi|title=Working Together for Endangered Languages: Research Challenges and Social Impacts (Proceedings of FEL XI)|date=2007|publisher=Foundation for Endangered Languages|editor=David|location=Bath, England|pages=120–126|language=en|chapter=Challenges in Language Modernization in China: The Case of Prinmi|chapterurl=http://web.hku.hk/~picus/LanguageModernization.pdf}}</ref> == Olumba == Ọrụ ndị gara aga na-egosi na e nwere alaka abụọ nke Pumi (n'ebe ndịda na ugwu), na ha anaghị aghọta ibe ha. Ding (2014) tụrụ aro otu isi atọ: Western Prinmi (nke a na-ekwu na Lanping ), Central Prinmi (nke a na-asụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Ninglang, Lijiang, Yulong na Yongsheng ) na Northern Prinmi (nke a na-asụ na north Ninglang na Sichuan ). === Lu (2001) === Olumba Pumi gụnyere ndị a (Lu 2001). ; Ndịda (ndị ọkà okwu 22,000) * Qinghua 箐花村, Lanping County, Yunnan * Ludian鲁甸县, Yunnan * Xinyingpan 新营盘乡, Ninglang County, Yunnan ; Northern (ndị ọkà okwu 55,000) * Taoba 桃巴村, Muli County, Sichuan * Tuoqi 拖七村, Ninglang County, Yunnan * Zuosuo 左所区, Yanyuan County, Sichuan * Sanyanlong 三岩龙乡, Jiulong County, Sichuan === Sim (2017) === Sims (2017) depụtara olumba Pumi ndị a. * Northern ** Sanyanlong 三岩龙 [Jiulong County] (B. Huang & Dai 1992) <ref name="TBL">{{Cite book|title=Zàng-Miǎn yǔzú yǔyán cíhuì|date=1992|publisher=Zhongyang minzu xueyuan chubanshe|editor=Huang|location=Beijing|language=zh}}</ref> ** Taoba 桃巴 [Muli County] (Sun 1991) <ref name="ZMYYC">{{Cite book|author=Sun|first=Hongkai 孙宏开|title=Zàng-Miǎnyǔ yǔyīn hé cíhuì|date=1991|publisher=Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe|location=Beijing|language=zh}}</ref> ** Shuiluo 水洛 [Muli County] (Jacques 2011) * Central ** Wadu 瓦都<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nínglàng Yízú Zìzhìxiàn Yǒngníng Xiāng Yǒngníng Cūnwěihuì Zhōngwǎ Zìráncūn|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=230994|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122152048/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=230994|archivedate=2019-01-22|work=ynszxc.net|language=zh}}</ref> [Ninglang County] (Daudey 2014) ** Niuwozi 牛窝子<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nínglàng Yízú Zìzhìxiàn Xīnyíngpán Xiāng Xīnyíngpán Cūnwěihuì Niúwōzǐ Zìráncūn|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=223332|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122152105/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=223332|archivedate=2019-01-22|work=ynszxc.net|language=zh}}</ref> [Ninglang County] (Ding 2001, wdg) <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ding|first=Picus Shizhi|date=2001|title=The Pitch-Accent System of Niuwozi Prinmi|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/ding2001pitch.pdf|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|language=en|volume=24|issue=2|pages=57–83|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616074542/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/ding2001pitch.pdf|archive-date=2015-06-16|access-date=2025-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ndịda ** Dayang [Lanping County] (Matisoff 1997) <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Matisoff|first=James A.|date=1997|title=Dàyáng Pumi Phonology and Adumbrations of Comparative Qiangic|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/matisoff1997dayang.pdf|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|language=en|volume=27|pages=171–213|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023239/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/matisoff1997dayang.pdf|archive-date=2020-11-12|access-date=2025-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Qinghua 箐花 [Lanping County] (Sun 1991; B. Huang & Dai 1992) <ref name="ZMYYC" /> <ref name="TBL" /> Ụda: == Akwụkwọ == Akwụkwọ ọdịyo edegharịrị, tụgharịa na nkọwapụta n'asụsụ Pumi dị na mkpokọta Pangloss . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Pumi corpus|url=http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/pangloss/corpus/list_rsc_en.php?lg=Pumi|work=The Pangloss Collection|accessdate=2025-03-09|archivedate=2017-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124559/http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/pangloss/corpus/list_rsc_en.php?lg=Pumi}}</ref> Ha metụtara asụsụ ugwu Pumi. == fonology == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Pumi Consonants ! colspan="2" | !Labial !Dental !Retroflex !Palatal !Velar |- ! rowspan="2" |Nasal !<small>voiceless</small> |{{IPAblink|m̥}} |{{IPAblink|n̥}} | | |{{IPAblink|ŋ̥}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPAblink|m}} |{{IPAblink|n}} | | |{{IPAblink|ŋ}} |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !<small>voiceless</small> |{{IPAblink|p}} |{{IPAblink|t}} |{{IPAblink|ʈ}} | |{{IPAblink|k}} |- !<small>aspirated</small> |{{IPAblink|pʰ}} |{{IPAblink|tʰ}} |{{IPAblink|ʈʰ}} | |{{IPAblink|kʰ}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPAblink|b}} |{{IPAblink|d}} |{{IPAblink|ɖ}} | |{{IPAblink|ɡ}} |- ! rowspan="3" |Affricate !<small>voiceless</small> | |{{IPAblink|ts}} |{{IPAblink|ʈʂ}} |{{IPAblink|tɕ}} | |- !<small>aspirated</small> | |{{IPAblink|tsʰ}} |{{IPAblink|ʈʂʰ}} |{{IPAblink|tɕʰ}} | |- !<small>voiced</small> | |{{IPAblink|dz}} |{{IPAblink|ɖʐ}} |{{IPAblink|dʑ}} | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> | |{{IPAblink|s}} |{{IPAblink|ʂ}} |{{IPAblink|ɕ}} |{{IPAblink|x}} |- !<small>voiced</small> | |{{IPAblink|z}} |{{IPAblink|ʐ}} |{{IPAblink|ʑ}} |{{IPAblink|ɣ}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Lateral !<small>voiceless</small> | |{{IPAblink|ɬ}} | | | |- !<small>voiced</small> | |{{IPAblink|l}} | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Approximant !<small>voiceless</small> | |{{IPAblink|ɹ̥}} | | | |- !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPAblink|w}} |{{IPAblink|ɹ}} | |{{IPAblink|j}} | |} {| class="wikitable" |+Udaume ọnụ nke Pumi ! ! N'ihu ! colspan="2" | Central ! colspan="2" | Azu |- ! Mechie | {{IPA|[i/iᵊ]}} | [ ɨ ] | [ ʉ ] | colspan="2" | [ na ] |- ! nso-etiti | [ e ] | colspan="2" | | [ ɤ ] | [ o ] |- ! N'etiti | | colspan="2" | [ ị ] | colspan="2" | |- ! Mepee-Mid | [ ɛ ] | colspan="2" | [ ɜ ] | colspan="2" | |- ! Nso-Oghere | | colspan="2" | [ ɐ ] | colspan="2" | |- ! Mepee | [ a ] | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | [ ɑ ] |} {| class="wikitable" |+Udaume imi nke Pumi ! ! N'ihu ! Central ! Azu |- ! Mechie | {{IPA|[ĩ]}} | | |- !nso-etiti | | | [ õ ] |- ! N'etiti | | [ ə̃ ] | |- ! Mepee-Mid | [ ɛ̃ ] | | |- !Nso-Oghere | | [ ɐ̃ ] | |} == Ọkpụkpụ == Atụpụtala mkpụrụedemede Rome nke dabere na pinyin maka Pumi, mana ka akwalitebeghị ya. {| class="wikitable" |+Initials: !Letter !IPA !Letter !IPA !Letter !IPA !Letter !IPA !Letter !IPA |- |b |{{IPAblink|p}} |p |{{IPAblink|pʰ}} |bb |{{IPAblink|b}} |m |{{IPAblink|m}} |hm |{{IPAblink|m̥}} |- |d |{{IPAblink|t}} |t |{{IPAblink|tʰ}} |dd |{{IPAblink|d}} |n |{{IPAblink|n}} |hn |{{IPAblink|n̥}} |- |g |{{IPAblink|k}} |k |{{IPAblink|kʰ}} |gg |{{IPAblink|ɡ}} |h |{{IPAblink|x}} |hh |{{IPAblink|ɣ}} |- |j |{{IPAblink|tɕ}} |q |{{IPAblink|tɕʰ}} |jj |{{IPAblink|dʑ}} |x |{{IPAblink|ɕ}} |xx |{{IPAblink|ʑ}} |- |z |{{IPAblink|ts}} |c |{{IPAblink|tsʰ}} |zz |{{IPAblink|dz}} |s |{{IPAblink|s}} |ss |{{IPAblink|z}} |- |zh |{{IPAblink|ʈʂ}} |ch |{{IPAblink|ʈʂʰ}} |zzh |{{IPAblink|ɖʐ}} |sh |{{IPAblink|ʂ}} |ssh |{{IPAblink|ʐ}} |- |zr |{{IPAblink|ʈ}}, [{{IPAlink|ʈʂ}}/{{IPA|kʴ}}] |cr |{{IPAblink|ʈʰ}}, [{{IPAlink|ʈʂʰ}}/{{IPA|kʴʰ}}] |zzr |{{IPAblink|ɖ}}, [{{IPAlink|ɖʐ}}/{{IPA|ɡʴ}}] |l |{{IPAblink|l}} |lh |{{IPAblink|ɬ}} |- |br |{{IPA|pʴ}} |pr |{{IPA|pʴʰ}} |bbr |{{IPA|bʴ}} |r |{{IPAblink|ɹ}} |hr |{{IPAblink|ɹ̥}} |- |ng |{{IPAblink|ŋ}} |hng |{{IPAblink|ŋ̥}} |w |{{IPAblink|w}} |y |{{IPAblink|j}} |} * Okwu monosyllabic ** ''f'' - ụda ọdịda ** ''v'' - ụda dị elu ** ''ọ dịghị'' - ebili ụda * Okwu polysyllable ** ''f'' - adịghị agbasa ụda dị elu ** ''v'' - ịgbasa ụda dị elu gaa na syllable na-esote ** ''r'' - ụda na-ebili ** ''onweghị'' – ndabara ala ụda == Ụtọ asụsụ == Ntụgharị ụtọ asụsụ nke Wadu nke Pumi [https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/69/27/67/69276721657901706692127480944602004968/A_Grammar_of_Wadu_Pumi_libre.pdf dị n'ịntanetị] . Ụtọasụsụ nke Central Pumi dịkwa. == Ọmụmaatụ ==   {| border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" !Pumi ! Bekee |- valign="top" | Tèr gwéjè dzwán thèr phxèungphxàr sị.<br /><br /><br /><br /> Timitae línggwe zreungzrun stịng. | Ọ gbajiela ọtụtụ hama.<br /><br /><br /><br /> Nwoke a na-ebe akwa ma na-eti mkpu mgbe niile. |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===   mer7qmh3m3tzt2opowhyouzgfygl9ul 0 56877 743799 720267 2026-11-07T14:17:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743799 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} [[Faịlụ:Manuscripts_in_the_Yunnan_Nationalities_Museum_-_DSC03945.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ihe odide De'ang]] '''Palaung''' ma ọ bụ '''Ta'ang''' ( Burmese ), makwaara dị ka '''De'ang''' ( Chinese ; Burmese ), bụ ụyọkọ olumba Austroasiatic nke ihe karịrị ọkara nde mmadụ na-asụ na Burma ( Shan State ) na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu. E kewara ndị Palaung gaa na Palé (Ruching), Rumai, na Shwe, nke ọ bụla n’ime ha nwekwara asụsụ nke ya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Waddington|first=Ray|year=2003|title=The Palaung|url=http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung|accessdate=3 May 2012|work=The Peoples of the World Foundation|language=en|archivedate=9 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109115439/http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Klose|first=Albrecht|title=Sprachen der Welt Ein weltweiter Index der Sprachfamilien, Einzelsprachen und Dialekte, mit Angabe der Synonyma und fremdsprachigen Äquivalente / Languages of the World: A Multi-lingual Concordance of Languages, Dialects, and Language-families|date=2001|publisher=K.G. Saur|isbn=3-598-11404-4|edition=2nd rev. and enl.|location=München|pages=403}}</ref> A na-akọ na asụsụ Riang enweghị nghọta ma ọ bụ naanị na ọ siri ike nghọta site n'aka ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo nke asụsụ Palaung ndị ọzọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka; enwere ndị na-asụ Shwe 150,000 na 1982, ndị na-ekwu okwu Ruching (Palé) 272,000 na 2000, yana ndị na-asụ Rumai 139,000 na ụbọchị edekọghị. E kewara Palaung dị ka asụsụ "nwere nnukwu nsogbu" na ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger nke'' UNESCO . ''<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-2470.html|accessdate=2020-06-03|work=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Moseley|first=Christopher|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026.locale=en|title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|isbn=978-92-3-104096-2|language=en}}</ref>'' Olumba Rulai a na-asụ n'akụkụ Lashio na-enwe mgbanwe ụda olu mgbe niile yana ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị n'okwuokwu sitere na Ruching ''. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Myanmar|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archivedate=2016-10-10|work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}</ref>'' == Olumba == === Yan na Zhou (2012) === Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ China na-ekewapụta ụdị "De'ang 德昂" (nke a na-asụkarị na Santaishan Ethnic De'ang Township 三台山德昂族乡, Mangshi na Junnong Township 军弄乡, Zhenkang County ) dị ka ndị a ( ''De'i zhian'' ). Aha ndị dị na IPA sitere na Yan & Zhou (2012:154–155) * '''Bulei 布雷'''[ {{IPA|pule}} ] (ihe nnọchite anya data: Yunqian 允欠, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lùxī Shì Sāntáishān Dé'ángzú Xiāng Yǔnqiàn Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98248|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723212328/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98248|archivedate=2018-07-23|accessdate=2016-09-29|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> Mangshi ): a na-asụ na Luxi ** '''Bulei 布雷'''[ {{IPA|pule}} ] olumba ** '''Raojin 饶进'''[ {{IPA|raudʑĕŋ}} ] olumba * '''Liang 梁'''[ {{IPA|liaŋ}} ] (data nnochite anya: Xiaochanggou 硝厂沟): a na-asụ na Longchuan na Ruili. * '''Rumai 汝买'''[ {{IPA|romai}} ], ''{{IPA|roraumai}}'' ) (data nnochite anya: Yechaqing 叶茶箐): a na-asụ na Zhenkang na Baoshan. Ndị De'ang 德昂 dị iche iche na-ezo onwe ha dị ka ''{{IPA|naʔaŋ}}'', [ {{IPA|daʔaŋ}} ], [ {{IPA|toʔaŋ}} ] na [ {{IPA|laʔaŋ}} ], dabere na olumba (Yan & Zhou 2012:154–155). Ọzọ De'ang autonym bụ ''{{IPA|ho (rau) khaoʔ}}'', ebe ''{{IPA|rau}}'' pụtara 'obodo'. Ndị Dai obodo na-ezo aka na De'ang dị ka ''{{IPA|po˧loŋ˧}}'' . Liu (2006) depụtara nkuzi Palaungic atọ, ya bụ: * Obodo Guangka, Obodo Mengxiu, Obodo Ruili (瑞丽市勐休乡广卡村); <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ruìlì Shì Měngxiù Xiāng Měngxiù Cūnwěihuì Guǎngkǎ Zìráncūn|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=96662|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013139/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=96662|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2016-10-09|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> [ {{IPA|ru˥ mai˦˩˨}} ]; tonal * Obodo Mengdan, Obodo Santaishan (三台山勐丹村); <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lùxī Shì Sāntáishān Dé'ángzú Xiāng Měngdān Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98245|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013232/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98245|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2016-10-09|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> [ {{IPA|ʔaŋ}} ]; na-abụghị tonal * Obodo Guanshuang, Obodo Mengman, Xishuangbanna (西双版纳州勐满乡关双村); <ref>{{Cite web|title=Měnghǎi Xiàn Měngmǎn Zhèn Guānshuāng Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=172883|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013225/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=172883|archivedate=2017-02-02|accessdate=2016-10-09|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> [ {{IPA|ar˧˩ vaʔ˩˧}} ]; ''tonal'' === Ostapirat (2009) === Weera Ostapirat (2009:74) na-ahazi asụsụ Palaung dịka ndị a. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ostapirat|first=Weera|date=2009|title=Some Phonological Criteria for Palaung Subgrouping|url=https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JLC/article/view/20195|journal=Journal of Language and Culture|language=en|volume=28|issue=1|pages=63}}</ref> A na-enye nkọwapụta mgbanwe ụda na mbo. ; Palaung * ''Ta-ang'' * Rumai-Darang (*-ɔŋ > -ɛŋ; *-uŋ > -ɨŋ) ** ''Rumai'' (*-r- > -j-) ** Ra-ang-Darang (*b, *d, *ɟ, *g > p, t, c, k) *** ''Ra-ang'' *** Darang (*-na > -uan; *-r > -n) **** ''Na-ang'' **** ''Darang'' **** ''Da-ang'' **** ''Dara-ang'' === Shintani (2008) === Shintani (2008) matara olumba abụọ nke Palaung, ya bụ Southern Palaung na Northern Palaung. Nkwụsị ndịda Palaung anaghị ekwu okwu kwekọrọ na Northern Palaung kwuputara nkwụsị, nke ikpeazụ Shintani (2008) kwenyere na ọ bụ ndogide sitere na Proto-Palaungic. Asụsụ South Palaung nke Shintani mụrụ (2008) bụ nke: * Obodo Kentung * Obodo Waanpao (nke dị nso na Kengtung) * Obodo Chengphong (nke dị nso na Kengtung) * Obodo Loikhong (nke dị nso na Mängpeng) * Mängküng * Yassaw * Kalaw === Deepadung et al. (2015) === Deepadung et al. (2015) <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Deepadung|first=Sujaritlak|date=2015|title=A Lexical Comparison of the Palaung Dialects Spoken in China, Myanmar, and Thailand|url=http://www.mksjournal.org/mks44sujaritlak.pdf|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|language=en|volume=44|pages=19–38|doi=10.15144/MKSJ-44.19|archive-date=2018-08-27|access-date=2025-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827200200/http://www.mksjournal.org/mks44sujaritlak.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> kewaa olumba Palaung ka ndị a. ; Palaung * '''Ta-ang''' : Namhsan, Khun Hawt, Htan Hsan * (isi Palaung) ** '''Pule''' : Pang Kham, Man Loi, Meng Dan, Chu Dong Gua ** '''Dara-ang''' : Pan Paw, Noe Lae, Nyaung Gone, Pong Nuea (?), Xiang Cai Tang 香菜塘 ** '''Rumai''' : Nan Sang, Guang Ka, Mang Bang ** ? Cha Ye Qing 茶叶箐 == fonology == Chen, et al. (1986) depụtara consonants ndị a maka Palaung: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | ! Labial ! eze /<br /><br /><br /><br /> Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |- ! rowspan="3" | Kwụsị ! voiceless | p | t | tɕ | k | ʔ |- ! aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | |- ! voiced | b | d | dʑ | ɡ | |- ! rowspan="2" | imi ! voiced | m | n | ɲ̟ | ŋ | ˀn |- ! voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̟̊ | ŋ̊ | |- ! rowspan="2" | Nke na-ese okwu ! voiceless | f | s | ɕ | | h |- ! voiced | v | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" | Rhotic ! voiced | | r | | | |- !voiceless | | r̥ | | | |- ! rowspan="2" | Odika ! voiced | | l | j | | |- ! voiceless | | l̥ | | | |} Enwere ike ịnụ nke ikpeazụ /r/ dị ka ụda enweghị olu [ɹ̥], ma na-eso /u/ a na-anụ ya dị ka [ɫ̥]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! ! N'ihu ! colspan="2" | Azu |- ! Mechie | i | ɯ | u |- ! Nso nso | ɪ | colspan="2" | ʊ |- ! N'etiti | e | ɤ | o |- ! Oghere-etiti | ɛ | colspan="2" | ɔ |- ! Mepee | colspan="3" | ɑ |} Enwere ike ịnụ /ɤ/ n'okwu ngwa ngwa dị ka ụdaume etiti [ə], a na-anụkwa ya dị ka [ɤ] n'ebe ọzọ. /a/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka ihu [æ] tupu /k, ŋ/, na [ɛ] tupu /n, t/. Dịka Shorto (1960) siri kwuo, /ɤ/ adịghị eme naanị ya n'ime mkpụrụokwu mgbakasị ahụ, kama ọ bụ naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu enweghị mgbakasị ahụ ma ọ bụ dịka onye nke abụọ nke diphthong. Enwekwara nnukwu ọnụọgụ diphthongs, gụnyere /eo/, /eɤ/, /aɤ/, /ɔɤ/, /oɤ/, /uɤ/, na /iɤ/. Ọ bụ ezie na Milne (1921) gụnyere ụdaume /ü, ö, ɪ/ na ndegharị ya, Shorto (1960) ahụghị ihe ndị a dị ka fọnịm ụdaume n'ọrụ ya. (Rịba ama na okwu ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n’okpuru na ngalaba Syntax sitere na Milne (1921 ), ya mere ihe nnọchi anya ụda olu ha nwere ike ịchọ ntụgharị.) == Syntax == Ihe atụ ndị dị n'okpuru bụ ụdị Milne (1921). === Aha na nkebiokwu aha === Usoro nke ihe dị na nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ N - (onye nwe ya) - (gosipụta). Tụlee ihe atụ ndị a: {| class="wikitable" |kpoɔn | ai | ihe |- | nwa | anyi abuo | nke a |- | colspan="10" | nwa anyi a |} === Ndabere na nkebiokwu amụma === Shwe Palaung nwere amụma amụma, dịka na ọmụmaatụ na-esote. {| class="wikitable" |ta | kwun | hɔɔkhəm |- | ka | nnukwu | eze |- | colspan="10" | nye eze ukwu |} === Ahịrịokwu === Nkejiokwu Shwe Palaung n'ozuzu nwere usoro okwu isiokwu-ngwaa-ihe (SVO). {| class="wikitable" |ihe | di | d͡ʒüür | gaaŋ |- | ọ | n'ọdịnihu | zụta | ụlọ |- | colspan="10" | Ọ ga-azụta ụlọ. |} == Ụtọ asụsụ == Mpempe okwu dị nkenke nke Rumai, ụdị dị iche iche nke Palaung, bụ Weymuth (2018) depụtara ya. Ngwaa dị na Rumai Palaung na-emegharị kwa oge, akụkụ na ọnọdụ.   == Usoro edemede == N'oge ọchịchị Briten na Bọma, ndị na-asụ Palaung ji script Shan dee asụsụ ha. <ref name=":04" /> Otu onye ozi ala ọzọ nke America webatara Palaung odide ọhụrụ na 1912, mana edemede ahụ enwetaghị ọnyà. <ref name=":04" /> N'afọ 1955, Paw San chepụtara edemede ọhụrụ maka asụsụ ahụ, onye isi obodo ahụ, Khun Pan Cing, nyere ya nrite ọla edo maka mbọ ya. <ref name=":04" /> Agbanyeghị, edemede ahụ ewepụghị usoro odide ndị ọzọ ejiri Palaung, ọkachasị n'ihi ikike nke ndị ọchịchị Shan. <ref name=":04" /> Site na 1967 ruo 1968, Kansụl Shan nwere nnọkọ na Taunggyi iji chepụta edemede ọhụrụ wee biri na edemede Burmese iji mee ka ederede Pali nweta ndị na-asụ Palaung. <ref name=":04" /> A nakweere ụdị edemede a ahaziri ahazi na 1972, a na-ejikwa ya ugbu a na agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị akwụkwọ na Shan State na Mandalay. <ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|author=Kojima|first=Takahiro|date=Autumn 2016|title=Palaung orthographies: writing and the politics of ethnicity in Shan State|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/127179/1/IIAS_NL75_FULL.pdf|journal=IIAS The Newsletter|issue=75|pages=38-39|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305222006/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/127179/1/IIAS_NL75_FULL.pdf|archive-date=2025-03-05|access-date=2025-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dabere na mkpụrụedemede Burmese, ọ na-ejigide consonants Burmese niile wee webata ụfọdụ ngwakọta ụdaume ọhụrụ, consonant agbakwunyere (ႎ /v/), yana usoro nrịbama ụda zuru oke nke asụsụ Shan na-emetụta. <ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Jenny |first=Mathias |title=Writing systems of MSEA |date=2021-08-23 |work=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A comprehensive guide |pages=879–906 |editor-last=Sidwell |editor-first=Paul |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110558142-036/html |access-date=2024-12-06 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110558142-036 |isbn=978-3-11-055814-2 |editor2-last=Jenny |editor2-first=Mathias|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nke a na-enyere aka iji ụdị mbụ ha dee okwu Pali, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị ụda Palaung ka a na-anọchi anya ya. <ref name=":0" /> N'adịghị ka scripts maka Mon ma ọ bụ Burmese, edemede Palaung anaghị egosipụta ọkwa ochie nke asụsụ ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> Ọ na-ekerịta ụfọdụ atụmatụ na edemede Shan. <ref name=":0" /> A na-eji edemede ahụ eme ihe karịsịa maka ụdị Shwe na Rumai dị n'ebe ugwu Palaung, n'agbanyeghị na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmuta na-adịkarị ala n'ihi ọnụnọ nke asụsụ Shan na Burmese dị elu na mpaghara ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, otu obodo dị na Shan Steeti na Mandalay agbaala mbọ iji hazie ihe odide Palaung. <ref name=":0" /> A na-edekwa ụdị ndịda Palaung, Ruching site na iji edemede Tai Tham, ọ bụ ezie na agụmagụ dị ala, ma ugbu a na-asọmpi na edemede Burmese nwetara. == Ihe atụ ederede == Akụkụ na-esonụ nke akụkọ dị na Shwe Palaung sitere na Milne (1921:146–147). {| class="wikitable" |Naaŋ̩ | rashöh, | naaŋ | jü | grai | ta | kwun | hɔɔkhəm | naaŋ | daah, |- | nwanyi | teta | nwanyi | akụkọ: gara aga | kwuru | ka | nnukwu | eze | nwanyi | kwuo |- | colspan="10" | Ezenwanyị teta wee sị eze |} {| class="wikitable" |ihe | ka | tọm | rɪɪnpoo | hlai | ọ | hụ | khənjaa | ihe | ai | lɔh | shoktee | haa | ihe |- | oh | neg | mgbe | nrọ | ọbụna | otu | oge | onye ọchịchị | oh | anyi abuo | bia | ngwa ngwa | ebe | nke a |- | colspan="14" | 'Oh, ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe m rọrọ nrọ (dị ka nke a) mbụ, oh Onye Ọchịchị, (ebe ọ bụ na) anyị abụọ bịara ebe a ibu ọnụ. |} {| class="wikitable" |Phadiiu | nɔ | la | puru | shəŋii, | ɔɔ | rɪɪnpoo | kwun | phii | leeh |- | taa | juputara | nke ọma | Asaa | ụbọchị | I | nrọ | nnukwu | mmụọ | gbadata |- | colspan="12" | Ụbọchị asaa gara aga, ahụrụ m nrọ na mmụọ nsọ ahụ dara |} {| class="wikitable" |dɛ | ɔɔ | hɔɔm | makmon | kəm | ŋaam | hụ hnjo |- | nye | m | rie | ogologo mango | ọla edo | ụtọ | nke ukwuu |- | colspan="12" | o nyekwam ogologo mango ọla-edo ka m rie. Ha na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu. ' |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} === Isi mmalite === == Ọgụgụ ọzọ == == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.palaung-th.com Saịtị asụsụ Palaung Thailand] * [http://www.palaung-ruch.com Saịtị asụsụ Palaung Ruch] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3fcex540o8seg3eei5j6ob8m1lxjvzi 0 57159 743802 202166 2026-11-07T14:44:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Simte''' bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke India. Ndị Simte na North Eastern India na-asụ ya nke ọma, ndị gbadoro ụkwụ na Manipur na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Mizoram na Assam . Olumba a na-asụ n'asụsụ Manipur na-egosipụta nghọta nke ọma na asụsụ Kuki-Chin ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara ahụ gụnyere Thadou, Hmar, Vaiphei, Paite, Kom na Gangte . <ref name="Singh">{{Cite journal|author=Singh|first=Chungkham Yashawanta|title=The linguistic situation in Manipur|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|date=1995|volume=18|issue=1|pages=129–134|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|accessdate=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085546/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|archive-date=19 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Edere ya n'asụsụ Latịn . == Ntụaka == mpaghara ndị dị n'ime asụsụ dm109y5t82j02s7v47sbvj055snbzjx 0 57171 743808 368787 2026-11-07T15:43:11Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox Language|date=2011 census}} '''Vaiphei''' bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nke mpaghara mpaghara asụsụ [[Zo-Mizo languages|Zo-Mizo]] nke otu asụsụ Tibeto-Burman . A na-asụkarị ya na steeti [[Ndia|India]] nke Manipur na nkeji nkeji na Mizoram, Assam, Meghalaya na Tripura . Olumba a na-asụ n'asụsụ Manipur na-egosipụta obere nghọta n'otu n'otu na olumba Zo-Mizo nke mpaghara ahụ gụnyere Thadou, Hmar, Paite, [[Asụsụ Simte|Simte]], [[Mizo language (India)|Mizo]] na asụsụ Gangte . <ref name="Singh">{{Cite journal|author=Singh|first=Chungkham Yashawanta|title=The linguistic situation in Manipur|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|date=1995|volume=18|issue=1|pages=129–134|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|accessdate=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085546/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|archive-date=19 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkesa ala == A na-asụ Vaiphei n'ime ihe karịrị obodo 30 nke Lamka District, Southern Manipur ( ''Ethnologue'' ). Enwekwara ndị na-ekwu okwu na Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram na Tripura == Ntụaka == Shitwanu, na-ekekọrịta 90% myirịta okwu{{Reflist}} == Isi mmalite == * {{Cite web|title=Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|work=censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=12 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220172325/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|archivedate=20 February 2022}} femdseg8qba9l7v6ytp2deyyz6jzmyf 0 57765 743795 203028 2026-11-07T12:13:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743795 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mro-Khimi''' (nakwa '''Mro''', <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Helga|author=Hartmann|year=2001|title=Prenasalization and preglottalization in Daai Chin with parallel examples from Mro and Mara|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|volume=24|pages=123–142|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/hartmann2001prenasalization.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320134743/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/hartmann2001prenasalization.pdf|archive-date=2024-03-20|access-date=2024-03-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Khimi''', '''Mro Chin''', '''Mro-Khimi Chin''' ) bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Burma nke ndị Mro-Khimi na-asụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Andrew|first=R. F. St.|date=1873|title=A Short Account of the Hill Tribes of North Aracan.|journal=The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|volume=2|pages=233–247|doi=10.2307/2841171|issn=0959-5295|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449538}}</ref> Ụdị Mor-Khimi na-ekekọrịta 91% ruo 98% myirịta okwu okwu . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Myanmar|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archivedate=2016-10-10|work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}</ref> Mro-Khimi bụ 86%-90% lexically yiri ụdị Likhy nke [[Asụsụ Khumi|Eastern Khumi]], 81%-85% nwere ụdị Lemi nke Eastern Khumi, yana 77%-81% na Kaladan Khumi. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Myanmar|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages|archivedate=2016-10-10|work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}</ref> == Nkesa ala == A na-asụ Mro-Khimi n'obodo ndị a dị na Mianmaa ( ''Ethnologue'' ). * Chin State : Paletwa obodo * Rakhine State : Kyauktaw, Buthidaung, Ponnagyun, Pauktaw, Mrauk U, na obodo Maungdaw . == Olumba == Enwere isi olumba anọ nke Mro-Khimi ( ''Ethnologue'' ). * Arang (Ahraing Khami, Areung, Aroeng) * Xengna (Hrengna) * Xata * Vakung (Wakun, Wakung) Wakun (Vakung) bụ olumba a na-asụ na nke aghọtakarị (Horney 2009:5). Horney (2009:5) depụtakwara Aryn, Dau, Khuitupui, Likhy, Pamnau, Tuiron, Xautau, na Xienau dị ka olumba khami. Horney (2009) kọwara ụda olu olu Wakun na Xautau. == Ntụaka == n'ime ezinụlọ Austronesia, ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ na-abụghị nke Austronesia{{Reflist}} j625xq75fbnyxds8lgiswa7utc7juwy 0 58347 743809 208301 2026-11-07T15:44:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Vandu|states=Vietnam|region=[[Ha Giang Province]]|speakers=50|date=1997|familycolor=Tai–Kadai|fam2=[[Kra languages|Kra]]|fam3=Ge–Chi|fam4=[[Gelao languages|Gelao]]|iso3=gir}} '''Vandu''' ma ọ bụ '''Red Gelao''' bụ asụsụ Gelao dị ize ndụ a na-asụ n'ime obodo abụọ dị na Ha Giang Province, Vietnam. Ndị na-ekwu okwu 1-2 dịkwa n'ofe oke na mpaghara Malipo, Yunnan, China. <ref name="rg">{{Cite web|author=Edmondson, Jerold A.|title=''Red Gelao, the most endangered form of the Gelao language''|url=http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/rg.pdf|publisher=Ling.uta.edu|accessdate=2013-11-30|archivedate=2012-03-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315001752/http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/rg.pdf}}</ref> Samarina (2011), nke gụnyere ndepụta okwu dị ogologo na ndekọ ọdịyo, bụ nkọwa asụsụ kacha zuru oke ruo taa. == Ndị na-ekwu okwu == Dị ka asụsụ Gelao kachasị dị ize ndụ, Red Gelao nke Vietnam (ka ọ ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya na [[A'ou asụsụ|A'ou]] nke Guizhou, China, nke a na-akpọkwa Red Gelao) bụ nanị ihe dị ka mmadụ 50 na-asụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu atụgharịala na Southwwest Mandarin ma ọ bụ Hmong . Ndị Red Gelao, ndị na-akpọ onwe ha ''{{IPA|va35 ntɯ31}}'', ziga ndị na-alụ ọhụrụ n'etiti obodo Na Khê na Bạch Đích (ma ọ bụ Bìch Đich) na Yên Minh District, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam na obodo ọzọ dị na Fanpo, Malipo County, Yunnan, China <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=161186|title=麻栗坡县杨万乡杨万村委会翻坡自然村|publisher=Ynszxc.gov.cn|accessdate=2013-11-30|archivedate=2018-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005153651/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=161186}}</ref> (autonym: ''{{IPA|u33 wei55}}'' ) iji hụ na agbụrụ ha na-aga n'ihu. Edmondson (1998) na-akọ na e nwekwara ndị Red Gelao na Cán Tí, Quản Bạ District na Túng Sán, Hoàng Su Phì District <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bienphong.com.vn/BaoBienPhong/32/352/352/20237/Net-dep-trong-dam-cuoi-cua-nguoi-Co-Lao/bbp.aspx|title=Nét đẹp trong đám cưới của người Cờ Lao|publisher=Bienphong.com.vn|accessdate=2013-11-30}}</ref> ndị na-asụkwaghị Gelao ọ bụla, na-asụkwa Hmong, Tay, ma ọ bụ Vietnamese kama. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/edmondson1998language.pdf|title=The language corridor : New evidence from Vietnam|author=Jerold A. Edmondson|publisher=Sealang.net|accessdate=2013-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211824/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/edmondson1998language.pdf|archive-date=2021-06-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hoang (2013:12) na-akọ na e nwekwara ụfọdụ Red Gelao na Vĩnh Hảo commune, Bắc Quang District bụ onye si na Túng Sán commune kwaga. == Ntụaka == onwe ha tsʰo55 sɔ55, ma ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na-ezo aka dị ka ndị Paijiao (排角人). [1] Ndị gọọmentị China kewapụtara ha {{Reflist}} f8srv6v1djl5i0vupnku4ojwnvg6ji2 0 58408 743800 203713 2026-11-07T14:22:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743800 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Phukha''' bụ asụsụ Loloish nke ndị Phula bi na Vietnam na [[China]] na-asụ. == Nkesa == A na-asụ Phukha na nso obodo Lao Cai ; [[Xin Mun District]] nke Ha Giang Province na Lai Chau na Son La Provinces na Vietnam na obodo nta na Maguan, Malipo na Hekou Counties na China. Ndị Phula bi na Yen Bai Province anaghị asụ Phukha kama ha na-asụ Laghuu . == fonology == === Consonants === Phukha nwere consonants ndị a. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="3" |Coronal ! rowspan="2" |Retroflex ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Uvular |- !{{small|Plain}} !{{small|[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]}} !{{small|[[Sibilant]]}} |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive/<br /><br />Affricate !{{small|[[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]}} |{{IPA|pʰ}} |{{IPA|tʰ}} |{{IPA|tɬʰ}} |{{IPA|tsʰ}} |{{IPA|tʂʰ}} |{{IPA|tʃʰ}} |{{IPA|kʰ}} | |- !{{small|Voiceless}} |{{IPAlink|p}} |{{IPAlink|t}} |{{IPAlink|tɬ}} |{{IPAlink|ts}} |{{IPAlink|tʂ}} |{{IPAlink|tʃ}} |{{IPAlink|k}} | |- !{{small|Voiced}} |{{IPAlink|b}} |{{IPAlink|d}} |{{IPAlink|dɮ}} | | | |{{IPAlink|ɡ}} | |- ! rowspan="3" |Fricative !{{small|Voiceless}} |{{IPAlink|f}} |{{IPAlink|s}} |{{IPAlink|ɬ}} | |{{IPAlink|ʂ}} |{{IPAlink|ʃ}} | |{{IPAlink|χ}} |- !{{small|Voiced}} |{{IPAlink|v}} |{{IPAlink|z}} |{{IPAlink|ɮ}} | |{{IPAlink|ʐ}} |{{IPAlink|ʒ}} | |{{IPAlink|ʁ}} |- !{{small|[[Laryngealized]]}} |v̰ |z̰ | | | |ʒ̰ | | |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |{{IPAlink|m}} |{{IPAlink|n}} | | | | |{{IPAlink|ŋ}} | |- ! colspan="2" |Approximant |{{IPAlink|w}} | |{{IPAlink|l}} | | |{{IPAlink|j}} | | |} Phukha nwere ụdaume ndị a. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |n'ihu ! rowspan="2" | etiti ! colspan="2" | azụ |- ! <small>na-agbaghị gburugburu</small> ! <small>gbara okirikiri</small> |- ! Elu | {{IPAlink|i}} | {{IPAlink|ɨ}} | {{IPAlink|ɯ}} | {{IPAlink|u}} |- ! Elu-etiti | {{IPAlink|e}} | {{IPAlink|ə}} | | {{IPAlink|o}} |- ! Ala-etiti | {{IPAlink|ɛ}} | | {{IPAlink|ʌ}} | {{IPAlink|ɔ}} |- ! Dị ala | | {{IPAlink|a}} | | |} === Ụda === Phukha nwere ụda ise: elu {{IPA|/˥/}} (/55/), etiti {{IPA|/˧/}} (/33/), ala {{IPA|/˨/}} (/22/), ala na-arị elu {{IPA|/˨˦/}} (/24/), na ala ada {{IPA|/˨˩/}} (/21/). == Ihe ndetu == na nso obodo Lao Cai ; Xin Mun District nke{{Reflist}} == Ntụaka == * Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "Ihe osise izizi nke Phu-kha, Asụsụ Tibeto-Burman A na-asụ na Northern Vietnam," Mahadum Texas na Tesis Arlington MA. * Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. " [https://web.archive.org/web/20210811100527/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/pelkey2005puzzling.pdf Ihe mgbagwoju anya n'elu Phula: N'ihe gbasara nchịkọta na nkwupụta nke ngalaba dị n'okpuru ala], " ''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'' 28/2: 41-78. r9bhu22jhfeovfywb6i5u2jifpeqzf1 0 58442 743812 442898 2026-11-07T15:55:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743812 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Asụsụ (Greater) West Bomberai''' bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ Papuan a na-asụ na Bomberai Peninsula nke ọdịda anyanwụ New Guinea na n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Timor na àgwàetiti ndị agbata obi Indonesia. == Asụsụ == N'ime asụsụ atọ dị na ala, Baham na Iha nwere njikọ chiri anya ebe nke atọ dị anya, na-etolite alaka nke atọ nke ezinụlọ yana asụsụ Timor–Alor–Pantar : <ref name="ngw" /> * Mbahaam–Iha : Baham (Mbaham), Iha * Kalamang ( a.k.a. Karas) * Timor-Alor-Pantar Nke a kewara, yana abụọ n'ime alaka atọ dị na ala, na-atụ aro na Timor-Alor-Pantar nwere ike ịbụ ihe si na njem na-adịbeghị anya sitere na New Guinea, ikekwe bịarute na mpaghara Timor obere oge tupu asụsụ Austronesian mere, dịka mmetụta Austronesia na-emetụta ụbọchị Proto &#x2013; West Bomberai na ọbụna Proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar. == Akụkọ nke nhazi ọkwa == Wurm, Voorhoeve & McElhanon gụnyere Timor–Alor–Pantar na ala West Bomberai dị ka ebuka dị iche iche n'ime Trans–New Guinea . Ross kpọkọtara ha ọnụ ka ha guzobe ngalaba nke ngwaahịa West Trans–New Guinea ọ chọrọ, n'agbanyeghị na ya na West Bomberai dị ka ngalaba ọzọ n'ime Timor–Alor–Pantar. Holton & Robinson (2014) chọtara obere ihe akaebe iji kwado njikọ nke Timor-Alor-Pantar na Trans-New Guinea, ma Holton & Robinson (2017) kwetara na mmekọrịta ya na Trans-New Guinea, na karịsịa na West Bomberai, bụ echiche kachasị dị irè. Usher & Schapper (2022) kwuputara na ngalaba abụọ nke ezinaụlọ anaghị adị nso karịa ka ha nọ na asụsụ Timor–Alor–Pantar &#x2013; n'ezie na Kalamang nwere ike bụrụ ihe dị iche iche, Usher amalitela iwughachi usoro asụsụ West Bomberai. <ref name="ngw">{{Cite web|author=Timothy Usher|date=2020|accessdate=2024-07-20|url=https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/berau-gulf/west-bomberai/start|title=West Bomberai|work=New Guinea World|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413113920/https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/berau-gulf/west-bomberai/start|archive-date=2026-04-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ntụaka == Guinea, ikekwe bịarute na mpaghara Timor obere oge tupu [[Austronesian languages|asụsụ Austronesian]] mere, dịka mmetụta{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, [https://web.archive.org/web/20260413113920/https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/berau-gulf/west-bomberai/start Proto–West Bomberai] {{West Trans–New Guinea languages}} re80r9y227fzezfinzx9s7n94mcxxfv 0 58678 743810 204029 2026-11-07T15:46:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743810 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wancho''' (वांचो) bụ asụsụ Konyak nke dị n'ebe ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Ndia|India]] . A na-asụ Wancho na obodo 36 dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Longding district, Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh, yana Assam na Nagaland ( ''Ethnologue'' ). Aha ndị ọzọ gụnyere Banpara Naga, Joboka, Jokoba. == Ndị mmadụ == Ndị Wancho nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 56,866 na-asụ Wancho dịka nkwenye 2011 siri dị, ma bụrụkwa ndị bi na steeti India nke Arunachal Pradesh. Ọ bụ ezie na ha pere mpe, ndị bi na ya nwere ọdịbendị bara ụba nwere emume, emume emume, okpukperechi, na olumba dị iche iche nke Wancho. [[Faịlụ:Shukla_Wancho_Ngun.svg|center|thumb|179x179px| Akara Wancho Ngun, nke dabara na Indian rupee (₹)]] == Olumba == ''Ethnologue'' depụtara olumba Wancho ndị a. * Changnoi * Bor Muthun (Bor Mutonia) * Horu Muthun * Kulung Muthun (Mithan) Enwere nnukwu mgbanwe n'etiti olumba a na-asụ na mpaghara elu na nke ala. == Ọkpụkpụ == A na-edekarị Wancho na Devanagari ma ọ bụ mkpụrụedemede Latịn . N'agbata 2001 na 2012, onye nkuzi Banwang Losu chepụtara mkpụrụedemede Wancho pụrụ iche nke a na-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụfọdụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17067r-n4787r-wancho.pdf|title=L2/17-067R: Proposal to encode the Wancho script in the UCS|date=2017-07-26|first=Michael|author=Everson|authorlink=Michael Everson}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ebipụtara edemede ahụ n'ihu ọha na Unicode 12.0. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Unicode|first=Inc|title=Announcing The Unicode® Standard, Version 12.0|url=http://blog.unicode.org/2019/03/announcing-unicode-standard-version-120.html}}</ref> == Ntụaka == ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa ebe ọtụtụ ndị Bantu dị na Somalia{{Reflist}} * Robbins Burling & Mankai Wangsu (1998) [https://web.archive.org/web/20241104030133/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/burling1998wancho.pdf "Wancho phonology na ndepụta okwu"], ''Linguistics nke Tibeto-Burman Mpaghara'' 21.2. lmwkurx8kd1nvzarhnhoicy0wbq6vfu 0 58684 743805 204035 2026-11-07T15:13:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asụsụ Tamangic''', '''asụsụ TGTM''', ma ọ bụ '''asụsụ West Bodish''' ma ọ bụ '''asụsụ Kaike-Ghale-Tamangic''' ( Glottolog ), bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ Sino-Tibet a na-asụ na Himalaya nke Nepal . A na-akpọ ha "West Bodish" nke Bradley (1997), sitere na ''Bod'', okwu obodo maka Tibet . '''TGTM''' na-anọchi anya [[Asụsụ Tamang|'''T''' amang]] - <nowiki><b id="mwFg">G</b></nowiki> urung - [[Asụsụ Thakali|'''T''' hakali]] - <nowiki><b id="mwGg">M</b></nowiki> anang . Ewughachila Proto-TGTM na Mazaudon (1994). Tamangic jikọtara ya na asụsụ Bodish na West Himalayish na Bradley's (1997) "Bodish" na Van Driem's (2001) Tibeto-Kanauri . == Asụsụ == Asụsụ Tamangic bụ: * [[Asụsụ Tamang|Tamang]] (ụdị dị iche iche, nwere otu nde ndị na-ekwu okwu) * Gurung (ụdị abụọ nwere nghọta dị ala) * [[Asụsụ Thakali|Thakali]] (gụnyere olumba Seke; agbụrụ Tamang) * Ụyọkọ asụsụ Manang : asụsụ Manang, Gyasumdo, Nar Phu, na Nyeshangte nwere njikọ chiri anya. * Chantyal * Asụsụ Ghale ( Ghale na Kutang ): ndị Tamang na-asụ, ikekwe metụtara Tamangic. * Kaike (moribund): nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị iche iche. == Ihe odide ala ala peeji == . A na-akpọ ha "West Bodish" nke Bradley (1997),{{Reflist}} == Ntụaka == * Bradley, David (1997). " [https://web.archive.org/web/20171011142941/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/bradley1997tibeto-burman.pdf Asụsụ Tibeto-Burman na nhazi ọkwa] ". N'asụsụ ''Tibeto-Burman nke Himalaya, Akwụkwọ dị na asụsụ South East Asia'' . Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. * George van Driem (2001) ''Asụsụ nke Himalaya: Akwụkwọ ntuziaka asụsụ agbụrụ nke Greater Himalayan Region.'' Brill. * * Mazaudon, Martine. 1994. Problèmes de comparatisme et de reconstruction dans quelques langues de la famille tibéto-birmane. Nke a d'Etat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. ewym5qpcohl6coisx4gf5vkcjghszz2 0 58818 743794 204191 2026-11-07T12:09:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Modang|nativename=|states=[[Indonesia]]|region=[[East Kalimantan]]|speakers=15,000|date=1981|familycolor=Austronesian|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]|fam3=[[Greater North Borneo languages|Greater North Borneo]] ?|fam4=[[Kayan–Murik languages|Kayanic]]|fam5=Modang–[[Segai language|Segai]]|iso3=mxd}} Modang bụ asụsụ Kayan a na-asụ na East Kalimantan, Indonesia.. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Guerreiro|first=Antonio|year=1996|title=Homophony, sound changes and dialectal variations in some central Bornean languages|url=http://www.sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/gurreiro1996homophony.pdf|journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]|volume=25|pages=205–226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213064302/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/gurreiro1996homophony.pdf|archive-date=2024-12-13|access-date=2025-03-20|url-status=dead}} *   * {{Cite journal|author=Sellato|first=Bernard|year=1980|title=The Upper Mahakam area|journal=Borneo Research Bulletin|volume=12|issue=2|pages=40–46}} *   4cka78x1e0bargt9icda2sh6v4txpp4 0 58957 743806 595219 2026-11-07T15:28:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|date=2010}} '''Tsudaqar''' (nakwa '''Tsudakhar''', '''Cudaxar''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dargwa: Cudaxar language|url=https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/9130|accessdate=2024-10-12|work=globalrecordings.net|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214100002/https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/9130|archive-date=2025-02-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> ) bụ asụsụ Dargin, dị nnọọ iche na ụdị edemede dị iche iche, <ref name=":0" /> na-asụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 33,000 <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Koryakov|first=Yuri|date=2021-01-01|title=Коряков (2021) Даргинские языки и их классификация [Dargwa languages and their classification]|url=https://www.academia.edu/50908006/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_2021_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_Dargwa_languages_and_their_classification_|journal=Дурхъаси хазна. Сборник статей к 60-летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди, 2021. — 480 с. — ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9.}}</ref> na mpaghara Levashinsky na Akushinsky, Novy Kostek na mpaghara Khasavyurtovsky, na Novostankare na mpaghara Babayurtovsky . Obodo Tsudakhar bụ ebe ọdịnala ọdịnala. A na-ewere ya na ọ ga-eyi egwu ikpochapụ, na-ebufe ya na ụmụaka, ma ọ bụghị ezinụlọ niile. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Цудахарский язык {{!}} Малые языки России|url=https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/cudakharskiy-yazyk|accessdate=2024-10-12|work=minlang.iling-ran.ru}}</ref> N'oge a, a na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka Tsudaqar dị ndụ ma mepụta mkpụrụedemede maka asụsụ ahụ. <ref name=":0" /> == Ntughari == N'ịzaghachi n'ahụike na iji asụsụ ahụ na-ebelata, ndị na-asụ asụsụ ahụ amaliteghachila iji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe, yana ịmụ na ichekwa ya. E mekwara ihe odide nke asụsụ ahụ. Ihe nkuzi maka mmụta Tsudaqar dị na ntanetị, ma enwere ọwa YouTube ''{{Lang|ru|Цудахарское общество}}'' nke na-akwalite omenala Tsudaqar, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Цудахар-Дарго|url=https://gazetalevashi.ru/articles/media/2020/12/11/tsudahar-dargo/|accessdate=2024-09-30|work=gazetalevashi.ru|language=ru|archivedate=2024-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213223057/https://gazetalevashi.ru/articles/media/2020/12/11/tsudahar-dargo/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Цудахарское общество|url=https://www.youtube.com/@%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE|accessdate=2024-10-12|work=YouTube|language=en}}</ref> == fonology == Tsudaqar atụfuola ndị mmekọ [ d͡ʒ ] na [ d͡z ] . A na-edobe usoro nke fortis na lenis phonemic, yiri usoro eji na Avar–Andic na [[Asụsụ Lak|Lak]] . == Ọkpụkpụ == {| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |А а {{IPA|/ɑ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Б б {{IPA|/b/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |В в {{IPA|/w/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Г г {{IPA|/g/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Гъ гъ {{IPA|/ʁ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Гь гь {{IPA|/h/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Гӏ гӏ {{IPA|/ʡ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Гӏӏ гӏӏ {{IPA|/ʡʼ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Д д {{IPA|/d/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Е е {{IPA|/e/; /je/}} |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ё ё {{IPA|/eˤ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ж ж {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |З з {{IPA|/z/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |И и {{IPA|/i/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Й й {{IPA|/j/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |К к {{IPA|/k/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Кк кк {{IPA|/kː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Къ къ {{IPA|/qː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Кь кь {{IPA|/qʼ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Кӏ кӏ {{IPA|/kʼ/}} |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Л л {{IPA|/l/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |М м {{IPA|/m/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Н н {{IPA|/n/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |О о {{IPA|/о/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |П п {{IPA|/p/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Пп пп {{IPA|/pː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Пӏ пӏ {{IPA|/pʼ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Р р {{IPA|/r/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |С с {{IPA|/s/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Сс сс {{IPA|/sː/}} |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Т т {{IPA|/t/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Тт тт {{IPA|/tː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Тӏ тӏ {{IPA|/tʼ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |У у {{IPA|/u/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ф ф {{IPA|/f/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Х х {{IPA|/χ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хх хх {{IPA|/χː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хъ хъ {{IPA|/q/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хь хь {{IPA|/x/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хьхь хьхь {{IPA|/xː/}} |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хӏ хӏ {{IPA|/ħ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ц ц {{IPA|/t͡s/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Цц цц {{IPA|/t͡sː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Цӏ цӏ {{IPA|/t͡sʼ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ч ч {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Чч чч {{IPA|/t͡ʃː/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Чӏ чӏ {{IPA|/t͡ʃʼ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ш ш {{IPA|/ʃ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ъ ъ {{IPA|/ʔ/}} |Э э {{IPA|/e/}}; {{IPA|/ʔe/}} |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ю ю {{IPA|/ju/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ӱ ӱ {{IPA|/uˤ/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Я я {{IPA|/ja/}} | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Щ щ {{IPA|/ʃː/}} | | | | | | |} A na-ahụ mkpụrụedemede о, ф, ы, ё, ь naanị na okwu mgbazinye ego. anaghị apụta n'okwu-mbụ ma a na-ahụ ya naanị mgbe consonant gachara. == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.mekegi.com/dictionary/dialect/cud/ Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tsudaqar] * [https://ids.clld.org/contributions/513 Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Tsudaqar] qm5d29kviip917jawtsbcjxap0ik7yb 0 59237 743796 595202 2026-11-07T12:28:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743796 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nalca''' (Naltya, Naltje) bụ asụsụ Papuan a na-asụ na Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia . Aha ndị ọzọ bụ Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimnyal (Kimyal). A na-ejikarị nke ikpeazụ eme ihe maka Korupun-Sela . Kemendikbud Indonesia nkewa Nalca dị ka '''Mek Nalca''', ebe ''Kimyal'' na-eji Korupun-Sela. <ref name="e1">{{Cite web|url=https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/infobahasa2.php?idb=483&idp=Papua|title=Bahasa Kimyal|work=petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id|accessdate=2 March 2023|archivedate=29 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529092145/https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/infobahasa2.php?idb=483&idp=Papua}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Asụsụ Nalca bụ asụsụ edeghị ede ruo mgbe ndị ozi ala ọzọ si USA batara na mpaghara ahụ na mmalite 1960s. E wepụtara usoro ịgụ na ide, ọtụtụ ndị nọkwa n’ìgwè asụsụ Nalca mụtara ịgụ ihe. Roger Doriot si USA mụtara asụsụ ahụ wee dechaa nsụgharị nke Agba Ọhụrụ nke [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]] na 2000. == Nhazi == Nalca so na ngalaba ọdịda anyanwụ nke asụsụ Mek, nke bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya bụ nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta asụsụ Trans-New Guinea . <ref name="Suter">{{Cite journal|author=Suter|first=Edgar|title=The subject inflections of the Mek languages: a comparative reconstruction|journal=NUSA|volume=71|date=2021-09-01|issn=0126-2874|doi=10.15026/116867|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/217042/1/Suter.pdf|accessdate=2024-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304002010/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/217042/1/Suter.pdf|archive-date=2024-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nkesa ala == Ihe dị ka mmadụ 18,000 na-asụ asụsụ Nalca na Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua. <ref name="nlc">{{Cite web|author=Project|first=Joshua|title=Nalca language resources|work=Joshua Project|url=https://joshuaproject.net/languages/nlc|accessdate=2024-08-30}}</ref> == fonology == === Consonants === Nalca nwere consonants phonemic iri na ise: [ 5 ] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Igwe okwu consonant ! ! colspan="2" | Bilabial ! colspan="2" | Alveolar ! colspan="2" | Palatal ! colspan="2" | Velar ! colspan="2" | Laryngeal |- ! Plosive | style="border-right-width: 0;" | pʰ | style="border-left-width: 0;" | b | style="border-right-width: 0;" | tʰ | style="border-left-width: 0;" | d | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | kʰ | style="border-left-width: 0;" | ɡ | style="border-right-width: 0;" | ʔ | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |- ! Nke na-ese okwu | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | s | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | h | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |- ! Ihu imi | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | m | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | n | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | ŋ | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |- ! Kpatụ ma ọ bụ kpatụ | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | ɾ | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |- ! Odika | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | w | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | j | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |} * /tʰ/ na-apụta naanị na okwu mbinye ego na aha. === Udaume === Nalca nwere ụdaume ụda olu ise: [ 5 ] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Igwe ekwentị Monophthong ! ! N'ihu ! Central ! Azu |- ! Mechie | i | | u |- ! N'etiti etiti | e | | o |- ! Oghere-etiti | ɛ | | ɔ |- ! Mepee | | a | |} == Ụtọ asụsụ == === Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ === Nalca bụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ozuzu, mana na-egosipụta usoro agglutination sara mbara na nhazi ngwaa. === Syntax === Usoro okwu Nalca na-emebu bụ isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa (SOV). == Ntụaka == na ide, ọtụtụ ndị nọkwa n’ìgwè asụsụ Nalca mụtara n'aka asụsụ obodo{{Reflist}}  llp1cez7r9hrcg8komdhe7kqzwcch73 0 60092 743823 674722 2026-11-07T18:50:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Barbara Makhalisa.jpg|thumb|Barbara Makhalisa]] Barbara Makhalisa (amụrụ 1949), [1] makwaara aha ọlụlụ ya dị ka Barbara Nkala, bụ onye nkuzi, onye ode akwụkwọ Zimbabwe, onye ntụgharị Ndebele, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye mbipụta, otu n'ime ndị edemede nwanyị izizi ebipụtara na Zimbabwe.[2] Ọ bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ e dere na Ndebele, yana n'asụsụ Bekee, nke ụfọdụ ejirila dị ka akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.[4] Barbara lụrụ Shadreck Nkala. Ha nwere ụmụ atọ toro eto na ụmụ ụmụ isii. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Barbara Clara Makhalisa na Zimbabwe, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Gweru Teachers' College, na-amụ Ndebele na Bekee ("n'oge a na-ewere ihe niile a na-achị achị ka ọ dị elu").<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nyaradzo.co.zw/storage/2022/02/Sahwira-Spotlight-FIRST-EDITION.pdf|title=Arts Legends {{!}} Barbara Makhalisa-Nkala – Taking pride in the development of local languages|work=Sahwira Spotlight|date=February 2022}}</ref> Ọrụ edemede ya malitere mgbe o meriri asọmpi mba ya na akwụkwọ mbụ ya, ''Qilindini'', ihe nchọpụta na-akpali akpali nke e dere na Ndebele, n'oge ahụ ọ bụ naanị nwanyị edemede nke abụọ na Ndebele. Akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ, akwụkwọ Ndebele ''Umendo'' ("Alụmdi na nwunye bụ ịgba chaa chaa", 1977, Mambo Press, 1977), a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe ochie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How women have stormed the literary world|first=Joyce|author=Jenje Makwenda|url=https://www.thepatriot.co.zw/old_posts/how-women-have-stormed-the-literary-world/|work=The Patriot|date=23 March 2016|access-date=29 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212164359/https://www.thepatriot.co.zw/old_posts/how-women-have-stormed-the-literary-world/|archive-date=12 December 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> O kwuru, sị: "Echere m na ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ide n'asụsụ ala ha.... A na-echekwa ọdịbendị anyị niile n'asụsụ, akwụkwọ bụkwa ụlọ nchekwa maka ọdịbendị. "<ref name=Kelso>Casey Kelso, [http://www.icwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/CCK-11.pdf "If it's written in English, is it really African literature?"], Institute of Current World Affairs, 15 September 1992, p. 2.</ref> Ihe odide ya n'asụsụ Bekee gụnyere The Underdog and Other Stories (Mambo Press, 1984) na Eva's Song: A Collection of Short Stories (Harper Collins, 1996). Akụkọ ya "Different Values" pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Margaret Busby]] nke 1992 Daughters of Africa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/meet-gogo-nkala-the-matriarch-with-swagger/|title=Meet Gogo Nkala, the matriarch with swagger|first=Mbulelo|author=Mpofu|work=The Chronicle|date=22 January 2022|accessdate=29 March 2025|archivedate=12 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212165939/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/meet-gogo-nkala-the-matriarch-with-swagger/}}</ref> Na 1981 ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ndị na-ebipụta Longman Zimbabwe.[1] Na 1991 ọ hapụrụ Longman wee soro di ya rụkọọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ezinụlọ ruo afọ ise tupu a kpọọ ya onye isi International Bible Society Zimbabwe (IBS Zimbabwe) dị ka onye nduzi mba na Malawi na Zimbabwe. ọ haziri nsụgharị na ibipụta Bible ọhụrụ IBS Shona na Ndebele, yana Chichewa New Testament. Ọ hapụrụ IBS na 2005. Ọ na-arụkwa ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ Radiant Publishing Company, [2] onye ọhụụ ya bụ ibipụta maka mgbanwe.. N'afọ 2015, ọ natara akara ugo mmụta na National University of Science and Technology (NUST) na Bulawayo . Nkala bụ onye otu Brethren In Christ Church na Zimbabwe. Dị ka onye okenye na ụka ya, ọ nọdụrụ n'ọtụtụ bọọdụ enyemaka. Mmetụta ya na ụka agbaala ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto ume ide akụkọ ha ma bipụta ọtụtụ n'ime ha na Good Words / Amazwi Amahle na Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya mpaghara nke nzukọ Mennonite World Conference <ref>{{Cite web|author=pwadmin|date=2019-07-29|title=Regional Representatives|url=https://mwc-cmm.org/regional-representatives|accessdate=27 April 2021|work=Mennonite World Conference|language=en|archivedate=2021-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429184627/https://mwc-cmm.org/regional-representatives}}</ref> Southern Africa na-ekpuchi South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, na Zimbabwe. Nkala na ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ gosipụtara na Doris Dube's Silent Labourers . <ref>.{{Cite book|author=Dube|first=Doris|title=Silent labourers|date=2002|publisher=Radiant|isbn=0-7974-2444-X|location=Harare|oclc=818622306}}</ref> === Akụkọ ifo === * ''Qilindini (Cheat!'' Ndebele, novel 1974, Longman Zimbabwe){{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} * ''Umendo'' ( Marriage is a gamble. Ndebele, novel, 1977, Mambo Press)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Makhalisa|first=Barbara|title=Umendo|publisher=Mambo Press|year=1977|isbn=0869226193|location=Gweru|pages=1–136}}</ref> * ''Umhlaba lo!'' (What a world!; Ndebele, 1977, Mambo Press)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Barbara Nkala|url=http://www.bcmnliterarytrust.org/the-author/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412130021/http://www.bcmnliterarytrust.org/the-author/|archivedate=2021-04-12}}</ref> * ''Impilo yinkinga'' (Life is a Mystery, Ndebele novel, 1984, Mambo Press)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Makhalisa|first=Barbara|title=Impilo Yinkinga|publisher=[[Longman]]|year=1983|isbn=9780582587175|location=Harare|pages=1–163}}</ref> * ''The Underdog and Other Stories'', Mambo Press, 1984 ({{ISBN|978-0869223345}}) * ''Calfy Says'' (Children's stories, 1991, Longman Zimbabwe){{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} * ''Eva's Song'', Harper Collins, 1996 ({{ISBN|978-1779040114}}) * ''Beasty Bones and other Baddies'' (Children's instructions on Health story, 1991, Longman Zimbabwe){{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} * ''Ujojojo KaMaNtombi'' (Ndebele Children's story, 1991, Longman Zimbabwe) * ''Woza Lazo'' (co-authored, Ndebele infant Rhymes 1991, Longman Zimbabwe) * Primary Ndebele Texts for schools Grade 6 and 7. Longman Zimbabwe * Various English and Ndebele poems and short stories (Zimbabwe Women Writers Anthology, 1994) * ''Vus' Inkophe/Masimba'', 1997<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vus' inkophe: isiphala sezindatshana zeZimbabwe Women Writers|date=1996|publisher=Zimbabwe Women Writers|editor=Barbara Nkala|isbn=0-7974-1609-9|location=Harare|oclc=37722220}}</ref> * ''The Book Fair Book'', 1993{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} * ''Giya Giya'' (Poetry, 1990){{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Giya Giya|publisher=Radiant|year=2021|isbn=9781779216557|editor=Makhalisa Nkala|location=Zimbabwe|pages=1–328}}</ref> === Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ma ọ bụ onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ === * Ime emume ọhụụ: Otu narị afọ nke ịgha mkpụrụ na owuwe ihe ubi, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Celebrating the vision: a century of sowing and reaping|date=1998|publisher=Brethren in Christ Church|editor=Barbara Nkala|isbn=0-7974-1836-9|location=Bulawayo, Zimbabwe|oclc=40774018}}</ref> Baptist Publishing House, 1998 * ''Rainbow After a Storm: Akụkọ nke Mfu, iru uju na ọgwụgwọ'', Radiant, 2008 * Thaph' uluju: iqoqo lezindatshana, ilifa lakho, 2010<ref>{{Cite book|author=Nkala|first=Barbara|title=Thaph' uluju: iqoqo lezindatshana, ilifa lakho|date=2010|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-7974-4279-5|location=Harare|oclc=671238627}}</ref> * ''Sithini IsiNdebele?'' site n'aka Issac N Mpofu, 2011<ref>{{Cite book|author=Mpofu|first=I. N.|title=Sithini isiNdebele?|date=2011|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-7974-4280-1|location=Harare, Zimbabwe|oclc=755905987}}</ref> * ''Izinyawo Zayizolo'' nke Tsitsi Nomsa Ngwenya, 2016 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Ngwenya|first=Tsitsi Nomsa|title=Izinyawo zayizolo|date=2016|isbn=978-0-7974-7241-9|location=Harare, Zimbabwe|oclc=960043403|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|work=This Is Africa|first=Priviledge|author=Mugejo|title=Interview — Ndebele novelist Tsitsi Nomsa Ngwenya is seeking the ancient paths|date=19 May 2022|url=https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/interview-ndebele-novelist-tsitsi-nomsa-ngwenya/|accessdate=2023-05-16|language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Umkhosi Wenhliziyo'' nke Olivia M. Sibanda, 2020 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Sibanda|first=Olivia Mahwaya|authorlink=Olivia Sibanda|title=Umkhosi wenhliziyo|date=2020|isbn=978-1-77925-359-0|location=Harare, Zimbabwe|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|oclc=1264735172}}</ref> * ''Uhambo Lwempilo'' nke Lindani Phiri, 2020 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Phiri|first=Lindani|title=Uhambo lwempilo|date=2020|isbn=978-1-77925-467-2|location=Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|oclc=1268543172}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ === * ''Inkondlo'' (Nchịkọta nke Abụ site n'aka ndị edemede nwanyị Zimbabwe) <ref>{{Cite book|author=Zimbabwe Women Writers|title=Selections Inkondlo|publisher=Zimbabwe Women Writers|year=1998|location=Harare|pages=28–30, 37, 48–50}}</ref> * Golide: Gogo Khokho, biri, hụ ya n'anya ma hapụ ihe nketa, Radiant, 2011<ref>{{Cite book|author=Dube|first=Doris|title=Golide: gogo khokho-- lived, loved & left a legacy|date=2011|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|editor=Barbara Nkala|isbn=978-0-7974-4660-1|location=Harare, Zimbabwe|oclc=781940002}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book|title=Growing and branching out: Brethren in Christ Church in Zimbabwe and southern Africa|date=2014|editor=Nkala|isbn=978-0-7974-5977-9|edition=First|location=Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|oclc=928047296}}</ref> * Ịzụlite na ịpụ apụ: Ụmụnna na Chọọchị Kraịst na Zimbabwe na ndịda Afrịka, Radiant, 2014 <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Umusa Wansuku zonke: Ugwalo 2'', Radiant 2006<ref>{{Cite book|title=Umusa Wansuku Zonke Ugwalo 2|publisher=Radiant Publishing Company|year=2006|isbn=0797431128|location=Harare}}</ref> * Okwu mmalite nke ''Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele'' (Ndebele Dictionary) 2001 site na African Languages Research Institute, UZ Harare <ref>{{Cite book|author=Hadebe|first=Samukele|title=Isichazamazwi Sesindebele|date=2001|publisher=College Press [in conjunction with the] African Languages Research Institute|others=ALLEX Project, University of Zimbabwe. African Languages Research Institute|isbn=1-77900-404-4|location=Harare, Zimbabwe|oclc=48619090}}</ref> === Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na ihe nrite === * PHd si NUST <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chronicle|first=The|title=President caps 2,388 at Nust|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/president-caps-2388-at-nust/|accessdate=24 May 2022|work=The Chronicle|date=14 November 2015|language=en-GB}}</ref> * 40 National Arts Merit Awards (NAMA) Legends Award<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe: NAMA 2021 a Thunderous Triumph, But... {{!}} NAMA Legends|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202103290092.html|first=Tafadzwa|author=Zimoyo|work=The Herald|date=29 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506104853/https://allafrica.com/stories/202103290092.html|archivedate=6 May 2021}}</ref> === Mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya === * Ntụziaka<ref>{{Cite web|title=Barbara Makhalisa Nkala|url=https://barbaramnkala.blogspot.com/p/authors-biography.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412130023/https://barbaramnkala.blogspot.com/p/authors-biography.html|archivedate=12 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=pwadmin|date=1 August 2019|title='God greatly sustained me'|url=https://mwc-cmm.org/renewal-2027/stories/%E2%80%9Cgod-greatly-sustained-me%E2%80%9D|accessdate=27 April 2021|work=Mennonite World Conference|language=en|archivedate=27 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427081156/https://mwc-cmm.org/renewal-2027/stories/%E2%80%9Cgod-greatly-sustained-me%E2%80%9D}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> * Barbara Nkala Literary Trust <ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome To BCMN Literary Trust – Barbara Clara Makhalisa Nkala Literary Trust|url=http://www.bcmnliterarytrust.org/|accessdate=27 April 2021|language=en}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT: Makhalisa, Barbara}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bj2m9w10d3syvfc9wnteaqlogznz79e 0 60754 743878 695942 2026-11-08T10:25:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Festus Olanrewaju Akingbaso|office=Member of [[House of Representative]]|country=[[Nigeria]]|constituency=[[Idanre]] / [[Ifedore]] Federal Constituency|term_start=June 2023|term_end=June 2027|party=[[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|Peoples Democratic Party]]|status=Incumbent|occupation=Politician|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1970|06|06}}|office1=|office2=|termstart1=|termend1=|termstart2=|termend2=|nationality=Nigerian|image=Festus Akingbaso.jpg}} '''Festus Olanrewaju Akingbaso''' nke a maara dị ka Fessy West (A mụrụ na 6 June 1970) bụ onye ọchụnta ego na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye nnọchi anya Idanre / Ifedore Federal Constituency na 10th okpuru ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=YAKUB|first=ABDULRASHEED|date=7 March 2023|title=INEC releases full list of elected lawmakers for Nigeria's 10th Assembly|url=https://gazettengr.com/inec-releases-full-list-of-elected-lawmakers-for-nigerias-10th-assembly/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Peoples Gazette Nigeria|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228163202/https://gazettengr.com/inec-releases-full-list-of-elected-lawmakers-for-nigerias-10th-assembly/|archive-date=28 December 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Political Representation|url=https://idanreland.com/political_representation/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Idanre - Idanreland.com - Idanre Kingdom|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mmalite na mmalite ndụ == A mụrụ Festus na 6 June 1970. Ọ bụ onye Idanre na Ondo Steeti . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation|url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Akingbaso-Festus-Olarewaju-3342&utm_|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=orderpaper.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Akingbaso-Festus-Olarewaju-3342&utm_ "10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation"]. ''orderpaper.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Akingbaso jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Kansụl Gọọmentị Obodo Idanre na 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ondo LG Election: PDP Clears All 18 Council Chairmanship Seats, Loses Only 1 Councillorship Seat. – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/04/24/ondo-lg-election-pdp-clears-all-18-council-chairmanship-seats-loses-only-1-councillorship-seat/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye otu na-anọchite anya mpaghara Idanre na Ondo State Ụlọ Mgbakọ.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=Adeleke|first=Ade|title=Ondo lawmaker Akingbaso puts smiles on faces of Idanre youths, sets for another empowerment|url=https://sunshinetruthng.com/2021/09/26/ondo-lawmaker-puts-smiles-on-faces-of-idanre-youths-sets-for-another-empowerment/|work=Sunshine Truth|date=26 September 2021}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, ọ jụrụ nhọpụta ya dị ka osote onye ndú nke ndị ka nta na Ondo State , na-ekwu na ọ maghị banyere Impeachment nke osote onye isi oche [[Ogundeji Iroju]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Babajide|first=Abdul|date=25 November 2020|title=Lawmaker rejects appointment as Deputy Minority Leader in Ondo Assembly|url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/11/25/lawmaker-rejects-appointment-as-deputy-minority-leader-in-ondo-assembly/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Idanre / Ifedore Federal Constituency n'okpuru ikpo okwu nke People's Democratic Party (PDP). <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=ShineYourEye|url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/akingbaso-festus-olanrewaju|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2024, PDP họọrọ Festus dị ka onye osote gọvanọ, na-ejikọta ya na Agboola Ajayi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Game Changer: Ajayi/Akingbaso Combo Set to Shake Up Ondo Politics – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/07/30/game-changer-ajayi-akingbaso-combo-set-to-shake-up-ondo-politics/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ogunseyin|first=Oluyemi|date=9 June 2024|title=Ondo guber: PDP's Agboola names Festus Akingbaso as running mate|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ondo-guber-pdps-agboola-names-festus-akingbaso-as-running-mate/|accessdate=28 December 2024|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> Akingbaso enyewo aka na mmepe obodo site na atụmatụ na-akwado nguzobe nke mpaghara mmepe (LCDAs) n'ime mpaghara ya.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 November 2023|title=Federal lawmaker, Festus Akingbaso donates N20m for LCDAs take-off|url=https://pathnews.com.ng/federal-lawmaker-festus-akingbaso-donates-n20m-for-lcdas-take-off/|pages=Path News}}</ref> O kwukwara na ọ ga-amalitekwa mmemme nkwado agụmakwụkwọ n'ime steeti ahụ..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Collins|first=Dupson|date=11 August 2024|title=Idanre/Ifedore: Fessywest Summer Lesson Begins August 13|url=https://pathnews.com.ng/idanre-ifedore-fessywest-summer-lesson-begins-august-13/|pages=Pathnews}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akingbaso, Festus}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] lse0pq6a1o8ahnwvnvf88spfgadz2a6 0 64544 743827 720437 2026-11-07T19:31:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Bello Bala Shagari | image = Bello Shagari Portrait.jpg | birth_name = Muhammad Bello Bala Shagari | caption = Bello Shagari portrait | office = President of the [[National Youth Council of Nigeria]] | term_start = 24 July 2018 | term_end = 9 March 2020 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|04|26|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Sokoto (city)|Sokoto]], [[Sokoto State]], [[Nigeria]] | parents = [[Muhammad Bala Shagari]] | education = [[Middlesex University]], London. | children = | blank1 = Nickname | data1 = ''Belshagy'' | death_place = | website = {{URL|belloshagari.com}} }} '''Bello Shagari''' {{Pronunciation|Ha-Bello Shagari.ogg|Hausa pronunciation|help=no}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1988) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya otu Non-Aligned Movement Youth Organization (NAMYO) na Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite news|title=At NAM, Nigeria makes case for global peace, stability|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/at-nam-nigeria-makes-case-for-global-peace-stability/|work=Vanguard News|date=26 July 2022}}</ref> Tupu nke ahụ, ọ duziri National Youth Council of Nigeria na Royal African Young Leadership Forum . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|title=Ooni of Ife appoints Shagari as head of RAYLF|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/ooni-of-ife-appoints-shagari-as-head-of-raylf/|work=Vanguard News|date=8 August 2020}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Bello bụ nwa nwa ama ama nke onye bụbu onye isi ala Naịjirịa bụ Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] onye na-etinye aka na Youth Activism. Ọ mara ọkwa ọnwụ nna ya na 28 Disemba afo 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Cowell|first=Alan|title=Shehu Shagari, Nigerian President During ’80s Oil Crisis, Dies at 93|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/29/obituaries/shehu-shagari-dead.html|work=The New York Times|date=29 December 2018}}</ref> Nna ya bụ nwa mbụ nke onye isi ala, Mallam [[Muhammad Bala Shagari]] nke Shagari, Sokoto Steeti. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Sokoto ma mesịa nwee SSCE ya na ụlọakwụkwọ Police Secondary School Minna, Niger Steeti. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Cadet Commander na otu Cadet Club nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Business Information Systems & Information Technology na Mahadum Middlesex London. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afo 2012, ọ kụziri obere oge dị ka onye nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị n'obodo ya bụ Shagari.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=About|url=https://www.belloshagari.com/about|work=belloshagari.com|accessdate=30 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230234010/https://www.belloshagari.com/about|archivedate=30 December 2018}}</ref> O nwere utu aha onye isi nke '''Yarima''' nke Shagari. == Ọrụ == Bello Shagari guzobere Barcode Multimedia na afo 2012. O mepụtara ihe ndekọ na ọdịnaya gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkwado. Otu n'ime ihe ndekọ dị otú ahụ "One Nation, One Destiny" nke malitere na afo 2013, ihe ndekọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naijiria na-elekwasị anya na ogologo ahụmahụ nke Onye isi ala Shehu Shagari site na tupu nnwere onwe ruo mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye isi ala mbụ nke Naijeria na afo 1979. N'ihi ya, n'ime nyocha na ajụjụ ọnụ, Bello ezutewo ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama, ndị nnọchiteanya, ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọtụtụ ndị isi.  Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọ zutere gụnyere ndị isi ala Naijiria n'oge gara aga na ugbu a dịka [[Yakubu Gowon]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Gen. [[Muhammadu Buhari]], [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]], [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] na [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=About|url=https://www.belloshagari.com/about|work=belloshagari.com|accessdate=30 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230234010/https://www.belloshagari.com/about|archivedate=30 December 2018}}</ref> Ọ gbara ndị a ma ama ajụjụ ọnụ dị ka Prọfesọ Jean Herskovits, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mahadum Steeti nke New York, onye nnọchi anya mba US na onye nnọchianya Thomas Pickering, na Clifford May, onye bụbu onye nta akụkọ New York Times na onye isi oche nke otu Foundation for Defense of Democracy, na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Shagari Documentary|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtKWv6_Oxt8|accessdate=6 October 2016|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Dị ka onye na-eme ngagharị iwe, a họpụtara Bello dị ka onyeisi oche nke otu National Youth Council of Nigeria Sokoto Steeti Chapter na afo 2017 mgbe o mere ngagharị iwe ma dochie nwoke dị afọ 52 nke na-anọ n'ọkwa ahụ n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sokoto state has a 52yr old youth council chairman which was the beginning of his active participation into political activities?|url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2017/11/sokoto-state-has-a-52yr-old-youth-council-chairman.html|work=Linda Ikeji's Blog|language=en|date=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Stay Clear of Sokoto NYCN, You Are No Longer a Youth - Nurudeen Mahe Warns|url=http://orbitnews.ng/stay-clear-sokoto-nycn-no-longer-youth-nurudeen-mahe-warns/politics/|work=Orbitnews|date=5 August 2017}}</ref> Mgbalị ya siri ike ma gbaa ọsọ maka ọkwa onye isi oche nke National Youth Council of Nigeria na afo 2018 Unity Congress nke emere na Gombe nke ọ meriri na ntuli aka siri ike nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ama ama na afo 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Warami|first=Urowayino|title=Bello Bala-Shagari: Shooting star who considers the future distractive|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/bello-bala-shagari-shooting-star-who-considers-the-future-distractive/|work=Vanguard News Nigeria|date=9 January 2019}}</ref> Dị ka Onye isi oche nke otu NYCN Sokoto Steeti Chapter, ya na ndị ọzọ Gọọmentị na ndị na-abụghị Gọọmentụ jikọrọ aka ịmalite mmemme a maara dị ka RRTE na Sokoto State iji gbochie enweghị ọrụ, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na ime ihe ike obodo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=NYCN Sokoto Celebrates International Day of Peace|url=https://whistletimes.com/2017/09/22/nycn-sokoto-celebrates-international-day-peace/|work=Whistle Times|date=22 September 2017|accessdate=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044355/https://whistletimes.com/2017/09/22/nycn-sokoto-celebrates-international-day-peace/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ na-etinye aka ugbu a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-achọ ịbụ onye isi oche nke ntuli aka otu Abuja Municipal Area Council AMAC, n'okpuru All Progressives Congress na afo 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Okogba|first=Emmanuel|title=AMAC Election: Chairmanship aspirant, Bello Bala Shagari solicits youths, others' support|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/amac-election-chairmanship-aspirant-bello-bala-shagari-solicit-youths-others-support/|work=Vanguard News|date=22 April 2021}}</ref> == Onye isi oche NYCN == A họpụtara Shagari ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke National Youth Council of Nigeria na Unity Congress na Gombe Steetị na 25 Julaị afo 2018. Shagari nwetara vootu 249 megide 234 nke onye mmegide ya, AlMustapha Asuku Abdullahi. N'ihi ya, ọ pụtara dị ka onye isi ala. Tupu ọ pụta dị ka Onye isi oche nke National Youth Council of Nigeria, Shagari bụ onye isi oche ndị otu The NYCN Sokoto State Chapter . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shagari, Nduanya emerge new NPCN president, deputy|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/shagari-nduanya-emerge-new-nycn-president-deputy/|accessdate=7 July 2018|publisher=Vanguard News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Itodo|first=Yemi|title=Youth Council elects new leadership, expels former President|url=http://dailypost.ng/2018/07/24/youth-council-elects-new-leadership-expels-former-president/|work=Daily Post|accessdate=30 December 2018}}</ref> Na ogbako ndi ntorobịa nke Afro-Arab nke atọ nke emere na Khartoum, Sudan, Shagari pụtara dika onye nchikota nke odida anyanwu Afrika, nke otu ndi ntorobia Afro-Arab.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sokoto|first=ANKELI EMMANUEL|title=Shagari Emerges West Africa Afro-Arab Coordinator|url=https://leadership.ng/2018/12/15/shagari-emerges-west-africa-afro-arab-coordinator/|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=15 December 2018}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ ghọchara onye isi oche nke NYCN, Shagari nwetara ohere ikike 3,700 maka ndị ntorobịa Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Suleiman|first=Mustapha|title=NDE to train 3,700 youths nationwide – DG|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/nde-to-train-3700-youths-nationwide-dg.html|work=Daily Trust|date=24 September 2018}}</ref> NYCN n'okpuru Shagari ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'ihi mgbasa ozi o mepụtara maka nzukọ ahụ site na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-ekwu okwu nke ukwuu n'okwu gbasara itinye ndị ntorobịa karịsịa n'oge ntuli aka nke afo 2019 ebe ndị nkatọ ya boro ya ebubo na ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị mmegide ka ọ jụrụ ịkwado òtù na-achị achị n'ihu ọha.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Usman|first=Umar Shehu|title=Youth leader cautions against fake endorsements|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/youth-leader-cautions-against-fake-endorsements.html|work=Daily Trust|date=31 January 2019}}</ref> Mana ka emechara, o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime ụlọ ime ụlọ nke mere ka e mepụta Ministry for Youth & Sports Development na Kano wee họpụta onye isi oche steeti ahụ dịka Kọmishọna site n'aka Gọvanọ. [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sunday|first=Simon Echewofun|title=NYCN lauds Ganduje for appointing youth commissioner|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/nycn-lauds-ganduje-for-appointing-youth-commissioner.html|work=Daily Trust|date=8 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano Govt. to create ministry of youths and sports|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/28/kano-govt-to-create-ministry-of-youths-and-sports/|work=P.M. News|date=28 May 2019}}</ref> Ọ hụrụ nlọghachi otu ahụ na isonye na mmemme mba ụwa ọkachasị n'ofe Afrịka.  Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ mmemme ya n'ụlọ dara n'ihi ọgba aghara na-ama jijiji NYCN n'oge ya. A na-agụnye ya n'etiti ndị ntorobịa kachasị nwee mmetụta na Naijiria naanị ọnwa isii n'ọchịchị ma tinye ya n'ime obodo nke Crans Montana New Leaders of Tomorrow na afo 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Friday|first=Ebriku John|title=PMB’s PA, Mikel, Simi, Among 2018 100 Most Influential Young Nigerians|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/01/10/pmbs-pa-mikel-simi-among-2018-100-most-influential-young-nigerians/|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=10 January 2019}}</ref> === Ịgba arụkwaghịm === Ọgba aghara na-ama jijiji na National Youth Council kemgbe afo 2014, mgbe e mechara ntuli aka na-ese okwu nke butere mwepụ nke Minista na-ahụ maka ntorobịa na mmepe egwuregwu n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why Youth Devt Minister was sacked|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/08/why-youth-devt-minister-was-sacked/|work=Vanguard News|date=27 August 2013}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbalị e mere n'udo webatara ndị ọchịchị ọhụrụ a họpụtara ọhụrụ nke Shagari na-edu na Gombe dị ka ndị Federal Ministry for Youth and Sport na-elekọta.  N’oge na-adịghị anya ka ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, mmegide malitere ịmaliteghachi n’etiti ndị otu ndị isi oche nke NYCN..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shagari appeals to youths on NYCN situation|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/shagari-appeals-to-youths-on-nycn-situation/q79q1v3|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=6 May 2019|date=5 June 2019|archivedate=7 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607183953/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/shagari-appeals-to-youths-on-nycn-situation/q79q1v3}}</ref> Otu ọzọ ga-apụta mgbe ọnwa atọ gachara na Port Harcourt.  Nke ahụ tinyere mmegide sitere n'aka ụfọdụ ndị gọọmentị gbakọtara ọnụ iji mebie Shagari duru NYCN bụ nke na-esiwanyewanye ike n'ebe ụfọdụ ndị ọ metụtara.  Agbanyeghị, mbọ niile e mere ịchụpụ Shagari n'ọkwa dara nke gụnyere mbọ ị nweta votu enweghị ntụkwasị obi megide ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Matazu|first=Hafsah Abubakar|title=Any coup against me will be unsuccessful – Shagari|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/any-coup-against-me-will-be-unsuccessful-shagari.html|work=Daily Trust|date=7 June 2019}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ndị isi ya nyefere votu ntụkwasị obi nke ọma<ref>{{Cite news|title=NYCN passes vote of confidence on late President Shagari’s grandson, Bello|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/nycn-passes-vote-of-confidence-on-late-president-shagaris-grandson-bello.html|work=Daily Trust|date=6 May 2019}}</ref> Ka ọgba aghara ahụ mere ka ọrụ kansụl kwụsị site n'ịmepụta akụkụ atọ ndị ọzọ, Shagari ji aka ya gbaa arụkwaghịm na 9 Machị afo 2020 dị ka ngosipụta nke udo. Shagari bụ onye isi oche NYCN mbụ ji aka ya gbaa arụkwaghịm.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Put your activities on hold, FG orders youth council {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/347320-put-your-activities-on-hold-fg-orders-youth-council.html|date=18 August 2019}}</ref> A na-eme ya ọtụtụ ugboro maka omume ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=President National Youth Council of Nigeria, Bello Shagari Resigns|url=https://puoreports.ng/2020/03/08/president-national-youth-council-of-nigeria-bello-shagari-resigns/|work=PUO REPORTS|accessdate=8 March 2020|date=8 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Abuja|first=Chibuzo Ukaibe|title=NYCN President Tasks Nigerians Youths On Ensuring Peace, Unity|url=https://leadership.ng/2020/07/16/nycn-president-tasks-nigerians-youths-on-ensuring-peace-unity/|work=Leadership Newspaper|date=16 July 2020}}</ref> == Onyinye == * Ihe oyiyi ndị ntorobịa nke Afọ 2018 site na National Association of Voluntary Youth Organisations. * Ihe nrite nke ịdị mma site n'aka Abdulsalami Abubakar Institute for Peace and Sustainable Development * Onyinye Honorary Fellowship site na Kansụl Na-achị Isi nke Nchebe na Ọmụmụ Ihe Naịjirịa * Ndị ntorobịa Naijiria kacha nwee mmetụta 2018 - Nduzi na Ọha <ref>{{Cite news|author=Usman|first=Umar Shehu|title=Bello Shagari, others bag 2018 Outstanding Youth awards|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/bello-shagari-others-bag-2018-outstanding-youth-awards.html|work=Daily Trust|date=15 February 2019}}</ref> * Crans Montana Ndị ndu ọhụrụ nke echi, Dakhla, Morocco, 2019 <ref name="New Leaders of Tomorrow">{{Cite web|title=Crans Montana Forum|url=https://www.cmf.ch/index.php?page=21|work=www.cmf.ch|access-date=2025-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224160127/https://www.cmf.ch/index.php?page=21|archive-date=2023-02-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Onyinye nke Royal African Medal na Nkwado na Gọọmentị na idu ndú site na Royal African Young Leadership Forum RAYLF 2020. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Muhammad Bello Bala}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ojhe0r20mn7xxyiug2hruzxqg7kd93t 0 65374 743874 697790 2026-11-08T09:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunice Njeri Sahle''' <ref name="Jennings 2006">{{Cite journal|author=Jennings|first=Michael|date=2006|title=Review of The Legacies of Julius Nyerere: Influences on Development Discourse and Practice in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2006-04_105_419/page/299|journal=African Affairs|volume=105|issue=419|pages=299–300|issn=0001-9909}}</ref> bụ onye Kenya na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na ọkà mmụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọpụrụiche na mmepe akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Africa, o bipụtala ọtụtụ mpịakọta edeziri, gụnyere The Legacies of Julius Nyerere (2002), na ọ bụ 2016 Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum North Carolina na Chapel Hill wee chịkwaa ngalaba ha nke African na Afro-American Studies (2012-2016, 2017-2021). == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Sahle na James K. Mugo, onye ọrụ gọọmentị bi na Nairobi, na nwunye ya Esther. Ezinụlọ Anglịkan ya bara ọgaranya ma "nwere ụzọ isi zipụ ụmụ ha isii n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi".<ref name="UNC 2013" /> Akụkọ nne ya banyere nwa akwụkwọ Black Kenya mbụ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Limuru Girls' School kpaliri ya; Sahle mechara zute nwa akwụkwọ ahụ mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji.Ọ gara Mahadum Toronto, ebe ọ nwetara BA na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmepe mba ụwa na MA na sayensụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na Mahadum Queen na Kingston, ebe ọ natara PhD na ọmụmụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="UNC aaad" /> Ọ bụ Colin Leys lekọtara akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya bụ Democratisation in Malawi: State, Economic Structure and Neo-Liberal Hegemony . Sahle ghọrọ akụkụ nke Mahadum North Carolina dị na Chapel Hill, bụrụ onye prọfesọ osote na ngalaba ha nke Africa, African American and Diaspora Studies.<ref name="UNC 2013">{{Cite web|author=Moss|first=Gary|date=2013-09-10|title=A live-changing moment|url=https://www.unc.edu/discover/a-live-changing-moment/|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=University Gazette}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFMoss2013">Moss, Gary (10 September 2013). [https://www.unc.edu/discover/a-live-changing-moment/ "A live-changing moment"]. ''University Gazette''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2025</span> &#x2013; via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.</cite></ref>Na Jenụwarị 1, 2012, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke ngalaba ahụ ka Julius Nyang'oro gbasịrị arụkwaghịm n'etiti Mahadum North Carolina agụmakwụkwọ-egwuregwu egwuregwu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ellis|first=Lindsay|date=2014-01-06|title=Professors in Classroom on Time? Check.: At the U. of North Carolina, a culture of autonomy falls victim to one department's no-show scandal|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|id={{ProQuest|1476179870}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> O mechara rụọ ọrụ ruo n'afọ 2016, yana oge ọzọ site n'afọ 2017 ruo 2021.<ref name="UNC aaad">{{Cite web|title=Eunice Sahle|url=https://aaad.unc.edu/faculty-staff/eunice-sahle/|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122222712/https://aaad.unc.edu/faculty-staff/eunice-sahle/|archive-date=2025-01-22|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[https://aaad.unc.edu/faculty-staff/eunice-sahle/ "Eunice Sahle"]. ''University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke UNC Chapel Hill's African Studies Center . <ref name="UNC aaad" /> Sahle bụ ọkachamara na mmepe akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Africa.<ref name="UNC 2013"/> N'afọ 2002, ya na [[David McDonald (political scientist)|David McDonald]] jikọrọ aka dezie The Legacies of Julius Nyerere, mpịakọta nke akwụkwọ nnọkọ banyere onye ọchịchị Tanzania aha ya. <ref name="Jennings 2006" />{{Cite journal|author=Jennings|first=Michael|date=2006|title=Review of The Legacies of Julius Nyerere: Influences on Development Discourse and Practice in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2006-04_105_419/page/299|journal=African Affairs|volume=105|issue=419|pages=299–300|issn=0001-9909}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFJennings2006">Jennings, Michael (2006). "Review of The Legacies of Julius Nyerere: Influences on Development Discourse and Practice in Africa". ''African Affairs''. '''105''' (419): <span class="nowrap">299–</span>300. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9909 0001-9909]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3876792 3876792].</cite></ref> N'afọ 2004, ya na Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o so dee edemede Diogenes banyere Hegelianism na ọrụ [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Thiong'o|first=Ngugi Wa|date=2004|title=Hegel in African Literature: Achebe’s Answer|journal=Diogenes|volume=51|issue=2|pages=63–67|doi=10.1177/0392192104044274|issn=0392-1921}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, o bipụtara World Orders, Development and Transformation, akwụkwọ gbasara usoro mba ụwa nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Orders, Development and Transformation|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230274860|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=SpringerLink}}</ref> O mechara dezie mpịakọta atọ gbasara ọmụmụ Afrịka: Globalization and Socio-Cultural Processes in Contemporary Africa (2015); Democracy, Constitutionalism, and Politics in Africa (2017); na Human Rights in Africa: Contemporary Debates and Struggles (2019). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Globalization and Socio-Cultural Processes in Contemporary Africa|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137519146|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=SpringerLink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Democracy, Constitutionalism, and Politics in Africa|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/978-1-137-55592-2|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=SpringerLink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights in Africa: Contemporary Debates and Struggles|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/978-1-137-51915-3|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=SpringerLink}}</ref> A họpụtara Sahle dị ka Fellow nke African Academy of Sciences na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sahle Eunice|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/sahle-eunice|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> Ọ bụ Anglịkan, ma na-eme nleta kwa ụbọchị na Chapel of the Cross, nke o kwuru nyere aka "Chapel Hill [malite] inwe mmetụta dị ka ụlọ.".<ref name="UNC 2013"/> == Akwụkwọ == * (ed. ya na David A. McDonald) The Legacies of Julius Nyerere (2002) <ref name="Jennings 2006" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2003|title=The Legacies of Julius Nyerere|journal=African Business|issue=287|id={{ProQuest|220427971}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> * ''Usoro Ụwa, Mmepe na Mgbanwe'' (2010) * (ed.) Globalization na Social-Cultural Processes na Contemporary Africa (2015) * (ed.) ''Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, Iwu, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'Africa'' (2017) * (ed.) Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'Africa: arụmụka na ọgụ nke oge a (2019) == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sahle, Eunice}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] liss5gmzum7ypnsrfkqfijt4t0razd0 0 65403 743867 444927 2026-11-08T05:33:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name = E Percy Fowle | native_name = <!--The person's name in their own language, if different.--> | native_name_lang = <!--ISO 639-1 code, e.g., "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} in |native_name= instead.--> | honorific_suffix = | image = File:E Percy Fowle.jpg | width = | smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | alt = | caption = | order = | office = Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of South Africa | term_start = 1953 | term_end = 1958 | predecessor = | successor = }} '''E Percy Fowle''' jere ozi dị ka Chief Scout nke Boy Scouts nke South Africa site na afọ 1953 ruo afọ 1958. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org.za/capewest/heritage/Legendary%20Leaders/ChiefScoutsofSA.pdf|title=Chief Scouts of South Africa|accessdate=21 November 2016|publisher=SCOUTS South Africa|archivedate=21 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121172341/http://www.scouting.org.za/capewest/heritage/Legendary%20Leaders/ChiefScoutsofSA.pdf}}</ref> N'afọ 1954, a kwalitere ya ịbụ Ọchịagha (Brother) nke Order of Saint John.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/AD1715/AD1715-19-29-16-001-jpeg.pdf|title=The Chief Scout Honoured|work=Transvaal News Sheet|date=November 1954|publisher=Boy Scouts of South Africa|accessdate=21 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122072016/http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/AD1715/AD1715-19-29-16-001-jpeg.pdf|archive-date=22 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na afọ 1958, o duuru ndị agha South Africa gaa na 9th World Scout Jamboree na England, emere iji mee mmemme ncheta afọ 50(iri is) nke Scouting. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org.za/capewest/heritage/Overseas_Jamborees/1957_WJ9_UK_JIMReport.pdf|title=1957 - 5th World Jamboree, Sutton Park, England|publisher=SCOUTS South Africa|accessdate=21 November 2016|archivedate=22 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122153735/http://www.scouting.org.za/capewest/heritage/Overseas_Jamborees/1957_WJ9_UK_JIMReport.pdf}}</ref>{{S-start}} {{S-npo|wosm}} {{S-bef|before=[[Herbert Stanley|Sir Herbert Stanley]]}} {{S-ttl|title=Chief Scout, Boy Scouts of South Africa|years=1953–1958}} {{S-aft|after=[[Arthur H. Johnstone]]}} {{End}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   ivex8ncd0085mj1bo5b94f4zbhu6odv 0 66136 743886 742747 2026-11-08T11:20:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743886 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Fulufhelo Vincent Nelwamondo''' (OMS) bụ onye injinia eletrik site na ọzụzụ, ma nwee PhD na Injinia Eletrik (Computational Intelligence) site na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, na South Africa. Ọ bụ onye kachasị nta natara Harvard-South Africa Fellowship Programme n'etiti nsọpụrụ ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha ya na ahụmịhe ya ekpuchiwo ọtụtụ mpaghara, gụnyere injinia ngwanrọ na ọgụgụ isi. Mmasị ya gụnyere usoro ndị dabeere na biometrics, igwupụta data na ngwaọrụ mmụta igwe.{{R|ORSSA}} == Mbido ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Nelwamondo na 1982 n'obodo Lukau, n'ime obodo Lwamondo ka ukwuu na Venda, mpaghara Limpopo, South Africa. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Belemu ma banye na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Mbilwi. Eskom nyere ya bursary iji mụọ injinia eletrik na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, wee nweta BEng (Electrical) ya na 2005.{{R|Presidency}} Ọ natara ikike site na Kansụl Injinịa nke South Africa na 2006 wee nweta PhD ya na 2008 n'okpuru nlekọta nke Tshilidzi Marwala . {{R|MGBio}} Nelwamondo bụ onye isi ọrụ nke National Research Foundation nke South Africa . Nelwamondo sonyeere Modelling and Digital Science unit (MDS) nke CSIR na 2008, wee bụrụ onye nduzi na-anọchite anya na 2014 na onye isi nchịkwa na 2016; tupu afọ 2008 ọ bụ onye isi nchọpụta na onye njikwa mpaghara maka Nchebe Ozi.{{R|CSIRSearch}} E nyere ya postdoctoral fellowship na Mahadum Harvard maka 2008-2009 dị ka akụkụ nke Harvard Centre for African Studies 'South African Fellowship Programme, na-aghọ onye kacha nta natara Harvard-South Africa Fellowsship Programme.{{R|Harvard}} N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, edepụtara ya dị ka onye isi nke IEEE.{{R|IEEE}} Ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum Johannesburg (UJ) ma depụta ya dị ka onye nyocha na-eto eto na-ekwe nkwa na ndepụta UJ nke ndị nyocha NRF. {{R|UJAcademia}}{{R|UJNRF}} Ọ bụ onye otu ntọala nke South African Young Academy of Science . {{R|SAYAS}} N'afọ 2011, onye na-emepụta ọka nri ụtụtụ South Africa bụ Pioneer Foods gbara Nelwamondo ajụjụ ọnụ dị ka akụkụ nke usoro mgbasa ozi na-eme emume maka ndị South Africa na ọka nri ụnyaahụ ''ProNutro''.{{R|ProNutro}} == Onyinye == Na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ onyinye CSIR, Newlamondo enwetala ihe ndị a: * N'afọ 2017, Onye isi ala Jacob Zuma nyere Nelwamondo Order of Mapungubwe na Silver maka "onyinye ya magburu onwe ya na ngalaba sayensị, ọkachasị injinia eletrik. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka nnukwu ihe na-akpali ndị na-eto eto na South Africa. " * N'afọ 2016, ụlọ ọrụ Operations Research Society of South Africa (ORSSA) nyere Nelwamondo ''Ihe nrite nke Atọ'', nke e nyere onye na-abụghị onye otu ORSSA maka onyinye pụtara ìhè n'ime ogologo oge * Na 2009/10 National Science and Technology Forum awards, e nyere ya National Research Foundation-sponsored TW Kambule award maka onye nchọpụta nwoke ojii a ma ama n'ime afọ 2-5 gara aga.{{R|NSTF}} * Nelwamondo gosipụtara na Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans na 2008{{R|MG2008}}, 2010{{R|MG2010}} na 2012.{{R|MG2012}} == Nzukọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ == Nelwamondo bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye nyocha maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa na kọmitii mmemme nke ọtụtụ nzukọ mba ụwa. O bipụtara ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ nyocha na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara (dị ka SAIEE ), nzukọ na isi akwụkwọ.{{R|SAIEE}} Ụfọdụ n'ime nzukọ ndị o sonyere na ha gụnyere: * Nzukọ nke anọ nke mba ụwa na Machine Learning and Applications (2008) * Nzukọ Mba Nile na Cloud na Green Computing (2012) * Mmụta miri emi mbụ Indaba na South Africa, (2017) {{R|CSIRIndaba}} == Ihe odide == <references><ref name="SAYAS">{{cite web |title=Members: SAYAS |url=https://www.sayas.org.za/members/#bmem |website=South African Young Academy of Science |publisher=SAYAS.org |accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Presidency">{{cite web |title=Prof Fulufhelo Nelwamondo |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/prof-fulufhelo-nelwamondo |website=The Presidency |publisher=The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa |accessdate=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510090517/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/prof-fulufhelo-nelwamondo |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Harvard">{{cite web |title=Harvard University Centre for African Studies |url=http://africa.harvard.edu/south-africa-fellowship-program/past-fellows/ |website=Harvard.edu |publisher=Harvard University |accessdate=14 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109060114/http://africa.harvard.edu/south-africa-fellowship-program/past-fellows/ |archivedate=9 January 2017 |format=by The Wayback Machine |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="CSIRSearch">{{cite web |title=CSIR: Search results: Nelwamondo |url=https://www.csir.co.za/csir-search-page?search_api_views_fulltext=Nelwamondo |website=CSIR |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research |accessdate=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218075747/https://www.csir.co.za/csir-search-page?search_api_views_fulltext=Nelwamondo |archive-date=18 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="CSIRIndaba">{{cite web |title=Media release: CSIR, A ROLE-PLAYER IN FIRST DEEP LEARNING INDABA IN SOUTH AFRICA |url=https://www.csir.co.za/csir-role-player-first-deep-learning-indaba-south-africa |website=CSIR |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research |accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> <ref name="IEEE">{{cite web |title=IEEE - Search results |url=https://www.ieee.org/searchresults/index.html?q=Nelwamondo |website=IEEE |publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> <ref name="UJNRF">{{cite web |title=Full list of NRF-rated researchers |url=https://www.uj.ac.za/research/Documents/Full%20List%20of%20NRF-rated%20Researchers.pdf |website=uj.ac.za |publisher=University of Johannesburg |accessdate=15 February 2019 |page=9 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411210909/https://www.uj.ac.za/research/Documents/Full%20List%20of%20NRF-rated%20Researchers.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NSTF">{{cite web |title=Winners of the 2009/2010 NSTF Awards |url=http://www.nstf.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/09-Press-Release-DevV8_Low-Res-Final-1.pdf |website=www.nstf.org.za |publisher=The National Science and Technology Forum |accessdate=15 February 2019 }}</ref> <ref name="ORSSA">{{cite web |title=Category III Recognition Awards: Hall of Fame: Nelwamondo |url=http://www.orssa.org.za/wiki/uploads/Awards/Nelwamondo_Citation-updated.pdf |website=ORSSA.org.za |publisher=ORSSA: The Operations Research Society of South Africa |accessdate=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142520/http://www.orssa.org.za/wiki/uploads/Awards/Nelwamondo_Citation-updated.pdf |archive-date=17 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="MG2008">{{cite web |title=Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans (2008) |url=https://200ysa.mg.co.za/2008 |website=Mail & Guardian |publisher=M&G Media Ltd |accessdate=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217201050/https://200ysa.mg.co.za/2008/ |archive-date=17 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="MG2010">{{cite web |title=Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans (2010) |url=https://200ysa.mg.co.za/2010 |website=Mail & Guardian |publisher=M&G Media Ltd |accessdate=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021157/https://200ysa.mg.co.za/2010/ |archive-date=18 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="MG2012">{{cite web |title=Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans (2012) |url=https://200ysa.mg.co.za/2012 |website=Mail & Guardian |publisher=M&G Media Ltd |accessdate=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021343/https://200ysa.mg.co.za/2012/ |archive-date=18 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="SAIEE">{{cite journal |author1=Nelwamondo, F.V. |author2=Marwala, T. |title=Fuzzy Artmap and Neural Network Approach to Online Processing of Inputs with Missing Values |journal=South African Institute of Electrical Engineers |date=2007 |volume=98 |issue=2 |url=https://www.saiee.org.za/Search.aspx?search=Nelwamondo |accessdate=15 February 2019 |bibcode=2007arXiv0705.1031N |arxiv=0705.1031 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142324/https://www.saiee.org.za/Search.aspx?search=Nelwamondo |archive-date=17 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="MGBio">{{cite web |last1=Mohlala |first1=Thabo |title=A passion for research |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-15-a-passion-for-research-1 |website=mg.co.za |publisher=Mail & Guardian |accessdate=14 February 2019 |date=15 Nov 2012}}</ref> <ref name="UJAcademia">{{cite web |title=Fulufhelo Nelwamondo |url=http://johannesburg.academia.edu/FulufheloNelwamondo |website=Academia |publisher=University of Johannesburg |accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref> <ref name="ProNutro">{{Citation|last=ProNutroSA|title=Celebrating ProNutro SA Achievers - Fulufhelo Nelwamondo|date=2011-05-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3cYRPKykRs|accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref></references> == Njikọ mpụga == * Fulufhelo Nelwamondo na Google Scholar. * Fulufhelo Nelwamondo na [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fulufhelo_Nelwamondo ResearchGate]. {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nelwamondo, Fulufhelo}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7xbyafxfgloqi16qa8lzmjsfk723g6d 0 71864 743851 595329 2026-11-08T02:14:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743851 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Clement Adebamowo'''bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ọrịa na-efe efe, na ahụike ọha na eze na Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke Epidemiology na Public Health, onye na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onyeisi nke Global Health Cancer Research na Mahadum Maryland School of Medicine.<ref name="umprofile" /> A maara ya maka ọrụ nyocha ya na ọrịa kansa, nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrịa na-efe efe, na ụkpụrụ omume nyocha, ọkachasị na obere ihe onwunwe na-enweghị ọrụ na Africa.<ref name="umprofile">{{Cite web|title=Adebamowo, Clement {{!}} University of Maryland School of Medicine|url=https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/profiles/Adebamowo-Clement/|work=medschool.umaryland.edu|publisher=University of Maryland|accessdate=9 January 2021|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/profiles/Adebamowo-Clement/ "Adebamowo, Clement | University of Maryland School of Medicine"]. ''medschool.umaryland.edu''. University of Maryland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmụta == Adebamowo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Jos, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], <ref name="h3aprofile" /> Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta BM ChB na ọkwa pụrụ iche n'ule ọ bụla. Ọ zụrụ ọzụzụ na ịwa ahụ na ọrịa kansa na Mahadum Kọleji, Ibadan, Naịjirịa, ma mụọ ọrịa na-efe efe na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Harvard. <ref name="h3aprofile" /> ebe ọ nwetara Doctor of Science (ScD). <ref name="ASCO" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ sayensị == Adebamowo ebipụtala ihe karịrị edemede sayensị iri asatọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="v787">{{Cite web|title=Clement Adebamowo|work=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=7U1O8X4AAAAJ|accessdate=2025-01-05}}</ref> Ihe nchoputa ya bu Ọrịa na-adịghị ebute ọrịa, ọrịa kansa, [[HIV/AIDS|Ọrịa AIDS]], na Bioethics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Clement Adebamowo – H3Africa|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|accessdate=2022-04-28|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808160918/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|archive-date=2022-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmekọrịta obodo na nchịkọta ihe nlele dị ka akụkụ nke International HapMap Project, yana, ya na Charles Rotimi, bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nchọpụta na-ahụ maka ọrụ HapMap na 1000 Genomes Project na ndị "Yoruba na Ibadan, Nigeria".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bioethicsautobio">{{Cite web|author=Adebamowo|first=Clement|title=Clement A. Adebamowo|url=https://bioethicscenter.net/portfolio-items/clement-a-adebamowo/|work=Center for Bioethics and Research|accessdate=9 January 2021|archivedate=11 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025133/https://bioethicscenter.net/portfolio-items/clement-a-adebamowo/}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ndị e nwere == Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka prọfesọ nke epidemiology & ahụike ọha na eze na onye nduzi maka nyocha ọrịa kansa zuru ụwa ọnụ na Mahadum Maryland, Baltimore. Adebamowo nwere ọtụtụ nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Bioethics Online Journal'' (''BeOnline''), yana nke ''Cancer na Africa Online Journal'' (''CIAO''), na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Frontiers in Oncology .<ref name="x545">{{Cite web|title=Frontiers in Oncology|work=Frontiers|date=2021-10-05|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology#editorial-board|accessdate=2025-01-05}}</ref><ref name="p094">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Clement Adebamowo – H3Africa|work=H3Africa – Human Heredity & Health in Africa|date=2019-12-12|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|accessdate=2025-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228142033/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|archive-date=2024-12-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa: * Onye isi oche nke Society of Oncology and Cancer Research of Nigeria <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onye nduzi nke Center for Bioethics, Nigeria <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Clement Adebamowo – H3Africa|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|accessdate=2022-04-28|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808160918/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|archive-date=2022-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Onye nduzi nke West African Framework Program on Global Health <ref name="s625">{{Cite web|title=Prof. Clement A. Adebamowo|work=IHV NIGERIA.org|date=2024-12-23|url=https://ww.ihvnigeria.org/team-member/prof-clement-a-adebamowo/|accessdate=2025-01-05|archivedate=2025-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105130423/https://ww.ihvnigeria.org/team-member/prof-clement-a-adebamowo/}}</ref> * Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mba Nile nke American Society of Clinical Oncology <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Mba PI nke Africa / Harvard School of Public Health Partnership for Cohort Research and TrainingAfrica/Harvard School of Public Health Partnership for Cohort Research and Training * Onye isi nchọpụta, International Prevention Research Institute * Onye nduzi nke Office of Strategic Information, Research and Training, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria <ref name="h3aprofile">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Clement Adebamowo|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|work=H3Africa|publisher=Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium|accessdate=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111005941/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|archive-date=11 January 2021|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/ "Dr. Clement Adebamowo"]. ''H3Africa''. Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> * Onye isi oche nke National Health Research Ethics Committee nke Nigeria <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Onyinye na nsọpụrụ == Adebamowo nwere ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ na ndị otu na ọha mmadụ: * Onye otu West African College of Surgeons <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onye otu American College of Surgeons <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Clement Adebamowo – H3Africa|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|accessdate=2022-04-28|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808160918/https://h3africa.org/index.php/about/founding-working-group/dr-clement-adebamowo/|archive-date=2022-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Onye na-eme nzukọ nke Nigerian Research Consortium <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onye otu American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) <ref name="ASCO">{{Cite web|url=https://www.umms.org/umgccc/news/2018/umsom-human-virology-expert-named-fellow-american-society-clinical-oncology|title=UM SOM Cancer Expert at Institute of Human Virology Named Fellow of American Society of Clinical Oncology|work=umms.org|language=en|accessdate=2021-01-27}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.umms.org/umgccc/news/2018/umsom-human-virology-expert-named-fellow-american-society-clinical-oncology "UM SOM Cancer Expert at Institute of Human Virology Named Fellow of American Society of Clinical Oncology"]. ''umms.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> * Prọfesọ Honorary, Mahadum nke Dundee, UK <ref name="h3aprofile"/> * Onye otu ọkachamara ndụmọdụ na ntuziaka ọgwụ na usoro nyocha na ụkpụrụ omume nke World Health Organization (WHO) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Researcher - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Vocabulary.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://adebamowo.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Dr. Clement Adebamowo] * [https://bioethicscenter.net/ Ebe obibi nke Center for Bioethics and Research] * [http://ihvnigeria.org Ebe obibi nke Institute of Human Virology] {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 42899pxwp7bjyksu4wl5xbjhkui037x 0 72453 743882 698110 2026-11-08T10:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Flower Msuya.png|thumb|Flower Msuya]] Flower Ezekiel Msuya (amụrụ n'afọ 1959) bụ onye Tanzania phycologist. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na algaculture (ọrụ ugbo mmiri) na aquaculture.<ref name="AQUA">{{Cite web|first=Emmanuel|author=Rubagumya|url=https://aquaculturemag.com/2020/04/15/tanzania-flower-msuya-a-scientist-fighting-tirelessly-to-promote-seaweed-farming/|title=Tanzania: Flower Msuya. A scientist fighting tirelessly to promote seaweed farming|work=Aquaculture Magazine|date=15 April 2020}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Flower Ezekiel Msuya was born in 1959 in Kifula<ref name="ALLAFRICA2">{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202004030195.html|title=Tanzania: Flower Msuya - Fighting Tirelessly to Promote Seaweed Farming, Products|first=Emmanuel|last=Rubagumya|date=2 April 2020|work=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]|via=[[AllAfrica]]|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406021605/https://allafrica.com/stories/202004030195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (Ugweno), a division of Mwanga District in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.<ref name="WIOMSA2">{{cite news|last=Msuya|first=Flower|url=https://www.wiomsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/WIOMSA-Magazine-Issue-9_Web-version.pdf|title=At first it was not easy|work=People and the Environment|publisher=Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association|date=|pages=13–15|access-date=2021-02-27|archive-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204140156/https://www.wiomsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/WIOMSA-Magazine-Issue-9_Web-version.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> She earned her BSc in botany and statistics from the University of Dar es Salaam.<ref name="WIOMSA2"/> She received an MSc in fisheries and aquaculture from the University of Kuopio in Finland.<ref name="ALLAFRICA2"/> Based on a course in phycology (the study of algae and seaweed),<ref name="WIOMSA2"/> she developed an interest in seaweed farming. She earned her PhD in seaweed-integrated aquaculture from Tel Aviv University in 2004.<ref name="AQUA2">{{Cite web|first=Emmanuel|last=Rubagumya|url=https://aquaculturemag.com/2020/04/15/tanzania-flower-msuya-a-scientist-fighting-tirelessly-to-promote-seaweed-farming/|title=Tanzania: Flower Msuya. A scientist fighting tirelessly to promote seaweed farming|work=Aquaculture Magazine|date=15 April 2020}}</ref> Her thesis, "The Influence of Culture Regimes on the Performance of Seaweed Biofilters in Integrated Mariculture", examined the use of seaweed as biofilters for fishpond effluent water.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Msuya|first=F.E.|date=2006|chapter=The Seaweed Cluster Initiative in Zanzibar, Tanzania|editor=B.L.M. Mwamila|title=Proceedings of the 3rd Regional Conference on Innovation Systems and Innovative Clusters in Africa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, September 3-7, 2006|pages=246–260|chapterurl=https://www.academia.edu/1839070|accessdate=2021-02-28}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Site na 1993 ruo 1996, Msuya chọpụtara mmetụta akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ugbo akwụkwọ ndụ mmiri.[1][2] Ọ bụ onye malitere ugbo akwụkwọ ndụ mmiri na ndịda Tanzania na 1995 na 1996.[1][2] Site na 2005 ọ na-eme nchọpụta banyere teknụzụ iji gbakwunye uru na akwụkwọ ndụ mmiri (dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ime netị abụọ).[1] Kemgbe 2017, Msuya bụ́ akụkụ nke otu na-etinye n'ọrụ oru ngo GlobalSeaweedSTAR iji chekwaa ọdịnihu nke azụmahịa nori megide mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe n'obodo dị ka Tanzania, Philippines na Malaysia. Oru ngo a bụ nke Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) na-edu na nke UK Research and Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund kwadoro. Msuya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha na Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) na Kigoma, Tanzania. Ọ bụbu Chief Laboratory Scientist na Senior Researcher na Marine Biology na Institute of Marine Sciences nke Mahadum Dar es Salaam nke dị na Zanzibar . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Msuya|first=F.E.|date=2006|chapter=The Seaweed Cluster Initiative in Zanzibar, Tanzania|editor=B.L.M. Mwamila|title=Proceedings of the 3rd Regional Conference on Innovation Systems and Innovative Clusters in Africa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, September 3-7, 2006|pages=246–260|chapterurl=https://www.academia.edu/1839070|accessdate=2021-02-28}}</ref> Mkpa ụlọ ọrụ Tanzania nwere iji zụlite ume maka mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi abụwo ebe dị mkpa maka ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Coates|first=Karen J.|title=Warming waters hurt Zanzibar's seaweed. But women farmers have a plan.|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2018/0521/Warming-waters-hurt-Zanzibar-s-seaweed.-But-women-farmers-have-a-plan|work=Christian Science Monitor|date=21 May 2018|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref> Msuya bụ otu n’ime ndị nkuzi mba ụwa ise na Innovation na Cluster Facilitation. Ọ na-azụlite teknụzụ ugbo anụ ọhịa n’ọkụkọ, ịgbakwunye uru, na ijikọ anụ ọhịa n’ọkụkọ na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị n’ọsọ oké osimiri dị ka kịta mmiri, mkpụrụ akwụkwọ na azụ nwere ego. Msuya emetụla aka na FAO, WIEGO, UNIDO na WWF. Ọ nyeworị aka na mmalite ọrụ ugbo ọkụkọ oké osimiri na Mauritius, Rodrigues na Mayotte. Ọ bụ onye otu Tropical Agriculture Association (TAA), Royal Society of Biology (RSB), <ref name="ALLAFRICA">{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202004030195.html|title=Tanzania: Flower Msuya - Fighting Tirelessly to Promote Seaweed Farming, Products|first=Emmanuel|author=Rubagumya|date=2 April 2020|work=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]|accessdate=14 February 2021|archivedate=6 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406021605/https://allafrica.com/stories/202004030195.html}}</ref> World Aquaculture Society (WAS), <ref>{{Cite book|author=Msuya|first=F.E.|date=2006|chapter=The Seaweed Cluster Initiative in Zanzibar, Tanzania|editor=B.L.M. Mwamila|title=Proceedings of the 3rd Regional Conference on Innovation Systems and Innovative Clusters in Africa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, September 3-7, 2006|pages=246–260|chapterurl=https://www.academia.edu/1839070|accessdate=2021-02-28}}</ref> International Seaweed Association (ISA), Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) na Pan African Competitiveness Forum (PACF). <ref name="ALLAFRICA" /> Msuya bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Zanzibar Seaweed Cluster Initiative (ZaSCI). N'ime akụkụ nke mmemme a, ọ enyela aka na ịmepụta ngwaahịa algae[1] gụnyere ntụ ntụ, akpụkpọ anụ na nri.[2][3] ZaSCI na-enyekwara Zanzibar aka ịgbasawanye nhazi algae site na ịrụ ụlọ ọrụ nhazi algae maka carrageenan nke a na-emechi nke ọma (gel ahụ nke na-ekpebi àgwà nke algae ọbara ọbara a na-azụ n'àgwàetiti ahụ).[4] == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Msuya|first=Flower E.|title=Effect of water aeration and nutrient load level on biomass yield, N uptake and protein content of the seaweed Ulva lactuca cultured in seawater tanks|journal=Journal of Applied Phycology|date=December 2008|volume=20|issue=6|pages=1021–1031|doi=10.1007/s10811-007-9300-6}} * {{Cite journal|author=Neori|first=Amir|title=A novel three-stage seaweed ( Ulva lactuca ) biofilter design for integrated mariculture|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-applied-phycology_2003-11_15_6/page/543|journal=Journal of Applied Phycology|date=November 2003|volume=15|issue=6|pages=543–553|doi=10.1023/B:JAPH.0000004382.89142.2d}} * {{Cite journal|author=Schuenhoff|first=Andreas|title=A semi-recirculating, integrated system for the culture of fish and seaweed|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_aquaculture_2003-05-01_221_1-4/page/167|journal=Aquaculture|date=May 2003|volume=221|issue=1–4|pages=167–181|doi=10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00527-6}} * {{Cite book|author=Msuya|first=Flower|title=The influence of culture regimes on the performance of seaweed biofilters in integrated mariculture|date=2011|publisher=Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG|isbn=978-3-8454-3642-5}} == Hụkwa == * Ịkpa anụ n'ime mmiri dị iche iche {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Msuya, Flower}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l2u5bto0zvf9w303cj0biwdekpg0ctv 0 72512 743877 692486 2026-11-08T09:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Faịlụ:Fatima_Denton_in_Nov_2014_giving_the_Barbara_Ward_Lecture.png|thumb|Fatima Denton na 2014 na-enye Barbara Ward Lecture]] {| class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Vidio ndị dị n'èzí |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |"Fatima Denton na-akpọ maka akụkọ banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na Africa ka e degharịa ya", 2014 Barbara Ward Lecture[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sl7eJVSXHqM "Nkwurịta okwu pụrụ iche na Dr. Fatima Denton, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa"], The Times of Africa[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]]''Oge nke Africa'' |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgtEDUuO86M "N'ajụjụ ọnụ na Fatima Denton, African Climate Policy Centre, UNECA"], [[UNISDR]][[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]] |} '''Fatima Denton''' Fatima Denton na-ede banyere isiokwu gụnyere ume ọhụrụ, [1] mmepe na-adigide, [2] mgbanwe ihu igwe, [3] mgbanwe ihu igwe na okike, [4] mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe, [5] adịghị ike, [6] nchekwa nri [7] na mmiri na ike ịda ogbenye. Ọ bụ onye ndu ode akwụkwọ maka nyocha nke ise nke Working Group II nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), [9] IPCC Pụrụ iche Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN), [10] yana na IPCC Working Group III's isii nke isii Assessment Report,[11] na akụkọ banyere mgbanwe Climate na ala Climate. (SRCCL).[12] Ọ na-eje ozi na ọtụtụ kọmitii sayensị gụnyere Independent Science Panel (ISP) nke CGIAR Climate Change and Food Security Program (CCAFS) Denton bụ onye nkuzi 2015 Barbara Ward, ndị na-eme amụma, ndị nchọpụta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na London iji nyochaa Africa na mmekọrịta ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe.[1] Ọ bụ ọkà okwu na 2016 Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium, otu n'ime ọtụtụ "Ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị na-ebugharị mgbanwe ọrụ ugbo na Africa" == Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ == A mụrụ Fatima Denton n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1966 <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> ma zụlite ya na [[The Gambia|mba Gambia]] . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Banjul, ọ gụchara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụmụ mahadum na mba ahụ. Mahadum Cheikh Anta Diop dị na Dakar, Senegal (ndị mmadụ), Mahadum Besançon, France, (asụsụ na ntụgharị asụsụ etinyere), Mahadum Paris - la Sorbonne Paris IV (ụmụ mmadụ) na École des Hautes Études Internationales et Politiques (HEIP) (mmekọrịta mba ụwa).[1] O nwetara PhD na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọmụmụ mmepe na Mahadum Birmingham (UK). <ref name="IIED">{{Cite web|title=Fatima Denton|url=http://www.iied.org/users/fatima-denton|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|accessdate=9 November 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Adapt">{{Cite web|title=News: Keynote speaker bio: Fatima Denton|url=http://www.africa-adapt.net/en-us/projects/186/news/80/|work=Africa Adapt|accessdate=9 November 2016|archivedate=20 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120070531/http://www.africa-adapt.net/en-us/projects/186/news/80/}}</ref> <ref name="SEF">{{Cite web|title=Berlin Summer Dialogue 2011 Adaptation to Climate Change New Structures of International Cooperation - an expression of global responsibility 27-28 September 2011 Berlin Town Hall|url=http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/Veranstaltungen/BSD/2011_bsd_cvs_en.pdf|work=Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden|publisher=German Development Institute (DIE), Bonn|accessdate=10 November 2016|archivedate=23 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123124908/http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/Veranstaltungen/BSD/2011_bsd_cvs_en.pdf}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Dr. Denton ebipụtala akụkọ, akwụkwọ, na akụkọ nyocha ndị ọgbọ na-akwado maka echiche dị iche iche nke mmepe nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuogide. Fatima Denton rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha amụma na onye nhazi ọrụ na mmemme ike nke Enda Tiers Monde na Senegal. <ref name="Masika">{{Cite book|author=Masika|first=Rachel|title=Gender, development, and climate change|date=2002|publisher=Oxfam|location=Oxford|isbn=9780855984793|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unWB89s0QMAC&pg=PA19|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> : 19 Ọrụ ya lebara anya n'okwu ndị gụnyere mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, ihu igwe na okike, [[Adịghị ike mgbanwe ihu igwe|adịghị ike na mgbanwe ihu igwe]], nchekwa nri, ọchịchị obodo, ịda ogbenye mmiri, na ike <ref name="Figart">{{Cite book|editor=Figart|title=Handbook of research on gender and economic life|date=2013|publisher=Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.|location=Cheltenham|isbn=9780857930941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfYBAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> na Sahel . <ref name="Masika" /> : 14 <ref name="Otter">{{Cite book|editor=Otter|title=Global change processes and impacts in Africa : a synthesis|date=2007|publisher=East African Educational Publishers ; START|location=Nairobi : Washington, D.C|isbn=9789966255266|pages=245=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meF1CLdPSF4C&pg=PA245}}</ref> Ọkachamara ya na [[Benin]] enyela aka n'ịhazi usoro nke na-enyocha mmegharị mgbanwe n'ofe Afrịka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Mapfumo|first=Paul|date=2017-07-29|title=Pathways to transformational change in the face of climate impacts: an analytical framework|journal=Climate and Development|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=439–451|doi=10.1080/17565529.2015.1040365|issn=1756-5529}}</ref> "Mgbanwe mgbanwe" <ref name=":2" /> chọrọ ka ndị obodo nwee atụmatụ zuru oke nke ndị nwere mmasị n'ọkwa dị elu na-akwado. Ọ na-akwado maka akụkọ ọhụrụ gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe na Afrịka site n'ile ya anya dị ka ohere. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iied.org/2014-barbara-ward-lecture-fatima-denton-calls-for-new-paradigm-for-african-development|title=2014 Barbara Ward Lecture: Fatima Denton calls for a "new paradigm" for African development|date=2014-12-01|work=International Institute for Environment and Development|language=en|accessdate=2019-09-26}}</ref> Kama "iguzo n'ime osimiri ma nwụọ n'ihi akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ," <ref name=":0" /> ọ na-arụ ụka na atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmepe ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịdị n'otu, ma ọ bụ n'otu aka ahụ, mmụba nke itinye aka ọha na eze nwere ike ibute ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ. Ọ na-arụ ụka kpọmkwem na iji akụrụngwa Africa eme ihe nwere ike ibelata ntụkwasị obi mba Afrịka na mba ụwa maka uto na-adịgide adịgide . <ref name=":0" /> Fatima Denton rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nhazi ike dị elu na [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Mmemme Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] (UNEP) na Risø Centre na [[Denmark]] . <ref name="Risoe">{{Cite web|title=Former staff|url=http://gold.unepdtu.org/Staff/FormerStaff/index.htm|work=UNEP Risoe Centre|accessdate=10 November 2016|archivedate=14 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053742/http://gold.unepdtu.org/Staff/FormerStaff/index.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke UNEP. O lebara anya nke ọma n'ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, na-egosi na ha anaghị etinye aka na atụmatụ na mmepe, mmetụta na-adịghị nhata nke ọdachi na mgbanwe ihu igwe ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na mkpa ọ dị itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ịmepụta amụma ike dị irè. <ref name="UNEP2016">{{Cite book|title=Global Gender and Environment Outlook The Critical Issues. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya|date=2016|publisher=UNEP|isbn=978-92-807-3550-5|url=http://uneplive.unep.org/media/docs/assessments/GGEO_summary_report.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206101223/http://uneplive.unep.org/media/docs/assessments/GGEO_summary_report.pdf|archive-date=6 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ngwọta enweghị ike ilekwasị anya naanị na teknụzụ na akụrụngwa; ha ga-atụlekwa nyocha na nyocha nke obodo lekwasịrị anya na ọtụtụ ihe metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na adịghị ike. <ref name="Tschakert">{{Cite journal|author=Tschakert|first=Petra|title=Views from the vulnerable: Understanding climatic and other stressors in the Sahel|journal=Global Environmental Change|date=August 2007|volume=17|issue=3–4|pages=381–396|doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.008|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222277818|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, o tinyere aka na nyocha nke na-egosi na a na-anabata atụmatụ ọrụ ugbo ọhụrụ, yana ndị ọrụ ntorobịa (afọ 6-14), na ezinụlọ ndị ụmụ nwanyị na-edu. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Fatima Denton sonyeere International Development Research Centre (IDRC) na 2006, ebe ọ bụ onye ndu n'atụmatụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe . <ref name="Kararach">{{Cite book|author=Kararach|first=George|title=Development in Africa: Refocusing the Lens after the Millennium Development Goals|date=2016|location=Bristol|publisher=Policy Press at the University of Bristol|isbn=9781447328544|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gEnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PR12}}</ref> Dịka Onye Ndú Mmemme na IDCR, Denton tinyere aka na njikwa nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ọrụ nyocha dị elu nke kwalitere nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi n'ofe mba Afrịka. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://unu.edu/media-relations/releases/unu-appoints-dr-fatima-denton-as-director-of-ghana-institute.html|title=United Nations University Appoints Dr Fatima Denton as Director of Its Ghana Institute - United Nations University|work=unu.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-26|archivedate=2022-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024406/https://unu.edu/media-relations/releases/unu-appoints-dr-fatima-denton-as-director-of-ghana-institute.html}}</ref> Dịka onye nhazi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Amụma Ihu Igwe nke Afrịka, Denton rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ebumnuche ndị dị mkpa na ndị dị mkpa nke mba Afrịka kwesịrị ịgba mbọ ịbanye na nzukọ COP 21 maka mmepe nke Nkwekọrịta Paris nke UN. Maka ọdịmma nke adịghị ike nke Afrịka na mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa, o kwuru na mba niile kwesịrị iji usoro siri ike na nke nwere ibu ọrụ mee ihe, n'agbanyeghị mgbanwe dị iche iche na mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Na 2017, Denton kwuru na ọ na-akwado ọrụ ozi ihu igwe (CIS) na mmejuputa iwu mba Afrịka nke ọma iji lụso ịda ogbenye na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ihu igwe ọgụ. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> Ọ bụ onyeisi ngalaba atụmatụ pụrụ iche <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> na onye nhazi nke African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) nke United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), nke dị na [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] site na 2013 ruo 2018. <ref>Klein, R.J.T., S. Huq, F. Denton, T.E. Downing, R.G. Richels, J.B. Robinson, F.L. Toth, 2007: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20161007100919/https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter18.pdf Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007100919/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter18.pdf|date=2016-10-07}}" In ''Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'', M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 745-777.</ref> Na Septemba 10, 2018, a họpụtara Denton dị ka onye nduzi na ngalaba Ghana nke Mahadum Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, ọkachasị, na UNU Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNU-INRA). <ref name=":1" /> O tinyekwara aka na International Institute on Environment and Development (IIED) dịka onye nlekọta na onye otu na mmemme nyocha mba ụwa nke Future Earth advisory board. <ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke otu ọrụ nke abụọ nke IPCC na July 2023.<ref>Sathaye, J., O. Lucon, A. Rahman, J. Christensen, F. Denton, J. Fujino, G. Heath, S. Kadner, M. Mirza, H. Rudnick, A. Schlaepfer, A. Shmakin, 2011: "[http://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=phy_fac_pub Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development.]" In IPCC ''Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation'' [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Denton, Fatima}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ri76m3jxxcx8ad1w0zp4ikegu133418 0 72651 743793 595673 2026-11-07T12:05:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743793 wikitext text/x-wiki Asụsụ '''Middle Ramu''' ma ọ bụ Annaberg bụ obere ezinụlọ asụsụ nke Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Glottolog anabataghi ya dị ka mkpokọta ziri ezi, mana Foley nabatara ya (2018). <ref name="Foley-Sepik">{{Cite book|author=Foley|first=William A.|authorlink=William A. Foley|editor=Palmer|date=2018|title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide|chapter=The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs|series=The World of Linguistics|location=Berlin|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|pages=197–432|isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}</ref> Wurm (1982) kewara Aian, na 'ezinụlọ' ya, na mmekọrịta dị anya na Rao (Annaberg): * Annaberg ** ''Rao'' (Annaberg) ** Ezinụlọ '''Aian''': Anor, Aiome A na-ekekarị ezinụlọ Annaberg na n'etiti Asụsụ Ramu nke dị n'ebe ugwu Papua New Guinea. == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto-South Ramu River[https://web.archive.org/web/20260124032140/https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/ramu-river/south-ramu-river/start Osimiri Proto-South Ramu] {{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages}} 855cjklz2rqw0ql10qu6n7nfx10ojvt 0 72657 743840 742331 2026-11-07T22:29:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743840 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cairo Geniza''', nke a na-akpọkwa '''Cairo ''genizah''''', bụ nchịkọta nke ihe dị ka 400,000 [1] iberibe akwụkwọ [[Judaism|Ndị Juu]] na akwụkwọ nchịkwa Fatimid nke edebere na genizah ma ọ bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke Ụlọ nzukọ Ben Ezra na Fustat ma ọ bụ Old Cairo, Egypt. Ihe odide ndị a gafere oge niile nke Middle-Eastern, North Africa, na Andalusian akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Juu n'etiti narị afọ nke isii na nke iri na itoolu <ref>{{Cite book|author=Burkitt|first=Francis Crawford|title=Fragments of the Books of Kings, According to the Translation of Aquila from a MS formerly in the Geniza at Cairo|date=1897|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|url=https://archive.org/details/fragmentsofbooks00aquiuoft/page/n13/mode/2up|quote="From the style of the writing the MS must be dated in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century AD."}}</ref> OA, ma mejupụtara nchịkọta kachasị ukwuu na nke kachasị dị iche iche nke ihe odide oge ochie n'ụwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Posegay|first=Nick|title=Searching for the Last Genizah Fragment in Late Ottoman Cairo: A Material Survey of Egyptian Jewish Literary Culture|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|date=2022|volume=54|issue=FirstView|doi=10.1017/S0020743822000356}}</ref> E dere ihe odide Genizah n'asụsụ dị iche iche, ọkachasị Hibru, Arabic, na Aramaic, ọkachasị na vellum na akwụkwọ, kamakwa na papyrus na ákwà. Na mgbakwunye na inwe akwụkwọ okpukpe ndị Juu dịka akwụkwọ Baịbụl, Talmudic, na akwụkwọ ndị Rabbinic mechara (ụfọdụ n'aka ndị dere ya mbụ), Genizah na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu banyere ndụ akụ na ụba na omenala nke mpaghara Mediterenian, karịsịa na narị afọ nke 10 ruo nke 13. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Goitein|first=Shelomo Dov|title=A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza|url=https://archive.org/details/mediterraneansoc0001goit_u3j2|date=1967–1993|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-5202-2158-3}}</ref><ref name="JVL" /> A na-agbasa ihe odide sitere na Cairo ''geniza'' ugbu a n'etiti ọtụtụ ọbá akwụkwọ, gụnyere Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Mahadum Cambridge, <ref name="MD" /> Jewish Theological Seminary of America, John Rylands Library, <ref <ref name="div" /> Bodleian Library, Mahadum Pennsylvania's Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, British Library, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, National Library of Russia, Alliance Israélite Universelle, Younes na Soraya Nazarian Library na Mahadum Haifa na ọtụtụ nchịkọta onwe onye gburugburu ụwa. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Jefferson|first=Rebecca J. W.|title=The Cairo Genizah and the Age of Discovery in Egypt|date=2022|publisher=I.B. tauris|location=London|pages=191–207}}</ref> Ọtụtụ iberibe ihe sitere n'ọnụ ụlọ geniza nke ụlọ nzukọ Ben Ezra, mana a chọtara iberibe ndị ọzọ n'ebe a na-egwu ihe n'akụkụ ụlọ nzukọ na n'ebe ili ozu Basatin n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Old Cairo.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Schechter|first=Solomon|title=Studies in Judaism: Second Series|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinjudaism00sche_0|date=1908|publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America|location=Philadelphia|pages=[https://archive.org/details/studiesinjudaism00sche_0/page/2 1]–12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hoffman|first=Adina|title=Sacred Trash: The Lost and Found World of the Cairo Geniza|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredtrashlostf0000hoff_u9q6|date=2011|publisher=Nextbook, Schocken|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredtrashlostf0000hoff_u9q6/page/39 39]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jefferson|first=Rebecca J. W.|title=Deconstructing "the Cairo Genizah": A Fresh Look at Genizah Manuscript Discoveries in Cairo before 1897|url=https://archive.org/details/jewish-quarterly-review_fall-2018_108_4/page/422|journal=The Jewish Quarterly Review|date=2018|volume=108|issue=4|pages=422–448|doi=10.1353/jqr.2018.0028}}</ref> Nchịkọta nke oge a nke Cairo Geniza gụnyere ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ochie nke ndị nchịkọta zụrụ n'Ijipt na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. == Nchọpụta na ebe ndị a nọ ugbu a == [[Faịlụ:Ben_Ezra_Synagogue-1.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ụlọ nzukọ Ben Ezra kachasị ọhụrụ, nke e wughachiri n'etiti 1889 na 1892]] === Ụlọ geniza === N'afọ 1890, geniza bụ ụlọ na-enweghị windo na ọnụ ụzọ, naanị site na ụlọ nzukọ Ben Ezra site na ịrịgo ubube gaa n'oghere dị na mgbidi. N'ịbụ nke buru ibu, ọ jupụtara na ihe odide na akwụkwọ ndị e biri ebi a tụbara n'ime oghere ahụ kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, na-agbagọ agbagọ ma na-arapara n'otu n'otu, jupụta na uzuzu ma jupụta na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, e zuola akwụkwọ ụfọdụ, ma eleghị anya site na beadles nke ụlọ nzukọ, ma ree ya dị ka ihe ncheta nye ndị njem nleta. === Nchọpụta === Onye Europe mbụ chọpụtara na nchịkọta ahụ bụ Simon van Gelderen (nwanne nna Heinrich Heine), onye gara ụlọ nzukọ Ben Ezra wee kọọ banyere Cairo Genizah na 1752 ma ọ bụ 1753. <ref name="JVL">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/genizah-cairo|title=Cairo Genizah|work=Jewish Virtual Library|accessdate=October 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111070357/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/genizah-cairo|archivedate=November 11, 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Jewish Virtual Library''. Archived from [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/genizah-cairo the original] on November 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Amitav|author=Ghosh|authorlink=Amitav Ghosh|title=In an Antique Land|url=https://archive.org/details/inantiqueland0000ghos_m9b3|location=New York|publisher=Vintage Books|year=1992|isbn=0-679-72783-3}}</ref> N'afọ 1864, onye njem na ọkà mmụta Jacob Saphir gara ụlọ nzukọ ahụ wee nyochaa Genizah ruo ụbọchị abụọ; ọ bụ ezie na ọ maghị ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa ọ tụrụ aro na ihe ndị nwere ike ịdị oké ọnụ ahịa nwere ike ịdị na nchekwa. Mgbe e mezigharịrị ụlọ nzukọ dị ukwuu, onye nchịkọta akwụkwọ ndị Juu bụ Elkan Nathan Adler bụ onye mbụ si n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe ịbanye na geniza na 1896, mgbe ọ zụrụ akpa akwụkwọ, nke na-enweghị mmasị na ndị nchọpụta na England.<ref name="MG1">{{Cite book|author=Glickman|first=Mark S.|title=Sacred Treasure – the Cairo Genizah: The Amazing Discoveries of Forgotten Jewish History in an Egyptian Synagogue Attic|publisher=[[Jewish Lights Publishing]]|year=2012|isbn=9781580235129|pages=28–29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJ_i7ijhBkAC&pg=PA4}}</ref> N'afọ 1896, ndị ọkà mmụta Scotland na ụmụnne ejima Agnes S. Lewis na Margaret D. Gibson <ref>{{Cite book|first=Adina|author=Hoffman|title=Sacred Trash: The Lost and Found World of the Cairo Geniza|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredtrashlostf0000hoff_u9q6|publisher=[[Schocken Books]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8052-4258-4}}</ref> si Ijipt lọta na iberibe ihe sitere na Genizah ha weere dị ka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị, wee gosi ha Solomon Schechter, "enyi ndị rabaị na-enweghị mgbochi" na Cambridge <ref name="MD">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/archaeology-today/biblicalarchaeology-topics/text-treasures-cairo-geniza/|title=Text Treasures: Cairo Geniza|author=Dospel|first=Marek|date=June 1, 2022|work=Biblical Archaeology Society|accessdate=October 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601130432/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/archaeology-today/biblical-archaeology-topics/text-treasures-cairo-geniza/|archivedate=June 1, 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDospel2022">Dospel, Marek (June 1, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220601130432/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/archaeology-today/biblical-archaeology-topics/text-treasures-cairo-geniza/ "Text Treasures: Cairo Geniza"]. ''Biblical Archaeology Society''. Archived from [https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/archaeology-today/biblicalarchaeology-topics/text-treasures-cairo-geniza/ the original] on June 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="div">{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=1364|title=The Cairo Genizah, the Largest and Most Diverse Collection of Medieval Manuscripts in the World|work=History of Information|accessdate=October 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705070817/https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=1364|archivedate=July 5, 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''History of Information''. Archived from [https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=1364 the original] on July 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Schechter, nke maralarị banyere Genizah ma ọ bụghị ihe ọ pụtara, ghọtara ozugbo mkpa ihe ahụ dị. Site n'enyemaka ego nke onye ọrụ ibe ya na enyi ya na Cambridge bụ Charles Taylor, Schechter mere njem nlegharị anya gaa Ijipt, ebe, site n'enyọ nke Chief Rabbi, ọ haziri ma wepụ akụkụ ka ukwuu nke ihe dị n'ime ụlọ Genizah. Agnes na Margaret sonyeere ya n'ebe ahụ n'ụzọ ha na-aga Sinai (nleta nke anọ ha n'ime afọ ise) ma gosi ha ụlọ ahụ Agnes kọrọ na ọ "naanị ihe a na-apụghị ịkọwa akọwa". [[Faịlụ:Solomon_Schechter_studying_the_fragments_of_the_Cairo_Genizah,_c._1898.jpg|thumb|Solomon Schechter na-arụ ọrụ na Cambridge University Library, na-amụ iberibe Cairo Genizah, c. 1898]] Ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị n'Ijipt bụ́ Count Riamo d'Hulst chọpụtara na Schechter, onye rụrụ ọrụ naanị ya, aghaghị ịnọ naanị ya n'ọrụ siri ike nke ịgụ ihe dị n'ime geniza, ọ rụchabeghịkwa ọrụ ahụ nke ọma, ọ meghịkwa nnukwu ihe e dere ede echekwara n'èzí n'ogige ụlọ nzukọ n'oge nrụzigharị ụlọ nzukọ n'afọ 1889-1892.<ref name="MG2">Glickman (2012), pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EJ_i7ijhBkAC&pg=PA88 88]-90.</ref> Count d'Hulst dere na e ji akwụkwọ kpuchie ọtụtụ n'ime ogige ahụ otu mita n'ịdị elu.<ref name="MG2" /> A hapụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a n'èzí mgbe emechara ya, d'Hulst duziri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnwa abụọ ka e gwupụtara ala ahụ.<ref name="MG2" /> Ka ọ na-erule Mee 1898, o nwere ike iziga nnukwu akpa akwụkwọ 16 na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Bodleian.<ref name="MG2" /> === Ebe ndị dị ugbu a === A na-edebe iberibe Genizah ugbu a n'ọbá akwụkwọ dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. Nchịkọta Taylor-Schechter na Cambridge bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, site n'ụzọ dị anya, otu nchịkọta, nke nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ iberibe 193,000 (137,000 shelf-mark). <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Cairo Genizah Collection|url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/genizah|publisher=Cambridge Digital Library|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> E nwere iberibe 43,000 ọzọ na Jewish Theological Seminary Library. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Library Special Collections|url=http://www.jtsa.edu/library-special-collections|accessdate=2021-07-28|work=www.jtsa.edu|date=2 February 2016}}</ref> Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Mahadum John Rylands dị na Manchester nwere nchịkọta nke ihe karịrị iberibe 11,000, nke a na-edepụta ugbu a ma bulite ya na ebe nchekwa ihe n'ịntanetị.<ref name="div"/> Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Bodleian na Mahadum Oxford nwere nchịkọta nke 25,000 Genizah folios. <ref name="bod" /> Westminster College dị na Cambridge nwere iberibe 1,700 nke Lewis na Gibson debere na 1896. <ref name="BBCFeb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-21372839|title=Appeal to buy Lewis-Gibson Genizah Collection|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|accessdate=February 18, 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, ọbá akwụkwọ abụọ nke Oxbridge, ọbá akwụkwọ Bodleian na Oxford na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Mahadum Cambridge, sonyeere iji nweta ego iji zụta nchịkọta Westminster (nke a na-akpọzi nchịkọta Lewis-Gibson) mgbe a na-ere ya maka £ 1.2 nde. Nke a bụ oge mbụ ọbá akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ jikọtara aka maka mgbalị dị otú ahụ. <ref name="BBCFeb" /> <ref name="bod">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/news/historic-rivals-join-forces-to-save-1,000-years-of-jewish-history|title=Historic rivals join forces to save 1,000 years of Jewish history|date=8 February 2013|accessdate=23 February 2013|publisher=Bodleian Libraries|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423101355/http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/news/historic-rivals-join-forces-to-save-1%2C000-years-of-jewish-history|archivedate=23 April 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Bodleian Libraries. 8 February 2013. Archived from [http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/news/historic-rivals-join-forces-to-save-1,000-years-of-jewish-history the original] on 23 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe dị n'ime ya na ihe ọ pụtara == [[Faịlụ:Fragment_of_the_Cairo_Genizah_-_The_Passover_Haggadah,_page_1_of_4.png|thumb|Iberibe haggada si na Cairo genizah]] Ọtụtụ n'ime iberibe ndị a hụrụ na Cairo Genizah nwere ike ịbụ na mmalite narị afọ nke puku afọ nke abụọ OA, e nwekwara ọtụtụ ihe ndị gara aga yana ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Ihe odide dị na Genizah gụnyere ihe dị nsọ na nke okpukpe yana ọtụtụ ihe odide ụwa. Ihe odide Genizah gụnyere ọtụtụ ọdịnaya. N'ime iberibe akwụkwọ, ụdị ndị kacha ewu ewu bụ akwụkwọ liturgical, ederede Baịbụl na ihe ndị yiri ya, na akwụkwọ ndị Rabaịk. E nwekwara ihe ndị nwere nkà ihe ọmụma, sayensị, ihe omimi, na asụsụ. N'ime ihe ndị na-abụghị akwụkwọ, e nwere akwụkwọ iwu na akwụkwọ ozi nkeonwe. Achọtakwara ihe omume ụlọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ahịa, yana ndekọ obodo dị iche iche.<ref name="RB" /> Omume a na-emekarị maka genizot (pl. nke genizah) bụ iwepu ihe dị n'ime ya oge ụfọdụ ma lie ha n'ebe ili ozu. E dere ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a n'Asụsụ Aramaic site na iji Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Hibru. Dị ka ndị Juu weere Hibru dị ka asụsụ Chineke, na ihe odide Hibru dị ka ihe odide nkịtị nke Chineke, a pụghị ibibi ihe odide ndị ahụ ọbụna ogologo oge mgbe ha mezuru ebumnuche ha. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Roberts|first=Martin|title=Defending the Bible against "Christians"|date=2014|publisher=WestBow Press|isbn=9781490824086|pages=52–53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8V_pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|accessdate=7 January 2021}}</ref> Ndị Juu dere ihe ndị ahụ na Genizah maara omenala na asụsụ nke ọha mmadụ ha nke oge a. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ bara uru dị ka ihe akaebe maka otu esi asụ ma ghọta asụsụ [[Arabic]] nke oge a.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Shohat|first=Ella|title=The Question of Judeo-Arabic|journal=The Arab Studies Journal|volume=23|issue=1|year=2015|pages=14–76}}</ref> Ha na-egosikwa na ndị Juu mepụtara akwụkwọ ndị ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ọha mmadụ nke oge ha: ha na-eme otu azụmahịa ahụ dị ka ndị agbata obi ha bụ [[Àlakụ̀ba|Ndị Alakụba]] na [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]], gụnyere ọrụ ugbo; ha zụrụ, ree, ma gbazite ala. [[Faịlụ:Cairo_Genizah_Fragment.jpg|thumb|Akwụkwọ ozi [[Maimonides]]" id="mwARk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abraham Maimonides">Abraham, nwa Maimonides bịanyere aka]] A pụghị imesi ike mkpa ihe ndị a dị maka iwughachi akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka oge dị n'etiti 950 na 1250. Onye ọkà mmụta ndị Juu Shelomo Dov Goitein mepụtara ndepụta maka oge a nke na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka mmadụ 35,000. Nke a gụnyere ihe dị ka 350 "ndị ama ama," n'etiti ha Maimonides na nwa ya nwoke Abraham, 200 "ezinụlọ ndị a maara nke ọma", na ịkpọ aha ọrụ 450 na ngwongwo 450. Ọ chọpụtara ihe sitere na Ijipt, [[Ọchịchị Palestaịn|Palestine]], [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]], Siria (ma n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ọ bụghị Damaskọs ma ọ bụ Aleppo), [[Tunisia]], Sicily, na ọbụna na-ekpuchi azụmahịa na [[Ndia|India]]. Obodo ndị a kpọtụrụ aha sitere na Samarkand na Central Asia ruo Seville na Sijilmasa, [[Morocco]] ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ; site na Aden n'ebe ugwu ruo Constantinople; Ọ bụghị naanị na obodo ndị dị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Mediterenian nke Narbonne, Marseilles, Genoa na Venice na-anọchite anya Europe, kamakwa ọbụna Kiev na Rouen ka a na-ekwu maka ha mgbe ụfọdụ. Karịsịa, ihe ndekọ dị iche iche nke ịkwụ ụgwọ nye ndị ọrụ maka mmezi ụlọ na ụdị ihe yiri ya bụ nchịkọta kachasị ukwuu nke ihe ndekọ nke ụgwọ ọnwa ụbọchị n'ụwa Alakụba maka mmalite oge ochie, n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike n'ịkọwa ego ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke data ahụ.<ref name="JVL"/> A na-ekwukarị na ha na mkparịta ụka banyere akụ na ụba Alakụba nke oge ochie kemgbe afọ 1930, mgbe a na-eme nchọpụta n'akụkụ a nke nchịkọta ahụ, ọkachasị site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta French. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị na Cairo Genizah abụghị ihe odide zuru ezu, kama ọ bụ iberibe nwere otu ma ọ bụ abụọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha mebiri onwe ha. N'otu aka ahụ, peeji nke otu ihe odide na-ekewapụkarị. Ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị ịchọta peeji nke otu ihe odide dị n'ọbá akwụkwọ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ dị iche iche nke oge a. N'aka nke ọzọ, ihe odide ndị na-abụghị nke akwụkwọ na-efunahụkarị uru ha ka oge na-aga, a hapụrụ ha na Genizah mgbe ha ka dị mma.<ref name="RB">{{Cite journal|author=Brody|first=Robert|title=Cataloguing the Cairo Genizah|journal=Judaica Librarianship|date=Spring 1999 – Winter 2000|volume=10|issue=1–2|pages=29–30|doi=10.14263/2330-2976.1149}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBrody1999–2000">Brody, Robert (Spring 1999 – Winter 2000). [[doi:10.14263/2330-2976.1149|"Cataloguing the Cairo Genizah"]]. ''Judaica Librarianship''. '''10''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.14263/2330-2976.1149|10.14263/2330-2976.1149]]</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe ndị ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ederede, gụnyere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ihe odide okpukpe ndị Juu na ọbụna iberibe akwụkwọ kor'an.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Connolly|first=Magdalen M.|title=A Survey of Personal-Use Qurʾan Manuscripts Based on Fragments from the Cairo Genizah|journal=Journal of Qurʾanic Studies|date=2021|volume=23|issue=2|pages=1–40|doi=10.3366/jqs.2021.0465}}</ref> Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa nye ndị ọkà mmụta Bible bụ ọtụtụ ihe odide na-ezughị ezu nke nsụgharị Hibru mbụ nke Sirach.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cowley|first=A. E.|title=The Original Hebrew of a Portion of Ecclesiasticus|url=https://archive.org/details/gtu_32400005376615|date=1897|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schechter|first=Solomon|title=Genizah Specimens: Ecclesiasticus|journal=Jewish Quarterly Review|date=1898|volume=10|issue=2|pages=197–206|doi=10.2307/1450712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jefferson|first=J. W.|title=A Genizah Secret: The Count d'Hulst and Letters Revealing the Race to Recover the Lost Leaves of the Original Ecclesiasticus|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-history-of-collections_2009_21_1/page/125|journal=Journal of the History of Collections|date=2009|volume=21|issue=1|pages=125–142|doi=10.1093/jhc/fhp003}}</ref> Solomon Schechter chọpụtakwara iberibe abụọ nke Damaskọs Document, iberibe ndị ọzọ e mechara chọta n'etiti Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ na Qumran.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Schechter|first=Solomon|title=Fragments of a Zadokite Work|date=1910|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}</ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ Cairo Genizah echekwaala ihe karịrị iberibe 2,500 metụtara ọgwụ, gụnyere nsụgharị Judeo-Arabic nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụike Grik na Arabic, ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ mbụ, ọgwụ ndị e dere, ihe ndị dọkịta dere, na akwụkwọ ndetu nke ndị dọkịta. Akwụkwọ ndị a na-enye nghọta pụrụ iche banyere akụkụ bara uru nke ọgwụ ndị Juu, na-ekpuchi isiokwu dị ka ọrịa anya, ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ, ịdị ọcha ọnụ, ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị, na ọrịa oge. Otu iberibe dị otú ahụ gụnyere nsụgharị nke Jonah ibn Biklārish's ''Kitāb al-Mustaʿīnī'', akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọgwụ e dere maka ụlọ ikpe Hūd na Zaragoza. Ihe ndị na-abụghị akwụkwọ, nke gụnyere akwụkwọ ụlọ ikpe, ihe odide iwu, na akwụkwọ ozi nke ndị Juu nọ n'ógbè ahụ (dị ka Akwụkwọ ozi nke ndị okenye Karaite nke Ascalon), dị ntakịrị, mana ka na-adọrọ mmasị: Goitein mere atụmatụ na ha dị "ihe dị ka ihe 10,000 nke ogologo ụfọdụ, nke 7,000 bụ ihe ndị nwere onwe ha buru ibu iji were dị ka akwụkwọ nke uru akụkọ ihe mere eme. Naanị ọkara n'ime ndị a ka echekwara kpamkpam. Ọnụọgụgụ akwụkwọ ndị a gbakwunyere na Genizah gbanwere n'ime afọ ndị ahụ niile. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụọgụ akwụkwọ ndị a gbakwunyere dị obere n'etiti 1266 na ihe dị ka 1500, mgbe ọtụtụ ndị Juu kwagara n'ebe ugwu gaa n'obodo Cairo kpọmkwem, ha wee hụ mmụba ihe dị ka 1500 mgbe ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si Spain mụbara obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ ha wetara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na Cairo nke mere ka a mata akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Khazaria na Kievan Rus, ya bụ, akwụkwọ ozi Khazar, akwụkwọ ozi Schechter, na akwụkwọ ozi Kievan. <ref name="JVL"/> A nọgidere na-eji Genizah eme ihe ruo mgbe ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịda anyanwụ na-achọsi ike maka ihe ya wepụrụ ya. Ọtụtụ genizot ndị ọzọ enyewo obere nchọpụta gafee Ụwa Ochie, ọkachasị ndị Itali dịka nke Perugia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://documentiebraici.unipg.it/galleriaENG.php|title=The Fragments of Hebrew Manuscripts discovered in the binding of books in the Biblioteca del Dottorato of the University of Perugia|publisher=[[University of Perugia]]|accessdate=23 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224203838/http://documentiebraici.unipg.it/galleriaENG.php|archive-date=24 February 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> A chọtara Geniza nke Afghanistan nke narị afọ nke iri na otu na 2011. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ancient manuscripts indicate Jewish communities once thrived in Afghanistan|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ancient-manuscripts-indicate-jewish-community-once-thrived-in-afghanistan/|accessdate=4 December 2013|work=[[CBS]]|date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Paul E. Kahle nyochara iberibe ''Cairo Geniza'' nke ọma, depụta ma sụgharịa ya. Blackwell bipụtara akwụkwọ ya, The Cairo Geniza na 1958, na mbipụta nke abụọ na 1959. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8aU8AAAAYAAJ&q=en|first=Paul E.|author=Kahle|authorlink=Paul E. Kahle|title=The Cairo Geniza|publisher=Blackwell|year=1959|isbn=9780835779616|edition=2nd|accessdate=2014-01-10}}</ref> === Ịgụ Akụkọ === Ndị Juu na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ na Cairo ochie jiri usoro nhazi akwụkwọ ego abụọ tupu e jiri ụdị dị otu a mee ihe na Itali, nke ihe ndekọ ya ka dị kemgbe narị afọ nke 11 AD, nke a chọtara n'etiti Cairo Geniza.. == Nnyocha == [[Faịlụ:Book_of_Josippon_(Add.1246)_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|15-16th c. iberibe ''Josippon'' na Yemen Judeo-Arabic site na Cairo Geniza, Cambridge University Library <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cairo Genizah : Book of Josippon|url=https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01246|accessdate=2025-06-02|work=Cambridge Digital Library}}</ref>]] Nchịkọta Cairo Genizah na Mahadum Pennsylvania na n'Ọbá Akwụkwọ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ Ihe Ndị Juu bụ isiokwu nke ọrụ sayensị ụmụ amaala na weebụsaịtị Zooniverse. A na-akpọ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ọrụ ahụ ka ha hazie iberibe Cairo Genizah nke e tinyere na dijitalụ, iji mee ka nnyocha dị mfe na iberibe ndị ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zooniverse|url=https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/judaicadh/scribes-of-the-cairo-geniza|work=Scribes of the Cairo Geniza|accessdate=15 September 2017}}</ref> Ọrụ Friedberg Geniza dị oke mkpa maka nyocha n'ihi na ọ na-agụnye iberibe Genizah niile na data bibliographical metụtara ha. Kemgbe afọ 1986, [[Princeton Geniza Lab]] anọwo na-amụ ma na-edepụta ihe odide geniza. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Text Searchable Database|url=https://genizalab.princeton.edu/about/history-princeton-geniza-lab/text-searchable-database|work=Princeton Geniza Lab|publisher=Princeton University|accessdate=6 October 2023}}</ref> Ọrụ ha gụnyere Princeton Geniza Project, ebe nchekwa data nke ihe karịrị ndekọ 30,000 na ndetu ederede geniza 4,600. Na mbido 2021, n'okpuru nduzi nke onye nduzi Marina Rustow na mmekorita ya na Daniel Stoekl Ben Ezra, ụlọ nyocha ahụ malitere inyocha mmụta igwe dị ka ụzọ isi dee akwụkwọ geniza, site na iji ngwa njirimara ederede aka..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Handwritten Text Recognition|url=https://genizalab.princeton.edu/projects/handwritten-text-recognition|work=Princeton Geniza Lab|publisher=Princeton university|accessdate=6 October 2023}}</ref> == Mmetụta ọdịbendị == Ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye edemede India bụ́ Amitav Ghosh kọrọ akụkọ ya banyere iberibe Genizah metụtara onye ahịa Juu bụ́ Abraham Ben Yiju n'akwụkwọ bụ́ In an Antique Land <ref>{{Cite book|author=Hawley|first=John C.|title=Amitav Ghosh : an introduction|date=2005|publisher=Foundation Books|isbn=81-7596-259-3|location=Delhi|oclc=63679806}}</ref> == Ihe ngosi == <gallery> Faịlụ:Fragment_MET_DP-12913-001.jpg Faịlụ:JRL_Gaster_ar._38.jpg Faịlụ:Education_(T-S_K5.13)_(cropped).jpg Faịlụ:Amulet_Cairo_Geniza.jpg Faịlụ:Book_of_Esther_a_part_of_Cairo_Geniza.jpg Faịlụ:Fragment_of_the_Cairo_Genizah_-_Legal_document.jpg Faịlụ:MS_HEB_d_41_4b_(2).jpg Faịlụ:Torah_Scroll_(MS_heb._a._4).jpg Faịlụ:Ms._Heb._e._39.78b.jpg </gallery> == Hụkwa == * Afghan Geniza, ihe ncheta yiri nke akwụkwọ okpukpe na nke ụwa oge ochie * Akwụkwọ Damaskọs * Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ * Ihe odide Dunhuang, ihe ncheta yiri nke okpukpe na nke ụwa oge ochie * Papyri Elephantine, ihe ncheta yiri nke akwụkwọ okpukpe na nke ụwa oge ochie * Herculaneum papyri, ihe ncheta yiri nke akwụkwọ okpukpe na nke ụwa oge ochie * Ihe odide Timbuktu * Solomon ben Semah * Yusuf ibn 'Awkal, onye ahịa a ma ama nke a chọtara akwụkwọ ozi ya na Cairo Geniza * Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Juu n'Ijipt * Ụlọ nzukọ ndị dị na Cairo * Ọkachamara Europe == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|2}} * {{Cite book|author=Burkitt|first=Francis Crawford|title=Fragments of the Books of Kings, According to the Translation of Aquila from a MS formerly in the Geniza at Cairo|date=1897|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|url=https://archive.org/details/fragmentsofbooks00aquiuoft/page/n13/mode/2up}} * {{Cite book|author=Goitein|first=Shelomo Dov|title=A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza|url=https://archive.org/details/mediterraneansoc0001goit_u3j2|date=1967–1993|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-5202-2158-3}} * {{Cite book|author=Hoffman|first=Adina|title=Sacred Trash: The Lost and Found World of the Cairo Geniza|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredtrashlostf0000hoff_u9q6|date=2011|publisher=Nextbook, Schocken|location=New York|isbn=978-0805242584}} * {{Cite journal|author=Posegay|first=Nick|title=Searching for the Last Genizah Fragment in Late Ottoman Cairo: A Material Survey of Egyptian Jewish Literary Culture|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|date=2022|volume=54|issue=FirstView|pages=423–441|doi=10.1017/S0020743822000356}} * {{Cite book|author=Rustow|first=Marina|title=The Lost Archive Traces of a Caliphate in a Cairo Synagogue|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton|year=2020|oclc=1132420189|isbn=978-0-691-18952-9}} * {{Cite book|author=Soskice|first=Janet|title=The Sisters of Sinai: How Two Lady Adventurers Discovered the Hidden Gospels|year=2009|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4000-3474-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n7PE-mujUkC|accessdate=2025-09-29}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Testament of Time, Isi nke iri na asatọ, Knopf. * {{Cite book|author=Glickman|first=Mark|title=Sacred Treasure - The Cairo Genizah: The Amazing Discoveries of Forgotten Jewish History in an Egyptian Synagogue Attic|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredtreasureth00glic|date=2011|publisher=Jewish Lights Publishing|location=Woodstock, VT|isbn=978-1580234313}} * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ndụ Nzuzo nke ndị Juu nke Cairo", Book Review. * {{Cite book|author=Reif|first=Stefan C.|title=A Jewish Archive from Old Cairo: The History of Cambridge University's Genizah Collection|url=https://archive.org/details/jewisharchivefro0000reif|date=2000|publisher=Curzon|location=Richmond, Surrey|isbn=978-0700713127}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://fjms.genizah.org/ Òtù Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Ndị Juu Friedberg] * [https://geniza.princeton.edu/en/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Princeton Geniza Project] * [https://guides.library.jhu.edu/jewish-studies/genizah Cairo Genizah] na Johns Hopkins Sheridan Libraries[[Johns Hopkins Sheridan Libraries|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Johns Hopkins Sheridan]] * Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit na Mahadum Cambridge * [https://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/genizah-fragments Genizah Fragments Blog] nke Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Mahadum Cambridge * [https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/genizah Nchịkọta Taylor-Schechter] na Cambridge Digital LibraryỌ́bá Akwụkwọ Digital nke Cambridge * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406014353/http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/genizah/ Penn/Cambridge Genizah Fragment Project] * [https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/judaicadh/scribes-of-the-cairo-geniza Ndị odeakwụkwọ nke Cairo Geniza] Project nke ịdepụta akwụkwọ site na iji ikpo okwu Zooniverse * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040415213647/http://www.tau.ac.il/taunews/97spring/medieval.html Window na-eduga na ndụ ndị Juu n'oge ochie] * [https://apcairogenizah.com/ Abụ Arabic na Cairo Genizah] * Cairo Geniza: General Survey and History of Discovery, Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, nke Stefan Reif, 2010, peeji nke 7 - 12 * Women of the Cairo Geniza Podcast ihe omume na-egosipụta ọnụnọ ụmụ nwanyị na ederede Geniza, Tzipora Weinberg na mkparịta ụka ya na Eve Krakowski * [https://smarthistory.org/cairo-geniza/ Smarthistory.org - Cairo Geniza] {{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lxdq7v7r8dba7c4zvuuj6oalua2ue9h 0 73333 743875 687128 2026-11-08T09:14:51Z ~2026-59245-16 67512 743875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Pou Temara investiture 2016 (cropped).jpg|thumb|William Te Rangiua Temara ]]   '''Sir William Te Rangiua''' "Pou" '''Temara''' KNZM (21 Eprel 1948 - 8 Novemba 2026) bụ onye nkuzi New Zealand. Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke Asụsụ Maori na tikanga Māori (omume) na Mahadum Waikato <ref name="waikato">{{Cite web|title=Pou Temara - Māori & Pacific Development : University of Waikato|url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/smpd/about/staff/mauriora|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418213543/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/fmis/about/staff/mauriora|archivedate=2017-04-18|accessdate=2014-06-05|work=The University of Waikato}}</ref> na ikike ọdịbendị na {{Lang|Mi|whaikōrero}} (okwu ihu), ''whakapapa'' (usoro ọmụmụ) na ''karakia'' (ekpere na nkwuwa okwu). <ref name="lang">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/7642907/M-ori-professor-returned-to-his-roots|title=Māori professor returned to his roots &#124; Stuff.co.nz|publisher=stuff.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> Tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ na Waikato, ọ kuziri na Mahadum Victoria nke Wellington, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ,[1] na na Te Wānanga o Awanuiārangi. Ugbu a ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Māori Philosophy na Awanuiārangi.<ref name="nzherald">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10831519|title=Mastery of te reo earns top honour - National - NZ Herald News|date=19 January 2012|publisher=nzherald.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> <ref name="just">{{Cite web|url=https://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/en/about/about-the-waitangi-tribunal/tribunal/professor-pou-temara|title=Professor Pou Temara — Waitangi Tribunal|publisher=Waitangi Tribunal|accessdate=27 June 2025}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Temara n'afọ Eprel 1948. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e-tangata.co.nz/korero/pou-temara-a-modern-tohunga/|title=Pou Temara: a modern tohunga|first=Dale|author=Husband|date=6 June 2020|work=E-Tangata|accessdate=17 May 2021}}</ref> Nne na nna nna ya zụlitere ya n'Asụsụ Maori na Ureweras ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, mgbe e zigara ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi asụsụ Bekee na Auckland.<ref name="lang">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/7642907/M-ori-professor-returned-to-his-roots|title=Māori professor returned to his roots &#124; Stuff.co.nz|publisher=stuff.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ Maori bụ Jean Puketapu . <ref name="stuff2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/hutt-valley/7393797/Maori-language-pioneer-dies|title=Maori language pioneer dies &#124; Stuff.co.nz|publisher=stuff.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> Nwanne nna ya [[Makarini Temara]] nọ na Waitangi Tribunal mbụ na Juun 1975. <ref name="stuff3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/633447/Waitangi-Tribunal-job-for-Waikato-academic|title=Waitangi Tribunal job for Waikato academic &#124; Stuff.co.nz|publisher=stuff.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> Temara bụ nwa George Temara, onye agha WWII nke ndị Maori Battalion. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-18|title=George Temara {{!}} 28 Māori Battalion|url=https://28maoribattalion.org.nz/photo/george-temara|accessdate=2025-09-10|work=28maoribattalion.org.nz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=George Te Mara {{!}} 28 Māori Battalion|url=https://28maoribattalion.org.nz/soldier/george-te-mara|accessdate=2025-09-10|work=28maoribattalion.org.nz|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ ọrụ == Temara bụ onye otu Waitangi Tribunal kemgbe afọ 2008 <ref name="just">{{Cite web|url=https://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/en/about/about-the-waitangi-tribunal/tribunal/professor-pou-temara|title=Professor Pou Temara — Waitangi Tribunal|publisher=Waitangi Tribunal|accessdate=27 June 2025}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke Repatriation Advisory Panel na Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa <ref name="tepapa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/AboutUs/Repatriation/Pages/RepatriationAdvisoryPanel.aspx|title=Repatriation Advisory Panel - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ|publisher=tepapa.govt.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> .<ref name="nzherald2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10780942|title=Maori looking at preserving heads again, says academic - National - NZ Herald News|date=19 January 2012|publisher=nzherald.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref>Ọ bụ onye otu Tūhoe Waikaremoana Māori Trust Board[1] na onye isi oche nke Te Hui Ahurei a Tūhoe n'ime iwi (ebo ya), Ngāi Tūhoe.[1] Ọ bụ onye otu Tekau-mā-rua, ebe mbụ Kīngi Tūheitia họpụtara ya. <ref name="tepapa" /> <ref name="stuff">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/9870061/Iwi-leaders-chosen-to-form-Kings-Council|title=Iwi leaders chosen to form King's Council &#124; Stuff.co.nz|publisher=stuff.co.nz|accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref> === Telivishọn === Ọ bụ onye ngosi Korero Mai, usoro asụsụ Māori izizi nke Television New Zealand. == Nsọpụrụ == [[Faịlụ:Pou_Temara_KNZM_investiture_by_Patsy_Reddy.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ntinye Temara dị ka Knight Companion nke New Zealand Order of Merit site na gọvanọ-ọchịagha, Dame Patsy Reddy, na Government House, Wellington, na 6 Mee 2021]] Na 2016 Queen's Birthday Honours, Temara ka a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye so na New Zealand Order of Merit, maka ọrụ na Māori na agụmakwụkwọ.[1] Na nsọpụrụ afọ ọhụrụ 2021, ewelitere ya ịbụ Knight Companion.[2] Ọ bụ onye otu Royal Society of New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=View our Companions|url=https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/who-we-are/our-people/our-companions/view-our-companions/|accessdate=2022-11-28|work=Royal Society Te Apārangi}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.waikato.ac.nz/fmis/about/staff/mauriora Pou Temara - Maori na Indigenous Studies: Mahadum nke Waikato] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] r5xwtw1yx5iza2g6441qycvy1wfajhe 0 73732 743861 696950 2026-11-08T04:30:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Ireland (1866–1963)}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = Domhnaill Ua Buachalia circa 1932.jpg | caption = Ua Buachalia {{circa|1932}} | office = [[Gọvanọ-General nke Steeti Nnwere Onwe nke Ireland]] | term_start = 27 Nọvemba 1932 | term_end = Disemba 11, 1936 | monarch = {{ubl|[[George V]]|[[Edward VIII]]}} | predecessor = [[James McNeill]] | successor = ''A kwụsịrị ọfịs'' | office2 = [[Teachta Dála]] | term_start2 = [[June 1927 Irish general election|Juun 1927]] | term_end2 = [[1932 Irish general election|Febụwarị 1932]] | constituency2 = [[Kildare (Dáil constituency)|Kildare]] | term_start3 = [[1921 Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland general elections|Mee 1921]] | term_end3 = [[1922 Irish general election|Juun 1922]] | constituency3 = [[Kildare–Wicklow]] | term_start4 = [[1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland|Disemba 1918]] | term_end4 = [[1921 Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland general elections|Mee 1921]] | constituency4 = [[North Kildare (UK Parliament constituency)|Kildare North]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1866|2|3|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Maynooth]], [[County Kildare]], Ireland | death_date = {{death date and age|1963|10|30|1866|2|3|df=y}} | death_place = [[Dublin]], Ireland | alma_mater = | education = | spouse = {{marriage|Sinéad Walsh|1897|1918|end=d.}} | children = 7 }} '''Domhnall Ua Buachalla''' ({{langx|en|'''Daniel Richard''' "'''Donal'''" '''Buckley'''}}; 3 Febụwarị 1866 – 30 Ọktoba 1963) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[ndị Irish|Irish]] na onye otu [[First Dáil]] onye jere ozi dị ka nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ [[gọvanọ-isi nke Irish Free State]] site na 1932 ruo 1936, ma mechaa jee ozi dị ka onye otu [[Kọnsụl nke Steeti (Ireland)|Kọnsụl nke Steeti]] site na 1959 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.<ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Donal-Buckley.D.1919-01-21/|title=Donal Buckley|work=Oireachtas Members Database|access-date=20 August 2010|archive-date=8 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025948/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Donal-Buckley.D.1919-01-21|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Mbido ndụ== Ua Buachalla a mụrụ ya na [[Maynooth]] na [[County Kildare]] na 3 Febụwarị 1866.<ref name="birthregistration">{{cite web |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/birth_returns/births_1866/03543/2304138.pdf |title=Births in the District of Maynooth in the Union of Celbridge, 1866 |website=irishgenealogy.ie |at=Entry Numbers 140–149 |access-date=1 March 2021 |quote=144 [..] Third February 1866 Maynooth [..] Daniel [..] Male [..] Cornelius Buckley Maynooth [..] Sarah Buckley formerly Jacob [..] Shopkeeper}}</ref> E denyere aha ọmụmụ ya dịka Daniel, nwa Cornelius Buckley, onye na-azụ ahịa, na Sarah Buckley, onye aha nna ya bụ Jacob.<ref name="birthregistration"/> Ọ lụrụ Sinéad Walsh na [[Dolphin's Barn]], [[Dublin]], na 3 Juun 1897.<ref name="marriageregistration">{{cite web |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/marriage_returns/marriages_1897/10454/5806951.pdf |title=Marriages in the Superintendent Registrar's District of South Dublin, 1897 |website=irishgenealogy.ie |at=Entry Numbers 135–138 |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925012905/https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/captcha.jsp |url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe ọ lụsịrị nwunye, ya na ezinụlọ ya biri na Maynooth,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Kildare/Maynooth/Leinster_Street/1437940/ |title=Residents of a house 7 in Leinster Street (Maynooth, Kildare) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 March 1901 |website=census.nationalarchives.ie |access-date=1 March 2010 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925012859/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Kildare/Maynooth/Leinster_Street/1437940/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=18 March 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925012859/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Kildare/Maynooth/Leinster_Street/1437940/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kildare/Maynooth/Main_Street/540761/ |title=Residents of a house 29 in Main Street (Maynooth, Kildare) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2 April 1911 |website=census.nationalarchives.ie |access-date=1 March 2010 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925012908/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kildare/Maynooth/Main_Street/540761/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=18 March 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925012908/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kildare/Maynooth/Main_Street/540761/ }}</ref> ebe ọ na-ere ahịa nri, ụlọ ahịa ịnyịnya ígwè na ụlọ mmanya n'obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado [[asụsụ Irish]] na onye otu [[Conradh na Gaeilge]]. N'afọ 1907, ejidere ya ma jide ihe oriri ya mgbe ọ jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ịse ihe e ji ụgbọala nri ya nke e ji "Domhnall Ua Buachalla" (aha ya n'asụsụ Irish) sere, dịka iwu Britain siri kwuo, a ga-edeba ụgbọala nri naanị n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name=time>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,882430,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027070033/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,882430,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 October 2010 |title=Irish Free State: King George's Domhnall |magazine=Time |access-date=20 August 2010 |date=5 December 1932}}</ref> ==1916–1932== Ọ bụ onye otu [[Ndị Ọrụ Afọ Ofufe Irish]] nakwa n'oge mmalite nke afọ 1916 [[Easter Rising]], Ọ gbara ígwè kilomita iri abụọ na isii gaa Dublin, hụ na Rising ahụ amalitela ma laghachi na Maynooth, ebe ọ kpọkọtara ndị ikom ya, kpọọrọ ha gaa Dublin wee lụọ ọgụ na GPO na dịka onye agha n'ogige ndị agha dị na Exchange Hotel dị na [[Parliament Street, Dublin|Parliament Street]] na Arnott's nke Henry Street; ọ bụ onye na agbapụ egbe ọsọ ọsọ. Mgbe ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ GPO, e zigara ya n'ụgbọ mmiri wee ruo n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe William na Woods, mana ọ hụrụ na ọ jupụtara na ndị ohi, wee pụọ. O ruru ebe ahụ [[ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Broadstone]] mana ndị agha Britain jidere ya ebe ahụ ma ziga ya na [[Ụlọ Nche Richmond]], sitekwa ebe ahụ gaa n'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Knutsford wee gaa [[Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Frongoch]] na Wales.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0194.pdf |title=Bureau of Military History, 1913–21. Statement By Witness. Document No. W.S. 194. |last=Ua Buachalla |first=Domhnall |author-link=Domhnall Ua Buachalla |date=16 February 1949 |website=militaryarchives.ie |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927075614/http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0194.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ekeresimesi nke afọ 1916, ma kọwaara na enyere ndị mkpọrọ ahụ "nnabata eze" mgbe ha lọtara. Dịka ọtụtụ ndị lanarịrịnụ na Rising, o sonyeere [[Sinn Féin]], otu obere pati nkewapụ onwe onye nke gọọmentị Britain boro ebubo na ọ bụ ya kpatara Ista Rising. Mgbe mbilite ahụ gasịrị, ndị lanarịrịnụ nke [[Éamon de Valera]] duziri were ọchịchị otu ahụ n'ọgụ maka ntọala mba Ireland. A họpụtara Ua Buachalla dị ka onye omeiwu Sinn Féin maka [[North Kildare (mpaghara omeiwu UK)|Kildare North]] na [[1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland|1918 general election]]. Ọ jere ozi na [[First Dáil]] (1918–1921), ewee họpụta ya ọzọ na [[Dáil nke abụọ]] na 1921 dị ka [[Teachta Dála]] (TD) maka [[Kildare – Wicklow]].<ref name=dib>{{cite web |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/o-buachalla-ua-buachalla-domhnall-donaldaniel-richard-buckley-a6284 |title=Ó Buachalla (Ua Buachalla), Domhnall (Donal/Daniel Richard Buckley) |work=[[Dictionary of Irish Biography]] |last=Coleman |first=Marie |access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref> Ọ kwadoro de Valera ma megide [[Nkwekọrịta Anglo-Irish]]. Ọ lụrụ ọgụ na [[Ụlọikpe Anọ]] n'oge [[Agha Obodo Ireland|Agha Obodo]]. N'ụlọ mkpọrọ [[Dundalk]], ndị agha Anti-Treaty tọhapụrụ ya n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1922.<ref name=biography>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/eire/eire_gg/buckley.php |title=Biography of Ua Buachalla |work=archontology.org |access-date=20 August 2010 |archive-date=6 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806023441/http://www.archontology.org/nations/eire/eire_gg/buckley.php |url-status=live}}</ref> A napụrụ ya oche ya na [[1922 ntuli aka izugbe nke Ireland|1922 ntuli aka izugbe]], ọ bụkwa onye na-azọ ọkwa na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na [[1923 ntuli aka izugbe nke Ireland|1923]]. ==Gọvanọ-General nke Ireland== O sonyeere [[Fianna Fáil]] na ntọala ya na 1926 ma họpụta ya dịka Fianna Fáil TD maka [[Kildare (mpaghara Dáil)|mpaghara Kildare]] na [[Ntuli aka izugbe nke Ireland nke June 1927|Ntuli aka izugbe nke June 1927]], naanị iji tụfuo oche ahụ na [[1932 ntuli aka izugbe nke Ireland|nhoputa izugbe nke 1932]], nke Fianna Fáil meriri.<ref name=elecs_irl>{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=1317|title=Donal Buckley|work=ElectionsIreland.org|access-date=20 August 2010|archive-date=22 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222072324/http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=1317|url-status=live}}</ref> Éamon de Valera họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ [[Gọvanọ-General nke Irish Free State]] mgbe [[James McNeill]] gbasịrị arụkwaghịm na Nọvemba 1932. ==Ntuziaka iji mee ka profaịlụ dị ala== De Valera nyere Ua Buachalla iwu doro anya dịka Gọvanọ-General ka ọ ghara inwe mmasị n'ebe ọha na eze nọ, kama ka ọ ghara imezu ọrụ ọha na eze, nke bụ akụkụ nke amụma de Valera ime ka ọfịs ahụ bụrụ ihe na-abaghị uru site n'ibelata ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-enye [[nkwenye eze (Ireland)|nkwenye eze]] iwu, ịkpọ oku ma gbasaa [[Dáil Éireann]] ma na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke ọfịs ahụ, ọ jụrụ òkù niile ọha kpọrọ ya ma mee ka a ghara ịhụ ya anya, dịka Gọọmentị ya gwara ya. N'eziokwu, n'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa ọrụ, ọ rụrụ naanị otu ọrụ ọha: ịnata akwụkwọ ikike nke onye nnọchi anya mba France na Ireland n'ụlọ nzukọ Kansụl, Ụlọ Gọọmentị, 1933, n'aha Eze [[George nke Ise]]. Agbanyeghị, de Valera mechara mee ka ọrụ ahụ si n'aka Gọvanọ-General gaa n'ọkwa nke ya nke [[Onyeisi oche nke Kansụl Executive nke Irish Free State|Onyeisi oche nke Kansụl Executive]]; kama inye Ua Buachalla akwụkwọ ikike ya, Minista nke mba Amerịka, [[William Wallace McDowell]], gosiri de Valera onwe ya.<ref name="TIME">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080501131445/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C929707%2C00.html Seanascal Domnhall], ''[[TIME]]'', April 9, 1934</ref> Otu n'ime ihe ole na ole ndị ọzọ e kwuru okwu banyere Ua Buachalla n'ihu ọha bụ mgbe, mgbe Eze George nke Ise nwụsịrị na Jenụwarị 1936, ọ ghaghị ịza ozi nkasi obi nke Onyeisiala United States [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] na [[Odeakwụkwọ nke United States]] [[Cordell Hull]] zigara ndị Ireland. Na ntuziaka de Valera, Ua Buachalla ebighị n'ụlọ gọọmentị nke Gọvanọ-General, Viceregal Lodge (nke a na-akpọ ugbu a [[Áras an Uachtaráin]], ebe obibi nke [[Onyeisiala Ireland]]).<ref name="TIME" /> Kama, a gbaziri otu ụlọ maka obibi ya na [[Monkstown, Dublin|Monkstown]], n'èzí Dublin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stillslibrary.rte.ie/indexplus/image/0508/037.html |title=Permalink – Stills Library – RTÉ Archives |date=5 July 2012 |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002043340/https://stillslibrary.rte.ie/indexplus/image/0508/037.html |url-status=live |accessdate=18 March 2026 |archivedate=2 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002043340/https://stillslibrary.rte.ie/indexplus/image/0508/037.html }}</ref> Aha Bekee a kpọrọ "Gọvanọ-General" ka e ji aha [[asụsụ Irish|Irish]] "Seanascal" ma ọ bụ ntụgharị ya kpọmkwem, "[[Seneschal]]" dochie ya nke ukwuu; agbanyeghị, "Gọvanọ-General" ka bụ ụdị iwu e ji eme ihe n'akwụkwọ na mkpọsa ndị e ji asụsụ Bekee mee.<ref>[http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000580782 Headed paper and seal of the Governor General (Seanascal) of the Irish Free State] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001221343/http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000580782 |date=1 October 2016}}, [[National Library of Ireland]]</ref> Ua Buachalla jụrụ ihe niile ma e wezụga [[Irish paụnd|£]]2,000 nke ụgwọ ọnwa £10,000 nke Gọvanọ-General. ==Esemokwu ya na de Valera== [[File:Gorthleitreach.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ Gortleitragh, Monkstown]] Ua Buachalla nwere esemokwu ya na de Valera maka etu o si pụọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị na Disemba 1936. De Valera chọrọ iji [[Edward nke Asatọ nsogbu ịchụpụ nwa | nsogbu ịchụpụ nwa]] gbara Eze gbara ya gburugburu [[Edward nke Asatọ nke United Kingdom |Edward nke Asatọ]] imeziwanye Iwu nke Ọchịchị Mba Ireland ka ọ kwụsị ma [[Okpueze|Okpueze]] ma ọkwa gọvanọ-general. Mgbe o mere nke a, o chere ihu iyi egwu nke ikpe ụlọikpe site n'aka Ua Buachalla, onye a hapụrụ n'onwe ya maka mgbazinye ụlọ nkeonwe dị oke ọnụ nke otu afọ fọdụrụnụ n'ụlọ ya, mgbe ewepụchara ọfịs ya na mberede. N'ọrụ, n'etiti afọ 1933 na Disemba 1936, gọọmentị Ireland kwụrụ ụgwọ Ua Buachalla, nke o si kwụọ ụgwọ ụlọ dị oke ọnụ nke a họpụtara maka ya. Agbanyeghị, site na Disemba 1936, gọọmentị siri ọnwụ na ọ nweghị ọrụ ọ bụla maka ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ebe obibi ahụ. Na 1932, dịka ndụmọdụ doro anya nke de Valera nyere ya, Ua Buachalla gbaziri ebe obibi ahụ ruo afọ ise zuru oke, nke bụ oge ọ tụrụ anya na ọ ga-anọ n'ọkwa. E nwere otu afọ fọdụrụ maka mgbazinye ụlọ, maka ebe obibi ọ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ya ugbu a, nke ọ na-enweghịzi mkpa maka ya ugbu a ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghịzi gọvanọ-General. N'ikpeazụ, a manyere de Valera inye Ua Buachalla nnukwu ego ezumike nka ma kwụọ ụgwọ ụlọ na mmefu ya iji kwụsị ikpe ụlọikpe nwere ike ime ihere na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1937/act/20/section/4/enacted/en/html |title=Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937 |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714120251/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1937/act/20/section/4/enacted/en/html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eduard Hempel]] onye nnọchi anya mba Jamanị na mba Ireland weghaara ebe obibi ahụ, Gortleitragh. Ua Buachalla gara emume nraranye nke Onyeisiala mbụ nke Ireland, [[Douglas Hyde]], na [[Dublin Castle]] na June 1938. ==Nhọpụta ịbụ Kansụl nke Steeti na ndụ mgbe e mesịrị== Ua Buachalla na de Valera jikọrọ aka dịka ndị mmekọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma n'omume mgbaghara ihe atụ, de Valera mgbe a họpụtara ya [[Onyeisiala Ireland]] na 1959, ọ họpụtara Ua Buachalla ka ọ bịa n'ọkwa ndụmọdụ ya [[Kọnsụl Steeti (Ireland)|Kọnsụl Steeti]]. Agbanyeghị, ọ laghachiri na Maynooth ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ezinụlọ ya, ụlọ ahịa ngwaike nke e hiwere na 1853. Domhnall Ua Buachalla nwụrụ n'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1963, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na asaa, n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi dị na Dublin.<ref name="deathregistration">{{cite web |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1963/04277/4099817.pdf |title=Deaths in the Superintendent Registrar's District of Dublin, 1963 |website=irishgenealogy.ie |at=Entry Numbers 426–435 |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925012900/https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/captcha.jsp |url-status=live}}</ref> E nyere ya [[ndepụta nke olili ozu steeti Ireland|olili ozu steeti]] ma lie ya n'ili Laraghbryan na [[Maynooth]], tinyere okwu n'akụkụ ili nke Onyeisiala de Valera kwuru.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kildare.ie/library/ehistory/2009/02/funeral_of_domhnall_ua_buachal_1.asp |title=Funeral of Domhnall Ua Buachalla |work=Co. Kildare Online Electronic History Journal|access-date=20 August 2010 |archive-date=29 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129063903/http://www.kildare.ie/library/ehistory/2009/02/funeral_of_domhnall_ua_buachal_1.asp |url-status=live}}</ref> Ụlọ ahịa ngwaike nke Ua Buachalla mechiri na Ọktoba 2005. A kpọrọ okporo ụzọ dị n'akụkụ ụlọ ahịa a aha ya (ọ bụ ezie na a sụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ Bekee dị ka "Buckley's Lane"). A kwatuola ụlọ ahụ, mana e chebere ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị n'ihu ya, ụlọ ahụ nwekwara aha "Buckley House". ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ua Buachalla, Domhnall}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] d7vsl69kmxtortc2uk53awhfa21ivtk 0 73843 743865 706870 2026-11-08T05:08:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onyeisiala mba Ireland site na 1938 ruo 1945}} {{For|Onye nta akụkọ kọmunist nke Bekee na onye na-eme mkpọsa onye ghọrọ onye Katọlik | Douglas Hyde (onye ọdee akwụkwọ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Douglas Hyde | image = Douglas Hyde, circa 1940.jpg | caption = Hyde {{circa}} 1940 | office = [[Onyeisiala mba Ireland]] | taoiseach = [[Éamon de Valera]] | term_start = 25 Juun 1938 | term_end = 24 Juun 1945 | predecessor = ''E hiwere ọfịs'' | succeeded = [[Seán T. O'Kelly]] | office1 = [[Seanad Éireann|Senator]] | term_start1 = 27 Eprel 1938 | term_end1 = 4 Mee 1938 | constituency1 = [[Nominated members of Seanad Éireann|Nominated by the Taoiseach]] | office2 = [[Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)|Senator]] | term_start2 = 4 Febụwarị 1925 | term_end2 = [[1925 Seanad election|17 Septemba 1925]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1860|1|17|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Castlerea]], [[County Roscommon]], Ireland | death_date = {{death date and age|1949|7|12|1860|1|17|df=y}} | death_place = [[Little Ratra]], [[Phoenix Park]], [[Dublin]], Ireland | resting_place = Portahard Church Cemetery, [[Frenchpark]], County Roscommon, Ireland | party = [[Independent politician (Ireland)|Independent]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lucy Kurtz]]|1893|1938|reason=d}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Trinity College Dublin]] | profession = {{Hlist|[[Ndị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ | Agụmakwụkwọ]]|Onye na-akwado asụsụ Irish|[[onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]]|[[Ọmụmụ Asụsụ|Ọkà mmụta Asụsụ]]}} | signature = Douglas Hyde Signature.svg |}} '''Douglas Ross Hyde''' ({{langx|ga|Dubhghlas de hÍde}}; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), nke a maara dị ka {{lang|ga|'''An Craoibhín Aoibhinn'''}}, bụ ọkà mmụta asụsụ Irish, ọkà mmụta asụsụ, ọkà mmụta asụsụ Irish, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na onye nnọchi anya mba nke jere ozi dị ka [[onyeisi ala Ireland]] mbụ site na June 1938 ruo June 1945. Ọ bụ onye ndu na [[mmeghachi omume Gaelic]], na onyeisi oche mbụ nke [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Gaelic League]], otu n'ime òtù omenala kacha nwee mmetụta na Ireland n'oge ahụ. ==Ihe ndabere== A mụrụ Hyde n'ụlọ Longford dị na ndịda London [[Castlerea]], [[County Roscommon]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Longford House, Longford, Castlerea, Roscommon |url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/31926002/longford-house-longford-castlerea-roscommon |website=buildingsofireland.ie|publisher=National Inventory of Architectural Heritage|language=en-IE|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> ebe nne ya, Elizabeth Hyde (onye mụrụ Oldfield; 1834–1886), nọ na obere nleta. Nna ya, Arthur Hyde, onye ezinụlọ ya si na [[Castlehyde]] dị nso na [[Fermoy]], [[County Cork]], bụ [[Church of Ireland]] [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] nke Kilmactranny, [[County Sligo]], site na 1852 ruo 1867, ọ bụkwa ebe a ka Hyde biri ndụ ya n'oge mbụ ya.<ref name=dib>{{cite web|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/hyde-douglas-de-hide-dubhghlas-a4185|title=Hyde, Douglas (de hÍde, Dubhghlas)|work=[[Dictionary of Irish Biography]]|last=Maume|first=Patrick |access-date=26 December 2023}}</ref> Arthur Hyde na Elizabeth Oldfield lụrụ na [[County Roscommon]], na 1852, ma mụta ụmụ atọ ndị ọzọ: Arthur Hyde (1853–79 na [[County Leitrim]]), John Oldfield Hyde (1854–96 na [[County Dublin]]), na Hugh Hyde (1856).<ref>{{cite book |last=McTernan |first=John C. |title=Worthies of Sligo, Profiles of Eminent Sligonians of Other Days |year=1994 |publisher=Avena Publications |location=Sligo |isbn=0-85342-503-5}}</ref> [[File:DouglasHydepresident.jpg|thumb|left|Mgbe Hyde bụ nwa okorobịa]] Na 1867, a họpụtara nna ya [[prebendary]] dịka onyeisi Tibohine, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagakwara n'ebe dị nso na [[Frenchpark]], na County Roscommon. Nna ya na nwanne nne ya kụziiri ya ihe n'ụlọ n'ihi ọrịa nwata ya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Douglas_Hyde3344120424 |title=Multitext Project in Irish History – Douglas Hyde |access-date=31 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001215611/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Douglas_Hyde3344120424 |archive-date=1 October 2011 }}</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, ọ malitere ịnụ ka ndị agadi bi n'ógbè ahụ na-asụ [[asụsụ Irish]]. Onye na-elekọta egwuregwu bụ́ Séamus Hart na nwunye enyi ya, bụ́ Oriakụ Connolly, metụtara ya karịsịa. Mgbe Hart dị afọ iri na anọ, Hyde nwere mwute mgbe ọ nwụrụ, mmasị ya n'asụsụ Irish—asụsụ mbụ ọ malitere ịmụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, dịka ọrụ nke ya—dịkwa ka ọ malitere ruo oge ụfọdụ. Agbanyeghị, ọ gara [[Dublin]] ọtụtụ ugboro wee chọpụta na e nwere otu ìgwè mmadụ, dịka ya, nwere mmasị na Irish, asụsụ ọtụtụ mmadụ lere anya n'ala n'oge ahụ, a na-ahụkwa ya dị ka asụsụ na-aga azụ ma na-aga n'ihu. N'ịjụ nrụgide ezinụlọ nke na, dịka ọgbọ Hydes gara aga, ọ ga-agbaso ọrụ dịka [[onye ụkọchukwu Anglican]], Hyde ghọziri onye gụrụ akwụkwọ. Ọ banyere [[Trinity College Dublin]], ebe ọ mụtara asụsụ French nke ọma, [[Latin]], German, [[Grik|Grik]], na [[asụsụ Hibru|Hibru]], gụchara akwụkwọ na 1884 dịka onye nhazi akwụkwọ nke oge a. Dịka onye meriri ihe nrite nke [[College Historical Society]], a họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi oche ha na 1931.<ref name="Dunleavy">{{cite book |last=Dunleavy |first=Janet & Gareth |title=Douglas Hyde – A Maker of Modern Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/douglashydemaker0000dunl |year=1991 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |location=Berkeley, California |isbn=0-520-06684-7}}</ref> Mmasị o nwere maka [[mmelite asụsụ]] nke ndị Irish, nke nọ na-ada ada nke ukwuu, dugara ya n'inyere aka guzobe [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Gaelic League]], ma ọ bụ n'asụsụ Irish, {{lang|ga|Conradh na Gaeilge}}, na 1893. Hyde lụrụ onye a mụrụ na Germany mana a zụlitere na Britain [[Lucy Kurtz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/douglas-hyde/biography/|title=Douglas Hyde - Douglas Hyde Biography|website=Poem Hunter|access-date=1 March 2017|archive-date=1 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301195223/https://www.poemhunter.com/douglas-hyde/biography/|url-status=live}}</ref> na 1893. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Nuala na Úna.<ref>The Trustees of FreeBMD (2005). [http://freebmd.rootsweb.com FreeBMD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903015822/https://freebmd.rootsweb.com/ |date=3 September 2021 }}. Retrieved 12 November 2005.</ref> ==Nzukọ Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic== {{main|Conradh na Gaeilge}} Hyde sonyeere [[Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language]] n'ihe dịka afọ 1880, n'agbata afọ 1879 na 1884, o bipụtara ihe karịrị otu narị iberibe amaokwu Irish n'okpuru [[aha pen]] {{lang|ga|An Craoibhín Aoibhinn}}.<ref name="OCor">{{cite web |url=http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Douglas_Hyde3344120424 |title=Douglas Hyde |last=Ó Corráin |first=Donnchadh |publisher=University College Cork, Multitext Project in Irish History |access-date=10 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001215611/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Douglas_Hyde3344120424 |archive-date= 1 October 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Portrait of Dr Douglas Hyde .PNG|thumb|Foto nke Hyde]] Ná mmalite, ndị otu asụsụ Irish chịrị ọchị, ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ ha. Hyde nyere aka guzobe ''[[Gaelic Journal]]'' na 1892; na Nọvemba, o dere akwụkwọ mkpughe nke akpọrọ ''Mkpa dị mkpa maka ịchekwa asụsụ Irish'',<ref name="OCor"/> na-arụ ụka na Ireland kwesịrị ịgbaso omenala nke ya n'asụsụ, akwụkwọ, na uwe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hyde |first1=Douglas |title=The necessity for de-anglicizing the Irish nation |url=http://www.gaeilge.org/deanglicising.html |website=gaeilge.org |access-date=11 January 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806042847/http://www.gaeilge.org/deanglicising.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Na afọ 1893, o nyere aka guzobe Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League) iji gbaa ume ka e chekwaa omenala, egwu, ịgba egwu na asụsụ ndị Ireland. Ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị Republic of Irish (gụnyere [[Patrick Pearse | Pádraig Pearse]], [[Éamon de Valera]], [[Michael Collins (onye isi Irish) | Michael Collins]] na [[Ernest Blythe]]), ghọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na itinye aka ha na Conradh na Gaeilge. Hyde dejupụtara fọm ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1911 n'asụsụ Irish.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000186386/ |title=Census of Ireland 1911 - de hÍde |publisher=National Archives of Ireland |access-date=8 December 2007 |archive-date=12 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512142420/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000186386/ |url-status=dead |accessdate=19 March 2026 |archivedate=12 May 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512142420/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000186386/ }}</ref> N'ịbụ onye na-enweghi ahụ iru ala maka mmụba nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mmegharị ahụ, Hyde gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa onyeisiala na 1915. Onye sọ wee guzobe otu League ahụ [[Eoin MacNeill]] nọchiri ya.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ryan |first=John |date=December 1945 |title=Eoin Mac Neill 1867–1945 |journal=Irish Province of the Society of Jesus |volume=34 |issue=136 |pages=433–448|jstor=30100064}}, pp. 439–40</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Grote |first=Georg |title=Torn Between Politics and Culture: the Gaelic League, 1893–1993 |location=Münster |publisher=Waxman |year=1994 |page=120 |isbn=3-89325-243-6}}</ref> ==Sinetọ== [[File:Douglas Hyde 2.jpg|thumb|200px|Hyde, ihe dị ka afọ 1917]] Hyde enweghị njikọ ọ bụla na [[Sinn Féin]] na mmegharị nnwere onwe. A họpụtara ya na [[Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)|Seanad Éireann]], ụlọ elu nke [[Irish Free State]] nke [[Oireachtas nke Irish Free State|Oireachtas]] (parliament), na ntuli aka ime obodo na 4 Febụwarị 1925, wee dochie Sir [[Hutcheson Poë]].<ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Douglas-Hyde.S.1925-02-04/ |title=Douglas Hyde |work=Oireachtas Members Database |access-date=10 January 2013 |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107225105/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Douglas-Hyde.S.1925-02-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> N'ime ntuli aka [[1925 Seanad]], Hyde tinyere nke iri abụọ na asatọ n'ime mmadụ iri asaa na asatọ ahụ, ebe oche iri na itoolu dị. Ndị [[Ndị Katọlik Eziokwu Society]] megidere ya maka [[Ndị Protestant]] ya ma kpọsaa na ọ kwadoro ịgba alụkwaghịm. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ekwuola na mkpọsa CTS abaghị uru,<ref name="sullivan1940">{{cite book |last=O'Sullivan |first=Donal |title=The Irish Free State and its Senate: A Study in Contemporary Politics |publisher=[[Faber & Faber]] |location=London |year=1940 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115100/page/155 |pages=155–156 }}</ref> nakwa na ndị na-akwado asụsụ Irish emeghị nke ọma, ebe ndị niile Gaelic League kwadoro meriri.<ref name="sullivan1940"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=Ireland's Unique Electoral Experiment: The Senate Election of 1925 |doi=10.1080/07907180500359327 |first=John |last=Coakley |journal=Irish Political Studies |date=September 2005 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=231–269|s2cid=145175747 }}</ref> Ọ laghachiri n'agụmakwụkwọ dịka Prọfesọ nke Irish na [[University College Dublin]], ebe otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ọdịnihu [[Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Ireland]], [[Onyeisi Ọkaikpe nke Ireland]] na [[Onyeisiala nke Ireland]], [[Cearbhal Ó Dálaigh]]. ==Onyeisiala mba Ireland== ===Nhọpụta=== {{main|Ntuli aka onyeisiala mba Ireland nke afọ 1938}} N'April 1938, ka ọ dị ugbu a lara ezumike nká na agụmakwụkwọ, [[Taoiseach]] [[Éamon de Valera]] napụrụ Hyde na ezumike nka ma họpụta ya ọzọ [[Seanad Éireann]]. Ọzọkwa, oge ọrụ ya dị mkpụmkpụ, ọbụna dị mkpụmkpụ karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ; agbanyeghị, oge a ọ bụ n'ihi na a họpụtara Hyde, mgbe mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti ndị otu pati gasịrị—na-eso aro mbụ nke [[Fine Gael]]—ka ọ bụrụ Onyeisiala mbụ nke Ireland, nke a họpụtara ya n'ọkwa na-enweghị onye mmegide. A họpụtara ya maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya: *Ma Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, na onye ndu nke mmegide, [[W. T. Cosgrave]], masịrị ya. *Ha abụọ chọrọ ka Onyeisiala nwere ugwu zuru ụwa ọnụ nye ọkwa ọhụrụ ahụ ntụkwasị obi, ọkachasị ebe ọ bụ na Iwu ọhụrụ nke afọ 1937 [[Onyeisi mba Ireland site na 1922 ruo 1949|mere ka ọ doo anya]] ma ọ bụ Onyeisiala maọbụ [[Ọchịchị nke United Kingdom|eze Britain]] bụ onyeisiala gọọmentị. *Ha abụọ chọrọ iwepụ ihere ahụ mere mgbe Hyde tụfuru oche Sineti ya na 1925. *Ha abụọ chọrọ Onyeisiala ga-egosi na ọ dịghị ihe egwu na onye ga-ejide ọkwa ahụ ga-aghọ onye ọchịchị aka ike, egwu zuru ebe niile mgbe a na-atụle iwu ọhụrụ na 1937. *Ha abụọ chọrọ ịsọpụrụ ọrụ Hyde rụrụ n'ịkwalite asụsụ Irish. *Ha abụọ chọrọ ịhọrọ onye na-abụghị onye Katọlik iji gosi na Steeti ahụ bụ "[[steeti nkwupụta nzuzo]]", ọ bụ ezie na na 11 Mee 1937 [[Seán MacEntee]], Minista ego Fianna Fáil, kọwara Iwu nke 1937 na [[Dáil Éireann]] dị ka "Iwu nke Ọchịchị Katọlik".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-11/29|title=Bunreacht na hEireann (Dréacht)—Dara Céim|journal=Dáil Debates|volume=67|issue=1|date=11 May 1937|publisher=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517064207/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-11/29/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Mmalite=== [[File:Douglas Hyde inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|Douglas Hyde (n'azụ ụgbọala nke ji okpu elu), na-ahapụ [[Ụlọ Elu Dublin]] na ndị agha ịnyịnya mgbe e mechara echichi ya.]] E hiwere Hyde dịka Onyeisiala mbụ nke Ireland, na 26 Juun 1938. ''[[The Irish Times]]'' kọrọ ya dịka ndị a: '''N'ụtụtụ [Dr Hyde] gara emume n'ime [[Katidral St Patrick, Dublin|Katidral St. Patrick]] nke [[Achịbishọp nke Dublin]] na-edu, Dr. [[John Gregg (achịbishọp nke Armagh)|Gregg]]. Maazị de Valera na ndị ọrụ ibe ya gara emume emume Votive Mass dị nsọ na Katidral Pro-Cathedral, e nwekwara emume n'ụlọ ụka Presbyterian na Methodist bụ́ isi, tinyekwara n'ụlọ nzukọ ndị Juu. E tinyere Dr. Hyde n'ọkwa dị elu n'Ụlọ Elu Dublin, ebe Onyeisi Ikpe nyefere akara ọkwa ahụ. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 bịara, gụnyere ndị isi nke ndị ọkaikpe na ndị isi nke Chọọchị. Mgbe emume ahụ gasịrị, Onyeisiala Hyde ji ụgbọala na-aga n'usoro n'okporo ámá ndị e ji ọkọlọtọ kpụọ. Njem ahụ kwụsịrị ruo nkeji abụọ n'èzí [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Ozi Izugbe]] iji sọpụrụ ndị ikom ahụ nwụrụ n'oge nnupụisi Izu Ista nke afọ 1916. Ọtụtụ mmadụ gbakọtara n'okporo ámá site na Castle ruo Vice-Regal Lodge, a nabatakwara Onyeisiala ahụ nke ọma site n'iti mkpu ọṅụ. O yi uwe ụtụtụ, mana Maazị de Valera na Maazị [[Sean T. O'Kelly]], bụ́ ndị so Dr. Hyde n'ụgbọala ọzọ, yi uwe ojii nwere okpu e ji aka mee. '''N'uhuruchi, e nwere emume na [[Ụlọ Elu Dublin]] nke na-enweghị ihe atụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Ireland. Maazị na Oriakụ de Valera nabatara ihe dị ka ndị ọbịa 1,500 n'oriri e mere iji sọpụrụ Onyeisiala. E mere emume oriri ahụ n'Ụlọ Nzukọ St. Patrick, ebe a ka na-akwụnye ọkọlọtọ nke ndị Knights of St. Patrick. Ndị bịara ya gụnyere ndị otu Dáil na Sineti niile tinyere ụmụ nwanyị ha, ndị otu ikpe na ndị isi ọrụ obodo, Dr. [[Paschal Robinson]], onye nnọchiteanya Pope n'isi ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọtụtụ ndị Bishọp Katọlik nke Roman, [[Primate nke Ireland niile]], Achịbishọp nke Dublin, [[Bishọp nke Killaloe]], ndị isi nke ọgbakọ Presbyterian na Metọdist, Onyeisi na osote onyeisi nke Trinity College, na onyeisi nke Mahadum Mba. Ọ bụ mmemme kachasị mma emere na Dublin kemgbe e guzobere usoro ọhụrụ a na Ireland, a pụkwara iwere nzukọ ahụ, dịka o si mee n'echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Éire [Ireland], dị ka obere ihe dị na Ireland ọhụrụ.<ref>''The Irish Times'', 27 June 1938.</ref>''' Hyde setịpụrụ ihe nlereanya site n'ịgụ Nkwupụta Ọkwa Onyeisiala n'asụsụ Irish. Okwu ya, nke e dere n'asụsụ Roscommon Irish, bụ otu n'ime ndekọ ole na ole nke olumba nke Hyde so n'ime ndị ikpeazụ kwuru okwu ya. Mgbe e webatara ya, ọ kwagara n'ụlọ ezumike Viceregal nke nwere ohere ogologo oge na [[Phoenix Park]], ebe a maara dị ka [[Áras an Uachtaráin]]. Nhọpụta na nhọpụta Hyde dọtara mmasị ndị mgbasa ozi n'ụwa niile, akwụkwọ akụkọ dị na Ọstrelia, Niu Ziland, Saụt Afrịka, Ajentina, na ọbụna Ijipt kpuchiri ya.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Brian |title=Hyde, Hitler and why our first president fascinated press around the world |url=https://www.independent.ie/opinion/hyde-hitler-and-why-our-first-president-fascinated-press-around-the-world/35094635.html |work=[[Irish Independent]] |date=1 October 2016}}</ref> Hitler "nyere" akwụkwọ akụkọ Berlin iwu ka ha "gbaa mbọ" gosi pụta emume echichi onyeisiala Ireland.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Agbanyeghị, gọọmentị Britain leghaara ihe omume ahụ anya.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Minista ego nke Northern Ireland, [[J. M. Andrews]], kọwara nhọpụta Hyde dị ka "ihe na-adịghị mma gbasara Eze" na "ọdachi dị njọ".<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ===Onyeisiala=== N'agbanyeghị na e tinyere ya n'ọnọdụ ịhazi ọkwa onyeisiala site na mbido, Hyde họọrọ ịkọwa ọkwa ahụ n'ụzọ dị jụụ, nke a na-echekwa echiche nke ọma. Afọ na ahụike ya mere ka o nwee ike ịhazi oge izu ike n'ụbọchị ya niile, enweghị ahụmịhe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka ọ na-agbaso ndị ndụmọdụ ya n'okwu gbasara amụma na ikike ikpebiri onwe ya ihe, karịsịa nye odeakwụkwọ ya, Michael McDunphy. Na 13 Nọvemba 1938, ọnwa ole na ole ka e chiri Hyde, Hyde gara egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa n'etiti Ireland na [[Poland]] na [[Dalymount Park]] na Dublin. A hụrụ nke a dị ka mmebi iwu [[Gaelic Athletic Association|GAA]] machibidoro 'egwuregwu mba ofesi', e mesịakwa chụpụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado GAA, nsọpụrụ o nwere kemgbe 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinspress.ie/the-gaa-v-douglas-hyde.html|title=The GAA v Douglas Hyde|author=Cormac Moore|publisher=Collins Press|access-date=10 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010131753/http://www.collinspress.ie/the-gaa-v-douglas-hyde.html|archive-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|accessdate=19 March 2026|archivedate=10 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010131753/http://www.collinspress.ie/the-gaa-v-douglas-hyde.html}}</ref> Mgbe ọrịa strok gbasịrị ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1940, e mere atụmatụ maka ịla ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na olili ozu steeti. Agbanyeghị, Hyde dị ndụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ma na-eji oche nkwagharị.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Douglas Hyde: The Unlikely First President of Ireland |url=https://www.ireland-information.com/articles/douglashyde.htm |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=ireland-information.com}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ Onyeisiala mba Ireland bụ ihe emume, Onyeisiala nwere ikike n'okpuru [[Iwu Ireland]] ịjụ inye iwu ka a gbanyụọ Dáil ebe ndị Taoiseach akwụsịla ijigide nkwado nke ọtụtụ ndị Dáil. Onyeisiala bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka iwu obodo, o nwekwara ike ibuga iwu ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu tupu ọ bịanye aka na ya. Na 31 Julaị 1943, ndị ọrụ ozi Ireland wepụtara stampụ ozi ọnụ ahịa ya bụ ½ na 2½ pence nwere foto Hyde iji cheta afọ iri ise nke [[Gaelic League]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Postage Stamps of Ireland: 70 years 1922 ~ 1992 | date = 1992 | publisher = [[An Post]] | location = Dublin | page = 36 | isbn = 1-872228-13-5 }}</ref> Hyde na gọọmentị chere ihu ihe ịma aka nke otu esi eme ntuli aka n'oge nsogbu mba, dịka [[Dáil nke iri]] kwesịrị ịgwụ na 1943, nke chọrọ ka a gbapụ ya ma mee ntuli aka izugbe. Iwu na iwu ntuli aka chọrọ ka a gbazee Dáil tupu mkpọsa ntuli aka ahụ, nwere oghere dị n'etiti izu anọ ruo isii n'etiti mgbasa nke Dáil na-apụ apụ na nzukọ mbụ nke Dáil ọhụrụ. Ịtụ egwu oghere a nwere ike ime ka mwakpo dị mfe n'oge [[Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], n'ime oge a enweghị ike ịkpọ ndị omeiwu ka ọ mee ihe, gọọmentị buru ụzọ nwaa ịzere ịme ntuli aka site na ịgbatị oge Dáil ruo afọ isii (okwu Dáil kachasị n'okpuru iwu bụ afọ 7, mana e debere ya (ma debe ya) n'ime afọ ise n'iwu). Gọọmentị hapụrụ nke a n'ihi enweghị nkwado sitere n'aka ndị mmegide. Kama nke ahụ, Oireachtas gafere ya [https://web.archive.org/web/20051205033004/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA11Y1943.html Iwu Ntuli Aka Izugbe (Ike Mberede) nke 1943] n'okpuru ihe mberede nke Isiokwu 28.3.3°. Nke a mere ka a kpọọ ntuli aka iche na nkewa, ebe a na-agbaze Dáil naanị tupu Dáil ọhụrụ akpọkọta. Nke a mere ka oghere dị n'etiti Dála dị oke mkpụmkpụ nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ime mkpebi dị mkpa. Dịka Iwu ahụ si dị, Onyeisiala nwere ike "ịjụ ịkpọsa ntuli aka izugbe site na ndụmọdụ nke onye Taoiseach nke kwụsịrị ijigide nkwado nke ọtụtụ mmadụ na Dáil Éireann". Hyde zutere nsogbu n'afọ 1944 mgbe ọchịchị de Valera dara ada na mberede na ntuli aka na Iwu Ụgbọ njem. Hyde nwere nhọrọ ịjụ ịkpọsa ntuli aka ahụ mana, mgbe ya na onye ndụmọdụ ya dị elu bụ Michael McDunphy tụlechara ya, o kwetara na ya. Hyde jiri ikike ya mee ihe ugboro abụọ n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 26 nke Iwu, mgbe ọ gara na [[Kọsụl nke Steeti (Ireland)|Kọsụl nke Steeti]], iji ziga Iwu ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke Iwu ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, maka mkpebi ụlọ ikpe gbasara ma Iwu ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya e kwuru okwu ya bụ ihe na-emegide Iwu (ka e wee ghara ịbanye na Iwu ahụ). N'oge mbụ, ụlọ ikpe ahụ kpebiri na Iwu ahụ e zoro aka na ya - Mpụ Megide Ọchịchị (Mgbanwe) Iwu 1940 - abụghị ihe megidere Iwu.<ref>''Re Article 26 of the Constitution and the Offences Against the State (Amendment) Bill, 1940'' [1940] I.R. 470.</ref> N'ịzaghachi na ntụaka nke abụọ, Ụlọikpe ahụ kpebiri na ndokwa ahụ e zoro aka na ya - nkebi nke 4 nke Iwu Ịbịa Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke 1942 - bụ ihe na-emegide Iwu.<ref>''Re Article 26 of the Constitution and the School Attendance Bill, 1942'' [1943] I.R. 334.</ref> N'ihi Isiokwu nke 34.3.3° nke Iwu ahụ, nrubeisi iwu nke Iwu Mpụ Megide Ọchịchị (Mgbanwe) nke 1940<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1940/en/act/pub/0002/index.html|title=Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act, 1940|work=[[Irish Statute Book]]|access-date=10 January 2013|archive-date=8 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008005521/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1940/en/act/pub/0002/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> enweghị ike ịgbagha ya n'ụlọ ikpe ọ bụla, ebe ọ bụ na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu chọpụtara na Iwu ahụ nke ghọrọ Iwu ahụ abụghị ihe arụ n'ihe gbasara ntụaka nke Isiokwu 26.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheahan |first1=Fionnán |title=Higgins admits he's reluctant to close off legal challenges to bills by public |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/higgins-admits-hes-reluctant-to-close-off-legal-challenges-to-bills-by-public/29654178.html |access-date=27 October 2025 |work=Irish Independent |date=12 October 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref>''Re Article 26 of the Constitution and the Offences Against the State (Amendment) Bill, 1940'' [1940] I.R. 470.</ref> Otu n'ime ihe Hyde mere n'oge ikpeazụ ọ gara n'ọchịchị bụ nleta ọ gara n'ụlọ nnọchiteanya Germany [[Eduard Hempel]], na 3 Mee 1945, iji gosi mwute ya maka [[ọnwụ Adolf Hitler]]. Nleta ahụ ka bụ ihe nzuzo ruo afọ 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/hyde-and-de-valera-offered-condolences-on-hitlers-death-228426.html|title=Hyde (and de Valera) offered condolences on Hitler's death|work=[[Irish Independent]]|date=31 December 2005|access-date=6 November 2010|archive-date=24 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024195100/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/hyde-and-de-valera-offered-condolences-on-hitlers-death-228426.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ezumike nká na ọnwụ== Hyde hapụrụ ọkwa ya na 25 Juun 1945, wee họrọ ịghara ịhọpụta onwe ya maka oge nke abụọ. N'ihi ọrịa ya, ọ lọtaghị n'ụlọ ya Roscommon, 'Ratra', tọgbọ chakoo kemgbe nwunye ya nwụrụ n'oge mbido ọchịchị ya. Ọ kwagara n'ebe obibi mbụ nke Odeakwụkwọ nke Lord Lieutenant, na ala nke Áras an Uachtaráin, nke o tinyere aha ya dịka ''[[Little Ratra]]'', ebe ọ biri afọ anọ fọdụrụ n'ime ndụ ya. Ọ nwụrụ n'elekere iri nke abalị na 12 Julaị 1949, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu.<ref>Announcement of death, ''The Irish Times'', 13 July 1949</ref> ==Olili ozu steeti== [[File:Douglas Hyde St Patrick's Cathedral Dublin 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Ncheta nye Douglas Hyde na [[Katidral St. Patrick, Dublin]]] ]] Dịka onye bụbu Onyeisiala Ireland, e nyere Hyde [[Ndepụta nke olili ozu steeti Ireland|olili ozu steeti]]. Ebe ọ bụ onye otu [[Church of Ireland]], emume olili ozu ya mere na Chọọchị Ireland nke Dublin [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St. Patrick's Cathedral]]. Agbanyeghị, iwu nke oge a nke [[Ụlọ Nzukọ Katọlik nke Rom na Ireland]] machibidoro ndị otu ya ịga emume n'ụlọ ụka ndị na-abụghị nke Katọlik. N'ihi ya, mmadụ niile nọ na kabinet Katọlik, [[Noël Browne]], nọgidere n'èzí ogige katidral ahụ mgbe a na-eme emume olili ozu ahụ. Ha sonyeere ndị otu ahụ mgbe igbe ozu ya si n'ụlọ nzukọ ahụ pụọ. Éamon de Valera, ugbu a [[Onyeisi nke Ndị Mmegide (Ireland)|Onyeisi nke Ndị Mmegide]], abịaghịkwa. Kama, otu onye agadi [[Fianna Fáil]] onye otu Chọọchị Ireland nọchitere anya ya, [[Erskine Hamilton Childers|Erskine H. Childers]], onye ga-abụ Onyeisiala mba Ireland n'onwe ya. E liri Hyde na Frenchpark, County Roscommon na Portahard Church, (ebe o biri ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata) n'akụkụ nwunye ya bụ Lucy, ada ya bụ Nuala, nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Annette, nne ya bụ Elizabeth, na nna ya bụ Arthur. ==Na ebe nchekwa== {|class="wikitable" !Aha !Ọnọdụ !Ihe ndetu |- |Gaelscoil de hÍde |[[Roscommon]] |N'afọ 2000, e hiwere Gaelscoil de hÍde na obodo Roscommon. Ugbu a, ụmụ akwụkwọ 120 na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. |- |Gaelscoil de hÍde |[[Oranmore]], [[County Galway]] |E hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị nke na-asụ asụsụ Irish n'afọ 1994 na Oranmore, County Galway. |- |Gaelscoil de hÍde |[[Fermoy]], [[County Cork]] |Gaelscoil de HÍde bụ naanị Gaelscoil na Fermoy, County Cork ma nabata ụmụ akwụkwọ 332 ugbu a. |- |Coláiste an Chraoibhín |Fermoy, County Cork |E hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị a n'afọ 1987, aha ya sitere n'aha Hyde. Ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-elepụ anya n'ala nna nna nke ezinụlọ Hyde nke bụ Castlehyde. E nwere ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 900 n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. |- |Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Hyde |{{nowrap|[[Frenchpark]], [[County Roscommon]]}} |Ụlọụka ochie nke nna ya bụzi ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie raara nye igosi ihe ncheta gbasara Douglas Hyde. |- |Coláiste de hÍde |[[Tallaght]], Dublin |Coláiste de hÍde, E hiwere ụlọ akwụkwọ [[Gaelcholáiste]] (ụlọ akwụkwọ nke abụọ nke Ireland niile) na 1993 na [[Tallaght]], [[South Dublin]] iji sọpụrụ ya. |- |[[Dr. Hyde Park]] |Roscommon |Dr. Hyde Park bụ ebe obibi nke [[Roscommon GAA]]. E meghere ya na 1969, o nwere ike ịnweta mmadụ 25,000. Ọ na-akwado ọtụtụ egwuregwu asọmpi n'ihi ọnọdụ Roscommon dị na mpaghara ya. |- |{{nowrap|[[Douglas Hyde Gallery]]}} |[[Dublin]] |Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Douglas Hyde dị na [[Trinity College Dublin]]. E meghere ya na 1978, ọ bụkwa ebe a na-egosi ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nka nke oge a. |} ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{commons}} {{Wikiquote}} *[http://www.president.ie/past_presidents/douglas-hyde/ Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721131340/http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?MemberFirstName=&MemberName=Hyde&disp=src Oireachtas Members Database – Profile] *Dunleavy, Janet Egleson and Gareth W. Dunleavy. ''Douglas Hyde: A Maker of Modern Ireland''. Berkeley et al.: Univ. of California Press, 1991. [http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft2w1004tq;brand=eschol Available from eScholarship]. *Hyde, Douglas. ''The Love Songs of Connacht: Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht''. Dundrum, Ireland: Dun Emer Press, 1904. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5Sfbm38dfy8C;brand=google Available from Google Books]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Hyde, Douglas}} [[Category: Ndị nwụrụ anwụ]] q7ffob1c4nbkmb56ugnni9np4j094up 0 73897 743873 706429 2026-11-08T07:24:05Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth nke Mbụ''' (7 Septemba 1533){{Spnd}} 24 Maachị 1603) bụ Eze Nwanyị nke [[:en:England|England]] na [[Ireland]] site na 17 Nọvemba 1558 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1603. Ọ bụ eze ikpeazụ na eze kachasị ogologo n'ọchịchị n'Ụlọ [[:en:House_of_Tudor|Tudor]]. Ọchịchị ya nke jupụtara n'ihe omume, na mmetụta ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala, mere ka oge Elizabeth bụrụ aha. ==Ndụ ya== A mụrụ Elizabeth na 7 Septemba 1533 na [[London]], ọ bụ naanị nwa dị ndụ nke {{ill|Henry VIII|en}} na nwunye ya nke abụọ, {{ill|Anne Boleyn|en}}. Mgbe Elizabeth dị afọ abụọ, a kagburu alụmdi na nwunye nke nne na nna ya, e gbuo nne ya, ma kwuo na Elizabeth bụ onye iwu na-akwadoghị. Henry weghachiri ya n'usoro nke ịnọchi ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10. Mgbe Henry nwụsịrị na 1547, nwa nwanne Elizabeth nke nta bụ [[:en:Edward VI|Edward VI]] chịrị ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1553, na-enye nwa nwanne nna ya okpueze, [[:en:Lady Jane Grey|Lady Jane Grey]], na ileghara nkwupụta nke ndị nne ya abụọ na Elizabeth. E wepụrụ uche Edward ngwa ngwa na [[Katọlik]] Mary ghọrọ eze nwanyị, wepụrụ Jane. N’oge ọchịchị Meri, a tụrụ Elizabeth mkpọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu afọ n’ihi ebubo na ọ na-akwado ndị nnupụisi [[:en:Protestant|Protestant]]. Mgbe Mary nwụrụ na 1558, Elizabeth nọchiri anya ocheeze ma malite iji ezi ndụmọdụ chịa. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ o mere dị ka eze nwanyị bụ nguzobe ụlọ ụka Bekee, nke ọ ghọrọ onye ọchịchị kacha elu. Nhazi a, ga-abanye na [[:en:Church of England|Chọọchị England]]. A tụrụ anya na Elizabeth ga-alụ di ma mụọ onye nketa; Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ mere. N'ihi nke a, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ ya "Virgin Queen". Ọ bụ nwa nwanne nna ya mbụ, James VI nke Scotland, nọchiri ya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Tudor {{!}} History, Monarchs, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Tudor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824093815/https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Tudor |archive-date=24 August 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> == Banyere ọchịchị ya na gọọmentị== Elizabeth na-emeru ihe n'ókè karịa nna ya na ụmụnne ya. N'okpukpe, ọ na-anabatakarị ya ma zere mkpagbu a na-akpagbu ya. Mgbe popu kwuchara na ya akwadoghị iwu n’afọ 1570, bụ́ nke n’echiche tọhapụrụ ndị Katọlik Bekee site n’ikwenye ya, ọtụtụ nkata gbara ndụ ya egwu, nke e meriri ha nile site n’enyemaka nzuzo nke ndị ozi ya, nke Francis Walsingham na-achị.<ref>[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/elizabeth-monarchy/elizabeths-first-speech Elizabeth's first speech], [[Hatfield House]], 20 November 1558, {{Harvp|Loades|2003|p=35}}</ref> Elizabeth na-akpachapụ anya n'ihe gbasara mba ofesi, na-atụgharị n'etiti ndị isi ike nke [[France]] na [[Spain]]. O ji obi ya niile kwado ọtụtụ mkpọsa agha na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na [[Netherlands]], France, na Ireland. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti 1580s, England enweghịzi ike izere agha na Spain.<ref name="Seth Sanders">{{Cite news |last=Sanders |first=Seth |date=10 October 2002 |title=Book of translations reveals intellectualism of England's powerful Queen Elizabeth I |url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/021010/elizabeth.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228063115/http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/021010/elizabeth.shtml |archive-date=28 December 2019 |access-date=9 January 2020 |publisher=University of Chicago Chronicle}}</ref> Ka ọ na-etolite, Elizabeth ghọrọ ememe maka ya [[:en:virginity|na-amaghị nwoke]]. Omenala nke mmadụ tolitere gburugburu ya bụ nke a na-eme na eserese, eserese, na akwụkwọ nke ụbọchị ahụ. Oge Elizabethan bụ onye ama ama maka ihe nkiri bekee na-eme nke ọma, nke ndị na-ede egwuregwu dị ka [[William Shakespeare]] na-eduzi, ike nke ndị na-eme njem ụgbọ mmiri Bekee dị ka {{ill|Francis Drake|en}} na {{ill|Walter Raleigh|en}}, na maka mmeri nke {{ill|Spanish Armada|en}}. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke ọchịchị ya, ọtụtụ nsogbu akụ na ụba na nke agha mere ka ọ daa mbà. Mgbe ọchịchị dị mkpirikpi, nke jọgburu onwe ya nke ụmụnne ya, afọ 44 ọ nọkwasịrị n'ocheeze nyere nkwụsi ike maka alaeze ahụ ma nyere aka mepụta echiche nke mba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cramsie |first=John |date=June 2003 |title=The Changing Reputations of Elizabeth I and James VI & I |url=http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/334 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023195747/https://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/334 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |access-date=19 July 2017 |work=Reviews in History |type=review no. 334}}</ref> ==Ọnwụ ya== Site na mmalite nke ọchịchị Elizabeth, a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-alụ dị. Ọ bụ ezie na e nyere ya ọtụtụ onyinye, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ lụrụ di ma ọ bụ na ọ mụtaghị nwa wee si otú ahụ nwụọ n'enweghị onye nketa. Ọ tụlere ọtụtụ ndị na-achọ ịlụ ruo mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ 50.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warnicke |first=Retha |date=September 2010 |title=Why Elizabeth I Never Married |journal=History Review |issue=67 |pages=15–20}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 24 Maachị 1603, ọ dị afọ 69 maka ọtụtụ ọrịria.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Lee (historian) |url=https://archive.org/details/1603deathofqueen0000leec/page |title=1603: The Death of Queen Elizabeth, the Return of the Black Plague, the Rise of Shakespeare, Piracy, Witchcraft and the Birth of the Stuart Era |date=2004 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-3123-2139-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/1603deathofqueen0000leec/page viii]}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} * {{Citation |last=Adams |first=Simon |title=Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics |date=2002 |place=Manchester |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-5325-2}} * {{Citation |last=Black |first=J. B. |title=The Reign of Elizabeth: 1558–1603 |date=1945 |orig-date=1936 |place=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon |oclc=5077207}} * {{Cite book |last=Camden |first=William |title=History of the Most Renowned and Victorious Princess Elizabeth |publisher=University of Chicago Press |editor-last=MacCaffrey |editor-first=Wallace T. |edition=1970 |location=Chicago |oclc=59210072}}; * {{Cite book |last=Beem |first=Charles |title=The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I |url=https://archive.org/details/foreignrelations0000unse_c2g6 |date=2011 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-2301-1214-8 |ol=25553298M}} * [[Tracy Borman|Borman, Tracy]]. ''The Stolen Crown: Treachery, Deceit, and the Death of the Tudor Dynasty''. Atlantic Monthly Press 2025. {{ISBN|978-0802-165909}} * {{Cite book |last=Bridgen |first=Susan |title=New Worlds, Lost Worlds: The Rule of the Tudors, 1485–1603 |url=https://archive.org/details/newworldslostwor0000brig_v9m2 |date=2001 |publisher=[[Viking Penguin]] |isbn=978-0-6708-9985-2 |location=New York}} * {{Citation |last=Doran |first=Susan |title=The Queen's Suitors and the Problem of the Succession |date=2003}} in {{Harvp|Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum|2003}} * {{Cite book |last=Dunn |first=Jane |title=Elizabeth and Mary: Cousins, Rivals, Queens |date=2003 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-3757-0820-0 |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Hodges |first=J. P. |title=The Nature of the Lion: Elizabeth I and Our Anglican Heritage |url=https://archive.org/details/natureoflioneliz0000jpho |date=1962 |publisher=Faith Press |location=London}} ev7x7qr3kcy8v7r5oriejqz9eun90m3 0 73958 743819 631896 2026-11-07T18:00:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ezinụlọ asụsụ ogbi}} '''Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Britain, Australia na New Zealand''' ('''BANZSL''', <ref name="becauselanguage">{{cite web|url=https://becauselanguage.com/102-signed-language-mailbag/|title=102: Signed Language Mailbag (with Adam Schembri, Christy Filipich, and Mark Ellison)|work=Because Language|date=27 July 2024|access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref>), ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ '''Asụsụ Ogbi nke Britain (BSL)''', bụ [[ezinụlọ asụsụ]] ma ọ bụ otu nke nwere [[asụsụ ogbi]] atọ metụtara: [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Britain]], [[Auslan]] na [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke New Zealand]] (NZSL). Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ [[Trevor Johnston]] na Adam Schembri chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ ''BANZSL'' n'ụzọ na-abụghị nke ha na mmalite afọ 2000.<ref>Johnston, T. (2002). BSL, Auslan and NZSL: Three sign languages or one? In A. Baker, B. van den Bogaerde & O. Crasborn (Eds.), "Cross-linguistic perspectives in sign language research: Selected papers from TISLR 2000" (pp. 47-69). Hamburg: Signum Verlag.</ref> Agbanyeghị, na 2024, Schembri kwuru na akụkọ Wikipedia gbasara BANZSL amalitela ịkọwa ya na nkọwa doro anya ma ọ bụ nke ikike nke "asụsụ nke asụsụ BSL nke oge a na asụsụ ndị ogbi Auslan na New Zealand si malite", ihe ọ pụtara bụ na "obidoro ndụ nke aka ya ihe anyị na-ebughị n'obi".<ref name="becauselanguage"/> N'ihi ya, Schembri kwuru na ya na Johnston ajụla okwu ahụ n'ihi mkpesa sitere n'aka ndị obodo ntị chiri, nchegbu na ọ na-anọchi aha nke asụsụ atọ ahụ.<ref name="becauselanguage"/> BSL, Auslan na NZSL niile sitere na asụsụ ndị ogbi nke e ji mee ihe na Britain n'oge narị afọ nke 19. Asụsụ atọ a na-ekwu okwu ha nwere njikọ n'otú ha si eji otu ụdị ụtọasụsụ ahụ, [[Aha abụọ e ji aka dee |Aha abụọ e ji aka dee]], na oke dị elu nke okwu (akara) na-ejikọta ọnụ. [[Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Amerịka]] na ụdị BANZSL abụghị otu asụsụ. Agbanyeghị, okwu ka nwere nnukwu ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, ikekwe n'ihi na ndị bịanyere aka n'ụdị BANZSL atọ niile gbaziri akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-akatọ akwụkwọ na-eto eto amaghị ihe ndị bụ ihe ndị e bubatara ọhụrụ. N'etiti Auslan, BSL na NZSL, 82% nke akara ndị ahụ yiri ibe ha (kwa [[Ndepụta Swadesh]]). Mgbe a na-atụle ihe ịrịba ama yiri ya na nke yiri ya ma ọ bụ nke yiri ya, e nwere ihe ịrịba ama [[cognate]] 98% n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ya, ASL na BANZSL nwere naanị 31% ihe ịrịba ama ndị ahụ yiri nke ahụ, ma ọ bụ 44% jikọtara ọnụ. A ga-enweta ozi ndị ọzọ mgbe emechara BSL corpus,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://bslcorpusproject.org.temp.link/ |website=BSL Corpus Project}}</ref> allows for comparison with the Auslan corpus,<ref>[http://www.auslan.org.au/about/corpus/ Auslan corpus]</ref> na ọrụ Asụsụ Ogbi nke New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies &#124; Victoria University of Wellington |url=http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/research/deafstudies/DSRU%20site/NZSL%20variation/variation%20project.aspx |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224104404/http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/research/deafstudies/DSRU%20site/NZSL%20variation/variation%20project.aspx |archive-date=24 December 2008 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> A ka na-enwe mkparịta ụka asụsụ n'etiti BSL, Auslan na NZSL site na mbugharị (ndị ntị chiri na ndị ntụgharị okwu), mgbasa ozi (a na-edekọ ma na-ekesa mmemme telivishọn dịka See Hear, Switch, Rush na SignPost n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi na mba atọ niile) na ogbako (na 1999, ọtụtụ ndị Britain ntị chiri gara Australia maka World Federation of the Deaf Conference, WFD, na Brisbane). Dịka [[Henri Wittmann]] (1991) si kwuo, [[Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Sweden]] sikwa na BSL pụta. Site na asụsụ Swedish SL [[Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Portuguese]] na [[Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Finnish]] malitere, nke ikpeazụ nwere ngwakọta mpaghara; [[Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Danish]] nwere nghọta dị ukwuu na asụsụ Swedish SL, mana Wittmann tinyere ya na [[Ezinụlọ Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke French]]. Anderson (1979) kama, tụrụ aro na [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Sweden|Akara Sweden]], [[Asụsụ Ihe Ogbi nke German|Ihe Ogbi nke German]] na [[Asụsụ Ihe Ogbi nke Britain|Ihe Ogbi nke Britain]] nwere otu mmalite n'asụsụ ihe ogbi nke "North-West Europe".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lucas |first=Ceil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxpuT_s8AkEC&q=Swedish&pg=PA6 |title=The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages |date=2001-10-04 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79474-9 |language=en}}</ref> ==Asụsụ== {{tree list}} *BSL (akara akaebe sitere na 1644 nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ BSL), ya na ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ 151,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bda.org.uk/bsl-statistics|title=British Sign Language (BSL) Statistics}}</ref> **Australian SL (1860. ASL na mmetụta [[Asụsụ Ogbi Irish|ISL]]), yana ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ 10,000<ref name="Australian Bureau of Statistics">{{cite web|url= http://www.vicdeaf.com.au/files/editor_upload/File/Research%20Reports/The%20distribution%20of%20Victorian%20sign%20language%20users.pdf|title= The distribution of Victorian sign language users|access-date= 12 March 2016|author= Australian Bureau of Statistics|date= 2013|publisher= [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105909/http://www.vicdeaf.com.au/files/editor_upload/File/Research%20Reports/The%20distribution%20of%20Victorian%20sign%20language%20users.pdf|archive-date= 7 March 2016|df= dmy-all|accessdate= 21 March 2026|archivedate= 7 March 2016|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105909/http://www.vicdeaf.com.au/files/editor_upload/File/Research%20Reports/The%20distribution%20of%20Victorian%20sign%20language%20users.pdf}}</ref> *** Papua New Guinea Sign Language ({{circa|1990}}), nke bụ creole nke e ji Auslan mepụta, nke mmadụ 30,000 ji mee ihe<ref>[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2015-066.pdf ISO request part 1][http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2015-066_pgz.pdf ISO request part 2]</ref> **New Zealand SL (1800s), ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 na-eji ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/data-tables/total-by-topic.aspx|title=2013 Census totals by topic|website=archive.stats.govt.nz|language=en-nz|access-date=2019-05-28|archive-date=2017-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122042347/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/data-tables/total-by-topic.aspx|url-status=dead|accessdate=2026-03-21|archivedate=2017-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122042347/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/data-tables/total-by-topic.aspx}}</ref> **Northern Ireland SL (Narị afọ nke 19 - na mmetụta [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Amerịka]] na [[Asụsụ Ogbi nke Ireland]]) **South African SL (ebe dị n'etiti 1846 na 1881), nke ikekwe mmadụ 235,000 ji mee ihe **Maritime SL ({{circa| 1860}}), nwere ike ndị ọrụ 100 ka dị ugbu a<ref name=Yoel>{{cite web |last=Yoel |first=Judith |title=Canada's Maritime Sign Language |url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4896 |website=Endangered Languages |access-date=10 February 2017 |accessdate=21 March 2026 |archivedate=3 February 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203064441/https://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4896 }}</ref> **? [[Swedish Sign Language family]] (1800) *** Swedish Sign Language (1800) *** Finnish SL (1850s, with local admixture) *** Finland-Swedish SL (1850s, ụdị etiti dị n'etiti Finnish na Swedish SL) *** Eritrean Sign (1955, nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye mpaghara) *** Portuguese SL (1823) *** Cape Verdian Sign (1990s, na ngwakọta mpaghara) {{tree list/end}} ==Leekwa== * [[Old French Sign Language]] – nke dị ugbu a nke BANZSL * [[French Sign Language family]] ==Ihe ndetu== {{reflist}} ==Edensibia== * Johnston, T. (2003). ''BSL, Auslan and NZSL: Three signed languages or one?'' In A. Baker, B. van den Bogaerde & O. Crasborn (Eds.), "Cross-linguistic perspectives in sign language research: Selected papers from TISLR 2000" (pp.&nbsp;47–69). Hamburg: Signum Verlag. * McKee, D. & G. Kennedy (2000). Lexical Comparison of Signs from American, Australian, British, and New Zealand Sign Languages. In K. Emmorey and H. Lane (Eds), "The signs of language revisited: an anthology to honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima". Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. * {{cite journal |last1=Palfreyman |first1=Nick |last2=Schembri |first2=Adam |year=2022 |title=Lumping and splitting: Sign language delineation and ideologies of linguistic differentiation |journal=Journal of Sociolinguistics |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=105–112 |doi=10.1111/josl.12524 }} [[Category:BANZSL Sign Language family]] [[Category:Sign language families]] g1y1knc3kh29u2wkqq2yb4hjfvxo6av 0 74124 743798 630899 2026-11-07T12:33:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Negidal''' (a na-akpọkwa Neghidal) bụ asụsụ ezinụlọ Tungusic a na-asụ na Far East nke Russia, ọkachasị na Khabarovsk Krai, n'akụkụ ala nke Osimiri Amur . Negidal bụ nke alaka Ugwu nke Tungusic, ya na Evenki na Even . Ọ dị nso na Evenki karịsịa, ruo n'ókè nke na a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ olumba nke Evenki. == Ọkwa asụsụ == Dịka ọnụọgụgụ ndị Russia nke afọ 2002 si kwuo, e nwere ndị Negidal 567, 147 n'ime ha ka na-asụ asụsụ ahụ. Ọnụọgụgụ ndị Russia nke afọ 2010 kọrọ na ọnụọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ dị ala, naanị mmadụ 19 n'ime mmadụ 513 bụ ndị Negidal ka na-asụ asụsụ ahụ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Pakendorf|first=Brigitte|date=February 2018|title=The endangered state of Negidal: A field report|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/fe8e9993-4cd8-41af-919c-025a77a8ea5d|journal=Language Documentation and Conservation|language=en-US|issn=1934-5275}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPakendorfAralova2018">Pakendorf, Brigitte; Aralova, Natalia (February 2018). </cite></ref> Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ndị e bipụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ọhịa ahụ na-egosi na ọnọdụ asụsụ Negidal ka njọ karịa akụkọ ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ. Dịka Kalinina (2008), [ 5 ] si kwuo, onye data ya sitere na ọrụ ubi emere na 2005-2007, naanị ndị ọkà okwu atọ zuru oke fọdụrụ, yana mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ ọkara okwu. Akụkọ Pakendorf & Aralova (2018) sitere na ọrụ ubi emere na 2017 na ọ ka nwere naanị ndị ọkà okwu isii na-asụ Upper Negidal na-arụ ọrụ, ọ dịghịkwa ndị na-asụ Lower Negidal na-arụ ọrụ, naanị ndị ọkà okwu 10-20 na-arụ ọrụ. <ref name=":0"/> Ya mere, a na-ekewa asụsụ ahụ dị ka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị oke njọ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2891|title=Negidal - The Endangered Languages Project|work=Endangered Languages|language=en|accessdate=2018-02-17|archivedate=2021-11-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115211342/https://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2891}}</ref> ma a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-akwụsị n'ime afọ iri na-abịa. <ref name=":0" /> == Asụsụ dị iche iche == E nwere olumba abụọ mbụ: olumba Upper Negidal ( {{Lang|ru-Latn|Verkhovskoj}} n'asụsụ Rọshịa) n'akụkụ Osimiri Amgun (obodo Vladimirovka), nke a ka na-asụkarị, na asụsụ Lower nke gbanyụrụ ugbu a ( ''Nizovskoj'' ) n'ebe dị ala ya (obodo nta Tyr na Beloglinka, obodo Nikolaevsk-on-Amur ). <ref name=":0"/> Asụsụ Lower dị nso na Evenki karịsịa. == Ihe ndetu == na-etolite obere otu ọzọ. Site n'ebe ahụ, o kwuru na "na-etolite obere otu ọzọ. Site n'ebe ahụ, o kwuru na "{{Reflist}} == Ndekọ Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite book|author=Aralova|first=N. B.|date=2016|chapter=Negidal’skij jazyk|title=Jazyk i obščestvo. Sociolingvističeskaja enciklopedija|editor=Vida Ju. Mikhal’čenko|pages=307–308|location=Moscow|publisher=Azbukovnik}} * {{Cite book|author=Cincius|first=V.I.|year=1982|location=Leningrad|publisher=Nauka}} * {{Cite book|author=Kalinina|first=E. J.|date=2008|pages=272–282|location=[[Moscow]]|publisher=Языки славянских культур}} * {{Cite book|author=Kazama|first=Shinjiro|year=2002|series=Publications on Tungus languages and cultures 19. Endangered languages of the Pacific Rim, A2-021|location=Kyoto|publisher=Nakanishi}} * {{Cite journal|author=Myl'nikova|first=K.M.|year=1931|journal=Tungusskij Sbornik I:107-218}} * Pakendorf, B. & Aralova, N. (2018). The endangered state of Negidal: a field report. ''Language Documentation &amp;amp; Conservation'' 12: 1-14. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24760 * {{Cite book|author=Xasanova|first=M.M.|year=2003|series=Publications on Tungus Languages and Cultures 21. Endangered languages of the Pacific Rim, A2-024|location=Kyoto|publisher=Nakanishi|url=https://tufs.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/7473|title=Archive copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415193639/https://tufs.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/7473|archive-date=2025-04-15|access-date=2026-03-21|url-status=dead}} == Njikọ mpụga == * ELAR archive of [http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0222 Endangered Tungusic Languages of Khabarovskij Kraj (including Negidal)] * [https://endangeredlanguages.com/elp-language/2891 The Endangered Languages Project - Negidal] 0qfj2gvmnx779q1doj43cee925sackw 0 74631 743836 623747 2026-11-07T21:53:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bridget Ibenero''' bụ onye egwuregwu badminton nke Naịjirịa nke so na asọmpi kọntinent, gụnyere asọmpi Badminton nke Afrịka. == Ọrụ == Ibenero nọchitere anya [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke badminton n'oge afọ 1990 na mmalite afọ 2000. Na asọmpi Badminton nke Afrịka, ọ sonye n'ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị na-agba otu otu, asọmpi abụọ ụmụ nwanyị, na asọmpi abụọ. Na asọmpi Badminton nke Afrịka nke afọ 1996 emere na Lagos, ọ so n'ime ndị meriri ihe nrite n'asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị na-agba otu otu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=1996 African Badminton Championships results|url=https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com|publisher=Badminton World Federation|access-date=2026-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504112548/https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/category.aspx?id=29943&category=476|archive-date=2022-05-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ọ sokwara asọmpi abụọ ụmụ nwanyị na asọmpi abụọ dị iche iche n'otu asọmpi ahụ, ya na ndị egwuregwu Naịjirịa ndị ọzọ sokwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=1996 African Badminton Championships|url=https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com|publisher=Badminton World Federation|access-date=2026-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504112548/https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/category.aspx?id=29943&category=476|archive-date=2022-05-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na asọmpi Badminton nke Afrịka nke afọ 2000 na Bauchi, Ibenero sokwara ọzọ na asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na agba abụọ dị iche iche, na-aga n'ihu na asọmpi ya na ọkwa kọntinent. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2000 African Badminton Championships|url=https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com|publisher=Badminton World Federation|access-date=2026-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504112548/https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/category.aspx?id=29943&category=476|archive-date=2022-05-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Onyinye ndị ọzọ == Ibenero etinyekwala aka n'ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ metụtara egwuregwu. O so dee nnyocha gbasara nri na usoro mmiri mmiri n'egwuregwu nke jikọtara ya na National Institute for Sports, Lagos. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Nutrition and Hydration Strategies in Athletic Performance|journal=Journal of Sports Psychology Association of Nigeria|year=2024}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme egwuregwu]] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o1yahcp6dwmk4vyelnzk2sudtj315fd 0 74701 743856 628302 2026-11-08T02:58:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Damaris Berta Egurrola Wienke''' (amụrụ na 26 Ọgọst 1999) bụ ọkachamara [[:en:Footballer|n'ịgba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba bọọlụ dịka onye etiti na otu egwuregwu [[:en:Première_Ligue|Premiere Ligue]] [[:en:OL_Lyon|Lyon]] na [[:en:Netherlands_women's_national_football_team|otu egwuregwu mba Netherlands]]. N'ọkwa klọb, ọ malitere na [[:en:Athletic_Club_Femenino|Athletic Club]] na 2015, kwaga [[:en:Everton_F.C._(women)|Everton]] na 2020, wee banye na Lyon na Jenụwarị 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Metz|first=Madeleine|date=25 November 2021|title=Damaris Egurrola: A bright international future awaits Lyon star|url=https://herfootballhub.com/damaris-egurrola-a-bright-international-future-awaits-lyon-star/|accessdate=29 December 2021|work=Her Football Hub}}</ref> A mụrụ ya na[[United States|mba Amerịka]], ọ gbara asọmpi mbụ ya n'ọkwa dị elu maka otu [[:en:Spain_women's_national_association_football_team|egwuregwu mba Spen]] n'afọ 2019; na 2022, o tinyere akwụkwọ maka otu ugboro ịnọchite anya [[:en:Netherlands_women's_national_football_team|mba Netherlands]]. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60909269|title=Lyon's Damaris swaps Spain for Netherlands|work=BBC Sport|date=29 March 2022|accessdate=30 March 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Egurrola biri na Orlando, [[Flórídạ|Florida]], nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ atọ nne Dutch na nna Spanish. <ref name="hija">[https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/12/16/actualidad/1544958371_655790.html La hija del pelotari] [The pelotari's daughter], El País, 18 December 2019 (in Spanish)</ref> Mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ ndị ntorobịa, Egurrola bịanyere aka na [[:en:Athletic_Club_Femenino|Athletic Club]] na 2014, dị afọ 14, na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ịbanye na klọb ahụ n'ihi otú e si zụlite ya n'ógbè ahụ. Mgbe otu oge gachara ya na [[:en:Athletic_Club_Femenino_B|ndị otu B]] ha, ọ malitere asọmpi mbụ ya na Disemba 2015, wee pụta ugboro isii na 2015–16 Primera División ka Athletic mechara bụrụ ndị mmeri, <ref name="hija" /> wee bụrụ onye na-agba bọọlụ mgbe niile site na mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu. Mgbe ọ kwuchara na ọ ga-ahapụ Athletic Bilbao na ngwụcha nkwekọrịta ya, Egurrola dọtara mmasị n'aka nnukwu klọb ndị dị na Yuropu, gụnyere [[:en:Everton_F.C._(women)|Everton]], bụ ndị mechara bịanye aka na onye na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na mbido Septemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Everton Women Sign Spain Midfielder|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1801481/everton-women-sign-spain-midfielder|accessdate=28 March 2021|date=1 September 2020|work=www.evertonfc.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024193845/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1801481/everton-women-sign-spain-midfielder|archive-date=24 October 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> Egurrola gbara egwuregwu mbụ ya na [[:en:Women's_Super_League|FA WSL]] na ụbọchị atọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba, na mmeri 6-0 megide [[:en:Aston_Villa_W.F.C.|Aston Villa]], o wee malite egwuregwu niile sochirinụ dịka onye ọkpụkpọ egwu. Egurrola bịanyere aka na ''OL'' na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ọkara na Jenụwarị 20, 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Damaris Egurrola rejoint l'Olympique Lyonnais|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr-fr/contenus/articles/2021/01/20/damaris-egurrola-rejoint-lolympique-lyonnais|accessdate=28 March 2021|work=www.OL.fr|language=fr-FR|date=20 January 2021}}</ref> wee banye na egwuregwu mbụ ya na [[:en:Coupe_de_France_Féminine|Coupe de France]] megide [[:en:Stade_de_Reims_Féminines|Stade de Reims]]. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Division 1 Féminine na UEFA Champions League, ha abụọ mechara merie ma merie goolu na-enweghị goolu. Egurrola guzobere onwe ya dị ka onye mbido na mmalite oge 2021–22, wee gosi na ọ bụ onye otu dị mkpa n'ime otu ahụ. == Ọrụ mba ofesi == Site n'ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ, Egurrola ruru eru ịgba bọọlụ maka mba United States, Spain, na Netherlands. Egurrola sonyere na asọmpi [[:en:Spain_women's_national_association_football_team|mbụ ya na mba Spain]] na Mee 2019, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu, wee bụrụ onye nnọchi anya egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke mmeri 4-0 megide Cameroon n'oge nkwadebe maka [[:en:2019_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|iko mba ụwa FIFA nke 2019]], ọ bụ ezie na a họrọghị ya n'òtù egwuregwu ikpeazụ. Mgbe o tinyere akwụkwọ maka mgbanwe otu ugboro, Egurrola kwere nkwa isonye na otu egwuregwu mba Netherlands na Machị 2022.<ref name="auto"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Spaans-Nederlands talent Egurrola kiest voor Oranje en zit bij selectie|url=https://nos.nl/l/2423089|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=nos.nl|date=29 March 2022|language=nl}}</ref> Na 31 Mee 2023, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke ndị otu egwuregwu nwa oge nke Netherlands maka [[:en:2023_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|iko mba ụwa FIFA nke 2023]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mark White|date=2023-06-05|title=Netherlands Women's World Cup 2023 squad: 30-player preliminary team named|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/netherlands-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players-holland|accessdate=2023-06-19|work=fourfourtwo.com}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu ise niile maka Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web|author=UEFA.com|title=Damaris Egurrola|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensworldcup/teams/players/250097203--damaris-egurrola/|accessdate=2023-12-10|work=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{Reflist}} srarfwjt52xrzzmnhfwls9m5yvuur8b 0 74889 743864 630550 2026-11-08T05:02:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntombizodwa Doris Sikosana''' (1942-2023), nke a na-akpọkwa '''Sikhosana''', bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mba Saụt Afrịka ma bụrụkwa onye na-akwado ọchịchị megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ si KwaZulu-Natal. Ọ nọchitere anya African National Congress (ANC) na National Assembly site na 2008 ruo 2009 nakwa na KwaZulu-Natal Legislature site na 2009 ruo 2014. == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == A mụrụ Sikosana na 1942 na Highflats na mpaghara Natal mbụ.<ref name=":1" /> N'oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọ bụ onye otu ANC n'okpuru ala ma mesịa sonye na pati ahụ na mba ọzọ. Mgbe a machibidoro ANC iwu na 1990, a họpụtara ya na Kọmitii Nchịkwa Mba nke Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị nke ANC . <ref name=":1" /> A ṅụrụ ya iyi na National Assembly na 14 Nọvemba 2008 n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị gbara arụkwaghịm na-esote mwepụ Thabo Mbeki n'ọkwa Onye isi ala; ọ nọchiri onye bụbu minista Aziz Pahad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2009-01-15|title=National Assembly Members|url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87|archivedate=14 May 2009|accessdate=2023-04-08|work=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 November 2008|title=7 new MPs to be sworn in|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/7-new-mps-to-be-sworn-in-20081118|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Na ntuli aka nke afọ na-esote, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ANC na KwaZulu-Natal Legislature.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 April 2009|title=KwaZulu-Natal MPLs elected April 22|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/kwazulunatal-mpls-elected-april-22|accessdate=2023-02-01|work=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ == Sikosana mụrụ ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Thulasizwe na Funizwe. Ọ nwụrụ na 2023 ma nye ya ohere olili ozu mpaghara pụrụ iche, nke gụnyere okwu Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, Vusi Dube, Zweli Mkhize, na Lungi Gcabashe kwuru.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=May 2023|title=Special Provincial Official Funeral for the Late Ms Ntombizodwa Doris Sikhosana|publisher=Government of KwaZulu-Natal|url=http://www.kznonline.gov.za/images/NSkhosana_Funeral_Programm.pdf|accessdate=12 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260130073346/https://www.kznonline.gov.za/images/NSkhosana_Funeral_Programm.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2026|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.kznonline.gov.za/images/NSkhosana_Funeral_Programm.pdf "Special Provincial Official Funeral for the Late Ms Ntombizodwa Doris Sikhosana"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of KwaZulu-Natal. May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == a69rogjilkkkcusq9kg1iz3lbmv93fu 0 74903 743872 742382 2026-11-08T07:20:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743872 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Elizabeth Mpofu''' Ọ bụ obere onye ọrụ ugbo organic, onye edemede na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ nke bi na Zimbabwe. Ọ bụ onye nhazi izugbe nke Via Campesina, na n'afọ 2016 ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na Food and Agriculture Organisation nke United Nations (FAO) maka International Year of Pulses. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi oche nke ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum). == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Elizabeth Mpofu n'afọ 1959. O nwere ụmụ atọ na ụmụ ụmụ itoolu.<ref name="Naturally" /> Mpofu bụ obere onye ọrụ ugbo nke bi na Masvingo Province na [[Zimbabwe]] . <ref name="FoodTank">{{Cite news|title=20 Heroines Revolutionizing Food Activism|url=https://foodtank.com/news/2020/03/20-heroines-revolutionizing-food-activism-to-improve-the-planet/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Food Tank|date=5 March 2020}}</ref> O nwere ugbo ya dị hekta 10 n'ihi usoro mgbanwe ala malitere na 2000.<ref name="Doors">{{Cite news|author=L. Biron|first=Carey|title=Global recognition 'opens doors' for peasant groups, right to land|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20191218052844-hjd95|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=news.trust.org|date=18 December 2019}}</ref> Ọ na-akụ ọka, legumes na agwa ndị ọzọ.<ref name="Pulse">{{Cite news|author=Bafana|first=Busani|title=The Beating Pulse of Food Security in Africa|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/10/the-beating-pulse-of-food-security-in-africa/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=www.ipsnews.net|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> == Mgbalị == Mpofu ghọrọ onye otu Association of Zimbabwe Traditional Environmental Conservationists na 1982. <ref name="RadioMundo" /> O mechara bụrụ onye otu ndị guzobere ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers Forum). Na 2016, a họpụtara ya dịka onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na Food and Agriculture Organization nke United Nations (FAO) maka Afọ Nkụcha Mba Nile. . <ref name="Naturally">{{Cite news|author=Davies|first=Sara|title=Elizabeth Mpofu, Africa’s Pulse Ambassador|url=http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Naturally Zimbabwean|date=31 December 2016|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810094456/http://naturallyzimbabwean.com/2016/12/31/elizabeth-mpofu-africas-pulse-ambassador/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDavies2016">Davies, Sara (31 December 2016). . ''Naturally Zimbabwean''. Archived from on 10 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mpofu bụ ugbu a (2020) General Coordinator nke Via Campesina, otu nzukọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-anọchite anya ikike nke nde ndị ọrụ ugbo 200. <ref name="EAT">{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Mpofu|url=https://eatforum.org/contributor/elizabeth-mpofu/|work=EAT|accessdate=10 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310114434/https://eatforum.org/contributor/elizabeth-mpofu/|archivedate=10 March 2020}}</ref> Mpofu ghọrọ onye nhazi na 2013 ma na-eme mkpọsa na okwu ndị dị ka inweta ala na iwepụ ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="RadioMundo">{{Cite news|title=Women are the Ones Who Take Care of Mother Earth|url=https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Radio Mundo Real|date=12 July 2013|language=en|archive-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310114654/https://www.radiomundoreal.fm/6853-women-are-the-ones-who-take-care?lang=es|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Radio Mundo Real''. 12 July 2013. Archived from on 10 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu weputara nkwupụta UN banyere Ihe Ndị Ruwere Onwe nke Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo na Ndị Ọzọ Na-arụ Ọrụ n'Ime Obodo na 2018, na-esote aro mbụ Via Campesina mere na 2008. Mpofu kwuru "Nke a abụwo ụzọ siri ike ma dị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo, dị ka ndị hụrụ ihe kachasị njọ nke ịda ogbenye na ileghara anya, anyị sikwa ike ma anyị anaghị ada mbà".<ref name="CADTM">{{Cite news|title=UN Human Rights Council passes a resolution adopting the peasant rights declaration in Geneva|url=https://www.cadtm.org/UN-Human-Rights-Council-passes-a-resolution-adopting-the-peasant-rights|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=www.cadtm.org|archive-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310180822/https://www.cadtm.org/UN-Human-Rights-Council-passes-a-resolution-adopting-the-peasant-rights|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kwadoro nkwupụta ahụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ.<ref name="Resilience">{{Cite news|author=A. Wise|first=Timothy|title=UN Backs Seed Sovereignty in Landmark Peasants’ Rights Declaration|url=https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-01-24/un-backs-seed-sovereignty-in-landmark-peasants-rights-declaration/|accessdate=10 March 2020|work=Resilience|date=24 January 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == * Elizabeth Mpofu (2016) 'Ndị inyom na-arụ ọrụ ugbo site na ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma' na Farming Matters.<ref name="Knowledge">{{Cite journal|first=Elizabeth|author=Mpofu|title=Women farm through knowledge sharing|journal=Farming Matters|date=23 March 2016|url=https://www.ileia.org/2016/03/23/opinion-women-farm-knowledge-sharing/|accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref> * Elizabeth Mpofu & Ndabezinhle Nyoni (2017) 'Ọrụ nke pulses na obere ndị nwe ala na mgbanwe nke ọrụ ugbo Africa' na Nature & Faune . <ref name="NatureFaune">{{Cite journal|first=Elizabeth|author=Mpofu|title=Role of pulses and smallholders in the transformation of Africa's agriculture|journal=Nature & Faune|volume=31|issue=1|issn=2026-5611}}</ref> == Hụkwa == === Njikọ dị n'ime === * [[Via Campesina|Site na Campesina]] * [[Nkwupụta United Nations Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo|Nkwupụta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo]] * Guy Kastler * José Bové * [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi]] * Njem ndị ọrụ ugbo == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpofu, Elizabeth}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] i70bqxxzaj5ii4vo9nwo9u22esvdqnu 0 75279 743817 632202 2026-11-07T17:47:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743817 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Adam Azeez Arisekola''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2003) bụ onye ọkachamara Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ maka klọb Malaysian Kedah FA . == Ọrụ klọb == === PT Athletic (Putrajaya) === N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2024, Adam sonyeere PT Athletic FC (nke a maara dị ka Putrajaya Athletic n'oge ahụ) maka oge 2024-25 Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ghọrọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndị otu ahụ, ọkachasị ịgba goolu anọ n'otu egwuregwu n'oge mmalite nke oge ya.<ref name="WOB">{{Cite news|author=Dito|title=Imported Player Exposes M'sian Football Club For Allegedly Not Paying Salary|url=https://worldofbuzz.com/exclusive-imported-player-exposes-msian-football-club-for-allegedly-not-paying-his-salary-since-he-joined/|work=World of Buzz|date=4 December 2024|accessdate=30 January 2026}}</ref> Adam nọchiri anya klọb ahụ na iko Malaysia 2024–25, pụtara na ụkwụ abụọ nke Round nke 16 megide ndị otu Malaysia Super League. <ref name="Vocket">{{Cite news|title=Pemain Import Liga A1 Dakwa Tidak Dibayar Gaji Sejak Awal Musim|url=https://thevocket.com/pemain-import-liga-a1-dakwa-tidak-dibayar-gaji-sejak-awal-musim/|work=Vocket FC|date=4 December 2024|accessdate=30 January 2026}}</ref> === Kedah FA === Na 28 n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, Adam bịanyere aka na Kedah FA iji duzie mwakpo ha na Liga A1 Semi-Pro. Ndị na-enyocha egwuregwu n'ógbè ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ atụmatụ "Helang Merah" mere iji mee ka ndị otu ha sie ike na ndị nwere nkà si mba ọzọ yana ịzụlite ndị egwuregwu ntorobịa.<ref name="Majoriti">{{Cite news|title='Import hanya pelengkap rasa, kudrat utama Kedah masih ubi muda'|url=https://majoriti.com.my/sukan/2025/07/29/039import-hanya-pelengkap-rasa-kudrat-utama-kedah-masih-ubi-muda039|work=Majoriti|date=29 July 2025|accessdate=30 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260517141150/https://majoriti.com.my/sukan/2025/07/29/039import-hanya-pelengkap-rasa-kudrat-utama-kedah-masih-ubi-muda039|archive-date=17 May 2026|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mgbe o sonyere, o gosipụtara mkpebi ya iji nọgide na-eme ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ Alor Setar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Azeez bawa misi besar di Kedah|url=https://www.molekfm.audio/azeez-bawa-misi-besar-di-kedah/|publisher=Molek FM|date=31 July 2025|accessdate=30 January 2026}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g99u1szq1jnvhco063zle34tez0ic3d 0 75348 743813 675966 2026-11-07T17:01:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Augustine Owen Eguavoen''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye njikwa [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria na onye bụbu onye egwuregwu nke jere ozi dị ka onye njikwa otu mba Naijiria ugboro atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Augustine Eguavoen named Nigeria coach again as Rohr departs very otu coach|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/59635973.amp|accessdate=2022-10-12|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ọrụ ịgba egwu == === Klọb === N'oge ọrụ ya dịgasị iche iche Eguavoen malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere [[ACB Lagos F.C.|ACB Lagos]] na obodo ya [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ụfọdụ arụmọrụ dị egwu mere ka ọ kwaga Gent na 1986. Ọ gara n'ihu na-egwuri egwu maka K.V. Kortrijk, CD Ourense, Sacramento Scorpions, Torpedo Moscow ma mechaa ọrụ ya na [[Malta]] na Sliema Wanderers. === Mba Nile === Eguavoen bụ onye otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria nke ruru eru maka iko mba ụwa mbụ na 1994, wee merie Iko Mba Afrịka n'otu afọ ahụ. == Ọrụ nkuzi == Eguavoen malitere ọrụ nkuzi ya na [[Malta]] na Sliema Wanderers, e nyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi egwuregwu maka Oge 1999-2000, mana ọ nọrọ n'ọrụ ahụ naanị ọnwa ole na ole. Ọ nọgidere na-egwuri egwu maka Sliema na Oge 2000-01. === Naịjirịa === A họpụtara Eguavoen ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na June 2005 ya na ndị nkuzi ya gụnyere Samson Siasia, [[Daniel Amokachi]] na Ike Shorunmu. Ọ chịkọtara [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 2006 Africa Cup of Nations na Egypt, ebe ndị otu ahụ nwetara ọla nchara, na-emeri Senegal na nke atọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/egypt/2006/nigeria-take-third_sto829887/story.shtml|title=Nigeria Take Third|publisher=Eurosport|date=9 February 2006|accessdate=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126230851/https://www.eurosport.com/football/egypt/2006/nigeria-take-third_sto829887/story.shtml|archive-date=26 November 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> A chụrụ ya n'ọrụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/egypt/2006/nigeria-sack-eguavoen_sto862228/story.shtml|title=Nigeria Sack Eguaveon|publisher=Eurosport|date=4 April 2006|accessdate=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203160700/https://www.eurosport.com/football/egypt/2006/nigeria-sack-eguavoen_sto862228/story.shtml|archive-date=3 December 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eguavoen wee kwaga South Africa iji weghara otu Black Leopards nke Premier Soccer League na Machị 2008. === Enyimba International === N'afọ 2008-09, Eguavoen bụ onye isi nchịkwa na [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba International]] na Aba, mana ọ hapụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya, na-eduga ha n'ọkwa nke atọ na league ma merie Federation Cup. === Ịlaghachi Naijiria === Na June 2010, Nigeria Football Federation jụrụ Eguavoen ka ọ dochie Swedish Lars Lagerbäck ruo mgbe o kpebiri atụmatụ ya n'ọdịnihu. Akpọbatara ya dị ka onye njikwa na-ahụ maka ọrụ mana o kwuru na ya enweghị ebumnuche inyefe akwụkwọ maka iwere ọrụ ahụ na-adịgide adịgide. A họpụtara Eguavoen ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria na-erubeghị afọ 23 n'ọnwa Ọgọst 2010. Ọ tụrụ anya na ndị otu ya ga-eru eru maka asọmpi Olympic London nke afọ 2012, mana e meriri ha n'asọmpi otu. Na 5 Disemba 2011, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ ya n'ihi ọdịda enwetaghị tiketi Olympic. Na 27 Ọktoba 2012, akpọrọ ya onye njikwa Sharks FC ikwe ka John Obuh tinye uche na otu Nigeria Under-20. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe egwuregwu asaa gasịrị mgbe otu ahụ malitere na ala nke tebụl. Ọ bịanyere aka na Eprel 2013 ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkwa Nigeria National League akụkụ COD United. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2013, gọọmentị Edo Steeti were ya n'ọrụ iji zụọ Bendel Insurance na ebumnuche nke iweghachi ha na Premier League. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Julaị 2014 iji weghara Gombe United F.C. N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, ọ sonyeere Sunshine Stars . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2017/04/25/eguavoen-promises-to-stick-with-sunshine-stars/|title=Ex-Super Eagles coaches, Unveiled at Sunshine Stars|author=Staff Reporter|work=aoifootball.com|language=en-US|accessdate=14 May 2018|archivedate=26 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426131010/http://aoifootball.com/2017/04/25/eguavoen-promises-to-stick-with-sunshine-stars/}}</ref> mana a hapụrụ ya na June mgbe ndị isi league Plateau United meriri ya n'ụlọ. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ndị Naịjirịa Football Federation, họpụtara Eguavoen dị ka onye nduzi teknụzụ nke Federation ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nff-appoints-eguavoen-as-technical-director|title=NFF appoints Eguavoen as technical director|date=21 October 2020|accessdate=17 January 2022|work=[[TheCable]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, a họpụtara Eguavoen ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa Naịjirịa n'oge na-adịghị anya maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2021, mgbe Gernot Rohr hapụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/59635973|title=Augustine Eguavoen named Nigeria coach again as Rohr departs|publisher=BBC|date=13 December 2021|accessdate=13 December 2021}}</ref> Mgbe Naịjirịa si na agba nke iri na isii pụta site na mmeri siri ike na Tunisia, ọ laghachiri n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye nduzi teknụzụ nke akụkụ ahụ. == Nsọpụrụ == === Dị ka Onye Egwuregwu === * Iko Mba Afrịka: 1994 === Dị ka Onye Ọkwọ Ụgbọ Mmiri === * Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2006 (Bronze) '''Enyimba International''' * Iko Mba Naịjirịa: Oge 2008-09 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kpfutlylj620v9cz6nrmk70avujroq3 0 76404 743838 741428 2026-11-07T22:20:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Butter Honey Pig Bread''''' bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke [[Francesca Ekwuyasi]], nke {{ill|Arsenal Pulp Press|en}} bipụtara na 3 Septemba 2020. Akwụkwọ a na-akọ akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị atọ—Kambirinachi na ụmụ ejima ya nwanyị, Kehinde na Taiye—ma mee n'akụkụ kọntinent atọ dị iche iche. Isiokwu ndị bụ isi n'ime ya gụnyere nri, ezinụlọ, mgbaghara, ịhụnanya, na njikọ mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Butter honey pig bread|url=https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?R=4100767|access-date=2021-10-15|via=Toronto Public Library|archive-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804043732/https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?R=4100767|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Ndabere== N'afọ 2013, mgbe Ekwuyasi mechara ọrụ ya nke {{ill|National Youth Service Corps|en}} na mba Nigeria ma na-eche visa [[Canada]] ya, ọ malitere ide akwụkwọ ma na-etinye ọtụtụ ụbọchị ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ obodo na-agụ akwụkwọ ndị odee Nigeria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Sue |date=2020-09-14 |title=Francesca Ekwuyasi's sensual debut novel melds Nigerian folklore with a personal journey to make connections |url=https://quillandquire.com/authors/francesca-ekwuyasis-sensual-debut-novel-melds-nigerian-folklore-with-a-personal-journey-to-make-connections/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Quill and Quire |language=en |archive-date=October 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172055/https://quillandquire.com/authors/francesca-ekwuyasis-sensual-debut-novel-melds-nigerian-folklore-with-a-personal-journey-to-make-connections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ahụmahụ a nyere nnukwu aka n'ịmepụta ''Butter Honey Pig Bread''. Mgbe e mesịrị, Ekwuyasi nwetara visa Canada ma kwaga {{ill|Halifax, Nova Scotia|en}}, ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na o nweghị atụmatụ ka e bipụta ya.<ref name=":1" /> N'ikpeazụ, otu enyi ya gwara ya ka o zipụ akwụkwọ edemede ahụ na Arsenal Pulp Press, ma n'oge ikike ọrụ Canada ya na-agwụ, ụlọ mbipụta ahụ nabatara ya maka mbipụta. Mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ, Ekwuyasi mechara nweta ọnọdụ {{ill|Permanent residency in Canada|en}} ya bụ onye bi na Canada n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro.<ref name=":1" /> ==Ihe ndị ọzọ kwuru== ''Butter Honey Pig Bread'' nwetara nyocha pụrụ iche sitere na ''{{ill|Booklist|en}}''<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chanoux|first=Laura|date=October 1, 2020|title=Butter Honey Pig Bread|url=https://www.booklistonline.com/Butter-Honey-Pig-Bread/pid=9738696|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|via=Booklist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170151/https://www.booklistonline.com/Butter-Honey-Pig-Bread/pid%3D9738696 |archive-date=2021-10-28 }}</ref> na ''[[Publishers Weekly]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-09|title=Fiction Book Review: Butter Honey Pig Bread by Francesca Ekwuyasi. Arsenal Pulp, $19.95 trade paper (320p) ISBN 978-1-55152-823-6|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-55152-823-6|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=Publishers Weekly|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018024044/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-55152-823-6 |archive-date=2020-10-18 }}</ref> Laura Chanoux, onye dere nyocha maka ''Booklist'', toro ederede Ekwuyasi, na-ekwu na nkọwa ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ na-akpọ ndị na-agụ ya òkù ka ha nwee ọṅụ n'asụsụ onye odee ji ede. O kọwara ya dịka "akwụkwọ mbụ e dere nke ọma nke jikọtara mmetụta mmadụ na ihe omimi n'ụzọ magburu onwe ya".<ref name=":2" /> Nyocha ọma ndị ọzọ sitere na ''{{ill|The New Yorker|en}}'',<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=2021-01-06|title=Briefly Noted Book Reviews|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/01/18/beethoven-the-light-ages-a-lie-someone-told-you-about-yourself-butter-honey-pig-bread|access-date=2021-10-15|magazine=The New Yorker|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Puritan'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=French|first=Whitney|date=Fall 2020|title=Making Food, Making Fury: Francesca Ekwuyasi's Butter Honey Pig Bread|url=http://puritan-magazine.com/butter-honey-pig-bread-review/|journal=The Puritan|issue=51}}</ref> ''Hamilton Review of Books'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Francis|first=Claire|title=Claire Francis Reviews Francesca Ekwuyasi's Butter Honey Pig Bread|url=http://hamiltonreviewofbooks.com/blog/2020/11/16/claire-francis-reviews-francesca-ekwuyasis-butter-honey-pig-bread|date=November 16, 2020}}</ref> ''The Suburban'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Meredith|date=March 8, 2021|title=Entertainment: Butter Honey Pig Bread review|url=https://www.thesuburban.com/arts_and_entertainment/entertainment/entertainment-butter-honey-pig-bread-review/article_c21b8b84-8036-11eb-88b0-d3dacd4ec1b0.html|access-date=June 6, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310070328/https://www.thesuburban.com/arts_and_entertainment/entertainment/entertainment-butter-honey-pig-bread-review/article_c21b8b84-8036-11eb-88b0-d3dacd4ec1b0.html|archive-date=March 10, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''This Black Girl Reads'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=My Canada Reads Pick for 2021 is 'Butter Honey Pig Bread' Here's Why…|url=https://thisblackgirlreads.ca/my-canada-reads-pick-for-2021-is-butter-honey-pig-bread-heres-why/}}</ref> ''Consumed by Ink'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-09|title=Butter Honey Pig Bread by Francesca Ekwuyasi|url=https://consumedbyink.ca/2021/02/08/butter-honey-pig-bread-by-francesca-ekwuyasi/}}</ref> na ''Foreword Reviews''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gonzalez|first=Eileen|date=November–December 2020|title=Review of One Night Two Souls Went Walking|url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/one-night-two-souls-went-walking/}}</ref> {{ill|CBC Books|en}} kpọrọ ''Butter Honey Pig Bread'' otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada kacha mma nke afọ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2021|title=The best Canadian fiction of 2020|url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-best-canadian-fiction-of-2020-1.5819722}}</ref> ''{{ill|The Globe and Mail|en}}'' na ''{{ill|Quill & Quire|en}}'' tinyekwara ya n'ime ndepụta akwụkwọ kacha mma nke afọ ahụ n'agbanyeghị ụdị ha.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Cannon|first1=Margaret|date=2020-12-04|title=The Globe 100: Our favourite books of 2020|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books/article-the-globe-100-our-favourite-books-of-2020/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-16|title=2020 Books of the Year: Editors' picks|url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/books-of-the-year-2020-editors-picks/}}</ref> ''Butter Honey Pig Bread'' bụ akwụkwọ Canada nke itoolu kacha ere ahịa n'afọ 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-27 |title=The top 10 bestselling Canadian books of 2021 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-top-10-bestselling-canadian-books-of-2021-1.6295635}}</ref> ==Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ== * 2020 {{ill|Giller Prize|en}} – Longlisted * 2020 {{ill|Governor General's Awards|en}} maka Fiction – Shortlisted * 2021 {{ill|Amazon.ca First Novel Award|en}} – Finalist * 2021 {{ill|CBC Books|en}} Nominated * 2021 {{ill|Lambda Literary Awards|en}} maka Lesbian – Finalist * 2021 {{ill|ReLit Awards|en}} – Shortlisted * 2022 {{ill|Dayne Ogilvie Prize|en}} – Winner ==Edensibia== {{reflist}} [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke afọ 2020s]] [[Category:Ọrụ edemede metụtara LGBTQ nke 2020]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke Naịjirịa]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke Canada]] [[Category:Edemede ndị Canada ojii]] [[Category:Omenala LGBTQ nke ndị Canada ojii]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ etinyere na Naịjirịa]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ etinyere na London]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ etinyere na Montreal]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara ezinụlọ]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ gbasara nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ Arsenal Pulp Press]] iztlg58ccpubp3bcsppdfrluf6epwn2 0 76406 743884 725860 2026-11-08T11:03:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 8 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye French na-abụ abụ (1944–2024)}} {{Infobox person | name = Françoise Hardy | image = Francoise hardy february 1966.jpg | alt =<!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = Hardy na 1966 | birth_name = Françoise Madeleine Hardy | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1944|1|17}} | birth_place = [[Paris]], France | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|6|11|1944|1|17}} | death_place = Paris, France | occupation = {{hlist|Singer-songwriter|astrologer|writer|actress}} | years_active = 1962–2021 | spouse = {{marriage|[[Jacques Dutronc]]|30 March 1981|1988|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}} | children = [[Thomas Dutronc]] | website = {{URL|francoise-hardy.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[French pop]]|[[yé-yé]]|[[chanson]]}} | instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|guitar}} | label = {{hlist|[[Disques Vogue]]|[[Sonopresse]]|[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|[[Pathé-Marconi]]|Flarenasch|[[EMI Records|EMI]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[Parlophone]]}} }} | signature = Françoise Hardy signature.svg | signature_alt = }} '''Françoise Madeleine Hardy'''; (17 Jenụwarị 1944 – 11 Juun 2024) bụ onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye edemede nke sị mba France. A maara ya maka ịbụ abụ ndị na-atọ ọchị ma na-akpali akpali. Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama na mbido afọ 1960 dịka onye isi na French ''[[yé-yé]]'' egwu wee bụrụ [[Akara ngosi pop|akara omenala]] na France na mba ụwa. E wezụga asụsụ French nke obodo ya, ọ na-abụkwa abụ n'asụsụ Bekee, Itali, na German. Ọrụ egwu ya ruru ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, e wepụtakwara ihe karịrị [[album studio]] iri atọ. Ọ nọchitekwara anya [[Monaco]] na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]]. A mụrụ ma zụlite ya na [[9th arrondissement of Paris]], Hardy mere egwu mbụ ya na 1962 na ụlọ ọrụ French [[Disques Vogue]] wee nweta ihe ịga nke ọma ozugbo site na egwu "''[[Tous les garçons et les filles]]''". Site n'ịhapụ mmetụta mbụ ya [[rock and roll]], ọ malitere idekọ ihe na London na 1964, nke nyere ya ohere ịgbasa ụda ya site na abọm dịka ''[[Mon amie la rose (album)|Mon amie la rose]]'', ''[[L'amitié]]'', ''[[La maison où j'ai grandi (album)|La maison où j'ai grandi]]'', na ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...]].'' N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, o wepụtara ''[[Comment te dire adieu (album)|Comment te dire adieu]]'', ''[[La question (album)|La question]]'', na ''[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]''. N'oge a, ya na ndị na-ede egwu dịka [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Tuca (musician)|Tuca]], [[Patrick Modiano]], [[Michel Berger]], na [[Catherine Lara]] rụrụ ọrụ. N'agbata afọ 1977 na 1988, ya na onye mmepụta [[Gabriel Yared]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na abọm ndị ''Star'', ''Musique saoûle'', ''Gin Tonic'', na ''À suivre''. Ndekọ ya nke afọ 1988 ''Décalages'' a kpọsara ya dị ka abọm ikpeazụ ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ lọghachiri afọ asatọ ka e mesịrị na ''Le danger'', nke mere ka ụda ya dị ka nke siri ike [[alternative rock]]. Abọm ndị na-esochi ya nke afọ 2000 — ''[[Clair-obscur (album)|Clair-obscur]]'', ''Tant de belles choses'', na ''(Parenthèses...)'' — ahụla ka ọ laghachiri n'ụdị dị nro ya. N'afọ 2010, Hardy wepụtara abọm atọ ikpeazụ ya: ''[[La pluie sans parapluie]]'', ''[[L'Amour fou (album)|L'amour fou]]'', na ''[[Personne d'autre]]''. Na mgbakwunye na egwu, Hardy nwetara ọrụ ihe nkiri dịka [[onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado]] na ''[[Nutty, Naughty Chateau|Château en Suède]]'', ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart|Une balle au cœur]]'', na mmepụta nke Amerịka ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]''. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ngosi maka ndị na-emepụta ejiji dịka [[André Courrèges]], [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], na [[Paco Rabanne]], ma soro onye na-ese foto [[Jean-Marie Périer]] rụkọọ ọrụ. Hardy zụlitere ọrụ dịka [[Ịgụ kpakpando|onye na-agụ kpakpando]], ebe o dere ọtụtụ ihe gbasara isiokwu a site na afọ 1970 gaa n'ihu. Ọ bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo site na afọ 2000. Akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Le désespoir des singes...et autres bagatelles'' (''The Despair of Monkeys...and Other Trifles''), bụ nke kacha ree ahịa na Frans. Dịka onye ọha na eze, a maara Hardy maka ihere ya, enweghị mmasị na ndụ ndị ama ama, na àgwà iwe onwe onye, nke e kwuru na ọ bụ ya mere o ji na-alụ ọgụ ná ndụ ya niile na [[nchegbu]] na enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Ọ lụrụ onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede abụ nke France [[Jacques Dutronc]] na 1981. Nwa ha nwoke, [[Thomas Dutronc|Thomas]], ghọkwara onye egwu. Hardy ka bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ abụ kacha ere ahịa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị France, a ka na-ahụkwa ya dị ka onye dị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta n'ihe gbasara [[egwu pop French]] na ejiji. Na 2006, e nyere ya onyinye ''[[Grande médaille de la chanson française]]'', onyinye nsọpụrụ nke e nyere site n'aka ndị [[Académie française]], iji gosi ọrụ ya n'egwu. Hardy nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa na Paris na June 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 80. ==Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ== [[File:Rue dAumale Paris.jpg|thumb|A zụlitere Hardy n'ụlọ dị obere n'akụkụ Rue d'Aumale, na Paris [[9th arrondissement of Paris|9th arrondissement]]]] A mụrụ Françoise Madeleine Hardy na Jenụwarị 17, 1944 na Marie-Louise Clinic dị na [[9th arrondissement of Paris|9th arrondissement]] nke Paris na [[ọchịchị ndị agha German na France weghaara n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ | France nke ndị Germany weghaara]] n'oge [[Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]].<ref name="HardyOne">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "One"</ref> A mụrụ ya n'oge [[Mgbọ ogbunigwe nke France n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ | mwakpo ikuku]], windo ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gbawara.<ref name="radio">{{cite news |date=8 October 2020 |title=Françoise Hardy, la mélancolie en chansons |trans-title=Françoise Hardy, melancholy in songs |url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/francoise-hardy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115625/https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/francoise-hardy |archive-date=11 May 2021 |access-date=10 May 2021 |newspaper=[[France Culture]] |language=French}}</ref> O kwuru na a mụrụ ya n'ọnọdụ ime ihe ike nke kpatara "àgwà ya nke nwere nchekasị" mgbe ọ bụ okenye.<ref name="radio"/> A mụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta, Michèle, ọnwa iri na asatọ ka e mesịrị<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance" /> na nne ha, Madeleine Hardy ({{circa}}1921–1991<ref name="HardyOne" />), onye si n'ezinụlọ nkịtị, zụlitere Françoise na Michèle dị ka [[nne ma ọ bụ nna naanị ya]].<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance">Quinonero, 2017, "«C'est ton enfance / Qui se promène à cloche-pied / Dans ta mémoire..."</ref> Nna ya, Étienne Dillard, bụ nwoke lụrụ nwunye, onye si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya. O meghị ihe ọ bụla iji nyere ha aka n'ụzọ ego, ọ bụkwa onye na-anọghị ya n'oge a zụlitere ha,<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance"/><ref name="linternaute"/> naanị ileta ụmụaka ugboro ole na ole n'afọ.<ref name="rfi"/> Nne Hardy zụlitere ụmụ ya nwanyị n'ụlọ dị obere n'ime Rue d'Aumale nke dị n'ógbè nke itoolu.<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance"/> Hardy enweghị obi ụtọ ma nwee nsogbu mgbe ọ bụ nwata<ref name="rfi"/> ma na-etinye aka n'ihe omume naanị ya dịka ịgụ akwụkwọ, igwu egwu na nwa bebi, ma ọ bụ ige redio.<ref name="QuinoneroMonLit">Quinonero, 2017, "«Dans mon lit / Je dors, je rêve ou je lis»"</ref> N'ihi nrụgide nna ha, ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ gara n'otu ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik a na-akpọ Institution La Bruyère, n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị nọn Trinitarian.<ref name="HardyOne" /> Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Hardy na ụmụ klas ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ ihe kpatara enweghị ntụkwasị obi ruo ndụ ya niile.<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance" /> Nne nne ya mere ka ahụike uche ya ka njọ,<ref name="HardyOne" /><ref name="QuinoneroEnfance" /> onye "gwara ya ugboro ugboro na [ọ] dịghị mma ma dịkwa njọ nke ukwuu".<ref name="mortality" /> N'agbata afọ 1952 na 1960, a na-eziga Hardy na nwanne ya nwanyị n'Ọstria kwa oge okpomọkụ ka ha mụọ asụsụ German, onye hụrụ nne ya n'anya ọhụrụ, onye [[onye a ma ama na Austria | onye isi Austria]] gbara ya ume.<ref name="QuinoneroAustria">Quinonero, 2017, "Les étés autrichiens"</ref> Nna ya na-akpọ piano, e wee mee ka Hardy mụta piano mgbe ọ bụ nwata, nke ọ kwụsịrị mgbe ọ hụrụ egwu n'elu ikpo okwu mgbe a chọrọ ka ọ mee ihe ngosi n'elu ikpo okwu na [[Salle Gaveau]].<ref name="Hardy Two" /> Mgbe Hardy dị afọ iri na isii, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee gafere ''[[baccalauréat]]''.<ref name="Hardy Two">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Two"</ref> Iji mee emume ahụ, nna ya jụrụ ya onyinye ọ ga-achọ, o wee họrọ gita, nke o ji malite ịbụ abụ nke ya.<ref name="Hardy Two" /> N'ịgbaso iwu nne ya, o debanyere aha na [[Paris Institute of Political Studies]] mgbe ọ ka dị afọ iri na ụma,<ref name="Hardy Two" /> mana ọ hụrụ na ọ siri ike nke ukwuu, ọ hapụrụ Institute ahụ wee debanye aha na [[Mahadum nke Paris|Sorbonne]] iji mụọ asụsụ German.<ref>{{cite news |title=Francoise is France's little girl next door |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-mirror-francoise-is-frances-littl/168845615/ |access-date=25 March 2025 |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=23 March 1963 |location=London, United Kingdom |page=16 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Hardy jiri oge fọdụrụ n'ọmụmụ ihe ya dee egwu<ref name="Hardy Two" /> wee malite ime ihe nkiri n'otu obere ebe egwuregwu, ebe ọ na-akpọ egwu kwa Tọzde "n'ihu ndị lara ezumike nka".<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare">Quinonero, 2017, "«Un air de guitare..."</ref> N'oge a, ọ gara nyocha maka aha ndekọ [[Pathé-Marconi]] mgbe ọ hụrụ mgbasa ozi na ''[[France-Soir]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> A jụrụ ya, mana obi dị ya ụtọ na o dọtara uche ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo ogologo oge karịa ka ọ tụrụ anya ya.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> Obi gbakwara ya ume mgbe ọ nụrụ olu ya e tinyere na edekọ, nke o chere na ọ "adịghị mma ma dịkwa egwu karịa ka [ọ] tụrụ anya ya".<ref name="Hardy Two" /> == Ọrụ egwu == === 1961–1962: Mmalite ọrụ ya === Hardy gara [[Philips Records]], ebe a tụrụ aro ka ọ mụta ịkụ abụ nke ọma.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> Ọ sonyere ule nbata nke ''Le Petit Conservatoire de la chanson'' na 1961, ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nke a na-agbasa na redio na telivishọn.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /><ref name="INAfille">{{cite web |last=Dartois |first=Florence |date=29 March 2021 |title=1962, Françoise Hardy, jeune espoir du "Petit conservatoire" |trans-title=1962, Françoise Hardy, olileanya ọhụrụ nke "Petit Conservatoire" |url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire |access-date=21 May 2021 |publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]] |language=French}}</ref> Onye isi mmemme ahụ, [[Mireille Hartuch]], bụ onye a maara nke ọma maka ịhọrọ ndị sonyere nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ hụrụ Hardy ka ọ na-abanye n’ụlọ klas, ọ nabatara ya ozugbo ọbụna tupu ọ kpọọ egwu ma ọ bụ bụrụọ abụ.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> Ha mechara nwee mmekọrịta yiri nke nne na nwa nwanyị, yana ọbụbụenyi dabere n’ịkwanyere ibe ha ùgwù.<ref name="QuinoneroGuitare" /> N’ụbọchị 14 Mee 1961, Hardy sonyere ule nbata maka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu France [[Disques Vogue]].<ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Ọdịdị ya dọtara mmasị onye injinia ụda ha André Bernot, onye chere na ọ “ga-adị mma n’elu mkpuchi ndekọ egwu”, ma kwere nkwa ịkụziri ya tiori egwu iji meziwanye nghọta ya banyere oge na ụda egwu.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Bernot mechara dekọọ obere [[Demo (music)|demo]] nwere egwu anọ ya na ya, nke o nyefere onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ Jacques Wolfsohn.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Wolfsohn na-achọ nwanyị ga-abụ abụ ''Oh oh chéri'', ụdị French nke egwu "Uh Oh" nke [[Bobby Lee Trammell]] dere ma bụrụọ.<ref name="Hardy Two" /><ref name="QuinoneroVogue" /> Mgbe Hardy mechara ule nbata, Wolfsohn nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọrụ otu afọ,<ref name="Hardy Two" /> nke ọ bịanyere aka na ya n’ụbọchị 14 Novemba 1961.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue">Quinonero, 2017, "En Vogue"</ref> Mgbe Hartuch nụrụ banyere nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ Hardy, ọ kpọrọ ya ka ọ pụta na mmemme telivishọn ''Petit Conservatoire'' na 6 Febrụwarị 1962.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="petitfille">{{cite web |url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire/ |title=1962, Françoise Hardy, jeune espoir du "Petit conservatoire" |access-date=28 May 2021 |date=29 March 2021 |language=French |publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]] |first=Florence |last=Dartois |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215328/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1962-francoise-hardy-jeune-espoir-du-petit-conservatoire/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy jiri gita bụrụọ egwu mbụ ya dere onwe ya, ''La fille avec toi'', mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị a jụrụ ya ihe okwu Bekee ''yeah! yeah!'' dị n’abụ ya pụtara.<ref name="petitfille" /><ref name="Hardy Two" /> Mgbe e mesịrị, ntụgharịasụsụ ahụ bụ ''[[yé-yé]]'' ghọrọ okwu a ma ama site n’ọrụ onye ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya [[Edgar Morin]], n’isiokwu e bipụtara na ''[[Le Monde]]'' na 7 Julaị 1963, ebe ọ nyochara mmepe ngwa ngwa nke egwu pop ndị ntorobịa na-edu.<ref name="Briggs1425">Briggs, 2015, pp. 14–25</ref><ref name="QuinoneroTournee" /> Aha ''yé-yé'' sitere na mmemme redio ''[[Salut les copains (radio program)|Salut les copains]]'', nke [[Daniel Filipacchi]] kere, yana [[Salut les copains (magazine)|magazin]] nke otu aha ahụ.<ref name="Briggs1425" /><ref name="QuinoneroGarcon" /> === 1962–1963: Mmasị ''Yé-yé'' === '''Hardy na ''[[Grand Gala du Disque]]'' na Netherlands, Ọktoba 1963''' [[File:Francoise Hardy biedt prinses Margriet bloemen aan tijdens het Grand Gala du Dis, Bestanddeelnr 915-6257.jpg|thumb| Izute [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] na onye nchịkwa egwuregwu [[Jaap van Praag (football administrator)|Jaap van Praag]].]] [[File:Grand Gala du Disque populier in Kurhaus te Scheveningen Nummer 202122 Godfrie, Bestanddeelnr 915-6264.jpg|thumb|Ịnata [[Edison Award]] n’otu “Ndị Ntorobịa” n’aka odee na onye ama ama telivishọn [[Godfried Bomans]].]] Vogue wepụtara [[extended play]] (EP) mbụ Hardy na Mee 1962, nke gụnyere "''Oh oh chéri''" tinyere abụ ndị o dere n’onwe ya bụ "''Il est parti un jour''", "''J'suis d'accord''" na abụ ịhụnanya na-emetụ n’obi "''[[Tous les garçons et les filles]]''".<ref name="QuinoneroProjets">Quinonero, 2017, "''Des projets d'avenir''"</ref> N’isi Ọktoba, Hardy sere [[music video]] ojii na ọcha maka "''Tous les garçons et les filles''", nke Pierre Badel duziri ma gosipụta ya na mmemme telivishọn ''Toute la chanson''.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue"/> Abụ ahụ bụ nhọrọ Hardy, yana nke onye nrụpụta mmemme ahụ André Salvet, n’agbanyeghị na Wolfsohn enweghị mmasị ịkwalite ya.<ref name="QuinoneroVogue"/> A kpọbatara Hardy n’ihu ndị na-ekiri telivishọn ka ukwuu na 28 Ọktoba mgbe e gosipụtara vidio ahụ ọzọ n’oge ezumike mgbasa ozi n’etiti mgbasa nsonaazụ nke [[1962 French presidential election referendum|ntuli aka ntụgharị uche onye isi ala France nke 1962]].<ref name="linternaute">{{cite web |last=Dieu |first=Sarah |date=31 March 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy malade: ce que l'on sait sur sa santé |trans-title=Françoise Hardy na-arịa ọrịa: ihe a maara gbasara ahụike ya |url=https://www.linternaute.com/musique/biographie/1777696-francoise-hardy-malade-ce-que-l-on-sait-sur-sa-sante/ |access-date=10 May 2021 |publisher=L'Internaute |language=French}}</ref><ref name="abc">{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.es/cultura/musica/abci-francoise-hardy-nuevo-disco-201210300000_noticia.html |language=Spanish |access-date=11 May 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy: album ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ |last=de la Fuente |first=Manuel |date=21 October 2012 |work=ABC}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroElectre"/> Abụ ahụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama ngwa ngwa n’etiti ndị ntorobịa France, ọkachasị ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n’afọ iri na ụma, ma malitekwa ịkpọ ya ugboro ugboro n’ụlọ ọrụ redio, karịsịa na [[Europe n° 1]].<ref name="QuinoneroProjets"/> E mechakwara mee ka "''Tous les garçons et les filles''" bụrụ ihe a ma ama site na vidio [[Scopitone]] nke [[Claude Lelouch]] duziri.<ref name="QuinoneroElectre">Quinonero, 2017, "''Électre en ciré noir''"</ref> Vogue wepụtara ngwa ngwa EP abụọ ọzọ nke abụ Hardy. E mesịrị, a chịkọtara ha na EP mbụ ahụ wee bụrụ album studio mbụ ya, nke a maara dịka ''Tous les garçons et les filles''.<ref name="QuinoneroRois"/> Na France, a na-ele usoro [[LP record|LP]] anya n’oge ahụ dịka ihe a na-enyo enyo.<ref name="rsde">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.de/reviews/francoise-hardy-mon-amie-la-rose/ |language=German |title=Françoise Hardy: Mon amie la rose (Nyocha na Streaming) |last=Vetter |first=Marc |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=14 May 2021 |magazine=Rolling Stone |location=Germany}}</ref> N’ihi ya, album mbụ Hardy bụkarị nchịkọta nke [[7-inch record]] anọ a tọhapụrụ mbụ,<ref name="p4kreviews"/> usoro a maara dịka "super 45 [rpm]".<ref name="Hardy Two"/><ref name="QuinoneroRois"/> Ọtụtụ n’ime album ogologo ya enweghị aha pụrụ iche; naanị aha ya ka e dere n’elu mkpuchi, ma a na-akpọkarị ha site n’aha abụ kachasị ewu ewu dị na nchịkọta ahụ.<ref name="exclaim"/><ref name="QuinoneroQuestion">Quinonero, 2017, "«Question» mythique"</ref> Album studio mbụ Hardy nwetara ''Trophée de la Télévision'' yana onyinye a ma ama nke ''[[Grand Prix du Disque]]'' nke [[Académie Charles Cros]] na-enye.<ref name="QuinoneroRois">Quinonero, 2017, "«À vingt ans / On est les rois du monde»"</ref> Ka ọ na-erule mbido 1963, e rerela ndekọ 500,000 nke "''Tous les garçons et les filles''" na France,<ref name="QuinoneroFenetre"/> ma ọnụọgụ ahụ ruru nde 2.5 n’ime ọnwa ole na ole sochirinụ.<ref name="QuinoneroElectre"/> Abụ Hardy ndị bụ "''J'suis d'accord''", "''Le temps de l'amour''", na "''Tous les garçons...''" nọ n’elu chaatị abụ ndị kacha ere na France na ngwụcha 1962 na mbido 1963.<ref name="infodisc60s">{{cite web |last1=Lesueur |first1=Daniel |last2=Durand |first2=Dominic |year=2018 |title=Toutes les Chansons N° 1 des Années 60's |trans-title=Abụ niile rutere n’ọnọdụ mbụ n’afọ 1960s |url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Chanson_Number1_60.php |access-date=23 May 2021 |publisher=InfoDisc |language=French}}</ref> O binyere nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ afọ ise na Vogue yana nkwekọrịta na Editions Musicales Alpha, ụlọ ọrụ Wolfsohn guzobere.<ref name="QuinoneroElectre"/> O zutere [[:fr:Michel Bourdais|Michel Bourdais]], onye na-ese ihe na-emepụta atụmatụ nke [[Charles Aznavour]] chọpụtara n’oge na-adịbeghị anya,<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Richard Anthony (singer) |last=Anthony |first=Richard |title=Quand on choisit la liberté |isbn=978-2738226587 |publisher=Florent Massot |language=French |year=2010 |page=114}}</ref> onye kere ihe osise mbụ Françoise Hardy. Hardy, nke ihe osise ahụ masịrị nke ukwuu, zụtara ya.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Richard Anthony (singer) |last=Anthony |first=Richard |title=Quand on choisit la liberté |isbn=978-2738226587 |publisher=Florent Massot |language=French |year=2010 |page=115}}</ref> Na Maachị 1963, Hardy nọchitere anya [[Monaco]] na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]], nke e dere na [[London]]. O rụrụ abụ "''L'amour s'en va''", nke mechara bụrụ nke ise n’asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe e wepụtara ya dịka single, ọ ruru ọnọdụ nke ise na chaatị France na Juun 1963.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Billboard Hits of the World |magazine=Billboard |date=8 June 1963 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31 |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> Na Ọktoba, Hardy wepụtara album studio nke abụọ ya, ''[[Le premier bonheur du jour]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroTournee">Quinonero, 2017, "''La vie de tournée''"</ref> N’ọnwa ahụkwa, ọ natara [[Edison Award]] n’otu “Ndị Ntorobịa” na ''Grand Gala du Disque'' na Scheveningen, Netherlands.<ref name="QuinoneroRois" /> Onye odee [[Godfried Bomans]] nyere ya onyinye ahụ ma too ya dịka “onye nka nwere okike” nke maara otú e si wulite “usoro nke ya pụrụ iche n’enweghị iṅomi ndị America”.<ref name="QuinoneroRois" /> [[File:Francoise Hardy November 3 1963.png|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Hardy na-abata na [[Barcelona]] na 1963, ebe Luis Calvo, onye nduzi mba ụwa nke [[Hispavox]], nabatara ya]] Dị ka otu n’ime ndị isi nke mgbasa ''yé-yé'', Hardy ghọrọ otu n’ime ndị kacha pụta ìhè n’egwu France ma bụrụkwa nwanyị na-abụ abụ France kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa mba ọzọ.<ref name="rfi">{{cite web |url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/francoise-hardy/biography.html |title=Françoise Hardy – Biography |date=March 2013 |publisher=Radio France Internationale |access-date=27 October 2016 |accessdate=4 June 2026 |archivedate=30 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430034019/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/francoise-hardy/biography.html }}</ref> Malite na 1963, e bugara ndekọ ọhụrụ nke "''Tous les garçons et les filles''" a sụgharịrị n’asụsụ Italian, German na Bekee n’ahịa mba ndị ọzọ.<ref name="QuinoneroFenetre">Quinonero, 2017, "«LA FENÊTRE OUVERTE SUR LE MONDE... ne vaut pas celle fermée sur mon amour...»"</ref> Mba mbụ na-abụghị nke na-asụ French ebe Hardy nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma bụ Italy, ebe a kpọrọ abụ ahụ "''Quelli della mia età''" ma ree ndekọ 255,000. Ọ nọ n’elu chaatị single site na Eprel ruo Ọktoba, ma e wezụga n’etiti Julaị na Ọgọstụ mgbe [[Rita Pavone]] ji "Cuore" gafee ya.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez">Quinonero, 2017, "«Dans quel pays vous cachez-vous?»"</ref> Na ngwụcha oge ọkọchị na [[Milan]], Hardy dekọrọ abụ ọhụrụ<ref name="QuinoneroCachez"/> ndị e tinyere na album Italian ya ''[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]]''.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]] |author=Françoise Hardy |year=1963 |location=Italy |publisher=Disques Vogue |id=LPJ 5034 |type=LP record}}</ref> Single "''L'età dell'amore''" / "''E all'amore che penso''" ruru kwa n’elu chaatị Italy.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez"/> ===1964–1968: Ịghọ kpakpando a ma ama n’ụwa niile=== [[File:Francoise hardy 1964.jpg|left|thumb|258x258px|Hardy na 1964]] Na 1963, Hardy gara London ka ọ dekọọ egwu ọhụrụ.<ref name="mortality" /> N’oge [[British Invasion]] nọ n’elu ewu ewu ya, Hardy chọrọ ime ka ụdị egwu ya bụrụ nke oge a,<ref name="QuinoneroLondres">Quinonero, 2017, "«Des façons Londres de me promettre Corfou»"</ref> ya mere ọ kpebiri ịhapụ ogo adịghị mma nke ụlọ ndekọ na ndị injinia ụda France ma dekọọ egwu ya na ụlọ ọrụ [[Pye Records]].<ref name="Deluxe60">Deluxe, 2013. p. 60</ref> Mgbe ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye nrụpụta egwu [[Tony Hatch]] na Febrụwarị 1964, ọ dekọrọ EP nke gụnyere ụdị ọhụrụ nke "[[Catch a Falling Star]]" yana mmegharị atọ nke egwu ya ndị a ma ama: "Find Me a Boy" ("Tous les garçons et les filles"), "Only Friends" ("Ton meilleur ami"), na "I Wish It Were Me" ("J'aurais voulu").<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> Ndị na-ege egwu na England mbụ họọrọ egwu ya ndị e dere n’asụsụ French,<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> ebe "Tous les garçons et les filles" batara na [[UK Singles Chart]] na 1 Julaị 1964 n’ọnọdụ nke iri atọ na isii.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles/|title=Tous les garçons et les filles|access-date=29 May 2021|publisher=[[UK Singles Chart|Official Singles Chart]]|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213856/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles/|url-status=live}}</ref> Egwu ya nke Bekee nke 1965, "[[All Over the World (Françoise Hardy song)|All Over the World]]", ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na United Kingdom, rutere n’ime Top 20 ma nọrọ na chaatị ahụ izu iri na ise.<ref name="allovertheworld">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/all-over-the-world-mt0028665336|author-link=Richie Unterberger|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|title=All Over the World – Françoise Hardy|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515013212/https://www.allmusic.com/song/all-over-the-world-mt0028665336|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ gara nke ọma kwa na South Africa, Australia, na New Zealand,<ref name="QuinoneroLondres" /> nke mere ka o kwe omume ịbụ ndekọ egwu ya kacha ewu ewu n’etiti ndị na-asụ Bekee.<ref name="allovertheworld" /> Na 1965, Hardy gara New York iji bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ egwu na [[Kapp Records|Kapp]] maka nkesa ndekọ egwu ya na United States.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde">Quinonero, 2017, "«Dans le monde entier»"</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara albọm studio mbụ ya n’okpuru aha ''The "Yeh-Yeh" Girl From Paris!'' yana egwu otu "However Much", ụdị Bekee nke egwu e bipụtarala mbụ, "Et même...".<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> A tọhapụrụkwa albọm asụsụ German ''[[In Deutschland]]'', nke nwere egwu ise o dere n’onwe ya na nsụgharị German nke ụfọdụ egwu ya gara aga.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> Egwu kacha ewu ewu ya na Germany bụ "Frag' den Abendwind", nke nọrọ na chaatị egwu mba ahụ izu iri abụọ na anọ.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> [[File:Hardy in orange.png|thumb|209x209px|Hardy na 1966]] Na 12 Eprel 1966, Hardy so n’ime ndị na-eme ihe ngosi iri anọ na isii sonyere na foto otu nke [[Jean-Marie Périer]] sere maka ''Salut Les Copains''. Foto ahụ ghọrọ akara ngosi nke oge yé-yé ma mesịa bụrụ nke a maara na France dịka "foto nke narị afọ" (French: ''photo du siècle'').<ref name="linternaute" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Flückiger |first=Laurent |date=12 April 2016 |title=La "photo du siècle" a 50 ans |trans-title=The "photo of the century" is 50 years old. |url=https://www.lematin.ch/story/la-photo-du-siecle-a-50-ans-238515438548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512154919/https://www.lematin.ch/story/la-photo-du-siecle-a-50-ans-238515438548 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021 |work=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]] |language=French}}</ref> Malite na ngwụcha afọ 1967, Hardy soro ndụmọdụ Wolfsohn wee malite ịtọhapụ ndekọ egwu ya site n’ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya nke onwe ya, Asparagus, n’agbanyeghị na Vogue gara n’ihu na-ekesa ha.<ref name="QuinoneroSeptieme">Quinonero, 2017, "Septième album"</ref> O mechara kwaa ụta maka mkpebi ahụ, na-ekwu na 1999: "Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Vogue, Léon Cabat, sonyekwara na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta a, ma n’etiti ha, ha nwere ọtụtụ n’ime òkè ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Nke a kpatara ọtụtụ ikpe na esemokwu gbasara mmegbu na nrụgide.|source=Hardy, 1999}} <ref name="QuinoneroSeptieme" /> Albọm French nke asaa ya, ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...|Ma jeunesse fout le camp]]'', nke bụ nke mbụ e mepụtara n’okpuru Asparagus, pụtara na Nọvemba 1967.<ref name="QuinoneroSeptieme" /> Site na ndụmọdụ onye nrụpụta egwu Bekee Noel Rodgers, Hardy dekọrọ albọm Bekee nke abụọ ya n’oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1968. A maara albọm ahụ n’aha dị iche iche dịka ''[[En anglais]]'', ''The Second English Album'', ''Will You Love Me Tomorrow'', na ''Loving'', dabere na mba e bipụtara ya.<ref name="QuinoneroAnglais">Quinonero, 2017, "«En anglais»"</ref> Na 1968, Hardy wepụtara ụdị French nke egwu [[Vera Lynn]] "It Hurts to Say Goodbye", nke a kpọrọ "[[Comment te dire adieu]]", n’ime [[Comment te dire adieu (album)|albọm nke otu aha ahụ]]. [[Serge Gainsbourg]] dere okwu French nke egwu ahụ, ma ọ ghọrọ otu n’ime ọrụ ya kacha nwee ihe ịga nke ọma.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben |title=Françoise Hardy, French pop singer and fashion muse, dies aged 80 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066869250 |date=12 June 2024|website=The Guardian |access-date=19 July 2024|id={{ProQuest|3066869250}} }}</ref> ===1969–1976: Ntughari gaa n'ogo nka tozuru etozu=== [[File:Francoise Hardy (1969).jpg|left|thumb|254x254px|Hardy na Amsterdam, Disemba 1969]] N'afọ 1970, ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ahụ ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na [[Sonopresse]], nke bụ ngalaba nke [[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]].<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile">Quinonero, 2017, "Double changement de domicile"</ref> Ọ mekwara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta egwu ọhụrụ a kpọrọ Hypopotam ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta egwu nke ya nke a kpọrọ Kundalini.<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile" /> Hardy natara nnukwu ego n'ihu site na Sonopresse, nke nyere ya ohere ịkwado ọrụ ya n'onwe ya.<ref name="HardySeven" /> O mechara kọwaa oge a dịka "oge kacha nwee obi ụtọ" n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'egwu ya n'enweghị nnukwu njide sitere n'aka ndị ọzọ.<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile" /> Oge mgbanwe a n'ọrụ ya malitere site n'ịpụta ọtụtụ [[compilation album|album nchịkọta]] n'afọ 1970, gụnyere album French ''Françoise'', yana album studio ''[[One-Nine-Seven-Zero]]'', nke e dere n'asụsụ Bekee, na ''[[Träume]]'', nke ghọrọ album ikpeazụ ya n'asụsụ German.<ref name="QuinoneroDomicile" /> Album studio French mbụ e mepụtara n'okpuru Hypopotam bụ {{ill|Soleil (Françoise Hardy album)|lt=Soleil|fr|Soleil (album)|italic=yes}}, nke ewepụtara n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1970.<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /> Album ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ahazi egwu, gụnyere Bernard Estardy, [[Jean-Claude Vannier]], Jean-Pierre Sabar, [[Mick Jones (Foreigner guitarist)|Mick Jones]], [[Saint-Preux]], [[Simon Napier-Bell]], na Tommy Brown nke otu [[Nero and the Gladiators]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6768_franoise-hardy-soleil.html|author=Waltersmoke|language=French|access-date=31 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy – Soleil (1970)|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215203/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6768_franoise-hardy-soleil.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|author=Françoise Hardy|title=Soleil|location=France|year=1970|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 39.902|type=LP record}}</ref> N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1970, Hardy wepụtara otu egwu Italian nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke ikpeazụ ya, "Lungo il mare", nke Giuseppe Torrebruno, [[Luigi Albertelli]] na Donato Renzetti dere.<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /> Otu egwu a na nke sochirinụ, nke nwere nsụgharị Italian nke "Soleil" ("Sole ti amo") na "Le crabe" ("Il granchio"), enwebeghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /> Ọ deberekwa egwu n'asụsụ Spanish maka oge mbụ ya, maka otu egwu nwere nsụgharị Spanish nke "Soleil" ("Sol") na "J'ai coupé le téléphone" ("Corté el teléfono").<ref name="QuinoneroSoleil" /><ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Sol|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1970|type=7-inch single|location=Spain|publisher=[[Hispavox]]|id=H 609}}</ref> N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1971, Hardy wepụtara otu egwu nke onye na-ede ma na-abụ abụ [[Patrick Dewaere|Patrick Dewaere]] nke a kpọrọ "T'es pas poli", mgbe arụmọrụ ya na [[Café de la Gare]] dị na Paris masịrị ya nke ukwuu.<ref name="HardySeven" /><ref name="QuinoneroSoleil">Quinonero, 2017, "Soleil ou lune"</ref> Dewaere na Hardy sonyere ọnụ n'ọtụtụ mmemme telivishọn iji kwalite egwu ahụ, ma ọ naghị enweta ihe ịga nke ọma a tụrụ anya ya.<ref name="HardySeven" /> N'afọ 1970, Hardy zutere Tuca (Valeniza Zagni da Silva), onye Brazil na-abụ abụ ma na-akpọ guitar nke bi na Paris, ma ha ghọrọ ezigbo enyi.<ref name="HardySeven" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Blay |first=Milton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AA6FAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |title=Direto de Paris: coq au vin com feijoada |year= 2014 |publisher=Editora Contexto |isbn=9788572448543 |page=27 |language=pt |trans-title=Direct from Paris: coq au vin with feijoada}}</ref> Hardy mepụtara album ya na Tuca mgbe ọ gara [[Festival Internacional da Canção]] na [[Rio de Janeiro]] ma mata ma nwee mmasị n'egwu Brazil.<ref name="QuinoneroQuestion" /><ref name="HardySeven" /><ref name="telerama16" /> Nke a bụ oge mbụ n'ọrụ ya ka ya na onye ọzọ dere abụ rụkọrọ ọrụ tupu ha abanye n'ụlọ ndekọ egwu. O nwekwara ohere isonye n'ịhọrọ nhazi nke ụda violin na ngwa egwu ndị ọzọ.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Album ahụ, ''[[La question (album)|La question]]'', ewepụtara na 16 Ọktoba 1971,<ref name="Weiner 19">{{cite news |last=Weiner|first=Judith|date=25 October 1971|title=Interview |language=fr|newspaper=[[France-Soir]]|location=Paris|page=19}}</ref> ma kwalite ya site n'otu egwu "Le martien",<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Le martien|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1971|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.908}}</ref> "Même sous la pluie"<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Même sous la pluie|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1971|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.909}}</ref> na "Rêve".<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Rêve|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1972|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Sonopresse]]|id=HY 45.910}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nta akụkọ France toro album ahụ nke ukwuu,<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="vie">{{cite web |last=Lehoux |first=Valérie |date=27 April 2012 |title=La vie en musique de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.telerama.fr/musique/la-vie-en-musique-de-francoise-hardy,80734.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510192036/https://www.telerama.fr/musique/la-vie-en-musique-de-francoise-hardy,80734.php |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=11 May 2021 |work=[[Télérama]] |language=French}}</ref> ọ naghị enweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.<ref name="telerama16" /><ref name="Lesueur1938">Lesueur, 2015. p. 1938</ref> Mgbe ''La question'' dara n'ahịa, Hardy gbanwere ụzọ egwu ya ma kpọọ onye Britain na-ahazi egwu [[Tony Cox (record producer)|Tony Cox]] ka ọ mepụta album ya na-esote.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Album ahụ, nke a maara dịka ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', ''L'éclairage'', ma ọ bụ "Album Oroma" n'ihi mkpuchi ya, ewepụtara na Novemba 1972 ma kwalite ya site n'otu egwu "La berlue".<ref name="QuinoneroRouge" /> Mgbe arụchara ọrụ ahụ, Hardy na Cox dekọrọ album Bekee ''[[If You Listen]]'', nke nwere nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke ụfọdụ egwu America na Britain a na-amaghị nke ọma.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Mgbe nkwekọrịta Hardy na Sonopresse gwụsịrị, emebeghị ya ọhụrụ.<ref name="QuinoneroVI" /> Ihe dị ka afọ 1972, Hardy kpọrọ onye na-ede abụ na onye nrụpụta egwu [[Michel Berger]] ka ya na ya rụkọọ ọrụ mgbe ọrụ ya na [[Véronique Sanson]] masịrị ya nke ukwuu.<ref name="HardyEight" /><ref name="QuinoneroVI">Quinonero, 2017, "«TOUS CES MOTS QUI FONT PEUR QUAND ILS NE FONT PAS RIRE... [...] Je voudrais vous les dire / Et je voudrais les vivre...»"</ref> Berger dere abụ abụọ n'ime iri na abụọ dị na album ahụ, "[[Message personnel]]" na "Première rencontre".<ref name="HardyEight" /> N'agbanyeghị oge nnwere onwe nka ọ nwetara tupu ahụ, Hardy chọpụtara onwe ya ọzọ n'okpuru usoro ọrụ siri ike nke Berger, onye ọ kọwara mgbe e mesịrị dịka "nwoke na-eme ọsọ ọsọ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-eme, ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-echebara echiche, na ọtụtụ mmadụ ọ ga-ahụ".<ref name="QuinoneroBerger" /> Ndekọ album ahụ mere na Julaị 1973, obere oge mgbe Hardy mụsịrị nwa ya nwoke, [[Thomas Dutronc]].<ref name="HardyEight" /> Album ahụ, ''[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]'', ewepụtara n'afọ ahụ site na [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]],<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=[[Message personnel (album)|Message personnel]]|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1973|type=LP record|location=France|publisher=[[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]|id=56 019}}</ref> bụkwa nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'akụkụ ahịa na nyocha ndị nkatọ.<ref name="rfi" /> Egwu isi ya mere ka ọrụ Hardy laghachi n'elu ọzọ na France.<ref name="QuinoneroBerger">Quinonero, 2017, "Michel Berger, l'homme pressé"</ref> Hardy dere abụ iri nwere otu isiokwu jikọrọ ha ọnụ maka album ya na-esote,<ref name="HardyNine" /><ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> ebe enyi ya [[Catherine Lara]] tinyere egwu n'okwu ndị ahụ. Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na Jean-Pierre Castelain, Gérard Kawczynski, André Georget, na Michel Sivy.<ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> N'okpuru mmepụta [[Hughes de Courson]], album echiche (concept album) ''Entr'acte'' ewepụtara na Novemba 1974 ma kwalite ya site n'abụ "Ce soir", "Je te cherche", na "Il y a eu des nuits".<ref name="QuinoneroFaim">Quinonero, 2017, "«Il y a eu des nuits / Où je mourais de toi / Comme on meurt de faim...»"</ref> Album ahụ dara n'ahịa,<ref name="HardyTen" /> nke mere ka Hardy were ezumike n'ọrụ egwu iji tinyekwuo oge n'ịzụlite nwa ya. Ọ wepụtara naanị otu egwu abụọ n'afọ 1975–1976.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> Nke mbụ bụ egwu [[Jean-Michel Jarre]] dere, "Que vas-tu faire?", nke e jikọtara na "Le compte a rebours",<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Que vas-tu faire?|author=Françoise Hardy |year=1975|type=7-inch single|location=France|publisher=[[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]|id=16664}}</ref> mana ọ rere nke ọma nke ukwuu.<ref name="HardyTen" /><ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> Nke abụọ bụ "Femme parmi les femmes", egwu isi nke ihe nkiri [[Claude Lelouch]] ''Si c'était à refaire'', nke nwere okwu [[Pierre Barouh]] dere na egwu [[Francis Lai]] mepụtara.<ref name="QuinoneroFaim" /> Ihe dị ka afọ 1976, Berger kpọtụrụ Hardy ọzọ, chọrọ ka ọ sonye na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ọhụrụ ya, Apache. Hardy zitere ya abụ "Ton enfance", "Star", na "L'impasse".<ref name="HardyTen">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Ten"</ref> Berger tụrụ aro ka a wepụta album dabere na abụ ndị ahụ nke ga-enwe otu echiche jikọrọ ha ọnụ, mana Hardy jụrụ aro ahụ ma kama bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na [[Pathé-Marconi]].<ref name="QuinoneroYared">Quinonero, 2017, "Gabriel Yared, le gentil tyran"</ref> ===1977–1995: Ọrụ ya na Gabriel Yared na ezumike n’ọrụ=== [[File:Françoise Hardy05.JPG|thumb|upright|Hardy na Deauville, Normandy, Julaị 1992]] Maka ''Star'' nke afọ 1977, albọm mbụ ya e wepụtara n'okpuru Pathé-Marconi, Hardy kpọrọ [[Gabriel Yared]] ka ọ bụrụ onye nrụpụta na onye nhazi egwu.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> Albọm ahụ, nke a kọwara dịka “albọm ngwakọta”, nwere egwu isii Hardy dere yana abụ ndị [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[William Sheller]], Catherine Lara, [[Luc Plamondon]], Roland Vincent, na [[Michel Jonasz]] dere.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> Na mbido, mmekọrịta Hardy na Yared jupụtara na esemokwu.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> Edekọrọ ''Star'' n’ime ọnọdụ e ji nrụgide mara, nke mere ka e kpọọ Hardy aha “eze nwanyị oyi”.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="independent05" /> Dị ka Frédéric Quinonero si kwuo, “onye na-abụ abụ ahụ chere na ọ dị mkpa iwepụ nghọtahie ọ bụla, nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke mmetụta uche, tupu mmekọrịta ha ghọọ ezigbo ọbụbụenyi.”<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> ''Star'' ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa, mee ka Hardy laghachi n’ihu mgbasa ozi ma mee ka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị ntorobịa mara ọrụ ya.<ref name="rfi" /> N’agbanyeghị esemokwu dị n’etiti ha n’ụlọ ndekọ egwu, Hardy na Yared gara n’ihu ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ihe dị ka afọ isii ma dekọọ albọm ise ọnụ.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> N’afọ 1991, Hardy chetara ahụmahụ ya n’ọrụ ya na Yared: <blockquote> [Yared] na-achọsi ike n’ihe gbasara ọrụ ya... ma n’ọrụ ma n’enyi. Ọ nwere nnukwu mmetụta n’ahụ m. Albọm ise anyị mere ọnụ adịghị mfe... mana echere m na otu n’ime nnukwu ohere ndụ m bụ ịchọta onwe m ọzọ n’okpuru nduzi nke onye egwu nwere ogo dị otu a.<ref name="QuinoneroYared" /> </blockquote> Albọm sochirinụ nke Hardy n’afọ 1978, ''Musique saoûle'', gụnyere ihe ndị [[Gabriel Yared]], Alain Goldstein na Michel Jonasz dere.<ref>{{cite AV media|type=LP record|location=France|title=Musique saoûle|publisher=[[Pathé-Marconi]]|id=2C 070-14697|year=1978|author=Françoise Hardy}}</ref> Albọm ahụ gbanwere ntụziaka egwu Hardy gaa n’ụdị egwu a pụrụ ịgba egwu karịa, ma nweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa, nke ewu ewu nke egwu mbụ ya bụ “J'écoute de la musique saoûle”, karịsịa ụdị ya e mezigharịrị ogologo oge nyere aka.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> A kwalitere ''Musique saoûle'' site n’ịpụta Hardy na mmemme telivishọn ebe a na-ahụ ya ka ọ na-eme egwu ahụ n’ụzọ a kọwara dịka nke na-adịghị adị ya mfe n’etiti igwe mmadụ na-agba egwú.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> N’afọ 1980, Yared na onye ọrụ ibe ya Bernard Ilous nyere albọm ọzọ ya, ''Gin Tonic'', ụdị azụmahịa ka ukwuu.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> Ihe mkpuchi albọm ahụ, nke onye ọrụ ibe magazin ''Façade'' sere, bụ magazin French e kere n’usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Influence'' nke [[Andy Warhol]], gosipụtara Hardy dịka onye oge a nke ukwuu.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> A kwalitere ''Gin Tonic'' site na abụ ndị “Jazzy rétro Satanas” na “Juke-box”.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> Albọm ọzọ Hardy, ''À suivre'', pụtara na Eprel 1981 n'okpuru akara Flarenasch, nke mebiri nkwekọrịta ya na Pathé-Marconi.<ref name="QuinoneroMariage" /> Albọm ahụ wetara ndị ọrụ ibe ọhụrụ, ebe Yared kpọrọ ndị dere egwu dịka [[Louis Chedid]], Pierre Groscolas, Jean-Claude Vannier, [[Michel Bernholc]], Daniel Perreau, Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, na [[Étienne Roda-Gil]].<ref name="QuinoneroMariage" /> A kwalitere ''À suivre'' site na abụ ndị “Tamalou” na “Villégiature”.<ref name="QuinoneroMariage" /> Albọm sochirinụ, ''Quelqu'un qui s'en va'', pụtara n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1981 ma nwee ihe mkpuchi albọm nke [[Serge Gainsbourg]] sere foto ya.<ref name="QuinoneroSortie">Quinonero, 2017, "Fausse sortie"</ref> ''Décalages'', nke e wepụtara na 2 Mee 1988,<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages" /> ka a kpọsara dịka albọm ikpeazụ Hardy. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa ma nweta asambodo [[Gold disc|ọlaedo]] maka ire puku narị otu (100,000) nkeji.<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages">Hardy, 2017, "Décalages et dérapages"</ref> N’afọ 1990, Hardy dere abụ "[[Fais-moi une place]]" maka [[Julien Clerc]], a kpọnyekwara ya n’albọm ya nke nwere otu aha ahụ.<ref name="linternaute" /> Hardy laghachiri n’ọrụ egwu ya n’afọ ndị 1990 mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na [[Virgin Records]] na Disemba 1994.<ref name="linternaute" /> N’afọ 1995, Hardy rụkọrọ ọrụ na otu egwu Bekee [[Blur (band)|Blur]] maka ụdị French nke "[[To the End (Blur song)|To the End]]", nke e dekọrọ na [[Abbey Road Studios]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5sI04YpV3QC&pg=PA197|page=197|title=Abbey Road: The Best Studio in the World|access-date=13 May 2021|first=Alistair|last=Lawrence|year=2012|isbn=978-1608199990|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5sI04YpV3QC&pg=PA197#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> E tinyere ya dịka [[B-side]] nke egwu otu ahụ bụ "[[Country House (Blur song)|Country House]]".<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Blur's Country House|author=[[Blur (band)|Blur]]|type=CD single|location=United Kingdom|id=7243 8 82338 2 8|publisher=[[Parlophone]]|year=1995}}</ref> === 1996–2021: Albọm ikpeazụ na ịla ezumike nka === N'afọ 1997, Hardy so ndị otu French abụọ ahụ, [[Air (French band)|Air]], rụọkọ ọrụ na egwu "Jeanne", nke bụ [[B-side]] dị na maxi-single ha bụ "[[Sexy Boy (Air song)|Sexy Boy]]".<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Sexy Boy|author=[[Air (French band)|Air]]|type=CD single|location=United States|id=CAR 6645-2|publisher=[[Caroline Records]]|year=1997}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, Hardy natara ihe nrite ''Female Artist of the Year'' maka albọm ya ''Tant de belles choses'' na emume [[Victoires de la Musique]]. N'afọ 2006, ọ natara ihe nrite [[Grande médaille de la chanson française]], nke [[Académie Française]] na-enye iji kwanyere ugwu ọrụ ya n’egwu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.academie-francaise.fr/grande-medaille-de-la-chanson-francaise|title=Grande médaille de la chanson française|language=French|publisher=[[Académie Française]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512153720/https://www.academie-francaise.fr/grande-medaille-de-la-chanson-francaise|url-status=live}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Hardy mere emume ncheta afọ iri ise (50) ya n’ọrụ egwu site n’ịpụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na albọm ọhụrụ, ha abụọ nwere aha ''[[L'Amour fou (album)|L'Amour fou]]''.<ref name=lefou/> Mgbe a chọpụtara na ọ nwere [[laryngeal cancer]], onye na-agụ egwú ahụ kwupụtara na ''L'Amour fou'' ga-abụ albọm ikpeazụ ya, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ise gachara, ọ laghachiri na mwepụta albọm ''[[Personne d'autre]]'' n'afọ 2018.<ref name=faroutmag>Far Out Staff [http://faroutmagazine.co.uk/francoise-hardy-to-release-new-studio-album-personne-dautre/ Françoise Hardy to release new studio album "Personne d'autre"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103132318/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/francoise-hardy-to-release-new-studio-album-personne-dautre/ |date=3 November 2023 }}, ''Far Out Magazine'', Retrieved on 7 May 2018.</ref> N’ọnwa Maachị 2021, Hardy kwupụtara na ọ pụghịzi ịbụ abụ n’ihi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kansa ya kpatara.<ref name="parismatch21">{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-Mes-chansons-m-aidaient-a-supporter-mes-douleurs-1731052|language=French|access-date=22 May 2021|work=[[Paris Match]]|title=Françoise Hardy : "Mes chansons m'aidaient à supporter mes douleurs"|date=28 March 2021|first=Benjamin|last=Locoge|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213815/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-Mes-chansons-m-aidaient-a-supporter-mes-douleurs-1731052|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri== [[File:Francoise hardy grand prix (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Hardy na-eme ihe dị ka Lisa n’ihe nkiri 1966 ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'']] Hardy sonyere n’ọrụ ihe nkiri, ma ọ naghị etinye onwe ya n’ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka ọrụ siri ike, ọ chọkwara ime ya otú ahụ.<ref name="HardyThree" /><ref name="montanes">{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/culturas/libros/francoise-hardy-sentia-20170826153636-nt.html|language=Spanish|access-date=12 May 2021|title="Françoise Hardy sentía amor por la música pero no por exponer su intimidad"|date=27 August 2017|last=González Ruiz|first=Pilar|work=[[El Diario Montañés]]|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123102532/https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/culturas/libros/francoise-hardy-sentia-20170826153636-nt.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ nabatara ọrụ ime ihe nkiri e nyere ya n’afọ ndị 1960 n’enweghị nnukwu mmasị, dịka ndụmọdụ [[Jean-Marie Périer]] si dị.<ref name="HardyThree" /> Ọ bụ ezie na echiche ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị nduzi ihe nkiri a ma ama masịrị ya, ọ ka họọrọ egwu karịa sinima.<ref name="nytimes" /> N’afọ 1963, Hardy mere mpụta mbụ ya n’ihe nkiri dịka Ophelia n’ihe nkiri [[Roger Vadim]] ''[[Château en Suède]]''.<ref name="HardyThree">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Three"</ref><ref name="Deluxe58">Deluxe, 2013. p. 58</ref> Tupu ekenye ya ọrụ ahụ, Vadim nwara ikike ime ihe nkiri Hardy site n’ịdu ya ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya [[Cécile de Roggendorf]] dere nye [[Giacomo Casanova]].<ref name="QuinoneroActress">Quinonero, 2017, "Actrice malgré elle"</ref> N’oge a na-emepụta ''Château en Suède'', Vadim kpọrọ Hardy asị n’ihi “enweghị mmasị ya na-enweghị njedebe”, nke ghọrọ “mbido egwu ya banyere oge a na-eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri n’ozuzu ya”.<ref name="Deluxe60" /> Dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi ihe nkiri ahụ, Hardy gara [[Cannes Film Festival]], ebe ọ yi uwe mkpuchi ojii nke [[Pierre Cardin]] chepụtara.<ref name="QuinoneroActress" /> Mgbe o mechara obere mpụta ([[cameo appearance]]) na ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]'',<ref name="Deluxe60" /> Hardy nwetara ọrụ n’ihe nkiri [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]] nke 1966 ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart|Une balle au cœur]]'', nke e sere n’otu agwaetiti dịpụrụ adịpụ na Gris.<ref name="HardyThree" /> Ahụmahụ ahụ amasịghị ya, ma o kwuru, “mgbe ụbọchị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ gachara, aghọtara m na onye nduzi ahụ adịghị mma ma ihe nkiri ya bụ ọdịda.”<ref name="HardyThree" /> N’ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma ya n’ọrụ egwu na Italy, Hardy pụtara dịka onye na-eme egwu n’ihe nkiri ''[[musicarelli]]'', gụnyere ''I ragazzi dell'Hully Gully'' (1964),<ref name="ragazzi">{{Cite book|title=La canzone italiana del Novecento|last=Baldazzi|first=Gianfranco|language=Italian|page=306|publisher=[[Newton Compton Editori]]|year=1989}}</ref> ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone]]'' (1965),<ref name="questo">{{cite journal|title=Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone|year=1966|volume=27|language=Italian|page=55|journal=Bianco e Nero|publisher=[[Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia]]|location=Italy}}</ref> ''[[Altissima pressione]]'' (1965), na ''Europa canta'' (1965).<ref name="larkin">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0195313734|editor-first=Colin|editor-last=Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo0007unse_i0g6/page/132 132]}}</ref> Ọ pụtakwara na mmemme telivishọn pụrụ iche nke 1968 ''[[Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose]]'', nke [[Grace Kelly]] bụ onye na-elekọta ya.<ref name="larkin" /> Onye nduzi America [[John Frankenheimer]] hụrụ Hardy ka ọ na-apụ n’otu ụlọ oriri abalị dị na London ma chee na ọ ga-adabara nke ọma n’ihe nkiri [[Formula One]] ya ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'' (1966).<ref name="HardyFour">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Four"</ref> N’agbanyeghị na ọ ka enweghị mmasị n’ọrụ ime ihe nkiri dịka ọrụ ndụ, Hardy nabatara ọrụ ahụ n’ihi na a na-akwụ ya ezigbo ụgwọ.<ref name="QuioneroCineaste">Quinonero, 2017, "Pour la «beauté renversante» d'un cinéaste"</ref> Ọ pụtakwara obere oge na ihe nkiri [[Jean-Luc Godard]] nke 1966 ''[[Masculin féminin]]'', ebe ọ yi uwe zuru ezu nke [[André Courrèges]] chepụtara.<ref name="godard">{{cite web|url=https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/paris-refashioned/masculin-feminin-and-french-youth-fashion/|access-date=12 May 2021|title=Masculin féminin and French Youth Fashion|date=3 March 2017|publisher=The Museum at FIT. [[Fashion Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512182356/https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/paris-refashioned/masculin-feminin-and-french-youth-fashion/|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 1969, ọ bụ kpakpando n’ihe nkiri telivishọn ''L'homme qui venait du Cher'' tinyere [[Eddy Mitchell]].<ref name="cher">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0EWr7ye9XEC&pg=PT126|language=French|access-date=12 May 2021|title=Il faut rentrer maintenant|author-link=Eddy Mitchell|last1=Mitchell|first1=Eddy|last2=Varrod|first2=Didier|year=2012|publisher=[[La Martinière Groupe|Editions de la Martinière]]|isbn=978-2732451473|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072147/https://books.google.com/books?id=k0EWr7ye9XEC&pg=PT126#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ ndị 1970, ọ mere obere mpụta n’ihe nkiri [[Jean-Claude Lord]] ''[[The Doves (film)|The Doves]] (Les Colombes)'' (1972)<ref name="colombes" /> na nke [[Claude Lelouch]] ''[[If I Had to Do It All Over Again]] (Si c'était à refaire)'' (1976).<ref name="QuinoneroFilmography" /> ==Ọrụ ya n’ihe gbasara ịgụ kpakpando (Astrology)== :Ekwenyere m na sayensị mmadụ a na-enye naanị ozi banyere otu n’ime ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ndụ anyị, ya bụ nke jikọtara na usoro na mgbagharị nke usoro mbara igwe anyị. Ọ na-enyere anyị naanị ịghọta ebe anyị nọ ma mata nke ọma usoro dị iche iche nke mmepe anyị, nke dabere n’ọtụtụ ihe karịrị naanị okirikiri na nhazi nke mbara ala, ma ọ bụghịkwa mgbe niile ka a pụrụ ịkọwa ya dịka ihe omume ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ pụrụ iche. — Hardy banyere enweghị ntụkwasị obi ya n’ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ kpakpando nọ na n’ebe “ịgụ kpakpando amụma” nọ, 2008.<ref name="HardySix" /> Hardy mekwara ọrụ dịka onye na-agụ kpakpando ([[astrologer]]), ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na edemede gbasara isiokwu ahụ. Ọ sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche a na-akpọ “conditionalist”, nke [[Jean-Pierre Nicola]] kọwara n’akwụkwọ ya nke 1964, ''La condition solaire'', nke kwuru na ịgụ kpakpando abụghị usoro [[divination|ịkọ amụma]], kama na a ga-eji ya tụlee ihe ndị ọzọ dịka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, agụmakwụkwọ, na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na omenala.<ref name="HardyAtrologia">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtAwDwAAQBAJ|access-date=6 May 2021|last=Hardy|first=Françoise|author-link=Françoise Hardy|trans-title=La astrología universal|title=L'astrologie universelle|orig-year=1987|type=eBook|year=2007|isbn=978-8431535810|language=Spanish|location=Barcelona|publisher=De Vecchi Ediciones|chapter=Introducción|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010044/https://books.google.com/books?id=RtAwDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lcMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|pages=103–104|language=French|access-date=10 May 2021|title=L'astrologie: le grand voyage en soi et dans l'avenir|first=Yves|last=Lenoble|year=2020|publisher=BoD|isbn=978-2382580141|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010049/https://books.google.com/books?id=0lcMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy malitere inwe mmasị n’ịgụ kpakpando mgbe ọ gara hụ onye na-agụ kpakpando André Barbault n’etiti afọ 1960 ndị ahụ.<ref name="HardySix">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Six"</ref> Ọ gara ọmụmụ ọha na eze, mụtara otu esi arụpụta [[birth chart|chaatị ọmụmụ]], ma gụọ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ pụrụ iche tupu ya ezute Catherine Aubier, onye tụrụ aro ka Hardy mụta n’aka onye nkụzi ya.<ref name="HardySix" /> Madame Godefroy kụziri Hardy ịgụ kpakpando ọdịnala ruo afọ abụọ na Paris.<ref name="HardySix" /> Ọ ghọrọ onye raara onwe ya nye nke ukwuu n’ọrụ a mgbe ọ zutere Nicola n’afọ 1974, onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke magazin ọhụrụ ọ na-arụpụta.<ref name="HardySix" /> Onye ọbụ abụ ahụ kọwara Nicola dịka “onye na-agụ kpakpando kacha mma n’ụwa”<ref name="clash">{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed|access-date=6 May 2021|date=23 April 2018|first=Hayley|last=Scott|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|title=Another Person: Françoise Hardy Interviewed|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506054623/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=6 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506054623/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/another-person-fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-interviewed}}</ref> ma dee, sị: “Ọ bụ ya mere ka m ghọta ịgụ kpakpando n’ụzọ nwere ọgụgụ isi ma kụziere m otu esi eji ya nke ọma n’akụkụ ya.”<ref name="HardySix" /> Ewezuga ịgụ kpakpando, [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] kụzikwaara Hardy otu esi agụ [[Tarot of Marseilles]].<ref name="HardyTwelve">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Twelve"</ref> Dị ka ihe na-akwado ọmụmụ ya banyere ịgụ kpakpando, ọ gara ọmụmụ nke [[graphologist]] Germaine Tripier, onye bụ onye isi nke French Society of Graphology.<ref name="HardyTwelve" /> N’etiti oge ndekọ egwu maka album ya ''Gin Tonic'' na 1979, Hardy rụkọrọ ọrụ n’usoro akwụkwọ gbasara akara zodiac nke Tchou Editions bipụtara, ma sonye n’ide akwụkwọ banyere [[Virgo (astrology)|Virgo]]<ref name="HardyEleven">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Eleven"</ref> ya na onye ọzọ na-agụ kpakpando, Béatrice Guénin.<ref name="HardyEleven" /> Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na magazin ''Quinze Ans''.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic" /> N’ọgwụgwụ afọ 1980, Pierre Lescure nke ụlọ mgbasa ozi redio [[RMC (France)|RMC]] kpọrọ Hardy ka ọ na-enye horoscope kwa ụbọchị na mmemme kwa izu.<ref name="HardyEleven" /> N’afọ 1982, Hardy malitere usoro mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ kwa izu a kpọrọ ''Entre les lignes, entre les signes'', nke ọ na-ajụ ndị ama ama n’ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ n’egwu ajụjụ dabere na chaatị ọmụmụ ha, ebe graphologist Anne-Marie Simmond, onye Hardy mụtara n’aka ya, na-emepụta nkọwa gbasara àgwà ha site n’aka ha dere.<ref name="HardyTwelve" /> E bipụtara nchịkọta ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ahụ na profaịlụ ndị ahụ site na RMC na 1986.<ref>{{cite book|title=Entre les lignes, entre les signes|url=https://archive.org/details/entreleslignesen0000hard|author-link=Françoise Hardy|last1=Hardy|first1=Françoise|last2=Simmond|first2=Annne-Marie|language=French|publisher=[[RMC (France)|RMC Edition]]|year=1986|location=France|isbn=978-2868550064}}</ref><ref name="independent05" /> N’afọ 1990, Hardy gara n’ihu n’ọrụ ya banyere ịgụ kpakpando site n’ide akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Switzerland ''[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]'' ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụ maka akụkụ kwa izu n’usoro ihe omume [[Thierry Ardisson]] a kpọrọ ''Télé Zèbre'' na [[Antenne 2]].<ref name="QuinoneroPour">Quinonero, 2017, "Là pour personne ?"</ref> Na 7 Mee 2003, Hardy bipụtara ''Les rythmes du zodiaque'', akwụkwọ o were ihe karịrị afọ abụọ dee, nke o kwuru na ebumnuche ya bụ “akwụkwọ ga-enye m ohere itinye obere onyinye m n’ịgụ kpakpando nke oge a.”<ref name="HardyEighteen">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Eighteen"</ref> == Ọrụ ide akwụkwọ == N’afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Hardy ghọrọ onye odee akwụkwọ [[akụkọ ifo]] na akwụkwọ [[na-abụghị akụkọ ifo]]. O dekwara akụkọ ndụ ya, ''Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles (Nkụda Mmụọ Ndị Enwe... na Ihe Ndị Ọzọ Na-adịghị Mkpa)'', nke e bipụtara na 9 Ọktoba 2008. A rere akwụkwọ ahụ ihe ruru mkpụrụ 250,000 ma bụrụ [[bestseller]] na France.<ref name="ledevoir12">{{cite web |last=Cormier |first=Sylvain |date=17 November 2012 |title=Françoise Hardy, d'amour dévorée, d'amour nourrie |trans-title=Françoise Hardy, ịhụnanya riri ya, ịhụnanya zụlitere ya |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/musique/364069/francoise-hardy-d-amour-devoree-d-amour-nourrie |access-date=12 May 2021 |work=[[Le Devoir]] |language=French}}</ref> E mechara tụgharịa akwụkwọ ahụ n’asụsụ Spanish ma ụlọ mbipụta akwụkwọ nnwere onwe Expediciones Polares nke dị na [[San Sebastián]] bipụta ya n’afọ 2017.<ref name="simios">{{cite web|language=Spanish|url=https://www.efeeme.com/la-desesperacion-de-los-simios-y-otras-bagatelas-de-francoise-hardy/|date=14 March 2017|access-date=21 May 2021|first=Javier|last=De Castro|title="La desesperación de los simios... y otras bagatelas", de Françoise Hardy|publisher=Efe Eme|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613114902/https://www.efeeme.com/la-desesperacion-de-los-simios-y-otras-bagatelas-de-francoise-hardy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mbipụta Bekee nke Jon E. Graham tụgharịrị ka [[Feral House]] bipụtara na 2018.<ref name="monkeyreview">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/28/despair-of-monkeys-other-trifles-francoise-hardy-review|date=28 July 2018|access-date=12 May 2021|first=Anthony|last=Quinn|title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles review – Françoise Hardy's memoir|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012534/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/28/despair-of-monkeys-other-trifles-francoise-hardy-review|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Françoise Hardy 2012 c.jpg|thumb|left|Hardy na-ewebata akwụkwọ [[novel]] mbụ ya ''L'amour fou'' na Paris, Novemba 2012]] N’afọ 2012, Hardy bipụtara [[novel]] mbụ ya, ''L'amour fou'', n’ụlọ mbipụta [[Éditions Albin Michel]]. E wepụtara ya n’otu oge ahụ na album egwu nwere otu aha ahụ.<ref name="lapresse">{{cite news|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/entrevues/201211/21/01-4596063-francoise-hardy-comment-tecrire-adieu.php|title=Françoise Hardy : comment t'écrire adieu...|access-date=21 May 2021|work=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|language=French|first=Marie-Christine|last=Blais|date=21 November 2012|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521044417/https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/entrevues/201211/21/01-4596063-francoise-hardy-comment-tecrire-adieu.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ malitere ide akụkọ ahụ, nke gbasara mmekọrịta ịhụnanya jupụtara n’ịrapara n’ahụ mmadụ nke ukwuu, ihe dị ka afọ iri atọ tupu ahụ,<ref name="lapresse" /> mana o debere akwụkwọ edemede ahụ n’akụkụ ma enweghị atụmatụ ibipụta ya. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya gbara ya ume ka o mee ya, ma ọ kwetara mgbe enyi ya Jean-Marie Périer kwadoro ya.<ref name="avisfigaro">{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2012/11/09/03006-20121109ARTFIG00244-francoise-hardy-je-suis-une-angoissee.php|title=Françoise Hardy : " Je suis une angoissée "|access-date=21 May 2021|work=[[Le Figaro]]|first1=Pierre|last1=De Boishue|last2=Nuc|first2=Olivier|date=9 November 2012|language=French|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521051421/https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2012/11/09/03006-20121109ARTFIG00244-francoise-hardy-je-suis-une-angoissee.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy chere na ọ dabara adaba ibipụta akwụkwọ ahụ iji mee emume afọ iri ise nke ọrụ egwu ya, ebe ọ kọwara ya dịka “akụkọ nke ghọrọ isi mmalite ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ abụ m niile kemgbe mmalite.”<ref name="avisfigaro" /> N’afọ 2013, ụlọ mbipụta Edizioni Clichy nke dị na [[Florence]] bipụtara ụdị Italian nke akwụkwọ ahụ.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=978-8867990214|year=2013|orig-year=2012|trans-title=L'amour fou|language=Italian|location=Florence|publisher=Edizioni Clichy|title=L'amore folle|author-link=Françoise Hardy|first=Françoise|last=Hardy|translator-last1=Conti|translator-first1=Antonella}}</ref> Mgbe album ''La pluie sans parapluie'' na ''L'Amour fou'' rere ahịa nke ọma adịghị, Hardy kpebiri ịhapụ egwu ntakịrị ma tinye uche ya n’ide akwụkwọ.<ref name="avisnon">{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Musique/Message-personnel-de-Francoise-Hardy-720438|access-date=21 May 2021|language=French|work=[[Paris Match]]|date=3 August 2015|title=Message personnel de Françoise Hardy|first=Marie-France|last=Chatrier|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043114/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Musique/Message-personnel-de-Francoise-Hardy-720438|url-status=live}}</ref> Nke a butere [[essay]] ''Avis non autorisés'' ''(Echiche E Nyeghị Ikike)'', nke e bipụtara na 2015 site n’ụlọ mbipụta [[Éditions des Équateurs]], ebe ọ kọwara nsogbu ndị mmadụ na-eche ihu mgbe ha na-eru [[ịka nká]].<ref name="avisnon" /><ref name="avispoint">{{cite web |last=Mirande |first=Jean-Noël |date=3 April 2015 |title=Les vérités nues de Françoise Hardy |trans-title=Eziokwu doro anya nke Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-verites-nues-de-francoise-hardy-04-03-2015-1909777_3.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043115/https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-verites-nues-de-francoise-hardy-04-03-2015-1909777_3.php |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[Le Point]] |language=French}}</ref> N’akwụkwọ a, o kesakwara echiche ya banyere ihe ndị na-eme ugbu a n’ụwa, nke ọtụtụ ndị kpọrọ echiche “na-adịghị agbaso [[Political correctness|izi ezi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]].”<ref name="avisnon" /> ''Avis non autorisés'' ghọrọ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’ahịa akwụkwọ.<ref name="figaroavis" /> Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara ''Un cadeau du ciel (Onyinye Si N’Eluigwe)'', ebe ọ tụlere ahụmahụ ya n’ụlọ ọgwụ na Maachị 2015 n’ihi ọrịa kansa, oge ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.<ref name="figaroavis">{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2016/10/17/03005-20161017ARTFIG00258-francoise-hardy-se-livre-sur-sa-maladie.php|language=French|access-date=12 May 2021|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=17 October 2016|title=Françoise Hardy se livre sur sa maladie|first=Mohammed|last=Aïssaoui|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072217/https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2016/10/17/03005-20161017ARTFIG00258-francoise-hardy-se-livre-sur-sa-maladie.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Ná mbido afọ ndị 2020, mgbe ọ naghịzi enwe ike ịga n’ihu na-abụ abụ ma kwuo na ọ “nweghị ihe ọzọ ọ ga-eme”, Hardy tinyere oge ya n’ịchịkọta [[song book]], ''Chansons sur toi et nous'', nchịkọta nke okwu abụ ya niile tinyere nkọwa ya. E bipụtara ''Chansons sur toi et nous'' n’afọ 2021 site n’ụlọ mbipụta Éditions des Équateurs.<ref name="ledevoir21" /> ==Ọrụ nka== ===Ụdị egwu=== :Ihe kpaliri m ide egwu m bụ, n'otu akụkụ, nchegbu m. N'ọtụtụ egwu, ekwuwo m egwu m nke ịghara ịrụ ọrụ ahụ na nke ịhapụ m gakwuru onye ọzọ ''a priori'' otu puku ugboro na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-adọrọ adọrọ karịa m. Egwu nke na-abụghị nke na-enweghị isi... — Hardy, ''[[L'Express]]'', 2013.<ref name="anxiety">{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/psycho/l-anxiete-pour-francoise-hardy-j-y-puise-en-partie-mon-inspiration_1251314.html|title=L'anxiété pour Françoise Hardy: "J'y puise en partie mon inspiration"|language=French|work=[[L'Express]]|first1=Delphine|last1=Peras|first2=Marion|last2=Guérin|first3=Christophe|last3=Carrière|date=23 May 2013|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072144/https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/bien-etre/psycho/l-anxiete-pour-francoise-hardy-j-y-puise-en-partie-mon-inspiration_1251314.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na egwu Hardy kpuchiri ọtụtụ [[ụdị egwu|ụdị egwu]], o jisiri ike nwee ụda pụrụ iche site na mmalite ọrụ ya<ref name="glide">{{cite web|url=https://glidemagazine.com/152060/french-songstress-francoise-hardy-gets-reissue-treatment-album-review/|title=French Songstress Françoise Hardy Gets Reissue Treatment (ALBUM REVIEW)|last=Ferguson|first=Maeri|work=Glide Magazine |date=13 November 2015|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515073447/https://glidemagazine.com/152060/french-songstress-francoise-hardy-gets-reissue-treatment-album-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> which was defined by breathy [[alto]] vocals<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|access-date=6 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy|last=Jurek|first=Thom|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-mn0000186594/biography|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122007/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fran%C3%A7oise-hardy-mn0000186594/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> na ihe na-amasịkarị abụ ndị na-eme ka obi daa mba.<ref name="popmatters">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/francoise-hardy-essay-2569397045.html|access-date=10 May 2021|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|title=Capricorn vs. Cancer: The Story of French Singer-songwriter Françoise Hardy|date=17 May 2018|last=Marie|first=Brett|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510175417/https://www.popmatters.com/francoise-hardy-essay-2569397045.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroTete">Quinonero, 2017, "« es chansons plein la tête»"</ref> Basile Farkas nke ''[[Rock & Folk]]'' kọwara ya dị ka "eze nwanyị nke mwute",<ref name="rocknfolk">{{cite web|url=https://www.rocknfolk.com/interview/francoise-hardy-les-guitares-electriques-planantes-cest-ce-dont-jai-reve-toute-ma-vie/4087|language=French|access-date=15 May 2021|last=Farkas|first=Basile|date=20 May 2018|work=[[Rock & Folk]]|title=Les guitares électriques planantes, c'est ce dont j'ai rêvé toute ma vie|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516062953/https://www.rocknfolk.com/interview/francoise-hardy-les-guitares-electriques-planantes-cest-ce-dont-jai-reve-toute-ma-vie/4087|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy n'onwe ya kwuru na 2012: "N'egwu, ihe kacha amasị m bụ egwu dị nwayọ na nke mwute... Ọ bụghị n'ụzọ na-ada ada, kama n'ụzọ na-ebuli elu... M ka na-achọ ịhụ egwu na-agbawa obi nke ga-eme ka anya mmiri gbaa m. Egwu nke àgwà ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị nsọ."<ref name="QuinoneroTete" /> Cosette Schulz nke ''[[Exclaim!]]'' kọwara ya dị ka "ọkachamara n'ịmepụta egwu dị mfe mana mara mma".<ref name="exclaim" /> Ndị edemede ejirila egwu Hardy tụnyere nke onye na-abụ abụ Bekee [[Marianne Faithfull]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm5OCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Brit Girls of the Sixties Volume Two: Marianne Faithfull & Kathy Kirby|first=David|last=Bret|author-link=David Bret|year=2014|isbn=978-1291801408|publisher=[[Lulu.com]]}}</ref> N'ịtụnyere ndị ọbụ abụ abụọ ahụ, Keith Altham nke ''[[The Guardian]]'' dere na 2014: "Ha abụọ na-abụ abụ mwute n'ụdị dị mfe nke ndị mmadụ. Ha abụọ nwere otu mmasị ahụ dịka ihere, iwe, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ijuanya gbasara ha. Ha abụọ nwere àgwà dị egwu, nke 'naanị onwe ha' gbasara olu ha nke chọrọ ọmịiko na nlebara anya."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/20/marianne-faithfull-more-of-beatles-than-a-stones-fan-classic-interview|title=Marianne Faithfull: 'I'm more of a Beatles than a Stones fan' – a classic interview|last=Altham|first=Keith|access-date=17 May 2021|date=20 August 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010647/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/20/marianne-faithfull-more-of-beatles-than-a-stones-fan-classic-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> E wezụga egwu ndị mbụ o dere, ọtụtụ n'ime egwu ya nke afọ 1960 gụnyere ụdị ndị omenkà si mba ọzọ nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere ndị America [[òtù ụmụ agbọghọ]], ndị mbụ [[rockabilly]], ndị tupu Beatles [[egwu rock nke Britain|egwu rock na roll nke Britain]], [[egwu obodo]], [[egwu ọdịnala nke oge a|egwu ọdịnala]], [[folk-rock]] na, ruo n'ókè dị nta, [[doo-wop]] na [[Mkpụrụ obi egwu|mkpụrụ obi]].<ref name="originales" /> Isi okwu ndị na-apụtakarị n'egwú ya bụ mwute, ihe mgbu nke onwe, [[Obi gbawara agbawa | ihe mgbu obi]], [[ịhụnanya otu akụkụ]], enweghị ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ, [[naanị onwe]], na njide onwe onye.<ref name="QuinoneroRouge" /><ref name="popmatters" /> A tụkwanyere okwu ya [[deadpan]], nke e ji "ikuku dị jụụ na nke na-adịghị ekpo ọkụ" mara, tụnyere nke onye na-abụ abụ German [[Nico (onye na-abụ abụ)|Nico]].<ref name="blurt">{{cite web |last=Kopp |first=Bill |date=14 October 2014 |title=BEYOND THE VALLEY OF THE FRANCOPHILES: Françoise Hardy |url=https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152753/https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |work=[[Blurt (magazine)|Blurt]] |accessdate=4 June 2026 |archivedate=5 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152753/https://blurtonline.com/feature/beyond-the-valley-of-the-francophiles-francoise-hardy/ }}</ref> [[File:Francoise Hardy ad.jpg|thumb|Hardy na 1965|172x172px]] A maara Hardy maka ịkpachara anya n'egwu ya, dịka mkpebi ya ịhapụ ụlọ ihe nkiri French dị ala maka ụlọ ihe nkiri dị elu na London.<ref name="Deluxe60" /> Ka ọ na-etolite, Hardy malitere ide abụ nke na-eme ka obi dajụọ ya, mana ọ họrọkwara n'ime ọrụ ndị ọkachamara na-edu ndú.<ref name="sixties" /> Onye mmepụta [[Erick Benzi]] chetara: "Site na mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, ọ maara na ọ dị iche. O nwere ike ịga n'ihu ndị omenkà ukwu dịka [[Charles Aznavour]] wee sị, 'Abụ gị dị egwu, achọghị m ịbụ ya.' Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dara ghi n'okwu ya."<ref name="uncut" /> [[Tony Cox (record producer)|Tony Cox]] chetara ahụmịhe ya na Hardy na-arụkọ ọrụ: "Françoise dị mma n'ihi na ọ na-enwe mmasị n'ihe dị iche iche karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị. E nwere ntakịrị nke Left Bank{{refn|group=note|name=Left Bank}} gbasara ya - ọ bụghị onye na-abụ abụ pop nkịtị gị, nke ahụ bụ eziokwu."<ref name="uncut" /><ref name="ledevoir21">{{cite web |last=Cormier |first=Sylvain |date=15 May 2021 |title="Chansons sur toi et nous": les mots de la parolière |trans-title="Songs about you and us": the lyricist's words |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/lire/601112/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous-les-mots-de-la-paroliere |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[Le Devoir]] |language=French}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-akwado [[yé-yé]] nke ukwuu, ọ dị iche na ndị ọgbọ ya n'ide ọtụtụ ihe o dere.<ref name="originales" /><ref name="npr" /> A makwaara ya maka ime ka nkà ya dị ka onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-akụ egwu dị ala.<ref name="internautes">{{cite web |last=Ollivier |first=Stéphane |date=7 July 2000 |title=L'interview des internautes : Françoise Hardy |trans-title=The internet users' interview: Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/linterview-des-internautes-francoise-hardy-98657-07-07-2000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143831/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/linterview-des-internautes-francoise-hardy-98657-07-07-2000/ |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}</ref> Ihe ndị o dere emeghị ka ọ dị ka ọ na-emebu, dịka o gwara''Rock & Folk'' na 2018: "Aghọtara m na ọ bụrụgodị na m mụta ihe, agaghị m enwe ike ime nke ọma dịka ezigbo ndị na-abụ abụ. Ọ bụ ya mere m ji chee na ọ kacha mma ịkpọbata ndị egwu ọrụ ha metụrụ m n'ahụ."<ref name="rocknfolk" /> === Mmetụta === N’oge mbụ, mmasị egwu ya bụ ndị na-abụ French ''[[chanson]]'', gụnyere Cora Vaucaire, [[Georges Guétary]], [[Charles Trenet]], na [[Jacques Brel]], ebe ọ bụ na n’afọ 1950s nke a bụ naanị egwu a na-akpọ na redio.<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="melodides">{{cite web |last=Norot |first=Anne-Claire |date=7 July 2000 |title=Françoise Hardy : ses mélodies du bonheur |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/francoise-hardy-ses-melodies-du-bonheur-98659-07-07-2000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508234645/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/francoise-hardy-ses-melodies-du-bonheur-98659-07-07-2000/ |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}</ref><ref name="radio" /> O kwuru na Trenet metụrụ ya n’obi karịa ndị ọzọ n’ihi na egwu ya “na-ewute ma dịkwa nro”.<ref>{{cite web |last=Médioni |first=Gilles |date=21 November 2011 |title=Le musée imaginaire de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/le-musee-imaginaire-de-francoise-hardy_1189809.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508232040/https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/le-musee-imaginaire-de-francoise-hardy_1189809.html |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[L'Express]] |language=French}}</ref> Hardy bụkwa nnukwu onye na-akwado onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede egwu [[Barbara (singer)|Barbara]], bụ onye kpaliri ya ide abụ nke ya.<ref name="uncut" /> N’oge mmalite 1960s, e webatara ya na rock and roll nke asụsụ Bekee na [[Brill Building pop]] site na [[Radio Luxembourg]] ma were mmụọ nsọ site n’aka ndị omenkà dịka [[Brenda Lee]],<ref name="vie" /> [[the Everly Brothers]], [[the Shadows]], [[Cliff Richard]], [[Neil Sedaka]], [[Connie Francis]], ma karịsịa [[Elvis Presley]] na [[Paul Anka]].<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="Deluxe57">Deluxe, 2013. p. 57</ref><ref name="melodides" /><ref name="life">{{cite web |last=Moreland |first=Quinn |date=15 October 2020 |title=French Icon Françoise Hardy on the Music of Her Life |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/french-icon-francoise-hardy-on-the-music-of-her-life/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427230731/https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/french-icon-francoise-hardy-on-the-music-of-her-life/ |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Hardy kwuru na ọ “juru ya anya kpamkpam” site n’aka ndị omenkà ndị a na-eto eto si mba ọzọ, wee malite ịgba egwu ma kpọọ guitar iji gbalịa iṅomi ha.<ref name="radio" /> O chetara na 2008: “Ozugbo ahụ m jikọtara onwe m na ha, n’ihi na ha na-egosipụta ịnọ naanị n’oge ntorobịa na ihere, n’elu melodi ndị na-akpali karịa okwu ha”.<ref name="Hardy Two" /> Egwu Hardy n’akụkụ nke abụọ nke afọ iri ahụ tinyere mmetụta sitere na British Invasion pop phenomenon na “mweghachi siri ike nke ụkpụrụ ọdịnala French ''chanson'', ọ bụghị yé-yé ma ọ bụ ‘Left Bank’,{{refn|group=note|name=Left Bank|The "Left Bank" scene—named after the [[Rive Gauche|left bank of the Seine]]—was a subgenre of French ''chanson'' that emerged in the 1940s, characterized by its stripped-down sound and "emphasis on poetic craftsmanship".<ref>{{cite book|access-date=31 May 2021|pages=93–94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KLrkA9LoIoC&pg=PA93|title=Music and the Elusive Revolution: Cultural Politics and Political Culture in France, 1968–1981|first=Eric|last=Drott|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0520268975|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010652/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KLrkA9LoIoC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>}} kama nke ahụ, kama nke ịhụnanya”.<ref name="QuinoneroFleur">Quinonero, 2017, "«La plus belle des fleurs de ton jardin»"</ref> Album ya nke 1964 ''Mon amie la rose'' tinyere mmetụta sitere na usoro [[Wall of Sound]] nke [[Phil Spector]],<ref name="dois" /> yana onye na-ede egwu Italiant [[Ennio Morricone]].<ref name="p4kreviews" /> Onye guitar na onye nhazi si Brazil Tuca mere ka Hardy mata [[bossa nova]], nke mechara rute na album 1971 [[La question (album)|''La Question'']].<ref name="telerama16" /><ref name="franceinter">{{cite web |last1=Varrod |first1=Didier |date=16 July 2016 |title=Comment te dire Hardy |url=https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/comment-te-dire-hardy/comment-te-dire-hardy-16-juillet-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028022834/https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/comment-te-dire-hardy/comment-te-dire-hardy-16-juillet-2016 |archive-date=28 October 2016 |access-date=27 October 2016 |publisher=[[France Inter]] |language=fr}}</ref> Hardy bụ onye na-enwe mmasị n’aka onye na-abụ abụ na onye na-ede egwu folk nke Bekee [[Nick Drake]].<ref name="nickdrake">{{cite book |last=Humphries |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu8xvkUc91cC&pg=PT190 |title=Nick Drake: The Biography |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1408841440 |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612010655/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu8xvkUc91cC&pg=PT190#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> O chetara: “Maka m, ọ bụghị nke omenala Britain pụrụ iche... Ọ bụ mkpụrụ obi na-apụta n’egwu ya kpatara m mmetụta miri emi—ihe ịhụnanya, uri... kamakwa melodi ndị a nụchara anụcha. Tinyere ụda olu ya pụrụ iche, nke na-eme ka obi mgbu nke ihe ahụ dum dịkwuo omimi.”<ref name="nickdrake" /> A na-ahụkarị na àgwà ha, olu ha, na mmasị ha n’ụda chords na harmony yiri ibe ha.<ref name="uncut" /> N’afọ 1972, album mbụ [[Véronique Sanson]] mere mmetụta n’ahụ Hardy, nke mere ka ọ malite iche na egwu nke ya aghọwo nke oge gara aga.<ref name="life" /> O kọwara echiche ya banyere Sanson n’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya: “Ọ dị ka mmetụta Bekee na Amerịka nke yé-yé ji obi ụtọ na-eṅomi... e tinyere ya nke ọma ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke tozuru oke n’egwu, ma bụrụkwa nke onwe.”<ref name="HardyEight" /> Mpụta ọrụ Hardy na 1996 ''Le danger'' tinyere mmetụta sitere na otu Bekee [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]<ref name="allmusic" /> yana ụdị egwu [[grunge]], [[Britpop]], na [[roots rock]].<ref name="LeDanger" /><ref name="telerama16" /> ===Mmepe=== ====1962–1967==== Album mbụ Hardy zuru ogologo oge, ''Tous les garçons et les filles'', nke nwere mmetụ rockabilly, bụ nke kacha nso o ruru n’ụdị yé-yé. A maara album ahụ maka ndokwa dị mfe na nke minimalizim, nke gụnyere gita acoustic na electric, bass, na percussion nke nwere mmetụta jazz.<ref name="p4kreviews"/><ref name="yehyeh">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-yeh-yeh-girl-from-paris-mw0000385568|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|title=The Yeh-Yeh Girl from Paris – Françoise Hardy|first=Stewart|last=Mason|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513165924/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-yeh-yeh-girl-from-paris-mw0000385568|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dois"/> Album ya na-esote, ''Le premier bonheur du jour,'' tinyere ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya karị na uri egwu,<ref name="exclaim">{{cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/francoise_hardy-tous_les_garcons_et_les_filles_le_premier_bonheur_du_jour_mon_amie_la_rose_lamitie_la_maison_ou_jai_grandi|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Françoise Hardy – Tous les garçons et les filles / Le premier bonheur du jour / Mon amie la rose / L'Amitié / La maison où j'ai grandi|date=14 October 2015|work=[[Exclaim!]]|first=Cosette|last=Schulz|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515074500/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/francoise_hardy-tous_les_garcons_et_les_filles_le_premier_bonheur_du_jour_mon_amie_la_rose_lamitie_la_maison_ou_jai_grandi|url-status=live}}</ref> jiri [[electric organ]] na nhazi eriri “na-ebe akwa”,<ref name="dois"/> ma tinye egwu sitere n’ụdị jazz na otu ụmụ agbọghọ America dịka [[the Crystals]] na [[the Ronettes]].<ref name="p4kreviews"/> N’etiti afọ 1960, egwu ya ghọrọ nke juputara ma baa ụba karị<ref name="uncut"/> mgbe ọ kwagara London ka ya na onye nhazi egwu [[Charles Blackwell (music arranger)|Charles Blackwell]] rụọ ọrụ, onye nyere ya ohere “iru ọkwa ọhụrụ nke sophistication.”<ref name="Deluxe60"/> Album ''Mon amie la rose,'' nke e wepụtara na 1964, gosiri mmụba n’ịdị mgbagwoju anya n’egwu ya, jiri olu siri ike karị na nyocha ọhụrụ n’usoro abụ.<ref name="exclaim"/><ref name="blurt"/> Ihe Hardy mere na 1965–66 gosiri uto na mmepe ụdị ya, na mmepụta ndị “si na ụda yeh-yé dị ntakịrị ma dị thin gaa n’ụdị rock nhazi zuru oke karị.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-vogue-years-mw0000461878|title=The Vogue Years – Françoise Hardy|first=John|last=Bush|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514175437/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-vogue-years-mw0000461878|url-status=live}}</ref> Ụda zuru oke nke album ya na-esote, ''L'amitié,'' bụ nke sara mbara nke ukwuu.<ref name="bestfit">{{cite web|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues|work=[[The Line of Best Fit]]|access-date=16 May 2021|date=23 February 2016|title=The fleeting voice of a generation: Françoise Hardy's first five albums reassessed|last=Hayley|first=Scott|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063437/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063437/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articlestrack-by-track/francoise-hardy-reissues}}</ref> Dị ka [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] Hazel Cills si kwuo: “Ọ bụ naanị ruo album nke ise ya, ''La maison où j'ai grandi,'' ka Hardy malitere inwe ụda tozuru etozu, nke [[Baroque pop|baroque]], nke dabara na omimi nke mwute ya na mgbagwoju ya.”<ref name="p4kreviews"/> Warfield chere na nke a bụ album ebe ọ “tọrọ ntọala nke ọma n’ụda ya, na-egosi anyị onye na-eme egwu anyị ka nwere ike ịmata ya ọbụna mgbe ọ dị afọ 70.”<ref name="dois"/> Na ''Ma jeunesse fout le camp,'' album ikpeazụ ya nke afọ 1960 e dekọrọ na London, ọ “kwagara n’ụdị ballad [[Orchestral pop|orchestrated pop]] nke tozuru etozu ma dị jụụ karị”<ref name="mjflc">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp-mw0000455346|title=Ma Jeunesse Fout Le Camp – Françoise Hardy|access-date=14 May 2021|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Richie Unterberger|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507180645/https://www.allmusic.com/album/ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp-mw0000455346|url-status=live}}</ref> nke a kọwara dị ka “nkwedebe ya na oge yé-yé.”<ref name="trodaec">{{cite web |last=Trodaec |first=Michel |date=8 April 2020 |title=Les trésors de nos discothèques. Françoise Hardy a chanté tant de belles choses |trans-title=The treasures of our record collections. Françoise Hardy sang so many beautiful things. |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213817/https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[Ouest-France]] |language=French}}</ref> ==== 1968–1974 ==== Na nloghachi Hardy na ụlọ ndekọ French, 1968 ''Comment te dire adieu'' nwere ụdị [[Middle of the road (music)|MOR]] karịa ọrụ ya gara aga.<ref name="ctda">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/comment-te-dire-adieu-mw0000745282|title=Comment Te Dire Adieu – Françoise Hardy|access-date=14 May 2021|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Richie Unterberger|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513000744/https://www.allmusic.com/album/comment-te-dire-adieu-mw0000745282|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richie Unterberger]] weere egwu ya dịka “ikekwe ọbụna nke jupụtara n’iru uju na mmetụta karịa ka ọ na-adị”.<ref name="ctda"/> Ka oge yé-yé na-apụ n’anya mgbe ngagharị [[May 68]] gasịrị na France, Hardy “gbanwere onwe ya bụrụ onye na-egosi folk-rock/jazz ''chanteuse'' nke na-adịghị mfe ịchọta” n’ọrụ ya n’afọ 1970s mbụ.<ref name="mattjames">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/179429-francoise-hardy-message-personnel-40th-anniversary-edition-2495683722.html|title=Françoise Hardy: Message Personnel (40th Anniversary Edition)|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|last=James|first=Matt|date=21 March 2014|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133658/https://www.popmatters.com/179429-francoise-hardy-message-personnel-40th-anniversary-edition-2495683722.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O mepụtara ụdị dịkwuo tozuru etozu, nke na-adịchaghị pop, iji gosipụta akụkụ dị omimi nke onwe ya.<ref name="rfi"/> A kọwara ya dị ka “album mbụ Françoise Hardy nke dị ezigbo onwe”,<ref name="monroe"/> album 1971 ''La question,'' nke na-aga n’ụzọ ụda na-adịghị azụmahịa ma na-enweghị [[Hook (music)|hooks]] doro anya, weere dị ka mgbanwe dị mkpa n’ọrụ ya.<ref name="telerama16">{{cite web|url=http://www.telerama.fr/musique/francoise-hardy-en-question,140803.php|title=Françoise Hardy en question|last1=Rigoulet|first1=Laurent|date=9 April 2016|work=[[Télérama]]|publisher=Groupe Le Monde|access-date=25 October 2016|language=fr|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026080152/http://www.telerama.fr/musique/francoise-hardy-en-question,140803.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/02/15/gente/1360951854_946751.html|title=La 'chanson' de la musa madura|last1=Galán|first1=Lola|date=15 February 2013|work=[[El País]]|publisher=Ediciones El País, S.L.|access-date=27 October 2016|language=es|quote=Atrás quedan los temas de su primera etapa, cancioncillas pegadizas de las que abomina. Hasta ''La question'', de 1971, a partir de la cual se inicia una segunda época de la que sí está orgullosa.|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012528/https://elpais.com/elpais/2013/02/15/gente/1360951854_946751.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n’ime ọrụ ya kacha dị jụụ, nwere nhazi ụda dị nro na nke akụrụngwa acoustic, gụnyere guitar, ntakịrị bass na orchestration dị nro.<ref name="originales"/><ref name="allmusicquestion">{{cite web| author-link=Richie Unterberger| url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/la-question-mw0000473522| last=Unterberger| first=Richie| title=La Question – Françoise Hardy| publisher=[[AllMusic]]| access-date=4 May 2014| archive-date=29 July 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729073948/http://www.allmusic.com/album/la-question-mw0000473522| url-status=live}}</ref> A kọwara olu Hardy dị ka “nke na-adọrọ adọrọ” na “nke dị nro”, mgbe ụfọdụ “[na-eji] hum melodic [[humming]] kama ịbụ abụ, na-egosipụta mmetụta nke abụ ahụ n’enweghị okwu.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/|title=Françoise Hardy – La question|last=Ballon|first=John|date=6 October 2008|publisher=MustHear|access-date=10 November 2016|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111200219/http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=11 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111200219/http://www.musthear.com/music/reviews/francoise-hardy/la-question/}}</ref> ''La question'' bụkwa oge mbụ Hardy sonyeere n’ịhọrọ nhazi strings maka ọrụ ya.<ref name="HardySeven">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Seven"</ref> Mgbe ''La question'' gasịrị, Hardy gara n’ihu n’ụzọ egwu folk na rock kpaliri ya.<ref name="QuinoneroRouge">Quinonero, 2017, "Le rouge et l'orange"</ref> Nke a mere ka onye nrụpụta [[Joe Boyd]] kwuo ka Nick Drake dee album abụ maka Hardy, nke Tony Cox ga-emepụta.<ref name="uncut">{{cite web|url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/francoise-hardy-interviewed-head-im-still-young-105862/|title=Françoise Hardy interviewed: "In my head I'm still very young"|access-date=9 May 2021|first=Tom|last=Pinnock|work=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]|date=15 June 2018|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061403/https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/francoise-hardy-interviewed-head-im-still-young-105862/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị abụọ ahụ zutere ọtụtụ oge, gụnyere nleta Nick Drake na nnọkọ ndekọ Hardy na London, ma a naghị eme atụmatụ ahụ.<ref name="uncut"/><ref name="nickdrake"/> Cox nwere mmasị ịrụ ọrụ na Hardy, ma n’ọnwa ikpeazụ nke 1971 dekọọ ''If You Listen'', nke jiri “otu ndị egwu British folk-rock kacha mma”.<ref name="uncut"/> N’ihi mmetụta Drake,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aquariumdrunkard.com/2020/02/28/the-lagniappe-sessions-yann-tiersen/|title=The Lagniappe Sessions: Yann Tiersen|access-date=15 May 2021|date=28 February 2020|publisher=[[Aquarium Drunkard]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185819/https://aquariumdrunkard.com/2020/02/28/the-lagniappe-sessions-yann-tiersen/|url-status=live}}</ref> album ahụ gosipụtara nhazi “cinematic” nke na-etinye guitar acoustic na strings dị nro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/if-you-listen-mw0000462501|title=If You Listen – Françoise Hardy|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|access-date=14 May 2021|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514171245/https://www.allmusic.com/album/if-you-listen-mw0000462501|url-status=live}}</ref> N’otu afọ ahụ, Hardy wepụtara ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', nke tinyere mmetụta blues, folk, na rock nke America<ref name="QuinoneroRouge"/><ref name="orangenightfall">{{cite web|author=Waltersmoke|date=31 May 2014|title=Françoise HARDY – Et Si Je M'en Vais Avant Toi (1972)|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6784_franoise-hardy-et-si-je-m-en-vais-avant-toi.html|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|language=French|access-date=27 May 2021|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012437/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6784_franoise-hardy-et-si-je-m-en-vais-avant-toi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ma nwee, n’ụzọ pụrụ iche, ụda dị ntakịrị nke na-akpa ọchị na rhythm ndị na-adọrọ mmasị.<ref name="QuinoneroRouge"/> Hardy kpọrọ [[Michel Berger]], onye nrụpụta album mbụ Véronique Sanson, ka ọ duzie mmepụta album ya 1973 ''Message personnel.''<ref name="HardyEight"/> Album ahụ nwere nhazi nke [[Michel Bernholc]], onye duziri “otu rock band dị mfe na nke nwere strings jupụtara, [na-eme ka] olu Hardy dị nro ma na-adọrọ adọrọ pụta ìhè.”<ref name="mpr">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/message-personnel-mw0000728077|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=14 May 2021|title=Message Personnel – Françoise Hardy|first=Thom|last=Jurek|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072647/https://www.allmusic.com/album/message-personnel-mw0000728077|url-status=live}}</ref> Album ahụ nwere ọnọdụ jupụtara n’iru uju na nke na-enyo enyo, yana “ụda tozuru etozu, nke dị mma maka ndị okenye”.<ref name="mattjames"/> Ndekọ 1974 ''Entr'acte'' bụ mgbalị mbụ Hardy mere n’ime [[concept album]], nke nwere okwu na-akọ “usoro nke abalị otu oge n’etiti onye ọbịa na nwa agbọghọ, onye a hapụrụ n’ihi nwoke ọ hụrụ n’anya, na-achọ ịkwụ ya ụgwọ”.<ref name="HardyNine">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Nine"</ref> Ọ nwere nhazi orchestral nke [[Del Newman]], onye rụrụ ọrụ na album Elton John ''[[Goodbye Yellow Brick Road]]'' na album Cat Stevens ''[[Tea for the Tillerman]]''.<ref name="HardyNine"/> ==== 1975–2018 ==== Album ''Star,'' nke 1977, nke bụ ndekọ [[Jazz pop|''pop nwere ntụziaka jazz'']], bụ album mbụ Hardy mere ka Gabriel Yared hazie, onye mepụtara ihe ọ na-emepụta ruo afọ iri sochirinụ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6929_franoise-hardy-star.html|language=French|access-date=27 May 2021|title=Françoise HARDY – Star (1977)|author=Waltersmoke|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|date=18 July 2014|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527030741/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6929_franoise-hardy-star.html|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 1978, ka [[disco]] na-achị ụlọ ọrụ egwu, Yared gbalịrị ime ka ụda ya kwekọọ na oge ahụ site na mwepụta nke ''Musique saoûle'', nke tinyere rhythms sitere na [[funk music]].<ref name="QuinoneroTonic">Quinonero, 2017, "Saoule au gin-tonic"</ref> Onye na-abụ egwu kwuru mgbe e mesịrị na ọ naghị adị ya mma ma na-eme ya ihere mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ n’elu rhythms egwu ịgba egwu.<ref name="QuinoneroTonic"/> Album nke 1988 ''Décalages,'' nke a ma ama maka ụda ya nwere ọtụtụ layers na ikuku pụrụ iche,<ref name="ledangerrocks">{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/track-of-confinement-9-le-danger-de-francoise-hardy-147752-26-03-2020/|language=French|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|title=Track of confinement #9 : Le Danger, de Françoise Hardy|date=26 March 2020|first=Franck|last=Vergeade|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527023538/https://www.lesinrocks.com/musique/track-of-confinement-9-le-danger-de-francoise-hardy-147752-26-03-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref> tinyere iji [[Synclavier]] synthesizer, n’agbanyeghị na onye na-abụ egwu achọghị ụda dijitalụ nke oge ahụ kama ọ họọrọ ụdị acoustic.<ref name="HardyThirteen"/> N’afọ 1996, site n’ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na [[alternative rock]] scene, Hardy gbanwere gaa n’ụdị egwu rock nke oge ọhụrụ, nke na-egosipụta ike na guitar, na album ''Le danger'', album mbụ ya mgbe afọ asaa gachara.<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name="LeDanger">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/le-danger-mw0000610510|author-link=Richie Unterberger|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=10 May 2021|title=Le Danger – Françoise Hardy|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509091056/https://www.allmusic.com/album/le-danger-mw0000610510|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]’s Jazz Monroe kọwara egwu ya dị ka "[[Adult contemporary music|adult-contemporary]] [[space rock]]".<ref name="monroe"/> Ụda siri ike na okwu nke album ahụ gosipụtara oge "ọchịchịrị nke ukwuu" nke onye na-abụ egwu nọ n’ime ya n’oge ahụ.<ref name="internautes"/> Ọdịda azụmaahịa nke ''Le danger'', tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, mere ka Hardy laghachi n’ụdị egwu ya dị nro na nke dị mfe maka album sochirinụ, ''[[Clair-obscur (album)|Clair-obscur]]'', nke pụtara n’afọ 2000,<ref name="internautes"/> ma album ise ikpeazụ ya gosipụtara ụda mara mma ma juputara n’obi mgbu na ntụgharị uche.<ref name="trodaec"/> Album 2006 ''(Parenthèses...)'' bụ nchịkọta duet iri na abụọ nwere mmepụta nke jiri obere tricks na mixing dị larịị, nke mere ka e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ mbụ dị ọcha dịka ''La question''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/parenth%C3%A8ses-mw0000771851|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=Parenthèses – Françoise Hardy|last=McClintock|first=J. Scott|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/parenth%C3%A8ses-mw0000771851|url-status=live}}</ref> Tụnyere album ndị gara aga, album 2010 ''La pluie sans parapluie'' nwere ụda “na-enwu karịa”, nke ụfọdụ egwu ya dabere na drum na bass kama piano ma ọ bụ strings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-pluie-sans-parapluie-mw0001969720|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=La Pluie Sans Parapluie – Françoise Hardy|last=Prunes|first=Mariano|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200638/https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-pluie-sans-parapluie-mw0001969720|url-status=live}}</ref> Album ya nke 2012 ''L'amour fou'' gosipụtara olu a na-abụ nke ọkara-abụ, ọkara-okwu, ma nwee ọnọdụ "nwere nnabata, nke na-atụgharị uche",<ref name="lefou">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/11/francoise-hardy-amour-fou-review|title=Françoise Hardy: L'Amour Fou – review|access-date=13 May 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Caroline|last=Sullivan|date=11 April 2013|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072659/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/11/francoise-hardy-amour-fou-review|url-status=live}}</ref> jiri piano “mara mma”, minor chords na brushed drums dị ka nkwado.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-francoise-hardy-l-amour-fou-emi-8571960.html|access-date=13 May 2021|title=Album: Françoise Hardy, L'Amour Fou (EMI)|date=13 April 2013|first=Simon|last=Price|work=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513045612/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-francoise-hardy-l-amour-fou-emi-8571960.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okwu n’abụ nke album ikpeazụ ya, ''[[Personne d'autre]]'', nke pụtara n’afọ 2018, metụtara afọ ya na-aga n’ihu na echiche banyere ọnwụ ya. Ọ lanarịrị nnukwu nsogbu ahụike kemgbe mwepụta album gara aga,<ref name="monroe">{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/francoise-hardy-personne-dautre/|title=Françoise Hardy: Personne d'autre Album Review|first=Jazz|last=Monroe|access-date=10 May 2021|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211858/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/francoise-hardy-personne-dautre/|url-status=live}}</ref> ma arụ olu ya n’album ahụ metụtara ọrịa ahụ.<ref name="allmusicpersonne" /> Isiokwu ojii nke okwu n’abụ nke ''Personne d'autre'' dị iche na ụda dị nro na nke nso nke onye na-abụ egwu jiri mara ya na mbụ.<ref name="monroe" /><ref name="allmusicpersonne">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=23 May 2021|title=Personne d'Autre – Françoise Hardy|first=Thom|last=Jurek|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|url-status=live}}</ref> == Mmemme egwu dị ndụ == [[File:Francoise Hardy C'est La Rose.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Hardy ka ọ na-eme ihe n’egwu n’afọ 1968]] Na 11 Mee 1962, Hardy mere ngosipụta mbụ ya n’ihu ndị mmadụ dịka onye na-abụ abụ dị ndụ, ya na ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na-abụ abụ, n’emume Disco Revue gala dị na [[Nancy, France|Nancy]].<ref name="QuinoneroScenes">Quinonero, 2017, "Premières scènes"</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n’abalị ekeresimesi na [[Brussels]] ma sonyekwa n’ụzọ njem egwu gara nke ọma na [[Southern France]] site na njedebe afọ 1962 ruo mmalite afọ 1963.<ref name="QuinoneroScenes" /> N’ọnwa Febrụwarị 1963, ọ pụtara na mmemme telivishọn ''Cinq colonnes à la une'' ọnụ na [[Sylvie Vartan]] na [[Sheila (French singer)|Sheila]]. E mechara were ha dị ka arụsị atọ kachasị ukwuu nke oge yé-yé, onye ọ bụla n’ime ha na-anọchite anya ụdị nwa agbọghọ oge ọhụrụ dị iche iche.<ref name="QuinoneroGraces">Quinonero, 2017, "Les Trois Grâces"</ref> O mere ngosipụta mbụ ya na ụlọ egwu [[Olympia (Paris)|Olympia]] dị na Paris, ebe ọ bụ onye meghere mmemme maka [[Richard Anthony (singer)|Richard Anthony]].<ref name="HardyThree" /> N’agbata 26 Febrụwarị na 10 Eprel, Hardy sonyere na njem egwu Gala des Stars, nke Europe n° 1 na ''Salut les copains'' kwadoro.<ref name="QuinoneroEurovision">Quinonero, 2017, "«Gala des étoiles» et concours de l'Eurovision"</ref> N’etiti ụbọchị njem egwu ndị ahụ,<ref name="QuinoneroEurovision" /> ọ nọchitere Monaco anya na [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963|Eurovision Song Contest]] nke e mere na London, ebe ọ bụrụ abụ "{{lang|fr|[[L'amour s'en va]]|italic=no}}", ma nweta ọnọdụ nke ise site na isi 25, nke ọ kesara na onye France, [[Alain Barrière]].<ref>{{cite web |title=London 1963 |url=https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330122650/https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1963/final |archive-date=30 March 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=Eurovision Song Contest}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pessis |first1=Jacques |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDMYAQAAIAAJ |title=Chronique de la chanson française |last2=Leduc |first2=Emilie |date=2003 |publisher=Editions Chronique |isbn=9782205055214 |page=102 |language=fr |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072212/https://books.google.com/books?id=eDMYAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> N’agbata 7 Nọvemba na 18 Disemba 1963, Hardy pụtara ọzọ dịka onye meghere mmemme Anthony na Olympia dị na Paris ma nweta nkwado ọma sitere n’aka ndị nta akụkọ, ndị bụbu ndị na-akatọ ụzọ ọ si arụ ọrụ n’ihu ọha n’ihi ịdị nkịtị ya.<ref name="QuinoneroVoie">Quinonero, 2017, "Suivre sa voie"</ref> Na 11 Ọktoba, Hardy rụrụ ọrụ na [[Barcelona]], Spain, dịka akụkụ nke Great Gala nke anọ nke Sedería Española.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> N’ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ malitere njem egwu mbụ ya na Italy, nke gara ọtụtụ obere obodo ndị dị n’akụkụ osimiri.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> Onye na-abụ abụ ahụ nwekwara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Portugal ma gaa [[Lisbon]] na njedebe afọ 1963 iji pụta na mmemme telivishọn dị iche iche.<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> Na 21 Febrụwarị 1964, Hardy kwalitere "Catch a Falling Star" na mmemme telivishọn Britain ''[[Ready Steady Go!]]''<ref name="QuinoneroCachez" /> ma n’otu mmemme ahụ kwa, ọ bụrụ "All Around the World". Ọ pụtakwara na [[Five O'Clock Club|''Ollie and Fred's Five O'Clock Club'']], ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (TV series)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]'', na ''[[Top of the Pops]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> Na United States, Hardy mere ngosipụta mbụ ya na mmemme ''[[Hullabaloo (TV series)|Hullabaloo]]'' nke [[NBC]], ebe ọ bụrụ "However Much", ụdị asụsụ abụọ nke abụ [[Charles Trenet]] "[[Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?]]", nakwa nsụgharị nke "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]".<ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama n’otu ntabi anya na Germany mgbe ọ pụtara na telivishọn na 28 Eprel 1965 na ''Portrait in Musik'', usoro mmemme egwu e haziri ma duzie site n’aka Truck Branss.<ref name="HardyThree" /><ref name="QuinoneroMonde" /> N’okpuru nrụgide sitere n’aka ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ egwu ya nke France na Italy,<ref name="HardyThree" /> Hardy sonyere na [[Sanremo Music Festival 1966]], ebe ọ rutere n’ọkwa ikpeazụ site n’abụ "Parlami di te" nke [[Edoardo Vianello]] dere.<ref>{{cite book |last=Giannotti |first=Marcello |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&pg=PA233 |title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo: 55 anni di storia del festival dalla A alla Z |publisher=Gremese Editore |year=2005 |isbn=978-8884403797 |page=233 |language=Italian |trans-title=The Sanremo Encyclopedia: 55 years of the festival's history from A to Z |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&pg=PA233#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy nyere ngosipụta ndụ ikpeazụ atọ ya na [[Kinshasa]], Congo, n’ọnwa Juun 1967.<ref name="QuinoneroAnglais" /> Ọ na-enwe nsogbu [[stage fright|ụjọ ịpụta n’ihu ọha]],<ref name="HardySix" /><ref>{{cite web |date=17 January 2014 |title=Chanson singer Francoise Hardy turns 70 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chanson-singer-francoise-hardy-turns-70/a-17369531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516210529/https://www.dw.com/en/chanson-singer-francoise-hardy-turns-70/a-17369531 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> nke mere ka ọ kwụsị ime mmemme egwu dị ndụ kpamkpam n’afọ 1968.<ref name="rfi" /><ref name="franceinfointerview">{{cite web |last=Vial |first=Michel |date=17 June 2016 |title=INTERVIEW. Françoise Hardy : "J'ai l'impression d'avoir tout dit, je ne crois pas que je puisse faire mieux" |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/chanson-francaise/interview-francoise-hardy-quot-jai-limpression-davoir-tout-dit-je-ne-crois-pas-que-je-puisse-faire-mieuxquot_3305387.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012955/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/chanson-francaise/interview-francoise-hardy-quot-jai-limpression-davoir-tout-dit-je-ne-crois-pas-que-je-puisse-faire-mieuxquot_3305387.html |archive-date=12 June 2024 |access-date=18 May 2021 |publisher=[[France Info]] |language=French}}</ref> ==Ngosipụta ọha== ===Àgwà mmadụ=== Dị ka onye a ma ama n’ihu ọha, a maara Hardy nke ọma n’ihi [[ihere]] ya na omume ya nke ịdị jụụ ma ghara ịmasị ịpụta ìhè n’ihu mmadụ,<ref name="uncut"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160830-why-we-should-celebrate-shyness|title=Why we should celebrate shyness|access-date=10 May 2021|last=Robson|first=David|publisher=[[BBC Future]]|date=31 August 2016|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060158/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160830-why-we-should-celebrate-shyness|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dois">{{cite web|url=https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696|title=Album Review: Françoise Hardy – 2016 reissues|publisher=[[Drowned in Sound]]|date=15 January 2016|first=Russell|last=Warfield|access-date=11 May 2021|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115725/https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=11 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115725/https://drownedinsound.com/releases/19179/reviews/4149696}}</ref> ma ndị na-ekiri ya na-ekwukarị banyere “agwa ya nke na-adịghị amasị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dịka onye a ma ama.”<ref name="p4kreviews">{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21098-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|access-date=13 May 2021|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|title=Françoise Hardy: Tous Les Garçons Et Les Filles / Le Premier Bonheur Du Jour / Mon Amie La Rose / La Maison Ou J'Ai Grandi / L'Amitié|first=Hazel|last=Cills|date=21 October 2015|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513183852/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21098-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|url-status=live}}</ref> N’akwụkwọ ndụ ya na n’ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche, ọ na-ekwu n’ụzọ doro anya banyere ọgụ ya na [[anxiety]], [[self-doubt]], [[loneliness]] na [[inferiority complex]].<ref name="HardyThree"/><ref name="HardyEight">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Eight"</ref> Tom Pinnock nke ''Uncut'' kwuru na “ọ bụ n’ihi na ọ jụrụ iso egwuregwu nke [[showbusiness]] na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị [[icon]].”<ref name="uncut"/> Ọnọdụ ya nke ịbụ [[celebrity]] n’oge na-adịghị anya ghọrọ ihe na-enye ya nnukwu nsogbu, dịka o kwuru na 2011: “Ihe niile ahụ adịghị amasị m ma ọlị, tinyere ihe ndị na-esonyere ya, mgbe n’otu ntabi anya mmadụ ghọrọ onye a ma ama nke ukwuu. (...) [Ịrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ejiji ndị a ma ama] bụ ọrụ, ihe ndị m ga-eme, ọrụ na-agwụ ike—ọ dịghị amasị m ma ọlị... Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka mmadụ nwee ahụ iru ala mgbe a na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ya nọ nke ukwuu—ọ bụghị ọnọdụ nkịtị. Nke ahụ anaghị amasị m ma ọlị. Eziokwu bụ na anaghị m enwe ahụ iru ala n’ọrụ ndụ m n’ezie, ya mere okwu ‘icon’—ọ dị ka a na-ekwu maka onye ọzọ, ọ bụghị m n’ezie.”<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0118bgw|title=Falling for Francoise|date=21 May 2011|publisher=Falling Tree Productions. [[BBC Radio 4 Extra]]|access-date=22 May 2011|medium=radio program|others=Andrew, John (interviewer); Hall, Alan (producer)|archive-date=16 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516170724/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0118bgw|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ naghịkwa enwe mmasị n’ụzọ ndụ nke [[jet-set]] na [[High society (social class)|ndị nọ n’ọkwa elu nke ọha mmadụ]].<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="HardyThree" /> === Onye Na-ebute Ụzọ N’Ụwa Ejiji === [[File:Francoise Hardy in Venice.jpg|thumb|Hardy (nke e sere na Venice na 1966) nwere ntutu isi ya nke kpuchiri ọkpọiso ya na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọcha ya, bụ́ ndị a na-ewere dịka ọdịdị pụrụ iche ya.]] Dị ka onye na-ese ya foto na onye nnọchi anya ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị ya n’ime afọ iri ahụ,<ref name="Deluxe58"/> Jean-Marie Périer ghọrọ ụdị onye yiri [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]] nye ya,<ref name="rfi"/><ref name="Deluxe29">Deluxe, 2013. p. 29</ref><ref name="tentaciones"/> ma gbanwee onyonyo ọha nke onye na-agụ egwú ahụ site n’ịbụ “nwa agbọghọ akwụkwọ na-eme ihere ma na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi n’ile anya” gaa n’ịbụ “nwata nwanyị oge a na-eduzi usoro ejiji ọhụrụ.”<ref name="rfi"/> O dere sị: “…[Périer] gbalịrị ime ka echiche m mepee ma nyere m aka n’akụkụ ndụ niile site n’obiọma pụrụ iche ya ... n’okpuru nduzi ya ka m ghọtara mkpa mma na ọdịdị, nke ghọrọ otu n’ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa m na-atụle. Ọ kụziri m otu esi ebu onwe m ma esi eyi uwe, ma nyekwa m ndụmọdụ gbasara omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.”<ref name="HardyThree"/> Ọ mere ka onye na-agụ egwú ahụ malite ịrụ ọrụ [[Model (person)|nlereanya ejiji]], ma n’oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ “kpakpando nke ụwa ejiji mba ụwa yana nke ụwa egwu France.”<ref name="rfi"/> Ndị na-ese foto dịka [[Gered Mankowitz]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/photos/10-iconic-rock-stars-shot-by-the-legendary-gered-mankowitz-1427944|title=10 Iconic Rock Stars Shot By The Legendary Gered Mankowitz|work=[[NME]]|access-date=15 May 2021|first=Emily|last=Barker|date=12 September 2013|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515195049/https://www.nme.com/photos/10-iconic-rock-stars-shot-by-the-legendary-gered-mankowitz-1427944|url-status=live}}</ref> [[William Klein (photographer)|William Klein]] na [[Richard Avedon]] sere ya foto maka ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ.<ref name="nytimes"/> Ịpụta ya ugboro ugboro n’ihu mkpuchi magazin mere ka a mara ya dịka ihe atụ kachasị pụta ìhè nke nwanyị French a na-etinye n’ihu mkpuchi magazin n’afọ ndị 1960.<ref name="tentaciones"/><ref name="mortality"/><ref name="npr"/> N’afọ 1968, Hardy gwara otu onye nta akụkọ, sị: “Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n’ihi ụzọ m si eji uwe, ọ dịghị onye ga-achọpụta m.”<ref name="achieve" /> N’otu aka ahụ, ọ gwara ''[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]]'' na 2018, sị: “Egwu m enweghị nnukwu mmasị ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmepụta egwu Anglo-Saxon. Ya mere, m tinyere obi m n’iyi uwe ọma oge ọ bụla m gara London ma ọ bụ New York. Karịsịa, abụ m onye nnọchianya ejiji.”<ref name="vanityfair" /> Dị ka otu n’ime ndị a na-akpọ “[["it girl"]]<ref name="independent05" />” na onye ndu n’ụwa ejiji,<ref name="id" /> a na-ewere Hardy dịka ihe nnọchianya zuru oke nke “Nwanyị Oge A”<ref name="mattjames" /> nakwa nke ụdị [[chic]] French nke afọ ndị 1960<ref name="sixties">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/arts-don-t-talk-to-me-about-the-sixties-1337101.html|title=Arts: Don't talk to me about the Sixties|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128125214/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/arts-don-t-talk-to-me-about-the-sixties-1337101.html|archive-date=28 January 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|date=14 June 1996|first=Philip|last=Sweeney|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref name="independent05">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/belle-star-1528822.html|title=Belle star|access-date=20 May 2021|date=5 February 2005|work=[[The Independent]]|last=McNair|first=James|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044111/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/belle-star-1528822.html|archive-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> na [[Coolness|ịdị jụụ na ịdị mma]],<ref name="Deluxe64">Deluxe, 2013. p. 64</ref><ref name="thetimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/francoise-hardy-2rzqtxjzplr|title=Françoise Hardy|date=8 January 2005|access-date=15 May 2021|work=[[The Times]]|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012959/https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com/wrapper/v2/messages?hasCsp=true&env=prod&body=%7B%22accountId%22%3A259%2C%22campaignEnv%22%3A%22prod%22%2C%22campaigns%22%3A%7B%22ccpa%22%3A%7B%22alwaysDisplayDNS%22%3Afalse%2C%22hasLocalData%22%3Afalse%2C%22targetingParams%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%2C%22gdpr%22%3A%7B%22consentStatus%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22targetingParams%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%2C%22clientMMSOrigin%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.privacy-mgmt.com%22%2C%22hasCSP%22%3Atrue%2C%22includeData%22%3A%7B%22localState%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22string%22%7D%2C%22actions%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22RecordString%22%7D%2C%22cookies%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22RecordString%22%7D%7D%2C%22propertyHref%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%22%2C%22propertyId%22%3A5049%7D&localState=null&metadata=%7B%22ccpa%22%3A%7B%22applies%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22gdpr%22%3A%7B%22applies%22%3Afalse%7D%7D&nonKeyedLocalState=null&ch=446710079449740212bce6&scriptVersion=4.23.0&scriptType=unified|url-status=live}}</ref> nke a maara nke ọma n’ihi nhọrọ uwe ya ndị gara n’ihu oge ha na ụdị [[futuristic fashion]] ya.<ref name="uncut" /><ref name="vanguardistes" /> Brett Marie nke [[PopMatters]] kwuru na “echiche ya banyere ejiji na ahụ ya yiri nke ndị nlereanya nke afọ ndị 1960 mere ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi ejiji dịka ọ bụkwa kpakpando n’ụlọ ọrụ egwu.”<ref name="popmatters" /> O chetara na 2008 na n’oge mmalite afọ ndị 1960, ahụ ya dị gịrịgịrị nke na-eme ka ihere na-eme ya ghọrọ ihe a na-ewere dị ka ejiji n’oge ahụ.<ref name="ellefr" /> A malitere ile ya anya dịka “''égérie''” ma ọ bụ mmụọ nsọ nye ndị nrụpụta ejiji France kachasị ama n’oge ahụ,<ref name="Deluxe63">Deluxe, 2013. p. 63</ref> gụnyere [[André Courrèges]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/le-mag/mode-et-beaute/le-couturier-andre-courreges-est-mort-92-ans-3958816|title=Mort d'André Courrèges, le couturier fétiche de Françoise Hardy|access-date=13 May 2021|date=1 August 2016|language=French|work=[[Ouest-France]]|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214342/https://www.ouest-france.fr/le-mag/mode-et-beaute/le-couturier-andre-courreges-est-mort-92-ans-3958816|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chanel]] na [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]].<ref name="rfi" /> Hardy kwadoro ụdị mbụ nke uwe [[Le Smoking]] nke Saint Laurent mere na 1966,<ref name="numero">{{cite web|url=https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/yves-saint-laurent-histoire-smoking-1966-rive-gauche-revolution-francoise-hardy|language=French|access-date=16 May 2021|title=Le smoking d'Yves Saint Laurent : histoire d'une révolution|first=Yasmine|last=Lahrichi|work=[[Numéro]]|date=19 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=21 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521132239/https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/yves-saint-laurent-histoire-smoking-1966-rive-gauche-revolution-francoise-hardy}}</ref> ma onye nrụpụta ahụ chetara na mgbe ọ kpọgara ya na [[Paris Opera]] ka o yi otu tuxedo ya, “Ndị mmadụ tiri mkpu ma kwuo okwu n’olu ike. Ọ bụ nnukwu esemokwu.”<ref name="smoking">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140710-smoking-hot-the-womans-tuxedo|title=Smoking hot: The woman's tuxedo|first=Katya|last=Foreman|date=21 October 2015|access-date=16 May 2021|publisher=BBC|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013016/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140710-smoking-hot-the-womans-tuxedo|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy bụkwa otu n’ime ndị mbụ hụrụ ọrụ [[Paco Rabanne]] n’anya, na-eme ka onye nrụpụta ejiji Spain ahụ bụrụ onye a ma ama site n’iyi uwe ya n’oge eserese foto na mmemme telivishọn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/fashion-exhibitions/diaporama/why-you-should-see-the-paco-rabanne-fashion-metallurgist-exhibition/54179|title=Why you should see the "Paco Rabanne, Fashion Metallurgist" exhibition|access-date=13 May 2021|work=[[Vogue Paris]]|first=Manon|last=Garrigues|date=13 December 2018|translator-first=Rosa Cecilia|translator-last=Gosling|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513222407/https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/fashion-exhibitions/diaporama/why-you-should-see-the-paco-rabanne-fashion-metallurgist-exhibition/54179|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 1968, ọ gosipụtara uwe mkpirikpi e ji efere ọlaedo dị ọcha mee na International Diamond Fair.<ref name="scotsmanobit" /><ref>{{cite journal|author=Braunstein, Peter|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/231149382|title=Visiting Planet Paco|date=February 21, 2001|journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|id={{ProQuest|231149382}} |language=en}}</ref> A na-eme uwe ahụ site na efere ọlaedo 1,000, diamond karat 300, ma ọ tụrụ paụnd 20; a na-ewere ya dịka “uwe kachasị ọnụ n’ụwa n’afọ 1968.”<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Newbold |first=Alice |date=2024-06-12 |title=Françoise Hardy Was the French-Girl Style Blueprint |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style-blueprint |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Uwe ndị Rabanne chepụtara, gụnyere uwe ọlaedo ahụ, ghọrọ ụfọdụ n’ime ọdịdị Hardy kacha ama ama.<ref name="10lessons"/><ref name="scotsmanobit">{{cite web |date=June 22, 2024|last1=Shepherd |first1=Fiona |title=Françoise Hardy: French singersongwriter whose melancholic ballads influenced a generation |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3070768709 |website=[[The Scotsman]] |access-date=27 July 2024 |id={{ProQuest|3070768709}} |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lennon |first1=Peter |title=Newspaper Fashion: Prophet motives Paco Rabanne launched his 21st century designs 30 years ago and has been looking to the future ever since. Which is odd, because he's also a soothsayer who is certain that the end of our time is at hand |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/294978425 |date=June 10, 1995|page=48|work=The Guardian |id={{ProQuest|294978425}} }}</ref> Hardy gosipụtara uwe ndị ụlọ ọrụ ''[[ready-to-wear|prêt-à-porter]]'' ọhụrụ na-emepụta,<ref name="CRF">{{cite web|url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/|title=The Enduring Style of Françoise Hardy and the Yé-Yé Girls|last=Darcella|first=Aria|work=CR Fashion Book|date=17 January 2018|access-date=15 May 2021|publisher=CR Fashion Book. [[Hearst Communications]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515033723/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=15 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515033723/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a15166094/francoise-hardy-ye-ye-girls-1960s-french-fashion/}}</ref> yana ọrụ ndị otu ọhụrụ nke ndị nrụpụta ejiji nwanyị France a maara dịka “ụlọ akwụkwọ yé-yé”<ref name="radicalrags">{{cite book|title=Radical Rags: Fashions of the Sixties|url=https://archive.org/details/radicalragsfashi0000lobe|last=Lobenthal|first=Joel|year=1990|page=[https://archive.org/details/radicalragsfashi0000lobe/page/45 45]|publisher=[[Abbeville Press]]|isbn=0896599302}}</ref> ma ọ bụ “''stylistes''”,<ref name="refashioned">{{cite web|url=https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/paris-refashioned.php|access-date=20 April 2021|date=15 April 2017|title=Paris Refashioned, 1957–1968|publisher=The Museum at FIT. [[Fashion Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420194528/https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/paris-refashioned.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ndị jụrụ iwu siri ike nke ''[[haute couture]]''.<ref name="richardmartin">{{cite book|title=Contemporary Fashion|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryfash0000unse|page=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryfash0000unse/page/300 300]|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Richard|isbn=978-1558621732|year=1995|publisher=[[St. James Press]]}}</ref> Ọ nyere aka ibido ọrụ [[Sonia Rykiel]] site n’iyi sweta ya a ma ama a na-akpọ “poor boy sweater” n’ihu mkpuchi ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'',<ref name="CRF" /><ref>{{cite news|access-date=15 May 2021|language=French|url=https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/sonia-rykiel-toute-une-vie-couleur|title=Sonia Rykiel, toute une vie en couleur|first=Séverine|last=Saas|date=26 August 2016|work=[[Le Temps]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511230023/https://www.letemps.ch/lifestyle/sonia-rykiel-toute-une-vie-couleur|url-status=live}}</ref> ma [[David Bailey]] sere ya foto ka o yi uwe mkpuchi [[Emmanuelle Khanh]] nke eji usoro [[color-blocking]] mee maka ''Vogue''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/color-block-historia-disenadores-yves-saint-laurent-stephen-burrows|language=Spanish|access-date=15 May 2021|title=De Stephen Burrows a la Comedia del Arte: repaso visual a la historia del color block|last=Nuria|first=Luis|date=8 October 2020|location=Spain|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515051401/https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/color-block-historia-disenadores-yves-saint-laurent-stephen-burrows|url-status=live}}</ref> A maara Hardy kwa maka ụdị ejiji dị mfe nke nwere ntutu isi na etemeete na-adịghị akpali akpali, na-eyi ọtụtụ mgbe naanị sweta na ogologo ọkpa.<ref name="CRF" /> Ihe pụrụ iche n’ile anya ya bụ [[Bangs (hair)|ntutu isi ya kpuchiri ọkpọiso]] na iji akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọcha nke Courrèges,<ref name="linternaute" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/francoise-hardy-icone-francaise-de-la-chanson_1658165.html|access-date=11 May 2021|work=[[L'Express]]|language=French|title=Françoise Hardy, icône française de la chanson|date=5 March 2015|quote=C'est un soir de réréfendum sur le suffrage universel pour l'élection présidentielle, en 1962, que la France découvre l'interprète de Tous les garçons et les filles. Françoise Hardy séduit alors le pays et vend cette année-là 500 000 exemplaires de son 45 tours avant de connaître un succès international. Françoise Hardy, c'est aussi un style très affirmé: mini-jupe, boots blanches et longue frange, qui vont faire d'elle une égérie de la mode. Elle est enfin la mère de Thomas Dutronc, fils qu'elle a eu avec son mari le chanteur Jacques Dutronc.|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012958/https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/francoise-hardy-icone-francaise-de-la-chanson_1658165.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ma ọ bụkwa otu n’ime ndị mbụ yi [[miniskirt]].<ref name="ellefr">{{cite news|url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Livres/Dossiers/Quelqu-un-d-Hardy-745069|title=Quelqu'un d'Hardy|access-date=15 May 2021|first=Clémentine|last=Goldszal|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|language=French|date=27 October 2008|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515230202/https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Livres/Dossiers/Quelqu-un-d-Hardy-745069|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vanityfair">{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/people/story/article-mag-pourquoi-francoise-hardy-nous-enchante-toujours/3108|title=Pourquoi Françoise Hardy nous enchante toujours|access-date=11 May 2021|date=18 July 2018|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]]|language=French|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511201321/https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/people/story/article-mag-pourquoi-francoise-hardy-nous-enchante-toujours/3108|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ nwakwara ụdị uwe na ọdịdị na-enweghị oke nkewa nwoke na nwanyị.<ref name="vanguardistes" /> A kọwara ya dịka “anti-[[Brigitte Bardot|Bardot]]”, onye wetara ụdị echiche ọhụrụ banyere mma nke mere ka “oke ịdị nwanyị nke ụdị sex-kitten nke oge ahụ bụrụ ihe ochie.”<ref name="achieve">{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|title=Françoise Hardy Forever: 10 Ways to Achieve the French Singer's Iconic Style|first=Laird|last=Borrelli-Persson|editor-first=Kelly|editor-last=Connor|date=16 January 2015|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516075235/https://www.vogue.com/article/francoise-hardy-french-girl-style|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ ndị 1970, ọ hapụrụ onyonyo nke “nwata nwanyị ejiji ama ama na-eme njem n’obodo” nke Périer kere maka ya.<ref name="rfi" /> ===Akụkọ ifo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke afọ 1960=== Oyiyi ọha na eze ya na ụdị ejiji ya n’afọ ndị 1960 nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n’omenala [[pop culture]] ụwa, nke mere ka nkà ya dịka onye na-agụ egwu ghara ịhụrịrị anya nke ọma n’èzí France.<ref name="monkey">{{cite web|url=https://monkeybuzz.com.br/materias/francoise-hardy-e-suas-meninas/|language=Portuguese|title=Françoise Hardy e Suas Meninas|access-date=16 May 2021|first=Carlos Eduardo|last=Lima|date=17 October 2013|publisher=Monkeybuzz|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516203440/https://monkeybuzz.com.br/materias/francoise-hardy-e-suas-meninas/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroTravesti">Quinonero, 2017, "«Son allure de page travesti»"</ref> N’afọ 1967, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ntorobịa [[teen magazine]] ''Special Pop'' dere: “Hardy na-enwe ike ịdọta ma ụmụaka ma ndị mụrụ ha, ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị. Karịa ịbụ naanị onye na-agụ egwu, ọ na-aghọ ụdị akụkọ ifo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọtụtụ puku ụmụ agbọghọ na-arọ nrọ ịkọwa onwe ha dịka ya.”<ref name="Deluxe57"/> N’ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ iri ahụ, Hardy ghọrọ onye a ma ama dịka onye na-akpali mmụọ n’omenala ma bụrụkwa ihe mkpali (muse) nye ọtụtụ ndị okike na ndị nka.<ref name="sixties"/><ref name="Deluxe64"/> Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe mere eserese ya, gụnyere {{ill|Michel Bourdais|fr}},<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Richard Anthony (singer)|last=Anthony|first=Richard|title=Quand on choisit la liberté|isbn=978-2738226587|publisher=Florent Massot|language=French|year=2010|page=115|quote=Françoise, elle aussi, lui acheta un petit portrait qu'il (Michel Bourdais) avait fait d'elle et qu'elle aimait beaucoup. Son pianiste lui acheta l'autre et l'un de mes musiciens lui passa une commande.}}</ref> [[Bernard Buffet]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy|title=Bernard Buffet: Françoise Hardy (1963)|access-date=16 May 2021|publisher=[[Artsy (website)|Artsy]]|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516073600/https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy|url-status=dead|accessdate=4 June 2026|archivedate=16 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516073600/https://www.artsy.net/artwork/bernard-buffet-francoise-hardy}}</ref> [[Gabriel Pasqualini]]<ref>{{cite magazine |location=France|magazine=[[Salut les copains (magazine)|Salut les copains]]|issue=31|date=February 1965|title=Tout, tout, tout et le reste sur Françoise|page=28|language=French}}</ref> na [[Jean-Paul Goude]].<ref>{{cite AV media|title=[[Comment te dire adieu (album)|Comment te dire adieu]]|author=Hardy, Françoise|year=1968|location=France|publisher=[[Disques Vogue]]|id=CLD-728|medium=LP record}}</ref> N’afọ 1965, [[Jacques Prévert]] dere uri e nyere onye na-agụ egwú ahụ aha ya bụ ''Une plante verte'', nke a gụrụ dịka akụkụ nke mmemme Hardy na Olympia.<ref>{{cite book|year=1992|language=French|title=Œuvres Complètes|publisher=[[Éditions Gallimard]]|page=808|author-link=Jacques Prévert|first=Jacques|last=Prévert|isbn=978-2070112302}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa isiokwu uri nke [[Manuel Vázquez Montalbán]] dere<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://revistacaracteres.net/revista/vol2n1mayo2013/manuel-vazquez-montalban-leyendo-sus-poemas-cuerpo-y-voz-escritura-y-autoria/|language=Spanish|title=Manuel Vázquez Montalbán leyendo sus poemas: cuerpo y voz, escritura y autoría|year=2013|first=Alessandro|last=Mistrorigo|journal=Caracteres. Estudios culturales y críticos de la esfera digital|issn=2254-4496|location=Salamanca|publisher=Editorial Delirio|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516174834/http://revistacaracteres.net/revista/vol2n1mayo2013/manuel-vazquez-montalban-leyendo-sus-poemas-cuerpo-y-voz-escritura-y-autoria/|url-status=live}}</ref> nakwa [[open letter]] nke [[Paul Guth]] dere.<ref>{{cite book|language=French|last=Guth|first=Paul|year=1968|title=Lettre ouverte aux idoles|author-link=Paul Guth|publisher=[[Éditions Albin Michel]]|pages=51–63}}</ref> Onye na-ese ihe Belgium [[Guy Peellaert]] jiri Hardy dịka ihe atụ maka agwa bụ isi nke akwụkwọ eserese ([[comic]]) ya nke 1968, ''Pravda la Survireuse'', nke sitere n’ike mmụọ nsọ [[pop art]] na echiche psychedelic, ma mee ya na mmekorita ya na onye odee ihe nkiri France [[Pascal Thomas]].<ref name="Deluxe64">Deluxe, 2013. p. 64</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2008/11/20/necrologicas/1227135602_850215.html|access-date=15 May 2021|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|title=Guy Peellaert, dibujante y fotógrafo|last=Pons|first=Álvaro|date=19 November 2008|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072733/https://elpais.com/diario/2008/11/20/necrologicas/1227135602_850215.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Onye na-agụ egwú ahụ masịrị onye na-ese ihe Spain [[Salvador Dalí]],<ref name="sixties" /> onye kpọrọ ya ka ọ nọrọ otu izu na ya na [[Cadaqués]] n’afọ 1968.<ref name="Deluxe67">Deluxe, 2013. p. 67</ref> Hardy bụkwa onye a na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ndị nọ na gburugburu [[Swinging London]] nọ,<ref name="bagatelas" /><ref name="abc" /> ma o kwetara na ọ bụ “isi iyi nke mmasị pụrụ iche nye ndị na-egwu pop Bekee.”<ref name="mortality" /> [[Malcolm McLaren]] kọwara ya dịka “onye kachasị elu n’ụdị [[pinup girl]], nke e tinyere foto ya n’ụlọ ihi ụra nke ndị na-amụ egwu pop niile na-achọ ịdị n’ihu oge na [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]. Ọtụtụ ndị otu egwu n’oge ha kacha ewu ewu, dịka [[the Beatles]] ma ọ bụ [[The Rolling Stones|the Stones]], na-arọ nrọ iso ya nwee mmekọrịta ịhụnanya.”<ref name="Deluxe60">Deluxe, 2013. p. 60</ref> Oyiyi ya dọtara mmasị nke [[David Bowie]] mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata,<ref name="monkeyreview" /> [[Mick Jagger]] (onye kpọrọ ya “nwanyị kacha zuru oke” n’anya ya),<ref name="mortality" /> [[Brian Jones]],<ref name="HardyThree" /> [[Morrissey]],<ref name="vanityfair" /> na [[Richard Thompson (musician)|Richard Thompson]].<ref name="uncut" /> [[Bob Dylan]] nwere nnukwu mmasị n’ebe Hardy nọ ma tinye [[beat poem]] e dere maka ya n’azụ mkpuchi albọm ya nke 1964, ''[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]''.<ref name="uncut" /><ref name="mortality">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/apr/29/francoise-hardy-interview-personne-d-autre-album|access-date=10 May 2021|work=[[The Observer]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|title=Françoise Hardy: 'I sing about death in a symbolic, even positive way'|first=Sean|last=O'Hagan|date=29 April 2018|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011234/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/apr/29/francoise-hardy-interview-personne-d-autre-album|url-status=live}}</ref> Uri ahụ malitere: “for françoise hardy/at the seine's edge/a giant shadow/of notre dame/seeks t' grab my foot/sorbonne students/whirl by on thin bicycles/swirlin' lifelike colors of leather spin...”<ref name="npr" /><ref>{{cite AV media notes|author=[[Bob Dylan]]|year=1964|title=[[Another Side of Bob Dylan]]|type=LP record|publisher=[[Columbia Records]]|id=CS 8993}}</ref> N’afọ 2018, Hardy gwara ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'' na o nwere ụfọdụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke uri ahụ Dylan hapụrụ n’otu ụlọ kọfị. Ọ sịrị, “... Obi metụrụ m nnọọ aka. Ọ bụ nwoke dị afọ ntorobịa, onye na-ese ihe nwere mmetụta ịhụnanya nke ukwuu, onye nwere mmasị pụrụ iche n’ebe mmadụ nọ naanị n’ihi foto ya. Ị ma otú ndị ntorobịa si adị... Achọpụtara m na nke a dị ezigbo mkpa nye ya.”<ref name="uncut" /> Hardy na Dylan zutere na Mee 1966 n’azụ ikpo okwu nke ngosi ya na Olympia.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.fr/bob-dylan-francoise-hardy/|title=La chanteuse Françoise Hardy a reçu des ébauches de lettres d'amour écrites de la main de Bob Dylan, datant des années 60.|access-date=14 May 2021|date=18 April 2018|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|location=France|language=French|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514201543/https://www.rollingstone.fr/bob-dylan-francoise-hardy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe Dylan hụrụ na Hardy nọ n’etiti ndị na-ekiri ya, ọ jụrụ ịlaghachi n’ikpo okwu ka o mee akụkụ nke abụọ nke ngosi ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na Hardy agaghị abịa n’ụlọ mgbakwasa uwe ya.<ref name="HardyFour" /><ref name="passion">{{cite web|language=French|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/bob-dylan-une-passion-francaise-1314985|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Bob Dylan, une passion française|date=12 May 2021|first=Laurent-David|last=Samama|work=[[Les Echos (France)|Les Echos]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515053245/https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/bob-dylan-une-passion-francaise-1314985|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na-agụ egwú mechara soro Dylan gaa n’ụlọ nkwari akụ ya na [[Four Seasons Hotel George V]],<ref name="passion" /> ebe o nyere ya mbipụta mbụ nke egwu “[["Just Like a Woman]]” na “[["I Want You (Bob Dylan song)|I Want You]]”.<ref name="HardyFour" /> ===Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị=== Dị ka onye a ma ama n’ihu ọha, a maara Hardy nke ọma maka ịdị ya n’ezoghị ọnụ gbasara echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya,<ref name="sixties"/> nke a kọwara dịka nke [[right-wing]].<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/><ref name="gay"/> A zụlitere ya n’ezinụlọ [[Gaullist]], ma o kwuru na ''Télérama'' n’afọ 2011, sị: “Anaghị m akwado ihe niile a na-ekwu ma ọ bụ a na-eme n’aka nri, ma anaghịkwa m elelị ihe niile a na-eme ma ọ bụ a na-ekwu n’aka [[Left-wing politics|aka ekpe]]... n’eziokwu, abụ m onye nọ n’etiti ụzọ ([[centrist]]).”<ref name="QuinoneroEnfance"/> N’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 2008, o dere na naanị ihe ọ na-ahụ onwe ya n’ime ya bụ [[Environmentalism|nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi]], nke ọ kpọrọ ihe “na-abụghị nke aka nri ma ọ bụ nke aka ekpe.”<ref name="HardyThirteen"/> Mgbe ọ na-akwalite album ya ''Décalages'', Hardy nyere magazin ''Rockland'' ajụjụ ọnụ. Mkparịta ụka ahụ gbagoro n’ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe [[1988 French presidential election]] mere ụbọchị gara aga,<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> ma n’ihi na ọ chere na akụkụ ahụ bụ mkparịta ụka na-abụghị maka ibipụta, Hardy gosipụtara nlelị ya n’ebe ndị nọ n’aka ekpe nọ.<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> O were iwe mgbe e bipụtara akụkụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, ma chebe onwe ya n’ajụjụ ọnụ telivishọn ya na [[Thierry Ardisson]] n’ụbọchị 13 Mee, ebe ọ kọwara esemokwu o nwere na onye na-abụ abụ [[Renaud]], na-ekwu na Renaud kparịrị ya n’ihi nkwado ya nye Minista Omenala [[François Léotard]].<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> N’ajụjụ ọnụ ''Rockland'' ahụ, o kwukwara banyere [[racism in France]], sị: “A naghị ekwu maka [[Anti-French sentiment|ịkpa ókè megide ndị France]], ebe e nwere ụfọdụ ebe ị ga-adị mfe ịbanye ma ọ bụrụ na ị bụghị onye France,”<ref name="QuinoneroDecalages"/> ma kwukwara banyere [[antisemitism in France|mmegbu megide ndị Juu]], na-atụ aro na “ndị na-ahụ ya ebe niile nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ ya n’onwe ha.”<ref name="HardyThirteen">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Thirteen"</ref> Onye na-abụ abụ ahụ mechara dee n’akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya na ọ wepụrụ onwe ya n’echiche ndị ahụ.<ref name="HardyThirteen"/> Hardy bụ onye na-emegide [[solidarity tax on wealth]] (French: ''impôt de solidarité sur la fortune''; ISF). Ọ kwadoro [[tax shield]] nke ọchịchị [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] tinyere n’ọrụ na 2010 ma katọọ atụmatụ ụtụ isi nke [[François Hollande]] n’oge [[2012 French presidential election]], na-agwa ''Paris Match'' sị: “Ekwenyere m na ọtụtụ mmadụ aghọtaghị ọdachi ISF na-ebute ndị nọ n’ọnọdụ m. A na-amanye m, mgbe m fọrọ nke nta ka m bụrụ afọ iri asaa ma na-arịa ọrịa, ire ụlọ m ma kwaga ebe ọzọ.”<ref name="QuinoneroISF"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20120410-programme-fiscal-hollande-deplait-francoise-hardy-chanteuse|title=Françoise Hardy dénonce le programme fiscal de François Hollande|access-date=12 May 2021|date=10 April 2012|publisher=[[France 24]]|first=Ségolène|last=Allemandou|language=French|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512195529/https://www.france24.com/fr/20120410-programme-fiscal-hollande-deplait-francoise-hardy-chanteuse|url-status=live}}</ref> Nke a mere ka nwa ya nwoke, Thomas Dutronc, dee na [[Twitter]]: “Ma mba mama, echegbula onwe gị, aga m akpọrọ gị ka ị bịa biri n’ụlọ m ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa...”<ref name="moches"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ThomasDutronc/status/190170066594181121|title=Mais non maman, ne t'inquiète pas je t'inviterais chez moi au cas où...|publisher=[[Thomas Dutronc]] on [[Twitter]]|access-date=12 May 2021|date=11 April 2012|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512195530/https://twitter.com/ThomasDutronc/status/190170066594181121|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy mechara gọnarị akụkọ na ọ ga-abụ onye na-enweghị ebe obibi ma kọwaa na “ọdachi ahụ bụ ndị mmadụ na-efunahụ ọrụ ha n’ihi mbufe ọrụ gaa mba ọzọ na [[European debt crisis|nsogbu ụgwọ Europe]].”<ref name="QuinoneroISF"/> Hardy kwupụtara nkwado ya maka ime ka [[legality of abortion|ime ime akwụsị n’afọ]] bụrụ ihe iwu kwadoro, n’agbanyeghị na ọ kewapụrụ onwe ya na [[feminism]].<ref name="HardyFive">Hardy, 2018 [2008], "Five"</ref> N’afọ 2015, onye na-abụ abụ ahụ katọrọ [[Feminist movement|ndị na-akwado feminism]] n’edemede ([[essay]]) ya "Avis non autorisés ...", ebe o dere: “Ahụrụ m ha dịka ndị iwe na-ejide, ndị na-adịghị mma n’anya, ya bụ, ndị na-enweghị àgwà nwanyị ọbụla. Enwebeghị m ike ịhụ ihe ọ bụla jikọrọ m na ndị feminists. N’agbanyeghị nke ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ n’ime ha m gaara eji bụrụ ihe atụ...”<ref name="moches">{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/pour-francoise-hardy-les-feministes-sont-hargneuses-et-moches-363365-06-03-2015/|language=French|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|access-date=12 May 2021|date=6 March 2015|title=Pour Françoise Hardy, les féministes sont " hargneuses " et " moches "|last=Boinet|first=Carole|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512052217/https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/pour-francoise-hardy-les-feministes-sont-hargneuses-et-moches-363365-06-03-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eloise-bouton/francoise-hardy-feminisme_b_6826950.html|title=Françoise Hardy ou la misogynie à l'ancienne|access-date=12 May 2021|date=9 March 2015|work=[[HuffPost]]|first=Éloïse|last=Bouton|language=French|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512052217/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eloise-bouton/francoise-hardy-feminisme_b_6826950.html|url-status=live}}</ref> N’oge [[2017–2018 protests in France]], Hardy kwupụtara nkwado ya nye Onye isi ala [[Emmanuel Macron]]. O kwuru, sị: “Anyị kwesịrị ikwe ka ọ gbanwee France. Otu akụkụ nke ndị France achọghị ịhụ eziokwu ma rapara n’ime [[Marxist ideology]]. Ihe masịrị m banyere Onye isi ala Macron bụ na ọ bụ onye nwere ọhụụ ma ọ bụghị onye na-agbaso echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpuru ìsì, ma o guzoro ike n’eziokwu.”<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041625/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/arts/francoise-hardy-interview.html|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/09/arts/francoise-hardy-interview.html|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=12 May 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Françoise Hardy, a French National Treasure, Is Back from the Brink|date=9 May 2018|first=Agnès C.|last=Poirier}}</ref> N’oge [[2023 French pension reform strikes]], ọ gwara [[Le Journal du Dimanche]] na “ihere na-eme m maka ihe na-eme na France,” n’ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na “mgba ọrụ ugboro ugboro” ga-eme ka ndị njem nleta ghara ịbịa, ma ọ kwadorokwa [[2023 French pension reform law|iwu mgbanwe ụgwọ ezumike nka]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Loridan |first1=Carla |title="J'ai honte de ce qui se passe en France" : Francoise Hardy défend la réforme des retraites |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/people/j-ai-honte-de-ce-qui-se-passe-en-france-francoise-hardy-defend-la-reforme-des-retraites_AN-202304090146.html |website=BFM TV |date=9 April 2023 |access-date=12 June 2024 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612072649/https://www.bfmtv.com/people/j-ai-honte-de-ce-qui-se-passe-en-france-francoise-hardy-defend-la-reforme-des-retraites_AN-202304090146.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Ihe nketa na mmetụta== :Ole na ole n’ime ihe ndị mara mma na-anọgide ogologo oge n’echiche mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na egwu ụmụ agbọghọ yé-yé bụ mgbe niile ìhè na-atọ ụtọ nke na-adọrọ mmasị, nke Françoise Hardy na-adịgide dịka nke kacha emetụta n’ihi mgbagwoju anya mmetụta uche ya, ngwakọta zuru oke nke agụụ maka oge gara aga na nke ga-abịa, nke a na-abụ n’ụzọ dị oke nso n’obi. Taa, ọ pụrụ ịdị ka obere ihe na-enweghị nnukwu mkpa, ma n’oge ahụ, n’afọ iri isii nke narị afọ gara aga, ịnụ egwu gbasara obi mgbawa n’ọnụ nwanyị a nwere olu dị nro ma na-abanye n’ime obi mmadụ bụ ihe ama ama pụrụ iche. — Fernando Navarro, ''[[El País]]'', 2020.<ref name="bagatelas">{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/26/ruta_norteamericana/1598470753_686835.html|title=Rompedoras (IV): Françoise Hardy, la bagatela más esplendorosa|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|last=Navarro|first=Fernando|date=26 August 2020|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513021000/https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/26/ruta_norteamericana/1598470753_686835.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A na-eme emume Hardy dịka “akụ mba France”<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name="uncut"/><ref name="npr">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647068156/fran-oise-hardy-remains-frances-national-treasure|title=Françoise Hardy Remains France's National Treasure|access-date=26 May 2021|date=12 September 2018|last=Beardsley|first=Eleanor|publisher=[[NPR]]|archive-date=28 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628124508/https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647068156/fran-oise-hardy-remains-frances-national-treasure|url-status=live}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ndị kasị ukwuu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Music of France|egwu France]].<ref name="monkey" /> Ọ bụ otu n’ime ndị na-ese egwu rere ndekọ kacha ukwuu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme France, ebe e rere ihe karịrị nde 7.6 nke ndekọ ya ruo Novemba 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Vente_Artiste.php|language=French|title=Bilan des Ventes globales (Albums & Chansons) par Artiste|access-date=23 May 2021|year=2018|publisher=InfoDisc|first1=Daniel|last1=Lesueur|first2=Dominic|last2=Durand|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160404203703/http://www.infodisc.fr/Vente_Artiste.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Onye nkatọ America [[Richie Unterberger]] kọwara ya dịka “n’enweghị mgbagha, onye na-ese pop-rock kacha mma sitere na mba ahụ n’afọ iri isii nke 1960s”,<ref name="originales">{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/francoise-hardy-les-versions-originales/|author-link=Richie Unterberger|date=3 December 2015|title=Françoise Hardy: Les Versions Originales|publisher=Folkrocks|access-date=13 May 2021|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513042445/http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/francoise-hardy-les-versions-originales/|url-status=live}}</ref> ma kwuo na ọ ga-achọ ịhụ ka a na-etinye Hardy n’ụlọ nsọ [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-an-alternate-top-ten/|author-link=Richie Unterberger|date=17 June 2014|title=The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: An Alternate Top Ten|publisher=Folkrocks|access-date=13 May 2021|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513043925/http://www.richieunterberger.com/wordpress/the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-an-alternate-top-ten/|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 2011, a tinyere Hardy n’ime ''[[Petit Larousse|Le Petit Larousse Illustré]]''.<ref name="QuinoneroISF">Quinonero, 2017, "La pluie..., Hollande et l'ISF"</ref> Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe oge kachasị ewu ewu ya n’afọ 1960s gasịrị, a ka na-ewere Hardy dịka onye dị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ejiji.<ref name="id">{{cite web|url=https://i-d.co/article/francoise-hardy-most-iconic-outfits-fashion-french-style/|title=7 of Françoise Hardy's most iconic outfits|first=Zoë|last=Kendall|access-date=6 May 2021|date=22 January 2021|work=[[i-D]]|publisher=[[Vice Media]]|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506211343/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/epdqm7/francoise-hardy-most-iconic-outfits-fashion-french-style|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vanguardistes">{{cite web|url=https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/mode/styles-de-people/1869854-francoise-hardy-look-tenues-photos/|language=French|access-date=10 May 2021|title=Les looks avant-gardistes de Françoise Hardy|publisher=Le Journal des femmes. [[Groupe Figaro]]|date=29 January 2019|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510204504/https://www.journaldesfemmes.fr/mode/styles-de-people/1869854-francoise-hardy-look-tenues-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="achieve"/><ref name="10lessons">{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/style-lessons-from-francoise-hardy|work=[[British Vogue]]|access-date=21 May 2021|last=Fearon|first=Faye|title=10 Style Lessons To Take From Françoise Hardy For The Season Ahead|date=17 January 2018|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521183824/https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/style-lessons-from-francoise-hardy|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na [[Balenciaga]], onye nrụpụta ejiji [[Nicolas Ghesquière]] kọwara ya na ''Vogue'' dịka “ezigbo ọdịdị nke ụdị ejiji France”.<ref name="achieve" /> Foto ndị na-egosi onye na-abụ abụ ahụ yi uwe ígwè nke [[Paco Rabanne]] mere kpaliri [[Lizzy Gardiner]] n’ichepụta uwe maka ''[[Priscilla, Queen of the Desert]]'' nakwa uwe [[67th Academy Awards|Oscar]] nke ya.<ref name="gay"/> Hardy bụkwa onye na-enye mmụọ nsọ nye onye nrụpụta Japan [[Rei Kawakubo]], onye kpọrọ akara ejiji ya [[Comme des Garçons]] aha sitere n’otu ahịrịokwu n’abụ “Tous les garçons et les filles”.<ref name="10lessons"/> N’oge ọrụ ya niile, Hardy nwetara nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-akwado ya n’etiti [[gay men]], ma obodo ahụ na-ewere ya dịka [[gay icon]]. Ọ kwuru ọtụtụ ugboro na ndị enyi ya na ndị na-akwado ya kacha ntụkwasị obi bụ ndị nwoke nwere mmasị n’ebe nwoke ibe ha nọ.<ref name="gay">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCxfDwAAQBAJ |title=Gay Icons: The (Mostly) Female Entertainers Gay Men Love |last=Guilbert |first=Georges-Claude |year=2018 |publisher=McFarland |access-date=1 August 2018 |pages=85–86 |isbn=9781476674339 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011218/https://books.google.com/books?id=zCxfDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> A na-ahụ mmetụta egwu Hardy n’ọrụ ndị na-ese egwu Francophone dịka [[Coralie Clément]],<ref name="monkey"/> [[La Femme (band)|La Femme]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rocknfolk.com/albums/la-femme-mystere/8680|title=La Femme: Mystère|language=French|access-date=15 May 2021|work=[[Rock & Folk]]|date=17 September 2016|last=Farkas|first=Basile|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515202138/https://www.rocknfolk.com/albums/la-femme-mystere/8680|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Juliette Armanet]],<ref name="vanityfair"/> [[Melody's Echo Chamber]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/melodys_echo_chamber_interview|access-date=15 May 2021|title=Melody's Echo Chamber: Location, Location, Location|date=7 September 2012|first=Laura|last=Studarus|work=[[Under the Radar (magazine)|Under the Radar]]|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185222/http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/melodys_echo_chamber_interview|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Keren Ann]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2004/music/reviews/keren-ann-1200531509/|title=Keren Ann|date=25 August 2004|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=15 May 2021|last=Sprague|first=David|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193652/https://variety.com/2004/music/reviews/keren-ann-1200531509/|url-status=live}}</ref> na [[Carla Bruni]], onye ṅomiri ụdị Hardy mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya.<ref name="tentaciones">{{cite web|url=https://tentaciones.elpais.com/2011/11/hardy.html|work=Tentaciones. [[El País]]|language=Spanish|access-date=13 May 2021|date=8 November 2011|title=Françoise Hardy, la más bella del baile|first=Carles|last=Gámez|archive-date=10 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110131838/https://tentaciones.elpais.com/2011/11/hardy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ndị odee akọwawo mmetụta ya n’egwu otu [[avant-pop]] Bekee [[Stereolab]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FI3dVT9t34C&pg=PA150|page=150|access-date=11 May 2021|author-link=Simon Reynolds|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|year=2011|title=Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past|isbn=978-0865479944|publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]]|archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011140/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FI3dVT9t34C&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/where-to-start-stereolab|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Where To Start... Stereolab|date=19 June 2019|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512090247/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/where-to-start-stereolab|url-status=live}}</ref> gụnyere myirịta dị n’etiti olu Hardy na nke onye ndu otu ahụ [[Lætitia Sadier]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/stereolab,-le-retour-dun-groupe-de-rock-aussi-culte-que-meconnu,n6280919.php|language=French|access-date=11 May 2021|title=Stereolab, le retour d'un groupe de rock aussi culte que méconnu|date=8 June 2019|first=Marc|last=Zisman|work=[[Télérama]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511183427/https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/stereolab,-le-retour-dun-groupe-de-rock-aussi-culte-que-meconnu,n6280919.php|url-status=live}}</ref> N’èzí ụwa na-asụ French, a kpọtụrụ Hardy dịka onye nyere mmụọ nsọ nye ọtụtụ ndị nwanyị na-ede ma na-abụ abụ dịka [[Caroline Polachek]], [[Charli XCX]], [[Angel Olsen]], [[Candie Payne]], [[Erin Rae]], [[Heather Trost]], [[Violetta Zironi]], [[Zooey Deschanel]] na [[Cat Power]].<ref name="monkey"/> Hardy metụtakwa ọtụtụ ndị na-ese egwu ọzọ dịka [[Broadcast (band)|Broadcast]], [[Goldfrapp]], [[Jeremy Jay]], [[The Chap (band)|The Chap]] na [[Xeno & Oaklander]]. N’otu isiokwu e dere maka Into Creative, onye nduzi ihe nkiri Grant McPhee kọwara ya dịka “nwa agbọghọ nnọchianya maka ndị ihere na-eme na ihe oyiyi nrọ nke na-eme ka ha kwere na ha nwekwara ike ịdị mma ma maa mma.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=French Girl Pop – An Introduction |url=https://intocreative.co.uk/french-girl-pop-an-introduction/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Into Creative |date=24 November 2022 |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103205344/https://intocreative.co.uk/french-girl-pop-an-introduction/ |url-status=live }}</ref> N’afọ 2021, [[Rivers Cuomo]] nke otu rock America [[Weezer]] kpọrọ Hardy otu n’ime “echiche ụda” ya kacha mkpa,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/weezer-ok-human/|title=Weezer: OK Human Album Review|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=11 May 2021|date=1 February 2021|last=Cohen|first=Ian|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428172855/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/weezer-ok-human/|url-status=live}}</ref> ma kwuo na album ya ''Message personnel'' metụtara ya nke ukwuu.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weezer-new-album-ok-human-all-my-favorite-songs-video-1116969/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=5 June 2021|title=Weezer Preview New LP 'OK Human' With 'All My Favorite Songs'|date=21 January 2021|last1=Kreps|first1=Daniel|last2=Legaspi|first2=Althea|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619134954/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/weezer-new-album-ok-human-all-my-favorite-songs-video-1116969/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Greg Gonzalez]] nke otu [[dream pop]] America [[Cigarettes After Sex]] kpọrọ Hardy otu n’ime mmetụta egwu ya kachasị ukwuu,<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68IuU4Xnb2Y|access-date=11 May 2021|date=10 January 2018|medium=[[YouTube]]|title=Cigarettes After Sex : " Mes grandes influences ? Françoise Hardy et Erik Satie "|publisher=[[Radio Nova (France)|Radio Nova]]|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511055948/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68IuU4Xnb2Y|url-status=live}}</ref> na-ekwu na 2016: “''La question'' zuru oke nke ukwuu; achọrọ m ụdị ịma mma ahụ.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-diehard-romanticism-of-cigarettes-after-sex/|title=The Diehard Romanticism of Cigarettes After Sex|last1=Cacouris|first1=Christina|date=17 February 2016|publisher=Noisey. [[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|access-date=27 October 2016|archive-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028020323/https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/the-diehard-romanticism-of-cigarettes-after-sex|url-status=live}}</ref> Album cult nke 1971, ''La question'', pụtara na ndepụta ''The Guardian'' nke “album 1000 a ga-anụ tupu mmadụ anwụọ”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/nov/19/1000tohearbeforeyoudie5|work=The Guardian|title=1000 albums to hear before you die: Artists beginning with H (part 1)|access-date=12 May 2021|date=19 November 2007|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011653/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/nov/19/1000tohearbeforeyoudie5|url-status=live}}</ref> Album ahụ nwetara [[cult following]] mgbe e wepụtara ya<ref name="telerama16" /><ref name="franceinter" /><ref name="indiehoy">{{cite web |last=Allermann |first=Juan Ignacio |date=15 October 2021 |title=Françoise Hardy y los 50 años de La question, su obra maestra de culto |url=https://indiehoy.com/indieayer/francoise-hardy-y-los-50-anos-de-la-question-su-obra-maestra-de-culto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016000715/https://indiehoy.com/indieayer/francoise-hardy-y-los-50-anos-de-la-question-su-obra-maestra-de-culto/ |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=[[Indie Hoy]] |language=es}}</ref> ma mesịa bụrụ nke a na-ewere dịka elu kachasị elu nke nka Hardy.<ref name="efequestion">{{cite web |date=30 May 2020 |title=La question (1971), de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.efeeme.com/la-question-1971-de-francoise-hardy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412191312/https://www.efeeme.com/la-question-1971-de-francoise-hardy/ |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=27 April 2021 |publisher=Efe Eme |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="indiehoy" /> N’afọ 2017, Pitchfork tinyere ''Tous les garçons et les filles'' n’ọnọdụ nke iri itoolu (90) n’ime ndepụta ya nke “Album 200 Kachasị Mma nke Afọ 1960s”, ebe Marc Hogan kọwara ya dịka “nguzo siri ike n’etiti ụda egwu rockabilly na echiche miri emi nke ndị France, nke nwanyị kasị maa mma ma bụrụkwa onye na-anọkarị n’azụ ìgwè mmadụ na France nyefere n’ụzọ pụrụ iche.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/?page=6|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|title=The 200 Best Albums of the 1960s|access-date=12 May 2021|date=22 August 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225231319/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/?page=6|url-status=live}}</ref> N’afọ 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' tinyere Hardy n’ọnọdụ nke 162 n’ime ndepụta ya nke Ndị Na-abụ Egwu 200 Kasị Ukwuu n’Oge Niile.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=1 January 2023|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/francoise-hardy-1234642907/|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307220908/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/francoise-hardy-1234642907/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Nyocha nke onwe ya banyere ọrụ ya === Hardy na-akatọ album mbụ ya abụọ, ''Tous les garçons et les filles'' na ''Le premier bonheur du jour'', n’agbanyeghị nnukwu ewu ewu ha nwere.<ref name="uncut" /> O kwuru n’ajụjụ ọnụ e mere ya n’afọ 2018 na ọ “na-enwe nnukwu nkụda mmụọ n’ihi na ọchịchọ ya bụ ịnwe guitar eletrik mara mma... Kama nke ahụ, enwere m ndị na-egwu egwu France na-adịghị mma na mmepụta egwu jọgburu onwe ya.”<ref name="clash" /> Mgbe ọ gara London n’afọ 1963 iji dekọọ album ọhụrụ, o chere na ya enweela ohere “ime ụdị egwu ọzọ, ọ bụghị ụdị egwu igwe ahụ nke m tọrọ n’ime ya.”<ref name="mortality" /> N’agbanyeghị na album ndị o wepụtara na mbido afọ 1970s—''La question'', ''Et si je m'en vais avant toi'', na ''If You Listen''—emeghị nke ọma n’ahịa, Hardy chere na ha gosipụtara nke ọma nkà nka ya.<ref name="HardySeven" /> Karịsịa, o nwere nnukwu mpako banyere ''La question'', ma kwuo n’afọ 2008, sị: “Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwetaghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n’etiti ọha mmadụ n’ozuzu ha, enwere m ike ikwu na o metụrụ ụdị ndị na-ege ntị ọzọ aka... Ọtụtụ mgbe, album nwere nnukwu ebumnuche nwere ike ileghara anya mgbe mbụ e wepụtara ya, ma n’ikpeazụ ọ na-adịgide ogologo oge.”<ref name="HardySeven" /> N’ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''[[The Independent]]'' n’afọ 1996, Hardy kwuru na o kwenyere na ọtụtụ mmadụ amaghị nke ọma nkà ya dịka onye na-ese egwu, nakwa na ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ka ọ na-ekwu maka afọ 1960s na [[the Beatles]].<ref name="sixties" /> == Ndụ onwe onye == === Ezinụlọ === [[File:Fanclub1966JacquesDutronc.jpg|thumb|Hardy na onye egwu ibe ya [[Jacques Dutronc]] malitere mmekọrịta ha n’afọ 1967 ma lụọ di na nwunye n’afọ 1981.]] N’afọ 1962, Hardy malitere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na nke ọrụ ya na onye na-ese foto nke ''Salut Les Copains'', Jean-Marie Périer.<ref name="QuinoneroGarcon">Quinonero, 2017, "«L'amour d'un garçon / Peut tout changer»"</ref><ref name="Deluxe58"/> Ha anaghị ebikọ ọnụ, ma n’ihi ọrụ ha, ha na-anọkarị iche ogologo oge, nke metụtara mmekọrịta ahụ n’ụzọ na-adịghị mma.<ref name="HardyThree"/> Ha kewara n’afọ 1966,<ref name="HardyFour"/> mana ha gara n’ihu bụrụ ezigbo ndị enyi na ndị mmekọ ọrụ.<ref name="parismatch21"/> N’afọ 1967, Hardy malitere mmekọrịta a na-ekwukarị banyere ya n’ihu ọha na eze na onye na-abụ abụ [[Jacques Dutronc]].<ref name="NightfallJeneusse">{{cite web|url=http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6755_franoise-hardy-ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp.html|title=Françoise HARDY – Ma Jeunesse Fout Le Camp (1967)|author=Waltersmoke|access-date=27 May 2021|date=24 May 2014|language=French|publisher=Forces Parallèles. Nightfall.fr|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527030919/http://fp.nightfall.fr/index_6755_franoise-hardy-ma-jeunesse-fout-le-camp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QuinoneroVoudras">Quinonero, 2017, "«Le jour où tu voudras / Je serai là pour toi»"</ref> Mgbe nwa ha naanị ya, nwa nwoke aha ya bụ [[Thomas Dutronc|Thomas]], mụrụ na 16 Juun 1973,<ref name="QuinoneroThomas">Quinonero, 2017, "Thomas, l'enfant de l'amour"</ref> Hardy na Dutronc kwagara n’ụlọ nwere okpukpu atọ dị nso na [[Parc Montsouris]] n’oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1974.<ref name="QuinoneroThomas"/> Ezinụlọ ahụ na-aga kwa oge ọkọchị n’ụlọ Dutronc nwere na [[Lumio]] n’agwaetiti [[Corsica]].<ref name="QuinoneroThomas"/> Mgbe Thomas Dutronc toro, ọ malitekwara ọrụ ya dịka onye egwu.<ref name="resurreccion">{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/05/17/actualidad/1463486870_815121.html|language=Spanish|work=[[El País]]|access-date=29 May 2021|title=La resurrección musical de Françoise Hardy|date=19 May 2016|last=Gámez|first=Carles|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212320/https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/05/17/actualidad/1463486870_815121.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy na Dutronc lụrụ di na nwunye na 30 Maachị 1981 n’emume nzuzo.<ref name="ina81">{{cite web|url=https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1981-francoise-hardy-revele-son-opinion-sur-le-mariage/|language=French|access-date=11 May 2021|title=1981, Françoise Hardy révèle son opinion sur le mariage|date=29 March 2021|publisher=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]]|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510042057/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1981-francoise-hardy-revele-son-opinion-sur-le-mariage/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dị ka Hardy si kwuo, ha kwadoro mmekọrịta ha n’iwu n’ihi “ihe gbasara ụtụ isi”,<ref name="independent05"/> nakwa n’ihi ndụmọdụ onye ọka iwu Hardy nyere ya maka ihe gbasara ahụike na nchekwa.<ref name="ina81"/> Di na nwunye ahụ kewara n’afọ 1988 n’ihi mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ha na ndị ọzọ na nsogbu mmanya Dutronc nwere.<ref name="QuinoneroFaim"/><ref name="QuinoneroVII">Quinonero, 2017, "«ME PASSER DU MYSTÈRE DE MISTER» «Qu'y a-t-il sous votre carapace ? / Quels jardins secrets ? / L'un après l'autre / Tout est passé...»"</ref> Ha akwụsịghị alụmdi na nwunye ha n’iwu, ma mmekọrịta ha ghọrọ ụdị “enyi pụrụ iche”.<ref name="QuinoneroVII"/> N’afọ 2016, Hardy gwara ''Le Parisien'' na ọbụna mgbe Dutronc nwere onye òtù ọlụlụ ọhụrụ, ọ chọghị ịgba ya alụkwaghịm.<ref name="parisien16">{{cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/rechanter-sait-on-jamais-06-12-2016-6418329.php|title=VIDEOS. Françoise Hardy : " Rechanter ? Sait-on jamais... "|access-date=29 May 2021|date=6 December 2016|language=French|work=[[Le Parisien]]|last1=((Bureau))|first1=Éric|last2=Jaeglé|first2=Yves|last3=Kastler-Le Scour|first3=Élisabeth|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213816/https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/rechanter-sait-on-jamais-06-12-2016-6418329.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Ná mmalite afọ ndị 1980, ọ mụtara na nna ya, onye ọ na-anọghị nso, biri ndụ abụọ dịka nwoke nwoke ibe ya na-achọ n’ime nzuzo, mgbe otu n’ime ndị ntorobịa ọ hụrụ n’anya jiri nkwado ego nna ya na-enye ya mee nganga n’ihu otu n’ime ndị enyi Dutronc.<ref name="HardyEleven"/> Nna ya nwụrụ n’ụlọ ọgwụ na 6 Febrụwarị 1981 mgbe e merụsịrị ya ahụ n’ọgụ,<ref name="HardyEleven"/> ma eleghị anya site n’aka otu nwoke na-ere mmekọahụ,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/vip/videos-francoise-hardy-se-confie-sur-l-homosexualite-de-son-pere_1764577.html|title=VIDEOS. Françoise Hardy se confie sur l'homosexualité de son père|access-date=10 May 2021|date=17 February 2016|work=[[L'Express]]|language=French|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013023/https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/people/videos-francoise-hardy-se-confie-sur-l-homosexualite-de-son-pere_1764577.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ihe a na-akọghị n’akụkọ mgbasa ozi n’oge ahụ.<ref name="QuinoneroMariage">Quinonero, 2017, "Mariage et élections"</ref> Nwanne nwanyị Hardy, Michèle, tolitere n’enweghị ịhụnanya sitere n’aka nne na nna ha, ma nwee omume igbu onwe ya na mgbaàmà nke [[paranoid schizophrenic|paranoid schizophrenia]].<ref name="HardyFive"/> N’ọnwa Mee 2004, a hụrụ ya nwụrụ anwụ n’ụlọ ya dị na [[L'Île-Rousse]], ma eleghị anya n’ihi igbu onwe ya.<ref name="HardyEighteen"/> === Ahụike na ọnwụ === N’agbata njedebe afọ 2004 na mmalite afọ 2005, a chọpụtara na Hardy nwere [[MALT lymphoma]],<ref name="avisnon"/><ref name="QuinoneroDefera">Quinonero, 2017 "«Rien ne défera jamais nos liens»"</ref> nke malitere oge ọ kọwara dịka “oge ọkụ mmụọ” nke gbagburu ndụ ya n’usoro.<ref name="HardyEighteen"/> Ọ natara ọgwụgwọ [[chemotherapy]], nke rụpụtara ezigbo nsonaazụ na mbụ.<ref name="HardyEighteen"/> N’ọnwa Maachị 2015, ọnọdụ ahụike ya ka njọ, a kpọbatara ya n’ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe e tinyere ya n’ime [[artificial coma]] ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.<ref name="figaroavis"/> Mgbe ọ nọ n’ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ gbajiri ikpere ụkwụ na ikpere aka.<ref name="figaroavis"/> Ọ gwara ''Le Figaro'' n’afọ 2015: “Enwekwara m nnukwu nsogbu n’ịga ije... E nwere oge m na-enweghị ike ịhụ onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ịpụ apụ. Ma ana m anọgide na-enwe olileanya ọma... Ana m ezere iche banyere ya; ọ naghị achịkwa echiche m.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2015/03/04/03005-20150304ARTFIG00318-les-coups-de-griffe-de-francoise-hardy.php|title=Les coups de griffe de Françoise Hardy|language=French|work=[[Le Figaro]]|access-date=26 May 2021|first=Mohammed|last=Aïssaoui|date=4 March 2015|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526181643/https://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2015/03/04/03005-20150304ARTFIG00318-les-coups-de-griffe-de-francoise-hardy.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardy gara n’ihu ịnata ọgwụgwọ chemotherapy ọzọ na [[immunotherapy]].<ref name="diseasertl">{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/euthanasie-je-ne-peux-rester-a-attendre-que-la-mort-arrive-confie-francoise-hardy-7900017283|language=French|access-date=6 May 2021|title=Euthanasie : "Je ne peux rester à attendre que la mort arrive", confie Françoise Hardy|first1=Flavie|last1=Flament|first2=Emmanuelle|last2=Brisson|date=7 April 2021|publisher=[[RTL (French radio)|RTL]]|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053245/https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/euthanasie-je-ne-peux-rester-a-attendre-que-la-mort-arrive-confie-francoise-hardy-7900017283|url-status=live}}</ref> Ahụike ya gara n’ihu ịka njọ, ma n’afọ 2021 ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama n’ịkwado iwu ga-eme ka [[physician-assisted suicide]] bụrụ ihe kwere omume na France. O kwuru na ajụjụ ọnụ dị iche iche na, ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ya aghọọ ihe na-adịghị anabata ma mee ka ọ ghara ime “ihe ndị ndụ [ya] chọrọ”, ọ ga-achọ euthanasia, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gaghị enwe ohere ime ya n’iwu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-l-hymne-a-l-amour-1729389|language=French|access-date=6 May 2021|quote=Quand mon état deviendra encore plus insupportable, je n'aurai, hélas, pas le soulagement de savoir que je peux me faire euthanasier. La France est inhumaine sur ce plan-là.|title=Françoise Hardy: "Je n'ai pas peur de mourir mais j'ai très, très peur de souffrir"|work=[[Paris Match]]|date=17 March 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053250/https://www.parismatch.com/People/Francoise-Hardy-l-hymne-a-l-amour-1729389|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="diseasertl" /> N’otu afọ ahụkwa, ọ kpughere na ọ pụghịzi ịbụ abụ n’ihi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ndị ahụ nwere n’ahụ ya.<ref name="parismatch21" /> Hardy nwụrụ n’ihi [[laryngeal cancer]] na Paris na 11 Juun 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 80.<ref name="lemonde">{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/06/11/francoise-hardy-icone-de-la-culture-pop-est-morte_6238944_3382.html|title=Françoise Hardy, icône de la culture pop, est morte|publisher=Le Monde|accessdate=11 June 2024|date=11 June 2024|language=French|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612011748/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/06/11/francoise-hardy-icone-de-la-culture-pop-est-morte_6238944_3382.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ tara ahụhụ site n’ịda ugboro ugboro na mgbaji ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche.<ref name="lemonde" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/francoise-hardy-french-pop-singer-and-fashion-muse-dies-aged-80|title=Françoise Hardy, French pop singer and fashion muse, dies aged 80|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013919/https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/francoise-hardy-french-pop-singer-and-fashion-muse-dies-aged-80|url-status=live |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben }}</ref> Nwa ya nwoke kwupụtara ọnwụ ya na [[Instagram]], dee, “Mama apụọla...”<ref name="letempsobit">{{cite web |last1=Perrin |first1=Oliver |title=Françoise Hardy, notre âme en peine: Hommage Malade depuis deux décennies, la chanteuse et icône de la culture pop s'en est allée à l'âge de 80 ans. Elle était admirée pour son talent, son courage, et sa volonté tenace cachée dans l'ombre de ses doutes susurrés pendant un demi-siècle |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066988225 |id={{ProQuest|3066988225}}|website=[[Le Temps]] |language=fr |access-date=18 July 2024 |date=13 June 2024}}</ref> e mere emume ikpeazụ maka ya na [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] n’ụlọ crematorium na columbarium ya.<ref name="Figaro/AFP 2024-06-15">{{cite news |agency=AFP |title=Les obsèques de Françoise Hardy se tiendront jeudi à Paris |trans-title=The funeral of Françoise Hardy will be held on Thursday in Paris |website=Le Figaro |date=2024-06-15 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/les-obseques-de-francoise-hardy-se-tiendront-jeudi-a-paris-20240615 |language=fr |access-date=2024-06-16}}</ref> ==Ihe nkiri egwu ahọpụtara== {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Tous les garçons et les filles (album)|Tous les garçons et les filles]] (All The Boys And Girls)'') (1962)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectrumculture.com/2015/10/27/francoise-hardy-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|title=Françoise Hardy: Tous les garçons et les filles, Le Premier Bonheur du jour, Mon Amie la rose, L'Amitié, La Maison oú j'ai grandi|last1=Paul|first1=John|date=27 October 2015|website=|publisher=Spectrum Culture|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125230751/http://spectrumculture.com/2015/10/27/francoise-hardy-tous-les-garcons-et-les-filles-le-premier-bonheur-du-jour-mon-amie-la-rose-lamitie-la-maison-ou-jai-grandi/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy (1963 album)|Le premier bonheur du jour]] (The First Good Time Of The Day)'') (1963)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/202934-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy|title=Françoise Hardy – Françoise Hardy|access-date=4 April 2022|website=Discogs.com|date=1963 |archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324203725/https://www.discogs.com/master/202934-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy|url-status=live}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy canta per voi in italiano]] (English: Françoise Hardy Sings For You In Italian'') (1963)<ref>Catalogue number: LPJ 5034.</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Mon amie la rose (album)|Mon amie la rose]] (My Friend The Rose'') (1964)<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Jones (journalist) |last2= Jopling |first2= Norman |date=27 February 1965 |title=Francoise Hardy |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/65/Record-Mirror-1965-02-27-S-OCR.pdf |magazine=[[Record Mirror]] |issue=207 |page=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401225353/https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/65/Record-Mirror-1965-02-27-S-OCR.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2022|access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[L'amitié]] (Friendship'') (1965)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ariza Lázaro |first=Sergio |date=17 January 2017 |title=Las 10 mejores canciones de Françoise Hardy |url=https://www.diariocritico.com/musica/francoise-hardy-mejores-canciones |access-date=26 March 2021 |publisher=Diariocrítico.com |language=Spanish |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130054053/https://www.diariocritico.com/musica/francoise-hardy-mejores-canciones |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[Françoise Hardy Sings in English|In English]]'' (1966)<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Jones (journalist) |last2= Jopling |first2= Norman |date=14 May 1966 |title=Francoise Hardy: ''Sings in English'' |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/66/Record-Mirror-1966-05-14.pdf |magazine=[[Record Mirror]] |issue=270 |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401225734/https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Record-Mirror/60s/66/Record-Mirror-1966-05-14.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2022|access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[La maison où j'ai grandi (album)|La maison où j'ai grandi]] (The House Where I Grew Up)'') (1966)<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r330373|pure_url=yes}} Maison Ou J'ai Grandi – overview], [[Allmusic]]. Accessed on line 1 May 2009.</ref> * ''[[Ma jeunesse fout le camp...]] (My Youth Is Leaving...)'' (1967)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149|language=French|title=Les trésors de nos discothèques. Françoise Hardy a chanté tant de belles choses|last=Trodaec|first=Michel|date=8 April 2020|work=[[Ouest-France]]|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213817/https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/musiques/les-tresors-de-nos-discotheques-francoise-hardy-chante-tant-de-belles-choses-6803149|url-status=live}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha (''[[Françoise Hardy (1968 album)|Comment te dire adieu]] (How To Say Goodbye To You)'') (1968)<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754|title = Cover versions of It Hurts to Say Goodbye by Margaret Whiting &#124; SecondHandSongs|website = SecondHandSongs|access-date = 11 June 2024|archive-date = 8 October 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023158/http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754|url-status = dead|accessdate = 4 June 2026|archivedate = 8 October 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008023158/http://www.secondhandsongs.com/song/44754}}</ref> * Abọm na-enweghị aha ([[La question (album)|''La Question'']] (''The Question'') (1971)<ref name="Weiner 19" /> * ''[[Personne d'autre]] (Nobody Else)'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|title=Personne d"Autre – Françoise Hardy|publisher=AllMusic.com|last=Jurek|first=Thom|accessdate=23 May 2018|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200637/https://www.allmusic.com/album/personne-dautre-mw0003160885|url-status=live}}</ref> }} ==Ihe nkiri== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- !scope="col"| Year !scope="col"| Title !scope="col"| Role !Director !scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes !scope="col"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | 1963 !scope=row| ''[[Château en Suède|Nutty, Naughty Chateau]] (Château en Suède)'' | Ophélie | [[Roger Vadim]] | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Deluxe60"/> |- | 1964 !scope=row| ''[[The Hully Gully Boys]]'' ({{ill|I Ragazzi Dell'Hully Gully|it|italic=yes}}) | rowspan="2"| Herself | Marcello Giannini na [[Carlo Infascelli]] | rowspan="2"| onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ragazzi"/> |- | rowspan="3"| 1965 !scope=row| ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone|This Crazy, Crazy World of Song]] (Questo Pazzo, Pazzo Mondo Della Canzone)'' | [[Bruno Corbucci]] na [[Giovanni Grimaldi]] | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="questo"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]'' | Mayor's secretary | [[Clive Donner]] | ọdịdị cameo | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Deluxe60"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[Altissima pressione|Highest Pressure]] (Altissima Pressione)'' | Herself | [[Enzo Trapani]] | onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="larkin"/> |- | rowspan="4"| 1966 !scope=row| ''[[Une balle au cœur|Devil at My Heels]] (Une balle au cœur)'' | Anna | [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]] | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="HardyThree"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[Masculin Féminin|Masculine Feminine]]'' | American officer's companion | [[Jean-Luc Godard]] | ọdịdị cameo | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="godard"/> |- !scope=row| ''Europe Sing (Europa Canta)'' | Herself | [[José Luis Merino]] | onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="larkin"/> |- !scope=row| ''[[Grand Prix (1966 film)|Grand Prix]]'' | Lisa | [[John Frankenheimer]] | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="QuioneroCineaste"/> |- | 1968 !scope=row| ''[[Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose|Monte Carlo: It's The Rose]] (Monte Carlo: C'est La Rose)'' | Herself | [[Michael Pfleghar]] | ihe ngosi telivishọn pụrụ iche | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="larkin"/> |- | 1969 !scope=row| ''The Man Who Came From Cher (L'Homme Qui Venait du Cher)'' | Suzanne | Pierre Desfons | ihe nkiri telivishọn | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="cher"/> |- | 1972 !scope=row| ''[[The Doves]]'' ({{ill|Les Colombes|fr|italic=yes}}) | Young hippie | [[Jean-Claude Lord]] | ọdịdị cameo | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="colombes">{{cite web |last=Ramond |first=Charles-Henri |date=6 October 2020 |title=Colombes, Les – Film de Jean-Claude Lord |trans-title=The Doves – Film by Jean-Claude Lord |url=https://www.filmsquebec.com/films/colombes-jean-claude-lord/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521075854/https://www.filmsquebec.com/films/colombes-jean-claude-lord/ |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |publisher=Films du Québec |language=French}}</ref> |- | 1976 !scope=row| ''[[Second Chance (1976 film)|If I Had to Do It All Over Again]] (Si C'Était à Refaire)'' | Herself | [[Claude Lelouch]] | onye na-eme egwu | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="QuinoneroFilmography">Quinonero, 2017, "Annexe: Filmographie"</ref> |} ==Ọrụ ebipụtara== ;Ọgụgụ Eluigwe * ''Le grand livre de la Vierge (The Great Book Of The Virgin'') (ya na Béatrice Guénin) (1979)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://booknode.com/le_grand_livre_de_la_vierge_0264192|title=Le grand livre de la Vierge|publisher=Booknode|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505163334/http://booknode.com/le_grand_livre_de_la_vierge_0264192|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Entre les lignes, entre les signes (Between The Lines, Between The Signs)'' (ya na Anne-Marie Simond) (1986) * ''L'astrologie universelle (Universal Astrology)'' (1987)<ref>{{cite web |title=L'astrologie universelle: Le zodiaque comme vous ne l'avez jamais vu (French Edition) |trans-title=Universal Astrology: The Zodiac as You've Never Seen It (French Edition) |url=https://www.abebooks.com/Lastrologie-universelle-zodiaque-lavez-jamais-French/31468886569/bd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012204/https://www.abebooks.com/Lastrologie-universelle-zodiaque-lavez-jamais-French/31468886569/bd |archive-date=12 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Abe books}}</ref> * ''Les rythmes du zodiaque (The Rhythms Of The Zodiac)'' (2003)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://mediatheque.chartres.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/185255/les-rythmes-du-zodiaque-francoise-hardy?_lg=en-US|title=Les rythmes du zodiaque / Françoise Hardy|date=2003 |publisher=Madiatheque|isbn=978-2-7491-0101-9 |accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012254/https://mediatheque.chartres.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/185255/les-rythmes-du-zodiaque-francoise-hardy?_lg=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> ;Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo * ''Notes secrètes: entretiens avec Eric Dumont (Secret Notes: Interviews With Eric Dumont)'' (1991) (ajụjụ ọnụ)<ref>{{cite book|title=Notes secrètes : Françoise Hardy : entretiens avec Eric Dumont|publisher=Worldcat |oclc=30916651 }}</ref> * ''Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles (The Despair Of The Monkeys... And Other Trifles)'' (2008) (akụkọ ndụ onwe onye)<ref>{{cite web |title=Le désespoir des singes et autres bagatelles |trans-title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles |url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303034056/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Babelio |archivedate=3 March 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303034056/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Le-desespoir-des-singes-et-autres-bagatelles/90475 }}</ref> * ''Avis non autorisés... (Unauthorized Reviews...)'' (2015) (edemede)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/9782290130124/Avis-autoris%C3%A9s-Documents-11527-French-2290130125/plp|title=Avis non autorisés|publisher=Abebooks|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012210/https://www.abebooks.com/9782290130124/Avis-autoris%C3%A9s-Documents-11527-French-2290130125/plp|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''Un cadeau du ciel... (A Gift From Heaven...)'' (2016) (essay)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592|title=Un cadeau du ciel|publisher=Babelio|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104001/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592|url-status=live|archivedate=15 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104001/https://www.babelio.com/livres/Hardy-Un-cadeau-du-ciel/903592}}</ref> * ''Chansons sur toi et nous (Songs About You And Us)'' (2021) (akwụkwọ egwu)<ref>{{cite web |title=Chansons sur toi et nous |trans-title=Songs about you and us |url=https://www.jailu.com/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous/9782290359761 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128223341/https://www.jailu.com/chansons-sur-toi-et-nous/9782290359761 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |publisher=Jailu}}</ref> ;Akwụkwọ akụkọ * ''L'amour fou (Crazy Love)'' (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=12925998800&cm_sp=plp-_-9782290070703-_-new|title=L'amour fou|publisher=Abebooks|accessdate=11 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012251/https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=12925998800&cm_sp=plp-_-9782290070703-_-new|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Hụkwa== *[[Ejiji ndị France]] *[[Egwu rock na France]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-agụ kpakpando (astrologers)]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-ese ma ọ bụ na-eme egwu baroque pop]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-ese ma ọ bụ na-eme egwu folk rock]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-abụ abụ France]] *[[Ndepụta ndị na-abụ abụ yé-yé]] ==Edensibia== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{reflist|group=note}} ==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ== * {{cite book|title=Sounds French: Globalization, Cultural Communities, and Pop Music in France, 1958–1980|first=Jonathyne|last=Briggs|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0199377060}} * {{cite book|last=Deluxe|first=Jean-Emmanuel|publisher=[[Feral House]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1936239719|title=Yé-Yé Girls of '60s French Pop}} * {{cite book|title=The Despair of Monkeys and Other Trifles: A Memoir by Françoise Hardy|last=Hardy|first=Françoise |year=2018|translator-last1=Graham|translator-first1=Jon E.|publisher=[[Feral House]]|trans-title= Le désespoir des singes... et autres bagatelles|orig-year=2008|isbn=978-1-62731-0734|type=eBook}} * {{cite book | last = Lesueur | first = Daniel | title = Françoise Hardy: Catch a Rising Star | publisher = Camion Blanc | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-2357797666 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a8aZCwAAQBAJ | language = fr | access-date = 31 May 2021 }} * {{cite book|last=Quinonero|first=Frédéric|year=2017|language=French|publisher=Éditions l'Archipel|title=Françoise Hardy, un long chant d'amour|isbn=978-2809822267|type=eBook}} ==Njikọ mpụga== {{commons}} * {{Official website|http://www.francoise-hardy.com/}} {{in lang|fr}} * {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000186594|label=Françoise Hardy}} * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/457980-Fran%C3%A7oise-Hardy Françoise Hardy] na [[Discogs]] * {{IMDb name|id=0362634|name=Françoise Hardy}} * [https://www.last.fm/music/Fran%C3%A7oise+Hardy Françoise Hardy] na [[Last.fm]] * [https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/11186/francoise-hardy/ Françoise Hardy] na [[Official Charts Company]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hardy, Francoise}} [[Category: Ụmụ nwanyị]] h383fl0mmhyh4vmec0bl6nzl3c9y4gg 0 77870 743821 706743 2026-11-07T18:17:14Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 743821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monarch | name = Bagha Khagan | image = Battle of Bahram Chubina with Saveh shah.jpg | caption = [[Shahnameh]] illustration of [[Bahram Chobin]] and Saveh (allegedly, Bagha) fighting | succession = [[Qaghans of the Turkic khaganates|Qaghan]] of the [[First Turkic Khaganate]] | reign = 587–588 | coronation = | predecessor = [[Ishbara Qaghan]] | successor = [[Tulan Qaghan]] | birth_name = Ashina Chuluohuo (阿史那處羅侯) | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 588 | spouse = [[Princess Qianjin]] | issue = | father = [[Issik Qaghan]] | mother = | religion = [[Tengrism]] | full_name = | royal_house = [[Ashina tribe|Ashina]] }} '''Bagha Qaghan''' (Chinese: 莫何可汗; pinyin: Mòhé Kèhán) bụ onye nke asaa n'ọkwa Khagan (587–588) nke Alaeze Ukwu Turkic nke Mbụ.<ref> {{Cite book|first=Susan Wise|author=Bauer|title=The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmedieva0000baue|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]|year=2010|isbn=978-0-393-05975-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmedieva0000baue/page/238 238]}}</ref> A na-ejikọta ya na mmejọ na Šāwa, Sāva, ma ọ bụ Sāba n'akwụkwọ ndị sitere na Persia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Golden|first=Peter|date=2016|title="The Great King of the Türks"|url=https://tl.harrassowitz-library.com/article/TL/2016/1/3|journal=Turkic Languages|language=de|volume=20|issue=1|pages=26–59|doi=10.13173/TL/2016/1/26}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == === Oge ọ malitere === Bagha Qaghan bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Issik Qaghan ma eleghị anya amụrụ ya n'agbata 540 na 550. E dekọrọ aha onwe ya dị ka '''Ashina Chuluohou''' (阿史那处罗侯) na isi mmalite ndị China, nke nwere ike ịbụ nsụgharị nke aha Turkic ''Čoluq'' (onye nwere nkwarụ ma ọ bụ onye nkwarụ). Nwanne ya nwoke tọrọ ya bụ Ishbara Qaghan họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Töli shad n'afọ 581, si otú a nye ya ọrụ ịchị akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke alaeze ukwu ahụ. O nwere ike ịbụ n'oge a ka a malitekwara ịkpọ ya Yabghu Khagan.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Erkoç|first=Hayrettin İhsan|date=2016|title=Batı Göktürk Kağanlığı'nın Kuruluşu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309859492|journal=Journal of Faculty of Letters|language=tr|volume=33|issue=1|pages=59}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ Ada Qianjin n'alụmdi na nwunye na-anaghị amị amị. N'oge a, Eze Ukwu Wen nke Sui jiri Zhangsun Sheng (長孫晟), onye enyi Ada Qianjin, kpata esemokwu n'etiti ndị Göktürk. Dịka akụkọ ya si kwuo, Chuluohou bụ onye aghụghọ, mana ike adịghị ya ike. O nwetara obi ndị mmadụ, nke mere ka Ishbara nwee anyaụfụ na mwute, n'agbanyeghị ọdịdị elu ahụ na-egosi na ọ bụghị ihe dị iche. N'eziokwu, Ishbara nwere nnukwu enyo na egwu. === Ọchịchị === Ishbara họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nketa tupu 587 n'iwu ya. Mgbe Ishbara nwụrụ, Ashina Yongyulü zigara onye ozi na nwanne nna ya, iji mezuo ọchịchọ ahụ ma kpọọ ya ka ọ rịgoro n'ocheeze. Otú ọ dị, Chuluohou kwuru na n'ọgbọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị Göktürks agbasoghị na ndị nọchiri ya, ọ gaghịkwa abụ n'ụzọ omenala ka ọ were ocheeze mgbe nwa Ishbara ka dị ndụ. Ọ rịọrọ Yongyulü ka ọ rịgoro n'ocheeze kama ma kwupụta nkwado ya nye ya. Otú ọ dị, Yongyulü anabataghị arịrịọ ahụ ma sie ọnwụ na ọ ga-emezu uche nna ya. Bagha Qaghan mere nwa nwanne ya nwoke ''yabgu'' mgbe e chiri ya eze. Bagha gara n'ihu na iwu njikọ aka nke onye bu ya ụzọ na usoro ndị eze Sui ma lekwasị anya n'iwepụ ndị na-asọmpi. Ọ gara n'ihu kpochapụ Apa Qaghan onye n'oge ahụ wusiri onwe ya ike na nso Bukhara ma jide ya na ndụ. A rịọrọ ikike n'aka eze ukwu Sui ka o gbuo ndị Apa e jidere, mana Zhangsun Sheng megidere echiche ahụ, na-agba eze ukwu ume ka ọ dị ndụ iji mee ka ndị Göktürks nọgide na-achịkwa. === Ọnwụ === N'ihe odide ụfọdụ nke Turkey, Baga Khagan, haziri njem gaa na Western Gokturk State iji merie Tardu ma weghachite ịdị n'otu nke steeti ahụ, ma nwee ike ịbụ na ndị agha Tardu meriri ya ma gbuo ya.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Taşağıl|first=Ahmet|title=Gök-Türkler I-II-III|publisher=[[Turkish Historical Society]]|year=2012|edition=1st|pages=48–49|language=tr}}</ref> Dị ka Josef Markwart na Denis Sinor si kwuo, ọ nwere ike ịbụ 'nnukwu kaghan' nke onye ọchịagha Ndị Peshia bụ Bahrām Chobin ji akụ gbuo n'oge Agha Perso-Turkic Mbụ nke mere n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 589 (ụbọchị Gumilev). Peter Golden lere nke a anya dị ka ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume, na-atụle ọtụtụ isi mmalite na-ekwu na ọ nwụrụ n'afọ gara aga n'agha ya na Tardu na 588 AD. == Ezinụlọ == Zhu Zhenhong gosipụtara nwa ya nwoke site na stele nke Shi Danai dị ka Ashina Tong (阿史那統) onye jere ozi dị ka ''Shiduo Gongmi Shad'' ma nwee utu aha nke Grand Master of the Palace (光ń大夫). Site na Tong, Bagha Qaghan bụ nna nna nke ọchịagha nke usoro ndị eze Tang Shi Danai.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|author=Zhu|first=Zhenhong|date=2015|title=史大奈生平事蹟研究|url=http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/78839|journal=Journal of History of Taiwan Normal University|language=zh|volume=無|issue=54|pages=1–44|doi=10.6243/BHR.2015.054.001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210042346/http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/78839|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2026-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] lnd2brls2g669efzrxcr1kmvsd7hgcl