Wikipedia ilowiki https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuna_a_Panid MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Midia Espesial Tungtungan Agar-aramat Agar-aramat tungtungan Wikipedia Wikipedia tungtungan Papeles Papeles tungtungan MediaWiki MediaWiki tungtungan Plantilia Plantilia tungtungan Tulong Tulong tungtungan Kategoria Kategoria tungtungan TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Modulo tungtungan Event Event talk 0 18449 406027 256162 2026-07-02T19:34:34Z Seav 860 Inyalis ni Seav ti panid ti [[Pandacan, Manila]] iti [[Pandacan]]: disambiguation is not needed 256162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Ph fil manila pandacan.png|right|thumb|244px|Pandacan]] Ti '''Pandacan''' ([[Tagalog]]: ''Pandakan''), ket maysa a maika-6 a distrito idiay [[Manila]], [[Filipinas]]. {{Coord/Wikidata}} {{philippines-geo-stub}} {{manila}} [[Kategoria:Metro Manila]] 161ng5wkr3sslx5rk8oi6ckcu9jo3pr 0 19289 406030 397125 2026-07-02T20:08:36Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estado ti Alemania |Name = Brandenburg |German_name = |state_coa = Brandenburg Wappen.svg |coa_size = |map = Deutschland Lage von Brandenburg.svg |flag = Flag of Brandenburg.svg |capital = Potsdam |area = 29478.63 |area_source = |key = 12 |population = 2449600 |pop_ref =<ref name="Bevölkerungsstand Brandenburg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bb.asp|title=Population Brandenburg|publisher=Statistical Offices of the Länder and Federal Statistical Office|accessdate=23 Hulio 2014|archive-date=2017-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924235757/http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bb.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |pop_date = 30 Nobiembre 2013 |GDP = 62 |GDP_year = 2014 |GDP_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vgrdl.de/VGRdL/tbls/tab.asp?rev=RV2014&tbl=tab01&lang=de-DE|title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – in Deutschland 1991 bis 2014 nach Bundesländern (WZ 2008) – Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen der Länder VGR dL|author=Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg|publisher=|access-date=2017-06-12|archive-date=2015-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217225649/http://www.vgrdl.de/VGRdL/tbls/tab.asp?rev=RV2014&tbl=tab01&lang=de-DE|url-status=dead}}</ref> |GDP_per_capita = 24,200 |GDP_per_capita_year = 2014 |Website = [http://www.brandenburg.de/ brandenburg.de] |leader_title = |leader = Matthias Platzeck |leader_party = SPD |ruling_party1 = SPD |ruling_party2 = [[Ti Kanigid (Alemania)|Ti Kanigid]] |votes = 4 |iso region = DE-BB |Kfz = Dati a: BP<small> (1945–1947)</small>, SB<small>(1948–1953)</small><ref>BP =Probinsia ti Brandenburg , SB = Soma ti Sobiet, Brandenburg. Iti pannakaikkat dagiti estado ti Daya nga Alemania idi 1952 ti panagrehistro dagiti karro ket sinursurot dagiti baro a Bezirk subdibision. Manipud idi 1991 dagiti naisangsangayan a pasursurono ket naikedkeddeng para kadagiti tunggal maysa a distrito.</ref> |NUTS = DE4 |coordinates = {{coord|52|21|43|N|13|0|29|E|display=inline,title}} |date=Septiembre 2010 }} Ti '''Brandenburg''' ({{Audio|De-Brandenburg.ogg|<small>denggen</small>}}; {{lang-nds|Brannenborg}}, [[Pagsasao nga Akin baba a Sorabo|Akin baba a Sorabo]]: ''Bramborska''; [[Pagsasao nga Akin ngato a Sorabo|Akin ngato a Sorabo]]: ''Braniborska''; {{lang-pl|Brandenburgia}}) ket maysa kadagiti sangapulo ket innem a [[dagiti estado ti Alemania|pederal nga estado]] ti [[Alemania]]. Ti kapitoliona ket ti [[Potsdam]]. Daytoy ket naisanglad iti daya ti pagilian ket maysa kadagiti pederal nga estado a napartuatr manen idi 1990 kalpasan ti [[Panagkaykaysa manen ti Alemania|panagkaykaysa manen]] iti dati a [[Laud nga Alemania]] ken ti [[Daya nga Alemania]]. Ti Brandenburg ket palikmutanna ngem saan a mairaman ti nailian a kapitolio ken siudad estado ti [[Berlin]]. ==Dagiti nagibasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Dagiti silpo ti== *{{commonscat-inline|Brandenburg}} *[http://www.brandenburg.de/ Opisal a website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075149/http://www.kulturportal-brandenburg.de/ |date=2016-03-05 }} {{iti sao|de}} *[http://www.brandenburg-tourism.com/ Komision ti Turista iti Brandenburg] {{Dagiti estado ti Pederal a Republika ti Alemania}} {{Alemania-heograpia-pungol}} [[Kategoria:Brandenburg| ]] [[Kategoria:NUTS 1 nga estadistiko a rehion ti Kappon ti Europa]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado ken teritorio a nabangon idi 1990]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti estado ti Alemania]] 2ht42jz6rtyyrjyjo9onzwbhmczt0ok 0 39068 406026 394454 2026-07-02T19:03:12Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Papeles:Antarctic-seas-en.jpg|right|thumb|460px|Ti Baybay Ross a kas parte ti [[Akin-abagatan a Taaw]]]] Ti '''Baybay Ross''' ket ti adalem a luek iti [[Akin-abagatan a Taaw]] idiay [[Antartika]] iti pagbaetan ti [[Daga Victoria]] ken [[Daga Marie Byrd]]. == Deskripsion == Naduktalan ti Baybay Ross babaen ni [[James Clark Ross|James Ross]] idi 1841. Iti laud ti Baybay Ross ket ti [[Isla Ross]] nga agraman ti [[bulkan]] [[Bantay Erebus|Erebus]], iti daya ti [[Isla Roosevelt, Antartika|Isla Roosevelt]]. Ti akin-abagatan a parte ket naabbongan babaen ti [[Samang ti Yelo ti Ross]].<ref name="britannica1">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510142/Ross-Sea |title=Ross Sea (sea, Pacific Ocean) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> Inrugi ni [[Roald Amundsen]] ti ekspedisionna iti [[Abagatan nga Ungto]] idi 1911 manipud iti [[Luek dagiti Balyena]], a mabirukan idi iti samang. Iti laud ti Baybay Ros, ti [[McMurdo Sound]] ket puerto a kadawyan nga awanan iti yelo iti las-ud ti kalgaw. Ti akin-abagatan unay a parte ti Baybay Ross ket ti [[Aplaya Gould]] nga agarup a dua gasut a milia manipud iti [[Heograpiko nga Abagatan nga Ungto]]. Amin dagiti masa ti daga idiay Baybay Ross ket tinunton babaen ti [[Baro a Selanda]] a mapan iti turay ti [[Dependensia Ross]], ngem bassit laeng kadagiti Mankomunidad a pagilian ti mangbigbig daytoy a tunton. Ti 10-metro (32.8&nbsp;kadapan) ti kaatiddog a [[Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni|higante a pusit]] nga agdagsen iti 495 kilogramo (1,091&nbsp;lb) ket natiliw idi idiay Baybay idi Pebrero 22, 2007.<ref name="Anderton, H.J. 2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/node/28451 |title=World's largest squid landed in NZ – Beehive (Govt of NZ) |date=2007-02-22 |accessdate=2013-06-11 |archive-date=2010-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523152104/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/node/28451 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6385071.stm |title=NZ fishermen land colossal squid – BBC News |date=2007-02-22 |accessdate=2013-06-11}}</ref><ref name="Kim Griggs">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6453997.stm |title=Colossal squid's headache for science – BBC News |date=2007-03-15 |accessdate=2013-06-11}}</ref><ref name="Kent Atkinson">{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/science/news/article.cfm?c_id=82&objectid=10507295 |title=Size matters on 'squid row' (+photos, video) – The New Zealand Herald |date=2008-05-01 |accessdate=2013-06-11 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163556/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/science/news/article.cfm?c_id=82&objectid=10507295 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Richard Black">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7374297.stm |title=Colossal squid's big eye revealed – BBC News |date=2008-04-30 |accessdate=2013-06-11}}</ref> == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == *J.Glausiusz, 2007, [http://discovermagazine.com/2007/apr/raw-data-beacon-bird-of-climate-change ''Raw Data: Beacon Bird of Climate Change.''] Discover Magazine. *Gunn, B., nd, [http://www.rosssea.info/geology.html ''Geology The Ross Sea Dependency including Victoria-Land ''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423115357/http://www.rosssea.info/geology.html |date=2015-04-23 }} Ross Sea, Antarctica, Including the Ross Sea Dependency, the Sub-Antarctic Islands and sea, up to New Zealand from the Pole. *K.Hansen, 2007, [http://www.geotimes.org/mar07/article.html?id=nn_penguins.html ''Paleoclimate: Penguin poop adds to climate picture.''] Geotimes. *International Polar Foundation, 2007, [http://www.sciencepoles.org/index.php?s=2&rs=home&uid=1020&lg=en ''Interview with Dr. Steven Emslie: The Adélie Penguins' Diet Shift.''] SciencePoles website. *C.Michael Hogan. 2011. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ross_Sea?topic=49523 ''Ross Sea''. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC] *Locarnini, R.A., 1995, [http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/Quarterdeck/QD3.1/Locarnini/locarnini.html the ''Ross Sea.''] Quarterdeck, vol. 1, no. 3.(Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.) *{{cite news |url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/72356/nth-korean-boats-caught-fishing-in-conservation-area |title=Nth Korean boats caught fishing in conservation area |publisher=Radio New Zealand |accessdate=7 Abril 2011}} {{Listaan dagiti baybay}} {{Kontrol ti autoridad}} {{Marina-heograpia-pungol}} {{coord|75|S|175|W|region:AQ_type:waterbody_scale:10000000|display=title}} [[Kategoria:Dagiti luek ti Antartika]] [[Kategoria:Rehion ti Antartiko]] [[Kategoria:Dagiti baybay ti Akin-abagatan a Taaw]] dgsja0tzudnwhse8ksw7jhwsxuzrf51 0 57152 406031 404869 2026-07-02T21:32:18Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Papeles:Carl Ludwig Blume00.jpg|thumb|Ni Carl Ludwig von Blume (1796–1862)]] [[Papeles:Charles Ludwig de Blume IMG 7233a.jpg|thumb|Titulo ti panid ti ''Collection des Orchidées les plus remarquables de l'archipel Indien et du Japon'']] Ni '''Charles Ludwig de Blume''' wenno '''Karl Ludwig von Blume''' (9 Hunio 1796, [[Braunschweig]] – 3 Pebrero 1862, [[Leiden]]) ket maysa idi nga [[Alemania|Aleman]]-[[Olanda|Olandes]] a [[botaniko]]. Naipasngay isuna idiay [[Braunschweig]] iti Alemania, ngem nagadal idiay [[Unibesidad ti Leiden]] ken naggigian iti propesional a kabibiagna idiay [[Daya nga India ti Olanda]] ken idiay [[Olanda]], nga isuna idi ket Direktor ti Rijksherbarium ([[herbario]] ti estado) idiay Leiden. Sagpaminsan a nait-ited ti naganna iti porma ti [[pagsasao nga Olandes]] iti '''Karel Lodewijk Blume''', ngem ti kasisigud a panangiletra iti [[Pagsasao nga Aleman|Aleman]] ket ti kaaduan a naus-usar kadagiti teksto ti botanika: uray no kasrta adda pay laeng dagiti pannakaiyallilaw, gapu ta naibagbaga isuna a kas K.L. Blume (manipud iti Karl). Nagaramid isuna kadagiti adu a panagadal iti [[flora (mulmula)|flora]] ti akin-abagatan nga [[Asia]], a naipangpangruna iti [[Java (isla)|Java]], nga idi ket [[kolonia]] ti [[Olanda]]. Manipud idi 1823 aginggana idi 1826, ni Blume ket Deputado Direktor ti Agrikultura iti [[Dagiti Botaniko a Hardin ti Bogor|botaniko a hardin]] iti [[Bogor]] (Buitenzorg) iti Java. Nagbalin isuna Idi 1827 a mannurat iti [[Naarian nga Akademia dagiti Arte ken Siensia ti Olanda|Naarian nga Instituto ti Olanda]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002881 |title=Carl Ludwig Blume (1796–1862) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |accessdate=19 Hulio 2015 |archive-date=2019-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712184454/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002881 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Idi 1855, napili isuna a ganganaet a kameng ti [[Naarian nga Akademia dagiti Siensia ti Suesia]]. Nagplano isuna a kakuyogna ni [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] (1796–1866), iti panakapundar ti "Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot aanmoediging van den Tuinbouw". (Naarian a Kagimongan iti Panagparang-ay ti Hortikultura ti Olanda). Daytoy ket natungpal idi 1842.<ref>[http://ipni.org/ipni/idPublicationSearch.do;jsessionid=10EFF19F8F384E8305D2D5D0978B746B?back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Bjsessionid%3D5957F91368E87670E6FD2FA23A2C10EE%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_isAPNIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3DMalus%26find_isGCIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3D%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_isIKRecord%3Dtrue%26find_species%3D%26output_format%3Dnormal&id=19082-2 IPNI: "Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot aanmoediging van den Tuinbouw".]</ref> Naipanagan kaniana ti [[Sientipiko a warnakan|botanikal a warnakan]] ti ''[[Blumea (journal)|Blumea]]''. Isu ket maysa pay nga [[entomologo]] {{botaniko|Blume|Blume, Carl Ludwig}} == Dagiti pablaak == *Carl Ludwig Blume: "Catalogus van eenige der merkwaardigste zoo in- als uitheemse gewassen, te vinden in 's Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg" opgemaakt door C. L. Blume, M.D., Directeur van voorz. tuin. s.l. n.d. [Batavia 1823]. (Catalogue of some native and exotic plants in Buitenzorg) * Carl Ludwig Blume: ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië …''. 1825–1827 (Contributions to the flora of the Dutch Indies) [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11963621 on Botanicus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109101312/http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11963621 |date=2021-01-09 }} * {{cite book|last1=Blume|first1=Carl Ludwig|authorlink=Carl Ludwig Blume|title=Enumeratio plantarum Javae et insularum adjacentium : minus cognitarum vel novarum ex herbariis Reinwardtii, Kuhlii, Hasseltii et Blumii |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/44901#/summary|date=1827–1830|publisher=van Leeuwen|location=Leiden}} * Carl Ludwig Blume & Johannes B. Fischer (? - 1832): ''Flora Javae nec non insularum adjacentium …''. 1828–1851. * Carl Ludwig Blume: ''De novis quibusdam plantarum familiis expositio et olim jam expositarum enumeratio''. (1833) * Carl Ludwig Blume: ''Rumphia, sive commentationes botanicae imprimis de plantis Indiae orientalis …''. 1835–1849 (4 a tomo nga agraman dagiti 170 a panangiladawan) * Carl Ludwig Blume: ''Museum botanicum Lugduno-Batavum …''. 1849–1857 [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11902358 on Botanicus] * Carl Ludwig Blume: ''Flora Javae et insularum adjacentium nova series'' (1858–1859) * Carl Ludwig Blume: ''Collection des Orchidées les plus remarquables de l'Archipel Indien et du Japon'' (1858–1859). {{Commons category}} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == * {{commons-nailinia}} * [http://www.orchids.co.in/orchidologists/karl-ludwig-blume.shtm Karl Ludwig Blume] ti obra ni Karl Ludwig Blume kadagiti orkidia {{Kontrol ti autoridad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Blume, Carl Ludwig}} [[Kategoria:Dagiti botaniko manipud iti Olanda]] [[Kategoria:1796 a pannakaipasngay]] [[Kategoria:1862 nga ipupusay]] 09ige3d1oqvw5k3g2p2qtcefusw0tag 0 61400 406029 399278 2026-07-02T19:42:40Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | image = Blechnum spicant2.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Blechnum spicant]]'' | taxon = Blechnaceae | authority = Newman{{sfn|PPG I|2016}} | subdivision_ranks = Dagiti subpamilia ken dagiti henero | subdivision = Kitaen ti teksto. | type_genus = ''[[Blechnum]]'' }} Ti '''Blechnaceae''' ket ti pamilia dagiti [[pako]], nga addaan iti [[kosmopolitano a pannakaiwarwaras]]. Ti kasasaadna a kas maysa a pamilia ken dagiti bilang dagiti nairaman a henero ket nakaro nga agdumaduma. Ti impluensial a [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group]] iti pannagidasigda idi 2016 ket mangawat kadagiti 24 a henero. == Deskripsion == Kaaduan ket mabirukan iti rabaw ti daga, adu met dagiti kumalatkat, a kas ti ''[[Stenochlaena]]''. Ti maysa a langa a pakailasinan dagiti adu a sebbangan ket dagiti ubing nga agluklukat a saringit ket kadawyanda a mamarisan bassit iti nalabbasit. == Taksonomia == Ti pamilia ket pinartuat babaen ni [[Edward Newman (entomologo)|Newman]] idi 1844. Idi 2014, da Christenhusz ken Chase ket impababada daytoy a kas subpamilia ti Blechnoideae iti kaunegan ti pamilia ti [[Aspleniaceae]].{{sfn|Christenhusz|Chase|2014}} Nupay kasta, ti panangidasig ti [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group#PPG I|PPG I]] idi 2016 ket isublina daytoy iti kasasaad a pamilia.{{sfn|PPG I|2016}} Ti Blechnaceae ket kameng dagiti klado ti eupolypods II (itan ket sub-urnos ti Aspleniineae), iti urnos ti [[Polypodiales]].<ref name=Rothfels-2012 /> Daytoy ket maikabagian kadagiti sabali a pamilia iti klado kas iti sumaganad a kladograma:<ref name=Lehtonen-2011 /><ref name=Rothfels-2012 /> {{eupolypods II cladogram}} === Dagiti subdibision === Dagiti bilang dagiti maawat a henero iti kaunegan ti Blechnaceae (wenno Blechnoideae no matrato a kas maysa a subpamilia) ket agdumaduma kadagiti sabali a mannurat. Da Christenhusz ken Chase (2014), ket tratuenda ti pamilia kas maysa a subpamilia, ipalawagda ti situasion a kas ti sumaganad: "Ti Blechnoideae ket buklen dagiti tallo a nangruna a klado, maysa ket maitunos iti ''[[Onoclea]]'' ''sensu lato'', ti maikadua ket maitunos iti ''[[Woodwardia]]'', kabsat iti amin dagiti sabali a sebbangan a mabalin a matrato a kas ti bugbugtong a henero ti ''[[Blechnum]]''. Nupay kasta, ti subklado a kabsat kadagiti nabati iti ''Blechnum'' ''sensu lato'' ket aglaon iti kumalatkat a taxa ''Stenochlaena'', ''[[Salpichlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small> ken dagiti bassit pay a di kumalatkat a sebbangan ti ''Blechnum'' nga addaan kadagiti atiddog a dumalapdap a risoma, a mabalinto koma a maawat iti kadawyan nga agpang kalpasan dagiti panagadal. Ti ''[[Brainea]]'', ''[[Doodia]]'', ''[[Pteridoblechnum]]'' ken ''[[Sadleria]]'' ket maitagikuada iti ''Blechnum'' sensu lato."{{sfn|Christenhusz|Chase|2014}} Italinaay ti Perrie et al. (2014) ti ranggo ti pamilia a nailaksid iti ''[[Onoclea]]'' kas maysa a sabali a pamilia, ti [[Onocleaceae]], a kabsat iti Blechnaceae. Nangilasinda kadagiti tallo a nangruna a klado iti kaunegan ti nabati a Blechnaceae, a ninagananda iti ''Woodwardia'', super-''Stenochlaena'' ken super-''Blechnum'', a dagiti naudi a naibaga a kas dagiti [[grupgrupo ti agkakabsat]]. Saanda nga inkeddeng ti ''[[Blechnum]]'' akas monopiletiko ken nangisingasing iti rebision kadagiti interheneriko a pagbeddengan, a pagresultaan dagiti pito a henero.{{sfn|Perrie et al.|2014}} Ti Gasper et al. (2016), a nawaya iti Christenhusz ken Chase, ket sinukisokda iti naun-uneg a pannakaikabagian ti Blechnaceae, a nangitalinaay ti kasasaad ti pamilia ken ilaksidna ti Onocleaceae, ken naikkan kadagiti tallo a nangruna a klado ti Perrie et al. (2014) kadaiti subpamilia: ti Woodwardioideae, Stenochlaenoideae ken Blechnoideae. Ti argianda iti [[polipiletiko]] a kasasaad ti ''Blechnum'' ket ti magpartuat idi iti maysa a serye dagiti monopiletiko a [[segregado (taksonomia)|segregado]] a henero, apagresultaan dagiti 24 a dagup dagiti henero.{{sfn|Gasper et al.|2016a}}{{sfn|Gasper et al.|2016b}} Ti pannakikabagian apagbaetan dagiti tallo a subpamilia ket nabirukan a kas dagiti sumaganad:{{sfn|Gasper et al.|2016a}} {{klado |label1=Blechnaceae |1={{klado |1=Woodwardioideae |2={{klado |1=Stenochlaenoideae |2=Blechnoideae }} }} }} === Dagiti subpamilia ken dagiti henero === Idi 2016, sinurot ti Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group ti Gasper et al. (2016) iti panangawat kadagiti 24 a henero, a naigrupo kadagiti tallo a subpamilia. Kadagiti agarup a 265 a sebbangan, ti kaaduan kadagitoy ket maigupit iti ''[[Blechnum]]'' <small>[[L.]]</small>, followed by ''[[Woodwardia]]'' <small>Sm.</small> and ''[[Stenochlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small>. Dagiti sabali a henero ket kaaduan a [[monotipiko]].{{sfn|PPG I|2016}} Subpamilia ti Woodwardioideae <small>Gasper, V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino</small> *''[[Anchistea]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''[[Lorinseria]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''[[Woodwardia]]'' <small>Sm.</small> Subpamilia ti Stenochlaenoideae <small>(Ching) J.P.Roux</small> *''[[Salpichlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small> *''[[Stenochlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small> *''[[Telmatoblechnum]]'' <small>Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey</small> Subpamilia ti Blechnoideae <small>Gasper, V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino</small> *''[[Austroblechnum]]'' <small>Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich</small> *''[[Blechnidium]]'' <small>T.Moore</small> *''[[Blechnopsis]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''[[Blechnum]]'' <small>L.</small> *''[[Brainea]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small> *''[[Cleistoblechnum]]'' <small>Gasper & Salino</small> *''[[Cranfillia]]'' <small>Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich</small> *''[[Diploblechnum]]'' <small>Hayata</small> *''[[Doodia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> *''[[Icarus]]'' <small>Gasper & Salino</small> *''[[Lomaria]]'' <small>Willd.</small> *''[[Lomaridium]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''[[Lomariocycas]]'' <small>(J.Sm.) Gasper & A.R.Sm.</small> *''[[Neoblechnum]]'' <small>Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich</small> *''[[Oceaniopteris]]'' <small>Gasper & Salino</small> *''[[Parablechnum]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''[[Sadleria]]'' <small>Kaulf.</small> *''[[Struthiopteris]]'' <small>Scop.</small> == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=Lehtonen-2011>{{cite journal |author=Samuli Lehtonen |year=2011 |title=Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=e24851 |url=http://www.sci.utu.fi/sivustot/amazon/publications/articles/pdf_pub/Lehtonen_2011_PLoS1.pdf |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024851 |pmid=22022365 |pmc=3192703 |editor1-last=Steinke |editor1-first=Dirk |access-date=2019-10-08 |archive-date=2012-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808065104/http://www.sci.utu.fi/sivustot/amazon/publications/articles/pdf_pub/Lehtonen_2011_PLoS1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=Rothfels-2012>{{cite journal |author1=Carl J. Rothfels |author2=Anders Larsson |author3=Li-Yaung Kuo |author4=Petra Korall |author5=Wen- Liang Chiou |author6=Kathleen M. Pryer |year=2012 |title=Overcoming Deep Roots, Fast Rates, and Short Internodes to Resolve the Ancient Rapid Radiation of Eupolypod II Ferns |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=490–509 |url=http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/04/sysbio.sys001.short?rss=1 |pmid=22223449 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys001}}</ref> }} == Bibliograpia == {{refbegin|30em}} *{{cite journal |author=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz |author2=Xian-Chun Zhang |author3=Harald Schneider |name-list-style=amp |year=2011 |title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |volume=19 |pages=7–54 |url=http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf }} * {{Cite journal|last1= Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M.|authorlink1=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz |last2=Chase|first2=Mark W.|authorlink2=Mark W. Chase |year=2014|title=Trends and concepts in fern classification|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=113 |issue=9|pages=571–594|name-list-style=amp|doi=10.1093/aob/mct299 |pmid=24532607 |pmc=3936591}} * {{cite journal|last1=Gasper|first1=André L. de|last2=Almeida|first2=Thaís E.|last3=Dittrich|first3=Vinícius A. de O.|last4=Smith|first4=Alan R.|last5=Salino|first5=Alexandre|title=Molecular phylogeny of the fern family Blechnaceae (Polypodiales) with a revised genus-level treatment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vinicius_Dittrich2/publication/309285163_Molecular_phylogeny_of_the_fern_family_Blechnaceae_Polypodiales_with_a_revised_genus-level_treatment/links/58080ab208aefaf02a2c6655.pdf|journal=[[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]]|date=Oktubre 2016|doi=10.1111/cla.12173|ref={{harvid|Gasper et al.|2016a}}}} * {{cite journal|last1=Gasper|first1=André Luís de|last2=Dittrich|first2=Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira|last3=Smith|first3=Alan Reid|last4=Salino|first4=Alexandre|title=A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations|journal=[[Phytotaxa]]|date=21 Septiembre 2016|volume=275|issue=3|pages=191|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.1|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308389609_A_classification_for_Blechnaceae_Polypodiales_Polypodiopsida_New_genera_resurrected_names_and_combinations|ref={{harvid|Gasper et al.|2016b}}}} * {{cite journal|last1=Perrie|first1=Leon R.|last2=Wilson|first2=Ruby K.|last3=Shepherd|first3=Lara D.|last4=Ohlsen|first4=Daniel J.|last5=Batty|first5=Erin L.|last6=Brownsey|first6=Patrick J.|last7=Bayly|first7=Michael J.|title=Molecular phylogenetics and generic taxonomy of Blechnaceae ferns|journal=[[Taxon (warnakan)|Taxon]]|date=28 August 2014|volume=63|issue=4|pages=745–758|doi=10.12705/634.13|ref={{harvid|Perrie et al.|2014}}}} * {{cite journal |author=Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|ref={{harvid|PPG I|2016}}}} * {{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Alan R.|last2=Pryer|first2=Kathleen M.|last3=Schuettpelz|first3=Eric|last4=Korall|first4=Petra|last5=Schneider|first5=Harald|last6=Wolf|first6=Paul G.|title=A Classification for Extant Ferns|journal=[[Taxon (warnakan)|Taxon]]|date=1 Enero 2006|volume=55|issue=3|pages=705–731|url=https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf|jstor=25065646|doi=10.2307/25065646|ref={{harvid|Smith et al.|2006}}|access-date=2019-10-08|archive-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004022032/https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20001101213011/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1221 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Blechnaceae] {{Taxonbar|from=Q932153}} [[Kategoria:Blechnaceae| ]] cxik8ossox4y1ffnrirqk7aaizauzsn 0 63967 406036 402362 2026-07-03T09:58:40Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |image=Fern Chatswood ground.jpg |image_caption=''[[Lindsaea linearis]]'' |taxon=Lindsaeineae |authority=Lehtonen & Tuomisto |subdivision_ranks=Families<ref name=Pteridophyte2016 /> |subdivision =* [[Cystodiaceae]] * [[Lindsaeaceae]] * [[Lonchitidaceae]] |type_genus=''[[Lindsaea]]'' |type_genus_authority=[[Jonas Carlsson Dryander|Dryand.]] ex [[James Edward Smith|Sm.]] }} Ti '''Lindsaeineae''' ket ti [[urnos (biolohia)|sub-urnos]] dagiti [[pako]] (Polypodiopsida) iti [[urnos (biolohia)|urnos]] ti [[Polypodiales]], a pinartuat babaen ti Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016).<ref name=Pteridophyte2016 /> Daytoy ket buklen dagiti dua a monoheneriko a [[pamilia (biolohia)|pamilia]] ken maipatinayon ti dakdakkel a [[Lindsaeaceae]] nga agraman kadagiti pito a henero, ken ti sub-urnos ket aglaon kadagiti agarup a [[sebbangan]] iti amin-amin.<ref name=Pteridophyte2016 /> Daytoy ket maitunos iti Lindsaeaceae ''[[sensu]]'' Smith 2016.<ref name=Smith2006>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Alan R.|author2=Kathleen M. Pryer|author3=Eric Schuettpelz|author4=Petra Korall|author5=Harald Schneider|author6=Paul G. Wolf|year=2006|title=A classification for extant ferns|url=https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf|journal=Taxon|volume=55|issue=3|pages=705–731|doi=10.2307/25065646|jstor=25065646|access-date=2019-12-11|archive-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004022032/https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Deskripsion == Dagiti [[risoma]] ket ababa aginggana iti atiddog, dumalapdap ngem manmano a kumalay-at, naabongan kadagiti saan a [[klatorato]] a siksik (karkarna a dagiti dutdot). Dagiti [[pesiolo (botanika)|pesiolo]] ket bugbugtong, karkarna a doble (sagpaminsan nga adu a nagdedekket iti dua iti akinngato a parte ti [[estipe (botanika)|estipe]]). Aglaonda kadagiti [[baskular a reppet]] ken dagiti [[sorus]] ket marginal aginggana iti sub-marginal, kadawyan a salakniban ti laminar nga agpayso nga indusia (karkarna a marginal a pseudo-indusia wenno isuda a dua).<ref name=Pteridophyte2016/> == Taksonomia == Naikabil dagiti Lindsaeineae iti kaunegan ti Polypodiales ken [[pilohenetiko]]da a maikabagian kadagiti sabali a lima a sub-urnos a kas maipakita iti daytoy a kladograma:<ref name=Pteridophyte2016>{{cite journal|last1=Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group|title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|date=Nobiembre 2016|volume=54|issue=6|pages=563–603|doi=10.1111/jse.12229}}</ref> {{klado |label1=[[Polypodiales]] |1={{klado | 1={{klado | 1=[[Saccolomatineae]] | 2='''Lindsaeineae'''}} | 2={{klado | 1=[[Pteridiineae]] | 2={{klado | 1=[[Dennstaedtiineae]] | 2={{klado | 1=[[Aspleniineae]] | 2=[[Polypodiineae]] }}}}}} }}}} === Subdibision === Aglaon ti Lindsaeineae kadagiti tallo a pamilia: * [[Cystodiaceae]] <small>J.R.Croft</small> monotipiko a ''[[Cystodium sorbifolium]]'' * [[Lindsaeaceae]] <small>C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb.</small> Pito a henero, ken dagiti nakarkulo a 234 a sebbangan * [[Lonchitidaceae]] <small>Doweld</small> monoheneriko a ''[[Lonchitis]]'' 2 a sebbangan Dagiti tallo a pamilia a mangbukel iti Lindsaeineae ket maikabagianda kas dagiti sumaganad: {{klado |label1='''Lindsaeineae''' |1={{klado |1=[[Cystodiaceae]] |2={{klado |1=[[Lonchitidaceae]] |2=[[Lindsaeaceae]]}} }}}} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Bibliograpia == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W.|authorlink1=|last2=Reveal|first2=James L.|authorlink2=|year=2009|title=A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=161|pages=122–127|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x}} * {{cite journal|last1=Christenhusz|first1=M. J. M.|authorlink1=|last2=Zhang|first2=X. C.|last3=Schneider|first3=H.|title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns|journal=Phytotaxa|date=18 Pebrero 2011|volume=19|issue=1|pages=7|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al|2011}}|citeseerx=10.1.1.222.1337}} * {{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |authorlink1=|last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |authorlink2=|year=2014 |title=Trends and concepts in fern classification |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=113 |issue=4|pages=571–594 |doi=10.1093/aob/mct299 |pmid=24532607 |pmc=3936591}} * {{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten JM |last2=Byng |first2=J. W. |authorlink1= |authorlink2= |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=261 |pages=201–217 |url=http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 |issue=3 }} * {{cite journal |last= Lehtonen|first= Samuli|title=Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=e24851 |year=2011 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024851 |pmid=22022365 |pmc=3192703|bibcode= 2011PLoSO...624851L}} * {{cite journal |last1=Pryer |first1=Kathleen M. |last2=Schneider |first2=Harald |last3=Smith |first3=Alan R. |last4=Cranfill |first4=Raymond |last5=Wolf |first5=Paul G. |last6=Hunt |first6=Jeffrey S. |last7=Sipes |first7=Sedonia D. |year=2001 |title=Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants |journal=Nature |volume=409 |issue=6820|pages=618–622 |doi=10.1038/35054555 |pmid=11214320|ref={{harvid|Pryer et al|2001}}}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Ranker |editor1-first=Tom A. |editor2-last=Haufler |editor2-first=Christopher H. |title=Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js9JnwEACAAJ |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-87411-3 }} * {{cite journal|last1=Schneider|first1=Harald|last2=Schuettpelz|first2=Eric|last3=Pryer|first3=Kathleen M.|last4=Cranfill|first4=Raymond|last5=Magallón|first5=Susana|last6=Lupia|first6=Richard|title=Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms|journal=Nature|date=1 Abril 2004|volume=428|issue=6982|pages=553–557|doi=10.1038/nature02361|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8643636|pmid=15058303|ref={{harvid|Schneider et al|2004}}|bibcode=2004Natur.428..553S}} * {{cite journal|last1=Schneider|first1=Harald|last2=Smith|first2=Alan R.|last3=Pryer|first3=Kathleen M.|title=Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?|journal=Systematic Botany|date=1 Hulio 2009|volume=34|issue=3|pages=455–475|doi=10.1600/036364409789271209|ref={{harvid|Schneider et al|2009}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Alan R. |last2=Pryer |first2=Kathleen M. |last3=Schuettpelz |first3=Eric |last4=Korall |first4=Petra |last5=Schneider |first5=Harald |last6=Wolf |first6=Paul G. |title=Fern classification |url=http://pryerlab.biology.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/smith-et-al-2008.original.pdf |pages=417–467 |ref={{harvid|Smith et al|2008}} }}{{Natay a silpo|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, iti {{harvtxt|Ranker|Haufler|2008}} {{refend}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q30109433}} [[Kategoria:Polypodiales]] e2yhextol6xkgsa7j9dusi0apv7y3ne 0 68414 406025 403299 2026-07-02T16:07:16Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Arachnothryx |authority = [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]] |type_species = ''[[Arachnothryx leucophylla]]'' |type_species_authority = ([[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]) [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]] |synonyms = *''Cuatrecasasiodendron'' <small>[[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> *''Javorkaea'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]] & Jarai-Koml.</small> *''Otocalyx'' <small>[[Townshend Stith Brandegee|Brandegee]]</small> *''Renistipula'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> *''Siphonandra'' <small>[[Nicolai Stepanovitch Turczaninow|Turcz.]]</small> }} Ti '''''Arachnothryx''''' ket ti [[henero (biolohia)|henero]] dagiti [[agsabsabong a mula]] iti [[Pamilia (biolohia)|pamilia]] ti [[Rubiaceae]]. Daytoy ket aglaon kadagiti agarup a 107 a [[sebbangan]]. Mabirukan daytoy manipud iti [[Mehiko]] aginggana iti [[Peru]] ken iti [[Trinidad]].<ref name="WCSP">{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Arachnothryx|title=''Arachnothryx'' in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae|accessdate=15 Enero 2013}}</ref> == Taksonomia == Ti ''Arachnothryx'' ket [[Nagan a botaniko|ninaganan]] babaen ni [[Jules Émile Planchon]] idi 1849.<ref name="ipniarachnothryx">''Arachnothryx'' Iti: International Plant Names Index. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref><ref name="planchon1849">Jules Émile Planchon. 1849. ''Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe'' 5:442 and illustration. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> Naala daytoy a kadawyan a naga manipud iti [[Taga-ugma a Griego]]: ti ''arachne'' wenno ''arachnos'', "maysa a lawwalawwa", ken ''thrix'' wenno ''trichos'', "buok".<ref name="Quattrocchi2000">{{cite book|author=Quattrocchi U|year=2000|title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names|volume=1|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, New York, Washington DC, London|ISBN=978-0-8493-2675-2}}</ref> Kas agdama a naipalawag, ti ''Arachnothryx'' ket [[parapiletiko]] iti ''Cuatrecasasiodendron'', ''[[Gonzalagunia]]'', ken ''Javorkaea''. Adda dagiti mannurat a mangiraman dagitoy a henero iti maysa nga adu a naipalawag a ''[[Rondeletia (mula)|Rondeletia]]'', ngem dagiti [[molekular a pilohenetiko]] a panagadal ket nakaipakita nga isuda ket as-asideg a kabagian iti ''[[Guettarda]]'' ngem iti ''[[Rondeletia (mula)|Rondeletia]]''.<ref name="Manns2010">{{cite journal|author=Manns U, Bremer B |year=2010 |title=Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=56 |pages=21–39 |url=http://www.bergianska.se/pub/publikationer/Manns/Manns_Bremer_2010.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002 |pmid=20382247 |issue=1 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927023612/http://www.bergianska.se/pub/publikationer/Manns/Manns_Bremer_2010.pdf |archivedate=2011-09-27 }}</ref> == Dagiti sebbangan == {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''[[Arachnothryx aspera]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx atravesadensis]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx bertieroides]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx brachytyrsa]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx brenesii]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx buddleioides]]'' <small>([[George Bentham|Benth.]]) [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx calycophylla]]'' <small>[[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx calycosa]]'' <small>(Donn.Sm.) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx capitellata]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx caucana]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] ex [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx chaconii]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx chiapensis]]'' <small>([[Townshend Stith Brandegee|Brandegee]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx chimalaparum]]'' <small>Lorence ex [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx chimboracensis]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx chiriquiana]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx colombiana]]'' <small>([[Henry Hurd Rusby|Rusby]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx costanensis]]'' <small>[[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx costaricensis]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx cupreiflora]]'' <small>([[Karl Moritz Schumann|K.Schum.]] & [[Kurt Krause|K.Krause]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx darienensis]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx discolor]]'' <small>([[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]) [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx dwyeri]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx educta]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] ex [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx euryphylla]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx evansii]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx flocculosa]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx fosbergii]]'' <small>[[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx galeottii]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx garciae]]'' <small>[[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] ex [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx ginetteae]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx glabrata]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx gonzaleoides]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx gracilis]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx gracilispica]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx guerrerensis]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx guettardioides]]'' <small>[[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] ex [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx heteranthera]]'' <small>([[Townshend Stith Brandegee|Brandegee]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx hispidula]]'' <small>[[August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach|Griseb.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx hondurensis]]'' <small>(Donn.Sm.) Lorence</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx izabalensis]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] & [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx jurgensenii]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx laniflora]]'' <small>([[George Bentham|Benth.]]) [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx latiloba]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx leucophylla]]'' <small>([[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]) [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx lineolata]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx linguiformis]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx linguiloba]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]] & Diego</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx lojensis]]'' <small>[[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx macrocalyx]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] & [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx manantlanensis]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx megalantha]]'' <small>(Lorence) Lorence</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx mexicana]]'' <small>([[Nicolai Stepanovitch Turczaninow|Turcz.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx michoacana]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx monteverdensis]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx monticola]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx myriantha]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] & [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx nebulosa]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx nelsonii]]'' <small>Lorence</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx nitida]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx ovandensis]]'' <small>(Lundell) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx ovata]]'' <small>([[Henry Hurd Rusby|Rusby]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx pansamalana]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx pauciflora]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx perezii]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] ex [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx peruviana]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx povedae]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx purpurea]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx pyramidalis]]'' <small>(Lundell) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx reflexa]]'' <small>([[George Bentham|Benth.]]) [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx rekoi]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx ricoae]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx rosea]]'' <small>Linden</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx rubens]]'' <small>(L.O.Williams) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx rufescens]]'' <small>(B.L.Rob.) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx rugulosa]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx rzedowskii]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx sanchezii]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]] & Salas-Mor.</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx scabra]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx scoti]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx secunda]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx secundiflora]]'' <small>(B.L.Rob.) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx septicidalis]]'' <small>(B.L.Rob.) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx sessilis]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]] & G.Ortiz</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx sinaloae]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx skutchii]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]] & [[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx sousae]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx spectabilis]]'' <small>([[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]) Rova</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx stachyoidea]]'' <small>(Donn.Sm.) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx subglabra]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]] & N.C.Jiménez</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx tacanensis]]'' <small>(Lundell) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx tayloriae]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx tenorioi]]'' <small>(Lorence) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx tenuisepala]]'' <small>[[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx thiemei]]'' <small>(Donn.Sm.) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx torresii]]'' <small>([[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx tuxtlensis]]'' <small>(Lorence & Cast.-Campos) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx uxpanapensis]]'' <small>(Lorence & Cast.-Campos) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx venezuelensis]]'' <small>[[Julian Alfred Steyermark|Steyerm.]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx villosa]]'' <small>([[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> * ''[[Arachnothryx wendtii]]'' <small>(Lorence & Cast.-Campos) [[Attila Borhidi|Borhidi]]</small> {{div col end}} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == {{Commonscat-inline|Arachnothryx}} *[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Arachnothryx ''Arachnothryx'' iti World Checklist of Rubiaceae] * [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Arachnothryx ''Arachnothryx'']{{Natay a silpo|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/ Index Nominum Genericorum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116211833/http://botany.si.edu/ing/ |date=2018-11-16 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references References] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927172741/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm?references |date=2010-09-27 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001045837/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm |date=2010-10-01 }} iti: [http://www.mnh.si.edu/rc/ Research and Collections] iti: [http://www.mnh.si.edu/ Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183809/http://www.mnh.si.edu/ |date=2016-02-22 }} * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=&find_genus=Arachnothryx+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch ''Arachnothryx''] iti: [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do Plant Names] iti: [http://www.ipni.org/ IPNI] * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/1364456 ''Arachnothryx''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220193210/http://www.botanicus.org/page/1364456 |date=2020-02-20 }} iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002747282 Volume 5 (1849)] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11954978 Fl. Serres Jard. Eur.] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/titles Titles] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus] * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?13426 ''Arachnothryx''] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?975 List of Genera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001217065800/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?975 |date=2000-12-17 }} iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?975 Rubiaceae] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/famlist.pl List of families] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816163915/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/famlist.pl |date=2000-08-16 }} iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en Families and Genera in GRIN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227004053/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en |date=2013-02-27 }} iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/queries.pl?language=en Queries] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl GRIN taxonomy for plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015103620/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl |date=2004-10-15 }} * [http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=10045 ''Arachnothryx''] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126200020/http://ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php Choose a Plant] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126184508/https://ntbg.org/plants/ Meet the Plants] iti: [http://ntbg.org/index.php National Tropical Botanical Garden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606043320/http://ntbg.org/index.php |date=2017-06-06 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4783588}} [[Kategoria:Guettardeae]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Mehiko]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Tengnga nga Amerika]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Trinidad ken Tobago]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Colombia]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Venezuela]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Ecuador]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Peru]] 2wmjn0wjeia53wseoyvtzsau59oujwz 0 68669 406033 395193 2026-07-03T04:26:14Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Hillia'' | image = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicotidae]] | unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] | ordo = [[Gentianales]] | familia = [[Rubiaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Cinchonoideae]] | tribus = | genus = '''''Hillia''''' | genus_authority = [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacquin]] | type_species = ''[[Hillia parasitica]]'' | type_species_authority = Jacquin | subdivision_ranks = [[Sebbangan]] | subdivision = 24 a sebbangan, kitaen ti teksto | synonyms = ''Ravnia'' <small>[[Anders Sandøe Ørsted (botaniko)|Oersted]]</small> }} Ti '''''Hillia''''' ket ti [[henero (biolohia)|henero]] dagiti [[agsabsabong a mula]] iti [[Pamilia (biolohia)|pamilia]] ti [[Rubiaceae]]. Daytoy ket addaan kadagiti 24 a [[sebbangan]].<ref name="kewhillia">''Hillia'' iti: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> Amin ket indihenio iti [[tropikal]] a [[Kaamerikaan]].<ref name="mabberley2008">David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}}</ref> Kaaduan dagiti sebbangan ket natubbog bassit nga [[epiphyte]] wenno dagiti bassit a [[kayo]]. Sumagmamano ket dagiti babassit a mula wenno [[liana]]. Ti ''Hillia rivalis'' ket maysa a [[rheophyte]]. Ti [[Kulanit (biolohia)|kulanit]] iti amin a sebbangan ket aglaon kadagiti [[raphide]]. Dagiti kapsula ket addaan kadagiti kasla sippit a parte.<ref name="taylor1994">Charlotte M. Taylor. 1994. "Revision of ''Hillia'' (Rubiaceae)". ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' '''81'''(4):571-609.</ref> Ti ''Hillia triflora'' ket maimuyongan a kas maysa nga[[Ornamental a mula|ornamental]].<ref name=rhs>Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. {{ISBN|978-0-333-47494-5}} (set)</ref> Ti ''Hillia'' ket [[Nagan a botaniko|ninaganan]] babaen ni [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Nicolaus Jacquin]] idi 1760.<ref name="ipnihillia">''Hillia'' iti International Plant Names Index. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref><ref name="jacquin1760">Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. 1760. ''Enumeratio systematica plantarum, quas in insulis Caribaeis vicinaque Americes continente detexit nouas, aut iam cognitas emandauit'' pages 3 and 18. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> Naipanagan daytoy ken ni Ingles a [[botaniko]] [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] (1716–1775).<ref name="quattrocchiII">Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. {{ISBN|978-0-8493-2676-9}} (vol. II). (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> Ninaganan laeng ni Jacquin ti maysa a sebbangan, ti ''Hillia parasitica''. Naisingasingen a ti espesipiko nga epiteta ken ti pay kadawyan a nagan ket mabalin a mangireperensia ken ni John Hill.<ref name="taylor1994" /> Adda dagiti sumagmamano a mannurat a nangikabil kadagiti lima a sebbangan iti maysa a sabali a henero, ti ''Ravnia''. Ti maysa a kaldisto a panagusig ti mopolohiko a pannakailasin ket nabirukan a ti ''Ravnia'' ket naipenen iti kaunegan ti ''Hillia''.<ref name="taylor1994" /> Nasubokanen daytoy a hipotesis iti molekular a datos. Dagiti henero ti ''Hillia'', ''[[Balmea]]'', ken ''[[Cosmibuena]]'' ket mangbukel iti [[monopiletiko]] a [[Klado|grupo]]. Adda dagiti sumagmamano a mannurat a nangikeddeng daytoy a grupo a kas ti [[Tribu (biolohia)|tribu]] ti Hillieae, ngem mabalin a naipenpen iti kaunegan ti sabali a tribu, ti Hamelieae.<ref name="manns2010">Ulrika Manns and Birgitta Bremer. 2010. "Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''56'''(1):21-39. {{DOI|10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002}}</ref> == Dagiti sebbangan == Dagiti sumaganad a listaan ti sebbangan ket mabalin a saan a kompleto wenno aglaon kadagiti [[Sinonimo (taksonomia)|sinonimo]]. {| border="0" | valign="top" | * ''[[Hillia macrophylla]]'' <small>[[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standley]]</small> * ''[[Hillia parasitica]]'' <small>[[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacquin]]</small>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | valign="top" | * ''[[Hillia rivalis]]'' <small>[[Charlotte M. Taylor|C.M. Taylor]]</small> * ''[[Hillia triflora]]'' <small>([[Anders Sandøe Ørsted (botaniko)|Oersted]]) C.M. Taylor</small> |} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == * [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Hillia&page=quickSearch ''Hillia''] iti: [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do?checklist=rubiaceae%40%40025250120110104024 Search Page] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101130437/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/WorldRubiChecklist.html World Checklist of Rubiaceae] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230523/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/indexbyteam.html#Rubi Index by Team] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101231134226/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/index.html Projects] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110228134853/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/ Science Directory] iti: [http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/index.htm Scientific Research and Data] iti: [http://www.kew.org/ Kew Gardens] * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=F52A5D7E6135020E8717F48325018CF4?find_family=&find_genus=Hillia+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch ''Hillia''] iti: [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do Plant Names] iti: [http://www.ipni.org/ IPNI] * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/622920 ''Hillia'', page 3] ken [http://www.botanicus.org/page/622935 ''Hillia'', page 18] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12738426 ''Enumeratio systematica plantarum''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811220758/http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12738426 |date=2020-08-11 }} iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/titles Titles] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus] * [http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849326769 CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: D-L] iti: [http://www.crcpress.com/ecommerce_product/browse_book_categories.jsf?category=LIF02A Botany & Plant Science] iti: [http://www.crcpress.com/ecommerce_product/browse_book_categories.jsf?category=LIF Life Science] iti: [http://www.crcpress.com/ CRC Press] * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5680 ''Hillia''] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20001217065800/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?975 List of Genera] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?975 Rubiaceae] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20000816163915/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/famlist.pl List of families] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en Families and Genera in GRIN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227004053/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en |date=2013-02-27 }} iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/queries.pl?language=en Queries] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015103620/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl GRIN taxonomy for plants] * [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/35908 ''Hillia''] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/169630 Hillieae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/169619 Cinchonoideae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/24966 Rubiaceae] {{color|violetIn: ···}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3193 Embryophyta] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/131221 Streptophytina] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/35493 Streptophyta] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/33090 Viridiplantae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/2759 Eudaryota] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/ Taxonomy] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/ UniProt] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5577582}} [[Kategoria:Hillieae]] n3dx23cyl2hsud4up8wk9ou7pulczxs 0 71329 406034 403290 2026-07-03T07:29:00Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image = Starr 020925-0039 Kadua affinis.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Kadua affinis]]'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicotidae]] | unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] | ordo = [[Gentianales]] | familia = [[Rubiaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Rubioideae]] | tribus = [[Spermacoceae]] | genus = '''''Kadua''''' | genus_authority = [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Cham.]] & [[Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal|Schltdl.]] | type_species = ''[[Kadua acuminata]]'' | type_species_authority = Cham. & Schltdl. | subdivision_ranks = [[Sebbangan]] | subdivision = ~ 29 a sebbangan, kitaen ti teksto }} Ti '''''Kadua''''' ket ti [[Henero (biolohia)|henero]] dagiti [[agsabsabong a mula]] iti [[Pamilia (biolohia)|pamilia]] ti [[Rubiaceae]]. Daytoy ket buklen dagiti 29 a [[sebbangan]],<ref name="kewkadua">''Kadua'' iti: World Checklist of Rubiaceae iti: Kew Gardens Website. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> amin ket maigawid iti [[Polinesia]]. Duapulo ket dua kadagitoy ket [[Endemismo|endemiko]] iti [[Is-isla Hawaii]]. Sumagmamano kadagiti sebbangan ket kadawyan iti nangato nga elebasion. Dagiti dadduma ket maysa nga isla laeng nga endemiko wenno karkarna, ken adda bassit dagiti mabalin a [[Pannakaungaw|naungaw]]. Ti ''Kadua affinis'' ket adu a naiwarwaras iti Hawaii ken [[Polimorpismo (biolohia)|polimorpiko]].<ref name="mabberley2008">David J. Mabberley. 2008. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9RyKKHtwXUYC&pg=PA448 ''Mabberley's Plant-Book''] third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}} p. 448</ref> Ti [[sebbangan-kita]] para iti henero ket ti ''Kadua acuminata''.<ref name="ingkadua">''Kadua'' iti: Index Nominum Genericorum. iti: [[Regnum Vegetabile]] (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> Ti ''Kadua'' ket dati a nairaman iti nalawa a naipalawag ken [[polipiletiko]] a ''[[Hedyotis]]'', a nangbukel, a maipatinayon iti ''Kadua'', ti sebbangan a naikabil itan iti ''[[Oldenlandia]]'', ''[[Oldenlandiopsis]]'', ''[[Houstonia (mula)|Houstonia]]'', ken dagiti sabali pay a henero. Ti ''Hedyotis'' ket ak-akikid itan a naipalawag.<ref name="groeninckx2009">{{cite journal|last1=Groeninckx|first1=Inge|last2=Dessein|first2=Steven|last3=Ochoterena|first3=Helga|last4=Persson|first4=Claes|last5=Motley|first5=Timothy J.|last6=Kårehed|first6=Jesper|last7=Bremer|first7=Birgitta|last8=Huysmans|first8=Suzy|last9=Smets|first9=Erik|title=Phylogeny of the Herbaceous Tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) Based on Plastid DNA Data|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume=96|pages=109–132|year=2009|doi=10.3417/2006201}}</ref> == Dagiti sebbangan == Iti sumaganad a listaan, ti ''Kadua haupuensis'' ket nainayon iti sebbangan nga inlista babaen ni Edward E. Terrell [[et alii]].<ref name="terrell2005">{{cite journal|last1=Terrell|first1=Edward E.|last2=Robinson|first2=Harold E.|last3=Wagner|first3=Warren L.|last4=Lorence|first4=David H.|title=Resurrection of Genus ''Kadua'' for Hawaiian Hedyotidinae (Rubiaceae), with Emphasis on Seed and Fruit Characters and Notes on South Pacific Species|journal=Systematic Botany|volume=30|pages=818|year=2005|doi=10.1600/036364405775097716|issue=4}}</ref> {| border="0" | valign="top" | * ''[[Kadua acuminata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small> * ''[[Kadua affinis]]'' <small>([[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua axillaris]]'' <small>([[Heinrich Wawra von Fernsee|Wawra]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua centranthoides]]'' <small>[[William Jackson Hooker|Hook.]] & [[George Arnott Walker Arnott|Arn.]]</small> * ''[[Kadua cookiana]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small> * ''[[Kadua cordata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small> * ''[[Kadua coriacea]]'' <small>([[James Edward Smith|Sm.]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua degeneri]]'' <small>([[Francis Raymond Fosberg|Fosberg]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua elatior]]'' <small>([[Horace Mann Jr.|H.Mann]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua fluviatilis]]'' <small>[[Charles Noyes Forbes|C.N.Forbes]]</small> * ''[[Kadua flynnii]]'' <small>(W.L.Wagner & Lorence) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua foggiana]]'' <small>(Fosberg) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua foliosa]]'' <small>[[William Hillebrand|Hillebr.]]</small> * ''[[Kadua formosa]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small> * ''[[Kadua fosbergii]]'' <small>W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst</small> | valign="top" | * ''[[Kadua grantii]]'' <small>(Fosberg) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua haupuensis]]'' <small>Lorence & W.L.Wagner</small> * ''[[Kadua knudsenii]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small> * ''[[Kadua laxiflora]]'' <small>H.Mann</small> * ''[[Kadua littoralis]]'' <small>Hillebr.</small> * ''[[Kadua lucei]]'' <small>(Lorence & [[Jacques Florence|J.Florence]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua nukuhivensis]]'' <small>(J.Florence & Lorence) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua parvula]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> * ''[[Kadua raiateensis]]'' <small>[[John William Moore (botanist)|J.W.Moore]] </small> * ''[[Kadua rapensis]]'' <small>[[Forest Buffen Harkness Brown|F.Br.]]</small> * ''[[Kadua romanzoffiensis]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small> * ''[[Kadua st-johnii]]'' <small>([[Benjamin Clemens Stone|B.C.Stone]] & [[Irwin E. Lane|Lane]]) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua tahuatensis]]'' <small> (Lorence & J.Florence) W.L.Wagner & Lorence</small> * ''[[Kadua tryblium]]'' <small> D.R.Herbst & W.L.Wagner </small> |} == Pakasaritaan == [[Papeles:Kadua fluviatilis (4765985711).jpg|thumb|Ti ''Kadua fluviatilis'', nga endemiko iti [[Is-isla Hawaii]], naisagmak, [[Oʻahu]] (Naimuyongan)]] Ti henero ti ''Kadua'' ket naitakder idi 1829 babaen da [[Adelbert von Chamisso]] ken [[Diederich von Schlechtendal]].<ref name="chamisso1829">Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. 1829. ''Linnaea'' '''4''':157. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba)</ref> [[Nagan a botaniko|Ninagananda]] daytoy para ken ni Kadu, ti maysa a patneng iti [[Ulea]], maysa kadagiti [[Is-isla ti Marshall]]. Ni Kadu ket maysa idi a gayyem ni von Chamisso ken nangited kadagiti napateg a tulong iti ekspedision idi 1815–1818 nga indauluan babaen ni [[Otto von Kotzebue]]. Ti kadawyan a nagan iti ''Kadua'' ket saan unay a naus-usaren idi maika-20 a siglo, gapu ta kaaduan dagiti mannurat ket ikeddengda a maysa a [[Sinonimo (taksonomia)|sinomimo]] ti ''Hedyotis''. Idi 1999, duapulo a sebbangan ti ''Kadua'' ket naipalawag a kas sebbangan ti ''Hedyotis'' iti maysa a [[Flora (pablaak|Flora]] ti Hawaii.<ref name="WHS1999">Warren L. Wagner, Derral R. Herbst, and Sy H. Sohmer. ''Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii'', Revised Edition, 1999. Bishop Museum Press: Hololulu, HI, USA.</ref> Naipalawag ti ''Kadua flynnii'' idi 1998,<ref name="wagner1998">Warren L. Wagner and David H. Lorence. 1998. [http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/7613/1/bot_Wagner_Lorence_1998_Hedyotis.pdf "A New, Dioecious Species of ''Hedyotis'' (Rubiaceae) from Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, and the Taxonomy of Kauaʻi ''Hedyotis schlechtendahliana'' Resolved"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312045845/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/7613/1/bot_Wagner_Lorence_1998_Hedyotis.pdf |date=2012-03-12 }}. ''Novon'' '''8'''(3):311–317.</ref> and ''Kadua haupuensis'' in 2010.<ref name="lorence2010">David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner, and William G. Laidlaw. 2010. "''Kadua haupuensis'' (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new endemic species from Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands". ''Brittonia'' '''62'''(2):137-144. {{DOI|10.1007/s12228-009-9103-y}}</ref> Napaungar manen ti ''Kadua'' idi 2005.<ref name="terrell2005" /> Daytoy a [[Taksonomia (biolohia)|taksonomiko]] a panagbaliw ket tinunosan babaen dagiti [[molekular a pilohenetiko]] a panagadal ti [[Tribu (biolohia)|tribu]] ti [[Spermacoceae]] idi 2008 ken 2009.<ref name="groeninckx2009" /><ref name="karehed2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karehed|first1=J|last2=Groeninckx|first2=I|last3=Dessein|first3=S|last4=Motley|first4=T|last5=Bremer|first5=B|title=The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=49|pages=843–66|year=2008|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.025|pmid=18950720|issue=3}}</ref> == Pilohenio == Ti sumaganad a [[pilohenetiko a kayo]] ket sangkapaset a naibatay iti [[pilohenetiko]] a panagusig kadagiti [[panagsasaruno ti DNA]],<ref name="karehed2008" /> ken sangkapaset a naala manipud iti [[Biolohiko a pannakaidasig|pannakaidasig]] a sinurot manipud iti maysa a papel idi 2005.<ref name="terrell2005" /> {{klado|style=font-size:100%;line-height:120% |label1='''Kadua''' |1={{klado |1={{klado |1=''Kadua tryblium'' |2={{klado |1=''Kadua affinis'' |2={{klado |1=''Kadua fosbergii'' |2=''Kadua axillaris'' }} }} }} |2={{klado |1={{klado |1=''Kadua acuminata'' |2=''Kadua fluviatilis'' }} |2={{klado |1={{klado |1={{klado |1=''Kadua rapensis'' |2=''Kadua coriacea'' }} |2={{klado |1=''Kadua formosa'' |2={{klado |1=''Kadua knudsenii'' |2=''Kadua foggiana'' |3=''Kadua centranthoides'' }} }} }} |2={{klado |1=''Kadua parvula'' |2={{klado |1={{klado |1=''Kadua degeneri'' |2={{klado |1=''Kadua littoralis'' |2=''Kadua laxiflora'' }} }} |2={{klado |1=''Kadua cordata'' |2={{klado |1=''Kadua elatior'' |2={{klado |1=''Kadua flynnii'' |2=''Kadua haupuensis'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == {{Commonscat-inline}} * [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Kadua&page=quickSearch ''Kadua''] iti: [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do?checklist=rubiaceae%40%40025250120110104024 Search Page] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101130437/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/WorldRubiChecklist.html World Checklist of Rubiaceae] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230523/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/indexbyteam.html#Rubi#Rubi Index by Team] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101231134226/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/index.html Projects] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110228134853/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/ Science Directory] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120827233751/http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/index.htm Scientific Research and Data] iti: [http://www.kew.org/ Kew Gardens] * [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Kadua ''Kadua''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051554/http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Kadua |date=2016-03-04 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/ Index Nominum Genericorum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116211833/http://botany.si.edu/ing/ |date=2018-11-16 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references Dagiti nagibasaran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927172741/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm?references |date=2010-09-27 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001045837/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm |date=2010-10-01 }} * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/95530 ''Kadua''] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002428347 ''Linnaea'', volume 4] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12461441 ''Linnaea''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110223316/http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12461441 |date=2012-01-10 }} iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/titles Titles] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus] * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=3380DB5128A1C891B56C95CD02955F7A?find_family=&find_genus=Kadua+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch ''Kadua''] iti: [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do Plant Name Query] iti: [http://www.ipni.org/ IPNI] * [http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40034179 ''Kadua'' (exact)] iti: [http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx Names] iti: [http://www.tropicos.org/ Tropicos] iti: [http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/default.asp Science and Conservation] iti: [http://www.mobot.org/ Missouri Botanical Garden] * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?15002 ''Kadua''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009071157/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?15002 |date=2012-10-09 }} iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20001217065800/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?975 List of Genera] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?975 Rubiaceae] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20000816163915/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/famlist.pl List of families] iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en Families and Genera in GRIN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227004053/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en |date=2013-02-27 }} iti: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/queries.pl?language=en Queries] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015103620/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl GRIN taxonomy for plants] * [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/417173 ''Kadua''] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/169663 Spermacoceae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/169617 Rubioideae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/24966 Rubiaceae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3193 Embryophyta] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/131221 Streptophytina] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/35493 Streptophyta] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/33090 Viridiplantae] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/2759 Eudaryota] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/ Taxonomy] iti: [https://www.uniprot.org/ UniProt] * [http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=manono ''Hedyotis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702123400/http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=manono |date=2007-07-02 }} iti: [http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultslatin.asp?button=List+by+Species+Name List by Species Name]{{Natay a silpo|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} iti: [http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/index.asp Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224123529/http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/index.asp |date=2020-02-24 }} iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101031072044/http://bishopmuseum.org//research/onlinedata.html Searchable Databases] iti: [http://www.bishopmuseum.org/ Bishop Museum] * [http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=12016 ''Kadua littoralis''] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126200020/http://ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php Choose a Plant] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126184508/https://ntbg.org/plants/ Meet the Plants] iti: [http://ntbg.org/index.php National Tropical Botanical Garden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606043320/http://ntbg.org/index.php |date=2017-06-06 }} * [http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=kadua+affinis&o=plants ''Kadua affinis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020171409/http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=kadua+affinis&o=plants |date=2012-10-20 }} iti: [http://www.hear.org/starr/images/family/?q=rubiaceae&o=plants Rubiaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020210916/http://www.hear.org/starr/images/family/?q=rubiaceae&o=plants |date=2012-10-20 }} iti: [http://www.hear.org/starr/images/?o=plants Plants of Hawaii] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115033739/http://www.hear.org/starr/images/?o=plants |date=2012-11-15 }} iti: [http://www.hear.org/hearpix/otheronlineimages.htm Images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225024851/http://www.hear.org/hearpix/otheronlineimages.htm |date=2020-02-25 }} iti: [http://www.hear.org/ Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221021637/http://www.hear.org/ |date=2021-02-21 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10290745}} [[Kategoria:Kadua| ]] [[Kategoria:Flora ti Pasipiko]] k3420ocdx8oo06op3uyftmt6yafm2o1 0 71444 406035 403292 2026-07-03T08:33:07Z InternetArchiveBot 14943 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 406035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | image = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicotidae]] | unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] | ordo = [[Gentianales]] | familia = [[Rubiaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Rubioideae]] | tribus = [[Spermacoceae]] | genus = '''''Kohautia''''' | genus_authority = [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Chamisso]] & [[Diederich von Schlechtendal|Schlechtendal]] | type_species = ''[[Kohautia senegalensis]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Chamisso]] & [[Diederich von Schlechtendal|Schlechtendal]] | subdivision_ranks = Sebbangan | subdivision = 31 a sebbangan (kitaen ti teksto) }} Ti '''''Kohautia''''' ket ti [[Henero (biolohia)|henero]] dagiti [[agsabsabong a mula]] iti [[Pamilia (biolohia)|pamilia]] ti [[Rubiaceae]]. Dagitoy ket patneng iti [[tropikal]] a luglugar ti [[Asia]], [[Aprika]], ken [[Madagascar]].<ref name="mabberley2008">David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}}</ref><ref name="groeninckx2009">Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgitta Bremer, Suzy Huysmans, and Erik Smets. 2009. "Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data". ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' '''96'''(1):109-132.</ref> Adda dagiti ammo a tallopulo ket maysa a [[sebbangan]].<ref name="groeninckx2009" /> Ti [[sebbangan-kita]] para iti henero ket ti ''[[Kohautia senegalensis]]''.<ref name="ingkohautia">''Kohautia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: [[Regnum Vegetabile]] (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba).</ref> Ti ''Kohautia'' ket [[Nagan a botaniko|ninaganan]] babaen da [[Adelbert von Chamisso]] ken [[Diederich von Schlechtendal]] idi 1829.<ref name="chamisso1829">Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. 1829. ''Linnaea'' '''4''':157. (kitaen ti ''Dagiti akinruar a silpo'' dita baba)</ref> Daytoy a kadawyan a nagan ket pammadayaw ken ni [[Franz Kohaut]] (d. 1822), ti maysa a manggurnong iti mula a nagtrabaho iti [[Laud nga Aprika]] para ken ni [[botaniko]] [[Franz Sieber]] (1789–1844).<ref name="quattrocchi2000">Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. {{ISBN|978-0-8493-2676-9}}.</ref> Ti ''Kohautia'' is [[polipili|dipiletiko]] a buklen dagiti dua a [[klado]] a saan nga agkakabsat a takson. Ti klado nga aglaon iti sebbangan-kita ket kabagian ti ''[[Pentanopsis]]''. Ti sabali a klado ket buklen dagiti [[Seksion (botanika)|seksion]] ti ''Kohautia''.Daytoy ket kabsat ti ''[[Oldenlandia]]'' ken managananto iti baro a henero.<ref name="karehed2008">Jesper Kårehed, Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Timothy J. Motley, and Birgitta Bremer. 2008. "The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''49'''(3):843-866. {{DOI|10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.025}}</ref> == Dagiti sebbangan == * ''[[Kohautia socotrana]]'' [[Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp|Bremekamp]] * ''[[Kohautia senegalensis]]'' [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Chamisso]] & [[Diederich von Schlechtendal|Schlechtendal]] == Dagiti nagibasaran == {{Reflist}} == Dagiti akinruar a silpo == * [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Kohautia&page=quickSearch ''Kohautia''] iti: [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do?checklist=rubiaceae%40%40025250120110104024 Search Page] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101130437/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/WorldRubiChecklist.html World Checklist of Rubiaceae] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230523/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/indexbyteam.html#Rubi#Rubi Index by Team] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101231134226/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/index.html Projects] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110228134853/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/ Science Directory] iti: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120827233751/http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/index.htm Scientific Research and Data] iti: [http://www.kew.org/ Kew Gardens] * [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Kohautia ''Kohautia'']{{Natay a silpo|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} iti:[http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/ Index Nominum Genericorum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116211833/http://botany.si.edu/ing/ |date=2018-11-16 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references Dagiti nagibasaran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927172741/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm?references |date=2010-09-27 }} iti: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001045837/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm |date=2010-10-01 }} * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/95529 ''Kohautia''] In: [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002428347 ''Linnaea'', volume 4] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12461441 ''Linnaea''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110223316/http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12461441 |date=2012-01-10 }} iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/titles Titles] iti: [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus] {{Taxonbar|from=Q3595377}} [[Kategoria:Kohautia| ]] 6pdf4iobvsoa0edva297xtk7l6o3tcc 0 81851 406028 2026-07-02T19:34:35Z Seav 860 Inyalis ni Seav ti panid ti [[Pandacan, Manila]] iti [[Pandacan]]: disambiguation is not needed 406028 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pandacan]] {{B manipud iti panangiyalis}} i5t1srobjy41hs1mkqwzorwpgzny6mk 0 81852 406032 2026-07-03T02:43:13Z ~2026-37948-84 20186 Pinartuat ti panid iti "Ti moderno a konserbatismo (kolokial a neokon) ket maysa a politikal a tignay a mangtipon kadagiti tampok ti tradisional a politikal ken sosial a konserbatismo iti indibidualismo ken ti kualipikado a panangipangag kadagiti nawaya a merkado a maikuyog ti napinget a panangitandudo ti demokrasia ken nailian nga interes, a mairaman babaen dagiti wagas ti militar." 406032 wikitext text/x-wiki Ti moderno a konserbatismo (kolokial a neokon) ket maysa a politikal a tignay a mangtipon kadagiti tampok ti tradisional a politikal ken sosial a konserbatismo iti indibidualismo ken ti kualipikado a panangipangag kadagiti nawaya a merkado a maikuyog ti napinget a panangitandudo ti demokrasia ken nailian nga interes, a mairaman babaen dagiti wagas ti militar. jo25i1ghw4uqz9exgwn6od2qx8k4iif